title stringlengths 0 901 | abstract stringlengths 3 9.89k | PMID int64 22 25.3M | embedding listlengths 768 768 |
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Phenothiazine analgesia--fact or fantasy? | Double-blind clinical trials involving the use of phenothiazines as analgesics or potentiators of analgesics (aspirin, meperidine, morphine sulfate) and adverse effects of phenothiazines are reviewed and evaluated. Promethazine, promazine and propiomazine were not found to possess analgesic or potentiating properties. ... | 36,754 | [
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Efficacy of antiparkinson agents in preventing antipsychotic-induced extrapyramidal symptoms. | The types of extrapyramidal syndrome (EPS) reactions produced by antipsychotic agents and the prophylactic use of antiparkinson agents in preventing EPS are reviewed. EPS are classified as akathisias, dystonias, parkinson-like symptoms and tardive dyskinesia, and have a varied incidence reported to range from 10.6 to 1... | 36,755 | [
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Beta-agonists and secretory cell number and intracellular glycoproteins in airway epithelium. The effect of isoproterenol and salbutamol. | This study describes the effect of systemic administration of the beta-adrenergic agonists isoproterenol and salbutamol on the secretory cell populations in seven regions of rat airway epithelium (three extrapulmonary and four intrapulmonary) and on the size of salivary glands and heart. Isoproterenol (a nonselective b... | 36,762 | [
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Post-partum sterilisation--an anaesthetic hazard? | A case of acid aspiration pneumonitis which occurred in the puerperium is described. Gastric aspirate was collected in fifty patients undergoing postpartum sterilisation. Results of pH and volume suggest these patients should be regarded as potential candidates at risk of developing Mendelson's syndrome. | 36,807 | [
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Properties of beta-glucan synthetase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. | Properties of beta-glucan synthetase from S. cerevisiae were studied. The enzyme exhibited optimal activity at pH 6.7 and 24 C. Km for UDP-glucose was 0.12 mM. Addition of Mg++ or Mn++ stimulated its activity by 60% and 21% respectively. High concentrations of EDTA and hydroxyquinoline were inhibitory. Glucan synthetas... | 36,834 | [
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Development of a quantitative method for the detection of enteroviruses in soil. | A method is described for efficiently concentrating enteroviruses from soil. Viruses were eluted from soil by mechanical agitation in high pH glycine buffer containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. The eluted viruses were concentrated on a floc that formed de novo upon adjustment of the soil eluate to 0.06 M aluminu... | 36,845 | [
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Magnitude of pollution indicator organisms in rural potable water. | A total of 460 water samples were randomly drawn from the potable water supply sources of rural communities in three counties of South Carolina. About 10% of the population, not incorporated in municipalities, was sampled. The samples were tested for total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and fecal streptococci. Significan... | 36,849 | [
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pH-induced platelet ultrastructural alterations. A possible mechanism for impaired platelet aggregation. | After the observation that lavages with alkaline solutions exert a beneficial effect on the bleeding tendency and increase platelet aggregation in patients with intragastric hemorrhage, studies were undertaken to find a relationship between changes of pH and platelet morphology. Transmission and scanning electron micro... | 36,869 | [
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Choline kinase and ethanolamine kinase activity in the cytosol of nerve endings from rat forebrain. | Both choline kinase and ethanolamine kinase are present in the cytosol of nerve endings prepared from rat brain are the products of their action, phosphocholine (84 nmol/g fresh wt. of brain) and phosphoethanolamine (190 nmol/g fresh wt. of brain). In contrast with the enzymes from the cytosol of whole brain, both are ... | 36,885 | [
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The plastoquinone pool as possible hydrogen pump in photosynthesis. | The function of the plastoquinone pool as a possible pump for vectorial hydrogen (H+ + e-) transport across the thylakoid membrane has been investigated in isolated spinach chloroplasts. Measurements of three different optical changes reflecting the redox reactions of the plastoquinone, the external H+ uptake and the i... | 36,909 | [
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Comparison of rat brain membrane antigens by complement mediated release of neurotransmitters from brain fractions using antisera against S-100 and Thy-1. | Synaptosomal, glial and neuronal fractions were prepared from rat brain and incubated to accumulate radioactively labelled neurotransmitters. Treatment of these fractions with antisera and complement showed that anti-(Thy-1) serum gave good release (50-75% of total uptake) of all neurotransmitters tested from synaptoso... | 36,961 | [
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Lactate administration and fatty liver and kidney syndrome development in biotin-deficient chicks. | Two experiments were carried out to determine whether administration of lactate to biotin-deficient chicks induced fatty liver and kidney syndrome (FLKS). 2. The results suggest that increased serum lactate concentrations are a consequence of the syndrome rather than a contributory factor in its incidence. 3. The incre... | 36,966 | [
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DEAE-cellulose chromatography of creatine kinase isoenzymes--effect of pH and serum. | DEAE-cellulose chromatography (pH 7.0) of human heart extracts revealed the presence of three creatine kinase isoenzymes. The CK3 (skeletal muscle) isoenzyme was not retained on the column under these conditions. The CK2 (heart) and CK1 (brain) isoenzymes eluted at a conductivity of 5.5 +/- 0.6 m omega-1 and 11.4 +/- 1... | 37,001 | [
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Influence of prazosin on the development of antinuclear antibodies in hypertensive patients. | A recent publication suggested that antinuclear antibodies (ANA) occur in up to one third of patients treated with the hypotensive drug prazosin (Minipress). We have examined a large group of hypertensive patients and found ANA in 9.7% of 145 patients taking prazosin and in 12.2% of hypertensive patients on any treatme... | 37,015 | [
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Postischemic brain oxygenation with barbiturate therapy in rats. | We measured rat brain cortex PO2 (PtO2) with gold microelectrodes (tip diameter 5--10 micron) for up to 2 hours after 16 min of transient global brain ischemia with and without thiopental 90 mg/kg infused iv over 60 min beginning at 5 min postischemia. Seventeen rats were immobilized and mechanically ventilated on 1% h... | 37,043 | [
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Bromocriptine in the treatment of parkinsonism. | Bromocriptine alters the motor behaviour of animals and improves the motor defect of parkinsonism. Changes in movement are accompanied by biochemical changes in the central nervous system, consistent with the idea that bromocriptine has a dopamine agonist action in the basal ganglia and also in the mesolimbic system an... | 37,066 | [
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Drugs, alcohol and driving. | Driving a car is a complex psychomotor and perceptual task which is subject to impairment by many factors. Several workers have studied the potential effects of drugs and alchol in crash production by epidemiological and laboratory studies. Both types of studies have yielded useful data but their limitations must be bo... | 37,067 | [
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1H nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies of porcine lutropin and its alpha and beta subunits. | The titration curves of the histidine residues of porcine lutropin and its isolated alpha and beta subunits have been determined by following the pH-dependence of the imidazole C-2 proton resonances. The isolated alpha subunit contains a buried histidine, whose C-2 proton does not exchange with solvent, and which has t... | 37,081 | [
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Transfer in vitro of three benzodiazepines across the human placenta. | A comparative study of the placental transfer to the foetus of three benzodiazepines was performed using a dual perfusion system of the human placental lobule. A transport fraction was calculated for each benzodiazepine and was compared with reference substances. Relative to antipyrine, the transport fraction of diazep... | 37,088 | [
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The effect of rifampicin on norethisterone pharmacokinetics. | The pharmacokinetics of norethisterone have been studied in 8 women during and one month after treatment with rifampicin (450--600 mg/day). Rifampicin caused a significant reduction in the A.U.C. of a single dose of 1 mg norethisterone from 37.8 +/- 13.1 to 21.9 +/- 5.9 ng/ml X h (p less than 0.01). The plasma norethis... | 37,091 | [
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[Therapy with antacids]. | The usefulness of antacids in peptic ulcer disease is based on their ability to neutralize secreted gastric acid and to inhibit pepsin activity. The neutralizing capacity (expressed as mval of neutralized hydrochloric acid at a given pH) of different antacids depends upon their chemical composition. To achieve adequate... | 37,146 | [
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Sensitivity of human spermatozoa to various isolation procedures: differences in relation to sperm counts. | The aim of the present work was to examine the sensitivity of human spermatozoa from oligospermic and normospermic semen samples to manipulations in the course of isolation by generally used procedures. To this end we performed protein and DNA estimations in spermatozoa isolated by procedures differing in rigorousness ... | 37,177 | [
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Adaptations in skeletal muscle following strength training. | Five men were studied before and after 7 wk of isokinetic strength training to determine its effects on muscle enzyme activities and fiber composition. One of the subject's legs was trained using 10 repeated 6-s maximal work bouts, while the other leg performed repeated 30-s maximal knee extension exercise. The total w... | 37,209 | [
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Micropuncture determination of pH, PCO2, and total CO2 concentration in accessible structures of the rat renal cortex. | Previous studies evaluating the mechanism of renal HCO-3 reabsorption have assumed equilibrium between systemic arterial blood and tubular fluid PCO2. We have recently reported that the PCO2 in proximal and distal tubular fluid as well as the stellate vessel significantly exceeded arterial PCO2 by 25.9 +/- 0.92 mm Hg. ... | 37,258 | [
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Lipoprotein lipase and acid lipase activity in rabbit brain microvessels. | A preparation of cerebral microvessels was used to demonstrate the presence of lipoprotein lipase and acid lipase activity in the microvasculature of rabbit brain. Microvessels, consisting predominantly of capillaries, small arterioles, and venules, were islated from rabbit brain. Homogenates were assayed for lipolytic... | 37,280 | [
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Powder mixing in direct compression formulation by ordered and random processes. | The mixing processes taking place in a two component system involving a cohesive drug, tetracycline and a direct compression vehicle, spray dried lactose (SDL), have been studied by chemical analysis of powder samples and fluorescence microscopy. At a drug concentration level of 0.25% w/w, both random and ordered mixin... | 37,294 | [
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Cobaltous chloride-induced hypothermia. II: Pretreatment with sympathoplegics, antihistamines, and narcotic antagonists. | Body temperature depression was noted in rats, mice, and hamsters following intraperitoneal cobaltous chloride administration (25 mg/kg). Intracerebral cobalt injection elicited hypotermia in rats and mice but not in hamsters. Body temperature depression appeared to be centrally mediated in rats and mice and peripheral... | 37,317 | [
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Controlled drug release by polymer dissolution. II: Enzyme-mediated delivery device. | A novel, closed-loop drug delivery system was developed where the presence or absence of an external compound controls drug delivery from a bioerodible polymer. In the described delivery system, hydrocortisone was incorporated into a n-hexyl half-ester of a methyl vinyl ehter-maleic anhydride copolymer, and the polymer... | 37,327 | [
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Operative versus non-operative management of patients with staghorn calculi and neurogenic bladder. | During the last 5 years 22 patients have been treated at our hospital for staghorn calculi and neurogenic bladder. In 17 patients an operation was done soon after discovery of the calculi, while 5 patients were followed non-operatively. The latter 5 patients had a rapid downhill course marked by sepsis and renal functi... | 37,347 | [
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Association of diethylstilbestrol exposure in utero with cryptorchidism, testicular hypoplasia and semen abnormalities. | Epididymal cysts and/or hypoplastic testes have been found in 31.5 per cent of 308 men exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero, compared to 7.8 per cent of 307 placebo-exposed controls. Analyses of the spermatozoa have revealed severe pathological changes (Eliasson score greater than 10) in 134 diethylstilbestrol-expose... | 37,351 | [
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Unilateral abdominal cryptorchidism. | The unilateral non-palpable undescended testis is considered separately from other forms of cryptorchidism. It is less likely to be fertile, it is more prone to malignancy and it is more difficult to place. Removal rather than orchiopexy often is in the best interests of the child. | 37,352 | [
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[NMR spin-echo study of behaviour dynamics of serum albumin macromolecules in aqueous solutions as a function of pH and ionic strength]. | Alteration of the intermolecular interaction in aqueous solution of human serum albumin (SA) as a result of the increase of ionic strength and pH values brings about the slowing-down of the spin-echo decay curve for protein protons (several times at high SA concentrations). A specific effect of alkaline pH was observed... | 37,429 | [
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[pH-dependence of the structural and functional properties of lactate dehydrogenase (M4). Indirect cooperativity in lactate dehydrogenase]. | The dependence of structural and functional properties of LDH on pH in the 6.0--9.0 region was investigated. There were no marked deviations of pyruvate reduction initial velocity curves from the Michaelis--Menten equation in a wide range of pyruvate concentrations. It was shown that Vmax changes negligibly in the 6.0-... | 37,431 | [
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[Electron transfer to hemoproteins. II. pH-dependence of the reduction rate of ferricytochrome c by oxymyoglobin]. | The pH-dependence of the reduction rate of ferricytochrome C by intact and chemically modified oxymyoglobins has been studied. The modification was performed with respect to histidine residues and alpha-aminogroup of N-terminal valine. Two histidine residues of myoglobin, His A10 and His GH1, are shown to take part in ... | 37,434 | [
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[Effect of alpha and beta receptor blockaders on the degree of glycemia, growth hormone content of blood and catecholamine excretion in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]. | Glycemia, growth hormone level and urinary catecholamine excretion were studied in 182 patients suffering from insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus during insulin therapy alone, and in 33 during treatment with insulin plus alpha- and beta-adrenoblockers. Under the effect of alpha-adrenoblockers glycemia proved to fall i... | 37,498 | [
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Differentiated regions of human placental cell surface associated with attachment of chorionic villi, phagocytosis of maternal erythrocytes and syncytiotrophoblast repair. | Scanning electron micrographs of human placental cell surface show: (1) Differentiated zones of trophoblast which may be covered by fewer 'microvilli' than the adjacent syncytial cell surface and which extend as a narrow, usually distal protrusion of the chorionic villus. This narrow outgrowth terminates as a fractured... | 37,520 | [
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Stress distribution in the scapula studied by neutron diffraction. | High intensity neutron beams provide a method of measuring the preferred orientation of apatite crystals in bulk samples of bone. Measurements at seven different sites on the scapula show that the c axes of the crystals lie preferentially along the directions of pull of the attached muscles. The highest orientation is ... | 37,521 | [
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Biochemical evidence of cocarcinogenesis: tumor promoting agent enhances methylnitrosourea activation of rat guanylate cyclase activity. | The two-stage or cocarcinogenic hypothesis of carcinogenesis involves an initiator (carcinogen) and a promotor (cocarcinogen) being utilized in combination to produce more tumors than either would alone. This theory was tested at the cellular level utilizing Tumor Promoting Agent, 12-0-tetradecanoly-phorbol-13-acetate... | 37,562 | [
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Research in endorphins and schizophrenia. | It has been suggested that the newly discovered endogenous opiate peptides (called endorphins) might play a role in the symptoms of schizophrenia. The administration of narcotic antagonists provides both a test of the hypothesis and a potential treatment. In this article, we review the methods by which data have been g... | 37,596 | [
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Incompatibility in vitro and in vivo demonstrated only with saline-suspended red cells. | An unusual IgG complement-binding antibody was observed in a 64-year-old man prior to surgery. This antibody was detectable by the indirect antiglobulin test when the red cells were suspended in saline, but not when they were suspended in acid citrate dextrose or albumin solutions. Positive reactions were obtained with... | 37,652 | [
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[Metabolism of dicarboxylic amino acids and their amides in bacteria of the genus Citrobacter]. | In 58 Citrobacter strains the pathways of the utilization of dicarbonic amino acids and their amides were studied. These organisms were found to be incapable of decarboxylating glutaminic and asparaginic acids, as well as their amides. All the strains could actively desamidizate asparagine. Not all of these strains sho... | 37,683 | [
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Therapeutical significance of clopimozide in the treatment of chronic psychotic patients. | This report, which concerns both an open and a double-blind study, describes the activity profile and optimum daily dose of clopimozide (R 29 764) investigated in 40 chronic psychotic patients. The results of the open study indicated that clopimozide represents an equal, if not superior, choice versus the other neurole... | 37,697 | [
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A field study of depression in old age. | The frequency and nature of depression were studied in a random sample of septuagenarians obtained from the Birth Register of the City of Helsinki. Out of 400 newborns in 1903, 261 were pronounced dead in 1973. Of the remaining 139, 106 were examined. Four were chronic mental patients. In the clinical examination of th... | 37,767 | [
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[The effect of timolol and parasympathicomimetica in the treatment of the elevated intraocular pressure (author's transl)]. | 45 patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma were tested to see if, and to what extent timolol and three other different parasympathicomimetics (pilocarpine 2%, carbachol 1.5%, aceclydine 2%) produced an supplementary reduction of the intraocular pressure. An equally marked, additional drop in eye pressu... | 37,770 | [
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A rapid kinetic assay for glucose using glucose dehydrogenase. | An automated kinetic assay for the determination of glucose in blood is described. The method employs the enzyme glucose dehydrogenase in the presence of mutarotase, with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide as hydrogen acceptor. The analytical parameters of the method are determined and the flexibility of the method in r... | 37,797 | [
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Glutathione reductase in human epidermal tumors. Basal and squamous cell epithelioma, verruca seborrhoeica. | Glutathione reductase activities, both with NADPH and NADH, were determined in basal and squamous cell epitheliomas, in verrucae seborrhoeicae and in human epidermis. Significantly elevated activites were measured in basal cell epitheliomas and in verrucae seborrhoeicae. Some properties of the enzyme were also investig... | 37,807 | [
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Lower esophageal sphincter function after highly selective vagotomy. | We evaluate whether highly selective vagotomy (HSV) might disturb functional integrity of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Special interest was directed to changes in position of the LES in relation to the diaphragm, LES pressure, and pH reflux pattern. The conditions of 20 patients were evaluated by manometric st... | 37,816 | [
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Pneumococcal disease and its prevention with polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines--a review. | Polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines have been shown to be safe, immunogenic and efficacious and are becoming available for use in patients at high risk of developing pneumococcal infections. Precise estimates of the role of the pneumococcus in human respiratory disease are difficult to obtain, as this organ... | 37,823 | [
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A syndrome resembling progressive systemic sclerosis after bone marrow transplantation. A model for scleroderma? | Six long term survivors of bone marrow transplants developed a syndrome similar to progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). Cutaneous involvement (6/6), pulmonary disease (6/6), musculoskeletal involvement (4/6), keratoconjunctivitis/positive Schirmer's test (4/6), Raynaud's phenomenon (2/6), and renal and cardiac disease... | 37,843 | [
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Pharmacological studies on 3-[gamma-(p-fluorobenzoyl)propyl]-2,3,4,4a,5,6-hexahydro-1-(H)-pyrazino ]1,2-a] quinoline hydrochloride (compound 69/183). Part III: Assessment of tranquillising activity. | The tranquillising activity of 3-[gamma-(p-fluorobenzoyl)propyl]-2,3,4,4a,5,6-hexahydro-1-(H)-pyrazino [1, 2-a]quinoline hydrochloride (centpyraquin), a new adrenergic neurone blocking antihypertensive agent, has been evaluated in various laboratory animals. The compound has a calming effect in mice, rats, cats and mon... | 37,855 | [
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... |
Comparison of diazepam and flunitrazepam as adjuncts to general anaesthesia in preventing arousal following surgical stimuli. | A comparison has been made between the effects of the administration of flunitrazepam 1 mg i.v. and diazepam 10 mg i.v. in 90 female patients undergoing abdominal surgery. The drugs were given immediately before the skin incision as a booster to the induction agent thiopentone. The response to the incision, the quality... | 37,863 | [
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Possible significance of the pharmacological differentiation of beta-blockers for therapy of hypertension. | 1 Cardioselective and non-selective beta-blockers affect to a different degree several aspects of the circulatory homeostasis. The evidence available in this regard has been evaluated and the possible clinical importance of these differences has been discussed. 2 Venous return in partly regulated by beta-receptors (pos... | 37,872 | [
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Identification, characterization and localization of a (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-activated purine nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase from calcifying cartilage. | A purine nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase (unspecified diphosphate phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.15) was chromatographically separated from the bulk of alkaline phosphatase activity by gel filtration chromatography of butanol and EDTA extracts of fracture callus and bovine epiphyseal cartilage. The callus enzyme d... | 37,914 | [
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Ultrastructure of the normal human urethra. | The normal ultrastructure of the prostatic, bulbar and penile urethra in the human is described. The human urethra contains both exocrine and what appear to be endocrine glands. Further study is in progress to define the nature and role of the secretion from these endocrine glands. | 37,977 | [
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Peripheral sensory stimulation and the release of transmitter amino acids in vivo from specific regions of cerebral cortex. | The effects of sensory stimulation on the release of amino acids from sensorimotor and visual cortex have been studied using a superfusion technique. Electrical stimulation of the brachial plexus contralateral to the superfusion cannula increased significantly the release of glutamate and glutamine from the sensorimoto... | 37,988 | [
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0.1909503... |
[Reflections on ten years' experience in the treatment of hemorrhagic colorectitis and Crohn's disease (author's transl)]. | The authors offer a critical review of eight cases of hemorrhagic colorectitis and Crohn's disease (regional ileitis) managed with medical treatments, and eleven like cases treated surgically, during the last ten years. After a discussion of the resources and limitations of medical therapy, the authors describe the var... | 38,014 | [
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Metabolic reduction of 1-nitrosoadamantane by rabbit liver microsomes. Properties of a C-nitroso reductase system. | Washed microsomes from rabbit liver reduced 1-nitrosoadamantane to N-hydroxy-1-aminoadamantane in the presence of a cofactor solution under aerobic conditions; no further reduction of the hydroxylamino metabolite to 1-aminoadamantane (amantadine) occurred. Reduced pyridine nucleotide cofactors are needed for the metabo... | 38,089 | [
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Effects of DMSO, pH, stretch and calcium on the thick filaments in an amphibian smooth muscle. | Conventional fixation with glutaraldehyde fixatives at pH 7.4 did not preserve/promote thick filaments in Bufo smooth muscle. However, if pH was lowered to 6.0, thick filaments were present and addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) led to a greater number of thick filaments. Stretch alone had little effect on the prese... | 38,120 | [
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pH and calcium concentration changes in a molluscan egg during development. | During development, the egg albumen of calcified land snail eggs becomes more and more acid, correlated directly with a constant rise in the calcium concentration of this albumen. It is suggested that the developing embryo releases some acid metabolite and the subsequent change in albumen pH aids in embryonic absorptio... | 38,136 | [
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On stability of oral poliovirus vaccines. | A stabilizer which prevents oral poliovirus from degradation is described. It contains mainly phosphate buffer 0.3 mol, at a pH of 6.7. | 38,157 | [
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National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study: adverse reactions to study drugs. | Adverse reactions to the drugs employed in the National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study were sought prospectively at each patient visit and by retrospective review of all patient charts. Prednisone caused evident side effects in over 50% of patients on high-dose suppressive therapy and in approximately one-third of p... | 38,177 | [
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Azathioprine-related pancreatitis in patients with Crohn's disease. | Pancreatitis developed in 6 patients in the National Cooperative Crohn's Disease Study. In five of these the diagnosis was confirmed by elevated levels of seum amylase or lipase. All cases were in the 113 patients who received azathioprine and occurred within the first 21 days of treatment. This incidence of pancreatit... | 38,178 | [
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Gastric acid secretion rate and buffer content of the stomach after a rice- and a wheat-based meal in normal subjects and patients with duodenal ulcer. | The study describes gastric acid secretory response to a rice-based and a wheat-based meal over a prolonged period of five hours and buffer content of the stomach in five normal and seven duodenal ulcer subjects from the rice-eating eastern Indian population. The results suggest that (1) the meal-mediated gastric acid ... | 38,191 | [
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Antacids and peptic ulcer--a reappraisal. | Antacids can reduce gastroduodenal acidity for long periods if taken in substantial quantities after food. Their healing effect on gastric ulcer is minimal, if present at all, and easily overwhelmed by the benefit obtained from admission to hospital. Intensive antacid therapy appears effective in healing duodenal ulcer... | 38,192 | [
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The reaction of solvated electrons with cytosine, 5-methyl cytosine and 2'-deoxycytidine in squeous solution. The reaction of the electron adduct intermediates with water, p-nitroacetophenone and oxygen. A pulse spectroscopic and pulse conductometric study. | Using conductivity detection, pulse radiolysis experiments showed that solvent protonation of the electron adducts of cytosine, 5-methyl cytosine and 2'-deoxycytidine occurs with rate constants k greater than or equal to 2 x 10(4) M-1S-1. The protonated electron adducts transfer an electron to p-nitroactetophenone (PNA... | 38,222 | [
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Sources of variation during collaborative evaluation of in vitro dissolution tests for two solid preparations. | Collaborative in vitro dissolution tests on a sample of commercial tolbutamide tablets and a sample of oxytetracycline capsules were carried out in eight laboratories. The two preparations tested showed differences between the products in release characteristics, particularly in the distintegration phase. This may have... | 38,310 | [
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0.01043775,... |
Isolation and identification of a fluorophore from ampicillin degradation. | A fluorescent impurity in ampicillin has been isolated and identified as 2-hydroxy-3-phenylpyrazine. The product is formed under acidic conditions similar to those employed in some fluorometric assay procedures. The mechanism of the reaction is proposed to involve cyclization by condensation of the penilloaldehyde of a... | 38,311 | [
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In-vitro differentiation of type A spermatogonia in mouse cryptorchid testis. | Cryptorchid testes from adult mice were incubated in calf serum-supplemented medium. There was an effective differentiation of adult type A spermatogonia up to the pachytene stage of meiotid division whcih resembled the process of spermatogenesis in vivo. In the absence of calf serum, type A spermatogonia did not diffe... | 38,338 | [
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Influence of immune status on virus-derived transplantable hepatoma in chickens. | The transplantable MC-29 virus-derived hepatoma is a suitable model for studying the influence of immune status on virus-derived hepatomas in chickens. It was found that both humoral and cellular immunologic reactions have a role in the pathogenesis of virus-derived hepatomas and that virus-derived hepatomas can be inf... | 38,344 | [
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Perfusion techniques of the canine pancreas for physiological and secretin response studies. | In vivo and in situ perfusion techniques of the canine pancreas for physiologic and secretin response to studies are described. We developed these modified techniques to clarify the mechanism of the pancreatic exocrine secretion. An analysis was made of some physiological parameters of the pancreas and our findings wer... | 38,354 | [
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[The sympathetic neuron: regulation mechanisms for transmitter synthesis, transmitter release, and stimulus response (author's transl)]. | A great multitude of factors acting at different sites of the afferent sympathetic nerve are capable to modify the magnitude of its stimulus-induced effects. 1) Specific receptors, located at the ganglionic synapse display inhibitory of facilitatory effects on the ganglionic transmission of the nerve impulse. 2) The ra... | 38,359 | [
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... |
[Effect of KH2PO4 on Streptococcus lactis growth and nisin synthesis when the medium is kept at a constant pH]. | When the pH of the medium was maintained at the level of 6.6--6.8 and the content of KH2PO4 in it was decreased, the biosynthetic activity of Streptococcus lactis, strain MGU, became lower. The culture assimilated low quantities of phosphorus from KH2PO4 at a high concentration of this salt in the medium; presumably, t... | 38,379 | [
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Biological autoxidation. I. Decontrolled iron: an ultimate carcinogen and toxicant: an hypothesis. | Ionic iron at physiological pH hydrolyzes into insoluble aggregates, which disperse on slight acidification. Uncontrolled ionic iron promotes autoxidation, which crosslinks biomolecules and produces destructive activated oxygen. Defenses against autoxidative crosslinking include: 1. ferritin, the macromolecular scaveng... | 38,381 | [
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Description and application of a personal ultraviolet dosimeter: a review of preliminary studies. | Preliminary work on a dosimeter suitable for measuring UVR exposure on individual persons is described. It is based on the use of polysulfone film which, on exposure, shows a change in absorbance that is determined spectrophotometrically. The results of studies of groups of persons with vastly different degrees of sola... | 38,404 | [
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Fundamental difference between the molecular interactions of agonists and antagonists with the beta-adrenergic receptor. | Antagonist binding to the beta-adrenergic receptor is largely entropy driven, with only a small enthalpy component. The binding of agonists, on the other hand, is associated with a large decrease in enthalpy which permits a highly unfavourable decrease in entropy. The thermodynamic differences between the binding of ag... | 38,405 | [
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Substance P: model studies of its binding to phospholipids. | 1. The partition of substance P (SP) between buffer solutions (pH 1.6--7.8) and an organic, phospholipid (phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl inositol and phosphatidyl choline) containing phase (chloroform:methanol 2:1) was studied. 2. The binding of SP to phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl etha... | 38,406 | [
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Etonitazene as a reinforcer for rats: increased etonitazene-reinforced behavior due to food deprivation. | Etonitazene-reinforced performance of rats was increased by food deprivation and decreased by food satiation. These changes were not due to general increases in either activity or liquid intake. | 38,472 | [
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... |
The effects of psychomotor stimulants on single-spatial alternation behavior in dogs. | Dogs were trained to pedal press for drinking water in a noncued, single-spatial alternation task. After the dogs were exhibiting stable performance at or above predetermined criteria levels, they were given three doses of four different drugs (methylphenidate, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg; d-amphetamine, 0.15, 0.3 and 0.6 ... | 38,475 | [
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... |
[Physiopathological and clinical aspects of Parkinson disease. Current problems]. | Some interpretative hypotheses of the most important symptoms of Parkinson's disease are formulated, on the ground of acquired neurohistopathologic elements and in the light of new observations of experimental neuro-physiology. The possible role of the inferior olivary body in the genesis of parkinsonian tremor is poin... | 38,498 | [
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[Kinetics of action of Vectarion. Ventilatory chemo-stimulant (author's transl)]. | Vectarion has a powerful respiratory stimulant effect in animals and in man which is manifested by a significant and lasting increase in ventilation, as shown by a marked lowering of arterial P. CO2 and an increase in blood pH. This activity is maintained in dogs with experimental alkalosis or acidosis as well as durin... | 38,508 | [
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[Therapeutical trial in recovery room (author's transl)]. | During a limited period of time, the authors have systematically administered tiapride to all patients in the immediate post-operative phase presenting with: nausea, vomiting, pain. Intravenous injection of a single dose of 400 mg of tiapride produces: a strong anti-emetic action; an inconstant analgesic action, but ve... | 38,511 | [
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0.0086479... |
Influence of long-term citro-soda ingestion on acid-base balance and blood gases. | Citro-Soda (Abbott), 4 gram every 6 hours, was administered orally over a period of 8 weeks to 20 healthy female volunteers, and its influence on acid-base, urinary pH and other biochemical parameters was assessed. The mean urinary pH increased from a basal value of 6,0 to 7,4 after 7 days, and to 7,7 after 8 weeks. Bl... | 38,519 | [
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0... |
In vitro study of phenothiazine effects on urinary bladder. | Clinical observations suggest that long-term phenothiazine therapy can cause urinary retention and stress incontinence. The phenothiazines, chlorpromazine and perchlorperazine, depress bladder smooth muscle activity in vitro by depressing bladder smooth muscle activity directly and by a peripheral cholinergic blocking ... | 38,553 | [
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0.02971837,
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-0.5528625,
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-0.08433723,
0.2326415,
0.1979868,
0.1284927,
0.120972,
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0.001844801,
-0.3955161,
0.3232995,
-0.05905881,
0.03936249,
-0.06303889,
0.1385256,
0.08926377,... |
[Properties of amylase immobilized on aerosil derivatives]. | The properties of three preparations of alpha-amylase immobilized on aminoaerosil by 2,4-toluylenediisocyanate and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as well as on carboxyaerosil by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide were compared with the properties of soluble enzyme. Under immobilization the pH-effect and pH-stability zones of... | 38,550 | [
-0.14464,
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0.1842604,
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0.6289669,
0.2231413,
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-0.05697925... |
[Relationship between interhemispheric irradiation of excitation and the individual characteristics of the animal]. | The changes in irradiation coefficient (the ratio between the value of secretion resulting from interhemispheric irradiation of secretion and the main one secreted on the side of excitation evaluated in per cent) were studied in norm and under different functional loads in dogs with exposed symmetrical parts of the ton... | 38,585 | [
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0.1936763,
... |
[Changes in alkaline and acid proteins in a chronic epileptiform focus]. | The acid and alkaline proteins were studied histochemically in neurons of the mirror epileptiform focus (frontal-parietal cortex of rats) on the 11th and 63rd days following cobalt implantation. A specific localization of such proteins was established. During experiments alkaline proteins demonstrated more marked chang... | 38,615 | [
0.139981,
0.07406551,
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0.005809476,
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... |
[Neuromediators and neuromodulators. Evolution of compounds and the evolution of hypotheses]. | Probable peculiarities of evolution of neurotransmitters (NM) and neuromodulators (NR) of various types are discussed. The hypothesis of higher evolutionary rate of peptide NM and NR, and of more diverse possibilities of the formation of this type of NM and NR is suggested. Monomolecular MN and NR are presumably more c... | 38,612 | [
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0.08309343,
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0.001025138,
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Diabetes-induced alterations of autonomic nerve function in the cat. | The susceptibility to competitive ganglionic blocking agents such as hexamethonium (C6), tetraethylammonium bromide (TEAB), mecamylamine and d-tubocurarine (d-TC), of the superior cervical ganglion in cats with pancreatectomy and spontaneous diabetes or in animals treated with contrainsular drugs such as cortisone or d... | 38,632 | [
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0.2268881,
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0.2825783,
0.1952616,... |
Inhibitory effect on gastric motility of chloroquine and mepacrine. | Measured on isolated rat-stomach fundus strips, the isolated cervical sympathetic trunk, and on the superior cervical ganglion, chloroquine and mepacrine have parasympatholytic, spasmolytic, ganglionic blocking and local anaesthetic effects. On rising the doses these manifest themselves in a given sequence. On the basi... | 38,633 | [
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0.2091513,
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0.1264748,
0... |
Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators and their mediation by cyclic nucleotides. | An effort has been made here to devise criteria allowing discrimination between neurotransmitters, modulators and mediators. However, after consideration of several technical pitfalls in studies of these criteria, and examination of the properties of two examples of neuroactive agents (norepinephrine and endorphins) of... | 38,646 | [
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0.02904805,
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... |
The protective effect of a new agent, ketotifen syrup, in the treatment of childhood asthma. | Twenty-two children with perennial extrinsic allergic asthma participated in a double-blinded, controlled, cross-over study of Ketotifen syrup during a 2 x 6-week period. The placebo was identical with the active drug in taste, colour, and consistency. The dosage level was, on weight basis, a little higher than the sta... | 38,678 | [
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0.2461769,
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0.05379432,
-0.3538225... |
[Experimental hepatic ischemia]. | Total clamping of the hepatic pedicle was performed for a period of two hours in the normothermic pig. During this time an external pulsed spleno-jugular shunt ensured effective-portal decompression. Under such conditions, the biological and histological consequences of this ischaemia were minimal and perfectly compati... | 38,702 | [
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0.2859529,
0.2895756,
0.1674773,
0.2135373,
0... |
[Histopathology of the liver in shock]. | Microscopic lesions in shock liver, examined in biopsy specimens from 20 patients, are characterised by elective involvement of the hepatic parenchyma inthe peripheral zones of the acini, with necrosis and cell loss in approximately half the cases. The particular appearance of the degenerative lesions of the hepatocyte... | 38,713 | [
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0.3223255,
0.1036538,
0.2346483,
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0.1845296,
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[Chronic urticaria. Etiologic and therapeutic evaluation of 150 cases. (author's transl)]. | The study of one hundred and fifty cases of chronic urticaria observed, gave the following results: higher female frequency, usual beginning at adult age, relative absence of digestive problems. For the last of these results we nevertheless noted numerous insignificant functional features, a few examples of colitis, a ... | 38,729 | [
0.002212141,
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0.1099747,
0.2148953,
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0.1935511,
0.09749515,
0.3851291,
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... |
The beta-glucosidase from Botryodiplodia theobromae. Mechanism of enzyme-catalysed reactions. | The effects of pH and temperature on Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax.) and of NaCl on the activity of the high-molecular-weight beta-glucosidase (beta-D-glucoside glucohydrolase EC 3.2.1.21) from cultures of Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. have been studied. 2. Donor binding and inhibition of activity... | 38,775 | [
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0.2751389,
0.7329424,
0.4894406,
-0.060351... |
Factors affecting the activity and stability of the palmitoyl-coenzyme A hydrolase of rat brain. | Palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase (EC 3.1.2.2) catalyses the irreversible hydrolysis of long-chain acyl-CoA thioesters. This enzyme is found primarily in the postmicrosomal supernatant fraction prepared from homogenates of rat brain. Either of two forms of the hydrolase, a lower-molecular-weight species of approx. 70000 or a hig... | 38,776 | [
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0.2985964,
0.07721501,
0.4043528,
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0.4064019,
0.003710798... |
[Norepinephrine turnover under neuroleptic treatment of schizophrenic syndromes (author's transl)]. | In 45 psychotic in-patients with the paranoid-hallucinatory syndrome, the psychopathology, the extrapyramidal motor disturbances and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylethyleneglycol (MHPG) in CSF were investigated. A 15-day treatment with haloperidol induced significant increase of MHPG in CSF; after 10 days clozapine treatmen... | 38,809 | [
0.007313313,
0.0852993,
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0.1220594,
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0.2515677,
0.02874069,
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0.1360328,
-... |
Membrane damage by a toxin from the sea anemone Stoichactis helianthus. I. Formation of transmembrane channels in lipid bilayers. | The addition of nanomolar amounts of a toxin preparation derived from the sea anemone Stoichactis helianthus to black lipid membranes increases their electrical conductance by one million-fold. In addition, the membranes become permeable predominantly to monovalent cations. The elevated bilayer conductance is voltage-d... | 38,841 | [
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0.04453623,
0.3923694,
0.4765085,
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Characterization of a C21 neutral steroid hormone transforming enzyme, 21-dehydroxylase, in crude cell extracts of Eubacterium lentum. | A strain of the obligate anaerobe, Eubacterium lentum, isolated from human feces, catalyzes the 21-dehydroxylation of 11-deoxycorticosterone to progesterone. A quantitative radiochromatographic assay was developed to measure 21-dehydroxylase activity in cell extracts. Maximum enzyme activity in cell extracts required b... | 38,850 | [
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0.02927957,
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0.4312065,
0.4797783,
0.3472441,
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0.07... |
Bioconversion of wheat straw and wheat straw components into single-cell protein. | Several fungi (Aspergillus niger, A. terreus, Cochliobolus specifer, Myrothecium verrucaria, Rhizoctonia solani, Spicaria fusispora, Penicillium sp., and Gliocladium sp.) were isolated from decomposing wheat straw and tested for their ability to utilize whole straw and its components, holocellulose (hemicellulose and c... | 38,899 | [
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0.0002945524,
0.332275,
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0.07145002,
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0.1753631,
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0.150151,
0.1280161,
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0.01961063,
0.06410889,
... |
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