title stringlengths 0 901 | abstract stringlengths 3 9.89k | PMID int64 22 25.3M | embedding listlengths 768 768 |
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[Effectivity control of medical postgraduate training courses (author's transl)]. | A pilot study of 185 participants of a seminar congress on psychosomatic gynecology was intended to examine how far effectivity controls are feasible. The seminar assessment was age-dependent e. g. with regard to presentation of material (p less than 0.01) and practical usefulness (p less than 0.05). The assessment was sex-specific e. g. with regard to presentation of material (p less than 0.01) and congress organization (p less than 0.01). The interest in the seminar differed between gynecologists in general practice and those in clinic or hospital practice. Four fifths of the participants would agree to a detailed questionnaire on seminar assessment. Then the majority would accept effectivity controls of medical postgraduate education with social scientific methods. | 105,282 | [
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Failure to thrive associated with renal disease. | Failure to thrive is a clinical syndrome usually associated with severely reduced increments in height and weight. It is commonly present in patients with chronic renal failure and occurs occasionally in patients with recurrent urinary-tract infections or tubular disorders. Renal osteodystrophy, protein-calorie malnutrition, and chronic glucocorticoid administration have been shown to be important causes of growth failure in patients with renal disease. Altered hormone production, metabolism, or peripheral utilization and acidosis may be causally related to growth failure. Such factors as anemia and hypos-thenuria appear to play no direct role. | 105,338 | [
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An unusual complication of subclavian vein catheterization for total parenteral nutrition. | A 25-year-old woman with diabetic ketoacidosis and esophagitis was given total parenteral nutrition to improve her nutritional status. A central venous catheter inserted in the right subclavian vein was well tolerated for three weeks, when infection developed. The line was replaced by a left subclavian line. Within an hour the patient complained of back pain. A chest x-ray film showed that the tip of the catheter was to the left of the mediastinum and that left pleural effusion was present. The line was removed and 1,500 cc of fluid was removed from the left pleural space. The pleural fluid cleared gradually over several days and the patient became asymptomatic. | 105,346 | [
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DNA clones containing mouse immunoglobulin kappa chain genes isolated by in vitro packaging into phage lambda coats. | Endonuclease EcoRI-digested DNAs from BALB/c mouse embryos and MOPC 321 (a kappa chain secretor) myeloma were fractionated by agarose gel electrophoresis, and the DNA fragments containing part or all of the MOPC 321 kappa chain structural gene sequences were visualized by the Southern gel blotting technique using as the hybridization probes pCRI plasmids containing all or part of the enzymatically synthesized cDNA transcripts of the MOPC 321 kappa chain mRNA. The clear differences observed in the hybridization patterns of the two DNAs are in agreement with our previously reported results obtained with endonuclease BamHI and confirms that the sequence arrangement of kappa chain genes is different in the embryo and myeloma cells. We have cloned most of the kappa-sequence-positive EcoRI DNA fragments in Charon 4A phage by using the highly efficient in vitro phage lambda DNA packaging method, and we have characterized the cloned mouse DNA sequences by agarose gel blotting and R-loop mapping in electron microscopy. These studies identified, among others, one EcoRI DNA fragment which contains both variable and constant immunoglobulin kappa-gene sequences and is present only in the myeloma DNA. The two sequences are separated by a 2.8-kbase intron. We tentatively conclude that the kappa gene sequences on this DNA fragment underwent somatic rearrangement. | 105,355 | [
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Plasmodium knowlesi-induced antigens in membranes of parasitized rhesus monkey erythrocytes. | Highly purified Plasmodium knowlesi schizonts were used to produce a hyperimmune anti-parasite serum in a rhesus monkey. Proteins of membranes from normal and P. knowlesi-infected erythrocytes, as well as purified schizonts, were solubilized in 1% Triton X-100 and analyzed by bidimensional electrophoretic techniques. Of seven parasite-specific antigens identified in membranes of parasitized erythrocytes by crossed immune electrophoresis against monkey anti-parasite serum, only three could be detected in the purified schizonts. Bidimensional focusing-dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of membranes from parasitized cells revealed three proteins, in the 55,000-90,000 molecular weight region, with isoelectric points between pH 4.5 and pH 5.2, that could not be detected in normal membranes or purified schizonts. Membranes of normal erythrocytes and uninfected erythrocytes that had been incubated with sera from monkeys with 25-50% parasitemia did not react with the monkey anti-parasite serum. | 105,359 | [
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Parenteral nutrition in toxic septic states. | An analysis is made of two groups each of 20 patients with toxic septic states and hypercatabolic renal failure, who were given parenteral nutrition for at least 3 days. Each group was divided into two subgroups, given glucose, 13--20 and 20--27 kcal. 24 h--1 kg--1 body weight; the second subgroup was also given nitrogen-containing infusions of 0.05--0.12 or 0.12--0.17 g of N 24--1/kg--1 body weight, the total calorie intake amounting to 23--28 and 28--33 kcal. 24 h--1 kg--1 respectively, with nitrogen amounting to 150--400 kcal./g. A mean daily decrease of blood urea of 9.2 mg/100 ml was recorded, together with a positive catabolism in the series given nitrogen, and a rise of 0.8 mg/100 ml with negative catabolic index in the series fed with glucose (P less than 0.01); there were similar nitrogen losses in both the series, corrected by catabolism formula. The results demonstrated a decreased rate of catabolism in patients fed with a diet containing nitrogenous compounds. | 105,385 | [
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[Effect of polychlorinated biphenyls in the rat. III - PCB distribution, storage and elimination relation time (author's transl)]. | The study of accumulation and elimination of Phenoclor DP6 (a commercial PCB mixture) was carried out in three experiments : 1) Rats were fed diet containing 100 ppm of DP6 and were sacrificed after 1, 3, 8, 15 and 30 days. 2) Rats fed DP6 diet during 15 days were subsequently fed with a control diet and sacrificed 8, 15, 52 and 78 days after removal DP6 diet. 3) Bile was collected from surgically treated rats fed DP6 diet during 15 days. Polychlorobiphenyls were spotted in fat carcasses, liver, brain, kidney, muscle, feces and urine to determine absorption, distribution in the animal organism and the clearence rates in urine and feces. We found a very hight DP6 absorption and retention. The low excretion and metabolisation of DP6 result in low decrease after removal DP6 diet. | 105,428 | [
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The McCormick Family Planning Program in Chiang Mai, Thailand. | The McCormick Family Planning Program is a private, single-purpose program that has been offering contraceptive services to women in largely rural Chiang Mai province in Northern Thailand since 1963. In addition to two clinics in Chiang Mai city, the program operates a mobile unit, which visits service points throughout the province. An injectable contraceptive, DMPA, has been selected by about two-thirds of program acceptors since 1965, despite its prevalent side effect of amenorrhea. The service generates sufficient revenues, from relatively low fees for sterilization and contraception, to cover most operating costs. The program is seen as successful in providing rural women with contraceptives services. Aspects of the program--particularly the use of DMPA and the mobile service unit--are considered replicable in other settings. | 105,432 | [
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Purine nucleotide metabolism in promastigotes of Leishmania tropica: inhibitory effect on allopurinol and analogues of purine nucleosides. | The catabolism of adenosine 5'-monophosphate in promastigotes of L. tropica suggests the presence of a parasite specific pathway. In continuing the investigation on enzymes of this pathway two purine nucleoside cleaving enzymes have been found, adenosine phosphorylase and inosine nucleosidase. Various purine nucleoside analogues inhibited the activity of both enzymes. A mode of action of the growth inhibition of L. tropica promastigotes by allopurinol has been suggested on the basis of Michaelis and inhibitor constants. | 105,434 | [
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Ruthenium red binding to cell coat in neoplastic neurogenic cell lines in culture. | The cell coat of cultivated fetal rat brain cells as well as malignant rat neurogenic cell lines in culture were studied by transmission electron microscopy with the ruthenium red staining technique. Some of the transformed cell lines demonstrated alteration in the bindng properties of ruthenium red to the cell surface. Otherwise no significant correlation between the visualized cell coat thickness and neoplastic transformation was noted. | 105,464 | [
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[Platelet function during long term inhibition of labour by fenoterol/verapamil (author's transl)]. | Platelet function has been studied in 22 patients (methods according to Born and Breddin) during tocolysis with long term administration of intravenous Fenoterol/Verapamil. The extend and speed of platelet aggregation, according to the Born test, were constant in the following 12 days except for a small increase on the second day. The phase of disaggregation remained unchanged. The reaction time to collagen was prolonged up to the 3rd-4th day. Spontaneous platelet aggregation showed a tendency to decrease up to day 3--4; thereafter, there was a return to the original values. The present data show that a hemostatic action in platelet function cannot be expected during long term tocolysis. Thus, there is no evidence that Fenoterol acts as an inhibitor of platelet aggregation in pregnancy. | 105,482 | [
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Nitrates and ectopic ventricular activity in mitral valve prolapse: clinical and experimental data. | Three patients with mitral valve prolapse, high grade ventricular arrhythmias and a strong family history of sudden death were studied utilizing continuous Ecg monitoring and intracardiac stimulation and recording techniques. Analysis of 6-hour ambulatory Ecgs revealed frequent premature ventricular beats (PVBs) including repetitive and multiform PVBs in each patient. The electrophysiological studies demonstrated normal parameters of intracardiac conduction and refractoriness providing no evidence for reentrant mechanisms. Acute drug testing with 0.4 mg sublingual nitroglycerin completely suppressed all ventricular arrhythmias. During maintenance therapy antiarrhythmic nitrate efficacy was only partly confirmed monitoring the effects of 4 x20 mg isosorbide dinitrate on 6-hour ambulatory Ecgs. The electrophysiological parameters of intracardiac conduction and refractoriness were not significantly altered by 0.4 mg sublingual nitroglycerin. Experimental data obtained from isolated rabbit atria and canine ventricles revealed no significant action of nitroglycerin in the parameters of cardiac automaticity and conduction including transmembrane electrical activity of normal and hypoxically damaged SA nodal, atrial and ventricular fibers. It is concluded that a) PVBs in patients with mitral prolapse appear related to ectopic automaticity; b)nitrates may suppress ventricular ectopy in these patients; c) antiarrhythmic nitrate efficacy is not related to direct membrane effects. | 105,483 | [
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[Treatment of impending and manifested respiratory distress syndrome in newborn infants using a simple nasal CPAP-system]. | The modification of a simple nasal CPAP-system is described. Results in therapy of respiratory distress syndrom with this method are discussed. | 105,508 | [
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Isolation and properties of enzymes involved in prostaglandin biosynthesis. | Prostaglandin (PG) endoperoxide synthetase was purified until homogeneity had been attained. The pure enzyme displays both cyclooxygenase and peroxidase activity, in accordance with the work of MIYAMOTO et al. (J. biol. Chem. 252, 2629--2636 (1976)). This enzyme therefore converts arachidonic acid into PGH2. Glutathione S-transferases, in the presence of glutathione, convert PGH2 into a mixture of PGF2alpha, PGE2 and PGD2. A new transferase in sheep lung gives mainly PGF2alpha and PGD2. Isolation and properties of these enzymes will be discussed. Finally, progress will be reported on the isolation of a soluble enzyme from various rat organs such as lung and spleen, which forms almost exclusively prostaglandin D. | 105,525 | [
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Suppression of uterine motor activity by prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor Naproxen. | Rats were ovariectomized on day 16 of pregnancy and they were fitted with a pressure sensor uterine microballoon assembly and were given a daily dose of Naproxen-sodium. Daily uterine activity recordings were taken and subjected to statistical analysis and the rats were carefully checked for either aborting or delivering their fetuses. Our data showed that Naproxen treatment effectively and significantly prevented the autocatalytic evolution of the uterine motor activity and the regulatory "see-saw" of progesterone and prostaglandins was rebalanced at a lower level. | 105,529 | [
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[Pulse cytophotometrical investigations about the resistance of DNA against acid hydrolysis influenced by ageing and cortisol (author's transl)]. | The resistance of nuclear chromatin against acid hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid was studied in cell nuclei of different organs from young and old rats and after application of cortisol. Suspensions of cell nuclei from liver, spleen, kidney, heart muscle and mucosa from small intestine were stained with ethidium bromide without and after hydrolysis. The relative fluorescence intensity (FI) of every pair was measured by flow through cytophotometry. Always the FI of the diploid peaks of the hydrolysed samples was diminished. The resistance against hydrolysis was greater in old animals than in young. After application of cortisol in vivo in all organs, except in the liver, the resistance against hydrolysis was increased. Only the nuclei of liver from old animals showed a diminution of resistance after cortisol. It is assumed, that the greater resistance in age is due to the diminished functional ability of the nuclear chromatin. In the most organs, the inhibitory activity of cortisol to the cell metabolism is known, only in the liver cell it stimulates the synthesis of RNA and protein. This is in agreement with our findings. | 105,551 | [
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[Some notes on the specifity of the fluorescence histochemical demonstration of GABA (author's transl)]. | The distribution of the GABA in the Purkinje cells of the rat cerebellum was demonstrated by means of modified fluorescence histochemical method according to WOLMAN (1971). Three types of Purkinje cells, with respect to their fluorescence intensity and GABA distribution, were evident. The GABA-fluorescence was strikingly by pharmacological pretreatment. Isonicotinic acid hydrazide, Penicillamine and Chlorpromazine cause a granulation and marked reduction of the fluorescence compound, being normally homogeneous. | 105,559 | [
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Preliminary results in the immunization of Irus monkeys against dental caries. | Twelve Irus monkeys were divided into four groups which were immunized with placebo, two cell wall preparations and one vaccine containing a glucosyltransferase preparation of S. mutans. After 310 days of challenge by a cariogenic diet, the caries score in all the immunized animals was below that of the controls. Furthermore, the protected animals were characterized by a high specific serum titer against the antigens used for immunization and the extension of plaque seemed to be smaller when compared with the controls. | 105,573 | [
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Stability of oral liquid penicillins in unit dose containers at various temperatures. | The effect of freezing on the stability of reconstituted, unit dose packaged oral amoxicillin trihydrate and ampicillin suspensions and penicillin V potassium solutions was studied. Powders for suspension or solution of the three penicillins were reconstituted according to manufacturers' directions to yield a concentration of 250 mg/5 ml. Samples of 5 ml then were stored in amber, screw-cap, glass vials at 25 C, 5 C, 0 C, -10 C or -20 C for 5, 10, 20, 30 or 60 days. The concentration of active constituents remaining after storage was determined spectrophotometrically. All three penicillins retained at least 90% of their original activity for at least 60 days when stored at -20 C. Ampicillin and pencillin V potassium retained at least 90% of their activity after 60 days of storage at -10 C but amoxicillin concentration decreased to 88% and 87% of initial concentration after 60 days storage at -10 C and 0 C, respectively. Degradation appeared to be by a zero-order process for amoxicillin and ampicillin and by a first-order process for penicillin V potassium. It appears that oral solutions of amoxicillin, ampicillin and penicillin V potassium can be effectively stored for at least 50 days in a freezer at -10 C with little loss of activity. | 105,636 | [
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[The emergency treatment of a recent burn of the oesophagus (author's transl)]. | The emergency treatment of an oesophageal burn consist of: -- avoidance of a certain number of measures which may be considered to be dangerous or useless: gastric lavage, emetic agents, neutralising agents or oesophageal antacids; -- the treatment of shock and of oesophageal and gastric complications, in cases of massive ingestion in which the prognosis may be improved only by active, thorough and prolonged intensive therapy; -- attempting to prevent the development of subsequent stenosis following massive ingestions. The majority of authors are in agreement concerning the usefulness of early assessment by oesophagoscopy. There exists a certain amount of discord concerning the use of a calibrating oesophageal tube and the usefulness of corticosteroid therapy. | 105,660 | [
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Brucella cultures typed by the Who Brucellosis Centre at the Commonwealth Serum Laboratories, Melbourne. | Results of the typing of Brucella cultures received at the WHO Brucellosis Centre, CSL, Melbourne, from 1968-1976 are presented. The distribution of the biotypes of cultures recovered throughout Australia is shown on a host and State basis and atypical cultures are discussed. Cultures identified from Australia were Br. abortus, biotypes 1, 2 and 4 and Strain 19; Br. suis, biotype 1 and Br. ovis. Br. melitensis biotypes 1, 2 and 3 were recorded only as exotic human infections from the Mediterranean area and from laboratory infections. Br. abortus, biotype 1 was the most common bovine and human isolate and was found in horses, a goat and a sheep. There was a low incidence of Br. abortus, biotype 2 in cattle and it was found in 1 horse. Br. abortus, biotype 3 was not found in Australia but was submitted from Tanzania. Br. abortus, biotype 4 was rare in cattle and was found once in a horse. Br. abortus, Strain 19 was found occasionally in cattle and once from a test guinea pig. Br. suis, biotype 1 was found in both man and pigs in Queensland and New South Wales whereas biotype 3 was isolated only in New Guinea from pigs and cattle. Br. ovis was submitted from 3 States. Br. canis has not been found in Australia. | 105,700 | [
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Affinity labelling with a deaminatively generated carbonium ion. Kinetics and stoicheiometry of the alkylation of methionine-500 of the lacZ beta-galactosidase of Escherichia coli by beta-D-galactopyranosylmethyl-p-nitrophenyltriazene. | 1. beta-D-Galactopyranosylmethyl-p-nitrophenyltriazene is an active-site-directed irreversible inhibitor of Mg2+-bound and Mg2+-free lacZ beta-galactosidase from Escherichia coli. 2. The Mg2+-enzyme binds the inhibitor more tightly but the complex then decomposes less rapidly than is the case with Mg2+-free enzyme. 3. Loss of enzyme activity is a linear function of the fraction of enzyme protomers to which are attached beta-D-galactopranosyl[14C]methyl residues: complete inactivation of fully active enzyme results in incorporation of 0.91 equivalent of carbohydrate label per enzyme protomer. 4. When the beta-galactopyranosylmethyl cation is generated in the active site of Mg2+-enzyme, it is captured essentially completely by the protein, but in the active site of Mg2+-free enzyme it is only captured with an efficiency of 25%. 5. Labelled enzyme was carboxymethylated and digested with trypsin; acidic hydrolysis of the isolated tryptic peptide, and field-desorption mass spectrometry of the isolated radioactive derivative, showed it to be 2,5-dioxo-3[2-(beta-D-galactopyranosylmethylthio)ethyl]-1,6-trimethylenepiperazine. 6. This is considered to have arisen from labelling of the sulphur atom of a methionine residue adjacent to a proline residue. 7. The complete amino acid sequence of the molecule [Fowler & Zabin (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 1507-1510] enables the labelled methionine residue to be identified as either Met-421 or Met-500. 8. Sequence data [Fowler, Zabin, Sinnott & Smith (1978) J. Biol. Chem. in the press] show the site of attack to be Met-500. | 105,721 | [
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Extracellular labeling of growing secreted polypeptide chains in Bacillus subtilis with diazoiodosulfanilic acid. | Studies of the mechanism of protein secretion in a Gram-positive bacterium, Bacillus subtilis, yielded results very similar to those previously obtained with a Gram-negative organism: nascent chains protruding from protoplasts could be labeled extracellularly; the labeled chains could be recovered on polysomes isolated from the membrane--polysome fraction; they could be released by puromycin, low Mg2+, or chain completion; the completed chains include a known secreted protein (alpha-amylase); and their ribosomes appear to be attached to membrane solely by their nascent chains. The reagent used for extracellular labeling, [1252]diazoiodosulfanilic acid, yielded severalfold more specific labeling of the nascent chains (7--10% of the total cellular labeling and one-fourth to one-third of that of the membrane--polysome fraction) than was obtained earlier with another nonpenetrating reagent. | 105,750 | [
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Structural and antigenic studies of an idiotype-bearing murine antibody to the arsonate hapten. | Mice of strain A/J responded to repeated intraperitoneal injection of Limulus hemocyanin derivatized with arsanilic acid by producing large quantities (approximately 5 mg/mL of ascites fluid) of IgG antibodies specific for this hapten. The antibodies possessed a characteristic idiotypic determinant and exhibited restricted heterogeneity as demonstrated by isoelectric focusing and primary N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of isolated light and heavy polypeptide chains. Both light- and heavy-chain sequences were comparable to those of myeloma proteins in lack of heterogeneity. The N terminus of the light chain exhibited V KI sequence and only one position in the first 30 residues showed more than one amino acid. No variability was observed in the first 10 N-terminal residues of the heavy chain. Rabbit antiserum to the idiotype blocked binding of hapten by the purified antibody. The presence of both light- and heavy-chain antigenic determinants was required for optimal formation of the idiotypic determinant. | 105,755 | [
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Early postoperative feeding with elemental diet. | The value of early postoperative feeding with an elemental diet was assessed in 30 patients after major gastrointestinal operations. The patients were allocated at random to conventional treatment (control group) or feeding with the elemental diet (ED group). The clinical and metabolic course of the 15 patients in the ED group was significantly better than that of the controls. Patients in the ED group lost less weight and had a shorter stay in hospital. Negative nitrogen balance was more pronounced in the control group throughout the seven postoperative days. Energy intake was higher in the ED group. Provided elemental feeding is used with caution, it may be given from the first postoperative day. Patients do better metabolically and require shorter stays in hospital. | 105,777 | [
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Origin of the fornix system in the squirrel monkey. | Wit the use of the horseradish peroxidase retrograde axonal transport technique this experiment attempted to identify the cell bodies of origin whose axons supply the septal area, mammillary bodies and the anterior thalamic complex in the squirrel monkey. It was noted that axons which innervate the anterior thalamic complex arise predominantly from the deepest cell layer of both the retrosplenial cortex and adjoining portions of subicular cortex. Hippocampal afferents to the mammillary bodies arise principally from all cell layers of the subiculum proper and to a lesser extent from the presubiculum. Afferents which innervate the septal area originate from all cell fields of the cornu Ammonis and adjacent prosubicular cortex. It was further noted that axons which are distributed to caudal levels of the septum probably arise from both the cornu Ammonis and adjacent prosubiculum, whereas axons which innervate more rostral levels of septum originate exclusively from the prosubicular cortex. | 105,779 | [
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Nucleolar changes in response to dietary protein malnutrition in the neurons of the motor cerebral cortex and cerebellum of squirrel moneky Saimiri sciureus. | Nucleolo-cytoplasmic relationships have been studied in healthy squirrel monkeys and those subjected to a known degree of protein malnutrition. In the latter group, thirty-two pregnant animals starting from 35 days of gestation and 24 young adult animals were given a diet containing 7.5% and 2.0% protein content, respectively, compared to a diet with 25% protein for the controls. The motor cortex and the cerebellum removed from neonates as well as young adult animals sacrificed after 9, 11, 13 and 15 weeks of feeding schedules were investigated. Four animals after 15 weeks of dietary protein deprivation were rehabilitated with a balanced diet over a year's period. Formaldehyde-fixed as well as fresh frozen tissues were used for the histological study and to employ histochemical techniques for the demonstration of lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and enzymes of various metabolic cycles. As a result of protein malnutrition, the nucleolus in a majority of the neurons from the motor cortex and the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum undergoes a series of morphological and cytochemical transformations in response to cytoplasmic changes related to impaired protein metabolism. The greater the level of protein deprivation, the greater is the degree of cytoplasmic chromatolysis and more pronounced are the nucleolar transformation in terms of enlarged size, secretory activity and transfer of nucleolar material in the cytoplasm. The nucleolar buds located close to the periphery of the nuclear membrane and the nucleolar material in the cytoplasm show identical cytochemical nature except for the presence of DNA in the former. It appears that during migration through the nuclear membrane the nucleolar material loses its DNA component and only aggregates of ribosomes and protein pass into cytoplasm, which aid in the synthesis of specific proteins lost as a result of catabolic processes initiated by protein malnutrition. Most of the observed changes in the adult squirrel monkeys are reversed when they are rehabilitated with a balanced diet. | 105,809 | [
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[Purfication and molecular weight of an RNA-dependant RNA polymerase from Brassicae oleracea var. Botrytis]. | An RNA-dependent RNA polymerase has been completely purified from Cauliflower inflorescences. Analysis of the purified enzyme on SDS-polyacrylamide gels showed one polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 140,000 dalton. The enzyme is monomeric in its native state. The in vitro activity was completely dependent on added RNA, the most efficient templates being poly (U), poly (U, C), poly (I) and viral RNA. | 105,817 | [
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[Experimental cholera in monkeys]. | The immune response to Vibrio cholerae was studied in baboons, rhesus monkeys and marmosets inoculated by the oral, intraintestinal or intravenous route with various strains of V. cholerae. Sera were collected from all animals on days 2, 6, 10, 17, 24, 32, 45 and 60 after infection. Serum protein, immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, IgM), GOT, and alkaline phosphatases were determined. The results showed that baboons and rhesus monkeys were not susceptible to cholera infection under these experimental conditions. However, we were able to induce a lethal cholera infection in cotton-topped marmosets. In baboons and rhesus monkeys serum IgG levels decreased significantly following inoculation with V. cholerae; however, the ratio of GOT, alkaline phosphatase and antibodies against toxin were only slightly modified. | 105,813 | [
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Pharyngocutaneous fistulae following total laryngectomy. | Postoperative pharyngocutaneous fistula formation is a troublesome complication in head and neck surgery and occurred in 8 out of 53 patients following a total laryngectomy (15%). The incidence falls within the lower range of that reported in the literature (6-66%). Different factors which may influence the formation of fistulae were analysed. Factors which seem to increase fistula formation are previous full dose radiotherapy (Co60), residual carcinoma and surgical technique. | 105,826 | [
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Comparison of placebo, nitroglycerin, and isosorbide dinitrate for effectiveness of relief of angina and duration of action. | Each of 13 patients with angina had either chewable isosorbide dinitrate, nitroglycerin (sublingual therapy), or placebo administered on each of three different days when mild anginal pain had been induced by walking on a treadmill. Both therapy with isosorbide dinitrate and therapy with nitroglycerin were effective in bringing about complete relief of the angina in less than ten minutes of uninterrupted continuous walking on the treadmill in 11 of the 13 subjects, while administration of placebo afforded complete relief in none. The duration of action of the drug was determined by following the first effort (during which the tested drug was given) by successive ten-minute walks at the same workload that first induced anginal pain. Half-hour resting periods separated the repeated periods of exercise, and the duration of action was taken to be the time from administration of the agent to the return of angina on one of the repetitive efforts. No prolonged protection was afforded by administration of the placebo. Nitroglycerin protected for slightly longer than one hour, while isosorbide dinitrate protected for 2 1/2 to 3 hours. | 105,834 | [
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Effect of somatostatin on parathyroid hormone and calcitonin secretion. | This study evaluated the effect of somatostatin on immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and calcitonin (iCT) secretion in vivo in rats and monkeys and on iPTH secretion in vitro by normal bovine parathyroid tissue and by a human parathyroid adenoma. Somatostatin infusion promptly (within 0.5 h) suppressed both iPTH and iCT in both species studied in vivo, the suppression being progressive during the infusion period. In in vitro studies, somatostatin caused significant dose-related decreases in basal, low Ca-stimulated, and high Ca-suppressed PTH secretion from normal bovine parathyroid tissue and from basal and low Ca-stimulated PTH secretion from a human parathyroid adenoma. Therefore, somatostatin 1) suppresses both PTH and CT secretion in vivo; 2) acts directly on the parathyroid cell and presumably directly on the C-cell also; 3) acts upon normal and adenomatous parathyroid tissue; 4) suppresses basal, low Ca-stimulated and high Ca-suppressed PTH secretion; and 5) has a dose-related effect. The possible role of somatostatin in the physiological control of PTH and CT secretion (and therefore in Ca homeostasis), and in the pathogenesis of abnormalities of Ca homeostasis, requires further evaluation. | 105,871 | [
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Gonadotropin releasing hormone release from the rat hypothalamus: dependence on membrane depolarization and calcium influx. | Release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was studied by incubating individual rat hypothalami for 60 min, after a 30-min preincubation period, and measuring GnRH in the medium by immunoassay. During the 1 h of incubation, endogenous GnRH release was linear and exogenous GnRH was not destroyed. Membrane depolarization produced by increasing the medium potassium concentration to 60 mM increased GnRH release to 200-500% of control. Membrane depolarization produced by adding 10(-5) or 10(-4) M ouabain increased GnRH release to 200% of control. Melatonin (10(-7) M) and prostaglandin E2 (4 X 10(-4) M) Aslo stimulated GnRH release to 200% and 170% of control, respectively. Inhibition of calcium influx by omission of medium calcium and addition of 0.05 M EDTA reduced GnRH release to 50% of control. Both no calcium-EDTA medium and verapamil (10(-5) M) prevented the stimulation of GnRH release by 60 mM potassium, 10(-3) M melatonin, and 4 X 10(-4) M prostaglandin E2. We conclude that hypothalamic GnRH release depends on membrane depolarization and calcium influx, as does the secretion of hormones from other endocrine tissues. | 105,888 | [
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The effect of L-DOPA administration on thyrotropin (TSH) and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) levels in serum in primary or pituitary hypothyroidism. | The effect of acute administration of L-DOPA on TSH and TRH levels in serum was studied in primary or pituitary hypothyroidism. TRH levels in serum fell and then returned to initial levels after L-DOPA administration in primary or pituitary hypothyroidism. TSH levels in serum fell and then returned to initial levels after L-DOPA administration in primary hypothyroidism. T4 and T3 levels in serum did not change after L-DOPA administration in primary or pituitary hypothyroidism. These data suggested that L-DOPA might act directly to hypothalamus. | 105,899 | [
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The relation between insulin and adipocyte insulin receptors during treatment of human obesity. | Seventeen obese patients were submitted to 1 week's severe then 3 months moderate dietary restriction. The glycaemic and insulinaemic response to oral glucose was measured at baseline, after 1 week and at 3 months, and the results related to adipocyte insulin receptors estimated from fat biopsies taken on each occasion and to the weight lost. Adipocyte insulin binding was found to be significantly inversely correlated with the insulinaemic response to oral glucose (r = -0.54, P less than 0.05), an inverse relationship maintained even after weight loss had been achieved and displayed within as well as between subjects. Variation of 125I-insulin binding to adipocytes was related to receptor number and not to receptor affinity and could not be accounted for by differences in 125I-insulin degradation. Adipose cell size did not correlate significantly either with the insulinaemic response or with cell surface receptor density. The findings suggest: (1) that a significant proportion of obese subjects are not hyperinsulinaemic and that their metabolic response to weight reduction may differ from that of those who are hyperinsulinaemic; (2) that reduced insulin binding to adipocytes in the obese reflects hyperinsulinaemia, when present, and not adiposity as such; (3) that the degree of insulinaemia is a major determinant of the cell surface receptor density. | 105,908 | [
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Studies on the turnover of endogenous cathodal trypsinogen in man. | The concentration in serum of cathodal trypsinogen has been studied in certain clinical and experimental situations. The concentration correlated with pancreatic amylase activity. Low levels were found in patients with malabsorption due to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. The concentration rose after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic examinations (ERCP). After ERCP, however, no trypsin was detected complexed with protease inhibitors, as is generally found in acute pancreatitis. The trypsinogen concentration in serum also rose in renal failure indicating a renal elimination route for the endogenous trypsinogen. | 105,910 | [
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Blood-brain barrier permeability during shortlasting intravascular hyperosmolality. | Blood-brain barrier permeability for 24Na+ and 36Cl- ions and for 3HOH was studied during isoosmolality and during shortlasting intravascular hyperosmolality in twenty-five patients using the double indicatir single injection method. Hyperosmolality was induced by a rapid injection into the internal carotid artery of 8 ml of one of the following hypertonic solutions: 5% saline, 25% mannitol or a contrast medium of the metrizoat group (Isopaque-amine 280). The extractions of the small sodium and chloride ions remained unchanged and essentially zero indicating that 'opening' of the blood-brain barrier did not occur. The blood-brain barrier permeability to water remained unchanged during hyperosmolality, but the extraction of 3HOH increased when mannitol and especially when Isopaque-amine 280 was used as hypertonic agent corresponding to the lower water concentration in these solutions. | 105,911 | [
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Effect of muscle spasms on blood gases and acid-base status in tetanus patients. | Blood gas tensions and acid-base status were determined in six patients with tetanus before and after the onset of severe muscle spasms. Hypoxaemia and metabolic acidosis present in all the patients, were worsened by muscle spasms. It is suggested that frequent measurements of blood gases should be carried out where such facilities are available. | 105,916 | [
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I. Functional properties of neurons in lateral part of associative area 7 in awake monkeys. | The lateral part of area 7, area 7b, of alert, behaving macaque monkeys was investigated using transdural microelectrode recording technique. Two hundred twenty-eight cells from five hemispheres of four monkeys were isolated and studied. The functional properties of 2% of the cells isolated remained unidentified. Functions of the identified cells were prominently related to the spatial control of arm movements. Of the cells 70% responded to somatosensory (40%) or visual (16%) or both somatosensory and visual (14%) stimulation. The receptive fields of these passively drivable cells were large, covering e.g., the arm or leg or chest or even the skin of the whole body. Most of the visually drivable cells responded to stimuli in both halves of the visual field. Of the cells responding to sensory stimulation 80% were activated by stimuli moving in a certain direction. Of the directionally selective cells 25% received information through more than one sensory channel. The complex stimulus-response relationships of these "convergence" cells revealed the existence of an integrative system which analyzes the direction of a stimulus moving in one sensory system using an other sensory system as a reference. Of all the cells isolated 28% discharged only during active movements of the arms (25%) or eyes (3%). Firing of these neurons was related to contraction of a functionally uniform group of muscles and not individual muscles. Some previous investigations of the parietal association cortex, conducted mainly in area 7a, have shown that most cells were active only when the monkey himself moves his eyes or arms. In our study on area 7b most cells responded to passive stimulation. The discrepancy between the results indicates functional differentiation within area 7. | 105,918 | [
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The cingular vocalization pathway in the squirrel monkey. | In 39 squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus), the effects of various brain lesions on vocalizations elicited from the precallosal cingulate gyrus were tested. It was found that lesions abolishing the "cingular vocalization" completely can be traced from the stimulation site continuously down to the laryngeal motoneurons in the nucleus ambiguus. The pathway thus determined (Fig. 4) travels from the precallosal cingulate gyrus through the frontal white matter and enters the internal capsule from a dorsolateral position. The pathway then follows this structure in a medio-caudal direction down to the caudal diencephalon. Here, the effective lesions leave the corticospinal tract and ascend dorsally into the periaqueductal grey. The pathway follows this structure to its end where it sweeps lateral through the parabrachial area and then descends through the lateral pons and ventrolateral medulla to the nucleus ambiguus. In nine of the animals, in addition, the effects of bilateral anterior cingular lesions on vocalizations elicited in other brain areas were tested. It was found that the only vocalization-eliciting area which becomes ineffective after destruction of the anterior cingulate gyrus is the postero-medial orbital cortex. | 105,921 | [
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[Piecewise Fourier analysis of images and the role of the occipital, temporal and parietal cortex in visual perception]. | On the basis of previously published data, a neuronal scheme of organization of the visual perception in the cerebral cortex, is suggested. An idea of neuronal module is introduced: a cylinder of cortical neurons whose receptive fields are directed towards the same area of the visual field and respond to different spatial frequencies and orientations. A system of overlapping modules is able of piece--wise Fourier--description of portions of the image. The modules of the Clare--Bishop area are composed of receptive fields of different size. Owing to that each neuron of the module projects inhibitory influence upon other neurons, the module acts as a filter picking out the texture. Therefore, the modules of the Clare--Bishop area single out and supply Fourier--description of subimages, the latters being characterized by the same local spectrum within their own limits. The lower portiön of temporal cortex performs a rough identification of subimages and images with the aid of systems of learning neurons. The parietal cortex conforms the description from temporal cortex to the complete description in the modules of occipital cortex, thus performing the transition from an image to a concrete picture. | 105,939 | [
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Regulation of newly evolved enzymes. IV. Directed evolution of the Ebg repressor. | In Escherichia coli, the wild-type repressor of ebg (evolved beta-galactosidase) enzyme synthesis, specified by the ebgR+ gene, responds very weakly to lactulose (fructose-beta-D-galactopyranoside). Selection for a functional repressor that responds strongly to lactulose as an inducer reveals the existence of ebgR+L mutants, which occur spontaneously at a frequency of about 2 X 10(-10) . EBGR+L mutants are pleiotropic in that they specify ebg repressor with a greatly increased response to lactulose, lactose, galactose-arabinoside and methyl-galactoside as inducers. Selection of ebgR+L mutants is discussed within the framework of directed evolution of a regulatory function. | 105,963 | [
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Inhibition of photo-induced Trichoderma viride conidiation by inhibitors of RNA synthesis. | The photo-induced conidiation of Trichoderma viride is suppressed by ethidium bromide, acriflavin, lomofungin and 8-quinolinol at concentrations which do not inhibit the colony growth of this deuteromycete. | 105,976 | [
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Canada's NHI: a physician's evaluation. | A physician in Manitoba reports that a national health care system has worked well in Canada, particularly for poor people and for governments concerned about the equitable and universal delivery of health care, as well as about rising health costs. Physicians, however, find the greatest problems are their own low salary and their lack of impact on government policy. | 105,983 | [
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Microscopic characterization of rabbit lung damage produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa proteases. | The intratracheal administration of highly purified Pseudomonas aeruginosa proteases (ca. 10 to 100 microgram) elicited extensive, grossly observable rabbit lung damage by 3 h postinjection. Light and electron microscopic characterization of the lesions revealed: (i) progressive injury and necrosis of type I epithelial cells and capillary endothelial cells from 3 h to 1 day postinjection, and progressively increasing accumulations of erythrocytes, plasma proteins, fibrin, and released type II epithelial cell lamellar bodies in alveolar lumina during that time period; (ii) progressively increasing accumulations of macrophages, but not of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, in alveolar lumina from 3 h to 6 days postinjection; (iii) progressive hyperplasia of type II epithelial cells from 12 h to 4 days postinjection; (iv) progressive infiltration of alveolar septa by mononuclear inflammatory cells (interstitial pneumonitis) from 2 to 6 days postinjection; (v) no loss of alveolar septal connective tissue and no damage to pulmonary arterioles and venules; and (vi) almost normal alveolar structure by ca. 8 days postinjection. The study revealed that the intra-alveolar hemorrhage, the injury and necrosis of alveolar septal cells, and the infiltration by mononuclear cells that have been reported to occur during human pseudomonas pneumonia can also be elicited by the experimental administration of pseudomonas proteases. Thus, the results support the idea that in vivo production and activity of P. aeruginosa proteases is important, at least in part, in eliciting the lung damage characteristic of pseudomonas pneumonia. | 106,001 | [
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Anticomplementary activity of tuberculin: relationship to platelet aggregation and lytic response. | Experiments were performed to examine the interaction of tuberculin with platelets and complement. Hemolytic complement titrations show that tuberculin consumes complement in human, rabbit, and guinea pig serum. Evidence in support of classical pathway activation was provided by observation of C1 consumption and failure to detect significant conversion of alternative pathway factor B to B by immunoelectrophoresis. Platelets in plasma from guinea pigs deficient in the fourth component of complement were not affected by tuberculin. However, studies on platelet aggregation in plasma chelated with ethyleneglycolbis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N-tetraacetic acid indicated that tuberculin may initiate sluggish activation of the alternative pathway. That the reaction between tuberculin and platelets is a lytic one was evidenced by observing the release of the cytoplasmic enzyme lactic dehydrogenase and efflux of rubidium-86. Studies with C6-deficient rabbits indicated that platelet release of exogenously supplied tritiated serotonin is caused by platelet lysis. | 106,002 | [
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Defective cellular immunity to gram-negative bacteria in cystic fibrosis patients. | In vitro lymphocyte responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been found to be impaired in cystic fibrosis patients with advanced clinical disease. The responses to Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, and Proteus mirabilis were studied in a similar group of cystic fibrosis patients and normal individuals. Cystic fibrosis patients found to be unresponsive to pseudomonas were also unresponsive to klebsiella, serratia, and proteus. Responsiveness to Staphylococcus aureus was not impaired in cystic fibrosis patients. We postulate that in vitro lymphocyte responses to several gram-negative bacteria require the function of a lymphocyte subpopulation which may be impaired in some cystic fibrosis patients. | 106,011 | [
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Implications of aldose reductase in cataracts in human diabetes. | Cataracts removed intracapsularly by cryoprobe technique from human diabetics were analyzed for sugars and polyols by gas liquid chromatography. The contents of sorbitol and fructose of lenses followed blood glucose levels at least up to 250 mg/dl. Studies indicate that human lens is capable of synthesizing substantial amounts of polyol pathway metabolites given exposure to high glucose levels such as are prevalent in diabetes. The synthesis of sorbitol was found to be susceptible to quercitrin, an inhibitor of aldose reductase. The implications of these findings in the formation of cataracts in diabetic individuals have been discussed. | 106,020 | [
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Preservation and storage of pathogenic Neisseria. | Pathogenic species of Neisseria, especially N. gonorrhoeae are notoriously difficult to maintain in a viable state for long storage periods. Frequent transfer of cultures on artificial media and storage at 4 to 8 C quickly leads to loss of viability and virulence and to changes in antigenicity. Freeze-drying has been reported as a convenient method for long-term storage of these organisms; however, many laboratories are not properly equipped to use this method. A simple, inexpensive, and efficient procedure is described for storage of N. gonorrhoeae or N. meningitidis for 12 and 18 months, respectively. Results of this work may provide the basis for an efficient method of transporting these organisms over long distances via mail. | 106,024 | [
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Lack of response to vitamin D therapy in a patient with hypoparathyroidism under anticonvulsant drugs. | Case report of a 16-year-old boy suffering from idiopathic hypoparathyroidism with severe seizures who erroneously and unsuccessfully had received anticonvulsive therapy for 12 years. When the correct diagnosis was made, treatment with massive doses of vitamin D2 was started. However, this treatment became effective only after the anticonvulsive therapy was discontinued; the serum calcium, phosphorus and the plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol returned to normal values, and the seizures stopped. | 106,028 | [
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Two forms of nitrogenase from the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum. | Acetylene reduction by nitrogenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum, unlike that by other nitrogenases, was recently found by other investigators to require an activation of the iron protein of nitrogenase by an activating system comprising a chromatophore membrane component, adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), and divalent metal ions. In an extension of this work, we observed that the same activating system was also required for nitrogenase-linked H(2) evolution. However, we found that, depending on their nitrogen nutrition regime, R. rubrum cells produced two forms of nitrogenase that differed in their Fe protein components. Cells whose nitrogen supply was totally exhausted before harvest yielded predominantly a form of nitrogenase (A) whose enzymatic activity was not governed by the activating system, whereas cells supplied up to harvest time with N(2) or glutamate yielded predominantly a form of nitrogenase (R) whose enzymatic activity was regulated by the activating system. An unexpected finding was the rapid (less than 10 min in some cases) intracellular conversion of nitrogenase A to nitrogenase R brought about by the addition to nitrogen-starved cells of glutamine, asparagine, or, particularly, ammonia. This finding suggests that mechanisms other than de novo protein synthesis were involved in the conversion of nitrogenase A to the R form. The molecular weights of the Fe protein and Mo-Fe protein components from nitrogenases A and R were the same. However, nitrogenase A appeared to be larger in size, because it had more Fe protein units per Mo-Fe protein than did nitrogenase R. A distinguishing property of the Fe protein from nitrogenase R was its ATP requirement. When combined with the Mo-Fe protein (from either nitrogenase A or nitrogenase R), the R form of Fe protein required a lower ATP concentration but bound or utilized more ATP molecules during acetylene reduction than did the A form of Fe protein. No differences between the Fe proteins from the two forms of nitrogenase were found in the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum, midpoint oxidation-reduction potential, or sensitivity to iron chelators. | 106,042 | [
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Regulation of RNA synthesis in Tetrahymena pyriformis: secretion of regulatory factors. | The rate of ribosomal RNA synthesis varies greatly with the population density in both exponentially and synchronously growing populations of Tetrahymena pyriformis. Shortly after inoculation of the population - at relatively low cell densities - a gene-dose effect dominates the picture, and a doubling in the gene number is immediately followed by a doubling in the rate of RNA synthesis. However, also other mechanisms are controlling the rate of RNA synthesis. Generally one finds high rates of RNA synthesis in the lag phase of newly inoculated cells, decreasing rate of RNA synthesis during most of the exponential growth phase and very low rate of synthesis in stationary phase cells. We now have results which show that the repression of RNA synthesis in densely populated cultures is caused by a dialysable factor, which is secreted by the cells. If cells are inoculated on a medium which contains this factor the high initial rate of RNA synthesis normally observed is prevented, but the cells multiply and grow with normal generation time until normal stationary-phase population densities are reached. | 106,059 | [
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Mechanisms of cellular adhesion. IV. Role of serum glycoproteins in fibroblast spreading on glass. | We have investigated the exogenous factors required for the transition from the round shape of suspended fibroblasts to the characteristic spread shape on serum-coated glass. Following the evidence of others that the transition is facilitated by adsorbed component(s) related to CIG/LETS (cold-insoluble globulin/large external transformation-sensitive) proteins, we have isolated 2 such preparations from chick serum. Their influence has been investigated on fibroblast adhesion, spreading and growth and they have been characterized by gel electrophoresis, immunological cross-reactivity, amino acid and carbohydrate residue analysis, sedimentation velocity behaviour and circular dichroism spectroscopy. The preparations have molecular weights of 225/215,000 and 140,000 Daltons respectively and are closely similar in composition and secondary structure. The 225/215 000 Dalton doublet is probably a product of limited proteolysis which almost certainly occurred in the avian circulation. For cells seeded on glass precoated in different ways and in different supplemented media we could detect no change in the extent of attachment but there were profound influences on cell shape following this initial adhesion. We confirm that prior adsorption of either CIG-related preparation to glass does indeed promote fibroblast spreading in the absence of other serum components and that CIG is the sole serum component with this type of activity. We now add 2 important qualifications: (i) the presence of substrate-adsorbed serum CIG is not essential for spreading when other serum components are present in the medium; and (ii) the adhesive organization shown by interference reflexion microscopy is incompletely formed unless the additional serum components are present in the medium. We therefore conclude that 16C fibroblasts have the ability when given the stimulus of soluble serum components other than CIG, but not otherwise, to synthesize all the components necessary for the highly organized contacts with glass, including endogenous CIG/LETS proteins. | 106,061 | [
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Heterotopic free skeletal muscle autotransplantation with utilization of a long nerve graft and microsurgical techniques: a study in the primate. | In six monkeys the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle was transplanted to the dorsum of the forearm after removal of the extensor muscles to the fingers. Microsurgical techniques were used to anastomose the artery and vein of the transplant to vessels in the forearm, and a 12 cm sural nerve graft was used to connect the thoracodorsal nerve in the axilla with the nerve of the transplanted muscle. There was evidence of function in this nerve graft in five of the six animals. Recovery in the transplanted muscles was evaluated by comparisons of muscle weight, electrophysiological measurements of contraction, and histological examination. | 106,084 | [
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Fetal heart rate during a maternal grand mal epileptic seizure. | Although maternal ingestion of antiepileptic drugs is strongly suspected of causing congenital defects, particularly oral clefts, the effect of epilepsy itself or a combined effect of drug intake and epilepsy have not been excluded as etiological factors. Very little is known about fetal oxygenation during a maternal grand mal epileptic seizure. We describe two cases in which fetal heart rate was recorded during a maternal epileptic seizure during labor. The first fetus became clearly asphyctic as judged from the fetal heart rate recording: immediately after the epileptic seizure there was a 13-minute continuous bradycardia wave with decreased short-term variability. After the bradycardia a phase of tachycardia with decreased short-term and long-term variability occurred. In the other fetus there was only a short period of bradycardia, which was followed by a phase of tachycardia and decreased short-term and long-term variability. Both fetuses were vigorous at birth 43 and 87 minutes, respectively, after the epileptic seizures of their mothers. We conclude that a maternal grand mal epileptic seizure can be ominous to the fetus. It is therefore important that epileptic seizures are controlled by optimal medication throughout pregnancy. | 106,102 | [
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Blood chemical and haematological changes in diarrhoeic baboons (Papio ursinus). | Blood was collected for blood chemical and haematological determinations from untreated surviving and non-surviving diarrhoeic baboons. The significance of changes in blood chemical and haematological values is discussed and the importance of supportive treatment is emphasized. | 106,115 | [
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Remote afterloading endocurie therapy for carcinoma of the cervix. | Since October 1975, 41 cancer patients were treated with a remote afterloading device using fractionated high dose-rate intracavitary radiation. Nineteen of these 41 patients were treated for carcinoma of the cervix. Remote afterloading high dose-rate fractionated intracavitary radiation was given in combination with external irradiation. The dose fractionation and rad equivalent therapeutic (RET) values and various points of interest are discussed. | 106,133 | [
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[Experimental verification of the results of the mathematical modeling of the process of formation of alpha-amylase-nonproductive mutants of Bacillus subtilis under continous cultivation]. | When Bacillus subtilis produces alpha-amylase in the course of continuous cultivation, it is difficult to maintain the activity at a constant level. This may be due to the formation of nonproductive mutants. Individual cells in the population have been analysed in the course of the continuous process. The composition of the population changes depending on time and the composition of the growth medium. Semisynthetic media cause selection of mutants which synthesize the enzyme at a low rate. In contrast, complex media which are more enriched in the sources of carbon and nitrogen induce accumulation of mutants with a high activity. | 106,225 | [
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0.2242939,
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0... |
[Problems of alloplastic joint replacement (author's transl)]. | Nowadays artificial joint substitution can be assessed as a definite part of orthopedic surgery. The good primary results must not obscure the fact that in spite of great progress in the field of endoprosthesis, numerous problems must still be considered unsolved. Most important are the problems associated with anchoring the implant into living bone tissue. New ways of cement-free anchorage are being sought. The presentation of possible alternatives and their indicative limitation to alloplastic joint substitution shows that there are possibilities which can be carried out before a possible artificial joint substitution or instead of it. Since joint substitution is still in a phase of development, further advances may be expected in the future. | 106,248 | [
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Domains and the hinge region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain are encoded in separate DNA segments. | A 6.8-kilobase DNA fragment containing the sequence coding for the constant region of the mouse immunoglobulin gamma1 heavy chain was cloned from total cellular DNA. Electron microscopic and nucleotide sequencing studies showed that the three protein domains and the hinge region are encoded in separate DNA segments. | 106,304 | [
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[Catheterisation of the internal jugular vein for parenteral nutrition (author's transl)]. | The technique consists of surgical exposure of the vein, its isolation by two threads and the introduction of a soft prethoracic exit. This technique avoids the complications inherent in any blind puncture of a large vessel. By virtue of the type of catheter (soft silicone) and the long subcutaneous course. It may be left in place for more than a month. | 106,363 | [
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Immunoglobulin heavy chain gene organization in mice: analysis of a myeloma genomic clone containing variable and alpha constant regions. | We have isolated a myeloma genomic DNA clone containing the variable and constant regions of a mouse alpha chain. Restriction enzyme analyses and electron microscopic R loop mapping have demonstrated that the variable region is separated from the constant region by 6.8 kilobases of intervening DNA. In addition, two intervening DNA sequences of 100--200 bases separate the constant region into three approximately equal units. These intervening sequences may separate each of the segments coding for the three constant region domains of the alpha heavy chain. Southern blot analysis of embryo and myeloma DNA suggests that DNA rearrangement of heavy chain variable and constant regions occurs during the differentiation of antibody-producing cells. | 106,394 | [
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Changes in quaternary structure of IgG upon reduction of the interheavy-chain disulfide bond. | Reduction of the single disulfide bond between heavy chains in the hinge region of rabbit IgG antibody causes destabilization of the CH2 region of the molecule. Our studies indicate that reduced antibody molecules undergo a large change in quaternary structure in the CH2 region upon aggregation with a small bivalent hapten. The conformational change was observed both in hydrodynamic studies and by electron microscopy. The sizes of native and reduced antibody complexes were measured from electron micrographs. These measurements show that reduction of the hinge disulfide allows the CH2 domains of the antibody to separate under the strain induced by complex formation. The Fab arms, which are clearly seen in the electron micrographs of the native complexes, are extended by a portion of the Fc region to effectively become Facb arms in the reduced complexes. The length of the arms is effectively increased by 23 A. This results in a massive alteration in the quaternary structure of the CH2 region of the molecule, and this may be the basis of many of the effects of mild reduction on the various effector functions of the antibody molecule. These findings also support the open structure of the CH2 region proposed on the basis of crystallographic analyses, and they demonstrate how the interheavy-chain hinge disulfide restricts segmental flexibility in the Fc fragment of the IgG molecule. | 106,398 | [
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Regulation of immune response to tumor antigen: interference with syngeneic tumor immunity by anti-IA alloantisera. | We present evidence for a role of I-A subregion-encoded determinants in syngeneic tumor immunity. In animals rendered immune to the S1509a fibrosarcoma, daily treatment with microliter quantities of antisera directed against Kk and I-Ak determinants expressed on lymphoid cells of host origin decreased the capacity for immune tumor rejection. Absorption studies revealed that anti-I-Ak antibody activity alone was sufficient for the manifestation of this effect. Furthermore, experiments utilizing F1 hybrids showed that an antiserum that was genetically unable to interact with H-2 determinants expressed on the tumor was equally effective in inhibiting tumor immunity. Suggestive evidence that the activity of this antiserum is related to interference with the generation of effector T cell function was provided by the observation that hyperimmune animals pretreated with an anti-Kk,I-Ak antiserum were no longer capable of adoptively transferring tumor immunity to naive recipients. Thus, it is possible to regulate the secondary immune response to tumor antigens by using antisera with specificity for I-A determinants expressed on cells or possibly on factors of the host lymphoid system. | 106,399 | [
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Complications of total abdominal and spleen irradiation in patients with lymphomas. | Fifty patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated with total abdominal irradiation to a dose of 3000 rad by anterior and posterior fields treated the same day. Fourteen patients developed complications, four with intestinal obstruction due to stenosis and three with total or partial intestinal irradiation damage. These bowel complications were only seen in patients who had previously had a laparotomy. The ways of preventing these complications are discussed. We have studied renal function by means of clinical examination, biologic and radiologic investigations, and scanning in 75 patients who have received splenic irradiation to a dose of 4000 rad. With a mean follow-up time of 36 months, this study has shown that there was no significant change in blood pressure or in biochemical measurements. However, at the 17th month, nephrotomograms demonstrated cortical atrophy of the upper role of the kidney; at the 8th month, low uptake in the irradiated area was seen on 197Hg neohydrine scanning and a decrease in renal plasma flow in the left kidney during dynamic studies with Hippuran. | 106,446 | [
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The VkVI subgroup of rabbit light chains: complete amino acid sequence of a third variable region (K29-213). | The amino acid sequence of the variable region of a rabbit anti-streptococcal A-variant antibody light chain was determined. By using a combination of different cleavage methods, the sequence was established. Large peptides were sequenced in an extensively modified Beckman sequentor. Light chain K29-213 belongs to a rare subgroup (kVI). Several of these light chains of antibodies with different specificities have been totally or partially sequenced. Comparison of these light chains reveals at least four germ-line-encoded variants within this subgroup. | 106,464 | [
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Carcinoma in diverticulum of female urethra. | A case of female urethral diverticulum is reported by the authors. It is a rare disease and about 31 cases have previously been described. An analysis is made in relation to the diverticulum of the urethra and to female urethral carcinoma. Emphasis is given on the semiology and the recently acquired diagnostic procedures, as these have led to an increased number of recognized cases. In the case presented, an extended resection and a definitive urinary derivation was performed, together with chemo- and radiotherapy. A follow-up of 2.5 years showed no signs of recurrence or metastases. | 106,501 | [
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[Role of metal ions in the catalytic activity of Aspergillus oryzae aminopeptidase]. | The paper deals with the role of metals in the catalytic action of Asp. oryzae aminopeptidase. Cobalt ions are more specific activators than Mn2+ and Mn2+ and evoke its maximal activity. Sinergic activation of Co2+ in combination with Mn2+ and Mg2+ was not found in contrast to some aminopeptidases of animal origin. Activation of the enzyme with cobalt chloride depends on temperature. By the 10th minute of incubation the activation reaches its maximum: 650 and 900% at 20 and 40 degrees C, respectively. EDTA (10(-2) M) inactivates completely aminopeptidase for 3h; this process is intensified in the presence of leucine (10(-3) M). Aminopeptidase is also inactivated by chelating agents, such as o-phenantroline and 2,2'-dipyridyl. When the temperature rises from 20 to 40 degrees C the intensification of these reagents effect is insignificant. Cobalt ions reduce and activate to some extent the enzyme after inhibition with EDTA. | 106,499 | [
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[Determination of aflatoxins in cheeses]. | To investigate cheeses for the presence of aflatoxins we chose the very sensitive method of Tuinstra and Bronsgeest (1975) used for the determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk. The method was slightly modified and the presence of aflatoxins was determined in 54 samples of different cheeses. Aflatoxin M1 was found out in 24% of the investigated samples. Most of positive samples were found among the soft cheeses (53.8 3/4), then in processed cheeses (13.6%) and in hard cheeses (12.5%). Aflatoxin M1 was not found in the group of mouldy cheeses and Olomouc cake cheeses, which were investigated in a smaller range. Positive findings did not exceed concentrations of 10 ng per kg, i.e. they did not even reach the value of permissible concentration as proposed in the Czech Socialist Republic for foods (5 microgram per kg). | 106,514 | [
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[Epidemiological evaluation of the serological grouping of meningococci]. | Use of the precipitation and hemagglutination inhibition tests to determine the serological group of 114 meningococcus strains which cannot be grouped by agglutination slide permitted to establish the serological group of 56% of the strains, this pointing to the greater diagnostic value of these tests. Nevertheless, 70% of 307 strains isolated from carriers could not be referred to any of the determinable groups (A, C, X, Y, and Z). Strains (417) isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis were grouped depending on the epidemic curve: only half of the cultures could be classified in sporadic cases, but from 80 to 100% of the strains were classified at the "peak" of the meningitis incidence rise. This rise was connected with increase of the incidence of cases caused by meningococcus, group A; at the decline these strains were eliminated, and cases due to the rarely encountered serological groups and nongrouping strains occurred. Marking meningococc by serological groups proved to be of no use for detection of epidemiological relations between the infected persons. | 106,606 | [
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Interferon therapy in multiple myeloma. | A woman with multiple myeloma relapsed after 6 years of satisfactory tumor control with melphalan therapy. When progression then occurred, she was given exogenous human leukocyte interferon, 3 x 10(6) reference units twice daily i.m., as the sole therapy. Side-effects of the interferon therapy consisted of fever reactions and thrombocytopenia. One month after the initiation of interferon therapy there was 1) improvement of general health with less pain and tiredness, 2) reduction of the M-component, IgG-lambda, in the serum, and 3) a reduced plasma cell concentration in the bone marrow. After 5 months of interferon therapy tumor progression occurred despite continuous interferon treatment. At the same time, the tumor cells were less sensitive to interferon in in vitro tests than prior to interferon therapy. It is suggested that interferon therapy should be given as initial treatment to a few patients with multiple myeloma in a phase I trial. | 106,625 | [
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Balanced intraintestinal nutrition. A preparation for intraintestinal no-residue nutrition. | The investigations were carried out on dogs and male Wistar rats using the method of isolated intestinal loops. The absorption of nitrogen from a preparation was studied. The protein component of the preparation was an enzymatic hydrolysate of whey proteins, milk proteins, casein and a 7% bovine blood hydrolysate manufactured by Polfa. Comparative investigations were carried out on the effect of the protein component on the absorption of fat from the tested preparation. No significant differences were found in nitrogen absorption from the hydrolysates of milk proteins administered in the form of a protein-fat-carbohydrate emulsion or in fat absorption depending on the protein component. On the basis of theoretical assumptions and experiments on laboratory animals the composition of a preparation for balanced no-residue intraintestinal nutrition was elaborated in which the protein component was a hydrolysate of whey proteins without lactose and the fat component was soybean oil. | 106,624 | [
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Sequential CT observations of irradiated intracranial germinomas. | Computed tomography (CT) has improved the accuracy of preoperative diagnosis of intracranial tumors. CT findings of germinoma are a mass of isodensity or of slightly increased density with significant, homogeneous enhancement after intravenous contrast injection. These findings are characteristic but not pathognomonic, and differential diagnosis from other solid tumors is not easy. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology and response to irradiation aid in this differential diagnosis. The nine cases of germinoma reported showed rapid response to irradiation even at small doses (600 rad), and complete disappearance of the mass on CT at 1,600--3,300 rad. Other radiosensitive masses to be differentiated in the pineal region are pinealocytoma or pinealoblastoma. | 106,637 | [
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Radiography of glycogen storage diseases. | Sixty-three patients with glycogen storage disease were evaluated. Findings on plain film examinations, excretory urography, barium gastrointestinal studies, ultrasonography, and angiography were categorized by type of glycogen storage disease. In type I findings include hepatomegaly with hepatic dysfunction, renomegaly with an increased incidence of renal calculi, and osteopenia with various associated osseous abnormalities. These changes were less pronounced in types III, IV, and VI. Type II displayed either cardiac or skeletal muscle glycogen deposition. Correlation with postmortem examination in 14 individuals is given. | 106,640 | [
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Radiology of the pterygoid plates and pterygopalatine fossa. | The pterygopalatine fossa is a major distribution center for the parasympathetic innervation and vascular supply of deep facial structures. Through eight bony canals or foramina, this fossa communicates with the nasal and oral cavities, infra-temporal fossa, orbit, pharynx, and middle cranial fossa. Therefore this important structure provides a natural pathway for dissemination or spread of disease processes to contiguous structures. The normal gross and radiographic anatomy of the pterygopalatine fossa and the adjacent pterygoid plates are considered in detail. Variation in these structures as well as their alterations in a variety of pathologic entities are described. | 106,641 | [
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Radiographic features of eosinophilic gastroenteritis (allergic gastroenteropathy) of childhood. | The child with eosinophilic gastroenteritis has failure to thrive, a history of allergy or asthma, iron deficiency anemia, and peripheral eosinophilia. This type of eosinophilic gastroenteritis has earned the designation "allergic gastroenteropathy." Pathologic change in the gastric antrum of six children with this disease correlated with an abnormal air-contrast examination of the antrum. The affected children had an irregular, lacy, antral surface rather than the smooth, bald surface seen in normal children. The small bowel in allergic gastroenteropathy is usually abnormal but nonspecific as to etiology. Much more specific is the combination of small bowel and gastric antral abnormalities. Findings encourage air-contrast radiography of the antrum in children with suspected allergic gastroenteropathy. | 106,689 | [
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Ultrasound of gallbladder wall thickening and its relation to cholecystitis. | A prospective ultrasound study of gallbladder wall thickness in patients with suspected gallbladder disease was performed over a 9 month period. Gallbladder walls thicker than 3 mm in fasting patients whose gallbladders were wider than 2 cm were considered abnormal. Gallstones were documented by ultrasound in 62 patients, a thickened gallbladder wall was demonstrated in 12 of these. Five patients without cholelithiasis had thick-walled gallbladders and were diagnosed as acalculous cholecystitis. | 106,690 | [
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Esophageal diverticula. | Congenital, neuromuscular and motor abnormalities of the pharynx, esophagus and diaphragm, coupled with intra- and extraluminal factors, play roles in the pathogenesis of esophageal diverticula. Principal presenting symptoms are regurgitation, obstruction, aspiration, pneumonitis and esophagitis. Cineradiography and manometry are useful methods of evaluation. Treatment, which may be simple excision or myotomy, does not correct the basic motor abnormality that is often associated with the diverticulum. | 106,716 | [
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0.1045569,
-0.1001696... |
Evaluation of a gonococcal serologic test. | The fluorescent gonorrhea test--heated (FGT-H), an indirect immunofluorescent method for detecting the presence of antigonococcal antibodies in serum, was evaluated in 1,000 women referred to a private clinic for the termination of pregnancy, 202 women treated at a municipal venereal disease clinic, and six women hospitalized with gonococcal bacteremia. The test was positive for 17.7% of private outpatients, even though gonococci were cultured from only 1.1% of these women, and another 5.1% had histories of gonococcal infection. Positive test results were found for 68.3% of the women in the venereal disease clinic population, in which the prevalence of gonococcal infection was 36.1% and an additional 25.2% had had gonorrhea previously. The test was positive for all six patients with gonococcemia. The sensitivity of the test in the low-risk population was 72.7%, which was not significantly different from the sensitivity of 84% in the high-risk population. Specificity of the test was 83% in low-risk patients, but only 41% in high-risk patients. These findings indicate that a negative test is a highly reliable means for excluding gonorrhea in populations of low-risk women. The predictive value of a positive test is low, ranging from 4.5% in the low-risk group to 45% in the high-risk group. | 106,719 | [
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-0.4046749,
0.224221,
-0.2132876,
0.2896388,
0.2964331,
0.41307,
-0.1986443,
0.166060... |
Raised intracranial pressure: its management in Neisseria meningitidis meningoencephalitis. | Further reduction in morbidity and mortality from bacterial meningitis is unlikely to stem from innovations in antibiotic management. Emphasis must therefore be directed toward prevention, more rapid diagnosis, and improved therapy for maintaining the integrity of the CNS. Raised intracranial pressure is frequently associated with bacterial meningitis. In selected patients with bacterial meningitis and clinical evidence of elevated intracranial pressure, monitoring and aggressive treatment of this pressure could be crucial to survival. | 106,721 | [
-0.1470969,
0.01224136,
0.04362954,
-0.544154,
-0.3423916,
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-0.2060197,
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-0.2504271,
0.09499045,
0.077177,
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0.03037916,
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0.148784,
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-0.03548123,
-0.04720977,
-0.1254095,
0.1722311,... |
[Change in heart function in Duchênne de Boulogne myopathies at the severe progressive stage]. | Left ventricular function was studied in 15 patients with rapidly progressive Duchenne de Boulogne muscular dystrophy. Only one patient had a previous history of cardiac failure. All patients had typical electrocardiographical changes. Haemodynamic and angiographic investigation was performed in all patients. Three groups of patients were distinguished according to angiographic criteria : group I comprising 7 normal patients. group II comprising 4 "intermediary" patients, and group III of 4 patients with hypokinetic cardiomyopathy. Segmental ventricular dyskinesis was observed in 6 patients. Mitral incompetence was present in 2 cases and mitral valve prolpse in 1 case. All patients had a normal resting cardiac index. Patients in group II and III had end diastolic left ventricular pressures greater than 15 mmHg. An intravenous angiotensin test was performed in 4 patients from groups I and II. Impaired left ventricular function was demonstrated in patients thought to be normal in the basal state. Finally, myocardial involvement in this group of patients runs a parallel course to the duration and severity of the peripheral muscular disease. | 106,797 | [
-0.5645612,
-0.2821518,
0.1016863,
0.01907112,
0.09814426,
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0.1133364,
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0.2096027,
0.1191733,
0.09493525,
0.009304369,
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0.08839988,
0.09846107,
0.1156594,
0.3851732,
0.08971936,
0.0762585,
... |
Implications of malnutrition in the surgical patient. | The substantial prevalence of malnutrition in the hospitalized patient population has only been recently recognized. Preoperative nutritional and immunological assessment was performed prospectively on admission in 64 consecutive surgical patients. Factors measured included weight loss, triceps skinfold, midarm muscle circumference, creatinine-height index, serum albumin level, serum transferrin level, total lymphocyte count, serum complement level, serum immunoelectrophoresis, lymphocyte T rosettes formation, neutrophil migration, and delayed hypersensitivity. Using these criteria for malnutrition, 97% of the patients had at least one abnormal measurement and 35% had at least three abnormal measurements. Patients were monitored for complications during their hospital course. Serum albumin level, serum transferrin level, and delayed hypersensitivity reactions were the only accurate prognostic indicators of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Substantial unrecognized malnutrition exists in the surgical patient population. An isolated indicator of malnutrition should be interpreted with caution. The visceral protein compartment (serum albumin and serum transferrin levels and delayed hypersensitivity) is the most accurate prognostic indicator of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Perioperative nutritional support may reduce operative morbidity and mortality in the malnourished operative candidate. | 106,804 | [
-0.02501878,
-0.3039921,
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0.02118698,
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0.02845675,
0.1984686,
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0.008127417,
0.1928642,
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0.09859836,
0.04251386,
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0.4113949,
-0.09... |
[Various immunomorphological tests of cellular immunity in lymphogranulomatosis]. | Diffusion chambers were used to study the migration activity and blast transformation of lymphocytes in fragments of lymph nodes from untreated patients with lymphogranulomatosis of various histological variants and stages of the disease. Early in the disease, and particularly at its peak, a progressive decrease in the activity of T-lymphocytes was observed indicating the inhibition of cellular immunity in the patients. | 106,807 | [
-0.07167547,
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-0.3473206,
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0.09728325,
0.4323338,
0.4927503,
-0.02958569,
0.18035... |
Epilepsy. | Epilepsy is a common disorder affecting approximately one in every two hundred people, from all walks of life, and presenting in addition to the seizure disorder itself, varying social, psychological and economic problems. A simple classification of epilepsy is described, and the concept of 'seizure threshold' introduced. Having diagnosed epilepsy, the need for investigation to separate the symptomatic epilepsies from idiopathic epilepsy is stressed. Accurate diagnosis of seizure type ensures that optimal therapy can be offered. The various drugs used to control epilepsy are discussed, and comments on the general management of the patient are offered. | 106,817 | [
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0.071516,
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0.0001963117,
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0.1326076,
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0.3095648,
0.02311409,
0.06188095,
-0.3897263,
0.1381537,
-0.1626... |
[Release of antigens into the culture medium by LS fibroblasts in culture]. | LS fibroblasts cultivated for 1 or more days in unsupplemented Eagle's MEM release antigens into the medium, without showing any evidence of lysis, but on the contrary continuing to proliferate. These antigens give up to three precipitation lines when tested by means of immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis against specific rabbit antisera; one or two of them give identity reactions with antigens obtained by repeatedly washing the fibroblasts with balanced salt solutions. Evidence has been obtained that they are surface components, easily stripped or spontaneously shed by the cells. | 106,863 | [
-0.2586332,
-0.3717965,
0.1303926,
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0.1515683,
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0.1153236,
0.1099129,
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0.2041402,
0.06100028,
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-0.1646876,
0.5179499,
0.3567954,
-0.2933564,
-0.3067352,
... |
[Vascular thrombosis after catheterization of the umbilical artery]. | Two newborns with vascular thromboses due to catheterization of the umbilical artery are reported; one of them died and in the other one it was necessary to amputate the leg. Considerations are made on the predisposing factors for this complications, as well as the indications and precautions for this technic. | 106,862 | [
-0.1440724,
0.04595482,
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0.1459265,
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0.09380182,
0.3022461,
0.1922453,
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0.1232322,
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0.355804,
-0.07148195,
0.07020624... |
Proton irradiation of malignant melanoma of the ciliary body. | This is our first case of malignant melanoma of the ciliary body treated with proton beam irradiation, a technique that we developed for irradiating choroidal melanomas. After 21 months of follow-up no growth of the tumour has been observed, and shrinkage of the tumour was noted on the follow-up photographs and by ultrasonography. The 32P uptake test, which was positive before treatment, turned negative 14 months after irradiation. The described technique of proton beam irradiation might offer an alternative for the treatment of ciliary body melanomas when the present techniques of iridocyclectomy cannot be applied because of the size of the lesion. | 106,873 | [
-0.4340656,
-0.06347147,
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0.1291394,
0.02120418,
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0.1337585,
0.2855006,
0.0952666,
0.1328781,
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0.2905287,
-0.01216592,
-0.1351087,
0.5838811,
-0.07183634,
0.1209207,
... |
Cell-free protein synthesis in lysates of Drosophila melanogaster cells. | A procedure is described for preparing cell-free protein synthesizing lysates from Drosophila melanogaster tissue culture cells and embryos. Preparation of translationally active lysates from tissue culture cells is dependent on the presence of rat liver supernatant during cell lysis to inhibit ribonuclease activity. After micrococcal nuclease treatment of the lysate, protein synthesis is dependent on the addition of exogenous messenger RNA. The fidelity of translation is very high. The conditions for optimal translation have been determined. In addition, the effects on translation of a variety of supplements, including rat liver supernatant, have been analyzed. The products of translation by the Drosophila lysate have been compared with those of wheat germ extracts and of micrococcal nuclease treated rabbit reticulocyte lysates. Translation in vitro of bovine parathyroid hormone messenger RNA yielded two products tentatively identified as preproparathyroid hormone and proparathyroid hormone, as well as an unidentified third product. This result suggests that insect enzymes can accurately process mammalian precursor proteins. | 106,888 | [
-0.0178778,
-0.3078583,
-0.06868923,
-0.04493773,
0.1379002,
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0.09216616,
0.4001658,
0.1502357,
0.1484755,
0.2196753,
0.2424137,
0.1952537,
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0.2991752,
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0.2149343,
0.4587812,
0.0846429,
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0.... |
Phase changes of cardiolipin vesicles mediated by divalent cations. | Small unilamellar vesicles were prepared from cardiolipin and produced the hexagonal II phase when dialyzed against CaCl2 or MgCl2. Upon removal of the cation by dialysis against EDTA large unilamellar vesicles were formed. The events of the transition from the lamellar to hexagonal phase and back to the lamellar phase are described. | 106,890 | [
-0.3651449,
0.2424875,
-0.5171,
-0.08621813,
0.02539864,
-0.2023716,
-0.2066065,
0.1152125,
0.1072548,
0.09321664,
0.09553273,
0.2810434,
-0.1049562,
0.2396398,
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0.01143114,
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0.1236924,
0.003390727,
0.1909863,
0.1379676,
0.1... |
[Production of vitamin B 12 by a blue-green alga]. | In this study, we have been able to demonstrate the production and liberation of vitamin B12 (up to 16.5 pg/ml after 31 days of growth) by a blue green alga. Anabaena flos-aquae, in non-axenic and axenic cultures. This finding has a relevant ecological significance since it shows that, like bacteria, blue green algae may play a role as producers of vitamin B12. | 106,945 | [
-0.336059,
-0.1844637,
-0.02170205,
0.05637061,
-0.05808138,
-0.2352833,
-0.2413283,
0.01172162,
-0.2202948,
-0.3635996,
-0.0820725,
0.4518125,
-0.1066345,
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0.3273757,
0.02940412,
0.09129098,
0.4277963,
0.3630233,
-0.2959896... |
Irradiation alone or in combination with surgery in stage IB and IIA carcinoma of the uterine cervix: A nonrandomized comparison. | This is a report of a nonrandomized comparison of treatment results of 244 patients with stage IB carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated by radiation alone and 92 treated with preoperative radiation and surgery and 77 patients with stage IIA treated by radiation alone and 24 treated with a combination of radiation and surgery. The techniques of irradiation and types of operation are described in detail. The five-year tumor free actuarial survival for the patients with stage IB treated either with irradiation alone or combined with surgery was approximately 85% and the ten-year survival, 78%. For stage IIA the tumor free actuarial five-year survival without tumor was 73% and for ten years, 60%. In the 244 patients treated with radiation alone, there were ten central failures (4%) usually combined with distant metastasis. Further, 16 of these patients (6.5%) developed parametrial recurrence, in all but one instance associated with distant metastasis. In the 92 patients with stage IB treated with combined therapy, there were three local recurrences (3.8%), two of them combined with parametrial failures and six parametrial recurrences (6.5%), all of them concomitant with distant metastasis. Of the 77 patients with stage IIA treated by irradiation alone, there was one central recurrence alone and five local and parametrial recurrences, all of them associated with periaortic nodes or distant metastasis. Four additional patients had parametrial recurrences only concurrent with distant metastasis. Of the 24 patients treated with irradiation and surgery, there were two parametrial recurrences combined with distant metastasis (8.2%). There was no significant difference in the survival or recurrence rate of the patients treated with either method. In the group treated with combined therapy, patients with stage IB who showed evidence of microscopic residual tumor after irradiation had a failure rate of approximately 42% (8/18) in contrast to only 8.6% (6/70) in those with negative specimens. In stage IIA there were three failures in eight patients with residual tumor in the specimen in contrast to only two of 16 with negative specimens (12.5%). Major complications were comparable in both groups (radiation alone approximately 8.7% and irradiation combined with surgery approximately 14%), the difference is not statistically significant. The most frequent minor complication in patients treated with radiation alone was vaginal fibrosis (30 patients--9%) or vaginal vault necrosis (10 patients--3%). | 106,953 | [
0.0100558,
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0.05145276,
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0.09930134,
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0.1972279,
0.1846841,
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0.3288865,
0.2831118,
0.383116,
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0.3... |
Comparative randomized study of protected environment plus oral antibiotics versus oral antibiotics alone in neutropenic patients. | A series of 24 patients with severe neutropenia, most of whom had acute myeloblastic leukemia, were treated in an isolation unit with oral nonabsorbable antibiotics and were compared to 21 similar patients receiving oral antibiotics alone. The frequency of bacterial infections was lower in the patients receiving both isolation and oral antibiotics compared to the patients who received only oral antibiotics. The responses to chemotherapy in terms of remission rates were identical for the two groups. | 106,963 | [
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0.1082996,
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0.04291058,
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0.2158033,
0.08994974,
0.150967,
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0.04955492,
-0.3573801,
0.09484007,
-0.06837778,
0.05357747,
0.1147... |
Production, purification, and properties of dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-512F. | The production of dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-512F was stimulated 2-fold by the addition of 0.005% of calcium chloride to the medium; levansucrase levels were unaffected. Dextransucrase was purified by concentration and dialysis of the culture supernatant with a Bio-Fiber 80 miniplant, and by treatment with dextranase followed by chromatography on Bio-Gel A-Fm. A 240-fold purification, with a specific activity of 53 U/mg, was obtained. Contaminating enzyme activities of levansucrase, invertase, dextranase, glucosidase, and sucrose phosphorylase were decreased to non-detectable levels. Poly(acrylamide)-gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme showed only two protein bands, both of which had dextransucrase activity. These bands also gave a carbohydrate stain, indicating that the dextransucrase could be a glycoprotein. Acid hydrolysis, followed by paper chromatography, of the purified enzyme showed that the major carbohydrate was mannose. Concanavalin A completely removed dextransucrase activity from solution, confirming the mannoglycoprotein character of the enzyme. Dextransucrase activity was not altered by the addition of 0.008-4 mg/ml of dextran, but its storage stability was increased by the addition of 4 mg/ml of dextran. As previously shown by others, the activity of dextransucrase was decreased by EDTA, and was restored by the addition of calcium ions. Zinc, cadmium, lead, mercury, and copper ions were inhibitory to various degrees. | 106,966 | [
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0.1468295,
0.1433884,
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0.2275121,
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0.2353716,
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0.3013214,
0.3598809,
0.37326,
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0.35... |
[Evidence of a circadian sequence of photogonadsensitivity in the ferret]. | Using "skeleton" photoperiods with a primary photofraction of 3 hrs. 30 min. and secondary photofraction of 30 min. located at various intervals after the onset of darkness, the occurrence of a photoinducible phase in the androgenic function has been evidenced in the Ferret. This photo-inducible phase seems to be located around 12 hrs. after the onset of the primary photofraction, since the ferrets who received the 30 min. photofraction 8 hrs. after the onset of darkness responded with a maximal increase in plasma testosterone. | 106,984 | [
-0.02689858,
-0.1162738,
-0.04319238,
-0.2474571,
0.05828762,
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-0.3850812,
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0.1758415,
-0.1706609,
0.1835725,
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0.1714333,
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0.2428929,
0.1292658,
0.05214779,
0.3299352,
0.1072476,
-0.1416785,
... |
Effects of nitroglycerin on echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular wall thickness and regional myocardial performance during acute coronary ischemia. | The effects of nitroglycerin on regional left ventricular performance, assessed by echocardiographic techniques, were investigated in anesthetized, open-chest dogs during acute myocardial ischemia. During transient occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, there was end-diastolic thinning and marked reduction in systolic thickening in the central ischemic zone. Similar changes of lesser degree were noted in the border zone. The normal zone was unaffected. Infusion of nitroglycerin during ischemia in dosages of 2.5--50 microgram/kg/min reduced left ventricular end-diastolic pressure without changing the abnormalities of systolic wall thickening. Effects of bolus injections of 20 and 50 microgram/kg of nitroglycerin were similar, although this also lowered aortic pressure. In a subgroup of animals in which nitroglycerin infusion was unaccompanied by tachycardia, there was also no evidence that ischemic dysfunction was altered. We conclude that nitroglycerin does not improve regional myocardial performance in acutely ischemic canine myocardium. The decrease in preload is probably entirely due to the peripheral effects of the agent. | 106,986 | [
-0.1534868,
0.3469273,
-0.3817381,
-0.1830438,
0.05274043,
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0.2207035,
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0.08279312,
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0.088616,
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0.03753947,
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0.347806,
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0.04319543,
0.03888467,
-0.00020091,
0.04871649,
... |
[Long-lasting EEG abnormalities in alkylphosphat intoxication (author's transl)]. | In the reported case of a severe alkylphosphate poisoning the first EEG-observation at the twentieth day after intake showed marked abnormalities although there was a complete physical and humoral recovery. Progressive normalization of the EEG occured in the following six weeks. Psychopathological symptoms of a mild apathy and slowening of reactions disappeared gradually. | 107,015 | [
-0.2632463,
-0.1116304,
-0.2618607,
-0.2421252,
0.08876254,
-0.08437926,
-0.4725021,
0.04911155,
-0.09797783,
-0.08590189,
0.1811658,
0.2887939,
0.06505519,
0.2255241,
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0.006303652,
-0.4174434,
0.2591009,
0.2385541,
0.4018574,
0.06771659,
0.08711074,
-0.0916685... |
Serum estradiol, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in male monkeys treated with testosterone propionate. | Serum estradiol (E2), testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) were measured in juvenile (pre-pubertal) male rhesus monkeys injected with either 8 mg or 80 mg of testosterone propionate (TP). After one week, the three steroids were elevated and remained essentially unchanged for the duration of the study. There was little difference in serum E2 or DHT when comparing the two groups of steroid-treated monkeys. In contrast, T levels were consistently greater in the animals given the high dosage of TP. | 107,019 | [
-0.01533281,
-0.002111023,
-0.255035,
-0.2892156,
-0.1845947,
-0.3347928,
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0.2249911,
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0.1512786,
0.1950765,
0.2218338,
0.0499655,
0.06702274,
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-0.03055751,
0.1024188,
0.03967897,
0.213589,
0.1385444,
0.226432,
-0.05605857,
-... |
Effect of active and passive antibacterial immunization on skin allograft survival in rabbits. | The effect of active and passive antibacterial immunization on transplantation immunity was investigated in rabbits. Immunization with dead bacterial vaccines prepared from E. coli, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudmonas aeruginosa had no effect on skin allograft survival, whereas immunization with vaccines prepared from streptococcal and staphylococcal strains shortened allograft survival. Similar results were obtained with specific antisera against individual microbial species. Skin allografts survived in rabbits treated with antisera against E. coli, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the same manner as in untreated controls, whereas allograft survival was shortened with antisera against streptococci or staphylococci. The possible mechanism of the stimulatory effect of Gram-positive cocci on transplantation immunity is discussed and the possibilities of using active and passive antibacterial immunication in clinical transplantation are considered. | 107,050 | [
-0.1565113,
0.02222444,
-0.3908993,
-0.07162424,
-0.01611313,
-0.2639251,
-0.2788908,
0.194013,
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0.03669819,
0.1238722,
0.117928,
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0.163039,
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0.1153367,
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0.2046207,
0.5193932,
0.3985844,
0.1283708,
-0.... |
[Use of maltose and a mixture of maltose, fructose and xylitol in parenteral feeding]. | Maltose or maltose in combination with fructose and xylitol was administered intravenously to eight healthy male subjects. Constant maltose levels could not be attained in the blood at an infusion rate of 0.125 g maltose/kg body-weight and hour. Maximal concentrations of maltose were found at the end of the infusion period. 8.6 +/- 1.2% of the administered radioactivity was excreted into urine within 8 hours. Regarding the enzymatically determined maltose and glucose, the maltose balance was more favorable with the loss of only 3--3.5% carbohydrates into urine. The highest oxidation rate of the administered maltose was 1.5 g maltose/human volunteer and hour. During the experimental period of 8 hours 7.4 g maltose, corresponding to 37% of the applied dosis of the disaccharid, has been oxidized to and excreted as 14CO2. Xylitol and fructose did not effect utilisation and balance of maltose. Only the urinary excretion of glucose was higher when the combined solution was applied. At a limited infusion rate (0.125 g maltose/kg body-weight and hour) maltose or the combined solution maltose--xylitol--fructose may be recommended for parenteral nutrition. | 107,124 | [
-0.1098246,
-0.1889337,
-0.1991572,
0.155646,
0.3044291,
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0.1002181,
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0.1921889,
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0.2173197,
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0.03705278,
0.4021655,
0.1761314,
0.1043965,
-... |
Oral bony lesion in a patient with medical history of hyperparathyroidism. | Primary hyperparathyroidism is an uncommon disease in which the amount of parathyroid hormone circulating in the bloodstream is increased. Therefore, bony changes are often found in the prolonged or severe cases of hyperparathyroidism. This study describes and discusses the relationship between cystical radiolucent lesion in the left mandible of 29-year-old Japanese male and hyperparathyroidism which has the feature of bony changes. | 107,137 | [
-0.3049805,
-0.3169978,
0.09107864,
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0.07750323,
0.2065177,
0.01565193,
0.2048876,
0.270672,
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-0.3355022,
0.1389484,
0.3899831,
0.02480835,
0.09060632,
0.2139275,
-0.2768789,
0.... |
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