title stringlengths 0 901 | abstract stringlengths 3 9.89k | PMID int64 22 25.3M | embedding listlengths 768 768 |
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Acoustic shadowing due to refractive and reflective effects. | Acoustic shadowing may be seen distal to the margins of rounded structures having different acoustic velocities from the surrounding tissue. Refractive and reflective mechanisms for such shadowing are reviewed and in vitro demonstrations of such shadowing are presented. Clinical examples of refractive and reflective shadows are given, and their importance is discussed. | 108,979 | [
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Nutritional survey of hospitalized pediatric patients. | A nutrition survey in a pediatric referral center revealed one-third of patients had evidence of acute malnutrition. Weight for height was below 90% of standard in 46 of 129 (36%), arm muscle area was below the 15th percentile in 67 of 180 (37%), triceps skinfold was below the 15th percentile in 34 of 181 (19%), and total lymphocyte count was below 1500 in 26 of 137 (19%) subjects. Protein-energy malnutrition may be an important contributor to prolonged hospitalization and hospital-acquired morbidity amond United States pediatric patients. | 108,993 | [
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Inhibition of short-circuit current by triaminopyrimidine in isolated toad urinary bladder. | The organic cation 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine (TAP) produced inhibition of short-circuit current (SCC) when added to either the mucosal or serosal surface of the isolated urinary bladder of the toad. Fifty percent inhibition was produced by 10(-3) M TAP in the mucosal solution at pH 6.8 when the mucosal [Na+] was 113 mM. The actions of TAP resemble those produced by amiloride in several ways: a) inhibition of SCC by mucosal application is rapid; b) the mucosal inhibition is fully reversible; c) high concentrations in the serosal solutions produce irreversible inhibition; and d) the concentration required to produce 50% inhibition from the mucosal side is reduced when mucosal [Na+] is reduced. It is postulated that mucosal application of TAP and amiloride inhibit short-circuit current in high-resistance epithelia via action at a common locus. | 109,013 | [
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Glycogen synthase activation in human skeletal muscle: effects of diet and exercise. | We investigated the role of glycogen synthase in supranormal resynthesis (supercompensation) of skeletal muscle glycogen after exhaustive exercise. Six healthy men exercised 60 min by cycling with one leg at 75% VO2max, recovered 3 days on a low-carbohydrate diet, exercised again, and recovered 4 days on high-carbohydrate diet. Glycogen and glycogen synthase activities at several glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) concentrations were measured in biopsy samples of m. vastus lateralis. Dietary alterations alone did not affect glycogen, whereas exercise depleted glycogen stores. After the second exercise bout, glycogen returned to normal within 24 h and reached supercompensated levels by 48 h of recovery. Glycogen synthase activation state strikingly increased after exercise in exercised muscle and remained somewhat elevated for the first 48 h of recovery in both muscles. We suggest that 1) forms of glycogen synthase intermediate to I (G6P-independent) and D (G6P-dependent) forms are present in vivo, and 2) glycogen supercompensation can in part be explained by the formation of intermediate forms of glycogen synthase that exhibit relatively low activity ratios, but an increased sensitivity to activation by G6P. | 109,015 | [
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Filtering hospital air decreases Aspergillus spore counts. | We performed counts of airborne spores in a hospital with filtered air where a decrease in nosocomial infection with Aspergillus organisms had been documented. For comparison, similar studies were performed at a nearby general hospital in a ward with open windows. The total spore count inside the hospital with filtered air was significantly less than inside the ward with open windows. The total count of Aspergillus organisms in the filtered air was significantly less than that in the room with open windows. We conclude that the decrease in nosocomial infections with Aspergillus organisms in the hospital with filtered air is probably associated with fewer airborne spores. | 109,022 | [
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Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteremia associated with C6, C7, or C8 deficiency. | We summarize data from 24 previously described or newly diagnosed cases of homozygous deficiency of the sixth, seventh, or eighth components of complement. Thirteen of 24 patients had at least one episode, and usually two or more episodes of Neisseria meningitidis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteremia, or both. Deficiency of C6, C7, or C8 is a meaningful risk factor for repeated neisserial bacteremia; conversely, hemolytic complement studies are indicated in patients who develop recurrent neisserial infections. When a person with C6, C7, or C8 deficiency is identified, family members should also be studied. | 109,025 | [
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[Possibility of the spectral analysis of heterogeneous biological systems. The determination of the mycelium concentration of Actinomyces aureofaciens, a producer of tetracycline, cultured on a medium with corn meal]. | A possibility of using spectroscopy of attenuated total reflection in the IR region for analysis of the heterogenic system consisting of the microorganisms and plant cells is discussed. The method of spectroscopy is proposed for estimating the mycelium concentration of Act. aureofaciens producing tetracycline in the presence of corn meal in the medium. The experimental data confirming this possibility are presented. The peculiar properties of the spectral analysis under these particular conditions are discussed. It is supposed that the method may be used for analysis of heterogenous systems including other microorganisms. | 109,035 | [
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[Luteal insufficiency and benign breast diseases. Study in the light of data from the combined LH-RH + TRH test together with the study of ovarian steroids]. | Luteal deficiency has been attributed a patho-physiologic role in benign fibro-cystic breast disease, whereas Prolactin would not be involved in this disease. To tes these hypotheses, patients with fibro-cystic breast disease have been investigated through the combined LH-RH + TRH test, coupled with ovarian steroids estimations. 63 menstruating patients with ovulatory cycles, as evidenced by the temperature curve and proven fibro-cystic breast disease, as demonstrated by senography and thermogrphy and/or operation, have been selected for this study. The findings do not favour the role of luteal dificiency but rather the role of PRL hyperactivity in the pathol-physiology of fibro-cySTIC BREAST DISEASE. | 109,032 | [
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Whole body elemental composition during drug treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: a preliminary study. | Thirty-two female patients with rheumatoid arthritis were divided into 3 groups and treated for 6 months with prednisolone, depot tetracosactrin, or indomethacin. Their whole body content of calcium, phosphorus, and nitrogen was measured before and after 3 and 6 months' treatment by in-vivo neutron activation analysis. No significant changes in these body elements were observed as a result of the treatments. The average amounts of calcium, phosphorus, and nitrogen were lower than normal in these patients, a finding consistent with the frequent observation of osteoporosis and muscle wasting in rheumatoid arthritis. | 109,054 | [
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Electromyographical findings in human chronic Chagas' disease. | An electromyographical investigation of 80 patients with chronic Chagas' disease was made. It was found that 79% of the studied patients had EMG manifestations of old and chronic denervation of the upper and lower limbs without clinical features of nervous system involvement. | 109,065 | [
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The course of axons through the retina and optic nerve head. | By identifying degenerating axons in tissue specimens from 22 primate eyes, it was possible to demonstrate the normal course of axon fibers. Nerve fiber bundles from a group of retinal ganglion cells travel together with little tendency to disperse laterally. In addition, axons are stratified such that processes from more central ganglion cells are successfully added to the inner strata of the retinal nerve fiber layer. Within and behind the lamina cribrosa, areas of degeneration following retinal photocoagulation were well circumscribed and confined to a group of adjacent axon bundles. This degree of retinotopic organization of axons within the nerve head and retinal fiber layer is believed to be consistent with the premise that isolated lesions within the lamina cribrosa could cause well-organized paracentral scotomas such as those characteristic of early glaucoma. | 109,071 | [
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Nucleoside phosphorylase 2 (Np-2) of mice. | Isozyme patterns of nucleoside phosphorylase (NP) in 16 inbred strains, two recombinant inbred, one congenic, and three species of wild mice were studied. Evidence is provided for a genetic locus, Np-2, encoding an electrophoretic variant which is expressed exclusively in erythrocytes of certain inbred strains. This finding establishes the occurrence of genetic polymorphism of NP among inbred strains of mice. In addition, the Npla allele previously reported only in inbred strains has been observed in one of the species of wild mice (Mus musculus castaneus) studied. | 109,081 | [
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Stimulation of defective Gunn-rat liver uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase activity in vitro by alkyl ketones. | Addition of alkyl ketone (10mM) to Gunn-rat liver homogenates increased UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity towards 2-aminophenol by 10--20 fold, up to enhanced values of enzyme activity observed with similarly treated Wistar-rat liver homogenates. Alkyl ketones also activate the defective enzyme purified from Gunn-rat liver. This genetic deficiency of UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity is no longer apparent when assayed in the presence of alkyl ketones. | 109,085 | [
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[5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase from the human prostate. 1. Purification and partial characterization]. | 5'-Methylthioadenosine phosphorylase has been purified approximately 340-fold in 20% yield from human prostate: the use of affinity chromatography by Sepharose-Hg has been found particularly advantageous. The enzyme has been partially characterized and an apparent Km of 2.5 x 10(-5) M has been calculated for 5'-methylthioadenosine. The reaction is activated by thiols and shows an absolute requirement for phosphate ions. | 109,102 | [
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Modification of the immunogenicity and antigenicity of rat hepatoma cells. I. Cell-surface stabilization with glutaraldehyde. | gamma-Irradiated rat hepatoma cells are immunogenic in syngeneic WAB/Not rats, so that immunized animals are protected against tumour-cell challenge and circulating tumour-specific antibody is produced. Treatment of the immunizing cells with glutaraldehyde at concentrations of 0.001% or greater for 30 min rendered these cells non-protective in tumour-rejection tests and no longer able to induce significant formation of specific antibody. However, tumour-specific antigens were shown to be expressed upon treated cells; they specifically bound tumour-specific antibody from syngeneic immune sera assessed in indirect membrane-immunofluorescence tests. Also, these cells specifically absorbed antibody from immune or tumour-bearer sera, as demonstrated in the indirect membrane-immunofluorescence test or a complement-dependent 51Cr-release test. Alloantigen expression was not influenced by glutaraldehyde treatment, although glutaraldehyde-treated hepatoma cells failed to induce alloantibody formation in KX/Not rats. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of treated cells, surface-labelled with 125I, indicated that extensive cross-linking of the surface protein occurred as a result of glutaraldehyde treatment. The present findings establish that although the expression of a tumour-specific antigen is necessary for the induction of immuno-protection against tumour-cell challenge, this alone is not a sufficient condition for eliciting tumour immunity. | 109,110 | [
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Studies on a membrane-bound and solubilized ribonucleotide reductase preparation from Escherichia coli TAU-. | Ribonucleotide reductase has been shown to be associated with the DNA-membrane complex in Escherichia coli TAU- cells. The membrane-bound enzyme has been released in a soluble form using a combined treatment of 1% sarcosyl (pH 8.0) and 1% sodium deoxycholate (pH 6.5). Allotropic differences in the modulatory effects of ATP, Mg2+, EDTA and dithiothreitol on the membrane-bound and solubilized enzyme activity are discussed. | 109,122 | [
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Purification and properties of valyl-tRNA synthetase from Mycobacterium smegmatis. | Valyl-tRNA synthetase from Mycobacterium smegmatis has been purified over 1200-fold by conventional techniques as well as affinity chromatography on valyl-aminohexyl Sepharose columns. The purified preparation is homogeneous by electrophoretic and immunologic criteria. The enzyme is a tetramer of approximate molecular weight of 120,000, composed of a single type of subunit. The synthetase exhibited maximal activity between 35--40 degrees C and pH 6.8--7.0. The pure enzyme though stable for several months below 0 degrees C, loses activity completely at 70 degrees C, for 1 min. The enzyme showed normal Michaelis-Menten kinetic behaviour in the total aminoacylation reaction with Km values of 1.25 microM, 0.1 mM and 1.0 microM for valine, ATP and tRNA, respectively, but the kinetic response deviated from the above pattern in the partial (activation) reaction. Based on these findings, the existence of the enzyme in two molecular forms, modulated by substrate concentration has been suggested; of these, only one may be active in the total reaction, while both forms may function in the phophosphate exchange reaction. | 109,126 | [
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Sister chromatid exchange induction resulting from systemic, topical, and systemic-topical presentations of carcinogens. | Chinese hamster cheek pouch mucosal cells were examined for in vivo sister chromatid exchange formation resulting from the exposure of animals to carcinogens presented in three manners: systemic, topical, and systemic-topical combination. The systemic presentation of cyclophosphamide (5 or 10 mg/kg) through i.p. injection resulted in an increase in sister chromatid exchanges from 4.8 to 9.9 per cell. Topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (0.5% in mineral oil, 0.1 ml) resulted in an increase in the sister chromatid exchange frequency to 11.5/cell, as compared with a value of 5.0/cell in animals treated only with mineral oil. Systemic administration of 8-methoxypsoralen (0.5, 1, 2.5, or 5 mg/kg) through i.p. injection, followed by activation with topical near-ultraviolet light (3.75 x 10(4) ergs/sq mm at 365 nm) resulted in an increase in sister chromatid exchange, reaching 15.4/cell at 5 mg 8-methoxypsoralen per kg. Exposure of animals to 8-methoxypsoralen or near-ultraviolet light alone, but not in combination, did not produce an increase in sister chromatid exchange. Sister chromatid exchange frequencies in cheek pouch cells were also compared with sister chromatid exchange frequencies in marrow cells of identically treated animals to assess the importance of exposure mode and tissue specificity in sister chromatid exchange formation. | 109,193 | [
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Variable oral absorption of hexamethylmelamine in man. | Plasma levels of hexamethylmelamine were measured by a sensitive and specific gas chromatographic assay in 11 patients after they received oral doses ranging from 120 to 300 mg/m2. Peak levels were reached in 0.5--3 hours and ranged from 0.2 to 20.8 micrograms/ml. The area under the curve ranged from 70.2 to 3606.6 micrograms/ml x minute. The half-life of the beta-phase of elimination also showed considerable variability, ranging between 4.66 and 10.2 hours. These parameters were not related to the dose administered. No plasma accumulation of the drug was observed after daily treatment with hexamethylmelamine for 14--21 days. | 109,196 | [
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Electron-beam therapy for mycosis fungoides: the Stanford University experience. | The use of high-dose electron-beam therapy for mycosis fungoides at Stanford University is reviewed. Since 1966, 140 patients have been treated in this fashion. Their clinical characteristics including initial extent of disease are reviewed. The results of routine staging studies are examined. Eighty-four percent of the patients achieved an initial complete remission; this was inversely related to the initial extent of skin involvement. The overall survival rate was 46% at 10 years with the major prognostic factor being the initial extent of skin involvement. Other factors which had an influence on the patient's progrnosis included the presence of palpable adenopathy, the patient's age, the achieving of an initial complete remission, the initial dose of electron-beam therapy, and the treatment with adjuvant topical mechlorethamine. The development of a rationale for the treatment of patients with all stages of mycosis fungoides based upon these clincal observations is discussed. | 109,207 | [
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Neither dorsal root nor baroreceptor afferents are necessary for eliciting the renal responses to acute intravascular volume expansion in the primate Macaca fascicularis. | We determined the contribution of the dorsal roots, vagi, and sino-aortic nerves to the renal responses to acute isotonic, isooncotic intravascular volume expansion in the nonhuman primate, Macaca fascicularis. Expansion of the estimated blood volume by 15% produced a significant natriuresis and diuresis. There was no significant difference between the time to peak response for either. Neither dorsal rhizotomy (C6-T7) nor vagotomy and sino-aortic denervation had a significant effect on these responses. We conclude that these pathways are not necessary for eliciting the renal responses to hypervolemia in the nonhuman primate. | 109,231 | [
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Urinary excretion of orotic acid, orotidine and other pyrimidines in a patient with purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency. | Urinary orotidine and orotic acid have been determined in a patient with purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency under various dietary therapeutic conditions. For this purpose a new procedure for the analysis of both compounds has been developed, consisting of prefractionation with Dowex 1X8, followed by two HPLC steps on a micro Bondapak NH2 and a micro Bondapak C18 column. With this method normal as well as slightly elevated excretions of orotic acid have been found in our patient. No evidence was obtained for inhibition of OPRT by purine (deoxy)nucleosides as a cause of pyrimidine starvation. A significant increase of urinary orotidine was found after loading with allopurinol. For comparison excretory values in a patient with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency and also in a patient with orotic aciduria type I are shown. The possible cause of the slight increase in urinary orotic acid in our patient has been discussed. | 109,238 | [
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... |
Isolation and renal localisation of urokinase. | Physico-chemical characteristics of urokinase in urine were studied by immunological and chemical methods. By agar zone electrophoresis, commercial urokinase preparations could be separated into an anodic and cathodic fraction. The latter reacted with urokinase antibodies with two precipitation bands. Band I displayed the major part of urokinase activity and migrated as a beta-globulin with a molecular weight of 32,000 daltons. Band II showed immunological identity with human serum, human albumin, alpha-2-macroglobulin and alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein. The specific activity of the cathodic fractions was up to 80,000 ploug units/mg protein. The ratio esterase/fibrinolytic activity did not change during the purification procedure. Further purification of the fractions with higher specific activity by affinity chromatography was unable to eliminate material cross reacting with human antisera (Band II). These findings permit the conclusion, that urokinase activity in urine is not confined to a homogeneous protein fraction. Activity is found both in a low molecular weight fraction and in a high molecular weight complex which contains serum proteins. These cannot be removed by exhaustive purification procedures and may play an important role in stabilizing and/or protecting urinary urokinase against proteolytic degradation. With Todd's technique diffuse fibrinolytic activity could be demonstrated in the kidney in the iuxtamedullary border region, (venae arcuatae, venae interlobulares, vasa recta) and in the epithelium of the calyces. Urokinase activity was specifically blocked by highly purified urokinase antibodies and could thus be distinguished from nonspecific proteolytic activity. The topographic relationship to medulla and uroepithelium may point to a role of urokinase in maintaining patency in slow flow systems. | 109,250 | [
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A diurnal melatonin rhythm in primate cerebrospinal fluid. | Melatonin was measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) withdrawn continuously from partially restrained rhesys monkeys. There was a daily rhythm in CSF melatonin with peak night values 2- to greater than 15-fold higher than day values. The increase occurred shortly after lights were turned off, and the decrease occurred soon after lights were turned on. There was substantial variation in the magnitude of the rhythm among animals. However, there was little day to day variation in the rhythm of individual animals studied for 3 or 6 consecutive days. Although the concentration of melatonin in CSF was lower than that in plasma, the changes in CSF melatonin concentrations seemed to reflect large daily changes in plasma melatonin concentrations. | 109,277 | [
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alpha-Amanitin: inactivation by bovine lactoperoxidase. | The principle amatoxin, alpha-amanitin, is found to be extremely sensitive toward lactoperoxidase catalyzed degradation, rather than iodination, of the indole nucleus. Extensive attenuation of inhibitor potency against eukaryotic DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II accompanies the treatment of alpha-amanitin with lactoperoxidase, iodide and hydrogen peroxide. | 109,306 | [
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The incidence of complications during pregnancy after treatment of hyperprolactinemia with bromocriptine in patients with radiologically evident pituitary tumors. | The course of pregnancy achieved after bromocriptine therapy is described in nine patients with radiologically evident prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors. In six patients no complications occurred. No changes in sellar size or secondary endocrine deficiencies developed. In three patients, however, complications developed between the 22nd and 24th weeks of pregnancy. Despite prior external pituitary irradiation, one patient developed transient bitemporal hemianopsia and one patient had apoplexy of the pituitary tumor with transient paresis of the left abducens nerve. A third patient developed parasellar expansion of the pituitary tumor with bone destruction and paresis of the right abducens and oculomotor nerves. After transsphenoidal surgery the paresis of both nerves disappeared. Microscopically, the tissue removed at surgery was a chromophobe adenoma with focal fibrosis and calcifications without recent hemorrhages. In the course of more than 100 pregnancies achieved in The Netherlands after bromocriptine therapy, five patients reportedly developed complications of the pituitary tumor. At present, patients in whom complications can be expected cannot be predicted by the size or configuration of the sella turicica or the magnitude of elevation of the plasma prolactin level. In two patients external pituitary irradiation did not prevent complications during pregnancy. | 109,323 | [
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Representation of heavy but not light chain Ig idiotypes on T cell receptors for alloantigens. | We have analyzed idiotypic determinants on B and T lymphocytes reactive against the same antigenic determinants by the use of different anti-idiotypic antibodies. Such antisera were produced in (Lewis X DA) F1 rats against Lewis anti-DA alloantibodies (= B cell product) and Lewis T lymphocyte receptors with the same specificity. We found that B lymphocytes bear unique idiotypic determinants which are not present on the corresponding T lymphocytes. T cell unique (not shared by B lymphocytes) idiotypes were so far not detected. T cells idiotypic determinants which are present on heavy but not light chains of the corresponding alloantibodies. | 109,326 | [
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Home parenteral nutrition in children with Crohn's disease: an effective management alternative. | Seventeen pediatric patients, ages 9.25--20.5 yr, were placed on a program of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) for severe, symptomatic Crohn's disease. Prior therapy with sulfasalazine in 14, adrenocorticosteroids in 12, inpatient total parenteral nutrition in 7, and/or surgical resections in 6 failed to suppress disease activity. Remission was attained in 12 of the 17 after one course of HPN alone. Four patients had surgical procedures and 1 required steroids in addition to HPN. Remissions have been maintained in 4 of those 12 for a mean duration of 315 days after discontinuation of HPN. Of the 8 who relapsed after a mean duration of 68 days, second courses of HPN were undertaken in 7 and third courses in 2. All 17 had a marked improvement in disease symptoms while receiving HPN in addition to gaining weight sufficient to place them at a higher percentile on standard growth charts. Ten patients demonstrated "catch-up" growth and 4 others increased their height appropriately. A chromium 51-labeled albumin stool collection of greater than 1% in 5 of 7 patients at the completion of a HPN course correlated with relapse within 4 mo. Serial radiographic contrast studies and erythrocyte sedimentation rates were not predictive of prolonged remissions. Home parenteral nutrition complications were minimal, with only one episode of sepsis per 5.8 catheter experience years. It is concluded that HPN is a safe and effective means of inducing remissions and providing optimal nutritional support in pediatric patients with severe Crohn's disease. Patients with less than adequate response to standard medical management should be considered candidates for this therapeutic modality. | 109,347 | [
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Immunodiffusion studies of various structural preparations from mycobacterial cells. | Various structures and other preparations from mycobacterial cells were analyzed by immunodiffusion. The preparations were obtained from four strains referred to the species Mycobacterium bovis (BCG), Mycobacterium fortuitum, Mycobacterium phlei and Mycobacterium smegmatis. They represented cell walls (CW), culture filtrates (CF), artificially disintegrated cell material (XP), protoplasms (PP), crude ribosomes (CR), ribosomal 50S subunits (50S), ribosomal 30S subunits (30S), ribosomal 16S core particles (16S) and ribosomal-free fractions (UCS). The preparations were analyzed by reference precipitation systems based on CF, CR and 30S preparations. Serological comparisons were made with material from the same species and cross-testing between material from different species was not performed. It was shown that from the precipitinogenic point of view the CF and XP materials were very similar and that they both contained protoplasmic material to a large extent. Furthermore, it was found that ribosomal precipitinogens constitute an important part of the precipitinogens in PP as well as in the CF and the XP preparations. The ribosomal precipitinogens were found to represent the two subunits as well as the 16S core particle. One ribosomal precipitinogen, designated beta, was shown in all preparations except the CW and the UCS. | 109,402 | [
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Hyperopia and loss of accommodation following ciliary muscle disinsertion in the cynomolgus monkey: physiologic and scanning electron microscopic studies. | Twenty-three cynomolgus monkeys underwent 360-degree disinsertion and retrodisplacement of the ciliary muscle in one eye. Ten to 12 weeks after unilateral disinsertion, resting refraction in the "disinserted" eyes was more hyperopic than in the opposite eyes by 1.12 +/- 0.21 (mean +/- S.E.M.) diopters (p less than 0.001). Accomodative responses to intramuscular pilocarpine (2 or 3 mg/kg) were 0.90 +/- 0.14 (mean +/- S.E.M.) diopters in the disinserted eyes and 13.88 +/- 0.79 diopters in the opposite eyes. The induced hyperopia and loss of accommodation in the disinserted eyes seemed permanent, persisting for at least 14 months in one monkey and 29 months in three monkeys tested periodically after disinsertion. By light microscopy, the ciliary muscle in the disinserted eyes appeared normal and was contracted by pilocarpine. Scanning electron microscopy of the accommodative apparatus revealed retrodisplacement of the ciliary muscle, ciliary processes, and zonular plexus in the disinserted eyes. Structural alterations in the zonular apparatus seemed insufficient to account for the physiological findings. Hyperopia and loss of accommodation following ciliary muscle retrodisplacement are consistent with a new theory of zonular action during accommodation. | 109,411 | [
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Primary intestinal lymphoma in South Africa. | All adult cases of primary intestinal lymphoma seen during the years 1953--77 at Groote Schuur Hospital, South Africa, were reviewed. Seventy percent of patients with solitary lymphoma and 80% with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease were mulatto. Patients in the latter group presented with malabsorption and those with a solitary lymphoma presented with intestinal obstruction. Four of 15 patients tested for the presence of alpha-heavy-chains were found to have alpha-heavy-chain disease. Family studies of potential genetic and immunologic factors showed some significant differences in IgA and IgG levels in the families of two patients with alpha-heavy-chain disease. Elevated alkaline phosphatase of intestinal origin was found in four of six patients with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease and in a high proportion of relatives. Fifty percent of the six patients were of blood group B. Minor blood groups, ABH secretor state and Pi phenotype distribution were similar to those of the control subjects. HLA gene frequency was particularly increased in the HLA-A9 antigen. These studies suggest that genetic factors may be relevant to the pathogenesis of immunoproliferative small intestinal disease. | 109,420 | [
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Membrane-bound D-gluconate dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Purification and structure of cytochrome-binding form. | A membrane-bound D-gluconate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.99.3] was solubilized from membranes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and purified to a homogeneous state with the aid of detergents. The solubilized enzyme was a monomer in the presence of at least 0.1% Triton X-100, having a molecular weight of 138,000 on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis or 124,000--131,000 on sucrose density gradient centrifugation. In the absence of Triton X-100, the enzyme became dimeric, having a molecular weight of 240,000--260,000 on sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Removal of Triton X-100 caused a decrease in enzyme activity. Enzyme activity was stimulated by addition of phospholipid, particularly cardiolipin, in the presence of Triton X-100. The enzyme had a cytochrome c1, c-554(551), which might be a diheme cytochrome, and it also contained a covalently bound flavin but not ubiquinone. In the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, the enzyme was dissociated into three components with molecular weights of 66,000, 50,000, and 22,000. The components of 66,000 and 50,000 daltons corresponded to a flavoprotein and cytochrome c1, respectively, but that of 22,000 dalton remained unclear as to its function. | 109,426 | [
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Formation of intermolecular disulfide bonds on nascent immunoglobulin polypeptides. | The initial step of intermolecular covalent assembly of immunoglobulins molecules involves formation of heavy chain-light chain or heavy chain-heavy chain disulfide bonds. Using QAE-Sephadex chromatography to isolate microsomal nascent polypeptides, we have shown that this initial step of intermolecular covalent assembly occurs, to a substantial extent, on nascent heavy chains, as well as on completed heavy chains as previously demonstrated by others. In MPC 11 mouse myeloma cells, completed light chains are assembled covalently to nascent heavy chains, whereas in MOPC 21 mouse myeloma cells, completed heavy chains are assembled covalently to nascent heavy chains. These results are consisted with the heavy-light half-molecule being the major initial intermediate in the assembly of MPC 11 IgG2b and heavy-heavy dimer being the major initial intermediate formed in assembly of MOPC 21 IgG1. The nascent MPC 11 heavy chain must be at least 38,000 daltons in size before assembly with the light chain occurs, even though the heavy chain cysteine involved in this disulfide bond is 131 residues (approximately 15,000 daltons) from the NH2 terminus. In addition, pulse-chase labeling studies of MPC 11 cells have shown that the assembly of completed light chains with the nascent heavy chain must occur within a few minutes of the synthesis of the light chain even though a large excess of unassembled MPC 11 light chains remain inside the cell for an average time of 2 h before being secreted. | 109,440 | [
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Studies on the association of cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase during catalysis in a reconstituted hydroxylating system. | The interaction between cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase during catalysis has been investigated with a reconstituted monooxygenase system composed of the two purified enzyme components and synthetic phospholipid. Steady state kinetic data are consistent with a scheme in which the formation of a binary complex between the two proteins precedes catalysis. The formation of this binary complex is described by a simple mass action equation. In agreement with this equation, the observed Vmax for benzphetamine N-demethylation was found to be directly proportional to the calculated concentration of the cytochrome P-450 . reductase complex. Furthermore, with appropriate reductase/cytochrome P-450 mole ratios, the Vmax could be shown to be linearly dependent on either the reductase or the cytochrome P-450 concentration alone. In contrast, the Km parameter is independent of the complex concentration, indicating that no change in the rate-limiting step has occurred. Thus a distinction should be made between a rate-limiting enzyme component and the rate-limiting step in this multienzyme system. | 109,441 | [
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Complement-dependent histaminase release from human granulocytes. | The role of particle-bound complement proteins in the induction of noncytotoxic enzyme release from human granulocytes was investigated with the use of sera genetically deficient in complement and highly purified complement components. Release of histaminase, one of two important histamine catabolizing enzymes, and beta-glucuronidase from polymorphonuclear leukocytes was solely dependent on particle-bound C3b (the larger cleavage product of the third component of complement) when fluid-phase complement was excluded. The extent of enzyme release was a function of particle-bound C3b input, was reduced by exposing the particles to C3b inactivator, and was blocked by fluid-phase C3b. Phagocytosis of the C3b-coated particles was not required for enzyme release from neutrophils. In contrast, phagocytosis of "opsonized" particles was required for noncytotoxic release of histaminase and arylsulfatase from eosinophils; other proteins, as well as C3b, were able to opsonize particles for induction of enzyme release from eosinophils. These studies suggest a dual role for complement (particularly C3) in modulating vascular permeability phenomena, i.e., release of vasoactive mediators by the action of C3a and C5a, and release of the corresponding enzymes that inactivate the mediators by C3b. | 109,469 | [
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The immunohistolocalization of carbonic anhydrase in rodent tissues. | Carbonic anhydrase has been localized with an immunoenzyme bridge technique in the following sites in paraffin sections of fixed rodent tissues: gastric parietal cells, the brush border of enterocytes in the small intestine, superficial nongoblet cells of the colon, selective segments of the nephron, glial cells, erythrocytes and adipose cells. Immunocytochemical localizations of carbonic anhydrase isozymes I and II in different histologic sites, by means of affinity column purified antibodies, agreed with the distribution of these enzymes in the various sites, as indicated by immunologic assays. The immunocytochemical results are compared with those reported for the cobalt-bicarbonate cytochemical method and with biochemical knowledge of the occurence of carbonic anhydrase. | 109,495 | [
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Attempts to control clothes-borne infection in a burn unit, 3. An open-roofed plastic isolator or plastic aprons to prevent contact transfer of bacteria. | An open-roofed plastic isolator was built in a single patient isolation room in a burn unit. It was designed to prevent contact contamination only, as this had been shown to be the important route of cross-colonization in the unit. To exclude any possible effect on airborne transfer of bacteria, the isolator was first examined by means of an airborne particle tracer of the same size as bacteria-carrying particles. Such experiments indicated that the isolator might prevent some transfer out of but not into the isolator. This was not confirmed in simulated nursing experiments nor in a patient study, where the air counts of bacteria were practically the same inside and outside the isolator wall. Two patients only were nursed in the isolator. Both patients acquired exogenous colonizations from other patients, one with Ps. aeruginosa and the other with S. aureus. Nursing in the isolator was difficult and staff-demanding. In simulated nursing experiments, plastic aprons and gauntlets as the only protective measures against contact contamination gave as much protection to a mock patient as did the isolator. S. aureus were released from nurses' clothes more easily during work with the isolator than in open nursing with aprons and gauntlets. In conclusion, the isolator did not seem to be a realistic alternative to impermeable clothes such as plastic aprons as a means of preventing clothes-borne cross-contamination between burn patients. | 109,499 | [
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Adaptive differentiation of murine lymphocytes. III. T and B lymphocytes display reciprocal preference for one another to develop optimal interacting partner cell sets. | Responses to the synthetic terpolymer L-glutanmic acid, L-lysine, L-phenylalanine (GLphi) and hapten derivatives thereof are controlled by two complementing H-2 linked Ir genes in the mouse. F1 hybrids derived from two different nonresponder strains (one of which possesses the alpha and the other beta Ir-GLphi gene) are phenotypic responders to GLphi and 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP)-GLphi. Moreover, spleen cells from DNP-GLphi-primed F1 mice can adoptively transfer secondary anti-DNP antibody responses to irradiate been challenged with DNP-GLphi. When, however, GLphi-primed F1 helper T cells are transfered together with the DNP-specific F1 B cells that had been primed in separate mice altogether by DNP coupled to an unrelated protein carrier, such mixtures failed to develop adequate adoptive secondary anti-DNP responses to DNP-GLphi. This contrasted with the ability of the same GLphi-primed F1 T cells to provide helper activity for DNP-primed B cells from responder recombinant B10.A (5R) mice. More important, the apparent defect of GLphi-primed F1 T cells in providing help for DNP-primed F1 B cells (primed to a DNP-protein conjugate) could be readily overcome by using DNP-primed B cells from donor F1 mice primed with DNP-GLphi. As discussed herein, these results suggest that interacting T and B lymphocytes pair off into partner cell sets, any pair of which interact optimally when a "best fit" reciprocal self-recognition occurs between them. | 109,519 | [
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Shared N-terminal sequences in monclonal IgMkappa and IgGkappa proteins from a patient with a complex multiple paraprotein disorder. | The N-terminal sequence analyses were performed on the heavy (H) and light (L) chains of the idiotypically identical IgM kappa and IgG kappa paraproteins isolated from the serum of patient, Cam. The N-terminal 39 residues of the kappa chains of the IgM and IgG were identical and belonged to the human V kappa III subgroup. This sequenced stretch included the first L chain hypervariable region. The N-terminal 27 residues of the variable regions (VH) of the respective mu and gamma heavy chains were also identical and belonged to the human VHIII subgroup. These identical VH sequences were unique with lysine residues at positions 13 and 19. This dual lysine substitution has not been seen in 37 other human VHIII sequences reported in the literature. This N-terminal sequence homology in the V-regions of Cam IgM kappa and IgG kappa paraproteins and the shared idiotypy expressed by Cam IgM, IgG, and IgA proteins strongly suggest the existence of complete structural homology in the variable regions of the and L chains of these Ig molecules of three separate Ig classes. At the cellular and genetic level, these results point toward a common clonal origin for the idiotypically related Ig molecules and suggest that identical V-region (VH and VL) genes were utilized by the Cam lymphoid clone in the biosynthesis of the respective IgM, IgC, and IgA proteins. | 109,522 | [
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C1q: isolation from human serum in high yield by affinity chromatography and development of a highly sensitive hemolytic assay. | C1q, a subcomponent of the first component of complement, has been isolated from human serum in fully hemolytically active form by affinity column chromatography and gel filtration with Bio-Gel A-5M. The affinity column was prepared by covalent coupling of purified human IgG to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B. Final yields of C1q ranged from 25 to 40% with 650- 890-fold purification based on recovery of hemolytic activity. The preparations were free of contaminating serum proteins as judged by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic and immunochemical criteria. The final C1q preparations were also devoid of any demonstrable C1q-inhibitor activity. A C1q-depleted reagent (C1qD) was obtained from the nonabsorbed protein containing fractions of the human IgG-Sepharose 4B affinity column and utilized in conjunction with sensitized sheep erythrocytes (EA) for the detection and quantitation of C1q hemolytic activity. Employing optimal quantities of C1qD in the hemolytic assay mixture, the highly purified C1q preparations contained 0.5 to 1 x 10(13) effective molecules/mg and 0.5 to 1 x 10(12) effective C1q molecules/ml of human serum. This assay would therefore reproducibly detect less than 1 ng of C1q hemolytic activity. | 109,524 | [
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Studies on the terminal stages of immune hemolysis. VI. Osmotic blockers of differing Stokes' radii detect complement-induced transmembrane channels of differing size. | We have previously shown that 0.1 M EDTA could be used to distinguish functionally different transmembrane channels produced during complement-(C) mediated hemolysis of E. In this paper we have studied the ability of sugars of varying Stokes' radii to prevent hemoglobin release from E intermediates whose lysis was inhibitable or not inhibitable by EDTA. On the basis of these experiments we propose that the inhibition of E transformation by high molarity EDTA occurs by virtue of the size of the EDTA molecule in solution. Studies on the effect of EDTA on red cell lysis induced by polyene antibiotics that form transmembrane channels of a defined size support this conclusion. The results of these experiments were interpreted to mean: 1) The EDTA inhibitable lesion of E has a smaller effective radius than the noninhibitable lesion; 2) the effective radius of the smallest lesion that yields a lytic site was less than 3.6 A; 3) the lesions produced in the red cell membrane by C are not uniform but vary in size depending on the C9 to SACl-8 ratio used to produce E. | 109,541 | [
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Aging of melanocytes. | Choroidal melanocytes of the eyes of postnatal animals are classified as postmitotic terminally differentiated cells. They have specific granules, the melanosomes, which undergo changes qualitatively and quantitatively correlated to the animal's increasing age. Epidermal melanocytes, which normally divide only on demand or by stimulation, are classified as intermittent mitotic cells. During their development, lentigines and nevi of the skin show progressive ultrastructural and cytochemical changes similar to those in the choroidal cells, and thus may be considered as aging populations of skin melanocytes. These facts have led to the conclusion that choroidal melanocytes may be used advantageously as a model for studying changes in cells from maturation to senescence. | 109,543 | [
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Measurement of urinary kallikrein acitvity by kinin radioimmunoassay. | We have established a simplified assay system for the measurement of urinary kallikrein activity by utilizing the sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay system of kinins previously reported from our laboratory. Kinins were generated by incubating urine samples (50 microliter) with kininogen (1500 ng) in the presence of kininase inhibitors, and the generated kinins were measured by radioimmunoassay. Since the cross reactivity of kininogen in the kinin radioimmunoassay system was not recognized at dose up to 1.0 microgram, the amount of untreated kininogen in the radioimmunoassay samples did not interfere with the measurement of kinins. This eliminated the necessity for a kininogen extraction procedure. A good linear correlation (r = 0.939, p less than 0.001) was observed between the urinary kallikrein activity determined by this assay system (kininogenase activity) and that by esterolytic acitvity. Urinary kallikrein activity was 3.3 +/- 0.9 microgram/min/24 hour urine (mean +/- SEM), 1.4 +/- 0.4 microgram/min/24 hour urine and 0.25 +/- 0.06 microgram/min/24 hour urine in 6 normal subjects, 7 patients with non-complicated essential hypertension and 4 patients with chronic renal failure, respectively. Thus, urinary kallikrein activity was significantly lower in the patients with essential hypertension (p less than 0.05) and the patients with chronic renal failure (p less than 0.01) than in the normal subjects. | 109,645 | [
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Fatal tuberculosis in young children. | Three young children with advanced cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis died between 1974 and 1978. Two of the patients had tuberculous meningitis as well. All diagnoses were verified at autopsy; however, all tuberculin skin tests were negative. These instances emphasize the difficulty of establishing the diagnosis of tuberculosis in young children. Tuberculosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cavitary chest disease in young children, even those with negative tuberculin skin tests. | 109,806 | [
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Initiation of translation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage PP7 RNA: nucleotide sequence of the coat cistron ribosome binding site. | Initiation complex formation between PP7 RNA and ribosomes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli has been investigated. The PP7 RNA fragments protected by both species of ribosome have been isolated, and their sequences have been determined. Only one binding sites is available on the intact PP7 RNA strand, and this site is recognized by ribosomes of both species. The PP7 RNA binding site is approximately 38 nucleotides long. It contains two AUG sequences and a purine-rich segment near the 5'-end that is complementary to segments near the 3'-ends of the 16S ribosomal RNA's of both P. aeruginosa and E. coli. In order to establish which of the AUG codons acts as the initiator, the H2N-terminal amino acid sequence of PP7 coat protein was determined. This sequence is compatible with the codon sequence following the second AUG codon. The extent of the reaction of PP7 RNA with E. coli ribosomes is greater than with P. aeruginosa ribosomes, but our results do not indicate a qualitative difference in the initial interaction between intact PP7 RNA and the ribosomes of either species. | 109,813 | [
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Rapid evolution of animal mitochondrial DNA. | Mitochondrial DNA was purified from four species of higher primates (Guinea baboon, rhesus macaque, guenon, and human) and digested with 11 restriction endonucleases. A cleavage map was constructed for the mitochondrial DNA of each species. Comparison of the maps, aligned with respect to the origin and direction of DNA replication, revealed that the species differ from one another at most of the cleavage sites. The degree of divergence in nucleotide sequence at these sites was calculated from the fraction of cleavage sites shared by each pair of species. By plotting the degree of divergence in mitochondrial DNA against time of divergence, the rate of base substitution could be calculated from the initial slope of the curve. The value obtained, 0.02 substitutions per base pair per million years, was compared with the value for single-copy nuclear DNA. The rate of evolution of the mitochondrial genome appears to exceed that of the single-copy fraction of the nuclear genome by a factor of about 10. This high rate may be due, in part, to an elevated rate of mutation in mitochondrial DNA. Because of the high rate of evolution, mitochondrial DNA is likely to be an extremely useful molecule to employ for high-resolution analysis of the evolutionary process. | 109,836 | [
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Mutation generating a fragment of the major heat shock-inducible polypeptide in Drosophila melanogaster. | Drosophila melanogaster tissues carrying a third chromosome with the deletion Df(3R)Kar(D2) make a 40,000-dalton (Dal) heat shock protein not made by wild type. The unusual polypeptide was inducible in every tissue examined. Tryptic peptide fingerprints showed it to include part of the 70,000-Dal major heat shock protein. Mapping experiments placed the mutation responsible for the 40,000-Dal protein at or close to the kar(D2) deletion. One break point of the deletion is in subdivision 87A, close to or at a heat shock locus that codes for the 70,000-Dal protein. The results are consistent with the possibility that this break point is within a gene for the 70,000-Dal protein, leaving only the initial portion of its coding sequence. This would specify the direction of transcription of the mutant gene as proximal to distal on the normal chromosome. The 87A heat shock locus should contain at least two genes for the 70,000-Dal protein, because embryos homozygous for the kar(D2) deletion and lacking the heat shock locus at 87C, which also codes for the 70,000-Dal protein, nevertheless produced both the 40,000-Dal and the 70,000-Dal proteins upon temperature elevation. Using the presence of the 40,000-Dal protein to monitor chromosome segregation, we found that embryos homozygous for deletions of the heat shock puff site at 93D exhibited a normal electrophoretic pattern of heat shock proteins. | 109,841 | [
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[Protection from exertion-induced bronchial asthma with disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) (cromolyn, lomudal, intal) and with ketotifen (zaditen). Doubly crossed double-blind study ]. | 16 cooperative asthmatic patients with exercise-induced asthma (with more than 15% decrease in FEV1 after strenuous work on a treadmill with 10% upward; pulse rates over 180 per minute during the work-phase) were selected to take part in a double-blind crossover trial. The 8 women and 8 men, with ages ranging from 15 to 57 years (mean 25) underwent 4 exercise tests. The effects on exercise-induced asthma of 20 mg disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) inhaled with a spinhaler 30 minutes before exercise were compared to 2 mg of ketotifen taken orally 3 hours before exercise, and likewise DSCG was compared to a placebo powder inhaled with a spinhaler, and ketotifen with placebo tablets. The whole study lasted from January to March. Ten minutes after exercise the following changes in FEV1 (in percent of control value measured before exercise) were seen: after inhalation of a placebo powder the FEV1 decreased to 66% with an almost equal decrease after taking placebo tablets (67%) (0.45 greater than p greater than 0.40) whereas, in comparison, the decrease in FEV1 after DSCG (84%) is smaller than that after inhalation of a placebo powder (66%) (p less than 0.0025). In contrast to these results was the equal decrease in FEV1 after ketotifen (70%) (0.35 greater than p greater than 0.30) and placebo tablets (67%). Although a relatively high chosen dosage of ketotifen was given, it does not seem capable of inhibiting mediator release from the bronchial mast-cells as DSCG does. It is concluded that ketotifen given orally 3 hours before the exercise test is not effective against exercise-induced asthma. | 109,916 | [
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Adrenalectomy-oophorectomy and combined chemotherapy for carcinoma of the breast with metastases. | Thirty-one patients with carcinoma of the breast with metastases were treated by adrenalectomy-oophorectomy and randomized either for combined chemotherapy, vincristine, fluorouracil, methotrexate and thiotepa, beginning within one week after operation and continuing for three months or no chemotherapy. Statistical analyses were Gehan's modification of the Wilcoxon test for censored data, chi-square tests and life table analysis. Pretreatment characteristics--menopausal status, age, disease-free interval, prior hormone treatment and sites of metastases--of both groups were similar. Objective response occurred in 73 per cent of 11 patients in the treatment. A group compared with 47 per cent of 15 patients in the treatment B group, p greater than 0.50. Median duration to relapse in responders was 16 months in the treatment A group and 15 months in the treatment B group, p greater than 0.50. Median survival was 19 months in the treatment A group and 20 months in the treatment B group, p greater than 0.50. Results were not significant, and inclusion of five patients with less than three months of treatment, did not alter the results. Hence, the group receiving early symptomatic treatment did not show an improved response rate, improved duration of remission or enhanced survival time from ablative treatment. | 109,935 | [
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Systematic survey of monoclonal gammapathies in the sera from blood donors. | Routine screening of monoclonal gammapathies (M.G.) was performed on the serum of 13,914 blood donors by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Twenty-six cases of M.G. were detected corresponding to a frequency of 0.19 per cent. The incidence of the M.G. progresses with increasing age comparatively to the age distribution of the blood donors under investigation. Most of the M.G. detected can be classified as "asymptomatic" M.G. (23 of the 26) and heavy chain classes are only IgG or IgM with a large predominance of IgG class (about 90%). It is suggested that donors in whom M.G. have been detected should not be eligible for blood donation. A yearly clinical, hematologic and immunoglobulin checkup is recommended for these patients in order to detect a possible malignant transformation. | 109,954 | [
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Liver transplantation--1978. | The development of liver transplantation has been made difficult because of the enormous technical difficulties of the procedure and because the postoperative management in early cases was defective in many instances. With surgical and medical improvements, the prospects for success have markedly increased recently. The wider use of thoracic duct fistula as an adjuvant measure during the first 1 or 2 postoperative months is being explored. | 109,961 | [
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Percutaneous catheter drainage of abdominal abscesses guided by ultrasound and computed tomography. | Ultrasonography and computed tomography were used to diagnose, localize, and guide the percutaneous drainage of 24 intraabdominal and retroperitoneal abscesses in 23 surgical and medical inpatients 16 of whom had abscess formation as a postoperative complication. On the basis of anatomic detail from sectional imaging, safe percutaneous drainage routes similar to surgical approaches were defined. After confirmation by needle aspiration, one of two methods of percutaneous catheter introduction were used: (1) a modified Seldinger technique for placement of an 8 French pigtail catheter and (2) a trocar catheter technique for placement of a 12 or 16 French catheter. Once in position, the catheters were managed as a surgically placed drain. In 22 of 24 cases, percutaneous catheter drainage was curative with no surgery required. There were no deaths or recurrences with an average follow-up period of 12 months ranging from 1 week to 3 years. Percutaneous aspiration and drainage should be considered as an alternative to surgery in the treatment of intraabdominal or retroperitoneal abscess. | 110,038 | [
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Terminal phalangeal tufts: earliest site of renal osteodystrophy findings in hemodialysis patients. | Direct magnificaiton of the hands of 44 patients on maintenance hemodialysis showed that the earliest unequivocal changes of renal osteodystrophy occur in the tufts. Some workers made a similar observation, but no previous objective study confirmed or refuted the sensitivity of the tufts in the diagnosis of renal osteodystrophy. The macroradiograph is consistently reproducible and serves as an excellent visual record of subtle changes. | 110,065 | [
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The hypernephroma halo. | Most renal adenocarcinomas (hypernephromas) are characterized histologically by a dense, avascular, fibrous capsule. This capsule is rare or nonexistent in other benign or malignant renal tumors. The capsule was identified as a thin radiolucent stripe surrounding parts of the tumor periphery in 30 renal angiograms performed on a group of 70 patients with pathologically proven hypernephromas. Only one of 65 normal kidneys and 137 other benign or malignant renal tumors or pseudotumors exhibited angiographic evidence of this lucent stripe. This stripe is therefore referred to as the "hypernephroma halo." Its identification on an excretory urogram is occasionally possible; in five patients it was recognized prior to angiography suggesting the lesion causing it is a hypernephroma. | 110,074 | [
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An investigation into the distribution of radial immunodiffusion quality control data. | Quality control data from routine radial immunodiffusion assays for IgG, IgA, IgM, C3, C4 and alpha1-antitrypsin were tested by the Kolmogorov--Smirnov procedure for gaussian distribution. All but alpha1-antitrypsin were nongaussian in type. Further analysis of these date by plotting on log-normal probability paper showed them to have a log-normal distribution. Treatment of the date by either gaussian or nonparametric statistical methods produced little difference in confidence limits. It does not appear necessary to use nonparametric methods to calculate confidence limits from quality control data for the procedures studied. | 110,133 | [
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A guideline for anticipated blood usage during elective surgical procedures. | A realistic guideline for transfusion therapy was prepared, with the cooperation of the departments of anesthesiology and surgery, in order to reduce excessive crossmatching. The guideline recommends an ABO-Rh type and an antibody screen, instead of the ""routine'' two-unit crossmatch, for elective surgical procedures where blood is seldom used. For those operations normally necessitating hemotherapy, the number of units suggested for the preoperative crossmatch was determined by examination of the average number of units transfused in the past for that particular procedure. The guideline provides the anesthesiologic and surgical staff with the knowledge of how much blood was usually used during a particular elective surgical procedure and therefore how much blood should be preoperatively crossmatched for that procedure. Implementation of this guideline allows the blood bank to distribute its limited blood resources more efficiently and also decreases patient and laboratory costs. | 110,135 | [
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Diagnosis of lymphomatous leptomeningitis by cerebrospinal fluid lymphocyte cell surface markers. | We present a patient with metastatic lymphomatous leptomeningitis in whom the diagnosis was made on the basis of cerebrospinal fluid lymphocyte surface markers and later confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid cytology. The diagnosis of metastatic leptomeningitis can be elusive, and the differential includes a wide variety of infectious and noninfectious processes. We propose that lymphocyte surface marker studies can be a useful technique in expediting the evaluation of certain patients with lymphoma who have evidence of central nervous sytem involvement. | 110,146 | [
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0.172605,
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0.07304579,... |
Enteral and parenteral feeding to evaluate malabsorption in intestinal parasitism. | General evidence of malnutrition such as loss in body weight associated with intestinal parasitism has been attributed to decreased food intake, to intestinal malabsorption, and to change in host basal metabolism. To establish the relative importance of these factors in this regard, rats with trichinosis were studied. The weights of infected and uninfected animals were followed after being placed on one of three feeding regimens for 1 week--stock diet ad libitum, intraduodenal nutrition, and intravenous nutrition. Infected rats on a stock diet lost weight whereas those on the other two regimens maintained the same weight pattern as uninfected counterparts. The maintainance of body weight occurred despite alterations at the level of the intestinal brush border as indicated by a depression of intestinal disaccharidase activities (sucrase and lactase) and by reduction of monosaccharide absorption (measured as accumulation of beta-methyl glucoside) in the proximal, heavily infected region of the small intestine. There was no compensatory increase in enzyme activity nor in the absorptive capacity in the distal gut. Results support the conclusion that inadequate oral food intake rather than changes in basal metabolism or intestinal pathophysiology accounts for weight loss during the intestinal phase of infection. | 110,162 | [
-0.09420358,
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0.1258678,
-0.3675819,
0.0273081,
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0.003928588,
0.1828458,
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0.1093064,
0.1734375,
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0.5060658,
-0.06401385,... |
Operative and postoperative choledochofiberoscopy. | Choledochofiberoscopy is effective for both diagnosis and therapy. It is a valuable diagnostic technic because it permits a definite diagnosis and it allows the surgeon to determine the operative method by direct viewing and by biopsy of the biliary tract wall. Choledochofiberoscopy is therapeutically valuable because it permits cleaning of the bile duct, the removal of retained or remnant stones in the common and intrahepatic ducts, and the removal of granuloma and benign tumor with forceps under direct vision. | 110,167 | [
0.1261583,
0.2919967,
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0.03763361,
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0.02015148,
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0.2507313,
-0.2798911,
0.02533541,
0.04338977,
-0.1644463,
... |
Prolongation of pancuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade by intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin. | Based upon clinical observation of undue prolongation of pancuronium-induced blockade in the presence of intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin, neuromuscular blockades produced by pancuronium, succinylcholine and d-tubocurarine were studied in 51 cats using the sciatic-gastrocnemius nerve-muscle preparation. Pancuronium-induced blockade was found to be significantly prolonged (P less than 0.1) in the presence of a nitroglycerin infusion of 1 microgram/kg/min (65 vs. 127 min). Less, but still significant, prolongation occurred when nitroglycerin, 0.5 microgram/kg/min, was infused. The intravenous infusion of nitroglycerin must be started prior to the pancuronium injection for the block to be prolonged. Neuromuscular blocks produced by succinylcholine and d-tubocurarine were not altered by nitroglycerin. In experiments using the isolated rat diaphragm preparation, the depth of pancuronium-induced block was found not to be changed by nitroglycerin, suggesting an effect of nitroglycerin on the process of recovery from blockade. These findings indicate a selective pancuronium-nitroglycerin interaction. | 110,176 | [
-0.3179407,
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0.1714073,
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0.1189163,
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0.2575519,
0.4644094,
... |
Elevated concentrations in serum immunoglobulins due to infection by ovine progressive pneumonia virus. | Sixty-seven serum samples were obtained from 2 sheep flocks. Agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) was used to separate progressive pneumonia virus (PPV)-infected sheep from noninfected sheep by the presence of precipitating antibodies. Immunoglobulin (Ig), total protein, and albumin concentrations were then measured from all 67 sera to determine whether differences existed between PPV-infected and non-infected sheep. A significant difference (P less than 0.0005) was found in both total protein and Ig concentration between PPV-infected and noninfected sheep. This corresponding difference was absent in albumin measurements. The significant differences (P less than 0.0005) in Ig and total protein concentrations were then used to evaluate a field test for diagnosing progressive pneumonia. The possibility of using either total protein or Ig concentrations as a field test was found to be highly unlikely due to variation in individual values. | 110,182 | [
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0.4053391,
0.3043179,
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0.1995394,
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0.2829129,
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-0.2140359,
-0.03539272... |
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: analysis of airway and alveolar proteins. | Lavage effluents from the lungs of patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis were analyzed for soluble constitutents. Antiserums monospecific for normal plasma components, C-reactive protein, and secretory piece were used to investigate the presence of these proteins in lavage effluent, wheras 2-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis provided a comprehensive map of the major proteins that were present. The proteins of lung washing obtained from normal subjects and of patient and normal serums were similarly analyzed. Most of the soluble-phase proteins from lavage of patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis were also found in patient serum, and were present in amounts consistent with a theory that they originate from the plasma by passage through channels of approximately normal size and selectivity. This findings suggests that the abundant soluble protein found in the alveoli of the lungs of these patients does not arise by leakage through a serverly damaged blood-air barrier. Patients had in their lung lavage effluents 2 soluble proteins of molecular weights 47,000 and 52,000 daltons not found in their serum and not present in lung washings from normal subjects. Uniformly increased concentrations of immunoglobulins in patient lavage effluent, abnormal immunoglobulin concentrations in patient serum, and the presence of C-reactive protein in the serum from 4 of 5 patients indicate a response of the immune system to the disease process and suggest that an atypical hypersensitivity reaction may be involved. | 110,187 | [
-0.1004808,
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0.03191574,
0.2438024,
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0.3070136,
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0.04593106,
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0.2026056,
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0.02491017,
-0.1487969... |
Possible correlation between induction modes of hepatic enzymes by PCBs and their toxicity in rats. | Acute toxicity of individual PCBs, which were categorized as either phenobarbital (PB)- or 3-methylcholanthrene (MC)-type inducers, was examined in young male Wistar rats, comparing their effects on growth rate, organ weight and liver lipid content, 5 days after a single i.p. injection. PB-type PCBs (2,4,3',4'- and 2,5,2'5'-tetrachlorobiphenyl), which slightly increased a content of cytochrome P450, did not show any significant toxicity at a dose of 100 mg/kg. On the contrary, MC-type PCBs (3,4,5,3',4'-pentachloro- and 3,4,5,3',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl), which markedly increased a content of cytochrome P448, strongly reduced growth rate and weights of thymus and spleen at a dose of 10 mg/kg. Liver enlargement accompanied by fatty liver was also observed only with MC-type PCBs. 3,4,3',4'-Tetrachlorobiphenyl was also toxic at a dose of 50 mg/kg, in keeping with its weak MC-type-inducing ability. Pretreatment with MC affected neither growth rate, spleen weight, nor liver lipid content. These results suggest that the toxic potency of PCBs is related to their MC-type inducing ability, but the toxic characteristics are different from those of MC itself. | 110,191 | [
0.02287911,
0.0884255,
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0.13981,
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0.320467,
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0.174163,
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0.1484941,
0.4010908,
0.4645563,
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0.341374,
-0.3186167,
0.0824... |
Cutaneous melanoma in a patient with neurofibromatosis. | Although neurofibromatosis and cutaneous melanoma are both diseases of neuroectodermal origin, reports of their association are rare. The case history of a patient with histologically documented neurofibromatosis and a nodular melanoma unrelated to a cafe-au-lait spot or congenital nevus is reported, and the literature reviewed. The appearance of only one patient with neurofibromatosis in a series of 900 patients with melanoma suggests that these diseases are probably not associated with greater frequency than that predicted by chance alone. | 110,269 | [
-0.1987269,
-0.3366188,
-0.2520983,
-0.3251473,
-0.0093664,
-0.3065942,
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0.142149,
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0.2331258,
0.2272884,
0.04581715,
0.2674608,
0.05584296,
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0.... |
Selective nonoperative management of contained intrathoracic esophageal disruptions. | Eight patients with intrathoracic esophageal disruptions were managed nonoperatively and without pleural drainage. Criteria for nonoperative treatment included the following: disruption contained in the mediastinum or between the mediastinum and visceral lung pleura; drainage of the cavity back into the esophagus; minimal symptoms; and minimal signs of clinical sepsis. Cause of the esophageal perforation was pneumostatic dilatation (1 patient), vomiting (2), and a leak following esophageal operation (5). Antibiotics were administered intravenously to all patients; hyperalimentation was accomplished intravenously in 5, and nasogastric suction was used in only 1. The cavities contracted and the esophageal leaks sealed in all instances. Time before oral intake was resumed ranged from 7 to 38 days (average, 18 days). Days until discharge ranged from 15 to 52 days (average, 28 days). | 110,275 | [
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-0.3013534,
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0.1244931,
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-0.3671459,
0.1867338,
0.2384246,
0.1879961,
... |
Photoreactivation of ultraviolet irradiated blue-green alga: Anacystis nidulans and cyanophage AS-1. | Ultraviolet (UV) inactivation and photoreactivation of Anacystis nidulans and cyanophage AS-1 was studied at different wavelengths. UV inactivation of free phage particles and one and two hour host-phage complexes (intracellular phages) were exponential. UV resistance of plaque forming units was attained at the latter phase of latent period. Black, blue and white lights were able to photoreactivate the UV irradiated A. nidulans whereas green, yellow and red lights were not. However, incubation of A. nidulans for more than 2 hours in black light resulted in loss of viability but shift to red light caused significant recovery. This suggests the involvement of two types of photoreactivation, i.e. of photoenzymatic repair of DNA and of the repair of the photosynthetic apparatus of A. nidulans. | 110,290 | [
-0.09021742,
0.1313039,
-0.7371421,
-0.1260787,
-0.1090505,
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0.4068117,
-0.04023472,
0.01747822,
0.191168,
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0.05718165,
0.2107125,
-0.03833043,
0.2387579,
0.3628787,
-0.1149606,
... |
Messenger ribonucleoprotein complexes containing in vitro-synthesized 26S and 42S Semliki Forest virus RNA. | An extract derived from Semliki Forest virus (SFV) infected cells is described which catalyzes the synthesis of virus-specific RNAs. The newly-synthesized 26S and 42S RNAs are found complexed with protein as messenger ribonucleoproteins (mRNPs). These mRNPs either are non-membrane bound or are associated with large cytoplasmic lipoprotein membranes, and they are found as free mRNPs as well as mRNPs bound to ribosomal subunits, ribosomes, and polysomes. Following treatment with Tween 40 and deoxycholate, membrane-bound mRNPs containing in vitro-synthesized 26S RNA are dissociated and sediment at 33S. These membrane-dissociated mRNPs contain relatively little protein. In contrast, the free or ribosome-bound mRNPs, which are isolated as 30S to 160S particles, remain heterogeneous after detergent treatment and have a much higher protein content. Addition of purified, native 40S ribosomal subunits to the extract leads to the formation of complexes between the added ribosomal subunits and the newly-synthesized viral mRNA. The in vitro-synthesized 26S and 42S RNAs participate in the assembly of translational initiation and elongation complexes. | 110,291 | [
-0.1750421,
0.2944813,
0.1015422,
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0.1430018,
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0.2529834,
0.1803261,
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0.192577,
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0.171048,
0.237454,
0.03349252,
-0.22282,
0.0748... |
Hydrophobic membrane protein from chromatophores of Rhodospirillum rubrum. Structural and spectroscopic studies of monolayers and multilayers. | A hydrophobic, lipid- and pigment-free polypeptide from the chromatophore membrane of Rhodospirillum rubrum was spread from chloroform/methanol, pyridine and formic acid solutions at an air-water interface. Surface pressure versus area isotherms of the monolayers formed at the interface were partially dependent upon the spreading solvent used. From the surface area at 20 dynes/cm compression, an average molecular area of 12.9 nm2/molecule was calculated for a polypeptide monolayer spread from chloroform/methanol. Multilayers built up on germanium plates at different surface pressures were subjected to attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy. In all cases the amide I and II absorption bands were typical of alpha-helical and random conformations. Electron microscopy of transferred monolayers replicated by rotary platinum shadowing revealed domains of regular texture in specimens prepared at 20 dynes/cm. Such domains were virtually absent in specimens prepared at 10 and 30 dynes/cm. Light optical diffractometry of the ordered arrays yielded a smallest repetitive area of 13.5 nm2 which agrees well with the molecular area obtained from the monolayer surface. Although no drastic changes in secondary structure were detected in the course of this study, some conformational changes are indicated by solvent-dependent differences in the surface pressure versus area isotherms. | 110,346 | [
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0.2228324,
0.1755022,
-0.02834907,... |
Kinetic mechanism of the aliphatic amidase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. | The kinetic constants for hydrolysis and transfer (with hydroxylamine as the alternate acceptor) of the aliphatic amidase (acylamide amidohydrolase, EC 3.5.1.4) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa were determined for a variety of acetyl and propionyl derivatives. The results obtained were consistent with a ping-pong or substitution mechanism. Product inhibition, which was pH dependent, implicated an acyl-enzyme compound as a compulsory intermediate and indicated that ammonia combined additionally with the free enzyme in a dead-end manner. The uncompetitive activation of acetamide hydrolysis by hydroxylamine and the observation that the partitioning of products between acetic acid and acetohydroxamate was linearly dependent on the hydroxylamine concentration substantiated these conclusions and indicated that deacylation was at least partially rate limiting. With propionamide as the acyl donor apparently anomalous results, which included inequalities in certain kinetic constants and a hyperbolic dependence of the partition ratio on the hydroxylamine concentration, could be explained by postulating a compulsory isomerisation of the acyl-enzyme intermediate prior to the transfer reaction. | 110,350 | [
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0.0393598,
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0.1584355,
0.5038871,
-0.186277... |
Characterization of an inhibitor of the intracellular protease from Bacillus subtilis. | A specific inhibitor of intracellular serylprotease from Bacillus subtilis has been isolated from both growing and sporulating cells. Like other protease inhibitors isolated from eukaryotic cells, the inhibitor from B. subtilis is a thermostable protein. A purification method is described. The molecular weight estimated by Biogel filtration and SDS gel electrophoresis is about 15,500. Both proteolytic and esterolytic activities of intracellular protease are equally sensitive to inhibition. With azocoll or Z-tyrosine p-nitrophenylester as substrates, noncompetitive inhibition patterns are observed. The inhibitor has no effect on the proteolytic or esterolytic activities of the extracellular serylprotease. A similar thermostable inhibitor is also present in Bacillus megaterium. | 110,359 | [
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0.2290699,
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0.2... |
[Myoglobin content and oxygen tension in the muscle tissues in allergic reactions]. | The influence of sensitization to horse serum, brucelia and BCG, and the allergic reactions induced by these antigens, on the oxygen tension and myoglobin content in the muscle tissues was studied. The lowering of myoglobin concentration associated with higher sensitivity formation was noted only in sensitization to living microbial strains. The allergic responses of immediate and delayed types provoked the decrease in myoglobin content both in the heart and skeletal muscles. The tension of oxygen in the skeletal muscle was reduced. | 110,378 | [
-0.06976572,
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0.1509012,
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0.1211944,
0.1250014,
0.2421402,
0.07373209,
-0.213975... |
Aminopeptidase I activities in several microorganisms. | Aminopeptidase I activity which was found to be localized in the same subcellular fraction and to be similarly heat stable was partially purified by a common procedure from Escherichia coli B, Escherichia coli K12, Enterobacter aerogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, Serratia marcescens Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus vulgaris. The enzyme preparations were shown to contain a single animopeptidase active toward both leucylleucine and methionylalanylserine by mixed-substrate initial-velocity kinetic analysis. The Km value for leucylleucine was virtually identical for the aminopeptidases of all of the organisms, as was the Km value for methionylalanylserine. | 110,425 | [
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0.1657772,
0.3601677,
0.1248109,
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... |
Genes for the 70,000 dalton heat shock protein in two cloned D. melanogaster DNA segments. | Two hybrid plasmids, 56H8 and 132E3, which contain D. melanogaster (Dm) DNA segments coding for the 70,000 dalton heat shock protein, have been isolated (Schedl et al., 1978). The analysis of the sequence arrangement presented in the accompanying paper (Moran et al., 1979) shows that both Dm segments contain homologous regions composed of three distinct sequence elements which together define a common unit. We report here that the sequences complementary to the 70,000 dalton protein mRNA appear to be confined to a major portion of the largest element of the common unit and that the other sequence elements are located at the 5' end of the gene. We have also determined the cytogenetic location of the 70,000 dalton protein genes and have investigated whether these sites are transcriptionally active in salivary gland chromosomes. | 110,461 | [
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0.432972,
0.08314824,
-0.0786769... |
The formation of dihydrodiols from benzo[alpha]pyrene by oxidation with an ascorbic acid/ferrous sulphate/EDTA system. | In the oxidation of benzo[alpha]pyrene in an abscorbic acid-ferrous sulphate-EDTA system, four dihydrodiols were detected. Three, trans-4,5-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxybenzo[alpha]pyrene, trans-7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo[alpha]pyrene and trans-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dihydroxybenzo[alpha]pyrene were identified by their UV spectra and by direct comparisons of their chromatographic properties, using HPLC, with those of the authentic compounds. The fourth compound appeared to be trans-11,12-dihydro-11,12-dihydroxybenzo[alpha]pyrene since its ultraviolet spectrum was identical to that of the cis-dihydrodiol. Time-course experiments showed that the maximum amounts of products were obtained after 8 h of oxidation. A re-examination of the dihydrodiols formed from benzo[alpha]pyrene by rat-liver microsomal fractions failed to show the formation of the trans-11,12-dihydrodiol. | 110,476 | [
-0.2188779,
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0.4129072,
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0.3752574,
0.3492813,
-0.3602374,
0.0770... |
[Fourier transform analysis of glycolipid depots in Fabry's disease]. | An application of the Fourier Transform Process to the Fabry inclusion study has been made. The study, which rests upon five tissues and eight persons, brings out a new low frequency stratification. Various degrees of freedom exist for the basic molecule association. The periods are given for the three fundamental directions of the inclusion. | 110,486 | [
-0.1293847,
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0.2526274,
0.2236377,
0.3093427,
-0.03603438,
... |
Biochemical and serological studies on Pasteurella multocida isolated from cattle in the Sudan. | Of 42 strains of Pasteurella meltocida isolated from different outbreaks of hemorrhagic septicaemia and from healthy cattle in various parts of the Suden, 38 belonged to Carters' type B and four to type E. The strain used for vaccine production was type E. With respect to somatic antigen determination, there was some correlation between the results of the gel diffusion and the agglutination tests as most strains reacted with 0 groups 6 antisera in both tests. However, some antigens cross-reacted with antisera of different 0 groups in the gel diffusion test. No correlation was observed between the pattern of biochemical reactions and the serological types. | 110,516 | [
-0.03059091,
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0.3532382,
0.2569346,
0.5329152,
0.009609323,
-0.2555774,... |
[The effect of parenteral nutrition on cellular immune status in patients with gastrointestinal cancer]. | In a pilot study, the distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood and skin tests with recall antigens have been examined in 42 patients with gastrointestinal cancer before and during a perioperative parenteral hyperalimentation. Concerning the calories and the concentrations of amino acids and carbohydrates, two different solution regimens were applied. During parenteral nutrition with 2400 and 2200 kcal especially the absolute numbers of lymphocyte subpopulations increase reflecting the changes of total lymphocyte count. There was no marked difference between the 2 groups. Both solutions are qualified to balance the preoperative catabolic situation indicated by preoperative lymphopenia. This kind of parenteral nutrition did not influence the patient's cellular immunological status which was tested by 3 recall antigens. It must, however, be considered that the physical i.e. nutritional situation of the patients was not reduced to an extent where the immunological status was impaired. Our results suggest that in the perioperative period cancer patients should be supported by hypercaloric parenteral nutrition. On the other hand more sensitive immunological tests such as DNCB for skin testing and functional assays for in vitro tests are necessary to assess the effects of this kind of therapy. | 110,558 | [
0.1086112,
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-0.2154938,
0.1302185,
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0.06673535,
0.09095894,
-0.001522286,
-0.5378321,
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0.3609387,
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0.4005105,
0.07969437,
0.3436682,
0.08874536... |
Choleresis and cholestasis produced by infusion of taurocholic acid or taurodehydrocholic acid combined with BSP in the rhesus monkey. | To study the determinants of BSP Tm in rhesus monkeys, animals with indwelling silastic catheters were infused with sufficient BSP to produce a rising plasma concentration and normal saline or taurocholic acid 3.5 mumol/min, 7.0 mumol/min, or 10.5 mumol/min. BSP Tm was 3.84 +/- 0.11 mg/kg/10 min during normal saline infusion, 5.52 +/- 0.53 mg/kg/10 min during taurocholic acid 3.5 mumol/min, despite greater bile flow with the latter compound. Higher infusion rates of taurocholic acid inhibited BSP Tm and the proportion of conjugated BSP secreted into bile, as well as bile flow and bile acid secretion. Taurodehydrocholic acid 7.0 mumol/min produced similar but less marked effects. These results indicate that bile flow does not explain the effects of bile acids on BSP Tm and suggests that bile acids exert varying effects on BSP transport or binding in micelles. The cholestasis observed with combined BSP and higher bile acid infusion rates is probably due to inhibition of liver cell intermediary metabolism or to liver cell toxicity. | 110,571 | [
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The influence of attending on seizure activity in epileptic monkeys. | Six studies are presented on the influence of attending upon epileptic activity in the alumina-gel monkey model of focal motor and secondarily generalized tonic--clonic seizures. Seizure frequency and EEG paroxysms are reported during (a) scheduled feeding periods, (b) visual attending, and (c) three different operant tasks, including the conditioning of single neurons. An explanatory hypothesis of the cumulative data is proposed in terms of the different bursting behavior of group 1 (strongly epileptic) and group 2 (weakly epileptic) neurons of the epileptogenic focus. It is suggested that attending, or participation in operant tasks, results in a decrease in bursting of group 2 neurons and a disruption of synchrony between group 1 (pacemaker), group 2, and normal neurons. This desynchronization is said to lower the probability of an ictal event occurring either during or immediately following an operant task. Attending factors may be responsible for some of the conflicting findings in therapeutic studies of epilepsy which have not controlled for this parameter. | 110,584 | [
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Renal excretion of proteins and enzymes in workers exposed to cadmium. | The proteinuria rate and the relative clearances of beta 2-microglobulin, orosomucoid, albumin, transferrin and IgG were measured in forty-two workers exposed to cadmium and in seventy-seven control workers. A tubular type proteinuria with an increased excretion of beta 2-microglobulin and often also a glomerular type proteinuria with an increased excretion of orosomucoid, albumin, transferrin and IgG were observed mainly in workers exposed to cadmium for more than 25 years and whose cadmium concentration in blood exceeded 1 microgram Cd/100 ml and that in urine 10 microgram Cd/g creatinine. The glomerular dysfunction was also suggested by an increased plasma level of beta 2-microglobulin and creatinine. Both tubular and glomerular impairments occurred with the same prevalence and were not necessarily associated. The increased release of beta-galactosidase by the kidney suggested that cadmium can damage some epithelial cells. | 110,596 | [
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Rural and urban family planning services in the United States. | Family planning programs have become more efficient. It cost $66 per patient in 1976 to provide services in both rural and urban programs--the same cost reported in 1971, despite a 40 percent increase in prices since that time. Rural programs are dominated by health departments, lack health professionals, are more likely to insist teenagers have parental consent. | 110,616 | [
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Partial trisomy 6p. | A case of trisomy 6p21 leads to 6pter resulting from a maternal balanced t(2;6)(p25;p21) translocation is reported. The main clinical abnormalities were psychomotor retardation, hypotrophy, blepharophimosis, nystagmus, high nasal bridge, small mouth, sacral dimple, and systolic murmur. Other anomalies might have been due to partial 2p monosomy. Comparison with seven other cases of trisomy 6p allowed the delineation of a clinical entity. Direct proof of the localization of HLA genes was given by the presence of three haplotypes in the index patient. | 110,670 | [
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[Plasma protein levels during postoperative parenteral feeding]. | In 58 adult intensive care patients, the concentration changes of some plasma proteins and of the immunoglobulins IgA, IgG and IgM were examined postoperatively under parenteral feeding. In three groups of patients with different operations (trepanation, gastrectomy, vascular surgery), the initial and subsequent values were not the same. A comparison with simultaneous nitrogen balances showed no complete agreement. Transferrin, retinol-binding protein and prealbumin seem to be suitable parameters for the measurement of catabolism. | 110,676 | [
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[Physiologic-chemical parameters during postoperative infusions]. | Individual parenteral alimentation with infusions of combined carbohydrates and amino-acids produced no clinical side effects, however, the electrolyte, acid-base and phosphate balance had to be observed strictly. | 110,678 | [
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Behavior of Escherichia coli K antigens K88ab, K88ac, and K88ad in immunoelectrophoresis, double diffusion, and hemagglutination. | Porcine enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains were found to possess a variant of the K88 antigen provisionally termed K88ad. We propose to include this antigen into the international E. coli typing scheme. Ultrasonic extracts of field strains of E. coli possessing the K88ab, K88ac, or K88ad antigen and their E. coli K-12 K88+ transconjugants showed a specific K88 precipitation line in immunoelectrophoresis and double diffusion only when grown at 37 degrees C, but not when grown at 18 degrees C. By using agarose gels, K88ab, K88ac, and K88ad antigens showed anodic mobility in immunoelectrophoresis. When using Difco Noble agar gels, K88ad was not mobile or anodic, K88ab was cathodic; K88ac of 17 strains was cathodic and of 24 strains was anodic. The immunoelectrophoretic behavior of a K88 antigen (K88ab, K88ac, or K88ad) did not alter after transfer of the corresponding plasmid to E. coli K-12. Anodic and cathodic K88ac antigens could not be distinguished serologically. The differences between the results obtained in Noble agar gels and agarose gels are due to electro-endosmotic flow. We describe a procedure which increases the detection level of K88+ transconjugants in a mating mixture. It is based on the specific mannose-resistant attachment of K88+ cells to guinea pig erythrocytes. | 110,679 | [
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Studies on gonococcus infection. XVIII. 125I-labeled peptide mapping of the major protein of the gonococcal cell wall outer membrane. | The major outer membrane proteins from 10 gonococcal strains were examined after 125I-labeling of the proteins as single bands resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. These 125I-proteins were then treated with either trypsin or alpha-chymotrypsin, and the resultant 125I-peptides were visualized by autoradiography after two-dimensional electrophoretic and chromatographic separation on thin-layer cellulose sheets. Several 125I-peptides were present in all the major outer membrane proteins examined. The presence and absence of additional 125I-peptides segregated the major proteins into two pattern groups. One group consisted of major outer membranes with molecular weights of 34,000 or 33,000; major proteins with molecular weights of 32,000 constituted the other group. Two beta-lactamase-producing gonococcal isolates were examined. Their major outer membrane proteins were identical in apparent molecular weights and alpha-chymotryptic 125I-peptide fingerprints; these proteins contained 125I-peptides not found in other gonococcal major proteins. No 125I-peptide differences were found among the major outer membrane proteins of strain F62 gonococci that exhibited differences in piliation and/or colony opacity characteristics. | 110,681 | [
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Effect of type-specific active immunization on the development and progression of experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa endocarditis. | Rabbits with intracardiac catheters were immunized with heat-killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa or saline and challenged with either 10(9) (high inoculum) or 10(7) (low inoculum) pseudomonas. Immunization did not decrease the incidence of endocarditis when compared with controls, but it did significantly prolong survival. The longer survival of immunized rabbits after high-inoculum challenge was not due to prolongation of the course of endocarditis but to type-specific protection from early, overwhelming bacteremia. However, after low-inoculum challenge there were no early deaths and there was a significantly (P < 0.01) longer survival of immunized (17.4 days) than unimmunized (10.6 days) animals dying of endocarditis. Increased survival was associated with higher total and 2-mercaptoethanol-resistant hemagglutinating antibody titers 1 week after challenge in immunized as compared with unimmunized rabbits. Early (48 h after challenge) vegetation colonization was also significantly (P < 0.05) greater after type-specific as opposed to non-type-specific or saline immunization and low-inoculum challenge. However, whereas 67% of type-specifically immunized rabbits had colonized vegetations at 48 h, only 38.9% died with bacteremic endocarditis. Another 19.2% of immunized rabbits had vegetations colonized with > 10(5) colony-forming units of pseudomonas at elective sacrifice 2 weeks after challenge but no bacteremia; no unimmunized rabbit exhibited similar late colonization. Preexisting antibody may be important in the pathogenesis of pseudomonas endocarditis in drug addicts, and its presence may explain the subacute and often protracted course of the disease. | 110,689 | [
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Isoproterenol and aminophylline reduce lung capillary filtration during high permeability. | Pseudomonas bacteremia in sheep causes a prolonged increase in lung vascular permeability to protein. Isoproterenol and aminophylline could effect lung fluid balance after Pseudomonas by reducing vascular pressures or by blocking release of permeability mediators. We measured vascular pressures, lung lymph flow, and lymph and plasma protein concentrations in unanesthetized sheep under baseline conditions and during steady-state increased permeability after Pseudomonas. Pseudomonas caused pulmonary vascular pressures to rise and lung lymph flow to increase fivefold, but lymph/plasma protein concentration did not change. Pulmonary vascular pressures and lung lymph flow decreased during intravenous infusion of isoproterenol and aminophylline. The decrease in lymph flow after isoproterenol and isoproterenol plus aminophylline was linearly related to the decrease in microvascular pressure (r = 0.71). Lymph/plasma total protein concentration ratios and lymph clearance of proteins with molecular radii 36--96 A remained high during isoproterenol and aminophylline. These drugs can substantially reduce transvascular filtration primarily because they reduce lung vascular pressures. | 110,756 | [
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Isolation and structure elucidation of a novel griseorhodin. | Three antibiotics possessing cytotoxic properties were isolated from a strain of Streptomyces griseus (FCRC-57). One was found to be identical with griseorhodin A. A second, FCRC-57-U, was found to be identical to griseorhodin C. FCRC-57-G is a new antibiotic structurally related to griseorhodins A and C, and is active against KB cells in vitro. The structure of this new antibiotic was determined using mass spectrometry, proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and synthesis. | 110,759 | [
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Selective association of the chromosome with membrane in a stable L-form of Bacillus subtilis. | A stalbe L-form (Sal-1) of Bacillus subtilis was found to have retained a markedly modified chromosome-membrane association when compared to intact cells. The membrane-deoxyribonucleic acid complex of the L-form was similar to that of its parental strain in quantity and stability. Genetic analysis of the L-form membrane-deoxyribonucleic acid complex revealed enrichment for markers close to the replication origin, but not for internal markers, indicating preferential attachment of the origin of chromosomal replication to the membrane. These results are in close agreement with those found for the parental bacterial form. In contrast, the replication termius region was not preferentially attached to the membrane of the L-form, even though it is enriched in the bacterial form. The association of the chromosome with the membrane at the replication terminus does not appear to be necessary for cell growth and separation, but because the L-form divides aberrantly, it may be one of the factors required for normal deoxyribonucleic acid segregation and septation. | 110,772 | [
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Altered membrane proteins in a minicell-producing mutant of Bacillus subtilis. | The Bacillus subtilis minicell-producing mutant divIV-B1 has a membrane protein profile that is strikingly different from that of the other minicell-producing mutant, divIV-A1, or that of wild-type strain CU403. | 110,785 | [
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Introduction of host-controlled modification and restriction systems of Bacillus subtilis IAM1247 into Bacillus subtilis 168. | Bacillus subtilis IAM1247 had two modification and restriction systems (Bsu1247I and Bsu1247II), the former producing an isoschizomer of PstI endonuclease. A transformant clone was isolated which had Bsu 168, BsuR, and Bsu1247I systems coexisting within a genome. | 110,786 | [
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Genetic location of the Bacillus subtilis sup-3 suppressor mutation. | The sup-3 suppressor mutation of Bacillus subtilis has been located between the aroI and mtlB loci by PBS-1 phage transduction. | 110,793 | [
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A precursor of cytoplasmic actin in cultured Drosophila cells. | In continuous lines of cultured Drosophila cells two forms of cytoplasmic actin, designated II and III, are detected after a 25- to 120-min pulse label with [35S]methionine. However, only one of these, actin II, accumulates in the cell. With the use of a pulse-chase protocol and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, it has been found that actin III is synthesized as a precursor of the more stable cytoplasmic actin II. The half-life of actin III was estimated to be approximately 50 min. | 110,818 | [
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Nuclease enhancement of specific cell agglutination in a serodiagnostic test for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. | Antiserum to a purified type R lipopolysaccharide antigen isolated from Neisseria gonorrhoeae was used in a slide agglutination test and compared with conventional carbohydrate utilization and fluorescent antibody tests to confirm the identity of laboratory cultures classified as typical or "atypical" N. gonorrhoeae. Cultures of Corynebacterium vaginalis, N. meningitidis, N. catarrhalis, N. sicca, and N. lactamicus were also tested in the slide agglutination procedure. The addition of both deoxyribonuclease and ribonuclease (1 mg/ml) to the cell suspension medium of phosphate-buffered saline improved the sensitivity and specificity of the agglutination reaction for N. gonorrhoeae. Problems relating to the agglutination test as an aid in identification of N. gonorrhoeae are discussed. | 110,830 | [
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Kinetics of biotransformation of clonazepam to its 7-amino metabolite in the monkey. | The pharmacokinetic behavior of the 7-amino metabolite of clonazepam administered exogenously and formed endogenously from the parent drug was studied in a group of rhesus monkeys using constant rate intravenous infusions. Plasma levels of the 7-amino metabolite and/or clonazepam were determined with a GC-CI-MS method. The biological half-life of the 7-amino metabolite (2.2 +/- 1.0 hr) was shorter than that of clonazepam (4.9 +/- 0.2 hr). Total body clearance of the metabolite (0.83 +/- 0.16 liters/hr/kg) was larger than that of the parent drug (0.55 +/- 0.09 liters/hr/kg). The kinetics of in vivo biotransformation were described by a two-compartment model in which formation and disposition of the metabolite follow first-order processes. The fraction of a dose of clonazepam appearing in the systemic circulation as 7-amino metabolite was 0.70 +/- 0.30. This value may underestimate the actual fraction formed, if the metabolite is susceptible to first-pass metabolism following in situ formation. | 110,917 | [
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Dietary protein and human pregnancy performance. | Low birth weight is an important predictor of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Women of low socioeconomic classes give birth to disproportionate numbers of low-birth-weight infants and eat poorer diets than those of higher classes. Although maternal weight gain in pregnancy is positively associated with birth weight, and although animal studies demonstrate the important effects of protein restricti-n on reproductive performance, the significance or lack thereof of diet in general and of protein intake in particular in pregnant women in generally well-nourished populations has not been established. The conflicting data on human pregnancy performance and diet are critically reviewed. | 110,926 | [
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Transurethral treatment of urethral diverticula in women. | Six women with urethral diverticulitis and a history of having had previous operations for diverticula were subjected to transurethral diverticulotomy with a knife electrode. Each patient had multiple diverticula, some compartmented, located in the mid or most proximal segments of the urethra. All patients have been relieved of the symptoms and infection during the postoperative period, varying from 1 1/2 to 7 years. | 110,944 | [
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Subjective distresses of nasogastric tube feeding. | Health care professionals assume that tube feeding is an unpleasant, distressing experience for patients, which is only partially substantiated by experience. Thirty patients were interviewed via a tube feeding and hospital experience checklist (a 47-item interview schedule). Common experiences were operationally defined as those felt by at least 50%; subjectively distressful experiences were those identified by patients as causing distress. The most common and most distressful experiences of nasogastric tube feeding were: sensory irritations and sensory deprivation. The psychosensory irritation experiences were: thirst, sore nose or throat, dry mouth, runny nose, a tube in the nose, taking food through a tube, breathing through the mouth, breathing with a tube in the nose, taking food in a treatment type container, and taking food with a different texture and smell than usual. The psychosensory deprivation experiences were: an unsatisfied appetite for certain foods, deprivation of tasting, chewing, swallowing food, and drinking liquids, limited mobility, and deprivation of regular food. Except for burping, gastrointestinal symptoms were not common though they were usually distressful. This information has been used to develop teaching programs which are being tested for effectiveness in reducing distress associated with nasogastric tube feeding. | 110,954 | [
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... |
Evolution of the technique of home parenteral nutrition. | Experience with use of the artificial kidney in the home led to the concept of self-infusion of parenteral nutrients at home. Originally called an artificial gut, the term has been changed to home parenteral nutrition. The original method proposed for circulatory access, a side-arm on an A-V shunt, failed and forced the development of a right atrial catheter which proved to be both safe and longlasting. A safe and rapid self-mix system of nutrient preparation was developed which made the patient independent of the hospital pharmacy. A wearable infusion device proved workable but was abandoned because it was unnecessary and greatly interfered with patient rehabilitation. A portable infusion system has been developed which facilitates patient mobility during infusions as well as patient travel. | 110,955 | [
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... |
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