title stringlengths 0 901 | abstract stringlengths 3 9.89k | PMID int64 22 25.3M | embedding listlengths 768 768 |
|---|---|---|---|
Antibacterial activity of a new parenteral cephalosporin--HR 756: comparison with cefamandole and ceforanide. | HR 756, a new parenteral cephalosporin that is beta-lactamase resistant, was tested against 271 bacterial isolates. Both agar and broth dilution testing were employed, using two media and two inoculum sizes of bacteria. Antibacterial activity of the drug was compared to that of cefamandole (CFM) and ceforanide (CFN). In agar, HR 756 was more active than CFM and CFN against all bacteria tested except isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, which were better inhibited by CFM. HR 756 exhibited some antipseudomonas activity in agar, although a marked inoculum effect was apparent. A comparison of median minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations in broth showed again that HR 756 was the most active of these three drugs. HR 756 demonstrated enhanced antibacterial activity compared to CFM and CFN against bacteria sensitive to all three drugs as well as against more resistant isolates of Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter species, and indole-positive Proteus. As with other cephalosporins, results for most bacteria were affected by inoculum size, medium, and type of dilution test employed in in vitro studies. | 112,919 | [
-0.2737613,
-0.3728499,
-0.2067371,
-0.2419596,
-0.3796282,
0.09570159,
-0.2179315,
0.1026274,
-0.1778906,
-0.1410585,
0.02089062,
0.2781255,
-0.005711074,
0.2037015,
-0.1399404,
-0.300465,
-0.3767155,
0.3332154,
-0.04556287,
0.2486391,
0.0588721,
-0.03242899,
0.422444,
... |
[Automatic activity of the pre-excitation pathways]. | The possibility of preexcitation pathways exhibiting automatic activity was demonstrated in 3 cases: in two cases electrophysiological studies supported this diagnosis which was confirmed in the third case by histological examination of the preexcitation pathway. During sinus node dysfunction, spontaneous or induced (by rapid right atrial pacing or by a reciprocating tachycardia), the substitute rhythm arose from the Kent Bundle either transiently or for a longer period: rhythms arising from the Kent Bundle can only be diagnosed after eliminating the possibility of an atrioventricular junctional rhythm conducted to the ventricles by Mahaïm fibres. | 112,935 | [
-0.3453101,
-0.04526157,
-0.3775147,
-0.1776915,
0.1440491,
-0.4071247,
-0.2281631,
-0.07929228,
0.05742745,
-0.09825673,
-0.01573611,
0.5158401,
0.1445937,
-0.2749814,
-0.394735,
-0.4143564,
-0.5125009,
0.05952593,
0.005306593,
-0.3258128,
0.4108486,
-0.03057143,
-0.0970... |
[Prinzmetal's angina initiated by interruption of exercise. 5 cases with normal coronary radiograms]. | Five male patients, aged between 31 and 58 years, presented with anginal chest pain with nausea and sweating after the interruption of exercise. Prinzmetal variant angina was observed during the recovery phase of exercise tolerance testing. Coronary arteriography and selective left ventricular angiography were normal in all cases. Ergonovine, used in one case, induced coronary artery spasm. The angina was eased by Nifedipine in three patients and passed off with time in the other two patients. In one case attack occurred with amiodarone therapy and in another with glyceril trinitrate, after normal exercise tolerance tests. Vagotonia, all the more pronounced when sympathetic tonus is increased, and hyperventilation seem to be the causative factors of what probably results from coronary artery spasm. Nifedipine, a calcium-blocking agent would appear to be the treatment of choice. | 112,938 | [
-0.3070728,
0.1815862,
-0.4639359,
-0.2813997,
0.01146827,
-0.0231706,
-0.3989661,
-0.5686784,
-0.164923,
-0.2208779,
0.2293876,
0.06932441,
-0.3172441,
-0.2351181,
-0.3761325,
-0.06915743,
-0.5715093,
0.1100973,
-0.01111056,
-0.1129736,
0.05054328,
-0.09919617,
0.1579201... |
[Effect of nitrate derivatives on the contractility and relaxation of papillary muscle in hypoxia and reoxygenation]. | The direct action of nitrate derivatives on myocardial contractility is not fully understood. The effects of Glyceryl Trinitrate (1 mM/L.) and Sodium Nitro prussiate (3 X 10(-5) M/L.) on papillary muscle were studied during 30 minutes hypoxia followed by 60 minutes reoxygenation: Both conditions were analysed every 5 minutes: 1. Contractility was assessed by maximal shortening velocity with no load (Vmax), maximal isometric force (PF), number of active cross-bridges and peak time (TPF), a characteristic of the period of activity. 2. Relaxation was assessed by the relaxation velocity (V relax) and the 1/2 relaxation time (THR). The two nitrate derivatives had the same effects: during anoxia, a notable reduction of the maximal force was observed; myocardial depression continued during the first 15 minutes of reoxygenation. After the 30th minute of investigation all parameters increased significantly (107-110 p. 100, p less than 0,01); TPF and THR returned to normal. A positive inotropic effect and improvement of the relaxation phase were observed at the end of reoxygenation. This effect is not attributed to improved segmental performance especially as it occurred at dosages close to those used in therapeutics. | 112,941 | [
-0.1791266,
-0.3328719,
0.007951519,
-0.0476928,
-0.06682784,
-0.1746874,
0.3035004,
-0.07389339,
-0.1979862,
0.1860354,
-0.1381418,
0.1524157,
-0.1475838,
-0.2094709,
-0.796287,
-0.4321426,
-0.430965,
0.2010458,
-0.04454945,
0.3745076,
0.2423375,
-0.03980592,
-0.2191875,... |
New derivatives of 6-hyroxy-coumaranone-2-acetic acid with anti-prostaglandin activity. | Sixteen new amide and ether derivatives of 6-hydroxy-coumaranone-2-acetic acid (1) were synthetized, some of which were screened pharmacologically for anti-prostaglandin activity. | 112,946 | [
-0.1062148,
0.2542579,
-0.07514666,
-0.008217393,
0.1659199,
0.1042165,
-0.4138094,
0.0458165,
0.08902008,
-0.3924643,
0.1595598,
0.05488738,
0.25688,
-0.3163648,
-0.5043386,
0.1018632,
-0.3602085,
0.3473893,
0.04158133,
-0.00310429,
0.362655,
0.02130235,
-0.1288729,
0.... |
Coagulation failure in babies with rhesus isoimmunization. | Serial prospective studies of coagulation status have been undertaken on 73 babies with a positive Coombs test. No abnormalities were detected in the babies with mild haemolytic disease, but seven of the 36 babies with severe haemolytic disease (cord Hb less than 11 g/dl or cord bilirubin greater than 85 mumol/1) showed evidence of transient defibrination 1 d after birth and another six had evidence of coagulation failure at birth with a platelet count of less than 150 x 10(9)/1 and a severe deficiency of multiple coagulation factors. The level of factor II and factor X was less than a fifth of the normal cord blood level in these six babies and the level of I, VII and IX was severely reduced; the factor VIII level was normal or high. Exchange transfusion started within 1 h of birth corrected the immediate factor deficiency in these six babies, but evidence of defibrination then became apparent with afibrinogenaemia, a marked fall in factors II and V, less constant falls in factors VII, IX and X, and a raised fibrin:fibrinogen degradation product level. One of these six babies died with severe pulmonary hypoplasia within an hour of birth; the other five died from haemorrhage into the lung or brain 1 1/2--6 d after birth. The very low vitamin-K dependent factor levels in the cord blood of the babies who died are presumably the result of liver damage in utero, but the subsequent changes are those of a comsumption coagulopathy. Simple screening tests at birth served to indicate which babies were at risk and it is concluded that death due to haemorrhage might be reduced by more intensive factor replacement before there is overt evidence of haemorrhage in these babies. | 113,026 | [
-0.2297953,
0.04293445,
0.05143344,
0.07851613,
0.5740542,
-0.3987761,
-0.02010928,
0.05053758,
-0.2912247,
-0.1109834,
0.2824595,
0.04348505,
0.1402842,
-0.08087924,
-0.2879847,
-0.06684669,
0.1196043,
0.2031239,
-0.005713671,
0.1892301,
0.3176976,
0.3544443,
0.0696156,
... |
Physical growth and neurointegrative performance of survivors of protein--energy malnutrition. | 1. The anthropometric measurements and neurointegrative performance of seventy-nine children aged 6--12 years who had survived kwashiorkor in early childhood were compared to those of 142 children who served as controls. 2. For the boys the differences in height and weight between those who had survived protein--energy malnutrition (PEM) and the controls were significant (P less than 0.01). 3. For the girls the differences in height and weight between those who had survived PEM and the controls were not significant. 4. In the tests chosen, the performances of the survivors of PEM was significantly poorer than that of the controls. 5. There was no improvement in the performance when thirteen survivors were reassessed at 10 years of age. 6. There was a significant difference in scholastic performance between the survivors of PEM and the normal controls. The scholastic performance of the siblings of PEM survivors was also significantly better than that of the PEM survivors. 7. The dietary intakes at the time of reassessment were unsatisfactory in 25% of the survivors, but did not relate to their scholastic abilities. | 113,027 | [
-0.1024749,
-0.6286369,
0.1208859,
-0.7242084,
-0.1334212,
-0.3479773,
-0.1457522,
-0.327264,
0.009995313,
-0.007042023,
0.1349866,
0.4859088,
-0.4554292,
0.3019375,
-0.4502001,
0.1954838,
-0.1131759,
0.3061225,
-0.3279878,
-0.09129903,
-0.1005838,
0.3509215,
-0.05880855,... |
Relation between erythrocyte selenium concentrations and glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) activities of New Zealand residents and visitors to New Zealand. | 1. Erythrocyte, plasma and whole blood selenium concentrations and glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9; GSHPx) activities were measured (1) in 104 healthy New Zealand residents living in Otago, a low-soil-Se area (2) in sixty-four surgical patients, including nineteen patients on total parenteral nutrition and twenty-three cancer patients (3) in fifty-two 'overseas subjects' (twenty-five visitors to Otago from outside New Zealand and twenty-seven Otago residents on return from overseas travel). 2. Blood Se concentrations reflected dietary Se intake; means for Otago patients, healthy subjects and overseas subjects were different 0.043, 0.059, 0.136 micrograms Se/ml blood respectively) and mean for overseas residents was greater than for New Zealand overseas travellers. 3. Erythrocyte Se concentration was always greater than plasma Se, and plasma Se was a smaller proportion of erythrocyte Se for patients compared with the controls. 4. GSHPx activities were different in the three groups, and varied directly with erythrocyte Se until a plateau was reached at approximately 0.14 micrograms Se/ml erythrocytes. 5. Overseas subjects showed no relationship between erythrocyte Se and GSHPx activity. This agrees with some overseas studies and the significance of this finding is discussed. 6. Plasma Se concentration remained the most sensitivie index of short-term changes in Se status, and erythrocyte Se and GSHPx activities for long-term changes in New Zealand subjects. Use of these measurements for overseas subjects with higher blood levels is discussed. | 113,028 | [
0.05021862,
-0.3891717,
-0.1205563,
-0.6320989,
-0.5011179,
-0.1909426,
-0.3161737,
0.1123189,
0.04435834,
0.4045323,
0.3315883,
-0.1526772,
-0.0567266,
0.03520366,
0.1490785,
-0.2036938,
-0.3734954,
0.2927445,
0.1809656,
0.1923542,
-0.3965639,
0.6624972,
0.1516634,
0.1... |
An agar--gel immunodiffusion test for detection of Brucella antibodies in human serum. | A comparison was made of results obtained with a Brucella agar--gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test and the standard tube-agglutination test on 612 human sera. Agreement between the tests was 97% when the titer was 1:160 or higher. Of 448 sera that showed no agglutination titer, 447 were negative with the AGID test. Results of the AGID test were also compared to those obtained with the 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) agglutination test on 148 sera that demonstrated a standard tube-agglutination titer of 1:20 or higher. All sera with a 2-ME-agglutination titer of 1:40 or higher were positive with the AGID test. Of 123 sera that showed no 2-ME-agglutination titer, 21 were positive with the AGID test. Two of these 21 sera were obtained from patients with bacteriologically proven brucellosis, and eight were from abattoir employees with suspected but not bacteriologically proven brucellosis. | 113,073 | [
-0.1941963,
-0.0770345,
0.2650279,
-0.03563621,
0.07648153,
-0.02254235,
-0.205934,
-0.02042371,
-0.000192293,
-0.4808717,
0.3127638,
0.1622099,
0.2457493,
0.268162,
-0.07350827,
-0.2410354,
-0.9336931,
0.01764303,
-0.6591086,
0.1266681,
0.5155647,
0.057246,
0.2382956,
... |
Combined modality therapy of hepatic metastasis. Northern California Oncology Group Pilot Study. | Twenty-two patients with adenocarcinoma metastatic to the liver were treated with rapid fractionation whole-liver irradiation (1350-2100 rads in 300-rad fractions) with simultaneous intrahepatic 5-fluorouracil (10-15 mg/kg/day) and intrahepatic Adriamycin 2.5-10 mg/m2/day) as part of a Phase I-II study. Of the 21 patients who completed therapy, 19 had colorectal carcinoma and 2 had metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown origin. Objective response was judged by measurement of liver size, evaluation of liver function tests, and by liver scan or CAT scan of the liver. Ten of the 21 evaluable patients responded, yielding an overall response rate of 47.6%. The response rate in patients with colorectal carcinoma was 55% (10/19). At this time, median duration of response is 14+ weeks and median survival from onset of therapy is 15+ weeks. Hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity were tolerable. No hepatic toxicity was documented. This combined modality therapy was found to be a safe effective method for the palliation of liver metastasis. | 113,078 | [
-0.1124265,
-0.1032331,
-0.06421483,
-0.1879775,
0.1315468,
-0.3423075,
0.01831872,
0.000987335,
0.1691566,
0.03437287,
-0.03162066,
0.0109581,
0.2168514,
0.02632413,
-0.2720454,
-0.1953957,
-0.2840666,
0.1954302,
0.2602377,
0.0401658,
0.108365,
0.1077831,
-0.0482391,
0... |
Modification of the effect of a gonadoliberin analog on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced rat mammary tumors by hormone replacement. | A gonadoliberin analog, (D-leucyl6, desglycyl-NH2(10), prolyl ethylamide9) gonadoliberin, is known to suppress ovarian function and plasma prolactin levels. Its antitumor activity was evaluated against mammary tumors induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. Observations were made when the analog, referred to as A-43818, was given alone and together with estrogen replacement or perphenazine, A-43818, 10 microgram s.c. twice a day for 6 weeks, was highly effective in producing tumor remissions. All of the 11 animals survived throughout the observation period, complete regressions occurred in 8 of 13 tumors, and 2 were classified as static. None of the 16 tumors in 12 control rats regressed, and there were 4 deaths. When estradiol benzoate, 2 microgram s.c. each day, was administered with the A-43818, antitumor activity was suppressed; only 2 of 17 tumors regressed, 6 were static, and 5 of the 10 rats in this group died. Perphenazine, 1 mg i.m. daily, a dose known to cause hyperprolactinemia, also impaired the efficacy of A-43818. Three of 14 tumors regressed, 6 were static, and the rest continued to grow; 3 of the 12 rats died within 6 weeks of starting treatment. | 113,083 | [
-0.07141331,
0.1660721,
-0.002385325,
-0.2718156,
0.1222408,
-0.1429142,
0.09777667,
-0.0175735,
-0.02866249,
0.03137468,
-0.1587037,
0.5470176,
0.04418491,
0.2028558,
-0.1557089,
-0.1101125,
-0.4914431,
-0.008786667,
0.3374183,
0.1473023,
0.1310104,
0.3541218,
-0.2588768... |
Influence of thyroid hormone on the development of peoptic-hypothalamic monoaminergic neurons in tadpoles of Bufo bufo japonicus. | The effect of thyroid hormone on the development of diencephalic monoaminergic neurons was studied in tadpoles of Bufo bufo japonicus. Monoamine-containing neurons in the preoptic recess organ (PRO) appeared later than those in the paraventricular organ (PVO) and nucleus infundibularis dorsalis (NID). After deprivation of thyroidal primordium no fluorescent neurons developed in the PRO. Development of monoaminergic neurons in the PVO and NID was not affected by thyroidectomy. Thyroxine treatment brought about the fluorescent neurons in the PRO of the thyroidectomized tadpoles. Fluorescent terminals in the median eminence became conspicuous around the capillaries which penetrated to the median emience, when the tadpoles reached late prometamorphic stage. In the median eminence of thyroidectomized tadpoles, the monoaminergic axon terminals did not develop. Thyroxine induced both the fluorescent terminals and the capillary penetration in the median eminence of the thyroidectomized tadpoles. In the tadpoles hypophysectomized at tail-bud stage, thyroxine induced neither the fluorescent terminals nor the capillaries in the median eminence. | 113,102 | [
0.1871893,
-0.4177226,
-0.2259629,
-0.116949,
-0.05588508,
-0.501779,
-0.004736736,
0.1806981,
-0.04711847,
0.3845777,
0.1949719,
0.1670091,
0.07282683,
-0.06003433,
0.2549637,
-0.07276645,
0.06955168,
0.3016507,
-0.03363435,
0.1114837,
0.2100806,
0.178219,
-0.02882265,
... |
[Association of brain glycoprotein (NSA 3) with neuronal membranes and with the nodes of Ranvier]. | The localisation of brain glycoprotein NSA 3 was studied by means of indirect immunofluorescence on alcohol fixed, paraffin embedded sections of Rat brain. These techniques allowed the localisation of NSA 3 to the membrane of some (about 10%) of the neurons. In the white matter, the patterns were in agreement with the localisation of the Ranvier nodes. The nodes of Ranvier were also stained in peripheral nerves. | 113,115 | [
0.2429723,
0.02105859,
0.0204431,
0.1347092,
0.00692693,
-0.2238071,
-0.4640576,
-0.2777875,
-0.1035008,
0.007797783,
0.09434421,
0.02020542,
0.3637383,
-0.180099,
-0.4409807,
-0.3690737,
-0.238275,
0.02710039,
0.08581145,
0.04739383,
-0.03374065,
-0.008205323,
-0.0813246... |
[Synthesis of juvenile hormones in vitro by the corpora allata of 5th stage larva of Locusta migratoria migratorioides (R and F) (Insecta, Orthopteroida)]. | Corpora allata of Locusta migratoria 5th stage larvae synthesize J.H.1, J.H.2 and J.H.3 in vitro. The C.A. of insects of different ages exbit different rates of J.H. synthesis. J.H.1 and J.H.2 synthesis is less than 1 ng/48 h/gland. During the same time the J.H.3 production may be as much as 25.6 ng/gland. J.H. synthetic activity is the same between right and left C.A. The release of J.H. from the C.A. occurs immediately following synthesis. These results are compared with in vivo haemolymphatic J.H. levels. | 113,127 | [
-0.222499,
-0.08841236,
-0.417242,
-0.3723532,
0.06302146,
-0.150852,
-0.6373712,
0.2300225,
0.1462689,
-0.1729788,
0.3588922,
0.1542633,
0.172182,
-0.1542608,
-0.7433097,
-0.1847917,
0.07438487,
0.0960803,
0.1563236,
0.1364858,
0.7992195,
0.1576999,
-0.4329597,
0.36373... |
Progressive visual failure in acromegaly following external pituitary irradiation. | Four out of twenty-three acromegalic patients selected for treatment with external megavoltage pituitary irradiation between 1961 and 1975 developed progressive visual failure. They had received megavoltage external irradiation through multiple portals from a cobalt-60 unit over a period of 3 weeks. Visual deterioration began 2 months to 6 years after irradiation. In two patients the optic nerves were explored. In both, post-mortem later confirmed radiation damage to the optic nerves and hypothalamus. In one case there was also necrosis of the right frontal lobe with necrosis and inflammation of the bone surrounding the pituitary fossa. In the two other patients, extensive clinical and neuroradiological investigation excluded the presence of a suprasellar mass as a cause for this visual failure and a clinical diagnosis of radiation necrosis was made. | 113,142 | [
-0.1383847,
0.02281332,
-0.1080807,
-0.2074896,
0.09154064,
-0.2928948,
-0.06536912,
-0.1990502,
-0.2339343,
0.03551696,
0.279469,
-0.2215295,
-0.2347671,
-0.2129135,
-0.4756656,
-0.0765112,
0.1829549,
0.3936906,
0.2263681,
0.1473738,
-0.05193519,
0.3456849,
-0.03330464,
... |
The influence of cannabidiol and delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol on cobalt epilepsy in rats. | The mechanisms of the anticonvulsant activity of cannabidiol (CBD) and the central excitation of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) were investigated electrophysiologically with conscious, unrestrained cobalt epileptic rats. The well-known antiepileptics, trimethadione (TMO), ethosuximide (ESM), and phenytoin (PHT), were included as reference drugs. Direct measurements were made of spontaneously firing, epileptic potentials from a primary focus on the parietal cortex and convulsions were monitored visually. ESM and TMO decreased the frequency of focal potentials, but PHT and CBD exerted no such effect. Although CBD did not suppress the focal abnormality, it did abolish jaw and limb clonus; in contrast, delta 9-THC markedly increased the frequency of focal potentials, evoked generalized bursts of polyspikes, and produced frank convlusions. 11-OH-delta 9-THC, the major metabolite of delta 9-THC, displayed only one of the excitatory properties of the parent compound: production of bursts of polyspikes. In contrast to delta 9-THC and its 11-OH metabolite, CBD, even in very high doses, did not induce any excitatory effects or convulsions. The present study provides the first evidence that CBD exerts anticonvulsant activity against the motor manifestations of a focal epilepsy, and that the mechanism of the effect may involve a depression of seizure generation or spread in the CNS. | 113,206 | [
-0.0350408,
0.2815084,
-0.1449661,
-0.1686984,
0.06543847,
-0.5999149,
-0.2903341,
-0.2444524,
-0.3318252,
-0.1749706,
0.03315533,
0.234462,
0.08543469,
0.09779526,
-0.1638908,
0.007358099,
-0.4814672,
0.5495481,
0.1490437,
0.3428531,
0.1295913,
0.1379268,
-0.01385252,
... |
The behavioral effects of cocaine: rate dependency or rate constancy. | The behavioral effects of cocaine were studied in squirrel monkeys trained to press a response key under an 8-min fixed-interval (FI) schedule of electric shock presentation. Overall mean rate of responding increased at 0.03--0.3 mg/kg (i.m.) and decreased at 1.0--3.0 mg/kg. Increased responding during the initial and middle periods of the fixed-interval accounted for the increase in overall mean rate; response rate during the final two min of the interval did not increase at any dose. An analysis based on response rate during individual 1-min segments of the 8-min interval showed that the rate during the interval became more uniform, and the pattern of positively accelerated responding became more linear, as dose increased. At 0.3--1.0 mg/kg, response rate was relatively constant and independent of the control, pre-drug rate of responding. | 113,225 | [
-0.03495653,
0.09178873,
-0.3663293,
-0.0590521,
0.207886,
-0.1949628,
-0.2251649,
0.09357734,
-0.03666329,
-0.1686905,
0.114264,
0.08807974,
0.03800774,
0.372424,
-0.3640582,
-0.3367938,
-0.2702351,
0.1028421,
-0.1789422,
0.2997669,
0.3111575,
-0.2084673,
-0.03842246,
... |
Effect of meseclazone and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on isolated tracheal chain tone. | Meseclazone, 5-CSA and several representative NSAIDs caused concentration-dependent relaxation of the tracheal ring preparation and are listed in order of descending potency: isoproterenol greater than naproxen greater than ibuprofen greater than diflunisal greater than tolmetin approximately equal to fenoprofen approximately equal to indomethacin greater than phenylbutazone greater than meseclazone greater than 5-CSA greater than aspirin. This relaxation may be related to inhibition of prostaglandin synthetase, but relative potencies of NSAIDs in this test do not necessarily correspond to their potency in inhibiting PG synthethase in other tissue. Thus other factors may play a role. | 113,226 | [
-0.2219956,
-0.3265889,
-0.1941212,
-0.1363008,
0.001700578,
0.2020447,
-0.2714245,
0.08804223,
0.1472703,
-0.2549992,
0.1313418,
-0.2753515,
0.1748231,
0.06854451,
-0.6797038,
0.1228731,
-0.3088705,
0.174703,
-0.3966846,
0.710334,
0.2217074,
-0.1355241,
-0.09265747,
0.... |
The effect of dietary fat on the anticoagulant activity of aflatoxin B. | A single i.p. dose of aflatoxin B1 had no significant effect on the thrombotest clotting times of monkeys subsisting on low-fat and high-fat dietary regimens, respectively. There was a significant interaction between aflatoxin and dietary fat level. | 113,251 | [
0.0476423,
-0.005645235,
-0.3895343,
0.09648345,
-0.03256525,
-0.3538262,
-0.09616968,
0.2486623,
-0.08470275,
-0.1106857,
-0.04603222,
0.268639,
0.05576711,
-0.07171696,
-0.3048972,
-0.2818011,
-0.3883849,
-0.1067005,
-0.02161039,
0.1567705,
0.1298597,
0.3220064,
-0.0195... |
Sites of breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier after paracentesis of the rhesus monkey eye. | Sites of breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier following rapid paracentesis have been investigated in rhesus monkeys with two independent procedures. (1) The entrance of fluorescein into the anterior and posterior chambers following paracentesis was studied in vivo in normal eyes, in eyes with laser-induced experimental glaucoma, and in totally iridectomized eyes. (2) Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the ciliary body and trabecular meshwork regions in normal eyes and paracentetic eyes. These investigations show that the ciliary body, particularly the anterior pars plicata region, is a source of secondary aqueous humor protein. In addition, the study shows reflux of blood into Schlemm's canal and plasma movement across the inner wall into the anterior chamber. | 113,359 | [
-0.2279066,
-0.2082264,
-0.2318089,
0.07383458,
-0.04203389,
-0.2511134,
-0.2427339,
0.09492869,
0.2926712,
0.1790302,
0.266394,
-0.09611102,
-0.04630696,
-0.4016825,
0.2013958,
0.1349597,
-0.1398961,
-0.1903125,
-0.1086421,
-0.2292544,
0.3467771,
0.2207396,
-0.0193918,
... |
Response of the vestibulo-ocular reflex to differing programs of acceleration. | The vestibulo-ocular reflex of normal monkeys was tested by a modified Bárány spinning test (B-test) and by sinosoidal rotation. The two tests gave concordant estimates of the time constant and corner frequency. Deviation from concordance was caused largely by modification of the reflex during the testing procedures. As a means of estimating both time constant and corner frequency in the vestibulo-ocular reflex, the B-test is to be preferred to sinusoidal rotation because although both tests provide similar information, the B-test is the more rapidly performed and analyzed and the B-test modifies the reflex less. | 113,360 | [
-0.1354189,
-0.1308373,
-0.3303787,
-0.1258091,
0.1972528,
-0.6621873,
0.00788407,
0.2402326,
0.2016314,
-0.01154253,
0.1452186,
-0.1722384,
-0.2361054,
-0.1937491,
-0.2483493,
-0.4511616,
-0.3835285,
0.1275557,
-0.1926859,
-0.01801611,
0.2585386,
0.1128888,
0.1935736,
... |
Radioiodination of biologically active compounds: a simplified solid-state enzymatic procedure. | A simplified solid-state enzymatic iodination procedure for routine labeling of unstable pure protein or complex amino acid-containing molecules is presented. The procedure was designed using agarose-bound lactoperoxidase to iodinate human IgG with iodine-125. This method consistently resulted in a labeling efficiency greater than 90% with high stability and undetectable gross structural alterations of the substrate as evaluated by immunodiffusion and electrophoresis. The technique presented is simple, efficient, and may be employed to yield a sterile, pyrogen-free labeled species. | 113,367 | [
-0.0257335,
0.1139665,
0.01551794,
-0.02486399,
-0.002117104,
-0.1325901,
-0.2572114,
0.1102252,
0.2144168,
-0.1174245,
0.2466007,
-0.01004306,
-0.03049319,
0.1655151,
-0.2973599,
0.0456076,
-0.8026409,
-0.1427491,
-0.06041731,
0.328992,
0.3303335,
0.2096066,
-0.1580463,
... |
Genetic and physiological characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutants affected in the catabolic ornithine carbamoyltransferase. | In Pseudomonas aeruginosa arginine can be degraded by the arginine "dihydrolase" system, consisting of arginine deiminase, catabolic ornithine carbamoyltransferase, and carbamate kinase. Mutants of P. aeruginosa strain PAO affected in the structural gene (arcB) of the catabolic ornithine carbamoyltransferase were isolated. Firt, and argF mutation (i.e., a block in the anabolic ornithine carbamoyltransferase) was suppressed specifically by a mutationally altered catabolic ornithine carbamoyltransferase capable of functioning in the anabolic direction. The suppressor locus arcB (Su) was mapped by transduction between hisII and argA. Second, mutants having lost suppressor activity were obtained. The Su- mutations were very closely linked to arcB (Su) and caused strongly reduced ornithine carbamoyltransferase activities in vitro. Under aerobic conditions, a mutant (PA0630) which had less than 1% of the wild-type catabolic ornithine carbamoyltransferase activity grew on arginine as the only carbon and nitrogen source, at the wild-type growth rate. When oxygen was limiting, strain PA0630 grown on arginine excreted citrulline in the stationary growth phase. These observations suggest that during aerobic growth arginine is not degraded exclusively via the dihydrolase pathway. | 113,384 | [
0.2808614,
0.01218417,
0.1241218,
0.07892606,
-0.1914532,
-0.06177216,
0.2597207,
0.3631516,
0.005751439,
-0.01676938,
0.1219289,
-0.01175104,
-0.626525,
0.289012,
-0.07912827,
0.06621689,
0.1845245,
0.3364107,
0.1323586,
-0.1270468,
0.1447328,
0.5987539,
-0.2333915,
0.... |
Effect of protein synthesis on plasmid maintenance in Streptococcus faecalis. | Plasmid-to-chromosome ratios in Enterobacteriaceae, upon interruption of protein synthesis by chloramphenicol, are either conserved or increased when measured by dye buoyant density centrifugation. We have found, on the other hand, that the effect of inhibition of protein synthesis on the amount of covalently closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid visualized by this method in two strains of Streptococcus faecalis appears to differ from these established systems. A three- to sixfold decrease in covalently closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid was observed when lysates of chloramphenicol-treated cultures were submitted to dye buoyant density centrifugation. A loss of covalently closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid was also evident from electrophoretic profiles of these lysates. Several conditions which could account for the apparent loss of covalently closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid upon inhibition of protein synthesis are discussed. | 113,387 | [
0.07838988,
0.4203608,
0.1286457,
-0.05395166,
0.07058823,
-0.1576307,
-0.001682713,
-0.1761929,
0.2038555,
0.1099603,
0.1043317,
0.0284289,
-0.1674823,
0.2870066,
-0.4858236,
0.2561314,
-0.3305299,
0.04488189,
-0.370855,
-0.04172227,
0.2873332,
-0.0475307,
-0.01716993,
... |
Structural components of sphingophosphonolipids from the ciliated protozoan, Tetrahymena pyriformis WH-14. | 1. Two sphingophosphonolipids were isolated from the lipids of the ciliated protozoan, Tetrahymena pyriformis WH-14. They were ceramide N-methyl-2-aminoethylphosphonate (CMAEP) and ceramide 2-aminoethylphosphonate (CAEP), in yields of 0.05 mg/g and 1.74 mg/g dry cells, respectively. 2. Two chromatographically distinguishable CAEP species were found, a slow-moving major component and a minor component which moved faster; the slow-moving one contained primarily hydroxy fatty acids, while in the other one nonhydroxy fatty acids were predominant. However, their long-chain base constituents were similar. 3. The major fatty acids of CAEP were 2-hydroxy acids with carbon numbers of 16 to 19, which were almost exclusively iso-types. The fatty acids of CMAEP consisted mainly of palmitic, iso-octadecanoic, and 2-hydroxy iso-heptadecanoic acids. 4. The long-chain bases were dominated by C16, C17, and C19 iso-4-sphingenine homologs. | 113,397 | [
-0.2906719,
0.2423262,
0.2437242,
0.008497223,
-0.2843375,
-0.006905081,
-0.4350917,
0.2966089,
0.4800853,
0.02590991,
-0.07113432,
0.001121428,
-0.2508993,
-0.1862108,
-0.4322071,
0.06734341,
-0.3480428,
0.1977105,
-0.07874016,
0.3055499,
0.03086635,
0.55668,
-0.2129787,... |
Primary structure of a human IgA1 immunoglobulin. V. Amino acid sequence of a human IgA lambda light chain (Bur). | The sequence of the lambda light chain of the Bur IgA1 molecule has been determined. It comprises 214 amino acid residues with a blocked NH2 terminus and lacks carbohydrate. The V-region sequence is of the VlambdaII subgroup and contains the coupled interchanges Arg-7 and Cys-87. The Lv3 region is comparatively short and hydrophobic in nature and lends support for the designation of this area as a hypervariable deletion region. The C-region exhibits the Mcg+ Kren+ Oz- isotypes. These appear coupled with substitution at position 100 (in the V-region). The pattern of nonrandom association of V- and C-regions and H and L chains is discussed in terms of the generation of antibody diversity. With the companion papers in this series, the complete primary structure of a human IgA1 molecule is established. | 113,407 | [
-0.1877287,
-0.1059938,
-0.297415,
-0.09356195,
0.1401556,
0.1213853,
-0.02933851,
0.1011555,
0.09697615,
0.223411,
0.1888871,
0.2589258,
0.2530083,
0.08994689,
-0.2263179,
-0.2369771,
-0.5855466,
-0.03147973,
0.3583161,
0.01648517,
0.3657544,
0.2054295,
-0.08826272,
-0... |
Increase of gap junctions between pancreatic B-cells during stimulation of insulin secretion. | The development of gap junctions between pancreatic B-cells was quantitatively assessed in freeze-fracture replicas of isolated rat islets under different conditions of insulin secretion. The results show that in resting B-cells, gap junctions are small and scarce but that these junctions increase when insulin secretion is stimulated. Both a short (90 min) stimulation by glucose in vitro and a prolonged (2.5 d) stimulation by glibenclamide in vivo raise the number of gap junctions; in addition, the glibenclamide stimulation causes an increase in the size of individual gap junctions. As a consequence, the total area occupied by gap junctions on the B-cell membrane and the ratio of this area to the cell volume were found significantly increased in the latter condition. The slight increase of these values observed after the glucose stimulation did not reach significance. These data indicate a change of gap junctions during the secretory activity of the pancreatic B-cells. The possibility that the coupling of the cells is affected by the treatment is discussed. | 113,418 | [
-0.1580849,
-0.3039614,
-0.4511071,
-0.01389381,
0.04170093,
0.02288435,
0.1364044,
0.1137342,
0.02951946,
0.3279444,
0.08860096,
-0.2104985,
-0.269794,
-0.0405879,
-0.4374137,
-0.06858686,
-0.3361433,
0.05577296,
0.08966124,
0.2841501,
0.5151505,
0.1374447,
0.2185485,
... |
Heterogeneity and some properties of beta-galactosidase from newborn rat epidermis. | Two forms of beta-galactosidase from newborn rat epidermis could be separated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Both enzymes showed similar enzymic properties. They had a pH optimum around 3.5--4.5 and the optimal temperature of these enzymes was approximately 60 degrees C. They were not affected by divalent cations, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA) and 2-mercaptoethanol(2-ME), while rho-chloromercuribenzoic acid (PCMB) was a strong inhibitor for each enzyme. These enzymes showed the same Km value (1.25 x 10(-4) M) towards 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-galactoside. However they had different isoelectric points at pH 6.3 and 9.0, respectively. Six different forms of beta-galactosidase activity were found by using isoelectric focusing. When the crude extract was incubated with neuraminidase before electrofocusing, the acidic forms of the enzyme were largely lost and converted to more basic forms without loss of the total activity. This finding suggests the glycoprotein nature of newborn rat epidermal beta-galactosidase. | 113,467 | [
0.1296471,
-0.1329431,
-0.2566932,
-0.1939044,
0.01420363,
-0.003504941,
-0.2435543,
-0.09883901,
-0.05973059,
0.02610347,
0.2073863,
0.5009289,
0.1508509,
-0.07967912,
-0.239229,
0.4567255,
-0.4357022,
0.2440043,
0.1286139,
0.2970066,
0.6588157,
0.3342913,
-0.3610417,
... |
Determination of C1q in human sera. | All detectable C1q in serum is precipitated with the euglobulin fraction, and all other detectable hydroxyproline-containing protein in serum is excluded from this fraction. Since C1q contains 4.3% hydroxyproline, an estimate of its content in serum can be calculated by multiplying the hydroxyproline content of the euglobulin fraction by 23.3. The mean value of C1q in five normal male subjects determined by this method was found to be 63 microgram/ml as compared with 144 microgram/ml when determined by RID, indicating that the latter procedure seriously overestimates C1q in serum. C1q content of serum from patients with RA was found to be elevated by both procedures. | 113,476 | [
-0.05100448,
0.2976655,
-0.3895498,
-0.1373607,
-0.05721815,
-0.2356648,
-0.157456,
0.2495982,
0.1575165,
0.2814077,
-0.2432843,
0.1388616,
0.1997506,
0.07908607,
-0.4244405,
0.07182586,
-0.04460346,
0.1049874,
-0.08574072,
0.2465417,
0.2079764,
0.04690387,
0.06552865,
... |
Effect of bacteriophage C5 on ultraviolet light survival in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. | Bacteriophage C5 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is able to reactivate ultraviolet (u.v.)-irradiated phage E79 in coinfection experiments and decrease the u.v.-sensitivity of a host-cell reactivation deficient mutant. These properties suggest that phage C5 has a gene(s) which is involved in the repair of u.v.-damaged DNA. The isolation of two u.v.-sensitive mutants of C5 supports this hypothesis. | 113,492 | [
0.06621721,
-0.2926969,
-0.2029389,
-0.116659,
0.04158969,
-0.0811523,
-0.05928053,
-0.07911152,
0.2938656,
0.04798485,
0.04972537,
0.1328973,
-0.293025,
-0.134458,
-0.2189833,
-0.1316433,
0.1818667,
-0.08795947,
-0.09098486,
0.1592133,
0.2636742,
0.2219635,
0.02931728,
... |
Demonstration of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in association with intact Dane particles. | Mild detergent treatment (0.1% Sarkosyl-0.1% beta-mercaptoethanol) of Dane particle-rich fraction from human serum resulted in the release of core particles together with HBe antigen activity when examined by the reversed passive haemagglutination method. Furthermore, when the core particles isolated by the above procedure were exposed to stronger detergent (1% Sarkosyl-0.1% beta-mercaptoethanol), additional HBe antigen activity was released only from intact core particles with DNA polymerase activity and not from empty core particles. | 113,499 | [
-0.2978466,
0.2205824,
-0.2533125,
0.1944403,
0.03252786,
-0.3440075,
-0.246152,
-0.2355666,
0.1944776,
0.0649372,
-0.09657853,
0.4755486,
0.2343308,
0.3430646,
-0.17833,
-0.0408571,
-0.6945124,
-0.07335882,
0.07014687,
0.3642325,
0.07226197,
-0.03362839,
-0.1910308,
-0... |
Morphology and morphogenesis of a new paramyxovirus (PMV 107). | The morphology of the virions and nucleocapsids of paramyxovirus 107 (PVM 107) and the replication of the virus were investigated by electron microscopy. The virions and nucleocapsids exhibited the same structural properties as other paramyxoviruses. Nuclecapsids were found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of infected bovine embryonic lung (BEL) cell cultures. A similar situation has been described for the morbilliviruses measles, SSPE, distemper and rinderpest. Alignment of nucleocapsids beneath the plasma membrane and budding of PMV 107 in the productive BEL cell infections were also similar to the morbillivirus-infected cells. In a line of monkey cells (CV1) persistently infected with PMV 107 only cytoplasmic nucleocapsids could be demonstrated. On the basis of its morphology and morphogenesis it is suggested that PMV 107 should be classified as a paramyxovirus. Since nucleocapsids could also be found in the nucleus of infected BEL cells the morphogenesis of PMV 107 closely resembles that of viruses of the morbillivirus group. | 113,501 | [
-0.2949323,
-0.1067965,
0.01129343,
-0.1961133,
0.07369729,
-0.02665045,
-0.1754821,
-0.03616339,
0.1821822,
0.06465261,
0.1121277,
-0.09013088,
-0.0230082,
-0.229554,
-0.3567319,
-0.04150532,
-0.006785013,
0.02479121,
0.3925201,
0.09055769,
0.8449207,
0.4642243,
-0.16200... |
Autonomic innervation of the mammalian penis: a histochemical and physiological study. | The distribution of adrenergic and cholinergic nerves was studied in penile tissue from rat, rabbit, cat, monkey and man. Glyoxylic acid histofluorescence and acetylcholinesterase-positive fibers were found in all tissues examined, but histofluorescent, presumably adrenergic fibers predominated. In general, except in the rabbit, more nerve fibers of both types were found in the corpus cavernosum (CC) than in the corpus spongiosum/penile urethra (CS). The rabbit penis showed slightly more adrenergic fibers in the CC than in the CS and more cholinergic nerves in the CS than in the CC. The CC of the monkey demonstrated an alpha receptor mediated contractile response to norepinephrine (NE) stimulation and no response to acetylcholine (ACh) in an in vitro muscle bath. | 113,505 | [
0.4252868,
-0.2444781,
-0.2993227,
0.05025644,
-0.1601331,
-0.1321825,
-0.2210062,
-0.2997086,
-0.1072352,
-0.02411214,
0.1434429,
0.07824814,
0.2206631,
-0.1175008,
-0.3344847,
-0.1620397,
-0.5464365,
0.2938052,
-0.09822524,
0.1865263,
0.3349831,
0.4166582,
0.154273,
0... |
Effects of systemic and intraventricular administration of cannabinoids on schedule-controlled responding in the squirrel monkey. | The effects of a number of cannabinoids in squirrel monkeys trained to respond on a chain fixed-interval fixed-ratio schedule of food presentation were determined after intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intraventricular (i.v.t.) administration. The order of potency was (+/-)-9-nor-9 beta-OH hexahydrocannabinol, 11-OH-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC), cannabinol and cannabidiol. (+/-)-9-Nor-9 alpha-OH-hexahydrocannabinol was inactive at doses up to 3 mg/kg i.p. and 0.1 mg/kg i.v.t. Although the order of potency was the same by both routes of administration, the i.v.t./i.p. potency ratio differed markedly. This demonstrates the importance of route of administration in assessing structure-activity relationships of cannabinoids and suggests that differences in penetration to the central nervous system may be an important determinant of behavioral activity. Although 11-OH-delta 9-THC was more potent than the parent compound delta 9-THC by both routes, the potency difference was less after i.v.t. administration. It was also demonstrated that metabolic conversion of [3H]delta 9-THC does not take place in squirrel monkey brain when administered i.v.t. which could account for the direct i.v.t. effects of delta 9-THC. These observations suggest that metabolic conversion of delta 9-THC in the liver is not necessary for its behavioral effects. | 113,528 | [
-0.2223896,
-0.04196939,
-0.2863751,
-0.2246084,
0.3258508,
-0.483994,
-0.2479952,
0.0228192,
-0.1077121,
0.08087473,
0.03516553,
0.2844352,
-0.1875842,
-0.001866993,
-0.3417224,
-0.3131787,
-0.447264,
0.2484327,
-0.1864732,
0.5014765,
0.1124187,
0.2033921,
0.02370646,
... |
A twinning event in Macaca sylvanus of Gibraltar. | Linear measurements and body proportions for a set of free-ranging Macaca sylvanus twins are presented. Their measurements are compared to a full-term perinatal dead female. The twins are dizygous and probably 28 days premature. | 113,541 | [
0.1655101,
-0.151233,
-0.04908818,
0.01554863,
0.2952563,
-0.1799706,
-0.3333137,
-0.3418162,
0.1926929,
-0.1562451,
0.246142,
0.02013123,
-0.1030046,
0.02963673,
-0.1344895,
-0.2730451,
-0.4151129,
0.1634074,
0.06408354,
-0.2541399,
0.2464518,
0.1623826,
-0.2743642,
-0... |
A longitudinal study of facial growth in Papio cynocephalus after resection of the cartilagenous nasal septum. | The present study evaluates in Papio cynocephalus the effectiveness of varying the amount of nasal septum resected and the age at surgery in an attempt to develop a technique which may have clinical value for the human condition. The analysis of interdental dimensions by graphical techniques demonstrates that a critical age exists at which total septum resection leads to maximum growth arrest of the premaxilla. Comparisons of linear regression curves for operated and control animals confirm these findings and also demonstrate the existence of sexual dimorphism in premaxillary growth rates. | 113,543 | [
-0.1652417,
-0.3009073,
-0.1946094,
-0.2603739,
-0.06549279,
-0.4083744,
-0.2395522,
0.0149528,
0.05884975,
-0.158081,
0.08393388,
-0.3416782,
-0.3296581,
-0.3317621,
-0.2218169,
-0.05552883,
-0.1107676,
-0.05801116,
0.0398328,
-0.04278433,
0.2277543,
0.03660696,
-0.09477... |
Predictive criteria for length of nasogastric tube insertion for tube feeding. | This study was aimed at identifying non-invasive techniques and criteria for predicting the proper length for insertion of a nasogastric tube for tube feeding so that the tube tip would be located in the fundus or body for the stomach. A review of literature and existing practices revealed unsubstantiated and discrepant methods currently in use and justified the need for this research. The study involved relating several external body measurements to a measurement from the tip of the nose to the lower esophageal sphincter, via the esophagus, in 99 adult cadavers and 5 normal adult volunteers. A variety of analyses including stepwise multiple regression, were used and are presented. A formula is presented and is stated to provide a 91% confidence level of tube tip placement in the stomach between 1 and 10 cm. This is compared to a confidence level of 72% using the traditional nose to ear to xiphoid measurement. The formula is ( (NEX-50cm) /2)) + 50cm where NEX is the distance from the tip of the nose to the earlobe to the xiphoid. Two methods for simple mechanical clinical application are described. | 113,579 | [
-0.196807,
-0.03066894,
-0.009534378,
-0.1364561,
0.05287208,
-0.2106641,
-0.197955,
-0.1240072,
0.06723371,
0.08397584,
0.21304,
-0.1965854,
0.1445718,
-0.2359486,
-0.2122323,
0.03184419,
-0.5982248,
0.3531586,
-0.4154337,
-0.2013253,
0.1516022,
0.06979147,
0.1759424,
... |
Ultrastructure of normal monkey liver. | The normal ultrastructure of the liver of rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys is described. A classification of type A and B periportal hepatocytes is introduced together with a discussion of the high incidence of mitochondrial abnormalities. It is suggested that the rhesus monkey is more suitable as an experimental model than the cynomolgus since its liver ultrastructure is less variable. | 113,618 | [
-0.03206943,
-0.04167748,
-0.04335668,
0.4454792,
0.07147349,
-0.172701,
-0.05029398,
0.04445904,
0.1371688,
0.2959553,
0.06548435,
-0.2852843,
0.045633,
0.08273748,
-0.6125542,
-0.1818038,
-0.2071249,
0.05278307,
0.1525651,
0.03888232,
0.2074233,
0.3548355,
0.06350368,
... |
Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus: report of two cases. | Two cases of primary esophageal malignant melanoma diagnosed at the Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center are reported. One patient who received 3800 rads and had subsequent surgery lived for 18 months. The other had surgery and subsequent chemotherapy and is still alive three years later. Forty other cases reported in the literature are briefly analyzed. | 113,625 | [
-0.3248304,
-0.3298531,
-0.3172572,
-0.4308961,
0.1029328,
-0.03954696,
-0.1723778,
-0.1045775,
0.1509497,
0.120273,
0.4688202,
0.423281,
0.1436786,
-0.2783999,
-0.3231719,
-0.07008471,
0.08169095,
0.1869456,
-0.04356229,
0.05751837,
0.3880385,
0.3951479,
-0.101144,
0.1... |
Physical factors affecting absorbed dose to the skin from cobalt-60 gamma rays and 25-MV x rays. | When there is an absence of scattering material adjacent to the skin on the exit side of a megavoltage beam the dose to the skin is less than would be calculated using depth dose tables or isodose distributions measured in "semi-infinite" phantoms. Ionization measurements using a thin-window parallel-plate chamber show that the dose at 4 mg/cm2 from the exit surface is 14% to 16% less for cobalt-60 gamma rays and about 8% less for 25-MV x rays compared to the dose with full backscatter. As the angle of incidence increases the skin dose increases due to radiation scattered toward the surface. A method for the calculation of skin doses from tangential therapy beams is described. | 113,655 | [
-0.09182481,
0.02558824,
-0.098242,
-0.03282516,
0.03079599,
-0.001840198,
-0.335821,
-0.03097181,
-0.03656084,
0.06773533,
0.08997316,
-0.4455328,
0.03774212,
-0.0860144,
-0.6674228,
-0.005328377,
0.1150995,
0.1383968,
0.1241998,
0.1551482,
0.5539703,
0.3171618,
0.099268... |
[Effect of a dietary regimen with separated administration of protein on liver in the rat]. | Rats received a protein-deficient standard diet and, separately at different hours of the day, protein (casein). The control group was given the standard diet added with casein. The livers of the rats were examined for histological and ultrastructural changes. The smallest changes were observed in animals which had received protein at eight o'clock. The control animals and the animals which had received protein at thirteen and nineteen o'clock, respectively, showed slight fatty infiltration of the liver. | 113,682 | [
0.09159929,
0.08285763,
-0.1347817,
0.1708705,
0.09685678,
-0.3316327,
-0.1240084,
-0.1288596,
0.2869047,
-0.02266718,
-0.1385606,
0.2309268,
0.2171858,
0.01597947,
-0.6730409,
-0.1995796,
-0.1393872,
-0.06120022,
-0.1406642,
0.08904582,
-0.1354235,
0.2331797,
-0.00922641... |
Transplacental effects of ethylnitrosourea in a nonhuman primate, Erythrocebus patas. | A breeding colony of the Old World monkey Erythrocebus patas, an African species, has been established to study transplacental carcinogensis in a representative primate species. ENU was administered by repeated iv injections to pregnant females and to juveniles of both sexes. Repeated doses of 0.1 mmole/kg body weight per injection, given at 14-day intervals, are tolerated without apparent signs of toxicity by fetal and by pregnant and nonpregnant adult or juvenile monkeys. The internal can be reduced to 7 days, at least during the latter two-thirds of pregnancy. Large single doses (1.0 mmole/kg) are tolerated by pregnant females but are frequently abortifacient. These doses produce acute cytolytic damage to the cells of the periventricular germinal matrix in the fetal brain. Studies with [14C]ethyl-ENU indicate that there is no placental barrier to this carcinogen. As of December 1975, no tumors had been observed. | 113,683 | [
0.0210359,
0.04782335,
0.1359527,
-0.08767311,
0.5007254,
-0.407566,
-0.2035163,
-0.4021651,
0.2895782,
0.1969365,
-0.02376175,
0.1084097,
0.05168108,
0.1749764,
-0.312946,
-0.1107006,
-0.424307,
0.2205251,
0.1026466,
0.1952011,
0.03239651,
0.1851867,
-0.2392978,
-0.250... |
A structure-activity study on the influence of phenolic compounds and bioflavonoids on rat renal prostaglandin synthetase. | The stimulating or inhibiting influences of 33 phenolic compounds on the prostaglandin synthetase of rat renal medulla were tested. Dihydroxyphenylcarbonic acids clearly proved to be activators of the prostaglandin synthetase. Dimethoxyphenylcarbonic acids were ineffective. Aminoethylphenols as well as p-substituted monohydroxybenzenes with a carbonic acid side chain were clear stimulators in contrast to their alkyl derivatives which are pronounced inhibitors. Among the tested bioflavonoids (+)-cyanidanol-3 and morin were inhibitors of the prostaglandin synthesis. Flavonoids with polar substitution in 3,5,7-position such as rutin on the other hand showed activating properties. | 113,685 | [
-0.06763271,
0.5373189,
-0.1640339,
0.04989995,
0.1973144,
0.2144706,
-0.04935205,
0.1079195,
0.1032341,
-0.1968832,
0.003593962,
0.003012755,
0.03503914,
-0.1225911,
-0.6058962,
0.1946515,
-0.3038858,
0.249826,
-0.06493695,
0.2537096,
0.3297062,
0.4052047,
-0.2888521,
... |
The anatomy of the subglottic larynx. | There is little concensus concerning the boundaries of the subglottic space. To better define the subglottis, 50 head and neck surgeons were asked to define its anatomic limits. In addition, the larynx of each of 50 adult cadavers was removed and four measurements in the anterior subglottis were taken. The results revealed significantly smaller subglottic dimensions for women than for men. In most women, the cricothyroid membrane was situated less than 1 cm from the glottis in the anterior midline. | 113,732 | [
-0.08477429,
-0.07353608,
-0.136217,
-0.03317871,
-0.01565619,
-0.2644757,
-0.06562914,
-0.01934272,
0.128631,
0.2184798,
0.3399014,
-0.01987338,
-0.01126014,
-0.6109342,
0.06259904,
-0.1085569,
-0.0007344607,
0.227463,
-0.1525149,
-0.2172007,
0.5719923,
0.1902639,
-0.115... |
Blunt laryngotracheal trauma. | Management of blunt trauma to the larynx and trachea is based upon accurate assessment of the anatomic site of the injury, the tissue involved, the time since the injury, and the general status of the patient. Early and orderly diagnosis and classification result in early management, which is essential to maximize function and minimize morbidity. To evaluate the management and treatment results of patients with blunt trauma to the larynx and trachea, a retrospective study was performed. The office charts and hospital records of all patients with blunt trauma to the larynx and trachea from 1966 through 1976 were reviewed. Conditions studied included etiology of the trauma, initial signs and symptoms, pretreatment findings, management (primary and secondary), complications, and long-term results of management. Management results are discussed in comparison with reported results in the literature, and conclusions are presented regarding optimal treatment for the various classes of laryngotracheal injury. | 113,750 | [
-0.03546521,
0.1229689,
-0.3015454,
-0.2773009,
-0.0481497,
-0.348141,
-0.08173626,
-0.2331588,
-0.1172541,
0.3001951,
0.2483779,
-0.07563961,
-0.09155604,
-0.6713796,
-0.05732805,
0.1363608,
0.1046322,
-0.01138133,
-0.01309829,
-0.06054998,
0.2953995,
0.1092742,
-0.20910... |
Rhytidectomy (face-lift) in the otolaryngologic practice. | A surgical procedure is described that minimizes the lifting of the hairline in rhytidectomy by locating most of the incision inside the hair. Traction of the skin is directed at producing a soft, rounded contour. The author reports good results on 30 patients in two years' time. Appropriateness of rhytidectomy depends on psychologic factors and on biologic rather than chronologic age. Operation under general anesthesia is preferred and should be confined to a simple procedure. However, blepharoplasty, rhinoplasty, and mentoplasty are often performed at the same time. Forehead lifting is a desirable associated procedure in which the incisions can be joined. Cutting of the muscle fibers is preferred to resection of the frontal corrugator. Minilifting to obtain Oriental slant eyes is considered a wasted effort. | 113,751 | [
0.1031962,
-0.009870695,
-0.4846814,
-0.268342,
0.00932745,
-0.3120986,
-0.2026436,
0.2337113,
0.1015138,
0.259489,
0.2059116,
-0.3058973,
0.1656469,
0.03402295,
-0.02108524,
0.134986,
0.03559042,
0.1139721,
0.2183264,
-0.1545641,
0.3587742,
0.3472444,
-0.01950255,
-0.1... |
Acquisition of behavioral tolerance to ethanol as a function of reinforced practice in rats. | The roles of both reward and the amount of reinforced practice on the development of behavioral tolerance to ethanol were studied in 32 hooded rats in a Skinner-box situation. The effects of ethanol were evaluated on two aspects of the bar-press response (FR15): latency to complete 15 bar presses and proficiency to earn rewards. Results showed that the behavioral tolerance, as indicated by diminishing effects of ethanol on performances over repeated exposures, developed rapidly. The extent of the developed tolerance was greater and more stable in animals which had reinforced practice while under the influence of ethanol than in animals which had non-reinforced practice. Animals which were exposed to the same amount of ethanol but practiced the response in a non-drug state showed little sign of tolerance to ethanol. These findings give further support to a previous view that learning processes may be involved in acquisition of behavioral tolerance to ethanol. | 113,815 | [
0.07003094,
-0.04400712,
-0.359093,
-0.1356117,
0.2668896,
-0.3253198,
-0.1147521,
-0.1775493,
0.1475772,
-0.03543318,
0.2265414,
-0.1267078,
0.03844251,
-0.1352249,
-0.29242,
-0.1164261,
-0.3175972,
0.3571821,
-0.2299132,
0.09680819,
0.2411778,
0.3442701,
0.2239413,
-0... |
Dopaminergic mechanisms and cognitive deficit in schizophrenia. A neurobiological model. | A hypothesis is briefly discussed proposing that schizophrenic symptoms are due to a breakdown in a mechanism by which conscious attention is limited and directed. It is shown that this mechanism can be modelled in terms of a simple nerve network in which every channel inhibits all the others. Failure of this inhibition would cause the defect hypothesised to occur in schizophrenia. It is shown that if dopamine is given a central role as transmitter in such a network then the various predictions about the biochemistry of schizophrenia that follow are not only consistent with the evidence for the 'dopamine theory' of schizophrenia, but also with much of the evidence held to be contrary to that theory. While not purporting to be an experimentally validated description of schizophrenia, this model goes beyond the single amine theories of schizophrenia and links dysfunctions in amine systems with specific behavioural control mechanisms. Given the current state of knowledge, such models can make only limited predictions about the biochemistry of schizophrenia. However, an attempt to link behavioural and biochemical systems in this way will be crucial for the development of viable animal models of schizophrenia. | 113,814 | [
-0.02970154,
0.06722108,
-0.04735356,
-0.419428,
0.3686221,
-0.3497994,
-0.2260112,
-0.07601389,
0.1218155,
0.1370807,
-0.04822422,
0.1886204,
0.1155597,
0.4145888,
-0.2647375,
-0.08184245,
-0.7104384,
0.1470968,
-0.04912316,
0.2443441,
0.0542648,
0.1540438,
0.013603,
-... |
The effect of propranolol treatment in shizophrenia on CSF amine metabolites and prolactin. | Recent reports have suggested that high doses of propranolol may be an effective treatment in schizophrenia. To determine whether such treatment has effects on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amine metabolites and prolactin similar to the effects of the neuroleptic drugs, we studied CSF from ten patients before and after propanolol therapy. The initial CSF sample was removed after a drug-free period and propranolol dosage was then increased over 1 week to 1000 mg daily in all ten patients. A second CSF sample was removed after 3 weeks of propranolol therapy. Propranolol levels and prolactin in CSF were measured by radioimmunoassay. Homovanillic acid, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Propranolol had no effect on the prolactin or amine metabolite concentrations. CSF propranolol levels averaged 40 ng/ml (range less than 1--78). | 113,817 | [
-0.09769914,
-0.120551,
-0.1494374,
-0.2878234,
0.258642,
-0.03412386,
-0.3067736,
-0.1609852,
0.1147458,
0.1553361,
0.03598854,
0.1218206,
-0.1707759,
0.2615987,
-0.1248735,
0.03176006,
-0.6615999,
0.2547007,
0.09110189,
0.02377823,
0.1138092,
0.3429622,
-0.1124801,
-0... |
Facilitation of memory processing by posttrial morphine: possible involvement of reinforcement mechanisms? | Posttrial administration of 40 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, but not of 1 mg/kg, of morphine hydrochloride facilitates learning of a one-trial passive avoidance task in drug-naive mice. The effect does not depend on the punishing properties of the morphine injection, since in injection of LiCl (a strong punisher) fails to enhance learning in a similar way. After the establishment of tolerance by several morphone administrations, the 100 mg/kg, but not the 40 mg/kg, dose level resulted in memory facilitation. The data are discussed in connection with the hypothesis that morphine acts directly on reinforcement mechanisms by activating the opiate receptor. | 113,818 | [
-0.1658297,
0.08368189,
-0.2022642,
-0.04975377,
0.1582876,
-0.3185732,
-0.01309311,
-0.34192,
-0.03840748,
0.009858121,
-0.01672365,
0.3336942,
0.2551895,
0.1711209,
-0.1483158,
-0.09697445,
-0.1055774,
0.3003499,
0.1777239,
0.06065188,
0.4027505,
-0.2665024,
0.02501251,... |
Chlordiazepoxide-induced disruption of discrimination behaviour: a signal detection analysis. | To assess the effects of chlordiazepoxide (CDP) on a stable discrimination performance, eight rats were trained on a simple brightness discrimination and injected with three dosages (0, 5, and 10 mg/kg) once performance was stable. Signal detection analysis of the results was used to differentiate sensory from motor/responsivity effects of the drug. At 5 mg/kg, CDP increased general responsiveness which is consistent with the hypothesis that CDP disinhibits responding. At 10 mg/kg, however, this effect on responsivity was reversed and there was also a suppression of stimulus sensitivity. | 113,820 | [
-0.01286982,
0.07889855,
-0.2976595,
-0.4617949,
0.1290521,
-0.4507636,
-0.4091118,
-0.1862245,
-0.02593347,
-0.4827571,
0.05202228,
0.3681342,
-0.1359002,
0.1260394,
0.1176154,
-0.1029939,
-0.6764357,
0.2153012,
-0.3390635,
0.3524258,
-0.1753506,
0.05199282,
0.3392533,
... |
3-Methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol excretion in acutely schizophrenic patients during a controlled clinical trial of the isomers of flupenthixol. | Urinary MHPG excretion in patients with acute schizophrenia was studied before and during a trial of the isomers of flupenthixol and placebo. Pretrial MHPG excretion was not related to severity of illness before the trial or to other pretrial clinical variables. In male subjects higher pretrial MHPG excretion was associated with a better outcome 1 year post-trial. However in females no relationship between MHPG excretion and outcome was established. During the trial there was a reduction in MHPG excretion in patients treated with beta-flupenthixol but no decrease in the group treated with alpha-flupenthixol or chlorpromazine. In patients on placebo there was a reduction in MHPG excretion in those who did well clinically, but not in those who did poorly. Thus low MHPG excretion may be a predictor of poor outcome in schizophrenia, but MHPG excretion also changes both as a function of clinical state and of neuroleptic drug administration. | 113,829 | [
-0.07143328,
0.1720569,
-0.4103709,
-0.4651194,
-0.08656455,
-0.4397797,
-0.7158558,
-0.04872836,
-0.05594394,
-0.1441125,
0.02269283,
0.2170065,
-0.01493317,
0.1630325,
-0.332882,
0.06951885,
-0.230196,
0.246572,
-0.07996183,
0.2188565,
-0.1554749,
0.07889358,
-0.2573137... |
Memory facilitation with posttrial injection of oxotremorine and physostigmine in mice. | The immediate posttrial injection of oxotremorine (0.125, 0.250 and 0.500 muMol/kg i.p.) and equimolecular doses of physostigmine can facilitate the retention of a passive avoidance response in mice. Injections given 10 min after training also significantly facilitate retention, but injections given 30 or 120 min after training do not affect retention. These findings suggest an action of oxotremorine and physostigmine on mechanisms involved in memory storage. The enhanced retention produced by oxotremorine and physostigmine was blocked by pretreatment with atropine (2 muMol/kg, 20 min, i.p.) but was not affected by methylatropine (2 muMol/kg, 20 min, i.p.). The retention was not modified by posttrial injection of metoxotremorine (0.25 muMol/kg i.p.) or neostigmine (0.250 muMol/kg i.p.), quaternary analogs of oxotremorine and physostigmine, respectively. The results suggest a central action of both cholinergic agents attributable to an activation of muscarinic brain receptors. | 113,837 | [
-0.2773593,
0.052736,
-0.3381827,
-0.4913681,
0.08908202,
-0.3164869,
0.4051501,
-0.386845,
-0.05472632,
-0.004493994,
-0.08079735,
0.5487325,
-0.002485931,
0.005123038,
-0.4766473,
-0.1392557,
-0.4731441,
0.1682111,
-0.1580865,
0.1311452,
0.1052135,
0.1267029,
0.2424416,... |
Organization of the immune response genes. | The I region of the major histocompatibility complex contains immune response genes that display considerable polymorphism; that is, there are many alleles at each locus. These genes regulate the immune response to antigen by mediating intercellular communication among lymphoreticular cells. An analysis of the primary structure of the products of two subregions of (I-A, I-E/C) was undertaken in order to understand the genetic organization of the region, the evolution of the genes and, eventually, their function. | 113,876 | [
0.08719271,
-0.2142407,
0.1257528,
-0.06730621,
0.03422314,
-0.3207771,
-0.08878587,
0.1386057,
0.1179607,
0.2535964,
0.1528091,
-0.05115134,
0.02253592,
-0.04430915,
-0.6612257,
-0.173419,
-0.2581748,
-0.2310766,
0.1940711,
0.3758534,
0.201109,
0.2004386,
-0.03509461,
... |
Demeclocycline in the treatment of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone. | Fourteen patients with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) have been treated with demethylchlortetracycline (demeclocycline) 1200 mg daily. In 12 patients the underlying lesion was malignant. The serum sodium returned to normal (greater than 135 mmol/l) in all patients after a mean of 8.6 days (SD +/- 5.3 days). Blood urea rose significantly from the pretreatment level of 4.2 +/- 2.3 mmol/l to 10.1 +/- 5.1 mmol/l at ten days (P less than 0.001). The average maximum blood urea was 13.4 +/- 6.8 mmol/l. In four patients the urea rose above 20 mmol/l, and in two of these demecyocycline was discontinued because of thie rise. The azotaemia could be attributed to a combination of increased urea producation and a mild specific drug-induced nephrotoxicity. Discontinuation of demeclocycline in six patients led to a fall in serum sodium, in one case precipitously, and return of the urea towards normal levels. Demeclocycline appears therefore to be an effective maintenance treatment of SIADH, and the azotaemia that occurs is reversible and probably dose dependent. | 113,900 | [
-0.4727472,
-0.2031905,
0.2188182,
-0.6040514,
0.1331092,
-0.372391,
-0.2141994,
0.1212322,
0.08020063,
0.1480877,
0.02057459,
0.1836976,
0.06159203,
0.3455352,
-0.2781596,
0.1105353,
-0.2346318,
-0.1158976,
-0.2021201,
0.1475252,
0.1612019,
0.208944,
-0.03591935,
-0.01... |
Ocular and orbital manifestations of neurofibromatosis. | The ocular and systemic manifestations of von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis are reviewed. A case is presented illustrating widespread involvement and the typical histopathologic changes of the eye and the ocular adnexa. The ophthalmologist should be aware of broad scope of this disorder so that a complete evaluation of the patient can be made. | 113,898 | [
-0.0401614,
-0.2085181,
-0.1295211,
-0.5512227,
-0.006125328,
-0.3871843,
-0.1022004,
-0.1708177,
0.001993879,
0.0641727,
0.4205616,
0.044711,
-0.211371,
-0.3087565,
-0.3287488,
-0.1391648,
-0.5662112,
0.1499577,
0.4431206,
-0.2437882,
-0.005546711,
0.1839785,
-0.08528209... |
[Polychlorinated biphenyl intoxication and nutrition. III. Effect of vitamin A deficiency on PCB storage in the rat (author's transl)]. | Rats were fed two dietary variations containing 10 ppm of Phenoclor DP6 (a commercial PCB mixture) for 15 days. Compared to the normal diet, rats fed a vitamin A deficient diet had a same curve of DP6 storage in liver and carcase fat. The intestinal absorption of DP6 was unaffected by vitamin A deficiency. The accumulation of DP6 in the rat organism was body-growth independent. | 113,910 | [
-0.1093252,
-0.09506663,
0.02191396,
0.031891,
0.3178573,
-0.1028838,
-0.4659313,
-0.1141646,
-0.2667655,
-0.1756089,
0.2619591,
0.4043173,
-0.04642063,
0.2155897,
-0.232707,
0.2421202,
-0.667816,
0.3125709,
0.3907541,
0.2064612,
0.09953153,
0.3744232,
-0.1854688,
0.037... |
CELISA (complement-enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay) a new method for the estimation of complement fixing antibodies; its use for Chagas' disease. | A description is given of a new method for the estimation of complement fixing antibodies. This is a modification of the Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) to a Complement-Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (CILISA) using an anti-C3 conjugate. The method is independent of the haemolytic system. To test the sensitivity of CELISA, comparative studies were carried out with the Haemolytic Complement Fixation Test (CFT), indirect haemagglutination test and ELISA with sera from patients with Chagas' Disease. The results with CELISA showed significant correlations with CFT titers whereas no correlations were observed with the other serological tests. | 113,915 | [
-0.009540143,
0.06245441,
0.3808818,
0.2640934,
-0.2515528,
-0.06443431,
-0.1232474,
0.4372042,
0.2433392,
-0.03490489,
0.01963899,
0.3556519,
0.0709274,
-0.1908097,
-0.2631317,
-0.3799658,
-0.6921441,
-0.1884804,
-0.1997349,
0.337335,
0.06442979,
0.09503834,
-0.3950009,
... |
[Evolutionary origin of cell organelles]. | A review on the evolutionary origin of the energy-yielding eukaryotic organelles is presented. Current autogenetic (endogenous compartmentalization) schemes, as well as different variants of symbiogenesis, are critically envisaged. A new symbiogenetic scheme is put forth, according to which mitochondria and chloroplasts originated divergently from a primordial photosynthetic organelle; the latter was acquired by endosymbiosis of ancient cyanobacteria in the cells of protoeukaryotes. | 113,918 | [
-0.2019156,
-0.1301134,
-0.0001626394,
0.3126779,
0.03021994,
-0.3729157,
-0.2148849,
0.04565777,
0.1340454,
0.126201,
-0.08869328,
0.03363238,
-0.100726,
-0.178533,
-0.6180291,
-0.3111217,
-0.4894753,
-0.1347561,
0.01081118,
0.0370938,
0.2654284,
0.3678676,
-0.1322773,
... |
Transmission of Sarcocystis suihominis from humans to swine to nonhuman primates (Pan troglodytes, Macaca mulatta, Macaca irus). | Sporocysts of Sarcocystis suihominis obtained from human feces were used to infect swine. Heart, tongue, and skeletal muscle from experimentally infected and noninfected control swine were fed via stomach tube to nonhuman primates including chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), and cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca irus). All primates fed infected swine tissues shed sporocysts beginning 13 to 15 days postinfection and were still shedding sporocysts at the conclusion of the experiment, 30 days postinfection. Rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys were fed infected swine tissues a second time and shed sporocysts. All primates remained in good health throughout both experiments and exhibited no unusual clinical signs as a result of infection. | 113,949 | [
-0.4064746,
-0.2174914,
-0.222579,
-0.08082773,
-0.1050913,
-0.02929029,
-0.2638941,
-0.03139464,
0.06066932,
-0.2324009,
0.3369758,
-0.1405124,
-0.1387982,
-0.1428548,
0.03519612,
-0.1711055,
-0.8251269,
-0.1195334,
-0.006692686,
-0.06137146,
0.1226308,
0.4301038,
0.1011... |
Studies on a receptor for pyocin in a R mutant of Salmonella minnesota. | Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) isolated from the pyocin sensitive R form strain of Salmonella minnesota F6 (chemotype Rd1) inhibited the activity of bacteriophage tail-like pyocin P1 whereas no inhibition occurred with LPS prepared from the pyocin resistant S form of S. minnesota. Subunits of lipopolysaccharide obtained by treatment with sodium deoxycholate and the polysaccharide fraction of the lipopolysaccharide obtained by acid hydrolysis were shown to be still active whereas lipid A fraction had no pyocin neutralizing activity. The (KDO)3-hepI-hepII unit, which terminates the lipopolysaccharide of S. minnesota F6 was, therefore, suggested to determine the specificity of the pyocin P1 receptor. | 113,953 | [
0.182668,
0.09251405,
-0.3164991,
0.08408799,
0.1433803,
-0.3008986,
-0.2955745,
0.05837915,
0.1415848,
-0.03945809,
0.2173294,
-0.05723473,
-0.0515301,
0.1152608,
-0.3535555,
-0.1825396,
-0.4484214,
0.08913573,
0.5597926,
-0.1497744,
0.08872308,
-0.1985865,
-0.3019119,
... |
[Studies to investigate the ecological importance of the mass development of Hydrodicyton reticulatum in infiltration basins for drinking water. II. Localization of the active components with the aid of thin-layer chromatography and bioassay detection (author's transl)]. | Thin-layer chromatogramms made from ethanol extracts of the green fresh-water alga H. reticulatum were tested by bioassay detection against several strains of Bac. subtilis. The chromatogramms were overlayed with agar, seeded with the test strains. The production of two growth-inhibiting zones could be demonstrated (Fig. 1). One of them seems to be correlated with chlorophyll derivatives. The second zone--larger than the first one--was formed by a fatty acid fraction which was more active in cells harvested in 1973, than in those harvested in 1974. Only a very small cell free zone was found in bioassays of water extracts of H74, presumably caused by chlorophyll derivatives, but there was an area of weak inhibition in H73 as well as in H74. | 113,957 | [
-0.03246604,
0.2266007,
-0.07298678,
0.001946027,
-0.1124885,
-0.06788373,
-0.2540479,
-0.05941799,
0.1731918,
0.006448536,
0.1551479,
0.03224421,
0.06481054,
0.1258509,
-0.1417232,
0.2354072,
-0.1142597,
0.3969196,
0.2308755,
0.2675849,
0.7765622,
0.3960858,
-0.2047837,
... |
Effect of diabetes therapy on the myocardium in experimental diabetes. | The effects of chronic antidiabetic treatment were examined in a clinically manifest, but non-ketotic diabetic animal model in which increased stabilization of steric structure in the cardiac connective tissue and left ventricular diastolic stiffness have been demonstrated. These changes accounted for decreased left ventricular performance during left ventricular afterload. Each of 8 diabetic dogs was given daily 8-16 IU of insulin, 250-750 mg carbutamide or 2-10 mg glibenclamide, respectively; doses were always adjusted to the actual metabolic requirements and findings were compared to those of 11 untreated diabetic and 6 healthy dogs. After three months, the hemodynamic and metabolic studies showed that the metabolically controlled diabetic dogs had less marked alterations in the connective cardiac tissue, left ventricular diastolic stiffness and performance. Apart from a considerable rise of arterial blood pressure during carbutamide treatment, no other difference was found in the cardiac actions of the three hypoglycemic agents tested. | 113,974 | [
-0.167203,
0.5567206,
-0.0533331,
-0.1803817,
-0.07813763,
-0.1858701,
0.01677586,
0.2126342,
0.3723683,
-0.001610909,
-0.09211369,
0.09447313,
0.06097716,
-0.03438254,
-0.3336141,
0.04398822,
-0.1458746,
0.06790922,
-0.1323114,
0.154367,
-0.2008872,
0.1313401,
-0.1816703... |
Cortical potentials associated with vocalization in the rhesus monkey. | Cortical potentials associated with vocalization have been investigated in two rhesus monkeys. In both animals a slow negative potential shift beginning approximately 1 sec prior to the onset of vocalization has been observed in transcortical recordings from precentral areas. It is suggested that this slow potential change might be the phylogenetic antecedent of the voluntary control of speech in humans. | 113,982 | [
-0.1575697,
-0.02337384,
-0.2309425,
-0.1183922,
0.06148899,
-0.3239245,
-0.4313005,
-0.3802334,
0.1880571,
0.1689442,
0.00600945,
-0.07196077,
-0.07457824,
-0.3251571,
-0.1017595,
-0.1925135,
-0.2318669,
-0.03095283,
0.1517626,
-0.3335433,
-0.1779374,
0.1820001,
0.073247... |
T4, T3 and reverse-T3 determinations in connection with the TRH test in the evaluation of possible hyperthyroidism. | One disadvantage of the TRH test is that an absent or blunted TSH response is seen not only in hyperthyroid patients but also in some normal subjects. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether the discriminatory power between eu- and hyperthyroidism could be increased by determining the T3 and T4 levels before and after the TRH administration. The study population consists of 30 patients referred for evaluation of suspected hyperthyroidism. The results show that all but one of the patients (n=20) who had T3 levels within the normal reference limits increased these levels after TRH administration, whether their TSH response was normal or blunted. One patient's T3 levels decreased after TRH. All the patients (n=10) who had T3 levels within the hyperthyroid range showed a decrease after TRH. The decrease was significantly correlated (r=0.90) to the magnitude of the increase. No consistent T4 and no change in reverse-T3 response was obtained. The addition of T3, T4 or reverse-T3 determinations in connection with the TRH test does not seem to increase the discriminatory power of the test. | 113,985 | [
-0.05046394,
-0.04411967,
-0.3165637,
-0.2686356,
0.0793051,
-0.357555,
0.1273589,
0.03267741,
-0.04266197,
0.1440773,
0.02077562,
0.1600966,
0.05012352,
-0.1317016,
-0.2077613,
-0.3830277,
-0.2692665,
0.2440819,
-0.2005033,
-0.07149235,
-0.02220315,
0.1734769,
-0.0035449... |
Carditis associated with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. | Among 560 patients with serologically confirmed Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, 25 (4.5%) had carditis (19 perimyocarditis, 6 pericarditis). During the acute phase 9 patients required intensive care. After an average of 16 months follow-up 11 patients with no previous signs of heart disease still had cardiac symptoms or signs. Thus carditis associated with M. pneumoniae infection is a serious disease, having cardiac sequelae more often than has hitherto been supposed. The pathogenesis of the carditis associated with M. pneumoniae infection is discussed, including the possibility that in some cases the elevated titre in the complement fixation test is non-specific. A summary is given of the 33 cases previously presented in the literature. | 113,988 | [
-0.4503278,
0.005729497,
0.05868335,
-0.1191712,
-0.05295054,
0.1424304,
-0.1644794,
0.3313748,
-0.2157198,
-0.09794451,
0.0934626,
0.1803843,
0.1558075,
0.1375763,
-0.1356714,
-0.270126,
-0.4035299,
0.1618539,
-0.2483542,
0.183752,
0.1284313,
-0.0440852,
-0.1028564,
-0... |
Pyloroduodenal bleeding and intraarterial vasopressin: clinical results. | Intraarterial vasopressin infusions were given to 46 patients with pyloroduodenal hemorrhage. Hemorrhage was angiographically and clinically controlled in 15 patients, with recurrent bleeding in five. Bleeding was not controlled in 31 patients; seven of these underwent Gelfoam embolization, with bleeding controlled in three. It is concluded that intraarterial vasopressin infusions are not as effective in controlling pyloroduodenal hemorrhage as in other areas of the gastrointestinal tract. | 114,008 | [
-0.406236,
0.2735147,
-0.3450384,
-0.3803075,
0.2644574,
-0.2554232,
-0.1290189,
-0.06448681,
-0.2420181,
-0.01624296,
0.3086226,
0.231622,
-0.02449749,
-0.3406671,
0.04259825,
-0.07413139,
0.03852332,
0.09457494,
0.1238231,
-0.02538128,
0.2516765,
0.01330323,
-0.2672215,... |
CT of the renal cyst: is cyst aspiration necessary? | Fifty patients with a total of 56 renal masses discovered on routine excretory urography or abdominal plain films and with ultrasonographic diagnoses of definite or probable benign cysts underwent computed tomography (CT) prior to cyst aspiration with cytologic study. All lesions met strict criteria for the CT diagnosis of benign cyst and subsequently proved to be benign cysts. In addition, CT scanning detected 11 other renal masses, only one of which could be retrospectively diagnosed on the original urogram. It is suggested that renal cyst aspiration need not be performed when lesions meet all CT criteria for a benign cyst. | 114,010 | [
-0.1420039,
0.1551209,
-0.2378286,
-0.1765839,
0.3407346,
-0.2797606,
-0.4893642,
0.1032278,
0.08494079,
0.1235335,
0.08914331,
0.07827852,
-0.1482248,
-0.0212134,
-0.1347367,
-0.2780032,
-0.3875411,
0.1816057,
0.3425134,
-0.3261113,
0.1660989,
0.1328167,
-0.3003198,
0.... |
Radiographic evaluation of the spine after surgical correction of scoliosis. | Scoliosis is frequently a progressive deformity despite the best efforts at external bracing and various exercises. In childhood, scoliosis is usually insidious and is rarely symptomatic. In later years, however, scoliosis leads to cardiopulmonary compromise, neurologic dysfunction, degenerative joint disease, and cosmetic deformities. Therefore, surgical correction is indicated in selected patients. Internal fixation with spinal fusion is more effective than fusion alone. Postoperative radiographs must be examined closely for general as well as orthopedic complications. Loss of correction and failure of hardware are signs of pseudarthrosis. Radiographic follow-up evaluation should include two views whenever possible. | 114,017 | [
-0.154106,
0.4294229,
0.02894009,
-0.2255688,
-0.06285401,
-0.1556774,
-0.2350598,
-0.2492605,
-0.1057125,
-0.2371747,
0.1011827,
-0.09866503,
-0.3278981,
-0.4636199,
0.1117002,
0.2710809,
-0.2119749,
0.2677997,
-0.0009216091,
-0.06473349,
0.2144012,
-0.06489023,
-0.15018... |
Lung metastases in cervical and endometrial carcinoma. | Carcinoma of the cervix or endometrium was evaluated in 1,021 patients at the Joint Center for Radiation Therapy, Boston, between July 1968 and December 1977. The patients were retrospectively evaluated for the presence of lung metastases, appearing initially or during their disease course. On chest radiography, 42 patients were found to have metastases. Lung metastases were seen in 5.1% of patients with carcinoma of the cervix and in 3.6% of patients with carcinoma of the endometrium. Median time from initial disease staging to detection of lung metastases was 12 months. Once pulmonary spread was discovered, 80% of patients expired within 1 year. Lung nodules varied greatly in size. In 11 patients they were solitary; five patients had pleural effusions; three had mediastinal or hilar adenopathy; and none had excavation. | 114,020 | [
-0.01251161,
-0.08642461,
-0.09591579,
-0.2770484,
-0.1855268,
-0.3639892,
-0.1653661,
-0.1060953,
0.1552979,
0.03781071,
0.2368982,
-0.08268411,
-0.03064806,
-0.2191439,
-0.06602005,
-0.2862281,
-0.07529967,
0.04272507,
0.4117297,
-0.2488559,
0.2995661,
0.1838099,
-0.038... |
Brief clinical reports: aprosencephaly-atelencephaly and the aprosencephaly (XK) syndrome. | We report on a postnatally dead, postterm male infant with aprosencephaly and the oculofacial manifestations usually seen in the most severe form of alobar holoprosencephaly -- namely cyclopia and absence of derivatives of the frontonasal process; in addition the infant had the radius aplasia field defect bilaterally, a high VSD, mobile cecum, and penile hypospadias with cryptorchidism. The same syndrome was reported recently by Garcia and Duncan [2]; however, in that case the brain defect was designated "atelencephaly." Since atelencephaly is a less severe form of aprosencephaly we chose to designate the condition in these two patients as "the aprosencephaly (XK) syndrome." Atelencephaly and aprosencephaly may occur also as a single and sporadic malformation. The cause of the aprosencephaly (XK) syndrome is unknown. | 114,053 | [
-0.1936559,
-0.0373076,
0.1794305,
-0.2724099,
0.2833467,
-0.01185018,
-0.2411165,
-0.2286435,
0.07332932,
-0.09679451,
0.3160895,
0.1997632,
-0.08465872,
-0.152984,
-0.4490977,
-0.2783866,
-0.6840492,
-0.006456295,
0.04486074,
-0.3901947,
0.3872186,
0.09520658,
-0.109353... |
Vitreoretinal degeneration as a sign of generalized connective tissue diseases. | Dominant vitreoretinal degeneration was first described by Wagner as a benign ocular condition. This term has since become widely associated with a familial retinal degenerative process accompanied by retinal detachments, even though nobody in the family described by Wagner suffered from a retinal detachment. Vitreoretinal degeneration, often progressing to detachments, occurs also in several distinct bone dysplasias. I have provided a classification of syndromes with vitreoretinal degeneration and its signficance as a sign of connective tissue diseases (probably involving type II collagen). In this sense, it is similar to ectopia lentis as a sign of various connective tissue diseases. | 114,056 | [
-0.2755156,
0.1375179,
0.088946,
-0.2845636,
0.1219638,
-0.515898,
-0.0105381,
0.192635,
0.01571104,
0.3843641,
0.1802026,
0.2591383,
-0.06408224,
-0.2324876,
-0.2233688,
-0.1006172,
-0.4461586,
0.03523817,
0.02331911,
-0.06375366,
0.03744684,
0.2446819,
-0.2418402,
0.0... |
Studies on the 2,4-diamino-6-substituted quinazolines. II. Activities of selected derivatives against infections with various drug-susceptible and drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax in owl monkeys. | Four 6-thio-, one 6-sulfinyl-, and two 6-sulfonyl-substituted 2,4-diaminoquinazolines were evaluated for capacities to cure established infections with the chloroquine-resistant Vietnam Oak Knoll and pyrimethamine-resistant Malayan Camp-CH/Q strains of Plasmodium falciparum in owl monkeys. As compared with the doses of standard drugs required for cure of infections with drug-susceptible strains or doses of the newly developed aminoalcohols required for cure of either drug-susceptible or drug-resistant strains, each of these quinazolines effected cure of infections with the Oak Knoll strain at a remarkably small daily dose. However, doses required for cure of infections with the Camp-CH/O strain were from 4-48 times those required for cure of infections with the Oak Knoll strain, suggesting that the activities of these quizanolines, like those of 6-amino-substituted derivatives, were compromised by pyrimethamine resistance. This suggestion received support from expanded studies involving WR-158,122 and WR-159,412, the most active of the agents examined, and the multidrug-resistant Vietnam Smith strain of P. falciparum and Vietnam Palo Alto strain of P. vivax, as well as the Oak Knoll and Camp-CH/Q strains. These studies also showed that significant fractions of infections with the Oak Knoll, Camp-CH/Q, and Palo Alto strains treated previously with subcurative doses of the above derivatives failed to respond to doses that regularly cured previously untreated infections. These treatment failures proved to be due to emergence of parasites resistant to the quinazolines. | 114,065 | [
0.004259835,
-0.0477189,
0.03599738,
-0.2492022,
0.1583562,
-0.08752589,
-0.3143246,
0.3025782,
0.4885111,
-0.1979185,
-0.1468866,
0.3247453,
0.04992866,
0.4249353,
-0.6647082,
-0.5414268,
-0.2915879,
0.2498044,
-0.07127108,
0.2291098,
0.10197,
0.1067258,
-0.2880079,
0.... |
[Risk hypothesis in the use of "non-carbon copy paper"]. | Some kinds of "carbon less copy-paper" presently used in Italy were examined. The analysis showed the presence on the paper of mycrocapsules containing special inks formed by organic dyes dissolved in mineral oil and, sometimes, polychlorobyfenils. Therefore there is a possible risk for the workers using carbon less copy-paper. It is necessary therefore to complete the research in order to demonstrate this hypothesis also from biological point of view. | 114,077 | [
-0.4247127,
0.1555353,
0.4786522,
0.05517976,
-0.08397628,
-0.1318286,
-0.1757214,
-0.01376192,
0.06993849,
-0.06289227,
-0.04536024,
-0.1408015,
0.02745422,
0.2353255,
-0.4766771,
-0.2255568,
-0.3566412,
0.1716681,
0.1586975,
0.2030765,
0.1477939,
0.2209464,
-0.0767366,
... |
Transfer of R factors to and between genetically marked sublines of Rhizobium japonicum. | Plasmids R1822 and pRD1 of the P-1 incompatibility group, for which Rhizobium japonicum had not previously been shown to serve as host, were introduced into a strain of R. japonicum. Acquisition of R68 and R68.45 plasmids by this Rhizobium was equivocal. Transfer of R1822 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and of pRD1 from Escherichia coli to R. japonicum was unambiguous, because the exconjugants subsequently cotransferred the three R-factor resistance determinants (kanamycin, tetracycline, and penicillin) between genetically marked sublines of strain I-110. Under optimal conditions the transfer of R1822 and pRD1 occurred at frequencies of approximately 10(-3) in plate matings of strains bearing as many as five dissimilar genetic markers. In matings with R1822 on membrane filters, recombinants were formed at incidences as high as 4%. | 114,109 | [
0.1614154,
0.1324754,
0.05217994,
-0.2684783,
-0.2323262,
-0.003858478,
-0.08374219,
-0.1160967,
0.5578374,
0.08231026,
0.09265927,
0.00604203,
-0.08325813,
0.5956576,
-0.2779929,
-0.2188582,
-0.2850164,
-0.4043747,
0.3469568,
0.01641391,
0.008749465,
0.1237983,
0.076791,... |
Redox potential-dependent nitrite metabolism by Salmonella typhimurium. | Salmonellae are generally resistant to the inhibitory effects of NaNO2. Removal of the lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella typhimurium by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid pretreatment did not result in subsequent inhibtion of growth by NaNO2, indicating that lipopolysaccharide does not function to exclude NaNO2 from the cell. NaNO2 disappeared from the medium while the cells were growing, but, after stationary phase was reached, no further losses were observed unless the pH was maintained above 7.0. Similar losses were observed in a cell-free system if the redox potential of the medium was between -250 and -175 mV. If the disrupted cell suspension was first heated in a boiling water bath for 15 to 18 min, no NaNO2 loss was observed regardless of the redox potential. S. typhimurium is capable of metabolizing NaNO2, possibly by means of a nitrite-reducing enzyme function which is redox controlled. | 114,115 | [
-0.2174925,
0.0633254,
-0.4841252,
0.06936431,
-0.1186159,
-0.1655464,
-0.1845427,
-0.1157302,
0.231232,
0.02330921,
0.2190563,
-0.05871358,
-0.03417159,
-0.1710524,
-0.1697254,
0.02826808,
-0.5254403,
-0.001797398,
-0.0676263,
0.1399383,
0.2884695,
0.204122,
-0.05094903,... |
Asymmetric diphenol formation by a fungal laccase. | A laccase isolated from the fungus Rhizoctonia praticola catalyzed the cross-coupling of two differently halogenated phenols. When 2,4-dichlorophenol and 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol were incubated together with the enzyme, three dimers were formed and isolated by thin-layer chromatography. The molecular weights of these compounds were determined by mass spectrometry as 322, 410, and 366, which correspond with the respective dimers of each of the phenols and with a hybrid formed from both, tentatively assigned the structure 3,3',5'-trichloro-5-bromo-2,2'-diphenol. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of these products and of their methylated derivatives lent support to these structural assignments. | 114,116 | [
0.09821776,
-0.1734888,
-0.006472283,
-0.05081559,
-0.1829186,
-0.1132126,
-0.07530466,
-0.1465136,
0.1487279,
-0.02604175,
0.1066011,
-0.05041802,
-0.1529502,
0.003670555,
-0.1393258,
0.2837626,
-0.4655645,
0.1420509,
0.3470783,
-0.09925712,
0.1735101,
0.3693029,
-0.2594... |
Metabolic and hormonal responses of low birthweight infants to intravenously infused calories not exceeding the maintenance energy expenditure. | Eithe low birthweight infants were studied for their metabolic and hormonal responses to intravenous alimentation when the caloric input was varied. The study was made during three consecutive 12-hour periods, when solutions of glucose, glucose and amino-acids, and glucose and amino-acid and lipids were successively infused. Hypertonic glucose led to a fall in plasma free fatty acids and amino-acids. Supplementation with an amino-acid mixture increased the concentration of amino-acids but not above the fasting level. Thus, hypertonic glucose was an effective means for avoiding hyperaminoacidaemia. Blood urea was little changed, also indicating satisfactory use of amino-acids. The number and distribution of calories infused throughout the third 12-hour period, when lipid was infused, were also important factors contributing to the avoidance of hyperaminoacidaemia. The caloric needs of low birthweight infants kept at neutral temperatures should be individually assessed in the light of recent data. The administration of an unnecessarily large load of calories and nutrients to parenterally-fed infants can thereby be avoided. | 114,120 | [
-0.2070703,
-0.0001331185,
-0.197719,
0.01410706,
0.1961944,
-0.3026025,
-0.2541704,
0.1610681,
-0.07815825,
0.1554694,
0.1666257,
0.04542394,
-0.09373196,
-0.156785,
0.04777165,
-0.1019622,
-0.1127144,
-0.02468832,
-0.1979683,
-0.1236185,
0.2923483,
0.3696351,
-0.1164067... |
Characterization of the exfoliative antispermatogenic agent 1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid in the rhesus monkey. | The effects of oral doses of 1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid (DICA) on spermatogenesis in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) was studied. Four animals given five daily 50 mg/kg doses or three or five daily 500 mg/kg doses showed that DICA was an exfoliating antispermatogenic compound. The inhibition of spermatogenesis was only partially reversible following 500 mg/kg doses of DICA. Weekly and monthly 50 mg/kg doses of DICA only partially inhibiting spermatogenesis as measured by electro-ejaculated sperm counts. Response in individual monkeys ranged from azoospermia to no effect. Testicular biopsies confirmed this finding. DICA did not affect serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), or testosterone concentrations. The blood absorption or urinary excretion rates of uniformly tritiated DICA in the animals that responded well did not differ from those monkeys that responded poorly. DICA metabolites were not detected in monkey urine. Serum testosterone concentrations appeared to vary with the season of the year, but FSH concentrations and ejaculated sperm count did not. | 114,129 | [
-0.01960048,
0.0274058,
0.002237819,
-0.3923762,
0.1907267,
-0.2087026,
-0.3234502,
0.03804834,
0.2252204,
0.02256063,
0.1403336,
0.2015459,
0.004971978,
0.06202082,
-0.3827164,
-0.1179539,
-0.6467957,
-0.131254,
0.1878938,
0.1117955,
0.325653,
0.326458,
-0.2370808,
-0.... |
[Left ventricular cineangiography in the convalescent phase of a 1st myocardial infarct. Influence of coronary lesions]. | 80 patients with a primary myocardial infarction (32 anterior and 48 posterior) underwent cardiac catheterisation and angiography (coronary arteriography and selective left ventricular cineangiography) within 12 months of infarction. Analysis of the results of catheterisation and angiography showed: -- Diffuse coronary artery narrowing to be more frequent in patients with posterior infarction. Significant stenosis of the left anterior descending artery was observed in half these cases; -- No correlation between the results of cardiac catheterisation and the distribution of the coronary artery lesions. Changes of ventricular contraction are essentially related to the infarct size and much less to the quality of the healthy myocardium as far as can be appreciated by the usual haemodynamic methods in both anterior and posterior myocardial infarction. | 114,133 | [
-0.0176497,
0.3552321,
-0.1710664,
-0.06703924,
0.04094719,
-0.3058307,
-0.1714719,
-0.03024201,
-0.006230488,
0.08059169,
-0.0247264,
0.008810578,
-0.2429128,
-0.1669253,
-0.1498686,
-0.4226043,
-0.2121454,
0.3618249,
-0.03712862,
0.2866162,
0.5826706,
0.03179018,
-0.107... |
[Congenital arteriopathies and Leo Buerger's disease]. | A homogenous series of 7 consecutive cases of Buerger's disease were investigated and the congenital malformations of the upper and lower limb arterial trunks were classified. These malformations constitute the anatomical basis of Buerger's disease and define an autonomous disease entity. Total supra-malleolar interruption of the main lower limb arteries either by triple vessel agenesis or, more rarely, by femoro-popliteal or popliteal and tibio-peronal agenesis was observed. The appearances of the collateral circulation, already established in utero, are characteristic with long axial spiral-shaped arteries and dependant arterioles maintaining a precarious supply to the distal tissues which may be adequate for many years. The nautral history of the disease is directly related to the malformation of the congenital arterial system of the limbs. Proximal arterial malformative occlusion is the cause of early, inevitable trophic lesions; the spiral-shaped arteries and distal arterioles, which represent the maximal embryonic collateral circulation, limit the area of necrosis and favour healing. | 114,139 | [
0.04191175,
-0.1816972,
0.2133779,
0.3141964,
0.2928043,
-0.3802295,
-0.141769,
0.1328694,
-0.07373158,
0.1953597,
0.003747022,
-0.1222608,
-0.06763185,
-0.1030105,
-0.2680788,
-0.2696149,
-0.02877191,
0.002303576,
-0.3508122,
0.1061008,
0.1701774,
0.3596374,
-0.1245995,
... |
A case for further quantification of the stapedius reflex. | Clinical stapedius reflex determinations presently include only threshold and decay measurements. Recent observations indicate that reflex latency, amplitude, and rise and relaxation times are sensitive to cochlear and brain stem disorders. Our investigations using a chronic animal model of an experimental acoustic tumor show that reflex amplitude, latency, and rise time are exquisitely sensitive to extrinsic pressure on the auditory nerve. Because of our observations and those of others, we suggest that further quantification of the reflex test will increase its sensitivity and reliability. Quantification can be achieved by an interface between an impedance bridge and a small computer to provide on-line averaged values for each reflex parameter. | 114,150 | [
-0.08820952,
-0.3775517,
-0.04487311,
-0.2437725,
-0.00632398,
-0.3848249,
-0.2780567,
0.1011447,
0.3926029,
0.1872518,
0.01675649,
0.02676313,
0.0422615,
-0.04208378,
-0.1945778,
-0.03950657,
-0.2811719,
0.04746003,
-0.3809398,
-0.1189988,
0.2129145,
-0.322713,
0.1634023... |
Comparison of mutagenesis and malignant transformation by dihydrodiols from benz[a]anthracene and 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. | Five dihydrodiols derived from benz[a]anthracene (BA) and 4 dihydrodiols derived from 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) have been tested, together with the parent hydrocarbons, for their abilities to induce mutations to 8-azaguanine resistance in V79 (Chinese hamster cells and malignant transformation in M2 mouse fibroblasts. The syn- and anti-isomers of benz[a]anthracene 8,9-diol 10,11-oxide were also tested for biological activity in these two systems. The non-K-region 1,2- and 3,4-dihydrodiols of BA induced mutations but the non-K-region 8,9-dihydrodiol and the K-region 5,6-dihydrodiol were inactive as mutagens; none of these BA diols transformed M2 mouse fibroblasts. The 3,4- and the 8,9-dihydrodiols derived from 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced mutations in V79 cells and malignant transformation in M2 mouse fibroblasts and both were more active than the hydrocarbon itself. The K-region 5,6-dihydrodiol and the non-K-region 10,11-dihydrodiol of DMBA were inactive in both test systems. The results are not inconsistent with other data suggesting that the metabolic activation of both BA and DMBA occurs through conversion of the respective 3,4-dihydrodiols into the related vicinal diol-epoxides, although other dihydrodiols may also be involved in vivo. Both the BA diol-epoxides tested were mutagenic, but although the anti-isomer transformed M2 fibroblasts, the syn-isomer was inactive. | 114,201 | [
-0.2906131,
0.2130937,
-0.2730745,
-0.2366192,
0.1366909,
0.02842346,
-0.03420971,
-0.07975067,
0.2362552,
-0.1743006,
0.03093354,
-0.05355295,
0.1859804,
0.0387371,
-0.659043,
-0.3052765,
-0.374441,
0.4251497,
0.3089566,
0.0447816,
0.1649294,
-0.0776907,
-0.2693494,
-0... |
Amino acid sequence of the heavy-chain variable region of the crystallizable human myeloma protein Dob. | The amino acid sequence of the heavy-chain variable region of the crystallizable human myeloma protein Dob has been determined. This protein has previously been shown to have a deletion in the hinge region [Lopes, A. D., & Steiner, L. A. (1973) Fed. Proc., Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol. 32, 1003; Steiner, L. A., & Lopes, A. D. (1979) Biochemistry (preceding paper in this issue)]. The complete sequence was established by analysis, in the automated sequenator, of the intact Fd' piece and of three large overlapping fragments prepared from Fd' by digestion with cyanogen bromide, by tryptic digestion of the citraconylated Fd', and by cleavage with hydroxylamine. Portions of the sequence were confirmed by examination of the amino acid composition and the partial sequence of a variety of small peptides obtained by enzymatic degradation. The Dob heavy-chain variable region appears to belong to the VHIII subgroup, but there are several unusual substitutions. Residue 45 in the Dob sequence is proline, although all other known heavy-chain sequences in man, mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig have leucine at this position. Positions 10 (aspartic acid), 68 (alanine), and 82 (leucine) in the Dob sequence are also atypical. There is no deleted segment in the variable region of the Dob heavy chain nor any abnormality in the variable-constant joining region. The hinge-region deletion appears to be the only gross structural anomaly in the Dob heavy chain. | 114,209 | [
-0.1702861,
0.1042171,
-0.1165065,
0.07687483,
0.1517579,
-0.4455658,
0.1709625,
0.2773831,
0.1026167,
0.07578404,
0.1004948,
0.1533025,
0.188826,
-0.1024404,
-0.3726696,
0.03426901,
-0.4255649,
-0.1292845,
0.2434307,
0.06149182,
0.1536132,
0.4454385,
-0.1193092,
0.1107... |
Interaction of divalent cations with beta-galactosidase (Escherichia coli). | Although the addition of various divalent metals to beta-galactosidase resulted in apparent activation, only Mg2+ and Mn2+ actually did activate. The apparent activation by the other divalent metals was shown to be due to Mg2+ impurities. Calcium did not activate, but experiments suggested that it did bind. Other divalent metals which were studied failed to bind. The dissociation constants for Mg2+ and Mn2+ were 2.8 X 10(-7) and 1.1 X 10(-8) M, respectively, and in each case one ion bound per monomer. These constants corresponded very closely to apparent values which were obtained from activation studies. The apparent binding constant for Ca2+, obtained from competition studies, was 1.5 X 10(-5) M. Data were obtained which showed that Mg2+, Mn2+, and Ca2+ all compete for binding at a single site. Of interest and of possible molecular biological importance was the observation that, while Mg2+ bound noncooperatively (n = 1.0), Mn2+ did so in a highly cooperative manner (n = 3.4). The binding of Mn2+ (as compared to Mg2+) resulted in a twofold drop in the Vmax for the hydrolysis and transgalactosylis reactions of lactose but had little effect on the Vmax of hydrolysis of allolactose, p-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside (PNPG), or o-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG); Km values were not effected differently for any of the substrates by Mn2+ as compared to Mg2+. When very low levels of divalent metal ions were present (0.01 M EDTA added) or when Ca2+ was bound with lactose as the substrate, a greater decrease was observed in the rate of the transgalactosylic reaction than in the rate of the hydrolytic reaction, and the Km values for lactose and ONPG were increased. Of the three divalent metal ions which bound to beta-galactosidase, only Mn2+ had significant stabilizing effects toward denaturing urea and heat conditions. | 114,210 | [
-0.1694248,
0.1386368,
-0.4055659,
0.1035596,
-0.1134994,
-0.1454758,
-0.4140727,
0.1218068,
-0.0543883,
-0.2757813,
0.01414731,
0.0498909,
0.04929462,
-0.1487757,
-0.9736033,
0.2011517,
-0.11347,
0.07442557,
-0.040189,
0.0977376,
0.3553988,
0.3551033,
-0.09819733,
0.23... |
Purification of the messenger ribonucleic acid for the lipoprotein of the Escherichia coli outer membrane. | The mRNA for the lipoprotein of the Escherichia coli outer membrane has been purified to 85% homogeneity. The purification procedure involved phenol extraction, NaCl extraction, gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and Sephadex G-200, and reversed-phase column chromatography on RPC-5. The purity of the final product was estimated to be 85% by analysis of the ribonuclease T1 fingerprint of the mRNA. The purified mRNA was able to direct the synthesis of cross-reactive material with antilipoprotein serum in both the E. coli and the wheat germ cell-free protein-synthesizing systems. The size of the mRNA was determined to be 8.2 S from its mobility in polyacrylamide--agrose gels. During the purification, two other RNA species, similar in size to the lipoprotein mRNA, were also isolated. Their sizes were determined to be 8.7 and 9.1 S. They both were inactive in an E. coli cell-free protein-synthesizing system. | 114,211 | [
0.1634032,
0.07162096,
-0.1248519,
-0.2894907,
0.1771359,
-0.1955484,
-0.2830998,
0.01447962,
0.2082962,
-0.08627383,
0.06907288,
0.2461746,
-0.04226672,
0.3064403,
-0.3061031,
0.05078242,
-0.2895897,
-0.003827487,
-0.1803477,
0.03775927,
0.5348842,
0.128569,
-0.4695989,
... |
Photoreaction center of photosynthetic bacteria. 2. Size and quaternary structure of the photoreaction centers from Rhodospirillum rubrum strain G9 and from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides strain 2.4.1. | The photoreaction center from Rhodospirillum rubrum strain G9 binds about 6 times as much sodium dodecyl sulfate as certain proteins commonly used as molecular weight markers for sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This presumably explains the apparent discrepancy between the molecular weight of the photoreaction center determined by electrophoresis (76 000) and its minimal molecular weight (87 000). The molecular weight of the photoreaction center solubilized with Triton X-100 was determined by three different methods: conventional sedimentation equilibrium, a combination of sedimentation velocity and gel filtration measurements, and sedimentation equilibrium in H2O and in D2O. Each technique required a determination of the amount of bound detergent. All three methods gave molecular weight values close to 60 000. A similar molecular weight was found for the photoactive beta gamma dimer obtained from the photoreaction center of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides strain 2.4.1 which, as a whole, had a molecular weight of 87 000. These results indicate that the photoreaction center from Rp. sphaeroides is an oligomer of the type alpha 1 beta 1 gamma 1. In contrast, the photoreaction center from Rs. rubrum appears to be dissociated, in solution, into a photoactive beta gamma dimer and a free polypeptide alpha. | 114,213 | [
-0.05944723,
0.1611317,
-0.1382771,
-0.1768506,
-0.09593689,
-0.5068683,
-0.07337599,
0.1073487,
0.3541282,
0.2582212,
0.04068095,
-0.125797,
-0.3350848,
0.0761588,
-0.3522831,
-0.08137637,
-0.30857,
0.06494845,
0.4169827,
-0.1972489,
0.1795424,
0.1705263,
-0.1253229,
-... |
Circular dichroism of lipoxygenase-1 from soybeans. | The circular dichroism spectra of the three forms of lipoxygenase-1 from soybeans show characteristic differences in the region between 300 and 600 nm. Native lipoxygenase-1 only shows a negative dichroic band around 330 nm. Yellow lipoxygenase-1, obtained by addition of an equimolar amount of 13-F-hydroperoxylinoleic acid to the native enzyme, shows a positive Cotton effect at 425 nm, while the negative band band at 330 nm has increased in intensity. The blue enzyme, representing a complex of yellow enzyme with 13-L-hydroperoxylinoleic acid exhibits a negative dichroic band at 580 nm and positive bands at 410 and 391 nm. The near-ultraviolet CD spectra of the three forms of lipoxygenase are very similar, showing several well resolved positive dichroic bands at 0 degrees C. Using the method of Chen et al. (Chen, Y.-H., Yang, J.T. and Martinez, H.M. (1972) Biochemistry 11, 4120--4131) the contents of alpha-helix, beta- and unordered form of native lipoxygenase-1 were estimated to be 34, 27 and 39% respectively. | 114,226 | [
-0.1804418,
0.2423501,
-0.1218322,
-0.2031327,
0.08695084,
-0.101333,
-0.1022231,
0.09772402,
0.3047051,
-0.2022351,
0.1195749,
0.3058218,
0.07972396,
-0.1294173,
-0.2969826,
0.2555308,
-0.509017,
0.2515994,
0.2002608,
-0.08800469,
0.3392667,
0.6486422,
-0.3119382,
0.15... |
Inhibition of tyrosinase by indole compounds and reaction products. Protection by albumin. | Tyrosinase activity decreases as the reaction proceeds and is inhibited by L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine oxidation products. Indole and tryptophan inhibit tyrosinase reaction and bovine albumin protects against end-product(s) inhibition or inactivation. Since the same tyrosinase reaction products are indole compounds and some authors reported the binding of indole derivatives with albumin, it is here suggested that indole intermediates of melanin synthesis inhibit or inactivate tyrosinase. | 114,228 | [
-0.1729645,
-0.04128443,
-0.2093351,
-0.1760629,
0.3221522,
-0.07465644,
-0.1065391,
0.1907461,
0.1853499,
-0.2076489,
0.1191542,
0.01834851,
-0.01924122,
-0.01301757,
-0.483961,
0.08663769,
-0.3129022,
0.2025851,
0.24834,
0.1879128,
0.002449175,
0.1676817,
-0.3945665,
... |
[Comparative study of microsomal enzymic activities in adult and foetal monkey hepatocytes (author's transl)]. | Differential centrifugation was applied to adult and foetal liver of monkey. Obtained fractions were: F1 (800 X g); F2 (12 500 X g); F3 (200 000 X g); and cell sap. Analysis of chemical compounds of these fractions shows that: (1) adult and foetal nucleic acids levels are similar; (2) there are more proteins in adult than in foetal hepatocytes; (3) most of the glycogen is located in F3; the foetal level is twenty times higher than the adult level. Plasma membrane enzymes (5'-nucleotidase, adenylate cyclase) show a nucleomicrosomic distribution. The distribution of alkaline phosphatase is not significant. Mitochondrial enzymes (monoamine oxydase, succinate cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome oxydase) are enriched in F2 without any sedimentation in F3. There is more malate dehydrogenase liberated in cell sap during foetal liver fractionation. This indicates the foetal mitochondria are more sensitive to the homogenisation method. Lysosomal enzymes (acid phosphatase, N-acetylglucosaminidase) are enriched in F2. The same observation for N-acetylglucosaminidase as for malate dehydrogenase leads to the same conclusion for foetal lysosomes. Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi enzymes (glucose-6-phosphatase and related phosphotransferase activity, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and sialytransferase) are much enriched in F3. Thus this fraction F3 is pure enough to allow the observation of the modification produced on endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus during foetal and neonatal development. | 114,230 | [
0.02749898,
-0.1829892,
0.04230651,
0.4159332,
0.06457491,
-0.41456,
-0.1631499,
-0.1036694,
-0.001914316,
0.08513663,
-0.186523,
-0.1559954,
0.05702016,
0.06873536,
-0.6974082,
-0.2124766,
-0.4619848,
-0.1224235,
0.149427,
0.4490095,
0.4135872,
-0.006768984,
-0.2581828,
... |
Size measurements on isolated rat heart cells using Coulter analysis and light scatter flow cytometry. | Isolated ventricular muscle cells from the adult rat heart have been examined by both Coulter analysis and light scatter flow cytometry. The dispersed cell preparations contain two main cell types: viable, rod-shaped cells and damaged, round cells. Coulter analytical techniques provided statistical data on cell volume for both cell types. The contribution of each population to the Coulter pulse height distributions were separated by a subtraction method using data obtained from digitonin-treated preparations that contain only round cells. A shape factor for cells aligned with the flow direction was computed from light microscope measurements and the effects of cell orientation within the Coulter aperture were approximately assessed. The estimated volumes for intact myocytes compare favourably with those reported in the literature. No significant size difference was observed between fresh and fixed cells. Narrow angle, forward light scatter measurements were made on individual cells flowing across a focused laser beam. Both scatter pulse height and pulse width (pulse duration) distributions were collected. Values for myocyte length calculated from pulse width information agree well with published data and confirm that the hydrodynamic forces in the flow system produced alignment of the cells with the flow direction. Scatter pulse width distributions reveal two distinct peaks assignable to either rod or round cells. Preliminary electronic gating experiments, using pulse height signals, suggest that signals derived from round cells could be eliminated entirely using a gating regime based on pulse width. This would enable flow cytometric measurements to be made on only the intact myocytes present in heterogeneous preparations. | 114,233 | [
-0.1466179,
0.08701602,
-0.2422327,
0.1036638,
0.3179378,
-0.1827327,
0.07072536,
0.2863044,
0.05507597,
0.3008104,
0.02224097,
-0.3571662,
-0.2317674,
-0.1612953,
-0.1463256,
0.08422885,
-0.2887722,
-0.02632287,
-0.06975606,
0.1649777,
0.5557207,
0.025769,
0.08112016,
... |
The decrease of guanine nucleotides initiates sporulation of Bacillus subtilis. | Massive sporulation of Bacillus subtilis normally begins when carbon, nitrogen or phosphorus sources able to support rapid growth are no longer available. Sporulation can also be induced in exponentially growing cultures, in the presence of rapidly utilizable ammonia, glucose and phosphate if growth is partially but not completely inhibited either by inhibitors of nucleotide synthesis (hadacidin, decoyinine or 6-azauracil) or by purine deprivation in purine and especially in guanine auxotrophs. All these conditions allowing sporulation result in a decrease in the intracellular concentration of guanosine di- and tri-phosphates and usually uridine di- and triphosphates while other nucleotides decrease in some but increase in other cases. A decrease of uracil nucleotides alone, in a uracil auxotroph, does not produce massive sporulation. Our results demonstrate that the partial reduction of a guanine nucleotide, probably relative to some other compound, suffices to initiate sporulation. This reduction may always play a decisive role in the initiation of sporulation, as we have observed it under all conditions so far known to produce massive sporulation. | 114,234 | [
-0.1785953,
0.2756957,
-0.04032554,
0.2645656,
0.02854251,
-0.2559554,
-0.2738257,
-0.06331794,
0.133812,
-0.150676,
0.1099339,
0.139753,
-0.1077319,
-0.002064158,
-0.5265493,
0.1401893,
-0.06312179,
-0.02061678,
0.07205339,
0.05891921,
0.4582394,
0.1214374,
-0.05767658,
... |
Dynamics of a long-latency reflex pathway in the monkey. | Angular wrist displacements in the monkey result in a short-latency (20--25 ms) "reflex" response of motor cortical cells in area 4 and separate peaks of activity in the gross EMG of the stretched muscles. Frequency domain analysis was carried out between (1) wrist position as input and motor cortical neuron response as output, (2) position as input and EMG response as output, and (3) motor cortical neuron response as input and EMG response as output. The results show that the dynamics of primary spindle afferents characterize the dynamics of the pathway to the motor cortex and that of the reflex loop. Results are discussed in terms of "long-loop" reflexes. | 114,239 | [
0.2275581,
-0.2671252,
-0.2110249,
-0.2633732,
-0.04697321,
-0.4007289,
-0.160356,
0.06816871,
0.06859867,
0.1297188,
0.002708821,
-0.1794108,
0.08789878,
-0.04979554,
-0.1998508,
-0.2403651,
-0.3876098,
0.2445309,
-0.127305,
0.1894983,
0.5073036,
0.2289048,
0.1034121,
... |
[Transmissible modification induced in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis in vitro]. | A biologically active material (fraction "S") is isolated from cultures of scotochromogenic mycobacteria. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, or Mycobacterium bovis by disrupting the cells, sedimentation through 2.2 M sucrose, and ultrafiltration. The fraction "S" induces the modification of tubercle bacilli into non acid-fast bacteria forming smooth colonies on nutritive glycerol agar within 24-36 h of incubation. Three new phenotypes are thus obtained; two proved to be stable upon subculturing. Frequently the phenomenon occurs with a very large part of the Koch's bacillus population exposed to the inducing agent effect. It can be reproduced with crude preparations of DNA obtained from the fraction "S." It is inhibited by concanavalin A. The observed modification does not correspond to a transfer of characteristics of the inducing agent from the donor mycobacteria; furthermore it can be manifested even in the strain used for the preparation of the fraction "S." | 114,293 | [
-0.1931905,
-0.1253208,
0.1254896,
0.3105465,
0.1147225,
-0.3709039,
-0.4513927,
0.05364805,
0.3575009,
-0.09256683,
0.02525453,
0.06919769,
0.2938575,
0.2650494,
-0.4095829,
0.05018046,
-0.0638691,
-0.3513822,
0.1127219,
0.1976035,
0.1746503,
-0.06492951,
-0.1636275,
-... |
The ineffectiveness of analogs of D-galactal as competitive inhibitors of, and substrates for, beta-D-galactosidase from Escherichia coli. | 2,6-Anhydro-3-deoxy-aldehydo-D-lyxo-hept-2-enose (7) and 2,6-anhydro-3-deoxy-D-lyxo-hept-2-enitol (8) were synthesized as half-chair analogs of D-galactal (1). As 1 is a strong inhibitor of, as well as a substrate for, beta-D-galactosidase from Escherichia coli, the same properties were expected for 7 and 8; however, both were ineffective. This result, together with those of other authors, allows speculative conclusions on the tight binding of 1 to the enzyme only, when water or an alcohol is bound as a co-substrate. | 114,299 | [
-0.1102805,
0.178599,
-0.4212707,
0.1561347,
-0.03677633,
0.0483341,
-0.2398231,
-0.2039077,
0.09752127,
-0.2324856,
0.09155688,
0.005812973,
0.1099285,
0.1504477,
-0.7117736,
0.2659959,
-0.9905938,
0.300523,
-0.1773968,
0.209164,
0.4402492,
0.395633,
-0.08393187,
0.195... |
Dissociation of effects of nitroglycerin on regional refractoriness and regional myocardial blood flow following acute coronary occlusion. | Nitroglycerin is known to affect the electrophysiological properties of the ischaemic ventricle, possibly by altering regional myocardial blood flow. This study correlated the effects of nitroglycerin, given after acute coronary occlusion, on regional ventricular refractoriness and regional myocardial blood flow. Nitroglycerin returned ventricular refractory periods to their pre-occlusion values in spite of no significant effect on regional myocardial blood flow. Although the beneficial electrophysiological effects of nitroglycerin were not explained by increased regional flow to the ischaemic myocardium, an improved myocardial oxygen supply-demand balance may have produced these favourable effects. This study emphasises the need for electrophysiological evaluation of the effects of interventions intended to limit infarct size. | 114,301 | [
0.08207209,
0.03023349,
-0.4242559,
-0.1484913,
0.03091594,
-0.2638626,
-0.01545398,
-0.3245264,
-0.06472693,
-0.1203752,
-0.05342,
-0.1313181,
-0.386848,
0.06518731,
-0.1495208,
-0.2771045,
-0.2830604,
0.201962,
-0.08476276,
0.1023805,
0.07963673,
-0.1419716,
0.09001198,... |
[Ultrastructure of gonadotropic cells of the normal eel and after estradiol injection]. | Male and female silver eels, in fresh water or sea water, have few gonadotrophs (GTH) poorly differentiated. An oestradiol (E2) treatment induces their development: a well developed Golgi area, abundant secretory granules (200-500 nm), dilated cisterna and large globules 1.2-2.2 micron) are observed. A positive feedback may control gonadotropin synthesis in immature eels. No macroscopic effect is discernible on the gonad. | 114,314 | [
-0.09703858,
0.07291088,
-0.1746857,
-0.1258969,
-0.01043519,
-0.1806554,
-0.099213,
-0.1600178,
-0.2169612,
0.1693665,
-0.1087733,
0.3850031,
-0.2226725,
0.01140913,
-0.3122428,
-0.1237986,
-0.2654286,
0.2504201,
0.04835501,
0.01768428,
0.5919269,
0.253842,
-0.02703794,
... |
[Stereotype and plasticity of utterances in gibbons (Hylobates concolor leucogenys)]. | The "great call" of adult male and female Hylobates concolor leucogenys was studied in different conditions of social stimulation, using quantitative (i. e. sonographic) analysis. Vocal sequences are generally made up of mixed sounds, appearing in a fixed order and constituting a species-specific character. Qualitative diversification appears in the repetition of sequences. Different social situations alter parameters of the calling pattern: especially the length and intensity of homologous modulated sounds, and the qualitative complexity of sequences. The capacity of controlling length and intensity of modulated sounds has been shown in earlier papers for H. c. gabriellae, and by several authors, in Cebus and Rhesus monkeys. The "great call" of H. c. leucogenys shows the two fundamental characteristics of instinctive (i. e. genetically determined) activity-patterns. | 114,327 | [
0.3340805,
0.1974722,
0.01310189,
0.01469043,
0.2002421,
-0.4513255,
-0.2865401,
-0.399539,
0.2266777,
0.176551,
0.1362826,
0.02320221,
-0.1862019,
-0.3279949,
-0.2648612,
-0.3035693,
-0.2990082,
-0.01964806,
0.1274149,
0.05702341,
0.4189353,
-0.04214904,
-0.0780099,
-0... |
The influence of bromocriptine on serum levels of growth hormone and other pituitary hormones and its metabolic effects in active acromegaly. | The effect of treatment with bromocriptine for 12--18 months on serum GH and metabolic responses was studied in sixteen patients with active acromegaly. Of this group ten patients showing a sustained GH reduction of more than 50% during an 8 h bromocriptine test, proved to be responsive to long-term therapy. In the responding patients GH levels decreased to 38% of the pretreatment level after 12 months of therapy. A dose higher than 10 mg did not produce a significantly greater effect. Prolactin and LH levels decreased in all patients, FSH levels showed a significant rise. Testosterone levels in the male patients increased significantly, indicating that the state of hypogonadism can at least be partially reversed. The GH levels became normal in only one patient. We conclude that the role of bromocriptine in acromagaly is limited and selective pituitary operation and/or irradiation is preferred as definitive treatment in most patients. | 114,344 | [
0.1461838,
-0.165037,
-0.2011325,
-0.3592745,
0.2442888,
-0.2566479,
0.1144072,
0.07362171,
-0.1498976,
0.163395,
0.2284216,
-0.05607772,
-0.05436071,
0.008639078,
-0.4048556,
-0.3484756,
-0.2557352,
0.1108554,
-0.111718,
0.001803997,
0.255927,
0.1208857,
0.04559643,
-0... |
Effects of dietary cadmium on rhesus monkeys. | Ten male rhesus monkeys, each weighing 3.5 kg, were divided into four groups of 3, 3, 2, and 2, and were fed daily with 100 g pelleted food containing 300, 30, 3, and 0 ppm cadmium, respectively. Urine samples were collected every 2 weeks and blood samples every 4 weeks. One monkey each of the 300 and 30 ppm groups was autopsied for pathological examination and tissue cadmium determination at the week 24 of the experiment; the remaining 8 animals were killed after 55 weeks. The lowest exposed group (3 ppm) did not show any specific biological response to cadmium over a period of 55 weeks. In the 30 ppm group, no significant changes were observed for up to 24 weeks, although cadmium concentration in the renal cortex and urine at 24 weeks were 300 mug/g wet weight and 18 mug/l., respectively. Plasma urea nitrogen and urine protein (quantitative determination) increased after 30 and 36 weeks. At 55 weeks of the experiment, qualitative tests were negative for low molecular weight proteinuria and glycosuria, and the results remained normal for renal and liver function tests and blood analysis, although cadmium concentrations in the renal cortex of two monkeys were 460 and 730 mug/g wet weight and those in the liver were 110 and 160 mug/g wet weight, respectively. In the highest exposure group (300 ppm), urine cadmium increased to 250 mug/l. by 11 weeks, and urine retinol-binding protein, plasma GOT, GPT, and LDH increased after 12 weeks. Proteinuria (quantitative determination), glycosuria, aminoaciduria (panaminoaciduria), and erythrocytopenia were observed after 16 weeks, when urine cadmium was 500-900 mug/l. Hypohemoglobinopathy and proteinuria (qualitative determination) were observed after 20 and 24 weeks, while cadmium concentrations in the renal cortex and the liver were 760 and 430 mug/g wet weight at 24 weeks, respectively. Slightly depressed tubular reabsorption of phosphate, increased urine beta(2)-microglobulin, increased plasma urea nitrogen, and increased plasma alpha(2)-globulin fraction (electrophoresis) were observed between 28 and 30 weeks of the experiment. Creatinine clearance and plasma cholinesterase decreased after 47 and 54 weeks, respectively. Cadmium concentrations in the renal cortex and the liver of two monkeys at 55 weeks were 350 and 580 mug/g wet weight and 410 and 630 mug/g wet weight, respectively. Pathological examinations revealed denaturation, destruction, and regeneration of the epithelial cells in renal proximal tubules, but no pathological changes in osseous tissues. Critical cadmium concentration in the renal cortex was estimated to be 380 mug/g wet weight for low molecular weight proteinuria and 470 mug/g wet weight for proteinuria, glycosuria, and aminoaciduria. Critical concentration in the liver was also estimated to be 210 mug/g wet weight. The apparent biological half-time of cadmium in monkeys at autopsied stage was calculated to be 0.66, 6.4, 5.2, and 22.4 years for the 300, 30, 3, and 0 ppm groups, respectively. | 114,386 | [
0.07662822,
-0.1947447,
-0.3316991,
0.04595416,
0.1344219,
-0.4303852,
-0.1262217,
0.06680743,
0.1630936,
0.03571199,
0.1551478,
0.1137602,
0.2085865,
0.02914382,
-0.4324231,
0.3850929,
-0.2563255,
0.2292959,
-0.04185801,
0.3174325,
-0.2255819,
0.5518355,
-0.06967431,
-... |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.