title stringlengths 0 901 | abstract stringlengths 3 9.89k | PMID int64 22 25.3M | embedding listlengths 768 768 |
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Comparative studies of penicillin-binding proteins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. | Penicillin-binding proteins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa were compared with those of Escherichia coli. These in P. aeruginosa were found exclusively in the cytoplasmic membrane fraction (fraction soluble in sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate). Sodium dodecyl sulfate/acrylamide gel electrophoresis of the proteins bound to [14C]penicillin G resulted in the separation of six major bands and several minor bands. The proteins in these bands are referred to as proteins 1A, 1B, 2, 3, 4 and 5 in order of increasing electrophoretical mobility. The electrophoretic mobilities and other properties of penicillin-binding proteins in P. aeruginosa and E. coli were compared and correlated. Fundamentally they seem to be very similar in the two bacteria, but proteins 1A and 1B in P. aeruginosa seem to correspond respectively to proteins 1B and 1A in E. coli, and protein 6 seems to be missing or present in only small amount in P. aeruginosa. In addition, the affinities of currently developed beta-lactam antibiotics to each protein of P. aeruginosa and E. coli were examined in relation to the morphological changes of the cells induced by these antibiotics and their antibacterial potencies. Mecillinam showed high affinity to only protein 2 in both P. aeruginosa and E. coli. At a minimal inhibitory concentration, it converted cells of both P. aeruginosa and E. coli from rods to spherical cells, although its minimal inhibitory concentration was much higher for P. aeruginosa than for E. coli. | 114,388 | [
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Purification and some characteristics of the human coagulation factor VII. | 1. A purification procedure for factor VII (proconvertin) from human plasma is described. The procedure involves barium sulphate adsorption and elution. DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography, barium sulphate adsorption and elution, heparin-Sepharose column chromatography, preparative disc gel electrophoresis and finally adsorption with antiserum to prothrombin coupled to Sepharose and antiserum to albumin coupled to Sepharose. This procedure gave an approximately 8 . 10(5)-fold purification. 2. The factor VII obtained from the electrophoresis step was mainly a single-chain protein with an apparent molecular weight of 53000 +/- 2000. 3. After the final purification step, additional forms of factor VII, resulting from a fragmentation of the factor VII molecule were detected. 4. Amino acid composition data of the purified factor VII are given. 5. Antisera were raised in two different rabbits by injection of the purified factor VII. The antisera obtained gave a good titre against the factor VII activity and were not directed against any of the three other vitamin-K-dependent coagulation factors. | 114,392 | [
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Pharmacokinetics of cyclophosphamide after prolonged low dose treatment in ovarian cancer patients. | We have studied Cyclophosphamide (Cy) pharmacokinetics in 9 patients after their first intravenous dose of 100 mg, and in 9 patients after 6--13 months of continual treatment with the same dose every day. The half-life of Cy was shorter (p less than 0.05) in the latter group, the Co was greater (less than 0.01) and the Vd was clearly less (p less than 0.01). The AUC was unchanged. | 114,397 | [
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Superoxide dismutase and life span of Drosophila melanogaster. | Comparison of superoxide dismutase activity in homogenates of wild and vestigial strains of D. melanogaster revealed a lower enzyme activity in the short-living vestigial strain. | 114,412 | [
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Is superoxide dismutase a physiological radioprotector? | Prolonged treatment with relatively low doses of ionizing radiation did not induce synthesis of superoxide dismutase, either in Drosophila melanogaster or in mice liver. | 114,413 | [
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Cell surface changes in mouse peritoneal macrophages after induction with proteose peptone or thioglycollate. | Some five to six per cent of mouse PEC spontaneously form rosettes with SRBC. This weak intercellular interaction is most likely mediated by a "receptor" for SRBC located on the surface of peritoneal macrophages. Manifestation of the receptor is influenced by the genetic background and the H-2 haplotype of PEC donors; a high proportion of RFC is associated with the H-2s haplotype. PEC derived from intact mice markedly differ in morphological and functional characteristics from those of PP- or TG-pretreated donors. Formation of rosettes by induced macrophages depends on the time interval between stimulation and PEC harvesting and on the type of the inducing agent; it is also radiosensitive and more responsive to the action of colchicine. TG-induced macrophages have a significantly reduced capacity to bind syngeneic lymphoid cells. The difference in adhesivity between intact and stimulated PEC can be abolished by glutaraldehyde prefixation. In vivo induction results in modified morphological and functional properties of macrophages, including transformation of their cell surface. | 114,430 | [
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Cost-benefit evaluations in primary health care. | Social work programs in primary health care (PHC) agencies have been well patronized and effective, but the expansion of social worker involvement in PHC depends on cost-benefit evaluations that satisfy the financial requirements of those who run PHC--the physicians. This article outlines a model for determining the cost-benefit performance of PHC social work programs. | 114,461 | [
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[Parenteral feeding with varying amounts of nitrogen and calories in patients with esophageal carcinoma]. | Eighteen male patients with operable esophagus carcinoma received parenteral nutrition during 4 preoperative and 14 postoperative days in three different infusion regimens. It was possible to demonstrate that a preoperative positive N-balance can be achieved in all patients of each group in comparison to 2 of the 3 groups postoperatively. Side effects were not observed in the course of this study. | 114,479 | [
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Action of bacterial endotoxin and lipid A on mitochondrial enzyme activities of cells in culture and subcellular fractions. | Escherichia coli O127:B8 lipopolysaccharide (LPS), prepared by the Westphal procedure, caused a marked decrease in the activities of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and adenylate kinase in African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells and primary cultures of mouse liver cells within 2 h after exposure to 10 micrograms of LPS/ml of culture medium. These three enzyme activities leaked into the supernatant fraction, and cytochrome oxidase activity was lost from the mouse liver mitochondrial particulate fraction within 45 min after exposure to 10 micrograms of LPS/mg of protein. Loss malate dehydrogenase activity from isolated mitochondria was also accelerated by LPS from E. coli O26:B6 (Boivin preparation) or Salmonella typhosa O901 (Westphal preparation), and by lipid A from Salmonella minnesota or Shigella sonnei. In addition, LPS and lipid A inhibited state 3 respiration by isolated mitochondria with attendant loss of respiratory control, but adenosine 5'-diphosphate/O ratios were relatively unchanged. Impaired mitochondrial function is an early event after exposure to biologically relevant amounts of LPS or lipid A. | 114,491 | [
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A high molecular weight DNA polymerase from Drosophila melanogaster embryos. Purification, structure, and partial characterization. | The DNA polymerase of early embryos of Drosophila melanogaster has been purified to near-homogeneity. The purified enzyme gave a single, catalytically active protein band after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, under nondenaturing conditions. Four polypeptides with molecular weights 43,000, 46,000, 58,000, and 148,000 were resolved when this band was electrophoresed under denaturing conditions. At high ionic strengths, the DNA polymerase had a sedimentation coefficient of 8.7 S, a Stokes radius of 78 A and frictional ratio of 1.81, parameters that yield a molecular weight of 280,000. The purified DNA polymerase possessed no detectable endo- or exodeoxyribonuclease, ATPase, or RNA polymerase activity. Using an "activated" DNA template-primer, the enzyme had a pH optimum of 8.5. It was stimulated by (NH4)2SO4, KCl, and to a lesser extent, NaCl. A divalent metal cation was absolutely required; MgCl2 stimulating activity 7-fold more than MnCl2. It was inhibited by low concentrations of N-ethylmaleimide and Aphidicolon. Thus the DNA polymerase of D. melanogaster resembles most closely the alpha-DNA polymerases that have been purified from mammalian cells. | 114,515 | [
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Regulation and state of aggregation of Bacillus subtilis prephenate dehydratase in the presence of allosteric effectors. | Prephenate dehydratase from Bacillus subtilis was found to exist in three states of aggregation. A high molecular weight (210,000) species was fully active and the catalytic activity was unaffected by the effectors methionine or phenylalanine. Low concentrations of phenylalanine caused dissociation to a Mr = 55,000 dimer. Heating to 32 degrees C also caused dissociation, but cooling and adding substrate or methionine favored association. When no effectors were present the enzyme eluted from Sephadex columns as a monomer. Both methionine and phenylalanine shifted the equilibrium from the inactive monomer to the active dimeric enzyme. In the presence of a saturating methionine concentration, the dimer possessed the same high activity as did the 210,000-dalton form. Phenylalanine inhibited the dimer, but not the higher molecular weight form. A model involving only three types of sites (catalytic, association-activation, and inhibition) is consistent with the data. It is proposed that phenylalanine is the preferred metabolite for binding both effector sites on the dimer; it binds the association-activation site with higher affinity than the inhibition site, but binding at the latter site has a greater effect on the catalytic rate. Methionine, like phenylalanine, has a hydrophobic side chain but is accommodated only at the association-activation site. | 114,523 | [
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Echocardiographic aortic ejection area as a reflection of left ventricular stroke volume. | Systolic cusp separation of normal aortic valves has been shown by echocardiography and by angiography to be related to left ventricular stroke volume. In this study, stroke volume was compared with echocardiographic area between the aortic cusps in systole (aortic ejection area). An excellent correlation was observed (r = 0.93) over a wide range of stroke volumes, even in the presence of mitral regurgitation. Stroke volume appears to correlate more closely with aortic ejection area than with angiographic or echocardiographic measurements of peak systolic cusp separation. | 114,543 | [
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The raphe nuclei of the rabbit brain stem. | The raphe nuclei of the rabbit brain stem were found in the midline and adjacent reticular formation of the medulla, pons, and mesencephalon. Nuclei raphe obscurus, pallidus, and magnus were located in the medulla. Nucleus raphe pontis and the caudal portion of nuclei raphe dorsalis and centralis superior were present in the pons. The rostral portion of nuclei raphe dorsalis and centralis superior, and nuclei linearis caudalis and intermedius were present in the msencephalon. Wings of neurons extended from the midline clusters of raphe neurons into the adjacent reticular formation. These wings of neurons contained serotonergic perikarya which were cytoarchitecturally indistinguishable from the midline neurons. A detailed localization of these nuclei is presented in atlas form. These raphe nuclei contained heterogeneous populations of neurons which varied in the size, shape and density of the cell bodies. In addition, the dendritic branching, specific orientation of dendrites, and appearance of spines were distinct for each of the raphe nuclei. Individual raphe nuclei often contained several subpopulations of neurons characterized by unique spatial configuration and orientation. The main morphological similarities of the raphe nuclei are location in or adjacent to the midline, the presence of serotonergic cell bodies in all raphe nuclei except the linear nuclei, and heterogeneous cell populations. | 114,552 | [
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The effect of TRH on the release of TSH, PRL and GH in man under basal conditions and following methysergide. | Pretreatment with methysergide, a blocker of serotoninergic receptors, significantly reduced the TSH response to TRH in six male volunteers. The TRH-induced PRL release was also slightly decreased, while plasma GH levels were not significantly modified by TRH either during the control period or after methysergide. These results indicate that alterations of central nervous system monoaminergic pathways may modify the hypophysiotropic effects of TRH. | 114,568 | [
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The amyloidosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis - comparative studies in Polish and American children II. Serum immunoglobulins, kappa and lambda light chain and C3 levels. | The concentration of serum IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE and complement C3 as well as Kappa and Lambda free and bound light chains were determined in sera from 21 amyloidotic Polish children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), Polish and American children with JRA, and control children from a Polish population. Comparable concentrations of IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE and C3 were found in amyloidotic children when compared to Polish JRA children with active polyarticular disease. However, the amyloidotic Polish children with JRA had significantly higher levels of IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE and complement C3 fraction when compared to American JRA children. The levels of IgA and IgE were significantly elevated in amyloidotic and Polish JRA populations when compared to American JRA patients. Free immunoglobulin light chains were not found in the sera of any of the children tested in this study. However, in the patients with amyloidosis, significantly diminished levels of bound Kappa and Lambda light chains were found. | 114,636 | [
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Gold in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis -- why, when and how? | The use of gold salts is reviewed and discussed in terms of rationale (Why), indications and side-effects compared to other disease suppressives (when), and different types of gold and their modes of administration (How). | 114,641 | [
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Antifungal agents. 5. Chemical modification of antibiotics from Polyangium cellulosum var. fulvum. Alcohol, ketone, aldehyde, and oxime analogues of ambruticin. | Alcohol, ketone, aldehyde, and oxime analogues of ambruticin (1) were prepared. The analogues were tested against Histoplasma capsulatum, Microsporum fulvum, Candida albicans, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Structure-activity relationships are described. Increasing the bulk of substituent at C1 and C5 reduces antifungal activity. | 114,657 | [
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5-[(4-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalyl)methyl]-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate: an analogue of a proposed intermediate in thymidylate synthetase catalysis. | In a study of the sequence steps involved in the mechanism of thymidylate synthetase catalysis, 5-[(N-methyl-piperazinyl)methyl]- (5) and 5-[(4-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalyl)methyl]-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-phosphate (6) were synthesized. Compound 6 has high affinity for the Lactobacillus casei enzyme (Ki = 0.75 microM, KI/Km - 0.23), which is 50 times stronger than that of the piperazinyl derivative 5. Compound 6, a possible multisubstrate inhibitor, is an analogue of a proposed intermediate in the reaction mechanism wherein the enzyme is eliminated from the covalent complex (enzyme--substrate--cofactor) prior to the redox reaction leading to the products 2'-deoxythymidine 5'-phosphate and 7,8-dihydrofolic acid. | 114,659 | [
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[Pseudodiverticulosis of the esophagus (author's transl)]. | The autopsy of a 59 years old male incidently revealed a pseudodiverticulosis of the esophagus. Histologic examination demonstrated typical cystic ectasies of all glandular ducts in the esophagus; they appeared on radiologic examination and are visible at endoscopy as little yellowish cystic lesions. The disease usually is of chronic nature and comprises disturbance of motility and passage. Chronic alcoholism, like in our case, often constitutes a concomitant disease. The etiology of this disorder is unknown. Certain clinical aspects should be considered. | 114,742 | [
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[Treatment of primary chronic polyarthritis with ranoroc (author's transl)]. | In the framework of a clinical study the butazone derivative Ranoroc was tested for efficacy and tolerance in 50 patients with primary chronic polyarthritis. The success rates both in previously treated and untreated patients were approximately equal, i. e. 92%. In the previously treated group, a superior effect of Ranoroc as compared with the earlier treatment was stated by the patients in 57% and by the physician in about 36% of the cases. The tolerance was very good. Nausea and heartburn occurred in 3 cases only and were controlled by reducing the dosage. Discontinuation of the trial was required in two cases on account of skin allergies. The continuously monitored laboratory parameters gave no evidence whatsoever of a negative influence, so that even a longterm treatment with Ranoroc seems possible. | 114,776 | [
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[Total hip prosthesis and sport (author's transl)]. | The artificial replacement of the hip joint has become a routine operation the assessment of load resistance of the total hip prothesis (THP), on the other hand, is very variable. If at all possible, a THP should only be implanted in elderly people usually with the object of obtaining painless and improved walking ability. Occasionally, however, the question of the possibility of sports activities arises. But for this there are no practical pointers for better orientation. Therefore 120 operated patients under the age of 60 were questioned in detail on their sports activities and followed up. Then an attempt was made to classify the types of sport. Swimming, cycling, gymnastics, walking and rowing seemed suitable. | 114,799 | [
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[Victimology of sexual crime. Examination of victims and the consequences for behavior, prophylaxis and therapy (author's transl)]. | Medico-legal and criminological examinations of 93 sexual crimes are reported. This figure comprises all the crimes which have become known to the police during a certain period in one region. It is suggested that the medical examination by confined to specific wards of the gynecological hospital so that psychological care can be provided and the customary criminological investigation methods be changed. For preventive reasons, a general expertise of the offenders and credibility examinations of victims and offenders seem to be called for in the absence of satisfactory evidence. Physical resistance on the part of the victim in the present cases led to a significant increase in the injury and death rate. How far traditional social views toward women favor sexual crime is discussed. | 114,808 | [
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Small area estimation--synthetic and other procedures, 1968-1978. | Methods for obtaining small area estimates which have emerged over the past decade are reviewed with particular emphasis given to synthetic estimation, a procedure originally developed at the National Center for Health Statistics which has found wide acceptance because of its simplicity and intuitive appeal, and yet has provoked much controversy because of its lack of good demonstrable statistical properties and its equivocal results when subjected to empirical evaluation. The various methods of obtaining small area estimates are discussed in terms of their statistical properties, the feasibility of using them and the potential scope of their application. Finally, some recommendations are made concerning possible avenues of future research in small area estimation, and some tentative guidelines are given for choosing between alternative existing methods. | 114,853 | [
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Deciphering deinstitutionalization: complexities in policy and program analysis. | Deinstitutionalization as a public policy promised to be a major departure from previous psychiatric practice. Decrying traditional "medical paradigms" and the custodial "warehousing" of mental patients, policy makers advanced a "bold new approach" for care in the community. Progressive humanitarian reform could go hand in hand with fiscal conservatism. Community Mental Health Centers were to be the heart of a new national effort. But the rhetoric of reform failed to coalesce the activities among competing federal and state interests and systems. Intended beneficiaries may have become unfortunate victims. | 114,875 | [
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A new method for determining impulsive time constants and their application to clinical data. | We have developed an accurate, convenient method for determining unique values of vestibular time constants from impulsive tests. The method was used to determine the mean values and standard deviations of 36 normal subjects. A comparison between these normal values and data from patients with cerebellopontine (CP) angle tumors or unilateral peripheral vestibular lesions showed no significant difference in the values of the time constants. We conclude that shape-descriptive parameters such as time constants cannot differentiate between subjects and patients. | 114,925 | [
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An alternative approach to the pterygopalatine fossa by removing the mandible and immediately replacing it. | A case is presented with a child with a desmoid tumor of the pterygopalatine fossa in which approximately a third of the mandible including the condyle was removed for exposure. The trimmed mandibular segment was then returned to position with a fascia cap over the condyle and intermaxillary fixation was instituted. The graft was followed by serial roentgenogram over five years. The graft took completely, grew with the patient, and resulted in normal dental occlusion and normal mandibular excursion. | 114,936 | [
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Memory disorder in vertebrobasilar disease. | Previous workers have clearly established that the central core limbic structures of the brain are primarily concerned in the production of amnesia of the axial or mesial type. The blood supply to these structures derives primarily from the posterior cerebral circulation. This was the rationale for Benson's work on 'amnesic stroke' in patients with posterior cerebral artery occlusion. We have extended this concept to show that a similar axial amnesia, as demonstrated by a classical response on Wechsler Memory Scale testing, exists in patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Relative permanency of the amnesic syndrome was demonstrated by repeat testing at may be of assistance in the diagnosis of vertebrobasilar insufficiency. | 114,997 | [
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Chromosomal location of the genes for human immunoglobulin heavy chains. | We have studied somatic cell hybrids between P3x63Ag8 mouse myeloma cells deficient in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8) and either human peripheral lymphocytes or human lymphoblastoid or myeloma cells for the production of human immunoglobulin chains and for the expression of enzyme markers assigned to each of the different human chromosomes. Human chromosome 14 was the only human chromosome present in all independent hybrids producing mu, gamma, and alpha human heavy chains. In two of the independent hybrids that produced human heavy chains, human chromosome 14 was the only human chromosome present in the hybrid cells. Loss of human chromosome 14 from these hybrids resulted in the concomitant loss of their ability to produce human immunoglobulin heavy chains. In view of these results, we conclude that the genes for human immunoglobulin heavy chains are located on human chromosome 14 in immunoglobulin-producing human cells. | 114,999 | [
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Comparison of mRNA precursors in plasmacytomas producing closely related kappa chains. | To help elucidate the mechanisms of formation and expression of active immunoglobulin genes, we have made a systematic study of the processing patterns of the mRNAs that code for a closely related family of kappa chains. Among the members of this family, represented by the V(kappa)21 group of plasmacytomas, are examples in which six different germ-line V genes are joined to four different J segments in various combinations. The mRNA precursors were identified by hybridizing a cloned kappa-cDNA probe to poly(A)-containing nuclear RNAs that were size fractionated on methylmercury-agarose gels and transferred to diazotized paper. Based on the length of the segment excised in the last detectable processing step, which presumably represents the removal of the J-C intron, the precursor patterns were classified into four primary categories that correlated well with the type of J segment being expressed. The J segments were thus located at distances ranging from 2.4 to 4.8 kilobases from the constant-region gene. Different V genes joined to the same J segment exhibited similar precursor patterns, suggesting that the size of the translocated V segment may be relatively uniform among members of the V(kappa)21 group. A large (9.1 kilobases) component, which is likely to represent a primary transcription product, was observed in all processing categories, regardless of which J segment was being utilized. This surprising observation leads to some interesting predictions about the mechanism of V-J translocation. | 115,006 | [
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Aspirin-like drugs interfere with arachidonate metabolism by inhibition of the 12-hydroperoxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid peroxidase activity of the lipoxygenase pathway. | Aspirin, indomethacin, and sodium salicylate are anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic. Whereas aspirin and indomethacin inhibit prostaglandin synthetase (cyclo-oxygenase; 8,11,14-eicosatrienoate, hydrogen-donor: oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.14.99.1), salicylate does not. However, all three drugs affect the metabolism of arachidonate via the lipoxygenase pathway by inhibiting the conversion of 12-hydroperoxy- to 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid. | 115,007 | [
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Ethanol drinking by rhesus monkeys with concurrent access to water. | Three monkeys were provided concurrent access to water and ethanol in concentrations of either 8, 16 or 32% (w/v) during daily 3-hr sessions. The monkeys were those for whom ethanol had been established as a reinforcer in an earlier study in which only ethanol or water was available. Ethanol was preferred to water at all concentrations and volume of ethanol consumed was inversely related to ethanol concentration. Quantity of ethanol (g/kg of body wt.) consumed remained relatively constant, and blood ethanol determinations confirmed that the monkeys were drinking ethanol. Water drinking occurred at negligible levels except by one monkey at 16 and 32% who followed ethanol drinking bouts by water bouts (chasers) in a manner similar to that reported in other studies. Two monkeys were also provided concurrent access to 8% ethanol and water during 23-hr daily sessions. Under these conditions, ethanol was consumed every few hours to the near exclusion of water. The significance of this study lies largely in its procedure; that is, the development and application of a concurrent water-ethanol preparation in which ethanol serves as a reinforcer for rhesus monkeys. This preparation should be useful in the evaluation of a wide range of factors suspected to control alcoholic drinking. | 115,013 | [
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[Neuroendocrinological changes under longterm therapy with lithium salts (author's transl)]. | 15 patients with formerly endogenous recurrent depression or manic-depressive illness free of psychotic symptoms, who are under lithium prophylaxis about 3,9 years, and 16 healthy controls with approximately the same age and sex were tested with 0,1 U Insulin/kg, 200 micrograms TRH and 50 micrograms LHRH for their hGH-, TSH-, hPRL-, FSH-, LH-and Cortisol levels about 2 hours. hPRL, FSH and LH did not show any change under lithium salts. All patients under lithium showed elevated TSH-levels under basal conditions and after stimulation compared with the control groups. For the young women before menopause the difference was highly significant. Men and praemenopausal women had significantly higher hGH-levels after stimulation under lithium than the normal controls. However postmenopausal women did not show this lithium effect on their hGH levels. | 115,022 | [
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Modification of the behavioural effects of amphetamine by a GABA agonist in a primate species. | Acute administration of d-amphetamine in the marmoset results in a dose dependent increase in small head movements (checking), and an almost total suppression of purposeful activities and social interaction. It has little effect on locomotion and does not induce stereotyped gnawing. The GABA-agonist, muscimol, decreases checking, locomotion, activities and social interaction when given alone, but induces jerking movements at large doses. When administered in combination with amphetamine, muscimol induces persistent stereotyped gnawing. On the basis of the present findings and those of experiments in rodents it is suggested that compulsive gnawing results from overactivity in the striatal efferent pathway, while checking is probably mediated by extra-striatal sites. Since the behavioural effects of muscimol resemble those of the typical neuroleptics with the exception of the induction of gnawing, it is suggested that muscimol, though sedative, may counteract certain extrapyramidal effects of neuroleptic treatment while facilitating their other behavioural effects. | 115,041 | [
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An associative analysis of pretreatment effects in gustatory conditioning by amphetamine. | Various attempts have been made to account for the fact that pertreatment with some pharmacological agents reduces the ability of such agents to induce conditioned aversion to a flavor. One explanation, based on the concept of tolerance, suggests that pretreatment is effective because it renders the animal less sensitive to direct effects of a given dose of the agent. A second explanation emphasizes the possibility that procedural consequences of pretreatment interfere with associability of flavor and drug effect during conditioning. The second explanation was tested in two experiments. In experiment I nonreinforced presentations of drug administration cues completely reversed the attenuating effects of amphetamine pretreatment on gustatory conditioning by amphetamine. This finding was replicated and extended in the second experiment which was also designed to eliminate an alternative nonassociative explanation for the results. The principle of associative blocking may explain the effect of pretreatment on subsequent gustatory conditioning by drugs. | 115,042 | [
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0.12452... |
Electron-beam arc therapy using a high energy betatron. | Dose distributions in electron-beam arc therapy were investigated using the electron beam from a Brown Boveri 45 MeV betatron. This variable isocenter machine is equipped with an angular speed control device that synchronizes the radiation dose rate with the rotation speed about the isocenter. An Alderson Rando phantom was used with Kodak RP/V film to measure isodensity distributions that were then converted to isodose curves. The effects of varying field size, isocenter depth, and air gap between collimator and phantom were examined, along with changes in the dose distributions produced by wax bolus in part of the arc. | 115,060 | [
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[The effectiveness of the drugs Dovenix and Bilevon(R)-Injection against liver fascioliasis (Fasciola hepatica, Linné 1758) in cattle]. | Dovenix and Bilevon-injection (manufactured by SPECIA, France and BAYER, West Germany, respectively) were tested for their anthelmintic efficacy against Fasciola hepatica in cattle. The drugs proved highly effective against both adult and immature flukes. The faeces of the treated animals were negative for F. hepatica eggs when examined 91 days after the treatment. In experiments with rats Dovenix and Bilevon-injection were tolerated up to eight times and ten times higher doses than the normal therapeutic dose, respectively. | 115,128 | [
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[The effect of feeding rumen contents on glutamate dehydrogenase activity in some organs of broilers]. | The effect of the replacement of 50, 60 and 80% of proteins in diet by dried rumen contents on glutamate dehydrogeanse activity (EC 1.4.1.3) in the kidneys, liver, and caecum tissue and contents was studied in broilers. The liver and caecum tissue did not show any significant changes in the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) in dependence on the concentration of rumen contents in the diet. A statistically significant drop of GLDH activity was ascertained in the kidneys, the drop being the most marked at a 65% concentration of rumen contents in the diet. Similarly, a statistically significant decrease of GLDH activity, caused by rumen contents feeding in comparison with the control, was observed in caecum contents, in which the activity of GLDH was the highest. | 115,134 | [
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Complement components detected on normal red blood cells taken into EDTA and CPD. | Normal red blood cells (RBC) from fresh EDTA and CPD blood and from stored CPD blood were examined for the presence of bound subcomponents of C3 and C4. By serologic agglutination tests, only C3d was detectable on the cells. Incubation in compatible fresh normal serum (FNS) at 37 degrees C appeared to increase the amount of 3Cd on the RBC. C3b was serologically detectable only on stored CPD cells and only after incubation in compatible FNS. No. C4 components were detected on the cell surfaces in agglutination tests. Using an indirect labeling technique, small, but significant, amounts of C3d and C4d were found on all three types of untreated cells. C3b was present on stored CPD cells only. The indirect labeling technique showed a significant increase in C3d and C4d on all cells following incubation i- compatible FNS, whereas bound C3b was significantly increased only with stored CPD cells. There was no increase in bound C4b following serum incubation. The average number of C3d molecules per cell on normal EDTA cells was 557 and average Ko was 3.6 x 10(7) l/mol. | 115,154 | [
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The Duffy blood group system in Israeli Jews and Arabs. | The distribution of the Fy gene was studied in 1,207 Israeli Jews and 509 Arabs. The Fy(a--b--) phenotype (FyFy) was observed in Moslem, Christian and Druze Arabs, and in Jewish immigrants from Yemen and Iraq, but not in Sephardi or Ashkenazi Jews. The Fy gene frequencies in Arabs and Jews were compatible with historical evidence of interactions with native African and admixed regional populations. Compared with Rho (cDe) and Jsa, Fy(a--b--) is a more useful genetic marker for recognizing African admixture in Middle Eastern populations. | 115,155 | [
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Developmental-related changes in the lectin binding to cells of the central nervous system. | Developmental related changes in Concanavalin A binding to nerve tissue are reported in this paper. ConA binding sites were studied in brains of rats and chicks at different embryological stages using the ConA-Peroxidase-DAB sequence. Developmental related changes in the extent, and pattern of ConA binding sites were observed in the neuronal perikaryon. An increment in the uptake of ConA is parallel to neuronal maturation, and to the development of Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum. A great density of ConA binding sites is found in radial glial processes in rat brain at day 15 following insemination. The density of ConA binding sites in radial glial processes decreases in the following days. At day 18 ConA binding sites in these glial processes are not found. ConA binding sites in oligodendroglia and myelin coat are not found before birth. | 115,213 | [
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Detection of iodine, sulphur and phosphorus in histological thyroid sections by using electron probe microanalysis. | Electron probe microanalysis for iodine, sulphur and phosphorus was performed in histological frozen sections from thyroid tissue of 5 patients undergone thyroid surgery for benign disease. Iodine seemed to be localized in the colloid of the thyroid follicles. Phosphorus localized in areas which corresponded with the epithelium of the follicles. Sulphur showed a strong association with iodine both in localization and in relative amounts. It was suggested that iodine and sulphur reflect the presence of thyroglobulin in the colloid of thyroid follicles. | 115,215 | [
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The histochemical demonstration of guanase: observations in the human central nervous system. | 1. A method is described for the histochemical demonstration of the purine catabolizing enzyme guanase, employing glutaraldehyde fixation and Nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT). Parallel biochemical studies confirm that enzyme activity is not significantly inhibited by exposure to glutaraldehyde. 2. By this procedure guanase activity has been visualized in neurons and glial elements of the human central nervous system (CNS). 3. Controls consisted of direct incubation of cryostat sections with a specific inhibitor of guanase (5-amino-4-imidazole carboxamide) and omission successively of the substrate guanine, of xanthine oxidase and of NBT. Enzyme activity was completely inhibited by the above procedures, and by boiling of tissues for 10 min prior to fixation. 4. Levels of enzyme activity in spinal cord and brain were assessed by a subjective scoring method, and showed close comparability with biochemical assay data in brainstem and cerebral hemispheres; whereas a low correlation for enzyme activity was observed in spinal cord and cerebellum. Differences between biochemical and histochemical assessments of CNS guanase activity are discussed. | 115,216 | [
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0.02914917,
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0.2676378,
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0.4297215,
0.07797704,
0.4393347,
0.02416676,
0.... |
Cost-benefit analysis of posterior fusion of the lumbosacral spine. | In this study the cost-benefit ratio of posterior fusion of the lumbosacral spine was assessed. The calculations were based on 118 operated patients, followed up for an average of 4.8 years. Costs were calculated using the average costs of treatment at central hospitals, visits to the outpatient department and travelling. The costs for one patient exceeded on average 5,569 US dollars. The economic benefits derived from the operations were estimated by the work output of those 36 patients who postoperatively returned to their previous or a corresponding occupation. The postoperative work output was estimated using the coefficients for known causes of retirement (emigration, mortality, disability). The benefits of one lumbosacral fusion amounted on average to 16,075 US dollars. Fusion of the lumbosacral spine prove to be profitable at a cost-benefit ratio of 1 : 2.9. If the selection of patients for operation could be made so as to guarantee that working capacity is restored by operative treatment, the cost-benefit ratio might be improved to 1 : 9.5. It is emphasized that cost-benefit analyses of surgical procedures are important from the standpoint of principles of treatment and priority of operations. This study deals with economic aspects only. The medical aspects of the present material have been presented in two previous papers. | 115,220 | [
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How do kinins affect vascular tone? | Because kinins affect vascular tone, it is assumed that kinins act directly on smooth muscle. However, a direct interaction is difficult to conceive. Vessels containing smooth muscle are lined by a continuous endothelium with tight junctions. In addition, kinins act on endothelial cells to cause the release of prostaglandin-related substances; possibly through receptors. Furthermore, endothelial cells have a great capacity for hydrolyzing kinins to inactive products. Hence, even invoking active transport, less than 1% of kinins might be expected to reach the first layer of smooth muscle cells. However, kinins may not act directly on smooth muscle as endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells form specialized cell contacts. Myoendothelial junctions occur, and we have shown, in pulmonary arterioles, that smooth muscle cells send large numbers of projections into the cytoplasm of the endothelial cells. In addition, smooth muscle cells attach directly to the abluminal surface of endothelial cells, as do pericytes. Thus, there is a morphologic basis by which kinins can affect tone of smooth muscle without acting directly on smooth muscle cells. | 115,238 | [
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Relation between ulcerogenic activity of various NSAID and their potency as inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis in vivo. | A series of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and a few other agents were evaluated for their ability to: 1) reduce the acute toxicity of intravenously injected arachidonic acid (AA) in mice; 2) prevent castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice; 3) enhance the formation of gastric mucosal erosions by a water stress in rats. A correlation between the activity in the three tests has been found for most NSAID studied, and the results point to inhibition of cyclooxygenase as a common mechanism of action. | 115,259 | [
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Correlation between lymphographic grouping and anatomic and clinical stages in chronic lymphoid leukemia. | In a retrospective study of lymphograms in 55 patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia observed 42-170 months, four lymphographic groups were established according to lymph node size and morphology. In group 1, the lymph nodes were only slightly enlarged and pathologic in appearance. In group 2, the nodes were moderately enlarged and appeared reticular. In groups 3 and 4 the nodes were greatly enlarged and appeared foamy, striated, or "ghostlike" (similar to those seen in lymphoma). The correlation between the lymphographic groups and a new clinical classification (stages O-IV), which has been demonstrated to have prognostic values, was statistically significant: clinical stage O and lymphographic group 1; clinical stages III and IV and lymphographic groups 2, 3, or 4. Clinical stages 1 and II were dispersed throughout the different lymphographic groups. Although the specific prognostic value of the results of lymphography is not apparent in clinical stages O-II, it does seem to be established in stages III and IV. In these stages, the number of deaths was significantly greater in patients in lymphographic groups 3 and 4 when compared with those in lymphographic group 2. | 115,263 | [
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Pancreatic pseudocysts of the duodenum. | A pancreatic pseudocyst within the wall of the duodenum is presented. Its radiographic features were analyzed and comprehensively compared with 10 proved cases. These pseudocysts can be intramural or extrinsic severely compressive lesions. The occurrence of these pseudocysts at multiple sites throughout the gastrointestinal tract emphasizes the need to consider them in the differential diagnosis of severe extrinsic compressive or intramural lesions. | 115,268 | [
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Evaluation of 111In leukocyte whole body scanning. | Indium-111 oxine, polymorphonuclear cells isolated and labeled with 111In were used for studying absecesses and inflammatory conditions. There were 64 total scans done in 59 patients, 32 male and 27 female, aged 3-81 years (average, 51). The original clinical diagnosis was abscess in 33 patients. The whole blood cell scan was abnormal in 12 (36%) of these, and a good clinical correlation was obtained in 11 of the 12. In the 21 with a normal scan, 18 had no evidence of abscess, yielding one false-positive and three false-negative interpretations in the abscess group. Thirteen patients had fever of unknown origin, nine had negative scans and no subsequent evidence of abscess, and four had positive scans with good correlation in three. Acute bone and joint infections were positive on scan (4/4), whereas chronic osteomyelitis was negative (0/2). Three patients with acute myocardial infarction and three of four with subacute bacterial endocarditis had normal scans. All three studies in renal transplant rejection showed positive uptake in the pelvic kidneys. Indium-111 white blood cell scans have proved useful to diagnose or exclude a diagnosis of abscess or inflammatory condition infiltrated with polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | 115,272 | [
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Percutaneous ureteral stent placement for stricture management and internal urinary drainage. | Percutaneous ureteral stent placement was attempted in nine patients with 14 ureteral lesions. Eight strictures in six patients were successfully stented. Three were subsequently converted to indwelling ureteral stents. The technique is described. No significant complications occurred. The procedure should be attempted as part of percutaneous nephrostomy for benign ureteral strictures, ureteral fistulae, or when ever long term nonoperative diversion can be useful. | 115,275 | [
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Evaluation of glenoid labrum by double-contrast shoulder arthrography. | Double-contrast shoulder arthrography was used to define the normal and abnormal arthrographic anatomy of the glenoid labrum. A retrospective study of 12 patients suspected of having labral abnormalities or who had unexplained shoulder disability consistent with capsular laxity was undertaken. In four of the nine patients with abnormal arthrograms, the study revealed critical anatomic alterations not detectable on physical examination or pain radiographs. | 115,277 | [
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The mucopolysaccaridoses: clinical and biochemical correlations. | The mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are hereditary diseases that result in deformities related to connective tissues. Some types of MPS lead to progressive mental retardation. Biochemically, these syndromes are characterized by excessive accumulation and excretion of various types of glycosaminoglycans (mucopolysaccharides). These diseases result from absence of various lysosomal enzymes involved in glycosaminoglycan degradation. The definition of the defects in the MPS has led to advancing diagnosis, counseling, and the possibilities of prenatal diagnosis of this group of dieseases. | 115,315 | [
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[Anesthsiological experiences in experimental surgery]. | The paper reports experience with methods of anaesthesia in rabbits, rats, mice, guinea-pigs, pigs, sheep, baboons, dogs and cats. Special problems of handling, mode of injection and intubation are discussed. A comprehensive survey of literature provides further information about the proposed patterns of anaesthesia and informs about other anaesthetic methods, not practised by the authors. | 115,325 | [
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0.009888275... |
[Diagnosis of post-operative jaundice (author's transl)]. | The typical factors responsible for post operative jaundice are: 1) increased pigment load; 2) hypoperfusion; 3) sepsis and 4) drugs. In the patient evaluation, one should carefully review the patients chart for hypotensive episode during surgery, the drugs being administerd and the evolution of the illness which will facilitate the identification of the causal factors. Aside the aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin levels, the risk of hemolysis, of sepsis, the synthetic function of the liver and the integrity of the biliary tree must be established. Post-operative jaundices appear quite often in a context of multiple etiology. However, it is very important to know when surgery is hazardous and when it is mandatory and lifesaving. | 115,338 | [
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[The management of mediastinal infection following cardiac surgery. Role of the reanimation and of hyperalimentation (author's transl)]. | Apprehended complication of the cardiac surgery by median sternotomy, the mediastinitis leads very often to a high death rate, a long hospital-treatment, frequent and sometimes serious sequelae. Considering eleven cases, we are trying to show the interest brought by the choice of the immediate thorax-closing method, in so far as this technic is associated with a correct disinfection of the mediastin a good irrigation-drainage properly well-maintained and overseen, a reanimation technic the main purpose of which is to assure a sufficient caloric and nitrogenous supply. | 115,339 | [
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[Pharmacology of nitroglycerin (author's transl)]. | Nitroglycerin is a vasodilating agent by virtue of its actions on vascular smooth muscle fibers. It may be administered intravenously (using either 5 p. cent dextrose, or propylene-glycol solvant), sublingually, orally or by topical administration. It is rapidly metabolized, principally by liver. Its is not toxic. The vasodilatation that is produced is both arterial and venous and is dose-related in dog (1 microgram to 100 micrograms/kg/min). However, resistance and tachphylaxis may occur. Its principal use is for angor treatment, but it has been used for the treatment of arteriopathy of the lower limbs, biliar hypertony and arterial hypertension. It has been recently administered for the treatment of acute phase of myocardial infarction and during pre, per- and post-operative periods in cardiac surgery, neurosurgery and hip surgery, as myocardial protector or anti-hypertensive agent or hypotensive agent. The absence of toxicity and the rapid reversibility of its cardio-vascular effects which are similar to the effects of sodium nitroprusside are important reasons for its use in anesthesia and cardiac intensive care. | 115,340 | [
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Conductive hearing loss effects on children's language and scholastic skills. A review of the literature. | A review of available studies investigating the consequences of conductive hearing loss for language acquisition and scholastic performance was carried out. It uncovered no study that met the standards of rigor needed to provide a definitive answer to this question, although the burden of the evidence is that a persistent mild hearing loss, especially if present since infancy, probably has a measurably deleterious effect on the language of most but not all children. Diagnostic criteria documenting the severity, age of occurrence and duration of middle ear effusions were lacking. Measures of the detrimental effects of conductive losses on linguistic skills frequently were limited to the number of grades children were retained in school, their reading or vocabulary level on achievement tests, or a comparison of their scores on the verbal and performance scales of intelligence tests. Very few studies followed the acquisition of language in affected children or examined its structure. Very few considered the interaction between the socioeconomic and cultural environment of the child and the consequences of his hearing loss. The review underscored the need for prospective multidisciplinary studies in order to evaluate the actual impact of this common pediatric problem. | 115,361 | [
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Otitis media and child development. Design factors in the identification and assessment of hearing loss. | Otitis media with effusion (OME) is the major cause of auditory dysfunction in preschool and early-grade schoolchildren. At especially high risk are children with cleft palate/lip; some groups of mentally retarded children; children from underprivileged communities and children with severe or profound sensorineural hearing loss. In neonates the major concern is to identify those with severe sensorineural hearing loss but awareness of the likelihood of OME is also vital. The hearing loss associated with OME in its early stages may be as small as 10--15 dB and in consequence conventional hearing tests employing pure tones are inadequate is screening procedures. Acoustic impedance testing has proved to be a practicable, acceptable, sensitive and efficient method of identification of OME in infants and children. Impedance measurement cannot, as yet, provide accurate assessment of hearing loss, but this is probably not a serious drawback. The primary requirement is to detect OME in order that swift and effective treatment can be instituted. | 115,360 | [
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[Risks and median-term results of aortic valve replacement for calcifying aortic stenosis in 100 patients more than 70 years old]. | 100 patients with poorly tolerated calcific aortic stenosis underwent aortic valve replacement by the same surgical team (Starr-Edwards prosthesis: 52 cases, Bjäork prosthesis: 43 cases, Lillehei-Kaster prosthesis: 2 cases, and Hancock bioprosthesis: 3 cases) between July 1971 and April 1978. The hospital mortality was 17% and acute pulmonary oedema and cardiomegaly were poor preoperative prognostic factors. The late mortality was 14.5% with an average follow-up period of 25 months (range: 2 to 74 months). The survival rate expressed as an actuarial graph was 63.1 +/- 4% at 4 years. 90% of the patients operated move up at least one class in the New York Heart Association classification and 2/3 return to Stage I. The cardiothoracic ratio improved from 0.58 +/- 0.06 to 0.51 +/- 0.03 (p less than 0.02) and the Soko low-Lyon index from 40 +/- 13 to 25 +/- 6 (p less than 0.001). The main complication encountered at middle term was haemorrhage, observed in 17.5% patients. Comparison of the spontaneous outcome of the disease with the results of surgery favour surgical treatment of patients over 70 years old with poorly tolerated calcific aortic stenosis. The valve of choice should be the bioprosthesis when dependance on anticoagulant therapy and the associated risks of haemorrhage are taken into consideration. | 115,427 | [
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[Lymphangioendothelioma. A rare cause of atrioventricular block]. | A new case of lymphangio-endothelioma of the nodal tissue is reported. Complete atrioventricular block had been followed up for 20 years. The histological features are described in detail and the embryological origins of the tumour are discussed. This report underlines the exceptional character of this "smallest benign tumour which can be mortal". | 115,436 | [
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Suprathreshold retinal damage due to single 6 picosecond 1060 nm laser light pulses. | The retinas of rhesus monkeys were exposed to 6 ps laser light pulses at 1060 nm at 62 and 95 muJ. Lesions were examined by light and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Evidence of damage was seen in all retinal layers, being most severe in the photoreceptor inner and outer segments. In addition to damage mechanisms previously proposed, it is suggested that the peak power flux density achieved with extremely short pulses may lead to some absorbance by inner retinal layers. | 115,454 | [
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Oviposition site preference in Drosophila. | Comparative studies of oviposition site preference (OSP) in Drosophila suggest that choice of oviposition site is an important adaptive behavior which influences individual fitness and the potential of populations for speciation. OSP has been investigated under conditions which provided females with a choice of standard medium or medium containing ethanol for oviposition. OSP is an extremely labile behavior in the laboratory, but a technique has been developed which minimizes variation between replicates and allows the detection of OPS differences between semispecies of a single species. An analysis of the OSP of 14 Drosophila species shows that this behavior is not correlated with phylogenetic relationships. OSP with respect to ethanol may be correlated with the presence of ethanol in the environment and the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase in the species tested. | 115,458 | [
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Studies on the mechanism of hepatic microsomal N-oxide formation. N-oxidation of NN-dimethylaniline by a reconstituted rabbit liver microsomal cytochrome P-448 enzyme system. | The N-oxidation of NN-dimethylaniline was studied by using a reconstituted rabbit liver microsomal enzyme system consisting of highly purified cytochrome P-448, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and lipid factor. Both cytochrome P-448 and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase were required for optimum N-oxygenating activity; the catalytic capacity of the reductase fraction for supporting N-oxide formation varied with the isolation procedure applied. Addition of microsomal lipids to the assay media stimulated N-oxidation of the arylamine. N-Oxide formation appeared to be not generally controlled by electron transfer from cytochrome b5 to cytochrome P-448. The present work confirms that cytochrome P-448 can mediate about 44% of the rabbit liver microsomal N-oxidation of NN-dimethylaniline, thus reinforcing the existence of at least two distinct tertiary amine N-oxidases, i.e. haemoprotein and flavoprotein oxidase, in liver microsomal fractions. | 115,464 | [
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Influence of anticoagulant substances on phosphoserine and taurine of human blood. | The influence of heparine (Liquemin) and sodium-EDTA on phosphoserine and taurine of human blood was investigated. Phosphoserine which was not or nearly not present in serum increased after addition of both the anticoagulant substances. The heparine used contained phosphoserine as the only ninhydrinic substance in low concentrations. After addition of heparine phosphoserine in human plasma does not increase proportionally to that change. A mechanism is assumed which leads to the release from cells or which stimulates the synthesis of the substance. A similar effect was found with sodium-EDTA but not with sodium citrate. An opposite effect was detected with taurine in human blood. In serum the highest concentration was measured which decreased slowly under heparine as well as under sodium-EDTA addition. | 115,479 | [
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0.918529,
0.09235618,
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0.1375453,
-0.1266539,
0.3214787,
0.3853123,
-0.004667921,
-0.1983412,... |
Treatment settings in psychiatry: long-term family and social findings. | Treatment in a psychiatric unit, as distinct from a psychiatric hospital, held no benefits in the long term (5-8 years after admission) as far as the patient's mental and behavioural status and employment, or the family's burdens, health needs or attitude were concerned. Schizophrenic patients from both settings received more hospital treatment and medication, were more often unemployed, and had more adverse effect on relatives' health than neurotic or depressive patients. Hospital attendence identified relatives who expressed a need for support. | 115,534 | [
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0.1950188,
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0.4226553,
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Effect of ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate and vitamin D on bone mineralization. | Administration of large quantities of ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate to growing chicks resulted in a decrease in percent bone ash and an increase in percent osteoid. The degree of inhibition of bone mineral accumulation was a function of both duration and quantity of ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid administration. The inhibition of bone mineral accumulation could be partially corrected with administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Administration of high levels of ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate also resulted in inhibition of intestinal calcium absorption. This could be reversed or prevented by the administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. | 115,555 | [
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Depressed PHA transformation and acute leukemia in macroglobulinemia. | Two out of fifty-three patients with macroglobulinemia developed acute leukemia following chemotherapy. The Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) Transformation Index performed prior to the appearance of acute leukemia was found to be markedly depressed in these two patients in comparison with ten other patients with macroglobulinemia. In addition, a clone with monosomy 7 was detected in one of the currently reported patients when the leukemic process became apparent. The cytogenetic analysis was normal in the same patient 48 months earlier, when macroglobulinemia was diagnosed. The low PHA Transformation Index and the chromosomal hypodiploidy are of interest and their clinical significance merits further investigation. | 115,573 | [
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Deoxyribonucleoside toxicity in adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency: implications for the development of new immunosuppressive agents. | The immunodeficient state associated with adenosine deaminase (ADA) and purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) deficiency may result from the selective phosphorylation by thymus-derived lymphocytes of the ADA substrate deoxyadenosine and the PNP substrate deoxyguanosine, leading to the intracellular trapping of toxic deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. Agents such as deoxycytidine might be able to favourably modify the immunodeficient state by inhibiting deoxyribonucleoside phosphorylation. Deficiencies of other nucleotide catabolic enzymes, if selectively expressed by lymphocytes, might also lead to immunodeficiency via nucleoside trapping in lymphoid tissues. Purine deoxyribonucleoside analogues, either alone or in combination with ADA inhibitors, may have value as lymphospecific antimetabolites. | 115,660 | [
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... |
Recording small sharp spikes with depth electroencephalography. | Two patients with intractable seizures and focal temporal sharp waves also had small sharp spikes as incidental findings in their scalp electroencephalograms. Depth electroencephalography verified the intracerebral origin of the small sharp spikes and differentiated them from the more significant epileptiform abnormalities. | 115,674 | [
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0.035... |
A translocation X;Y system for detecting meiotic nondisjunction and chromosome breakage in males of Drosophila melanogaster. | A nondisjunction and chromosome breakage screening system devised by Craymer and modified in our laboratory, involves an X;Y translocation with the short arm of the Y (Ys), marked with the wild type allele of yellow, attached to the distal end of an X (break point 11D) carrying the recessive marker y; and the long arm of the Y chromosome (YL), marked with the dominant locus Bar of Stone (BS), attached to the proximal end of the X. A female tester strain carrying normal chromosomes homozygous for the yellow allele is employed in the mating scheme. Following normal disjunction in the male, all zygotes, which in this case receive aneuploid paternal sex-chromosomes and a normal euploid maternal complement, will die as a result of genetic imbalance. Thus all survivors from this corss can be classified as exceptions arising from: (1) nondisjunction in the female; (2) gross deletion of the paternal X;Y chromosome; (3) complete loss of the paternal X;Y chromosome; or (4) primary meiotic nondisjunction in the male. Results indicate the sensitivity of this scheme for the detection of events induced by x-rays and various chemicals. Positive results have been obtained with the known mutagens EMS and x-radiation. | 115,682 | [
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Apolipoprotein A-IV: a protein occurring in human mesenteric lymph chylomicrons and free in plasma. Isolation and quantification. | 1. Human mesenteric lymph chylomicrons were isolated from chylous ascites fluid by ultra-centrifugation and agarose/gel chromatography and their apoprotein composition was analysed by dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, analytical isoelectric focusing and immuno-chemically. Major components of mesenteric lymph chylomicrons were apoprotein A-I, proteins of Mr less than 15 000 including the C-group apoproteins and a protein of Mr 46 000. Minor components were apoprotein E and a protein of Mr approximately equal to 200 000 (B-like protein). This apoprotein composition was qualitatively identical with that of chylomicrons from intestinal lymph of the rat, but was distinctly different from plasma chylomicrons of humans with fasting chylomicronaemia. 2. The protein of Mr approximately equal to 46 000 has been isolated by preparative dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from human and rat lymph chylomicrons and was compared to a protein of identical Mr present in rat high-density lipoproteins (apoplipoprotein A-IV) and in the rho less than 1.006 g/ml serum lipoprotein fraction of individual humans with alimentary hypertriglyceridaemia. In both species the 46 000-Mr proteins isolated from lymph and serum were identical according to amino acid composition and isoelectric point in 6 M urea. The human proteins from both sources were also immunologically identical. The similarities in the molecular properties of the human apolipoprotein and rat apolipoprotein A-IV indicate that these proteins are homologous. 3. Plasma levels of human apolipoprotein A-IV determined by electroimmunodiffusion were 14.15 +/- 3.66 mg/100 ml (n = 59), but greater than 90% of the protein was unassociated with the major lipoprotein fractions. It is concluded, that apolipoprotein A-IV is a main protein component of human lymph chylomicrons, that is removed from the particles in the plasma compartment. | 115,688 | [
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0.1753815,
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Idiotypic cross-reactivity of human and murine phosphorylcholine-binding immunoglobulins. | The idiotypic cross-reactivity of mouse and human monoclonal immunoglobulins with binding activity for phosphorylcholine (PC) was investigated, using an idiotypic antibody elicited against the PC-binding human IgMFR. The isolated FR heavy chain proved to be a better inhibitor for the reaction of IgMFR with anti-FR than the FR light chain, but the intact protein was necessary for full idiotypic expression. PC was an inhibitor only at concentrations greater than 10(-3) M indicating that the idiotypic antibody was not combining site-directed. Among the murine PC-binding IgA myeloma proteins, MOPC 167 was found to be the best inhibitor, but its inhibitory capacity was about 4 orders of magnitude lower than that of the homologous IgMFR. McPC 603 was an even weaker inhibitor, while TEPC 15 effected no better inhibition than human monoclonal immunoglobulins without PC-binding activity. MOPC 167 has a most similar binding specificity to IgMFR as indicated by the high affinity for choline of these two proteins. TEPC 15 and McPC 603, on the other hand, exhibit a much lower affinity for choline. In addition to their similarity in specificity, proteins FR and MOPC 167 show important structural similarities within parts of their heavy and light chain variable domains. The data provide some evidence for the existence of idiotypic cross-reactivity between the two species man and mouse. | 115,695 | [
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0.05497... |
[Fistula-free method of evaluating cholagogue agents on rats]. | A new fistula-free method for standardizing and studying the choleretic activity of drugs on white rats is proposed. In rats under ether-urethane anestheia, a "biological test tube" of varied length where the bile is excreted, is created by ligation of the duodenum above and below the site of communication with the bile duct. In order to recover the patency of the digestive tract, the stomach or the proximal segment of the intestine is connected to its distal strip by a polyethylene tube. Supply of pancreatic juice to the "biological test tube" is eliminated by ligation of the pancreatic gland duct. The amount of bile (mg) excreted during a certain period of time, is established from the weight difference between the filled and bile-free dissected isolated segment of the duodenum. The choleretic activity of the drug is assessed in a similar way. The trial of the method performed on 50 rats, with the use of choleretic test-preparations (insulin and mebethisol) confirmed its sensitivty. The method proposed can be recommended for preliminary screening and dynamic study of the choleretic activity of drugs. | 115,710 | [
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The genetics of a small autosomal region of Drosophila melanogaster containing the structural gene for alcohol dehydrogenase. I. Characterization of deficiencies and mapping of ADH and visible mutations. | The position of the structural gene coding for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in Drosophila melanogaster has been shown to be within polytene chromosome bands 35B1 and 35B3, most probably within 35B2. The genetic and cytological properties of twelve deficiencies in polytene chromosome region 34--35 have been characterized, eleven of which include Adh. Also mapped cytogenetically are seven other recessive visible mutant loci. Flies heterozygous for overlapping deficiencies that include both the Adh locus and that for the outspread mutant (osp: a recessive wing phenotype) are homozygous viable and show a complete ADH negative phenotype and strong osp phenotype. These deficiencies probably include two polytene chromosome bands, 35B2 and 35B3. | 115,743 | [
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... |
Protection against group B meningococcal disease: evaluation of serotype 2 protein vaccines in a mouse bacteremia model. | A mouse bacteremia model was used to evaluate the immunogenicity and protection against challenge provided by five different meningococcal serotype 2 vaccines. Mice vaccinated with serotype 2 protein vaccines had levels of bacteremia reduced by at least 100-fold after challenge with group B serotype 2 miningococci. Mice vaccinated with serotype 2 protein vaccine and challenged with group C serotype 2 meningococci showed 10-fold or less reduction in bacteremia. Vaccines were primarily serotype specific since no increase in protection was observed after challenge with either group B serotype 4 or group C nontypable meningococci. Serotype 2 antibody levels, measured by the bactericidal assay and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 3 weeks after immunization, demonstrated a graded dose-response which correlated with protection up to 40 weeks after vaccination with a single 10- or 25-micrograms dose of serotype 2 protein vaccine. A 1-microgram booster dose of serotype 2 vaccine, given 2 weeks after primary immunization, significantly increased both bactericidal (P less than 0.01) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (P less than 0.02) titers. The data obtained from the mouse bacteremia model indicate that serotype 2 protein vaccines are stable and immunogenic, and protect mice against challenge with group B serotype 2 meningococci. | 115,794 | [
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0.4193739,
0.3360315,
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0.0296879... |
Passage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in compromised mice. | There was no appreciable increase in the virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO-1 after six passes through infections in mice. When strain PAO-1 was passed through mice compromised with iron and methotrexate, the virulence of the passed bacteria increased for normal as well as compromised mice. Bacteria harvested from intraperitoneal passage in compromised mice were more virulent than bacteria harvested from intrathoracic passage. These bacteria expressed 50% lethal dose values distinctive of the respective bacterial isolate when injected intraperitoneally, intrathoracically, or intravenously. Differences between bacteria from intraperitoneal and intrathoracic passage were apparently due to differences in the selective pressures in the two sites of infection, because the intrathoracically passed bacteria assumed the virulence characteristics of the intraperitoneally passed bacteria after intraperitoneal passage in compromised mice. | 115,795 | [
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0.0240984... |
Gamma-irradiated scrub typhus immunogens: broad-spectrum immunity with combinations of rickettsial strains. | Scrub typhus immunogens were prepared from Rickettsia tsutsugamushi strains Karp, Kato, Gilliam, Kostival, and Buie by exposing frozen infected yolk sac suspensions to 300 krad of gamma radiation. Mouse protection tests showed that each of the irradiated immunogens protected C3H/HeDub mice against high challenge levels of Karp and Gilliam, but that none of these single-strain immunogens were capable of protecting against all five of the challenge strains. Broad-spectrum protection was achieved by using combinations of three strains of irradiated rickettsiae in a vaccination regimen of three injections at 5-day intervals. A comparison of vaccination efficacy employing three such combinations (Karp-Gilliam-Kato, Karp-Kostival-Kato, and Buie-Kostival-Kato) indicated that both sequential administration of strains on successive vaccination days and multiple injections of trivalent mixtures produced protective responses superior to those obtained with single-strain immunogens. Trivalent mixtures of rickettsiae exhibited a striking synergistic effect on the immune response of C3H/HeDub mice and elicited a protective response against Kato challenge that could not be obtained with any single-strain immunogen. Mice vaccinated with the trivalent Karp-Gilliam-Kato immunogen resisted challenge with more than 10(3) 50% mouse lethal doses of Karp and Gilliam for 12 months, and were resistant to similar levels of challenge with Kato and Buie for 6 months. | 115,796 | [
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Developmental induction of Myxococcus xanthus myxospores. | Myxospore differentiation during the developmental cycle of Myxococcus xanthus is characterized by several distinguishable morphological stages. Two experimentally useful criteria of myxospore induction are the conversion of vegetative rods to optically refractile short rods or ovoids and the development of resistance to sonic lysis. The use of optical refractility as the first morphological criterion of myxospore induction has facilitated an analysis of induction on developmental plates. The time-dependent changes in the cell population from vegetative rods to the final products of development, autolysed cells and myxospores, were determined in liquid suspension by interrupting cells from developmental plates before the first appearance of myxospores. The treatment of cells involved a two-step induction system. The cells were first aerated in buffer at 32 degrees C (preinduction) and then aerated in 1% tryptone (Difco) at 32 degrees C (induction). At early plate times (0 to 18 h) there was little or no response to these treatments. After 18 h, many of the cells undergoing development on plates responded to preinduction in buffer by subsequent induction to myxospores in tryptone medium (intermediate cells). After 32 h, cells induced to myxospores in tryptone medium and did not require preinduction (competent cells). After 36 h, cells begin to undergo differentiation to myxospores on plates. These results indicate that there was a sequence of physiological changes in developing cells that are defined by the differential response of cells to treatment in liquid suspension. The liquid induction system described here provides a means to analyze the regulation of developmental myxospore induction. | 115,838 | [
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0.1565769,
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0.09217738,
0.5831593,
0.1245107,
-0.1425376... |
Transfer ribonucleic acid synthesis during sporulation and spore outgrowth in Bacillus subtilis studied by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. | The synthesis of transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) was examined during spore formation and spore outgrowth in Bacillus subtilis by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of in vivo 32P-labeled RNA. The two-dimensional gel system separated the B. subtilis tRNA's into 32 well-resolved spots, with the relative abundances ranging from 0.9 to 17% of the total. There were several spots (five to six) resolved which were not quantitated due to their low abundance. All of the tRNA species resolved by this gel system were synthesized at every stage examined, including vegetative growth, different stages of sporulation, and different stages of outgrowth. Quantitation of the separated tRNA's showed that in general the tRNA species were present in approximately the same relative abundances at the different developmental periods. tRNA turnover and compartmentation occurring during sporulation were examined by labeling during vegetative growth followed by the addition of excess phosphate to block further 32P incorporation. The two-dimensional gels of these samples showed the same tRNA's seen during vegetative growth, and they were in approximately the same relative abundances, indicating minimal differences in the rates of turnover of individual tRNA's. Vegetatively labeled samples, chased with excess phosphate into mature spores, also showed all of the tRNA species seen during vegetative growth, but an additional five to six minor spots were also observed. These are hypothesized to arise from the loss of 3'-terminal residues from preexisting tRNA's. | 115,846 | [
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Organization of transfer and ribosomal ribonucleic acid genes in Bacillus subtilis. | The structural relationship between the transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) and the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes of Bacillus subtilis has been studied by restriction endonuclease analysis of total chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and characterization of DNA fragments cloned in Escherichia coli. The DNA sequences encoding rRNA and tRNA were assayed by hybridization to radioactive RNA. The results support the conclusion that the tRNA genes are interspersed between and closely linked to the rRNA genes of B. subtilis. They probably do not appear between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes as in E. coli. | 115,849 | [
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Methods for sequencing oligoribonucleotides and RNA by high performance liquid chromatography. | Conditions were established for the separation and quantitative determination of ribonucleosides, mono- and oligo-ribonucleotides by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on columns of AS-Pellionex SAX and AL-Pellionex WAX. By combining a high-speed UV spectrum monitor with an HPLC apparatus, products of RNase digestions of oligonucleotides and 5S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) were identified by measuring their UV spectra under continuous solvent flow, and also from their retention times on the columns (positions of elution). It took only 10 to 30 min for one chromatography run and required less than 0.01 A260 unit of sample per nucleotide material in each peak. | 115,851 | [
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0.... |
The complete amino acid sequence of the beta-subunit of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. | The complete amono aicd sequence of the beta-subunit of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase is presented. The beta-subunit contained 237 amino acid residues, 4 of which were methionines. Accordingly, cyanogen bromide cleavage of the S-carboxymethylated beta-subunit produced five peptides. The sequences of these peptides were determined by analyses of the peptides obtained by tryptic, staphyloccal protease and thermolysin digestions. The alignment of the cyanogen bromide peptides was deduced by the use of overlapping peptides containing methionine which were obtained by tryptic digestion of the S-carboxymethylated beta-subunit. The calculated molecular weight was 26,588, which is close to the value estimated by acrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. | 115,853 | [
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-0.1580425,
0.029... |
The primer tRNA for Moloney murine leukemia virus DNA synthesis. Nucleotide sequence and aminoacylation of tRNAPro. | The nucleotide sequence of a tRNA primer molecule for initiation of Moloney murine leukemia virus DNA synthesis has been determined. The sequence is heterogeneous in two positions but both forms, when drawn in a cloverleaf structure, have anticodon specificities for proline. We have termed these isoacceptors tRNA1Pro and tRNA2Pro. Aminoacylation studies confirmed the specificity for proline. The two forms occur in approximately equal amounts in uninfected mouse and chicken cells and in Moloney leukemia virus particles. | 115,865 | [
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Characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in relation to laboratory-induced resistance to gentamicin. | Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain C2 was habituated to gentamicin by serial passage in broth containing increasing concentrations of the antibiotic and up to 250 microgram/ml. The resistant progenies differed from the parent strain in antibiotic susceptibility to two other aminoglycosides, colonial morphology, lytic phage patterns, phage adsorption, and agglutination with the seven Fisher's antisera. All the progenies failed to grow at 42 degrees C and oxidised glucose in O/F tubes after incubation at 37 degrees C for three days but were catalase- and oxidase-positive. Reversion to the original properties of the parent strain was demonstrated in all cases after 10 serial subcultures in antibiotic-free broth. | 115,904 | [
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Commissural projections of the cortical hand motor area in monkeys. | The topographical organization of the contralateral cortical projections of the motor hand area was studied with autoradiographic methods in 11 macaque monkeys. Two general observations were noted in the material studied. (1) The commissural cortico-cortical connections of the motor hand area were directed to the contralateral precentral gyrus. The projections were preferentially directed to both homotopic and non-homotopic areas. (2) Focally labeled areas of motor cortex (diameter 900 micrometers) gave rise to individual terminal columns of label (diameter 600-900 micrometers). Larger areas of labeled motor cortex, (3,000 micrometers in diameter) gave rise to contralateral terminal bands of label. These bands (600-1,000 micrometers in width) were oriented in an antero-posterior direction and appeared to be formed by a sequence of adjacent labeled columns. | 115,906 | [
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Macrophages in resistance to rickettsial infection: macrophage activation in vitro for killing of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi. | Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, strain Gilliam, replicates in cultures of resident peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice. Macrophage cultures treated with culture supernatants of spleen cells from rickettsial-infected mice stimulated with heat-killed rickettsiae markedly suppressed macrophage infection by rickettsiae. Rickettsiacidal activity of activated macrophages was dependent upon both lymphokine concentration and time of incubation in lymphokines. Treatment of macrophage cultures with lymphokines before exposure to viable rickettsiae resulted in an immediate decrease in percent macrophages infected and numbers of viable intracellular rickettsiae. In these cultures, enhanced intracellular killing was also apparent with further incubation (24 hr). The immediate effect of lymphokine-pretreated macrophages was dissociated from intracellular killing by infecting macrophage cultures first and adding lymphokines after infection. In these cultures, both percent macrophages infected and titers of viable intracellular rickettsiae were dramatically reduced as well. | 115,917 | [
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Immunohistological staining of antigens on semithin sections of specimens embedded in plastic (GMA-Quetol 523). | Glycol methacrylate-Quetol 523, introduced by Kushida (1977) for combined light and electronmicroscopy studies at low magnification, also permits application of immunofluorescence methods to semithin sections. To recover the antigenicity of proteins fixed with formaldehyde, abrupt dehydration before embedding and subsequent treatment of the semithin sections with protease were essential. Post-staining with suitable histological stains allows exact correlation of antigen localization with tissue structure. | 115,925 | [
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Protein synthesis in Bunyamwera virus-infected cells. | In Vero cells infected with Bunyamwera virus there is a rapid inhibition of cell RNA and protein synthesis to levels of 30 and 3% respectively of the control rate, both the rate of inhibition and the time lag before its initiation being multiplicity dependent. Using u.v.-irradiated virus, investigation of the mechanism of inhibition of host cell protein synthesis indicates that synthesis of new virus components is required for inhibition to occur. Quantitative comparison of the proteins synthesized in infected cells shows that at higher m.o.i. synthesis of virus, as well as cellular proteins, is inhibited. Bunyamwera virus-infected Vero cells synthesized three virus-specific proteins identified as the structural virion proteins. Nucleoprotein is synthesized predominantly early in infection while the major envelope glycoprotein and the minor glycoprotein are synthesized predominantly late in the infection cycle. | 115,963 | [
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... |
Luxotonic responses of units in macaque striate cortex. | 1. Single units in striate cortex were studied in alert macaques while they viewed a ganzfeld. Of the 385 well-isolated units studied for 10 min to 2 h, 24% gave "luxotonic" responses, i.e., their rate of discharge for 1 min or more in diffuse, featureless, wideangle illumination (20-450 cd/m2) was at least double that during a comparable period in darkness, or vice versa, and not attributable to eye movements of blinking. Those discharging faster in the light, "photergic" units, outnumber those responding to darkness, "scotergic" units 1 by 4:1. 2. In the lateral geniculate nucleus, on the other hand, among 46 units studied, 28% were luxotonic, but scotergic units were the more common. Both types were present in both magno- and parvocellular laminae. 3. For striate cortex two-thirds of the luxotonic units were binocular. Some showed highly similar response for either eye alone, and essentially no summation binocularly; others had grossly differing responses from each eye, and complex binocular interaction. 4. Many units of all types at striate cortex showed significant modulation of their activity consequent to saccadic eye movements made in darkness, whereas comparable modulation was not observed at the lateral geniculate nucleus. 5. On the basis of these and other findings it is concluded that luxotonic cortical activity is prominent probably only in alert primates, and that this is a consequence of the fact that all retinal ganglion cells in primates synapse in the lateral geniculate nucleus (Ref. 9). Possible functions range from mere trophic input to providing a veridical image or a scaling factor for maintenance of perceptual constancy in the face of varying levels of general illumination. | 115,968 | [
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... |
The effect on bone repair of aspirin cones placed in extraction sockets in dogs: a histopathologic study. | Four canines of eight 2-year-old dogs were extracted surgically, a mucoperiosteal flap being raised. A standardized pair of the post-extraction cavities were filled with three aspirin cones, the other pair being used as controls. The flaps were sutured with surgical gut. The dogs were killed at intervals of 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks; bone blocks including the cavities were resected and decalcified for histologic examination; serial sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosisin. Microscopic observation on 2 week samples showed an inflammatory response with granulation tissue in both experimental and control cavities with delayed bone apposition in cavities filled with aspirin cones. The 4, 6 and 8 week samples did not show any major difference between the experimental and control cavities. We observed a decrease in infiltrating of cells followed in both by a similarly increasing amount of fibrous tissue and bone remodeling. These results were due perhaps to the details of the experimental method as the suture allowed aspirin to stay in the cavities for only a short time (2--3 days), as occurs in clinical practice. | 115,978 | [
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... |
An X-ray cephalometric analysis of premaxillary growth in operated and unoperated baboons (Papio cynocephalus). | Rates of growth of the premaxilla in baboons, which have undergone removal of the nasal septum, and unoperated controls are compared using X-ray cephalometric analysis and direct measures. It is found that our X-ray analysis without the use of metallic implants is not sensitive enough to detect changes of growth rate which are detectable through direct measurement. | 116,005 | [
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Deranged isoleucine metabolism during ketotic attacks in patients with methylmalonic acidaemia. | Two patients with methylmalonic acidaemia due to methylmalonyl-CoA mutase deficiency were studied for several years. Both exhibited at least two attacks of severe ketoacidosis, during which they excreted, in addition to methylmalonic acid, a number of abnormal compounds: 3-hydroxypropionic acid, 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyric, 3-hydroxy-n-valeric acid, 3-oxo-n-valeric acid, 2-methyl-3-oxobutyric acid, citraconic acid and N-tiglyglycine. These compounds represent partly intermediary metabolites from the isoleucine degradation pathway and partly secondary metabolites of propionyl-CoA and tiglyl-CoA. | 116,077 | [
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Paranasal sinus aspergillosis. | Four cases of aspergillosis of the paranasal sinuses seen recently at the North Carolina Baptist Hospital are reported. Paranasal sinus aspergillosis is prone to develop in patients living in the southeastern states because those states 1. have an agricultural economy and 2. have a hot, humid climate that causes a high incidence of nasal and sinus disorders. The increasing use of immunosuppressive and oncological drugs should further increase the incidence of aspergillosis. Diagnosis of aspergillosis of the paranasal sinuses requires a high index of suspicion which should be present particularly for a patient who has unilateral sinusitis that does not respond to routine therapy, or who has a localized sinus mass or bony erosion. Immunodiffusion tests are specific for aspergillosis. Treatment consists of surgical removal of the diseased mucosa and adequate aeration and drainage of the sinus. Culture of the specimen on Sabouraud's agar will confirm the diagnosis. | 116,100 | [
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Primary Ewing's sarcoma of the sternum: a case report. | A 12 1/2-year-old female presented with Ewing's sarcoma of the manubrium sterni which extended into the anterior mediastinum. At presentation there was no evidence of metastatic disease. Her initial treatment consisted of radiation therapy and chemotherapy. The residual tumor was subsequently resected and the sternal defect was repaired with Marlex mesh. Postoperatively, she was maintained on chemotherapy consisting of BCNU, cyclophosphamide, and adriamycin. The adriamycin was discontinued after she developed sterile fibrinous pericarditis. She remains free of her disease two years after diagnosis. Although extremely rare, Ewing's does occur in the sternum and this area is amenable to wide local resection without severe functional disability. | 116,117 | [
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... |
Inhibitory effect of cystic fibrosis serum on pseudomonas phagocytosis by rabbit and human alveolar macrophages. | This report presents experimental observations indicating the presence of an inhibitory activity in cystic fibrosis (CF) serum which impairs phagocytosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by rabbit as well as human alveolar macrophages. Of the 49 patient serum samples studied, 40 consistently showed greater than or equal to 60% inhibition, 3 showed no inhibition and 6 were in the range of 20-60% inhibition of Pseudomonas phagocytosis. In parallel studies, the phagocytosis of S. aureus and S. marcescens was found not to be inhibited by CF serum. Mixing of CF serum with normal serum could not overcome the inhibitory effect, indicating the presence of an inhibitory factor rather than the lack of a necessary component. The inhibitory activity is not lost upon exposure of serum to glass, upon freezing the serum once, or upon heating at 56 degrees C for 30 minutes. | 116,188 | [
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Cloned pairs of variable region genes for immunoglobulin heavy chains isolated from a clone library of the entire mouse genome. | To investigate the organization of immunoglobulin genes, we have constructed a clone library containing 10(6) randomly generated fragments of mouse embryo DNA, corresponding to eight equivalents of the genome. The cloning method involved methylation of embryo DNA at EcoRI recognition sites, partial digestion by EcoRI* endonclease activity, and direct ligation of the resulting large fragments to the lambda phage vector Charon 4A. The library was searched for sequences homologous to a cloned complementary DNA copy of a mu heavy chain mRNA. Nine clones bearing variable heavy chain (VH) sequences were isolated, representing at least eight distinct VH genes. Thus, multiple related VH genes are available in the genome to contribute to immunoglobulin diversity. Each of the two clones carries a pair of VH genes, one pair separated by 15 +/- 1 kilobase pairs of mouse DNA and the other by 14 +/- 2 kilobase pairs. This indicates that related VH genes are clustered and may occur in a tandem array having a repeating unit of 14--16 kilobase pairs. The large spacer sequences between VH genes cannot, however, be highly conserved. | 116,236 | [
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Effects of an enkephalin analog on complex learning in the rhesus monkey. | Facilitation of the learning of a discrimination reversal task for a reward of food was found in rhesus monkeys after subcutaneous administration of a potent pentafluorinated enkephalin analog. (D-Ala2)-F5-Phe4-enkephalin-NH2. General activity, short-term memory, startle, and analgesia, however, were not significantly affected. In a within-subject design, each of 6 monkeys (3 males and 3 females) received each of 5 doses of the enkephalin analog (0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1,000 microgram/kg). One daily injection was made for 7 consecutive days, including pre- and posttests on the first and last days with the diluent control. The enkephalin doses, with the exception of the 0.1 microgram/kg level, produced significantly faster learning than the diluent. Some sex differences were suggested by the data, but these effects are difficult to interpret. The results suggest that relatively small amounts of this analog given systematically can exert a reliable effect on a complex behavior such as reversal learning at doses devoid of opiate effects, due perhaps to enhanced cognitive flexibility rather than improvement in short-term memory or association formation. | 116,247 | [
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Effects of d-amphetamine, maprotiline, L-dopa, and haloperidol on the components of the predatory behavior of the ferret, Putorius furo L. | Ferret predation on rats was examined in an arena. One hour before the test one of the following drugs was administered. d-Amphetamine (0.8 and 1.4 mg/kg IM), MAPROTILINE (10 AND 40 Mg/kg orally), L-dopa (30 and 60 mg/kg orally), or haloperidol (0.14 and 0.6 mg/kg IM). Provided that capture was successful, the sequence of the behavioral components was not changed by these drugs. With the exceptions of paw movements and rolling over, which were not affected by the drugs, the components of predatory behavior were influenced differently. This leads to the assumption that a drug affects different mechanisms which control behavior. It is assumed that dopamine is involved in the control of capture elicitation as well as in the control of pursuit and biting. Capture elicitation was inhibited by d-amphetamine and L-dopa, but not by maprotiline, and was even facilitated by haloperidol. The orientation of pursuit movements and biting was impaired by L-dopa and improved by haloperidol, whereas maprotiline did not influence these components. | 116,280 | [
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Neonatal death in babies with rhesus isoimmunization. | In the 27 years, 1951--1977, 4315 babies weighing over 1 kg were born alive in Newcastle suffering from haemolytic disease of the newborn due to Rhesus isoimmunization; 197 (4.5 per cent) died within four weeks of delivery. Many babies with severe anaemia (cord Hb less than or equal to 8 g/dl) died of cerebral and/or pulmonary haemorrhage as a result of coagulation failure; others with hydrops had a chance of recovery with intensive care as long as there was no associated pulmonary hypoplasia. Hyaline membrane disease was no more common in babies with haemolytic disease than in other preterm babies of comparable birthweight, but incorrect assessment of gestational age prior to the induction of labour increased the risk of death from hyaline membrane disease. The introduction of closed chest cardiac massage virtually eliminated the risk of sudden unexpected death during exchange transfusion but there was still a 1.5 per cent chance of sudden circulatory collapse during exchange transfusion. Affected babies of less than 36 weeks gestation with respiratory problems face a substantial risk of kernicterus when the indirect serum bilirubin level exceeds 270 mumol/l (15 mg/100 ml). The establishment of a single referral centre for Rhesus isoimmunization reduced neonatal mortality in the area to half the national average in the early 1950's and this superiority was maintained throughout the next decade. | 116,300 | [
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Pre-clinical studies of the negative pi-meson beam at TRIUMF. | The pi- flux from the biomedical channel at TRIUMF increases with increasing channel momentum, while the contaminating electron flux decreases. Since the electrons appear to result from conversion of the high energy gamma-rays produced by pi0 decay in the production target, the electron contamination can be reduced further by target configurations which minimize gamma conversion. The attenuation of pi- beams by in-flight interactions was found to decrease from an initial value of 1.67 +/- 0.02% per g/cm2 at zero depth to 1.48 +/- 0.02% per g/cm2 near the stopping peak. The inactivation of cultured CHO cells by an extended-peak pi- dose distribution has been measured using the gel technique. The survival data have been fitted by a model which characterizes the physical quality of the dose profile by means of measured star densities. This model provides a convenient method of analysis for large sets of survival data and may be useful for prediction of the biological effect of new pi- dose distributions. The RBE value for 50% survival measured at the centre of a 7 cm extended peak was found to be approximately 1.4, in reasonable agreement with recent values obtained at LAMPF and SIN. | 116,303 | [
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The value of B-scan ultrasound following intrauterine fetal transfusion. | B-scan ultrasound performed in 6 patients for a total of 15 intrauterine fetal transfusions provided quick, easy, and reliable confirmation of the fetal intra-abdominal placement of transfused blood. | 116,315 | [
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0.1201373,
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0.4228406,
0.2132809,
0.01180306,
0... |
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