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Prevalence of Dictyocaulus viviparus infection in Rocky Mountain elk in Teton County, Wyoming. | Dictyocaulus viviparus infections in Rocky Mountain elk (Cervus canadensis of Teton Countywere surveyed by fecal analyses during spring, summer and winter and by fecal analyses and necropsies during fall hunting seasons, 1968-1973. Prevalance of the lungworms was relatively high: 32-70% during the spring; slightly lower, 30-47%, during the summer; 21-39% in the fall; and declined to the annual low of 8-19% during the winter. Conversely, elk summering on Big Game Ridge showed an increase in prevalance of D. viviparus from 1969 to 1973. Decreases in prevalance of lungworms were noted on the National Elk Refuge at Jackson after management changes were effected in 1971. | 123,012 | [
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Blood flow velocity in the carotid artery as a measure of myocardial contractility. | An attempt was made to derive a useful noninvasive index to evalute a change in myocardial contractile state using transcutaneous Doppler flow-velocity curve from the carotid artery. In 5 mongrel dogs and in 43 patients with various heart disease, Doppler flow velocity curves were obtained from the ascending aorta intravascularly using a Doppler catheter and/or from carotid artery transcutaneously using a Doppler probe. The first derivative of left ventricular pressure (dp/dt) and electrocardiogram (ECG) were recorded simultaneously. The following 3 indices were measured from the Doppler flow-velocity curves: (1) macimum acceleration of blood flow (dv/dt), (2) time from onset of ejection to peak flow (time-to-peak), (3) time interval between the beginning of Q wave of ECG to the peak of Doppler flow velocity curve (ECG Q-Doppler peak). Among these 3 indices, only ECG Q-Doppler peak demonstrated a significant correlation between the values measured intravascularly and transcutaneously. Also, only ECG Q-Doppler peak showed significant correlation with maximum of dp/dt (max dp/dt). Since ECG Q-Doppler peak showed correlation with heart rate, the difference between observed and predicted ECG Q-Doppler peak (delta ECG Q-Doppler peak) was calculated to exclude the effect of heart rate. Predicted value of ECG Q-Doppler peak was calculated from the regression equation between heart rate and ECG Q-Doppler peak in the separate experiments. There was significant correlation between delta ECG Q-Doppler peak and max dp/dt. In 15 patients with coronary artery disease and in 16 healthy subjects, delta ECG Q-Doppler peak and the other noninvasive method (systolic time intervals) were measured. Delta ECG Q-Doppler peak showed better result in the separation of 2 groups than by systolic timeintervals. It was concluded that delta ECG Q-Doppler peak is a useful index to evaluate the myocardial contractile state since this index is readily obtained noninvasively. | 123,016 | [
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Hereditary carnitine deficiency of muscle. | An eight-year-old boy with slowly progressive muscle weakness was found to have Oil red O positive vacuoles in predominanty type i muscle fibers. Subsequent studies demonstrated markedly reduced skeletal muscle carnitine (0.24 mumoles per gram; normal 1.64 to 3.34). Serum carnitine was normal. Although both parents were clinically normal, muscle carnitine levels were low in both (mother 0.60; father 0.90 mumoles). There was no clinical evidence of cardiac disease but the patient had ventricular hypertrophy by electrocardiography, vectorcardiography, and echocardiography. Treatment with prednisone resulted in clinical improvement but no change in muscle histology. Our studies suggest that the carnitine deficiency of muscle in this case may be due to impaired carnitine entry into muscle and that this form of disease can be inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder. | 123,043 | [
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Persisting changes in sensory and motor activity of a muscle following its reflex activation. | A study was made to see if contractions induced by reflex action were followed by an elevation in muscle afferent activity comparable to the post-contraction sensory discharge (PCSD) that occurs after stimulation of the ventral roots. In lightly anesthetized cats, extension reflexes of the triceps surae muscle in the otherwise denervated leg were induced by contralateral stimulation of the popliteal nerve or footpad. The reflex response was followed by an elevated afferent discharge, which disappeared after a brief stretch, as is characteristic also of the PCSD. Crossed-extension responses in fusimotor activity unaccompanied by contraction of the gross muscle were also succeeded by an elevation in sensory discharge and an increased sensitivity to a vibratory stimulus applied to the tendon. Pinna reflexes had a similar effect. In the presence of the elevated discharge, alpha-motoneurons demonstrated increased sensitivity to vibration stimuli. It is suggested that the increase in spindle sensitivity may help stabilize the muscle against minor pertubations in length, at least when background fusimotor activity is relatively quiet. | 123,059 | [
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Continuous positive airway pressure breathing (CPAP). Apparatus for use in neonates or adults. | CPAP is a technique of respiratory care which was originally described in the management of the respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn and later in the post operative management of the cardiac infant following surgery. It has potential value in the respiratory management of older children and adults. Apparatus is described suitable for the application of continuous airway pressure during spontaneous ventilation via endotracheal tube in either neonates or adults. The inspired oxygen content is adjustable and the fresh gas warmed and humidified. High and low pressure alarms are not considered necessary. A head-harness is described for the application of CPAP in neonates via twin nasal or nasopharyngeal tubes. This equipment may be obtained from Messrs. Lusterlite Products Limited, 56 Devon Road, Leeds 2. | 123,128 | [
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Influence of antibody-mediated immune suppression on clinical, viral, and immune responses to swine influenza infection. | Antibody-mediated immune suppression occurred when newborn pigs with naturally acquired passive antibody were exposed to seine influenza virus. Frequency and relative ease of recovery of virus from nasal secretions were inversely related to the concentration of specific passive antibody existing at time of exposure. Severe overt respiratory signs during the acute stages of the disease were observed only in pigs with low passive antibody concentrations. The concentration of passive antibody at the time of exposure determined the immune status of the pig during the convalescent stage of disease. Infection could occur in the presence of high passive antibody concentrations, but the pig was not immunologically stimulated. Reexposure after the decay of passive antibody produced primary immune respone, severe clinical reinfection, and recovery of virus from nasal secretions for a period of time similar to that seen in pigs having their first exposure. Infection of newborn pigs with low passive antibody concentrations led to immunologic priming. A second exposure to virus produced a secondary immune response, mild clinical disease, and shortened time during which virus was recovered from nasal secretions. The relevance of these studies for the practice of vaccination or infections of the dam before parturition so that the neonate will have specific passive immunity is discussed. | 123,140 | [
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Glycolytic enzymes in resting spores and vegetative mycelia of Entomophthora pyriformis. | Specific activities of 14 enzymes of the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas and pentose phosphate pathways were determined in extracts of resting spores and vegetative mycelia of Entomophthora pyriformis. All these enzymes were detected in mycelial extracts, whereas only nine were detectable in resting spore extracts. Activities of detectable spore enzymes were much lower than those of the corresponding mycelial enzymes with the exception of triosephosphate dehydrogenase, which had higher activity in spore extracts. The enzyme deficiencies noted point to the inability of either pathway to function in dormant spores. | 123,167 | [
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Precursors of sudden coronary death. Factors related to the incidence of sudden death. | Precursors of sudden death were sought in men--1838 civil servants in Albany, New York, and 2282 residents of Framingham, Massachusetts--under continuous surveillance for 16 years. In men 45-74 years old there were 234 deaths attributed to coronary heart disease (CHD) of which 109 occurred within one hour of onset of symptoms. More than half of all deaths due to CHD occurred outside the hospital and about 80 per cent of these were sudden. Most were unheralded by prior symptoms of CHD. Persons at high risk of death from CHD, including sudden death, can be identified long before the terminal unexpected catastrophe. The same precursive stigmata exist in persons subject ot coronary attacks whether or not immediately fatal. The risk of sudden death in these two populations was positively correlated with high blood pressure, the electrocardiographic pattern of left ventricular enlargement, obesity, and heavy cigarette usage. Sudden death is a common and possibly incidental expression of lethal coronary heart disease. The potential candidate for sudden death cannot be confidently distinguished from the individual who succumbs more slowly of myocardial infarction. The inescapable conclusion is that the prevention of sudden death requires the prevention of coronary attacks. | 123,182 | [
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Experimental hyperosmolar diabetic syndrome. Ketogenic response to medium-chain triglycerides. | The clinical features of the experimental hyperosmolar diabetic (EHD) rat model resemble those seen in the human syndrome--extreme hyperglycemia without ketoacidosis is common to both. The absence of ketoacidosis in the syndrome has been ascribed to both substrate (free fatty acid) deficiency and to interference with hepatic ketone body synthesis. The potential for hepatic ketone body synthesis in the experimental model has been directly assessed by challenging the EHD animals with medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) administered intragastrically. This neutral lipid, largely consisting of C8 and C10 fatty acids, leads to a dose- and thime-related increase in the plasma concentration of acetoacetate and beta-hydroxybutyrate. The EHD rats respond to MCT with an increase in plasma ketone bodies that rises to levels that are twice as high as those observed in normal rats receiving MCT and are equivalent to the levels seen in untreated ketoacidotic animals. These data indicate that hepatic medium-chain fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis are unimparied in the EHD animal. An analysis of the factors responsible for the greater ketogenic response in the EHD rat reveals that moderate diabetes and dehydration enhance MCT-induced ketone body accumulation, while cortisol is without effect. The plasma free fatty acid concentration in EHD animals does not differ from normal rats, but is significantly lower than that seen in diabetic ketoacidosis. These data support the concept that a principal reason for the absence of ketoacidosis in the EHD syndrome is the limitation in availiability of substrate, free fatty acids, for ketone body synthesis. | 123,210 | [
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Changes in the glutathione thiol-disulfide status of Neurospora crassa conidia during germination and aging. | Improved methods were developed for the determination of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and protein-glutathione disulfide (PSSG) and applied to determine the glutathione status at various stages of the asexual life cycle for the band strain of Neurospora crassa. The GSH-GSSG ratio in freshly harvested dry conidia was found to be about 150 but decreased to around 6 when dryconidia were aged (stored) for 10 days after harvest. When conidia were germinated, this ratio increased to about 300 during the first 10 min of the 6-h germination process. In mycelia, during log-phase growth, the ratio was about 10-3. Changes in the ratio occurred primarily through changes in the GSSG content, which ranges from about 0.023 (mycelia) to 2(10-day aged conidia) mumol per g (dry weight) of residue, whereas GSH levels varied by a factor of about two. The PSSG content varied from 0.02 (mycelia) to 0.6 (10-day aged conidia) mumol per g (dry weight) of residue and generally paralleled the GSSG content. The results demonstrate the potential importance of thiol-disulfide reactions as a mechanism for the control of physiological properties associated with dormancy, and the observed changes in GSSG level are found to be compatible with the view that GSSG plays a role in the regulation of protein synthesis through control of polysome formation. | 123,243 | [
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Percutaneous absorption on the relevance of in vitro data. | The use of in vitro preparations of human skin to study percutaneous absorption is widespread. Yet, up to the present time, little has been done to systematically validate this model and demonstrate the extent to which it mimicks in vivo absorption. In this study, the permeability of 12 organic compounds has been evaluated in excised skin and the results compared to those obtained previously by others in living man. With special emphasis being given here to duplicating in vivo conditions, it was possible to demonstrate an excellent qualitative agreement between the two methods. In all cases, the absorption pattern determined in vitro rather precisely paralleled the pattern which was obtained in vivo. Quantitative agreement between the two sets of data was less than perfect, although the in vitro method adequately distinguished compounds of low permeability from those of high permeability and ranked then in approximately the same order found in vivo. This systematic comparison of in vitro with in vivo data was clearly shown how accurately in vitro absorption studies can reflect the living state. | 123,263 | [
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Transfection of Escherichia coli spheroplasts. V. Activity of recBC nuclease in rec+ and rec minus spheroplasts measured with different forms of bacteriophage DNA. | The in vivo activity of the recBC nuclease was assayed by transfection of isogenic rec+ and rec minus spheroplasts with bacteriophage DNA of various origin and structure. The results indicate that the recBC nuclease can limit transfection at several stages during the production of an infective center; such limitations depend primarily on whether the DNA is in, or assumes, a nuclease-sensitive structure. The first stage of limitation can occur when a nuclease-sensitive transfecting molecule enters the spheroplast. Other potential limitation points occur during replication and maturation of the bacteriophage DNA. The initial stage can be bypassed by using recBC nuclease-resistant molecules such as circular forms. Through analysis of results with other DNA structures, we found that in vivo the effects of the double-strand exonucleolytic activity of the recBC nuclease predominated. The effects of the single-strand nuclease activities seem to be modified from those observed for the purified enzyme in vitro (Karu et al., 1974). Inside the cell, the single-strand exonuclease activity is very weak and the single-strand endonuclease activity is abolished almost completely. | 123,277 | [
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Non-uniform myocardial blood flow caused by stellate ganglion stimulation. | The blood flow through the anterior wall of the left ventricle has been studied during electrical stimulation of the left stellate ganglion of anesthetized dogs. The flow was continuously monitored by heated cross-thermocuple. Ganglion stimulation caused a significant increase in the flow through the outer half while producing relative ischemia of the inner half of the wall. Pretreatment with propranolol reduced regional difference of flow changes. Significantly augmented non-uniform flow changes, however, were produced by ganglion stimulation during hypertension caused by aortic constriction or by methoxamine. The results indicate non-uniform blood flow distribution which can be produced by sympathetic nerve excitation. | 123,285 | [
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Tetralogy of Fallot with atresia of the left pulmonary artery: surgical repair using a homograft aortic valve. | Two cases of tetralogy of Fallot with unilateral absence of the left pulmonary artery are presented. Both patients required a valve-retaining homograft because of severe pulmonary valve incompetence following previous surgical correction. This uncommon anatomic variant presents special surgical problems, as pointed out in a review of the literature. | 123,292 | [
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[The inhibition of various bacterial proteinases with natural proteinase inhibitiors(author's transl)]. | Proteus mirabilis, citrobacter intermedius, staphylococcus aureus haemolyticus and staphylococcus albus produce extracellualr proteinases with maximum activity at pH 7.8. These proteinases are inhibited practically completely by human and animal blood serum. This inhibitory activity of human serum is caused by alpha2-macroglobulin. Ovomucoid showed nearly the same inhibitory activity as alpha2-macroglobulin. | 123,295 | [
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[Osteoplastic epitympanotomy and the pathology of the middle ear. Part 2: The microstructures of the epitympanum and their significance concerning the pathology of the retrotympanal spaces (author's transl)]. | The two goals of osteoplastic trepanation of the middle ear spaces are first a direct inspection of the main areas of pathologies within the epitympanum and secondly a better understanding of the infected middle ear diseases through careful preparation and exposure of the pathologic processes. A new way of approval could be found by taking into account the anatomical and topographical realities and the possible deviations form normal cases. This opens a better understanding of all those variations. Without touching the microstructures of the tympanum their inspection and preparations are hereby made possible macro- and microscopically. This leads to the conclusion that the tympanic structures are involved in the formation and progression of infected middle ear diseases. The correlation of the "aeration pathways" and the "drainage outlets" of the middle ear as an interdepending functional unit can be seen by this new intrasurgical inspection-based on light- and electronic microscopic research of various authors-as well as through the fact that middle ear mucous membrane is a truly respiratory membrane with no difference to other aeration pathways as found in the nose. A of a summation of mucous membranes in the area of the diaphragma is that minor catarrhal inflammations will block this aeration pathway of the middle ear. At the same time an open tuba auditiva can be found in acute, subacute and chronic middle ear diseases. Our findings that the ventilation of the ear is in most cases blocked at the diaphragma and not at the tube leads to questions on the one hand regarding the function of diaphragma and to the opinion on the other that the ventilation system of the middle ear is divided in two sections by the diaphragma: An anterior section including tuba and hypomesotympanon and a posterior including epitympanon, aditus, antrum and the pneumatic cells of mastoid and pyramid. The anterior section still is ventilated through the tuba when blocked at the diaphragma, in the posterior one ventilation and drainage are blocked even by mildly infected processes. Longer lasting infections have severe consequences for these spaces and the tympanic membrane. | 123,299 | [
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[The effect of various antibiotics on the mixed flora of the maxillary sinus in sinusitis(author's transl)]. | The effect of four frequently used antibiotics on the germs of the sinus maxillaris was studied. For this purpose germs of the sinus max. rinsing fluid, got from 127 patients, were cultured under nearly the same physical and chemical conditions which can be expected in the sinus itself. Each antibiotic substance was studied with three different comcentrations in the culture medium. By extrapolation of the linear regression between some characteristical parameters of the culture absorbancy development and the concentration, the inhibitory concentration can be estimated. The efficacy decreases in the following order: Doxycyclin greater than Gentamycin greater than Ampicillin greater than Lincomycin. An inhibitory concentration results, if the antibiotics are instilled in the sinus itself. The general side effects can be neglected but not at all the local ones. Investigations in this direction are still going on. As a preliminary report, 700 instillations of Lincomycin turned out with no incident. | 123,303 | [
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Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic criteria for diagnosing left atrial enlargement. | Electrocardiographic criteria for left atrial enlargement (LAE) were evaluated in a group of 100 patients with a wide spectrum of cardiovascular diseases and compared with the echocardiographic measurement of left atrial dimension (LAD). Data analysis showed a high degree of correlation between the echocardiographic measurement of LAD and the EKG criteria for LAE. The magnitude of the P terminal force in lead V1 was the most specific of the EKG criteria evaluated, while the P/P-R segment ratio was least specific. Concordance between the two methods of measuring left atrial size increased when multiple positive EKG criteria were present. | 123,358 | [
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[Laws of substrate supply, of cell kinetics and of therapy mechanisms in the intercapillary region of cancer tissue]. | Up to now, the microtopography of glucose and O2 concentration in the intercapillary region of tumour tissue has been determined under the simplifying assumption that substrate consumption is constant up to the periphery of the envisaged cylindrical space around a capillary. The general diffusion field equation presented in this paper takes into account that substrate consumption is constant up to the periphery of the envisaged cylindrical space around a capillary. The general diffusion field equation presented in this paper takes into account that substrate consumption decreases in the unsaturated region of cancer cell glycolysis and respiration so that - compared to former computations - the critical supply radii needed for maintained proliferation increase by a factor of almost 1.8. With the aid of its general solution and the discussed parameters, the laws governing substrate supply, cell kinetics and therapy mechanisms in the intercapillary region of intact and treated tumour tissue are presented and discussed. The essential results there are as follows: - Even in case of hyperglycemia it is glucose supply (and not the O2 supply) which determines proliferation and proliferation rate. - Under the conditions of longtime-hyperglycemia (400 mg%), the tumour volume being accessible to the attack of cancerostatica or radiation, is almost three times as high as under standard conditions. - For glucose (and cancerostatica) the time constant for interactions between circulation and tumour tissue near the necrotic region is equal to or greater than 400 min. This is why stimulation of cancer cell glycolysis in the most therapy-resistant cancer cell portions (i. e., increased proliferation rate and tumour hyperacidification) can only be achieved if hyperglycemia is maintained for 24 hours or more. - Therapeutically treated cancer tissue is characterized by the discussed changes in the diffusion field of glucose and O2 as well as a drop in the interaction time constant for glucose. | 123,396 | [
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Changes of sodium transport in erythrocytes of the maturing rabbit. | The red blood cells of New Zealand white rabbits have a low sodium and high potassium content. As the animals mature, the sodium concentration rises and the potassium content falls; studies of red cells from a group of five young and five mature animals revealed a highly significant increase of cell sodium with age that was associated with a significant fall in the rate of ouabain-inhibited active sodium efflux. This difference was still seen when the sodium concentration within the cells from old and young animals was equalized and elevated to saturating levels for active pump efflux. Total sodium efflux, however, increased significantly with age as did total sodium influx so that a steady state was reached. Ouabain-sensitive ATPase activity fell significantly in the cell membranes from older animals and ouabain-insensitive ATPase increased with age. The survival time of 51Cr-labeled red cells was significantly longer in old than in young animals and it is concluded that as the rabbit matures its red cells survive for a longer period and this is associated with the changes of sodium transport and ATPase activity that have been documented. | 123,417 | [
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Pulmonary microembolism associated with massive transfusion: I. Physiologic effects and comparison in vivo of standard and dacron wool (swank) blood transfusion filters in its prevention. | Pulmonary microembolism of microaggregates associated with massive blood transfusion may be a cause of post-traumatic pulmonary embolism. The purpose of this study was to investigate in the dog the influence on certain physiologic parameters of transfusion of blood containing platelet: white blood cell: fibrin (PWF) aggregates and to evaluate the effects of using blood transfusion filters of varying pore sizes during such transfusions. Exchange transfusions of approximately twice blood volume were performed in three groups of animals. Screen filtration pressure measurements verified the presence of large numbers of PWF aggregates in the transfusions. When no transfusion filters or standard commercially available blood transfusion filters of pore size 170 mu were used, experimental animals developed pulmonary hypertension, a decrease in total body 92 consumption, and metabolic acidosis. Interposition of Dacron wool (Swank) blood transfusion filters prevented these changes. | 123,440 | [
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Investigation of the nature of Australia antigen. I: The absence of biological activity of Australia antigen in human blood leukocyte culture. | Purified and concentrated preparations of Australia antigen had no stimulating effect on leukocytes of human subjects under study when tested either on DNA-polymerase activity, 3H-thymidine uptake or chromosomal alterations. Moreover, in patients with chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver no correlation between antigenemia and chromosome aberrations in blood leukocyte cultures could be detected. On the other hand, a serum obtained from a virus hepatitis patient with Australia antigen in the blood was found to stimulate leukocyte cultures from one patient with Down's syndrome and antigenemia, one mentally retarded patient and three normal donors. This stimulating agent is obviously not associated with Australia antigen. | 123,442 | [
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Structure and innervation of the pineal gland of the rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.). III. An electron microscopic investigation of the innervation. | In the rabbit pineal gland two types of postganglionic nerve endings were found which are characterized by the presence of small dense-core vesicles or small clear vesicles. Pharmacological and cytochemical experiments showed then to be noradrenergic and cholinergic, respectively. Both types were often present in the same nerve bundle, occasionally in close opposition. Intrapineal neurons were only rarely observed. They showed cholinergic synapses on their perikaryon and dendrites as well as noradrenergic axo-dendritic close contacts. Bilateral extirpation of the superior cervical ganglia revealed the postganglionic sympathetic origin of the pineal noradrenergic nerve fibres. Moreover, it appeared that these ganglia are hardly, if at all, involved in the pathway of pineal cholinergic innervation. The results obtained from lesions of both facial nerves, taken together with the results reported in the literature, led to the conclusion that the postganglionic cholinergic nerve fibers in the pineal are of parasympathetic origin. A model for the sympathetic and parasympathetic pineal innervation is proposed. | 123,484 | [
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Effects of 5,5'-diphenyl-2-thiohydantoin on respiration and oxidative phosphorylation of rat liver mitochondria. | 5,5'-Diphenyl-2-thiohydantoin (DPTH) administered in vitro, inhibited state 3 oxidation, stimulated state 4 oxidation and decreased ADP:O ratio when 3-hydroxybutyrate and succinate were used as substrates. Considerably lower DPTH concentrations were required for the inhibition of 3-hydroxybutyrate oxidation (50% inhibition occurred at approximately 0.17 mumoles DPTH/mg protein) than were needed for inhibition of succinate oxidation (50% inhibition occurred at about 0.62 mumoles DPTH/mg protein). DPTH showed no inhibitory effects when ascorbate plus tetramethylphenylenediamine (TMPD) served as the substrate. The inhibition of state 3 respiration was not reversed by 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), although there was a slight increase in the DNP rate:state 3 rate suggesting the presence of a weak DPTH inhibotory site located within the Site I energy transport chain. Uncoupling, in the presence of DPTH, was observed with all substrates. In experiments utilizing sonicated mitochondria, DPTH inhibited NADH-linked oxidation, but did not inhibit succinate or ascorbate plus TMPD oxidation. The effects of DPTH were reversed by dilution and by addition of albumin. DPTH concentrations which produced inhibition of state 3 respiration in vitro were reached, in vivo, in the livers of rats receiving a single oral dose of 40 mg/kg of DPTH. | 123,486 | [
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Influence of non-H-2 genotype on the response to H-2-linked mixed lymphocyte reaction stimulating (MLR-S) genes. | The intensity of the mixed lymphocyte reaction to H-2-linked mixed lymphocyte reaction stimulating genes is influenced by non-H-2 genotype. The same H-2 incompatibility results in a stronger mixed lymphocyte reaction when both partners have the C57BL/10ScSnPh genetic background than when they have the genetic background of the A/Ph strain. It is suggested that, as in man, the intensity of the mixed lymphocyte reaction to incompatibility at the MLR-S genes linked to the major histocompatibility complex is controlled by MLR-response genes not linked to MHS. | 123,514 | [
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Conversion of the arthrodesed hip to a total hip arthroplasty. | Total hip arthroplasty was done in thirty-three patients who had had previous surgical attempts at arthrodesis of the hip. The arthrodesis had failed in nineteen patients, and the other fourteen patients had fused hips with symptoms in the knee and lower back. Thirty-one of the patients had satisfactory functional ability after total hip arthroplasty after one to three and one-half years' follow-up. The two patients in whom the procedure failed had complicating infections. | 123,532 | [
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Metabolism of peripheral nerve myelin in experimental diabetes. | Previous in vitro studies of the metabolism of the peripheral nerve have been based on incorporation of radioactive precursor into components isolated from whole nerve. In this study we have determined incorporation secifically into myelin components of peripheral nerve by isolating myelin after incubating whole nerves with lipid or protein precursors and by determining the specific activity of the components of that membrane. The effect of diabetes on such incorporation was also studied. In the rat, in vitro incorporation of DL-[1-14C]leucine into protein components of myelin was decreased by 30-88% in diabetic animals as compared to controls. The major polypeptide constituent of rat sciatic nerve myelin (mol st 28,000; 58.5% of total mass of proteins) was not labeled in either the diabetic or the control group. In diabetes incorporation rate into a polypeptide of mol wt 23,000, which constitutes 21% of total mass, was approximately one half that of controls. In polypeptides of mol wt 38,000-49,000, which are heavily labeled in normal animals, but constitute only about 5% of total mass of proteins, depression of incorporation was e-en more marked in the diabetics. While these marked differences in incorporation between diabetic and control animals were observed, the amount of protein and its distribution among the constituent polypeptides was the same in both groups. In young rats made diabetic with streptozotocin and young rabbits made diabetic with alloxan, there was a lower rate of incorporation of the lipid precursors, [1-14C]sodium acetate or [3H]water, into myelin components. In older animals of both species incorporation in the controls was considerably lower than in the yount animals, and the effect of diabetes was no longer apparent. In nondiabetic animals, the in vitro addition of insulin (10-7 M) stimulated incorporation of DL-[1-14C]leucine into myelin proteins 1.6-3.1 times that of controls. This stimulation by insulin in vitro was not seen in diabetic animals. In animals in which diabetes had spontaneously recovered, however, incorporation rate in the in vitro experiments approached that of controls and were significantly above that in animals whose diabetes persisted. Since myelin is the palsma membrane of the Schwann cell, these studies provide evidence that the Schwann cell is affected by insulin and that some aspects of the metabolism of myelin are altered in insulin-deficient states. | 123,535 | [
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The compensation experience of patients with chronic beryllium disease. | The experience of patients with chronic beryllium disease seeking workmen's compensation indicates that the system does not meet its intentions of providing for relief of workers for job-related illness. In the instance of beryllium disease there is undue delay in adjudication of the compensation. This delay has its origin in part from litigation over the diagnosis and disability on the part of private insurers and in part on failure of the IAB to press for findings. Moreover, the process of litigation and delay may produce significant psychological distress. For others the compensation for a chronic disability is inadequate. Whether compensation acts as a system of relief depends on whether the patient has a working husband or wife. Among the women here with beryllium disease, the system worked only to the extent that they could rely on their husbands. Compensation benefits should be provided in accord with rises in the cost of living index. Compensation boards should press for prompt settlement of claims. | 123,578 | [
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Successful separation of Xiphopagus-conjoined twins. | The successful separation of xiphopagus-conjoined twins is described. Such an experience is of course a very gratifying and exciting surgical adventure. | 123,583 | [
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Ethanol metabolism and liver oxidative capacity in cold acclimation. | Exposure of rats to an ambient temperature of 5 degrees C for 4 to 6 weeks led to a 30 to 80 percent increase in the rate of oxygen consumption and a 50 percent increase in the rate of ethanol oxidation by liver slices, a 50 percent increase in mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase activity of liver, and a 100 percent increase in Na++K+-activated adenosine-triphosphatase, activity. Ouabain, an inhibitor of the Na++K+-activated adenosine-triphosphatase, completely blocked the extra respiration and ethanol oxidation. Dinitrophenol, which increases oxygen consumption and ethanol oxidation by liver slices from normal rats, was ineffective with slices from cold-exposed animals. Ethanol disappearance rate in vivo was also increased by cold acclimation, even though liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity was reduced. It is suggested that increased hydrolysis of ATP by the sodium pump system is responsible for the increased oxygen consumption and ethanol metabolism in the livers of cold-acclimated animals. | 123,585 | [
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A family with apparently sex-linked optic atrophy. | A family is described in which a probable new form of sex-linked optic atrophy was found in eight individuals. Some additional neurological abnormalities were noted. Results of studies of the Xg blood group excluded close linkage between the optic atrophy and Xg genes. As a probable coincidence, Huntington's chorea was found in a side branch of the family. | 123,591 | [
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[Hemodynamic compensatory mechanisms of impaired left ventricular contraction in coronary artery disease (author's transl)]. | The effect of chronic coronary insufficiency on the hemodynamics, the geometry and muscle mass of the left ventricle were studied in 30 patients and compared to 13 controls. In these patients the cardiac output was normal in spite of impaired contractility and left ventricular wall movement. The impaired cardiac performance was compensated by 1. hypertrophy and 2. dialatation of the left ventricle. In one-vessel disease of the the coronary arteries left ventricular muscle mass was modestly, but not significant increased. Hypertrophy decreased from +20% in one vessel disease to +10% in three vessel disease. In contrast, left ventricular dilatation increased from +23% in one vessel disease to 43% in two vessel disease and to 70% in patients with sclerotic lesions in three vessels. Left ventricular dilatation seems to be the main hemodynamic compensatory mechnism resulting in a relative increase of the pump function of the heart compared to non dilated hearts. However, dilatation leads in the end-phase to left ventricular failure. By increased wall tension in the presence of impaired coronary blood flow dilatation bears the risk of deterioration of left ventricular function. | 123,608 | [
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[Leeches in the respiratory system (author's transl)]. | The leech as a foreign body and parasite in the human respiratory tract occurs principally in the Mediterranean countries, in Africa and Asia. It reaches the respiratory tract when water is drunk directly from rivers, lakes, etc. Ignorance of this fact may cause diagnostic difficulties leading to errors in treatment. Anaemia and respiratory obstruction due to leeches cause danger to health and life, especially in children. Fatalities have been known. Treatment consists of endoscopic removal of the parasite, which may be technically difficult, especially when the leech is in the region of the larynx and thus presents dramatic conditions for the procedure. A series of 120 cases treated in Algeria between 1962 and 1971 is presented. | 123,618 | [
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Laparoscopy: routine pneumoperitoneum via the posterior fornix. | To induce pneumoperitoneum for laparoscopic examination, a transvaginal route and a modified Verres needle were used in an effort to reduce the failure rate of the subumbilical route and to avoid some of its dangers. The technic not only reduces the rate of complications, but its precision and simplicity make it easier to learn and execute. | 123,638 | [
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Genetic evidence on the organization and action of the qa-1 gene product: a protein regulating the induction of three enzymes in quinate catabolism in Neurospora crassa. | The first three reactions in the catabolism of qainic acid in Neurospora crassa are under the genetic control of the qa gene cluster. This cluster consists of three structural genes encoding three inducible enzymes plus a regulatory gene (qa-1+) whose diffusible product apparently acts in a positive fashion to initiate coordinate synthesis of the three enzymes when an appropriate inducer is present. Genetic and biochemical evidence for both complementing and temperature-sensitive qa-1 alleles indicates that the product of the qa-1+ gene is an oligomeric (multimeric) protein. On the basis of cis-trans tests of appropriate double mutants (plus genetic mapping data for temperature-sensitive mutants), at least certain constitutive mutants (which produce all three qa enzymes in the absence of an inducer) are mutants in the regulatory gene and not in controlling elements such as initiators. The detection of stable (non-revertible) qa-1 intralocus deletion (multisite)mutants provides additional evidence for positive regulation in the qa system. Extensive genetic recombination data provide evidence that the two types of qa-1 mutants--slow-complementing (qa-1-s) and fast-complementing (qa-1-f)--map in discrete, non-overlapping segments of the qa-1 locus. These two distinct types of mutants are hypothesized to produce altered regulatory protein molecules that fail to interact either with a DNA initiator site (qa-1-s types) or with an inducer (qa-1-f types). The striking similarities between the qa system in this lower eukaryote and certain prokaryote operon systems are discussed. | 123,642 | [
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[The epidemiologic significance of tuberculosis mycobacteria of the avian type]. | Reaction to intradermal injection of tuberculin from Mycobacteria tuberculosis of the avian type proved to be negative in all the 505 students examined who never came in contact with fowl farms. Of 738 local residents it was found to be positive in 23.8% and of 320 workers of fowl farms--in 54.5% of cases. In response to the injection of Koch tuberculin and PPD-L the number of positive reactions in all the mentioned groups constituted 69-80%. A conclusion was drawn on the epidemiological danger of Mycobacteria of the avian type for the workers of fowl farms and, to a certain degree, for the surrounding population. | 123,686 | [
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Clinical and microbiologic surveillance of neonatal staphylococcal disease. Relationship to hexachlorophene whole-body bathing. | Neonatal staphylococcal disease occurred in the nurseries of a university hospital three weeks after discontinuation of routine, daily, whole-body bathing of newborns with hexachlorophene. Of 16 infants who had clinical manifestations within a two-week period, 11 cases were confirmed bacteriologically. Shortly after onset of the outbreak, daily clinical and microbiologic surveillance and control measures on all infants and personnel were inaugurated. Clinical surveillance after the outbreak did not yield any new case. Average incidence of cultures positive for coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus was highest (13% per week) during the first three weeks of microbiologic surveillance (when hexachlorophene was not used). This is lower than that reported in most previous studies. These findings indicate the importance of scrupulous hand washing before and after handling each infant and of enforcement of other basic nursery techniques. | 123,704 | [
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Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in Georgia cattle. | A survey of gastrointestinal nematodes in Georgia cattle was conducted from 1968 through 1973 from actual worm counts from viscera of 145 slaughtered beef cattle or from egg counts made from fecal samples from 3,273 beef and 100 dairy cattle. Beef cattle were grouped as calves, yearlings, and cows. Dairy cattle were grouped as calves, replacement heifers, and cows. Results of fecal examinations positive; 99.5, 99.3, 99.6, and 41.2% of the calves, yearlings, drylot calves, and cows, respectively, were infected with nematodes. Seventy-four percent of the eggs counted were of the Cooperia-Ostertagia - Trichostrongylus complex (C-O-T) and 21% were of the Haemonchus-Oesophagostomum complex (H-O). Sixty-nine percent of the infective larvae recovered from coprocultures made from composite samples were of Ostertagia ostertagi. Moniezia (tapeworm) eggs were seen in 16% of all the samples, more predominantly in the calves (24%) and less in the cows (smaller than 1%). Oocysts of Eimeria spp were detected in 61% of the cattle, more predominantly in younger cattle. All cattle necropsied were infected with O ostertagi. Other nematodes present, in order of decreasing frequency, were Trichostrongylus axei (97%), Haemonchus placei (66%), Cooperia punctata (63%), Cooperia oncophora (61%), Oesophagostomum radiatum (61%), Bunostomum phlebotomum (55%), Trichostrongylus colubriformis (36%), Cooperia pectinata (28%), Trichuris spp (17%), Nematodirus spathiger (9%), and Capillaria bovis (4%). Tapeworms were also recovered from 19% of the cattle at necropsy. Seventy-eight percent of the dairy cattle were positive; 98% of the calves, 80% of the heifers, and 58% of the cows. Cooperia-Ostertagia-Trichostrongylus eggs were detected in 78% and H-O eggs in 38% of the cattle. Eimeria oocysts were detected in 71% of all the dairy cattle, and Moniezia eggs were in 10% of the calves and 7% of the heifers. | 123,711 | [
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[Mycosis fungoides]. | The classical characteristics of Myocsis Fungoides are discussed. 1) The clinical characteristics of the three forms: tumour from the start, erythrodermic and polymorphic forms of Alibert-Buzin. 2) Histological characteristics : dense dermal infiltrates or epidermotropic infiltration, or around a more or less malignant histiocytic reaction, there develops a host reaction, resembling a granuloma. During the course of the disease, one may observe lymphocyte depletion, whilst delayed hypersensitivity tests become negative. The various types of lymphadenopathy are analysed, the possibility of visceral lesions confirmed. However, knowledge of Sezary's syndrome makes his concept of the disease doubtful. A pathological picture similar to Mycosis Fungoides may be observed during Sezary's syndrome, with circulating giant cells. The presence of small Sezary cells, Lutzner-Flandrin variety, is common in the dermal infiltrate, and even more common in the lymph node visceral infiltrates of Mycosis Fungoides. Thus, one is led to the concept according to which the primary phenomenon is probably pathological proliferation of abnormal T lymphocytes (large and small Sezary cells), the histiocytic proliferation would then simply be a secondary reaction. This theory is then discussed. | 123,718 | [
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Genetic control of phosphate-metabolizing enzymes in Neurospora crassa: relationships among regulatory mutations. | In Neurospora crassa, the phosphate-metabolizing enzymes are made during phosphate starvation, but not under phosphate sufficiency. The synthesis of these enzymes is controlled by three regulatory genes: pcon-nuc-2, preg and nuc-1, pcon-nuc-2 and preg are closely linked. A model of the hierarchical relationships among these regulatory genes is presented. Studies of double mutants and revertants confirm several predictions of the model. It has been found that nuc-2 (null) and pcon-c (constitutive) mutations reside in the same cistron. preg-c (constitutive) mutations are epistatic to nuc-2 mutations. nuc-1 (null) mutations are epistatic to all others. | 123,873 | [
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24-Hour secretory pattern of dehydroisoandrosterone and dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate. | Dehydroisoandrosterone (DHA) and cortisol were measured by radioimmunoassay and protein binding techniques respectively in plasma from blood taken at 20-min intervals over 24-h periods in 3 normal men, 2 women with Stein-Leventhal syndrome and a man with a benign adrenocortical adenoma. In all subjects but the latter, DHA and cortisol were episodic and synchronous throughout the entire day; in this patient, continuous secretion of cortisol by the tumor apparently abolished stimulation of the contralateral adrenal, and DHA production was negligible. Dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate analysis in plasma displayed a pattern which, probably because of its origin both by secretion and sulfation and its long half-life showed less synchronicity with DHA and cortisol and less fluctuation than did the free hormones. | 123,927 | [
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Insulin and glucose as modulators of the amino acid-induced glucagon release in the isolated pancreas of alloxan and streptozotocin diabetic rats. | The hyperglucagonemia that occurs in vivo in animals made diabetic with alloxan or streptozotocin is not suppressed by high glucose but is suppressed by exogenous insulin. These observations together with other studies suggested that insulin-dependent glucose transport and metabolism by the alpha-cells serves as the primary mechanism controlling glucagon secretion. This hypothesis was tested in the present investigation. The possible interactions between glucose, insulin, and a mixture of 20 amino acids at physiological proportions were examined in the isolated-perfusin diabetic rats. Release of insulin and glucagon were used as indicators of theta-cell and alpha-cell function. According to rigid criteria the diabetic animals entering the study were severely diabetic. It was found that in vitro: (a) basal glucagon release (measured in the absence of an alpha-cell stimulus or inhibitor) was extremely low, even lower (i.e. 10%) than the basal rates seen in controls; (b) the alpha-cells of alloxanized- and streptozotocin-treated rats responded with a biphasic glucagon release to stimulation by an amino acid mixture; (c) this alpha-cell response was reduced after both streptozotocin and alloxan; (d) glucose at 5 mM was a potent inhibitor of amino acid-induced glucagon secretion in both types of experimental diabetes; (e) in alloxan diabetes alpha-cell stimulation by amino acids can be curbed by exogenous insulin, whereas glucagon secretion by the perfused pancreas of streptoxotocin diabetic rats appeared to be resistant to insulin action. The data indicate that the modulation of glucagon secretion by glucose in vitro is indipendent of insulin and that other unknown factors extrinsic to the pancreatic islets are responsible for the hyperglucagonemia observed in vivo. | 123,928 | [
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The fungicidal mechanisms of human monocytes. I. Evidence for myeloperoxidase-linked and myeloperoxidase-independent candidacidal mechanisms. | We tested the ability of human peripheral blood monocytes to kill Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis. Evidence that multiple fungicidal mechanisms operate in normla monocytes was found. Normal monocytes ingested and killed viable C. albicans, and could iodinate heat-killed C. albicans. Both functions were defective in monocytes from subjects with myeloperoxidase deficiency or chronic granulomatous disease. Methimazole, isoniazid, and aminotriazole inhibited iodination by normal monocytes without impairing their ability to kill C. albicans, indicating that iodination was not essential to the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-mediated fungicidal system of the monocyte. C. parapsilosis, an organism killed with supranormal efficacy by monocytes from a patient with hereditary myeloperoxidase deficiency, was selected to examine the myeloperoxidase-independent fungicidal mechanisms of monocytes. Monocytes were obtained from the blood of normal or leukemic subjects and homogenized in 0.34 M sucrose to yield fractions rich in cytoplasmic granules. These fractions were extracted with 0.01 M citric acid and the soluble components were separated by micropreparative polyacrylamide electrophoresis. Monocytes were found to contain cationic proteins, other than myeloperoxidase, that kill C. parapsilosis in vitro. | 123,929 | [
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Reduction of fear-related dental management problems with use of filmed modeling. | In this study of the modification of anxiety-related disruptive behavior in dental treatment, matched groups of inner-city children attending a pedodontic clinic were shown a videotaped demonstration of a 4-year-old black child undergoing a dental restorative procedure or were given an unrelated drawing task before dental treatment. Children who viewed the videotape demonstration of a peer model coping with dental procedures showed significantly fewer fear-related disruptive behaviors during restoration of lesions. Observations of children's anxiety levels made by dentists and independent observers validated the effectiveness of viewing the videotaped demonstration. No significant correlation was found between the children's reports of their anxiety and their behavior during dental treatment. | 123,932 | [
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[Medial or lateral placement of the graft in myringoplasty comparative studies of both operation techniques using electronic data processing (author's transl)]. | After medial placement of the graft in myringoplasty the remaining air-bone gap within the speech range is on an average approximately 10,- dB. This remaining air-bone gap is, according to secured statistics, on an average approximately 10 dB lower than in a lateral placement of the graft. The bone conduction does usually not change in either operation method. The additional support of meatal skin graft on the underlayed fascia does not have any influence on the audiologic finding. The percentage of the reperforations is in type I with a rate of 18% rather high; both operation methods do not significantly differ. | 123,984 | [
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Does phospholipase C stimulate thymide kinase activity of rat liver extracts prepared after partial hepatectomy. | Our purpose was to determine whether phospholipase C stimulated thymidine kinase activity of regenerating rat liver. We determined effects of phospholipase C upon TMP formation by rat liver extracts prepared at 0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hr following partial hepatectomy. Data were obtained which supported these conclusions: (a) Commercial preparations of phospholipase C contained nucleoside phosphotransferase activity; (b) phospholipase C exerted no appreciable stimulatory influence upon thymidine kinase activity of regenerating rat liver; and (c), apparent stimulation of thymidine kinase was associated with linked activities of two enzymes, viz., liver extract-ATPase activity and nucleoside phosphotransferase activity. | 124,059 | [
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Heterotopic bone formation in abdominal scars. | Twelve patients with heterotopic ossification in abdominal scars have been studied. Two patients were elderly females. Operative excision was required in seven: two for local symptoms, two for suspected local malignant recurrences and three for further intra-abdominal procedures. The other five instances were diagnosed roentgenologically. The mechanisms of formation of such lesions are not clear, but both the implantation and metaplasia theories may be correct. | 124,093 | [
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Echinococcal cyst beyond the pulmonary sieve. | This is a presentation of 10 unusual cases of hydatid cyst beyond the pulmonary sieve. One of these cases has not been described previously. Some comments and a discussion are included. | 124,095 | [
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[Experience with prophylactic examinations of rural women for the detection of malignant neoplasms (based on data from the northern group of districts of the Udmurt ASSR)]. | Difficulties in the organization of adequate prophylactic examinations have necessitated an application of the expedition method of examining the population by a team of specialists. This method has been used in North Regions of Udmurt ASSR, and since 1962 a total of 13425 females were examined, who shoed pathological changes in the genitalia in 41.3 of cases, cervical precancerous conditions--in 115.4, cervical cancer--in 0.71 and other affections--in 223.2 per 1000 females under investigation. | 124,112 | [
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Proteolytic enzymes as adjuncts to antimicrobial prophylaxis of contaminated wounds. | When a tissue is injured, its vessels exhibit a marked increase in vascular permeability. Blood proteins, including fibrinogen, traverse the vessel walls and lead to the development of a surface coagulum. This inflammatory response continues until primary closure of the wound edges is accomplished. The thickness of the surface coagulum is roughly proportional to the time interval between wounding and closure. This coagulum encompasses the surface contaminants, preventing contact with either topical or systemic antibiotics. The presence of this surface coagulum limits the time in which antibiotic prophylaxis is effective. At three hours after injury, antimicrobial prophylaxis of contaminated wounds has no therapeutic value. Hydrolysis of the protein coagulum by proteolytic enzymes enhances the activity of the antibiotic in experimental wounds. The success of proteolytic enzymes as adjuncts to delayed antibiotic treatment can be correlated with the clot lysis activity of the enzymes in vitro. Travase, the most potent fibrinolytic enzyme, is the most effective adjunct to delayed antibiotic therapy of contaminated wounds. In contrast, the active enzymes found in Elase, which exhibit no significant clot lysis activity in vitro, do not potentiate the activity of antibiotics in wounds subjected to a delay in treatment. Travase prolongs the period of effective topical antibiotic action for at least eight hours in experimental contaminated wounds. The therapeutic merit of Travase is also apparent when the antibiotic is administered systemically. Travase shows promise as an adjunct to a variety of antibiotics that are effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. The results of these experimental studies support our belief that clinical studies support our belief that clinical studies should now be initiated to test the therapeutic value of Travase as an adjunct to antibiotics in heavily contaminated wounds subjected to an unavoidable delay in treatment. | 124,138 | [
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Evaluation of prosthetic grafts of different porosity for arterial reconstruction. | Autogenous jugular veins and Dacron grafts of different porosities were implanted as short bypass grafts around ligated femoral arteries in the dog. Patency rates for periods up to eight months were: vein, 79 per cent; DeBakey Dacron (lowest porosity), 39 per cent; Wesolowski Weavenit (imtermediate porosity), 56 per cent; high porosity Dacron, 8 per cent. The failure of sixteen of the twenty-four high porosity grafts was related to perigraft hematomas that occurred two to seven days after operation and later thrombosis. The higher the porosity of the graft, the better the healing pattern as evidenced by fibrous bonding of the inner and outer linings of the grafts through the interstices. In the spectrum of grafts with increasing porosity there is apparently an optimal porosity beyond which late bleeding counterbalances the better healing properties of the higher porosity graft. | 124,139 | [
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Development and treatment of post-traumatic pulmonary platelet trapping. | In anesthetized dogs soft tissue trauma resulting in hypovolemia was associated with pulmonary trapping of 51Cr tagged platelets. The efficacy of various forms of therapy aimed at preventing pulmonary trapping of platelets following trauma was evaluated. Lung biopsies were assayed before trauma and at hourly intervals for accumulation of autologous 51Cr tagged platelets reinfused 24 hours prior to the experiment. The study showed that pulmonary platelet trapping secondary to soft tissue trauma could be prevented by treatment with Dextran 40, Dextran 70 and methyl-prednisolone administered one hour after trauma and by pretreatment with aspirin. | 124,157 | [
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The use of Mersilene mesh in repair of abdominal wall hernias: a clinical and experimental study. | Use of synthetic materials in herniplasty has been a controversial issue. In order to determine the influence of Mersilene mesh on the strength of healing abdominal wounds and its effectiveness in repair of hernia, experimental and clinical studies were undertaken. Experimental study included 175 male rats divided into three groups subjected to either: 1) an incision made only through the skin and closed with 3-0 silk sutures; 2) a 2.5 cm midline incision through the musculature and peritoneum closed with 2-0 Mersilene suture; or 3) the same procedure as group 2 with the addition of a Mersilene mesh onlay graft. Bursting strength of abdominal wounds as determined in all groups at intervals. Wounds of the group treated with the mesh exhibited significantly greater (P less than 0.01) bursting strength. Clinical trial consisted of 100 consecutive adult patients in which an onlay graft of Mersilene mesh was used in the hernioplasty. Mesh was used as an adjunct in patients with: 1) large ventral hernias; 2) direct hernias resulting from severely attenuated transversialis fascia; 3) indirect hernias associated with a large internal ring and a weak posterior inguinal wall; or 4) combined direct and indirect hernias. All were followed for a minimum of one year to determine the incidence of complication and rate of recurrence. This study suggests that: 1) Mersilene mesh increases the strength of healing abdominal wounds in rats; and 2) repair of large hernias with Mersilene mesh results in an acceptable morbidity and a lowered rate of recurrence. | 124,162 | [
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Some sources of stress found in mothers of spina bifida children. | The scores on a malaise inventory for 51 mothers of spina bifida children born between 1956 and 1962 in South Wales revealed significantly higher scores when the child was incontinent, had a severe locomotor disability, had an IQ less than 80, and was attending a special school rather than a normal school. No difference in scores was found between the sexes or for size of family, and only a slight difference occurred between the malaise scores of mothers of mildly and moderately handicapped children. | 124,188 | [
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Adverse reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, with particular reference to long-term therapy. | Since trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) was first marked occasional reviews have surveyed the pattern of adverse reactions. Skin rashes characteristic of sulfonamide sensitivity have predominated, with relatively few of a serious exfoliative nature. Hematologic adverse reactions recorded follow the pattern known to occur with sulfonamides, with a few cases related to the action of trimethoprim on human folate metabolism. Such an effect is more likely to occur when the patient's folate status is already jeopardized; it is rare in relation to the widespread use of the drug combination. Long-term administration does not per se seem to represent an additional hazard provided the dose is the correct one and the hematologic monitoring of the patient is performed regularly. The suggestion that TMP-SMX has a toxic effect on the kidney has not been substantiated. An estimated 250 million "standard treatment courses" have been given in the first 6 years of marketing and, overall, the picture of adverse reactions corresponds with that expected from a sulfonamide of relatively low toxicity. | 124,200 | [
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De subitaneis mortibus. XII. Asymmetrical hypertrophy of the heart. | Subjects with asymmetrical hypertrophy of the heart are prone to sudden death. Neither the pathogenesis of the eccentric hypertrophy nor the mechanism of sudden death is fully understood. In this report we describe certain postmortem findings in the hearts of 22 subjects who died suddenly, silently and unexpectedly, and in whom the only significant abnormality at autopsy was asymmetrical hypertrophy of the heart. Deep clefts were present in the septum in seven hearts, the small coronary arteries were abnormally narrowed in ten, the sinus node was sclerosed by fibrosis in 12, there was variable narrowing of the atrioventricular (A-V) node artery in many and the His bundle was too thin in three. There were multiple cysts or channels in the central fibrous body and of the adjacent A-V node and His bundle in four hearts. Most of the hearts displayed a fetal dispersion of the A-V node and His bundle throughout the central fibrous body, but this was particularly conspicuous in 13 hearts. These abnormalities in all parts of the conduction system suggest a variety of possible mechanisms by which the heart could become electrically unstable but do not indicate that one single mechanism is at fault in all. They offer some explanation for the reported high incidence of atrial fibrillation in such patients, and why they fare so badly with this arrhythmia. While the pathogenesis of asymmetrical hypertrophy may in some part be attributable to narrowed small coronary arteries or to an abnormal sequence or speed of septal and ventricular activation or to mechanical deficiency caused by deep septal clefts, none of these features was universally present in our series. Both asymmetrical hypertrophy of the heart and the sudden death which so frequently accompanies it probably develop by a variety of pathogenetic mechanisms. | 124,234 | [
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[Preparative electrophoresis of peptidic glycosaminoglycans. Application to the fractionation of peptidic glycosaminoglycans of arterial wall (author's transl)]. | A new procedure for the fractionation of glycosaminoglycans by electrophoresis on Pevikon has been described. Mixtures of glycosaminoglycans were fractionated by preparative electrophoresis on Pevikon in pyridine formate or glycine-HCl buffers. By this procedure, 200 mg of a mixture of hyaluronic acid, heparan sulphate, dermatan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate isolated from arterial wall could be successfully separated without loss of material. The purified fractions were analysed by enzymatic and chemical procedures. The molar ratios of uronic acid to hexosamine and of sulphate to hexosamine and the amino acid content of each glycosaminoglycan have been determined. The peptidic content (less than 1%) is represented by five amino acids, viz. serine, glycine, alanine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid. | 124,318 | [
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Is the macrophage the stimulating cell? | Using CAF1 spleen cells to stimulate parental strain BALB/c spleen cells in a mixed lymphocyte culture, column separation of responding cells increased their response whereas the same treatment of stimulating cells reduced their activity approximately 95 per cent. Peritoneal macrophages from CAF1 mice were found to stimulate BALB/c spleen cells poorly if present in comparable numbers or if they were cultured for 24 hours before adding responding cells. However, if the F1 macrophages were in contact with the BALB/c cells for only 4 hours, their stimulating effect was increased strikingly. Under these conditions BALB/c macrophages had no effect. It is concluded that the macrophage is probably the most effective stimulating cell and may be the only cell with this capability. | 124,322 | [
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In vitro cultivation of adult human gingiva I. primary epithelial outgrowth from gingival explants. | The in vitro behavior of human gingiva was studied using a simple tissue culture technique. Gingival explants from adult patients undergoing periodontal surgery were cultivated in three different media for periods up to three weeks. It was demonstrated that primary epithelial cell cultures can be obtained under simple and predictable conditions. The migrating cells were compact and uniform in shape and resembled the spinous cell layer of a squamous stratified epithelium. Mitotic activity was regularly observed all over the outgrowth, which continued to grow throughout the entire experimental period. | 124,339 | [
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Effect of gentamicin on renal function in the rat. | The functional correlates of gentamicin nephrotoxicity were studied in rats injected with gentamicin, 100 mg/kg b.wt. per day, for 1 to 6 days. After 4 days of injections, a significant decrease in urine osmolality was detected in association with a rise in blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. These changes became more pronounced after 5 days of injections. Injecting gentamicin for 3 to 5 days had no discernible effect on the capacity of the distal nephron to reabsorb solute free water during a saline load compared to the control group. Tubular secretion of para-aminohippurate (PAH) was significantly greater in rats injected with gentamicin for 4 to 5 days than in the control group. Increased uptake of PAH by renal cortical slices was detected after 1 day of gentamicin treatment and reached a peak effect after 5 days of injections. Probenecid completely inhibited the augmented PAH uptake. No stimulation of the organic base transport system was observed. Three days of gentamicin treatment did not alter intracellular water or electrolyte content of kidney cortical slices. The data suggest that gentamicin specifically stimulates the organic acid transport system and that this effect may represent an early functional correlate of gentamicin nephrotoxicity. | 124,348 | [
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Coexistent ipsilateral subclavian steal and thoracic outlet compression syndromes. | In this report we shall describe a 34-year old woman who presented with signs and symptoms of ipsilateral subclavian steal and thoracic outlet compression syndromes. The diagnosis was confirmed by arteriography and measurement of nerve conduction velocities. Via a single approach, the first rib was resected, the left subclavian artery was ligated at its takeoff, and flow was re-established with a woven Dacron graft. Two years postoperatively, the woman has equal and full pulses and blood pressure bilaterally, good strength, and no evidence of muscle atrophy. | 124,372 | [
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Indications, contraindications and complications of laparoscopy. | The primary use of laparoscopy is as a surgical tool, with sterilizations being the overwhelming indication. The laparoscope is used less frequently as a non-surgical tool, with the major indication being for diagnosing infertility and/or amenorrhea, and for evaluation of obscure pelvic pain. There would seem to be several indications for laparoscopy that have been neglected, these being in confirming the diagnosis of acute pelvic inflammatory disease; in the evaluation of malignancies and abdominal-pelvic trauma; and the surgical treatment of pelvic pain. Lapar-The majority of these contraindications are relative, and depend soley on the laparoscopist's ability and his clinical judgment. The problems of hernias seem to have been over-emphasized. The laparoscopist should be aware of potential problems with umbilical hernia, and he probably can ignore hiatal hernias except when they are large and quite symptomatic. However, generalized abdominal peritonitis, significant hemoperitoneum with intestinal obstruction are felt by most authors to be absolute contraindications. The most frequent complications of laparoscopy involve the physoperitoneum. Except for cardiac arrest the most serious complications involve electrical burns to small bowel. | 124,409 | [
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The use of viable frozen lymphocytes for studies in human tumor immunology. | Viable frozen lymphocytes displayed activity in blastogenesis assays that was indistinguishable from freshly prepared lymphoid cells. Similarly, cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes against melanoma target cells from melanoma patients was only slightly affected by the freezing procedure. Frozen lymphocytes provided a highly reproducible source of cells in these assays. The use of viable frozen peripheral blood lymphoid cells for the retrospective analysis of a cancer patient's immune response is described. | 124,484 | [
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Ultrastructural features of degenerated cardiac muscle cells in patients with cardiac hypertrophy. | Degenerated cardiac muscle cells were present in hypertrophied ventricular muscle obtained at operation from 12 (38%) of 32 patients with asymmetric septal hypertrophy (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) or aortic valvular disease. Degenerated cells demonstrated a wide variety of ultrastructural alterations. Mildly altered cells were normal-sized or hypertrophied and showed focal changes, including preferential loss of thick (myosin) filaments, streaming and clumping of Z band material, and proliferation of the tubules of sarcoplasmic reticulum. Moderately and severely degenerated cells were normal-sized or atrophic and showed additional changes, including extensive myofibrillar lysis and loss of T tubules. The appearance of the most severely degenerated cells usually reflected the cytoplasmic organelle (sarcoplasmic reticulum, glycogen, or mitochondria) which underwent proliferation and filled the myofibril-free areas of these cells. Moderately and severely degenerated cells were present in areas of fibrosis, had thickened basement membranes, and had lost their intercellular connections. These observations suggest that degenerated cardiac muscle cells have poor contractile function and may be responsible for impaired cardiac performance in some patients with chronic ventricular hypertrophy. | 124,533 | [
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Sebum: analysis by infrared spectroscopy. II. The suppression of fatty acids by systemically administered antibiotics. | Various tetracyclines and erythromycins have been used rather empirically for the systemic treatment of acne vulgaris for more than a decade. It has been impossible to accurately evaluate clinically the numerous derivatives and to compare their effectiveness with other antibiotics such as clindamycin. As a substitute for this approach, this present study ranks these antibiotics, when given orally, as to their effectivensss in suppressing the fatty acids in sebum in normal volunteers. As a group, the tetracyclines were more effective than the erythromycins in decreasing the fatty acids, but clindamycin was significantly more potent than either. | 124,557 | [
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Measles rash. I. Light and electron microscopic study of skin eruptions. | Measles skin lesions were studied by light and electron microscopy. In the epidermis multinucleated giant cells were observed just beneath the hypertrophic horney layer at the maximum stage of rash; they were believed to result by an abnormal process of hyper- or parakeratosis. Neither typical inclusions nor viral nucleocapsids could be detected in any part of the epidermal layer. Most characteristical changes were dermal edema and spongiosis with mononuclear cell infiltration as well as the detection of measle virus-like microtubular structures (nucleocapsids) in the endothelium of dermal capillaries. Is is assumed that measles exanthema is a manifestation of an Arthus reaction elicited by viral antigen in the endothelium of dermal capillaries. | 124,564 | [
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Zinc distribution in mouse brain subsequent to hippocampal lesions. | The role of zinc in central nervous system metabolism remains obscure but it has been shown in animals that diphenylthiocarbazone (Dithizone) selectively colors intravitally the hippocampus and adnexa, parts affected in human temporal lobe epilepsy. To examine the effect of experimental cerebral lesions on zinc storage in that region, 80 mice were divided into two operative and two control groups. The operative groups had unilateral lesions placed in the hippocampus or frontal lobe. One control group and both lesion groups were injected subcutaneously with zinc lactate daily for ten days before intravenous injection of diphenylthiocarbazone. The other control group was used to determine if zinc storage occurs as a result of its increased systemic availability. Hippocampal lesion mice showed more extensive staining of lethal amygdala and associated cortex on the side of the lesion. Frontal lesions remained unstained and frontal lesions did not alter the staining of hippocampus and related parts. Lack of difference between controls shows that greater availability of systemic zinc does not increase its content in the hippocampal-lateral amygdalar region. Increased zinc uptake in this instance appears to be a local phenomenon. | 124,565 | [
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Acute myocardial infarction in toxic cardiomyopathy without coronary obstruction. | Confluent left ventricular scar without significant coronary obstruction has been found in alcoholic subjects at autopsy. To evaluate the pathogenesis, 12 patients with chronic alcoholism and severe precordial pain persisting 4-24 hours were observed clinically. Cardiac isoenzymes of lactic dehydrogenase rose in serum. ST segment was elevated in anterior or posterior ECG leads, and abnormal Q waves appeared. Hypertnesion and hypercholesterolemia were present in two (group B) but not in the ten (group A). The latter exhibited no significant obstructive disease, based on coronary angiography in seven survivors and postmortem examination of the remaining three. Clinical evidence, as well as the quantitative assessment of platelets, made arterial thromboembolism an unlikely cause for the symptoms. Neither hemotologic or systemic disease affecting myocardium was present. The morphology of the left ventricle in three autopsies was compared with that of patients with alcoholism who had no cardiac disease, cardiomyopathy, or an asymptomatic scar. All had accumulation of Alcian positive glycoprotein in the interstitium. The patients with cardiac disease also had interstitial fibrosis which was characterized, particularly in the acute infarction group, by concentric periarterial fibrosis. Restriction of coronary vasodilation by this process during periods of high blood flow requirements was postulated as a basis for infarction. | 124,634 | [
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Molecular size difference of urinary heparan sulfates from normal individuals and genetic mucopolysaccharidoses. | Heparan sulfates were isolated from the urine of normal individuals and patients with genetic mucopolysaccharidoses after exhaustive digestion with chondroitinase ABC. Electrophoresis of these preparations on cellulose acetate membrane revealed one spot corresponding in mobility to reference heparan sulphate in barium acetate buffer, while electrophoresis in 0.1 M HCl resulted in two distinct spots for each case; one corresponded in migration rate to reference heparan sulfate, and the other was faster in mobility than reference heparan sulfate but slightly retarded when compared with reference heparin. On thin-layer gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 (superfine) heparan sulfate from normal urine was polydispersed in character and its molecular size was larger than those of other preparations. Heparan sulfates from Hunter's and Sanfilippo's urine were monodispersed and small in molecular size. The molecular size of heparan sulfate from Sanfilippo's urine was the smallest of all. Heparin sulfate from Hurler's urine appeared to be composed of two populations; one corresponded in molecular size to heparan sulfate from normal urine, and the other corresponded to that of Hunter's urine. | 124,636 | [
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Low back pain with femoral neuritis. | In 465 patients treated surgically for low back and lower extremity disability, almost 10 per cent had femoral rather than sciatic distribution of pain. The average age of patients who had a primarily femoral distribution of pain is higher by a decade than those who had a predominantly sciatic distribution of pain; the higher level of the lesion and greater incidence of apophyseal joint arthritis may be associated with the aging process. The femoral distribution of pain may lead to difficulties in differential diagnosis between a spinal origin and a hip or knee origin of the problem. Radiculopathy causing femoral pain may be the result of both disk degeneration with protrusion and apophyseal arthritis with synovitis. Neuritis of the L4 nerve root is more commonly the result of a lesion at the L4-5 nerve root foramen than centrally at the L3-4 disk level. The syndrome of low back pain with femoral neuritis is not uncommon 5 or more years after an otherwise successful L4-S1, two level spine fusion. This syndrome can result from an L3-4 disk protrusion with nerve root neuritis but may be a reflex disturbance from the posterior arch structures as evidenced by fusion mass, apophyseal joint or spinous process overgrowth and associated soft tissue inflammation. | 124,641 | [
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[Anastomoses between the vertebral and external occipital arteries in occlusion of the external carotid and vertebral arteries (author's transl)]. | Five cases of anastomose formation between the external carotid and the vertebral arteries are reported. In 2 cases occlusion of the vertebral artery in the upper section of the cervical spine were present. In 2 further cases there were occlusions of the external carotid artery. In only a single case did angiographic examination show no pathological change. From these observations it is concluded that, when the formation of such collaterals is established, occlusions and important part-occlusions of the large cervical vessels should be sought. | 124,679 | [
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Histochemical mapping of ATPase and simple esterase in the cerebral hemisphere of the Indian lizard, Uromastix hardwickii. | Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and simple esterase (SE) have been mapped at various levels of the cerebral hemispheres of the lizard, Uromastix. Some areas were intensely positive for one or both enzymes while others were totally negative for both. Variation in enzymatic activity has been observed at different levels in the same nucleus. The functional significance of the findings is discussed. | 124,718 | [
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Isolation and properties of actin, myosin, and a new actinbinding protein in rabbit alveolar macrophages. | Actin, myosin, and a high molecular weight actin-binding protein were extracted from rabbit alveolar macrophages with low ionic strength sucrose solutions containing ATP, EDTA, and dithiothreitol, pH 7.0. Addition of KCl, 75 to 100 mM, to sucrose extracts of macrophages stirred at 25 degrees caused actin to polymerize and bind to a protein of high molecualr weight. The complex precipitated and sedimented at low centrifugal forces. Macrophage actin was dissociated from the binding protein with 0.6 M KCl, and purified by repetitive depolymerization and polymerization. Purified macrophage actin migrated as a polypeptide of molecular weight 45,000 on polyacrylamide gels with dodecyl sulfate, formed extended filaments in 0.1 M KCl, bound rabbit skeletal muscle myosin in the absence of Mg-2+ATP and activated its Mg-2+ATPase activity. Macrophage myosin was bound to actin remaining in the macrophage extracts after removal of the actin precipitated with the high molecular weight protein by KCl. The myosin-actin complex and other proteins were collected by ultracentrifugation. Macrophage myosin was purified from this complex or from a 20 to 50% saturated ammonium sulfate fraction of macrophage extracts by gel filtration on agarose columns in 0.6 M Kl and 0.6 M Kl solutions. Purified macrophage myosin had high specific K-+- and EDTA- and K-+- and Ca-2+ATPase activities and low specific Mg-2+ATPase activity. It had subunits of 200,000, 20,000, and 15,000 molecular weight, and formed bipolar filaments in 0.1 M KCl, both in the presence and absence of divalent cations. The high molecular weight protein that precipitated with actin in the sucrose extracts of macrophages was purified by gel filtration in 0.6 M Kl-0.6 M KCl solutions. It was designated a macrophage actin-binding protein, because of its association with actin at physiological pH and ionic strength. On polyacrylamide gels in dodecyl sulfate, the purified high molecular weight protein contained one band which co-migrated with the lighter polypeptide (molecular weight 220,000) of the doublet comprising purified rabbit erythrocyte spectrin. The macrophage protein, like rabbit erythrocyte spectrin, was soluble in 2 mM EDTA and 80% ethanol as well as in 0.6 M KCl solutions, and precipitated in 2 mM CaCl2 or 0.075 to 0.1 M KCl solutions. The macrophage actin-binding protein and rabbit erythrocyte spectrin eluted from agarose columns with a KAV of 0.24 and in the excluded volumes. The protein did not form filaments in 0.1 M KCl and had no detectable ATPase activity under the conditions tested. | 124,734 | [
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Control of normal differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells. VI. Inhibition of cell multiplication and the formation of macrophages. | D+ but not D- myeloid leukemic cells can be induced by the appropriate conditioned medium or by serum from endotoxin treated mice, to undergo cell migration in agar, cell attachment to the surface of a Petri dish and differentiation to mature macrophages and granulocytes. Inhibition of cell multiplication by cytosine arabinoside, hydroxyurea, mitomycin C, thymidine, 5-bromodeoxyuridine, 5-iododeoxyuridine, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine or actinomycin D, but not by vinblastine or cycloheximide, induced cell migration, cell attachment to the Petri dish and the formation of macrophages in D+ cells. There was no induction of cell migration or formation of macrophages and a much lower induction of cell attachment in D- cells. The induction of these changes in D+ cells required protein synthesis and the inhibitors showed the same toxicity for D+ and D- cells. The results indicate, that the inhibitors induced specific surface membrane changes in D+ but not in D- cells. | 124,742 | [
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Mixed lymphocyte culture determinants and C2 deficiency: LD-7a associated with C2 deficiency in four families. | Four families with C2 deficiency were studied. Among eight HL-A haplotypes involved with C2 deficiency, five were HL-A 10,W18. Three homozygotes for C2 deficiency from different families were mutually nonreactive in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) and the heterozygotes from the fourth family failed to react to the homozygous cells. It appeared that identical MLC determinants were associated with all the genes from the different families that related to C2 deficiency. Further experiments identified the MLC determinant, LD-7a, as being involved. These results suggest marked linkage disequilibrium between the genes for C2 deficiency and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Studies of possible recombinants have offered tentative evidence for the positioning of the locus for C2 deficiency with respect to other segments of the MHC. | 124,762 | [
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[Depression of contractile function and decrease of the effectiveness of oxygen utilization during compensatory heart hypertrophy]. | Heart hypertrophy was produced in rats by creating a coarctation of the aorta 4 months prior to the experiment. The conducted study of the contractile function and oxygen consumption in isolated working hearts demonstrated a marked decrease in the contractile function of the hypertrophied hearts, as compared to the intact ones. Oxygen utilization, however, remained in these preparations equal to that in the controls: hence, the efficacy of oxygen utilization per unit of function was decreased. At the same time, the process of mobilization--glycogen re-synthesis--is highly activated, and glycolysis--accelerated. In order to explain these phenomena it was postulated that the falling efficacy of oxygen utilization and glycogenolysis activation may be caused by a growing calcium concentration in the myoplasm due to the progressive decrease of the capacity of the calcium pump of the sarcoplasmatic reticulum in the process of heart hypertrophy development. | 124,793 | [
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[Blindness according to the law in Schwerbeschädigten-Gesetz, Schwerbehinderten-Gesetz, Bundessozialhilfe-Gesetz and Bundesversorgungs-Gesetz (author's transl)]. | It is possible to calculate the granulation of disturbances of vision in combined disturbances (reduction of central vision and visual fields defects) with the aid of the tables in the "Anhaltspunkte für die ärztliche Gutachtertätigkeit im Versorgungswesen". The total disability with 160% is equal to the disturbance of visual acutiy of 1/50. | 124,797 | [
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[Discrepant findings between esophagoscopical and x-ray examination on the search for varicose veins of the esophagus (author's transl)]. | In a comparising study of 191 liver-patients, who were laparoscopical and most of them histological examined, the results of registrated varicose veins of the esophagus by x-ray and fiber-esophagoscopical examination were compared. Between x-ray and esophagoscopical examination in our material was a discrepancy in 29,3% of the cases (suspect findings were counted positive). The question was posed, if the premedication with spasmolytical substances and tranquillizers gives the wellknown advantages for the esophagoscopical examination compared with the x-ray examination by relaxation of the esophaguswall and thereby combined with a better visuability of the varicose veins. In the proposed analysis showed still 19,9% of the cases a positive result by esophagoscopical examination by negative x-ray finding, and there was only in 9,4% of the cases a positive finding by x-ray examination by simultaneous negative esophagoscopical result. Other comparising studies by equal pharmacological conditions (premedication!) are urgently necessary to get better results of examination and perhaps to eliminate or at least reduce the discrepancies between endoscopical and x-ray examination. | 124,812 | [
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[Glycolic acid/polymer as suture material]. | Tissue reactions to polyglycol acid and plain catgut threads were compared. The second part of the paper deals with changes in the mechanical properties of the polymer. Their reduction after insertion in tissues was proportionally equal for threads of different sizes. This finding is explicable histologically, since it can be shown that cell and humoral attack of the single filaments is homogenous throughout the entire cross-section of the thread. | 124,829 | [
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Failures of laparoscopy sterilization. | Female sterilization by laparoscopy has become widely accepted throughout the United States and Europe. The failure rate of this procedure is still speculative. In the course of 4200 operative sterilization, 32 failures have been identified and 31 of these have been subsequently evaluated. The most common finding was inadequate or superficial fulguration and resection. Operative errors such as round ligament fulguration were also more common than expected. | 124,835 | [
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[Comparative evaluation of several methods of identifying leishmania]. | A parallel study of 25 strains of Flagellata isolated from 6 species of sand flies was carried out by means of biotest, Adler's serological method modified by Safjanova and "temperature" method. It was established that the use of several methods for the identification of Leishmania allows more reliable results to be obtained. The differentiation of strains with the "temperature" method can be done over a relatively shorter period of time. | 124,844 | [
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[Possible causes determining the developmental rhythm of populations of the nasopharyngeal gadfly of sheep, Oestrus ovis L. (Diptera, Oestridae)]. | On the basis of observations undertaken in Azerbaijan and available literary data the author considers the hypotheses concerning the reasons causing the delay of the Ist instar larvae development and determining the age structure changes in population of Oestrus ovis L. within a year. The main reasons are as follows: factors depending on the population density at the larval phase, the light day duration within the life cycle of the botfly females. | 124,845 | [
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Effect of glucose on the utilization of palmitate 1 14C by rat kidney cortex slices. | The authors studied the effect of glucose on the uptake and utilization of palmitate 1 14C by rat kidney cortex slices. They found that its inhibitory effect on free fatty acid (FFA) uptake was caused by inhibition of the incorporation of 1 14C-labelled palmitate into the total lipids and FFA and by reduced oxidation to 14CO2. Glucose has a regulative function in the utilization of FFA by the kidneys. | 124,890 | [
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One-stage reconstruction for exstrophy of the bladder in girls. | In an African female infant with exstrophy who was a candidate for complete reconstruction of the urinary tract, pelvis, and abdominal wall, the treatment program was simplified by performing iliac osteotomies at the same time as the other repairs, using a single transverse lumbosacral incision for access. A series of 3 wire loops held the symphysis in apposition. A plaster spica, followed by a plaster girdle, minimized the tension on the pubic wires. We believe that we obtained, by this method, superior strength and a better appearance of the abdominal wall and perineum. | 124,897 | [
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HL-A LD (lymphocyte defined) typing: a rapid assay with primed lymphocytes. | When human lymphocytes are cultured for 9 to 14 days with stimulating cells of a family member differing by a single HL-A haplotype they become "primed" to recognize specific HL-A LD (mixed lymphocyte culture) antigens. These primed lymphocytes respond specifically and rapidly when "restimulated" with cells of a person that contain the same LD antigens as those of the priming haplotype. Specific HL-A LD antigens can be detected within 24 hours by this primed LD typing. | 124,948 | [
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Adenosine diphosphate effect on contractility of human muscle actomyosin: inhibition by ethanol and acetaldehyde. | Magnesium adenosine triphosphate (Mg-2+-ATP) is known to produce dissociation of muscle actin and myosin in vitro, while its hydrolysis leads to reassociation. The interaction of purified actin and myosin from human muscle, in the presence of Mg-2+-ATP, was stimulated by minute amounts of adenosine diphosphate (ADP), a product of ATP hydrolysis. By contrast, the dissociation of the actomyosin complex was inhibited by ADP. These data suggest that ADP serves to modulate muscle contraction. Ethanol and its primary metabolite, acetaldehyde, inhibited these effects of ADP. The inhibition was reversible when the preparations were freed of these compounds. The effects of ethanol and acetaldehyde on the response of actomyosin to ADP may play a role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic myopathy and cardiomyopathy. | 124,949 | [
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A case of Marfan's syndrome with absent right coronary artery complicated by aortic dissection and right ventricular infarction. | The first patient to be reported with Marfan's syndrome and an absent right coronary artery is described. Dissection of the ascending aorta was associated with right ventricular infarction which was probably due to the coronary artery anomaly and caused his death. | 124,959 | [
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[Light- and electronmicroscopic findings in nine auto-alloplastic vascular grafts (Sparks-Mandril) (author's transl)]. | Auto-alloplastic arterial prostheses with a dacron mesh of 1 or 2 layers according to Sparks were investigated by light and electron microscopy after variable times of incorporation and perfusion. At the end of the organization-period the characteristic structure of the wall is composed of three layers. The interior layer is adapted to the form of the mandril, which holds the place of the lumen, the medial layer is formed according to the inforcing dacron-mesh. With increasing duration of incorporation the granulation tissue shows somewhat less inflammatory cells and capillaries and more collagen fibres. There were some characteristic disturbances of healing only partly due to infection, which resulted in focal or total necrosis of the granulation tissue: Not all of these findings were of clinical importance. Already after a perfusion time of 10 months an atherosclerosis of variable degree was found. This atherosclerosis started from mural thrombi and showed in the electron microscope proliferations of modified smooth muscle cells. Advantages and disadvantages of the autoalloplastic arterial prostheses are discussed. | 124,963 | [
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The in vivo inhibition of tumor growth by ruthenium red: its relationship with the metabolism of calcium in the tumor. | Ruthenium red shows antitumor activity on experimental tumors. This growth inhibition seems to be related with the impairment of Ca-2+ transport both at the mitochondrial and at the cell membrane level. A sex influence modifying this inhibition and the systemic effects has been observed. | 125,011 | [
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A fluid-filled intrauterine device: initial clinical trials. | Initial clinical trials of a saline-filled IUD were conducted with 697 women (397 nulliparas and 307 multiparas) experiencing 6,672 woman-months of use. The cumulative rates for multiparas were: pregnancy 1.5, expulsion 10.5, medical removal 10.9, continuation 68. For nulliparous women the rates were: pregnancy 4.3, expulsion 19.4, medical removal 14.3, continuation 58. Efforts are being made to modify the geometry and content of this IUD to decrease the expulsion rate and removals for bleeding. | 125,043 | [
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Controlled test of anthelmintic activity of levamisole administered to calves via drinking water, subcutaneous injection, or alfalfa pellet premix. | A controlled test of the activity of 3 formulations of levamisole, at the dose level of approximately 8 mg/kg, against naturally occurring infections of gastrointestinal parasites and lungworms was made in 24 calves allotted to 4 groups of 6 calves each. Levamisole was administered to group I calves in the drinking water, to group II calves by subcutaneous injection, and to Group III calves by feeding alfalfa pellets mixed in corn silage; group IV calves were nontreated controls. Group I calves consumed the medicated water between 4 hours and 20 minutes and 9 hours and 40 minutes; group III calves consumed the medicated feed within 2 hours and 15 minutes. For calves of group I, II, and III, removals of 4th-stage Ostertagia sp were 64, 23, and 0%; of mature Ostertagia ostertagi, 90, 93, and 83%; and of mature Trichostrongylus axei, 92, 99, and 92%, respectively. For all 3 treated groups of calves, removal was 100% for 4th-stage Cooperia sp and for mature Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Cooperia oncophora, Cooperia punctata, and Oesophagostomum radiatum. Removals of Dictyocaulus vivipara were 90, 90, and 94% for calves of groups I, II, and III, respectively. There was no evidence of toxicosis. At necropsy, 2 calves in group II had small areas of edema at the sites of injection of levamisole. | 125,055 | [
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Size of adipose cells in infancy. | Seventy-three samples of adipose tissue from 59 infants, aged from 25 weeks' gestation to 18 months of age, were obtained at necropsy, or at operations, or by needle biopsy. Adipose cell size was measured by microscopy. During fetal life the mean cell diameter increases from about 40 mum at 25 weeks' gestation to 50-80 mum at term. Adipose cells from the buttocks are larger than those from abdominal wall. After birth, adipose cell size continues to increase so that by 3 months the mean cell diameter is about 90 mum. Observations made on infants that had been born preterm showed that the growth of adipose cells proceeds at the same rate whether development in intrauterine or extrauterine. | 125,072 | [
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[Family studies for detection of latent psoriatics by assay of alterations in steroid metabolism (author's transl)]. | In psoriasis changes of the DHEA metabolism could be demonstrated. These genetically determined basic alterations may represent an important factor for the manifestation of psoriasis. They consist of a decreased penetration of DHEA through the cell membrane and an increased reduction of DHEA to ADIOL, leading to a reduced DHEA/ADIOL ratio. In the present investigations the question was whether the assay of these parameters may aid in the detection of latent psoriasis. For this purpose 31 members form 6 unselected families of psoriatics (8 manifested psoriatics, 18 potential psoriatics, 5 clinically and anamnestically healthy family members by marriage) as well as 6 further controls were examined. It could be shown that those changes in the DHEA metabolism, which are evident in manifested psoriatics also occur at least in part of potential psoriatics. However, both parameters investigated do not always behave the same way. Hence, from the present data a satisfactory diagnosis of latent psoriasis does not seem possible. Still, the estimation of the above parameters may aid in the attempts to define latent psoriasis. Further investigations of such families are warranted for final elucidation of this problem. | 125,074 | [
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The localisation of sorbitol pathway activity in the rat renal cortex and its relationship to the pathogenesis of the renal complications of diabetes mellitus. | A series of in vivo and in vitro investigations was performed to examine the localisation of sorbitol pathway activity in the rat renal cortex and to investigate the possible relation that the acculumation of sorbitol pathway intermediates in renal cortical tissue may have to the pathogenesis of renal complications in diabetes mellitus. Neither of the sorbitol pathway intermediates, sorbitol or fructose, were detected either in intact glomeruli which had been isolated from rats rendered chronically diabetic with streptozotocin, or in metabolically active glomeruli which had been incubated in vitro in high glucose media. Such data agreed with previously published observations that the enzyme aldose reductase is not present in renal glomeruli, and suggested that changes in sorbitol pathway activity cannot be directly related to the pathogenesis of diabetic glomerulosclerosis. Sorbitol was detected in low concentrations (3.1 mu-mol/g protein) in cortical tubules which had been isolated from the renal cortex of rats rendered chronically diabetic with streptozotocin. This concentration of sorbitol was higher than that in the intact renal cortex of the diabetic animal (0.3 mu-mol/g protein) or in the cortical tubules of non-diabetic animals (0.5 mu-mol/g protein). It is apparent that the renal cortical tubule is a major site of sorbitol pathway activity in the renal cortex. However, there is presently no obvious causal relationship between the accumulation of such relatively low concentrations of sorbitol in the renal cortical tubule and the pathogenesis of glomerulosclerosis or cortical tubular lesions in diabetes. | 125,079 | [
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Relationship between intracellular K+ concentrations and K+ fluxes in growing and contact-inhibited cells. | The K+ content and the K+ flux were measured in the cell lines ME2 and MF2 isolated from plasmocytoma MOPC 173. Both cell lines were shown to have the seem K+ content and the same K+ steady state flux per unit of surface area. In ME2 cells, no modification of the exchange movement was observed during contact inhibition. However, contact-inhibited cells exhibited an increased resistance to depletion, characterized by a lower K+ net movement. The (Na+ plus K+)-ATPase measured in homogenates is poorly correlated to in vivo cation fluxes both because of the enhancement due, presumably, to the drop of K+ concentration on the cytoplasmic face of the membrane and because of losses during preparation which can be conspicuous, especially in contact-inhibited cells. The K+ net flux is considerable increased when the intracellular K+ level is reduced after preincubation of the cells in a K+ -free medium. Thus, internal K+ seems to regulate the K+ influx. | 125,110 | [
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[Symbiotic efficiency in spontaneous mutants of Rhizobium legumino-sarum resistant to streptomyocin, spectinomycin, or kanamycin]. | Symbiotic effectiveness of 45 mutant strains selected from four wild effective strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum for resistance to streptomycin, spectinomycin or kanamycin was determined on Vicia faba. Loss of effectiveness occurred in twenty of these mutants; distribution of ineffective mutants was uniform among the three types of antibiotic resistant mutants but varied with the parent strain from which mutants have been derived. | 125,155 | [
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... |
Electrophysiologic and pathologic correlations in two cases of chronic second degree atrioventricular block with left bundle branch block. | This study concerns two cases of chronic 2 degrees atrioventricular (A-V) block with left bundle branch block (LBBB). Pathological studies included serial section of the conduction systems. Case 1 had type I 2 degrees block with LBBB. Electrophysiological studies revealed type I 2 degrees block proximal to the His bundle recording site and a prolonged H-V interval (60 msec). Pathologically there was a moderate to marked fibrosis of the approaches to the A-V node and of the A-V node, marked fibrosis of the left bundle branch, and moderate involvement of the right bundle branch. The changes proximal to the His bundle were more marked than the changes distal to this bundle. Case 2 had type II and 2:1 2 degrees A-V block with LBBB. Electrophysiologically the site of block was distal to the His bundle recording site, and there was a prolonged A-V node and severe involvement of both bundle branches. The changes distal to the His bundle were more severe than the changes proximal to the His bundle. This study reveals that the electrophysiologic data more closely approximated the pathologic findings than did surface electrocardiographic data alone. It also emphasizes that there may be multiple sites of disease in chronic 2 degrees block with bundle branch block. | 125,157 | [
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Effect of duration of insulin deficiency on membrane-bound and free ribosomes from livers of diabetic rats. | In order to define the effect of duration of diabetes on hepatic protein sysntesis, membrane-bound and free ribosomes were isolated from livers of rats, 3, 7 and 28 days after administration of intravenous streptozotocin (75 mg/kg). Hepatocytes from the same rats were subjected to ultrastructural quantitative analysis. By day 3 there was a significant loss in the amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) per volume cytoplasm; however, the normal ratio of membrane-bound ribosomes per unit length of membrane was maintained. These hepatocyte ultrastructural changes continued over the ensuing four weeks. In spite of this decrease in amount of RER, in vitro protein synthetic activity of hepatic membrane-bound polyribosomes was unchanged from controls at three days, and by 28 days protein synthetic activity of bound hepatic ribosomes from diabetic rats was almost twice that of normal controls (p less than .01). In contrast to the effect of diabetes on bound ribosomes, there was no change in protein synthetic activity of free polyribosomes isolated from livers of rats, 3, 7 or 28 days after induction of diabetes. Thus, the effect of any given degree of diabetes on hepatic protein synthesis appears to vary with the population of hepatic ribosomes being studied, and with duration of insulin deficiency. | 125,211 | [
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Influence of mixtures of taurocholate, fatty acids, and monolein on the toxic effects of deoxycholate in rat jejunum in vivo. | The influence of mixtures of taurocholate (TC), oleic acid (OA), caprylic acid (CA), and monolein (MO) on the toxic effects of deoxycholate (DC) in rat jejunum have been investigated using both a closed loop and perfusion technique. DC induced net secretion of water and electrolytes, inhibited glucose transport and transmural potential difference (PD), and inactivated mucosal "total" and (Na+ -K+)-adenosine triphosphatase. Secretion was reversed to absorption when the instilled or perfused solutions were composed of mixtures of DC, TC and OA; substitution of MO or CA for OA produced a similar effect. DC-induced inhibition of PD, glucose absorption, and mucosal adenosine triphosphatase activity was abolished when DC was mixed with TC and OA. Oleic acid emulsions had no effect on secretion induced by DC. Absorption of DC was inhibited from mixed micellar solutions (TC, OA, DC) but not from pure micellar solutions (TC, DC). These results indicate that the presence of taurocholate and fatty acids or monolein within the intestinal lumen markedly modify a number of the toxic effects of DC on jejunal function. The clinical effects of DC on intestinal function in man may therefore depend on the relative concentrations of other bile salts and lipids within the intestinal lumen. | 125,213 | [
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Sex chromatin and cytogenetic survey of 10417 adult males and 357 children institutionalized in Belgian institutions for mentally retarded patients. | A survey of adult male immates of the major institutions for mental patients in Belgium was undertaken in 1965. Out of 10417 males examined 61 had positive sex chromatin (5.8%); 201 had bilateral small testis (1.9%), 4 hypogonad patients carried a D/D translocation. Out of 857 karyotyped children, 2.9% carried an autosomal or sex-chromosomal anomaly other than trisomy G. This prevalence of chromosomal anomalies in children with low I.Q. (less than 50) emphasizes the need for further studies. | 125,226 | [
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