title stringlengths 0 901 | abstract stringlengths 3 9.89k | PMID int64 22 25.3M | embedding listlengths 768 768 |
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Automated method for the determination of niacin and niacinamide in cereal products: collaborative study. | In a collaborative study, an automated method for the determination of niacin and niacinamide in cereal products was compared with the official final action microbiological (43.121-43.125) and chemical (43.044-43.046) methods. Ten samples of cereal products, including enriched flour, yeast-leavened baked products, fortified breakfast cereals, and baked pet food products, were submitted to 14 laboratories. Nine laboratories reported values by the automated method, 6 reported values by the microbiological method, and 7 reported values by the chemical method. The results from the microbiological method were not subjected to analysis of variance because of the unusually large between-laboratory variation. The between-laboratory coefficients of variation for the automated and chemical methods were 10.90 and 10.18%, on the basis of results from 7 and 4 laboratories, respectively. There was no significant (p greater than 0.05) difference between methods when results from the 4 laboratories who used both methods were compared. The automated chemical method has been adopted as official first action. | 125,257 | [
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Isolation and characterization of proteoglycans from the swarm rat chondrosarcoma. | Proteoglycan monomer (D1) and aggregate (A1) preparations were isolated from 4 M guanidinium chloride extracts of the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma. When EDTA, 6-aminohexanoic acid, and benzamidine were present in the solutions, the D1 preparation contained a single component (SO = 23 S), and the A1 preparation contained 30% monomer (SO = 23 S) and 70 percent aggregate (SO = 111 S). In the absence of EDTA, 6-aminohexanoic acid, and benzamidine, the A1 preparations contained only small proteoglycan fragments, indicating that extensive enzymatic degradation had occurred. The composition of the proteoglycan monomer was different from that of proteoglycan monomer preparations from normal hyaline cartilages in that it did not contain keratan sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate; only chondroitin 4-sulfate was found. The A1 preparation from the chondrosarcoma contained only one link protein, which was like the smaller (molecular weight of 40,000) of the two link proteins present in A1 preparations from bovine nasal cartilage. When the A1 preparation from the chondrosarcoma was treated with chondroitinase ABC and trypsin and the digest was chromatographed on Sepharose 2B, a complex was isolated which contained the link protein and the segments of the protein core from the hyaluronic acid-binding region of the proteoglycan molecules. | 125,282 | [
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The substructure of heavy meromyosin. The effect of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on the tryptic fragmentation of heavy meromyosin. | Heavy meromyosin, obtained by tryptic digestion of myosin, containing two main polypeptides whose masses were estimated as 81,000 and 74,000 dlatons from Na dodecyl-SO4 polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was further digested with trypsin. The Ca2+-activated ATPase activity remainded unchanged and the K+-EDTA activity increased while various smaller fragments were formed. The formation of some of these fragments is affected by Ca2+ or Mg2+ as first shown by Bálint et al. (Bálint, M., Schaefer, A., Biro, N. A., Menczel, L., AND Fejes, E. (1971) J. Physiol. Chem. Phys. 3, 455). On the basis of the time course of the appearance of fragments the following relationship emerges: see article. The 64K leads to 60K step is inhibited by divalent cations, while the breakdown of the 74K fragment is accelerated. The effect of Ca2+ was maximal at 0 similar to 0.1 muM, that of Mg2+ at 10 muM. The original light chains of myosin are not present in the heavy meromyosin serving as the starting material, but peptide material appears on electrophoresis in positions starting material, but peptide material appears on electrophoresis in positions where the light chains would be found. The fragments marked by an asterisk are considered to ba alpha-helical on the basis of their solubility at low ionic strength after precipitation with ethanol (Bálint et al.). The fact that alpha helical fragments are derived from the 60,000-dalton fragment indicateds that it is adjacent to the light meromyosin in the intact myosin while the 74,000- dalton fragment would be part of heavy meromysoin subfragment 1. Chromatography of Sephadex G-200 separates fractions with ATPase activity corresponding to heavy meromyosin and heavy meromyosin subfragment 1. Electrophoresis of these Sephadex fractions suggests that the main peptide constituting heavy meromysoin subfragment 1 is connected by noncobalent forces to a portion of the rod that is not immediately adjacent to it in the primary sequence. The significance of this finding is discussed in terms of the flexibility of the myosin head. | 125,283 | [
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Immune complexes in sera and synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Radioimmunoassay with monocylonal rheumatoid factor. | Evidence for the presence of immune complexes in blood, synovial fluid, and tisues of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) includes low complement levels in blood and effusions, deposition of immunoreactants in tissues and vessel walls, precipitate formation after addition of monoclonal rheumatoid factor (mRF) to serum or synovial fluid. To quantitate immune complex-like material in RA patients, we developed a radioimmunoassay based on inhibition by test samples of the interaction of (125I)aggregated IgG (agg IgG) and mRF coupled to cellulose. This method could measure immune complexes of human antibody with hemocyanine prepared in vitro. The assay was not influenced by presence of polyclonal RF in test samples, nor by freezing and thawing. Normal levels of immune complex-like material in serum were less than 25 mug agg IgG EQ/ML. 12 of 51 RA sera examined (26%) contained more than 25 mug/ml. The presence of this material in RA sera was found to correlate with severity of disease, as measured by anatomical stage and functional class. There was an inverse correlation of the material with serum C4 level. Rheumatoid synovial fluids generally contained higher levels than serum, and five of 23 contained very much higher levels. The frequency of elevated levels of immune complex-like material in sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (2 of 29) and with miscellaneous vasculitides (2 of 21 was much lower than in RA, suggesting that mRF exhibits a specificity for only certain kinds of immune complexes. The reason for this apparent specificity may explain such distinctive features of RA as the high frequency of polyclonal RF, the lack of immune complex nephritis, and the generally normal levels of serum complement. | 125,289 | [
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Studies on the mechanism of inhibition of the red cell metabolism by cardiac glycosides. | The purpose of this work was to test the previously suggested hypothesis that the inhibitory effect of ouabain on lactate production in human red cells is due to an interaction between phosphoglycerate kinase and (Na+ + k+)-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Na+,K+ATPase). An antibody to red cell phosphoglycerate kingase caused complete inhibition of the purified enzyme, whereas a portion of the phophoglycerate kinase activity of the red cell membranes was resistant to the antibody. When increasing amounts of the purified enzyme were added to the membranes, the antibody-resistant portion of the activity increased. The effects of the antibody and ouabain on lactate production from fructose-6,6-diphosphate in red cell hemolysates were studied. Ouabain, at a maximally effective concentration, produced about 30% inhibition of lactate formation. This value was doubled in the presence of the antibody. Red cell membranes, and rat brain Na+,K+-ATPase, did not catalyze the hydrolysis of 1,3-diphosphoglycerate. Ouabain did not affect the reactions of the Rapport-Luebering pathway of the red cells. These findings provide further support for the view that in red cells a membrane pool of phosphoglycerate kinase is oriented in the vicinity of Na+,K+-ATPase in a way that the product of each enzyme may be used as the immediate substrate of the other and that ouabain inhibits glycolysis by removing the regulatory effect of Na+,K+-ATPase on that portion of glycolysis which is channeled through this pool of phosphoglycerate kinase. | 125,326 | [
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Echocardiographic classification of hypertensive heart disease. A correlative study with clinical features. | Forty patients with systemic hypertension were classified into 4 types based on the left ventricular echocardiographic findings. Patients with normal left ventricular echogram, type I, showed little clinical symptoms and signs of hypertensive involvement. Higher systolic pressure and marked hypertensive retinal and renal changes were observed in patients with symmetric hypertrophy of the left ventricle, type II. Congestive heart failure was dominantly present in those with dilatation of the left ventricle, type IV. High voltages and marked ST-T changes in electrocardiogram were usually found in patients with asymmetric septal hypertrophy, type III, while retinal and renal damages were mild. Left ventriculograms obtained from 6 cases in type III also revealed hypertrophy of the interventricular septum and one of them demonstrated left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. These cardiac features in type III, which are quite similar to those in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, seemed to be a secondary change induced by systemic hypertension on the basis of some predisposition. | 125,353 | [
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The effect of continued cigarette smoking on the patency of synthetic vascular grafts in Leriche syndrome. | The effects of continued smoking were studied in 187 consecutive patients who underwent aorto-iliac or aorto-femoral grafting because of Leriche disease and who left the hospital with well-functioning grafts. The patients were divided into the following groups: (1) never smoked, (2) stopped smoking after the operation, (3) continued to smoke less than a pack a day and (4) continued to smoke more than a pack a day. The patency of the grafts was evaluated at regular intervals during a follow-up period ranging from 6 months to 10 years. A significant difference in the patency in the favor of the nonsmokers was found, with the "more than one pack a day" group having more than triple the occlusion rate of the nonsmokers, both absolutely and in month-patency time. We recommend that the surgeon make a most sincere effect to induce patients undergoing vascular operations for occlusive vascular diseases to give up smoking. Failure to promise to stop the smoking habit should be regarded as a relatively strong contraindication for surgery in patients not directly threatened with loss of an extremity. | 125,365 | [
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Female sterilization. II. A comparison of methods. | An analysis was made of 1757 female sterilization procedures performed over a 5 1/2-year period. The majority of these were accomplished by one of 8 technics: puerperal abdominal tubal ligation (TL), cesarean section plus TL, hysterotomy plus TL, interval abdominal TL, colpotomy TL, laparoscopic TL, vaginal hysterectomy, and abdominal hysterectomy. The various technics have been compared with respect to 55 variables. The procedures having the shortest hospital stay, lowest morbidity, lowest blood loss, and shortest operating time were interval laparoscopic TL, colpotomy TO, and puerperal abdominal TL. The more major procedures were attended by significantly more morbidity and longer hospitalization and should be used only when specific indications justify the increased cost and risk. | 125,399 | [
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Composite materials for dental implants. | The requirements of endosteal dental implants are unique and stringent. The materials currently applied to implantation do not offer convincing evidence of satisfying these needs. This preliminary study reports on attempts at developing materials which would aid in obtaining a mucosal seal to maintain the integrity of the osseous, periosteal, and submucosal compartments from the oral environment and the attachment to bone as related to stress distribution. The materials that were under study were ceramic bonded to base metals and Dacron. | 125,400 | [
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Changes in pancreatic tryptophan in the rat in response to fasting. The effect of B-cytotoxic agents and variation through the oestrous cycle. | The concentration of tryptophan not incorporated into protein or polypeptides in the pancreas of male rats rose two- to three-fold in response to a 24 hrs period of food deprivation. On refeeding or intra-peritoneal administration of glucose the level of tryptophan in the pancreas fell, while that in the serum rose. The pancrease B-cytotoxic agents alloxan and streptozotocin both abolished this response to fasting, while neutral red (an A-cytotoxic agent) had no effect. It therefore appears that the tryptophan which accumulates in the pancreas during fasting is located mainly in the B-cells of the Islets of Langerhans. In female rats, the concentration of tryptophan in the pancreas was greater at dioestrus than at any other stage of the oestrous cycle. The increase in pancreatic tryptophan was maximal at metoestrus and minimal at oestrus. | 125,406 | [
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[Mannonidosis. Apropos of 5 cases]. | Mannosidosis remains an extremely rare entity (9 published cases). Our personal experience, based upon 5 cases, suggests that the diagnosis may be based upon both positive as well as negative clinical and paraclinical data, which differentiate the disorder from other diseases which it resembles. The use of simple methods--thin layer chromatography of oligosaccharides and measurement of serum mannosidase at pH 3.5 and 4.5--render diagnosis easy. It should, however, be mentioned that there exists no valid treatment for this apparently autosomal recessive disorder but that ante-natal detection is theoretically possible. | 125,411 | [
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The assessment of histocompatibility by mixed lymphocyte reaction as measured by the macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) test. | The mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) between donor and recipient lymphocytes has been measured by the macrophage electrophoretic mobility (MEM) test and the modified (MOD-MEM) test. Its value as a measure of compatibility has been assessed by comparison with conventional HL-A serotyping and with the outcome of renal transplantation. Thirty-six living donor/recipient pairs and 59 cadaver donor/recipient pairs for transplantation have been studied. Whilst uniovular twins gave lymphocyte interactions, measured as macrophage slowings of about 1%, the slowing produced by paired allogeneic lymphocytes ranged from 2% to 26% depending on the number of HL-A matches. The test measurement of lymphocytic interaction was significantly correlated with histocompatibility measured by HL-A serotyping, in both living and cadaver donors. One way MEM-MLR showed the dominant role of the second HL-A sublocus in mixed lymphocyte reactivity. The long term success of the renal graft correlated with the pre-transplant initial reaction between donor and recipient lymphocytes. The test has advantages in the field of human histocompatibility assessment since no particular reference to individual antigens is made and it may be performed in a matter of hours. | 125,469 | [
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Cerebral atherosclerosis and its relationship to selected diseases in Nigerians: a pathological study. | Factors which are known to be associated with cerebral atherosclerosis were evaluated in Nigerian Africans. Of 465 autopsied adult Nigerians, 62 (13%) had cerebral atherosclerosis. The frequency and severity of atherosclerosis among Nigerians with hypertension, particularly male subjects, were higher than in normotensives. Although there was a similar frequency of hypertension among autopsied Nigerian and Minnesota Caucasian populations, the severity and extent of atherosclerosis were greater in the Minnesota Caucasian populations, the severity and extent of atherosclerosis were greater in the Minnesota population. The relatively short duration of hypertension in the Nigerian before death might be an important factor which did not permit progressive development of cerebral atherosclerosis. Other factors which predisposed the Nigerian to increased frequency and severity of atherosclerosis included increased heart weight and diabetes mellitus. The relatively low frequency of cerebrovascular disease in the Nigerian may be explained on the basis of a low degree of cerebral atherosclerosis and relatively short duration of hypertension. | 125,475 | [
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[Sodium reabsorption and the membrane systems of vertebrate kidneys]. | Sodium reabsorption is low in coldblooded animals (the lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis, red salmon Oncorhynchus nerka, carp Cyprinus carpio, frog Rana temporaria, tortoise Agryonemis horsfieldi) being much higher in warmblooded ones (chicken, pigeon, rat). High level of Na transport in warmblooded animals is paralleled by high activity of succinate dehydrogenase as compared with the activity of Na,K-ATPase. The content of monoenoic fatty acids in the glycerophosphatides from frog and tortoise kidneys is higher than that from pigeon and rat ones. | 125,513 | [
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Fractionation of proteoglycans from bovine corneal stroma. | Proteoglycans were extracted from bovine corneal stroma with 4M-guanidinum chloride, purified by DEAE-dellulose chromatography (Antonopoulos et al., 1974) and fractionated by precipitation with ethanol into three fractions of approximately equal weight. One of these fractions consisted of a proteoglycan that contained keratan sulphate as the only glycosaminoglycan. In the othertwo fractions proteoglycans that contained chondroitin sulphate, dermatan sulphate and keratan sulphate were present. Proteoglycans which had a more than tenfold excess of galactosaminoglycans over keratan sulphate could be obtianed by further subfractionation. The gel-chromatographic patterns of the glucosaminoglycans before and after digestion with chondroitinase AC differed for the fractions. The individual chondroitin sulphate chains seemed to be larger in cornea than in cartilage. Oligosaccharides, possibly covalently linked to the protein core of the proteoglycans, could be isolated from all fractions. The corneal proteoglycans were shown to have higher protein contents and to be of smaller molecular size than cartilage proteoglycans. | 125,581 | [
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Stimulation of glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis by amyloid fibrils. | Since amyloid-laden organs have an increased glycosaminoglycan content, the effect of amyloid fibrils on glycosaminoglycan metabolism by normal fibroblasts was examined. In comparison with controls, synthesis of glycosaminoglycans, primarily hyaluronic acid, was increased by an average of 48 and 93% respectively when 0.1 and 1.0 mg of amyloid fibrils/ml was added to the cultures. | 125,588 | [
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Seborrhoeic keratoses and carcinoma of the large bowel. Three cases exhibiting the sign of Lester-trélat. | Three patients who rapidly developed multiple seborrhoeic keratoses and were found to have adenocarcinoma of the large bowel are described. In two cases the discovery of the neoplasm was prompted by skin manifestations. | 125,606 | [
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Complementarity in the regulation of phosphoglucomutase, phosphofructokinase and hexokinase; the role of glucose 1,6-bisphosphate. | ATP and citrate, the well known inhibitors of phosphofructokinase (ATP: D-fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.11), were found to inhibit the activities of the multiple forms of phosphoglucomutase (alpha-D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate: alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.5.1) from rat muscle and adipose tissue. This inhibition could be reversed by an increase in the glucose 1,6-bisphosphate (Glc-1,6-P2) concentration. Other known activators (deinhibitors) of phosphofructokinase, viz. cyclic AMP, AMP, ADP or Pi, had no direct deinhibitory action on the ATP or citrate inhibited multiple phosphoglucomutases. Cyclic AMP and AMP, could however lead indirectly to deinhibition of the phosphoglucomutases, by activating phosphofructokinase which catalyzes the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of glucose 1-phosphate to form Glc-1,6-P2, the la-ter then released the multiple phosphoglucomutases from ATP or citrate inhibition. The Glc-1,6-P2 was also found to exert a selective inhibitory effect on hexokinase (ATP: D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) type II, the predominant form in skeletal muscle. This selective inhibition by Glc-1,6-P2 was demonstrated on the multiple hexokinases which were resolved by cellogel electrophoresis or isolated by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Based on the in vitro studies it is suggested that during periods of highly active epinephrine-induced glycogenolysis in muscle, the Glc-1,6-P2, produced by the cyclic AMP-stimulated reaction of phosphofructokinase with glucose 1-phosphate, will release the phosphoglucomutases from ATP or citrate inhibition, and will depress the activity of muscle type II hexokinase. | 125,609 | [
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Improved purification and partial characterization of (Na+, K+)-ATPase from cardiac muscle. | A method is described for purification of (Na+, K+)-ATPase which yielded approximately 60 mg of enzyme from 800 g of cardiac muscle with specific activities ranging from 340 to 400 mumol inorganic phosphate/mg protein per h (units/mg). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated the presence of a major 94 000 dalton polypeptide and four or five lesser components, one of which was a glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 58 000. The enzyme preparation bound 600-700 pmol of [3H]ouabain/mg protein when incubated in the presence of either Mg2+ plus Pi, or Mg2+ plus ATP plus Na+, and incorporated more than 600 pmol 32P/mg protein when incubated with gamma-32P-labelled ATP in the presence of Mg2+ and Na+. The preparation is approximately 35% pure. | 125,612 | [
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Spectinomycin in gonorrhoea. | Of 104 male and nine female patients with uncomplicated acute gonorrhoea who were treated with spectinomycin (males 2 g., females 4 g.), two patients (one male and one female) were considered to be treatment failures. No conclusions can be drawn from the small numbers of female patients investigated. Of the 104 male patients, 93 were followed for 2 weeks or more, giving a failure rate of 1-1 per cent. The drug was well tolerated. Sensitivity tests were carried out on 44 strains of N. gonorrhoeae; 42 strains were sensitive to 2-5 mug./ml. spectinomycin and all strains were sensitive to 5 mug./ml. | 125,619 | [
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[Unusual clinical forms of pseudo-LE syndrome: an induced immune-complex disease? (author's transl)]. | Two of nine patients with pseudo-LE syndrome had previously undescribed organ manifestations. In one there was the full-blown picture of cutaneous lupus erythematodes, with renal and CNS involvement, ending fatally. Immunohistologically there was severe vasculitis and nephritis, histologically generalised necrotizing angitis. It is possible that the dramatic clinical picture was due to alpha-methyldopa. In the second case lymphadenopathy with bihilar involvement and splenomegaly predominated. Histologically there was no evidence of Boeck's sarcoid. Further studies revealed systemic involvement with immune-complex nephritis, electron-dense deposits in the glomerular basal membrane, and the typical changes of lupus erythematodes in the marrow. In a third case there were similar changes in kidney and marrow. These findings support the view of an immune-complex disease which can be fatal. An unusual feature in seven of the nine patients was the proven intake of Venopyronum¿ coated tablets in temporal relationship to the manifestation of the disease. It is possible that the described cases of pseudo-LE syndrome were drug-induced. The immunological mechanism of the disease would, in that case, be analogous to penicillamine nephropathy. | 125,641 | [
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The treatment of horses with chronic back pain by resecting the summits of the impinging dorsal spinous processes. | This paper describes the surgical treatment of 14 horses exhibiting chronic back pain attributed to impaction and overriding of the dorsal spines in the thoracolumbar region. The technique involved the resection of the summits of one or more dorsal spines following midline division of the supraspinous ligament. All the horses returned to full work after a convalescent period of at least four months, and 12 of them showed considerable improvement in their form and performance. A post-surgical complication encountered in one case was the development of new bone on the edge of a resected spine. This lesion, which pressed on the dorsal spine immediately caudal to it, was removed subsequently at a second operation and no further sequelae occurred. | 125,651 | [
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[Xero-radiography of the thorax(author's transl)]. | In over 150 patients, comparative chest examinations were carried out using films and xerography. The following results were obtained: Using xerography, image quality depends significantly on the size and shape of the imaging structure and on its marginal sharpness. Using a sectional technique and xerography, pulmonary vessels, bronchi, hilar structures and various linear changes are more clearly demonstrated than with ordinary film. Xerography has no advantage in showing changes occupying a large area. Routine use of xerography for chest examinations is limited by the size of the selenium plates and the higher radiation dose required. | 125,685 | [
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ATPase activity in flagella from Euglena gracilis. Localization of the enzyme and effects of detergents. | The biochemical effects of some detergents on the ATPase activity of isolated flagella from Euglena gracilis are related to morphologic obliterations induced by those detergents. Enzymic activity can be localized by electron microscopy along the microtubules and also on the paraflagellar rod. The nonionic detergent digitonin solubilizes the enzyme linked to dyneinic arms, whereas the activity linked to residual structures appears enhanced. These results support the hypothesis that the paraflagellar rod may be a structure activity related to the motility of this type of flagellum. | 125,790 | [
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Production of ring-shaped particles by normal and metaplastic tissue. I. Human skin. | Maintenance media incubated with biopsy specimens of human skin tissues contained minute (10-12 nm wide), ring-shaped particles (RSP) similar to those described previously in culture media of mammalian cell lines. In addition to the qualitative demonstration of the particles by electron microscopy, a quantitative method was applied to estimate in media the amount of DNA that could be attributed primarily to RSP content. The amounts of DNA, obtained with 146 test specimens, varied with the pathologic condition of the tissue in the following ascending order: normal skin, verruca vulgaris, seborrheic verruca, actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. | 125,799 | [
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[The problem of tracheal stenosis following laryngectomy (author's transl)]. | The striking frequency of tracheal stenoses following laryngectomy gave reason for considerations on the typical causes. In our case-materials 9 tracheal stenoses were observed following 229 laryngectomies during the period from 1952 to 1972. Two of these cases represent typical stenoses produced by pressure. Within a short period of time, from 2 days up to 6 months after operation the 7 remaining cases represented marked tracheal stenoses with the mucosae showing no signes of irritation. These stenoses had been registered since 1965 only, i.e. after the introduction of the general application of insufflation anesthesia in every case of laryngectomy at our clinic. These observations gave reason for supposing that the procedure of anesthesia had to be seen as responsible for the development of tracheal stenoses. Under unfavourable circumstances during operation, even if the tube is inserted for a short period of time the anemising pressure effect of the cuff of the tube might - beside other wellknown factors - produce damages on the tracheal wall. | 125,823 | [
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[The prognosis of the noise-induced permanent hearing-loss (author's transl)]. | Basing on a microscopic study the question was explored whether a TTS is found in the high-frequency range after exposure to a low-frequency tone or not. Such a depression is demonstrable after several registrations with automatic audiometry. This depression is significantly higher in the average of normal-hearing persons than in noise-resistant men (having a normal threshold after working in noise for many years). Also after the exposure the spikes of the Békésy-audiogram are significantly smaller in the noise-resistant men than in the control-group. Paying attention to both parameters the significance is 1%. Therefore the investigation of the high-frequency-range after exposure to a low-frequency tone seems to be a method of prediction of PTS. | 125,828 | [
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Thalamocortical relations in the brain of the frog, Their role in the genesis of epileptic electrographic phenomena. | The existence of a thalamocortical reverberating circuit between the dorsal thalamic and primordial hippocampal structures could be proved in the brain of the frog (Rana temporarial) by evoking recruiting potentials. Unlike the turtle, this circuit does not take part in the genesis of electrographic phenomena in the corticogram of the frog under normal resting conditions. Spindle activity could not be observed in the EEG of curarized frogs. On the other hand, thalamic structures can influence paroxysmal susceptibility of the frog forebrain. The generation of the penicillin focus could be accelerated and paroxysmal electrographic activities elicited by iontophoretic application of penicillin into dorsal thalamic structures and/or rhythmic electric stimulation of this region. The features of thalamocortical cooperation in the frog and in the turtle have been compared. | 125,882 | [
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Effect of hyperbarism on collagenous protein metabolism in granulation tissue. | Rats with subcutaneously implanted polyurethane sponges were exposed 6 hours daily for 7 days to high ambient atmospheric pressures (1.5, 2, 2.5 and 3 ATA). Another group was exposed 4 hours daily for 4 weeks to 3 ATA before inducing granulation tissue formation. 14C-proline was administered 16 hours before terminating the experiment. Free hydroxyproline, soluble and insoluble collagen and total noncollagenous protein were isolated from the 7-day granuloma and the amount and radioactivity of 14C-hydroxyproline and 14C-proline were determined. Seven days' graduated hyperbarism did not affect collagen synthesis; the maturation of collagen to insoluble forms was inhibited at 2 and 2.5 ATA, but not at 3 ATA. Stimulated degradation of collagen (free hydroxyproline) was observed at 2, 2.5 and 3 ATA. In animals subjected to long-term exposure at 3 ATA pressure, the collagen in the granuloma matured to insoluble forms more quickly. Biochemical changes were correlated with changes in the fine structure of the granulation tissue. The appearance of the fibroblast proteosynthetic apparatus was not influenced by hyperbarism. Progressive spherical transformation, fusion of mitochondria and lysosomal activation in the pericapillary fibroblasts occurred at 2, 2.5 and 3 ATA. In short-term experiment, the formation of cytosegresomes and cellular necrosis also contributed to the effect at 3 ATA, which is thus already a toxic pressure for granulation tissue. | 125,887 | [
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Ultrastructure of ovarian teratomas in LT mice. | Stem cells of these tumors formed nests consisting of undifferentiated embryonic cells in the center with more differentiated cells towards the periphery. A type viral particles were seen in the cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Ultrastructurally the stem cells of ovarian teratomas did not differ from stem cells of testicular or embryo-derived teratomas. They were however distinct from the cleavage stage embryonic cells and/or the unfertilized ovum, they stemmed from. They correspond both cytologically and developmentally to ectodermal embryonic cells from the egg-cylinder, the most advanced developmental stage of parthenotes observed previously in the ovary of LT mice. | 125,956 | [
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Structure-response relationships in noctuid sex pheromone reception. An introductory report. | Electroantennogram (EAG) data reflecting response spectra of male pheromone receptors have been analyzed for 16 species of Noctuidae (Lepidoptera). The test compounds included 100 pheromone analogues, altered in chain length, in position and configuration of double bond(s), and in the functional end groups. On comparison of amounts of substance required to elicit an equivalent EAG response, a single compound was determined to be most effective on a given species: these structures, either known or proposed as the natural sex pheromones of the species, were cis-7-dodecen-1-y1 acetate, cis-7-tetradecen-1-y1 acetate, cis-9-tetradecen-1-yu acetate, trans-9-tetradecen-1-y1 acetate, cis-11-hexadecen-1-y1 acetate, cis-9, trans-12-tetradecadien-1-y1 acetate, cis-9-tetradecen-1-y1 formate, and cis-9-tetradecen-1-ol, respectively. Elongation (shortening) of the chain by 1 or 2 methylene groups, the movement of a double bond 1 carbon from the optimum, a change to the opposite geometrical isomer, or the introduction of a second double bond invariably reduced EAG responses to 1.8 to 56 times below that observed with the most stimulating compound, in all 16 species. Further alterations in chain length or in double bond position caused even greater reduction in activity, as did certain in end group (Tables I and II). A set of distinct rules could be derived from these structure-response relationships; one of these rules concerns the optimum position of the double bond(s) in relation to chain length, and another one the ratios in activity values produced by end group variations, irrespective of chain length. The same rules described here for 16 noctuid species held also for the structure-response relationships observed within various additional groups of Lepidoptera. From EAG values determined in this study, an attempt has been made to calculate physicochemical propteries of underlying acceptor structures. | 125,976 | [
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[Contribution to the subacute necrotic myelitis (Foix-Alajouanine) (author's transl)]. | A case of a 54 years old man with an acute lumbalgia in result of heavy labour is described. With in 7 years he developed a progressive paralysis of the upper and lower motor neuron type and an insensibility of the inferior extremities. The protein content of the cerebrospinal fluid was increased. The cells were insignificantly increased in number. No tumour was detected. The man died at the age of 62 on intoxication by infected decubitus and focal pneumonia. Autopsy revealed subacute necrotic myelitis (Foix-Alajouanine) with enlarged, varicose, and thickened extramedullary veins of the sacral, lumbal, and lower thoracic spinal cord, which was soft and diminished in size. In the grey and white matter of the cord, there were found more numerous and more prominent vessels like an angioma capillare et venosum; complete and incomplete necrosis was observed, partially with plasmatic infiltration. Some nerve cells were still present. Nerve fibres without myelin mantle were found in the spinal cord as well as in the spinal roots. The authors support the suggestion that the subacute necrotic myelitis results from a dysgenesis of the spinal venous vessels. | 125,994 | [
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Host resistance in sepsis and trauma. | Host resistance to infection was measured by the in vivo response to 5 delayed hypersensitivity antigens and to sensitivity and challenge by dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) in 55 seriously ill or injured patients and in 50 preoperative patients. A close correlation between infections, septicemia, death related to infection and anergy was found in the postoperative and post injury patients and was predictive of these complications in the patients studied preoperatively. Decreased body cell mass was noted in both the anergic and non-anergic patients which was consistent with protein-calorie malnutrition but the two groups were not significantly different. A serum factor which inhibited cellular immunity in vitro was found in 4 patients. This factor disappeared in the two patients who recovered. The study suggests the therapeutic value of the in vivo measurement of delayed hypersensitivity in seriously ill and especially preoperative patients in whom specific or non-specific stimulation of cell mediated immunity might alter the risk of infection. | 126,046 | [
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Pharmacologic effects of apomorphine in rats with altered level of brain serotonin. | The influence of inhibitors and precursors of serotonin synthesis on motor stimulation, hypothermia and apomorphine-induced stereotypy was studied. The results are discussed with reference to the previously expressed suggestion of a modulating role of serotonin on the mechanism of apomorphine-induced motility and in apomorphine-induced hypothermia. | 126,051 | [
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Alzheimer degeneration in Down syndrome. Electrophysiologic alterations and histopathologic findings. | Progressive electroencephalographic disorganization and decreased voltage amplitude in the late components of the averaged visual evoked potentials were recorded in the last two years of life of a patient with Down disease and Alzheimer degeneration. Taken together with quantitative histopathologic findings, the electrophysiologic alterations are interpreted in terms of recent evidence from an experimental animal model of dementia. Neurons with neurofibrillary degeneration become electrically inactive and contribute to the loss of voltage generators associated with neuron death in Alzheimer disease. Loss of voltage generators may result in disfacillitation and disinhibition of surviving neurons, thus causing the loss of normal rhythms. | 126,052 | [
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Clinical trial of glibornuride in diabetes. | Glibornuride is an addition to the second-generation sulphonylureas, that has been shown in clinical trials to be effective and non-toxic. Twenty-three diabetics who were poorly controlled on other oral hypoglycaemic agents and seven newly diagnosed diabetics were treated with glibornuride. The efficacy and lack of toxicity of this drug was confirmed, but there was no evidence to suggest that it is significantly more potent than other sulphonylureas. It does not seem to represent a significant therapeutic advance. | 126,099 | [
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Lepromatous leprosy presenting with polyarthritis, myositis, and immune-complex glomerulonephritis. | A Pakistani man aged 19 years was admitted to a rheumatological unit in the United Kingdom with acute widespread polyarthritis accompanied by night sweats and fever. Preliminary examination suggested Reiter's disease, but further investigation showed acute glomerulonephritis with uraemia. The possibility of periarteritis nodosa, and the prominence of muscle tenderness in the legs, led to biopsies of striated muscle and skin, in both of which were changes typical of lepromatous leprosy, with many Mycobacterium leprae on Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Serum showed IgG-IgM cryoglobulinaemia without antiglobulin activity, and in the recovery phase renal biopsy showed a resolving proliferative glomerulonephritis with linear IgG and IgM immunofluorescence and granular deposits of C3. Clinical signs subsided rapidly under steroid treatment and subsequent progress on anti-leprosy drugs was uneventful. The term erythema nodosum leprosum is inadequate and misleading as a title for a common and important immune-complex reaction of lepromatous leprosy, in which numerous body systems may be involved. | 126,102 | [
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Age related changes in the synthesis of connective tissues in the rabbit. | The synthesis of collagen and non-collagen proteins was studied in rapidly growing male New Zealand rabbits. Animals were divided into sexually immature (i.e. 4 and 8 week old) and mature (i.e. 15 and 26 week old) groups. Comparisons of aorta, lung, and liver protein synthesis and accumulation were made to determine the effect of aging on both collagen and non-collagen proteins. In all tissues there appeared to be an age-related decrease in the relative percent of collagen synthesized. In the lung and liver the relative decrease in percent collagen synthesis resulted from an age-related increase in the synthesis rate of non-collagen proteins. In the aorta the decrease in percent collagen synthesis was primarily a result of a dete of accumulation of tissue proteins correlates more directly with the growth and degree of differentiation of a tissue than with direct animal age. | 126,136 | [
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... |
Depressed duodenal calcium absorption in the diabetic rat: restoration by Solanum malacoxylon. | Duodenal calcium absorption is depressed in alloxan and streptozotocin diabetic rats taking normal amounts to dietary vitamin D. Depression of absorption appears to be at least in part the result of altered metabolism of vitamin D with failure to form 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2D3), the vitamin D metabolite that acts directly on duodenum to stimulate calcium absorption. The South American plant Solanum malacoxylon causes extensive soft tissue calcification when ingested by cattle. An extract of this plant restores calcium absorption depressed by dietary strontium blockage of 1,25-(OH)2D3 formation in chicks. We gave an aqueous extract of S. malacoxylon to diabetic rats and restored duodenal calcium absorption to normal. These findings provide further evidence of the ability of a factor in the S. malacoxylon extract to mimic the actions of 1,25-(OH)2D3 on duodenal calcium transport and reinforce the hypothesis that abnormal vitamin D metabolism is an important determinant of depressed duodenal calcium absorption in diabetes. | 126,146 | [
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Regulation of muscle contraction: bindings of troponin and its components to actin and tropomyosin. | The bindings of troponin components to actin and tropomyosin has been studied by cosedimentation with actin and affinity chromatography. It is shown that troponin binds to actin and tropomyosin in the presence and absence of calcium but the binding to actin is sensitive to ionic strength. Troponin-I + C binds to actin-tropomyosin in the absence of calcium but not to actin or tropomyosin alone. Troponin-I binds to actin and the binding is improved in the presence of tropomyosin even though troponin-I does not bind to tropomyosin alone. Troponin-C does not bind to actin or tropomyosin. The results suggest that the binding of troponin by actin is influenced by tropomyosin. A model of regulation by troponin is proposed. | 126,151 | [
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Morphogenesis of the membrane-bound electron-transport system in sporulating Bacillus megaterium KM. | The properties of electron transport systems present in soluble and particulate fractions of spores of Bacillus megaterium KM?HAVE BEEN COMPARED WIth those of similar fractions prepared from exponential-phase vegetative cells of this organism. The timing and localization of modifications of the electron transport system occurring during sporulation have been investigated by using a system for separating forespores from mother cells at all stages during development [8]. Spore membranes contained cytochromes a + a3, and o at lower concentrations than in vegetative membranes, and in addition cytochrome c, which was not found in exponential-phase vegetative membranes. An NADH oxidase activity of similar specific activity was found in both spore and vegetative membranes but DL-glycerol 3-phosphate and L-malate oxidase activities were found only in vegetative membranes. A soluble NADH oxidase of low specific activity was found in spores and vegetative cells which probably involves a flavoprotein reaction with oxygen because the activity was stimulated by FAD or FMN and difference spectra of concentrated soluble fractions showed spectra typical of a flavoprotein. Particulate NADH oxidase was sensitive to all classical inhibitors of electron transport tested whereas soluble NADH oxidase was insensitive to many of these inhibitors. Cytochrome c was formed between stage I and II of sporulation and this coincided with a five-fold increase in NADH-cytochrome c reductase activity. Forespore membranes had lower contents of cytochromes than sporangial cell membranes but similar levels of NADH and L-malate oxidases; DL-glycerol 3-phosphate oxidase activity could not be detected in either membranes by stage III of sporulation. This characterization of spore electron transport systems provides a basis for suggestions concerning initial metabolic events during spore germination and the effect of a number of germination inhibitors. | 126,154 | [
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Experimental results to immunomesenchymal suppression. | Wet weight of cotton-pellet granuloma and 35SO4-uptake in the acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPS) of granulation tissue of rats and the number of plaque forming cells (PFC) of mice were investigated after the treatment with antilymphocyte globulin, prednisolone, cyclophosphamide and azathioprine. In this way, the effect of these substances could be observed in a mesenchymal reaction and in an immune reaction. The substances are mesenchymosuppressive as well as immunosuppressive, but the present results show that the effective dosage is higher for mesenchymal suppression than for immunosuppression. Antilymphocyte globulin did not cause an alteration of the 35SO4-uptake in AMPS. These experimental findings confirm the clinical experience in the treatment of the so-called autoimmunological diseases which are primary localized in connective tissue. These diseases need a higher dosage of cytostatic substances, glucocorticoids and antilymphocyte globulin in times of acute inflammatory exacerbation than in the chronic phase. | 126,213 | [
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[Systemic changes in occupational vitiligo]. | In three patients with occupational vitiligo caused by paratertiary butylphenol--the first cases observed in the BRD--a functional disorder of the liver was found. In two of these patients splenomegaly was seen. The laboratory findings, the laparoscopic examination and the result of the liver-biopsy are described. It is assumed that these changes as well as the depigmentation and a functional disorder of the thyroid (described elsewhere) are caused by the systemic action of inhaled paratertiary butylphenol. | 126,216 | [
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Mu-induced polarity in the Escherichia coli K-12 ent gene cluster: evidence for a gene (entG) involved in the biosynthesis of enterochelin. | A strain of Escherichia coli K-12 has been isolated that carries a Mu bacteriophage-induced mutation in the ent gene cluster. Nutritional tests together with examination of the compounds accumulated by the mutant strain indicated that the mutant was blocked both in the synthesis of 2,3-dihydroxy-benzoate and its subsequent conversion into enterochelin. Enzymic complementation assays of the mutant with several mutants each affected in one of the ent genes showed that the Mu-induced mutant was entA-, entB-, entC+, entD+, entE+, and entF+. Since the mutant produced the entD, entE, and entF gene products but was unable to produce enterochelin from 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate, it must therefore be affected in an additional protein concerned with this conversion. It is therefore postulated that the Mu-induced mutation affects a previously unrecognized gene, entG. Genetic experiments indicate that the mutation in strain AN462 which affects the three ent genes is the result of a single insertion of Mu in the ent gene cluster. This polarity mutant therefore provides evidence that three of the ent genes are part of an operon. | 126,224 | [
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Purine base transport in Neurospora crassa. | Observations presented in this paper point to the presence of dual transport mechanisms for the base adenine in Neurospora crassa. Competition for transport, as well as growth inhibition studies using an ad-1 auxotroph, show that the purine bases adenine, guanine, and hypoxanthine share at least one transport mechanism which is insensitive to adenosine, cytosine, and a variety of other purine base analogues. On the other hand, uptake of adenine by an ad-8 mutant strain unable to transport [8-14C]hypoxanthine at any concentration was not inhibited by guanine or hypoxanthine. This observation demonstrates the existence of an adenine-specific transport system which was also found to be insensitive to inhibition by other purine base analogues, adenosine or cytosine. Recombination analysis of ad-8 by wild-type crosses showed that the inability to transport [8-14C]hypoxanthine was a consequence of the ad-8 lesion or a closely linked mutation. Saturation plots of each system gave intermediary plateaus and nonlinear reciprocal plots which, based on comparison with pure enzyme kinetic analysis, suggest that either each system consists of two or more uptake systems, at least one of which exhibits cooperativity, or that each system is a single uptake mechanism which possesses more than two binding sites where the relative affinity for the purine base first decreases and then increases as the sites are filled. | 126,225 | [
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[Comparative study of 4 types of polyester arterial prostheses]. | The authors report a comparative study of 4 types of arterial prosthesis made of polyester. After implantation in the dog, the superiority of unfolded Rhodergon velvet prostheses was shown. They have excellent qualities for tissue reconstruction owing to presence of histological structures characteristic of large caliber arteries and absence of histological changes and hemorrhagic suffusion after the 12 th month following insertion. | 126,247 | [
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Simple amidase test for identification of mycobacteria. | A modified amidase test for differentiation of mycobacteria is described. A total of 224 atypical mycobacteria, 154 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and 26 M. bovis strains were classified by this procedure. Of the 404 strains of various species studied, 400 exhibited an amidase spectrum identical to the established pattern. The simplicity of this method may promote its application in routine examinations. | 126,248 | [
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Measles infection of human mononuclear cells. I. Acute infection of peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes. | A study of the susceptibility of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to measles virus infection and replication is reported. Resting lymphocytes obtained from adults showed very low levels of infection and virus replication while lymphocytes activated by plant mitogens or allogenic lymphocytes supported mononuclear cells obtained from the umbilical cord of healthy neonates were more susceptible to measles virus infection than those of adults; however, activated cord lymphocytes supported viral replication in the range observed with adult activated lymphocytes. Monocytes obtained from adults were relatively resistant to measles virus infection and replication while neonatal cord blood monocytes supported viral replication to the degree observed with activated lymphocytes. It is hypothesized that infection of acitivated lymphocytes may explain the depression of cell-mediated immunity seen during acute measles virus infection. The significance of the finding that neonatal monocytes are more susceptible to viral infection and replication than adult monocytes is discussed. | 126,271 | [
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[Dyskinetic lesions of the left ventricle wall. Electrocardiographic data]. | The study of the electrocardiogram in 87 cases of dyskinetic lesions of the left ventricule, including ventricular aneurysms and plaques of post-infarction dyskinesia, all of which underwent surgery, showed a correlation between the size of the dyskinetic lesion and the number of ST elevations in the electrocardiogram which is closer than the correlation between this size and the height of ST elevation. | 126,414 | [
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[Treatment of hemophilia by self-infusion: clinical and psychological approach (author's transl)]. | Twenty-seven hemophiliacs between the ages of 12 and 17 volunteered in a self-infusion training program. An attempt was made to define a teaching method. It consisted of teaching them about the disease so as they would be able to recognise the site of their bleeding and the limitations of self-treatment. They also acquired dexterity in infusing themselves with various antihemophilic factor concentrates. Systematic clinical and psychological studies were undertaken and showed that this method of treatment gave a considerable improvement of the overall disability. At the same time the number of transfusions almost doubled. Self-treatment has been found successful among children over 13 years of age who are strongly motivated, intelligent, sensitive, and able to adapt themselves to concrete situations. This training has failed in 30% of the children in whom psychological disturbances have been found. In spite of this failure, a psychological improvement was noted. | 126,421 | [
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[Effects of various adsorbants on coagulation factors (author's transl)]. | Adsorption of clotting factors by various adsorbants is studied (tricalcium phosphate, baryum sulfate or carbonate or citrate, calcium oxalate, aluminium hydroxyde and several silicate such as: kaolin, celite, bentonite, attapulgite, beidellite, asbestos). The main properties of each adsorbant are listed as well as several applications such as: selective adsorption of fibrinogen, separation between fibrinogen and factor VIII, separation of factor II from the other components of the prothrombin complex. Activation of factors XII and XI by the various silicates, as well as the activation of factor V by attapulgite are studied. Finally, the action of such adsorbants on the fibrinolytic system is summarized. | 126,430 | [
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Role of B cells in the expression of the PPD response of human lymphocytes in vitro. | Human blood lymphocytes were tested for their proliferative response to purified protein derivative (PPD) in vitro. Purified T cells showed a lower response than the orginial purified lymphocyte suspension. Purified B cells were unresponsive to PPD. Mixtures of preparations of T and B cells were stimulated to a greater extent by this antigen than anticipated by adding the responses of the two cell types tested separately. This cell synergy could largely be explained by soluble factors released by PPD-stimulated T cells, which were found to be mitogenic for B cells. | 126,490 | [
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Light and electron microscopic observations on the carotid bodies of rats following adaptation to high altitude. | The carotid bodies of rats were investigated by light and electron microscopy following adaptation to a simulated altitude of 7000 m. Some animals were studied immediately after readaptation to sea-level, other groups up to 41 days later. The animals of the first group show enlarged glomera with dilated capillaries as reported earlier. The type-I-cells are large with a light staining cytoplasm. The lobular configuration of the glomus is lost and intracapillary platelet thrombosis are frequently found. Under these thrombi there is usually a chief cell degeneration with edema and vacuolisation. There is also a noticeable decrease in so-called catecholamine bodies and the remaining ones are usually arranged along the cell borders. Electron microscopically the intercapillary tissue reveals an increase in collagen material partially replanning lost chief cells. Essentially unaltered sustentacular cells frequently enclose with their processes only collagen bundles and nerve fibres. During 41 days following the readaptation there is a narrowing of capillaries and vacuolisation, swelling and thromboses are no longer observed. The amount of collagen, however, remains the same. Dense cored vesicles again increase in number and the chief cells show a prominent interdigitation. Light microscopically the restoration to normal appears to be almost complete. Fine structural analysis, however, shows an appearently permanent distortion in the composition and cellular arrangement of the glomus. | 126,519 | [
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Tissue specificity of the epidermal chalones. | An increasing body of evidence indicates that the rate of cell renewal in labile and stable cell populations is regulated according to a negative feedback principle. Water extracts of such tissues contain mitosis-inhibiting substances (chalones) that probably represent the chemical signals in these cell populations. Tissue specificity is one of the theoretical prereguisites of the chalones but has not been proven in many cases. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the tissue specificity of some chalones, with special emphasis on the chalones found in keratinizing epithelium of the forestomach, and the epithelium of the crypts of jejunum and colon were chosen since they represent stady state systems with a well defined proliferating ppol... | 126,520 | [
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Serum IgD and IgE in rheumatoid arthritis. | Serum immunoglobulins IgD and IgE have been determined by a single radial immunodiffusion technique and a radioimmunoassay method in serum samples from 95 rheumatoid patients, 5 subjects with Sjögren's syndrome and 50 healthy controls, and compared with levels of IgG, IgM and IgA fractions measured in the same subjects. The IgD and IgE serum content resulted similar in the rheumatoid, Sjögren's and control sera. No correlation of IgD and IgE values with changes of other immunoglobulins or with the activity and the duration of the rheumatoid disease was observed. | 126,543 | [
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Endotoxin-like properties of the peptidoglycan. | Peptidoglycan is responsible for the endotoxin-like properties of the streptococcus cell wall. The pyrogenic response of rabbit to group A streptococcus peptidoglycan prepared by hot formamide or TCA is dose-dependent and is increased if the material is ultrasonically solubilized. The pyrogenicity can be eliminated by the antiserum to the peptidoglycan or by the degradation of the material by lysozyme. Peptidoglycans prepared from cell walls of group B and L streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae produce fever effects comparable to the response after group A streptococcus peptidoglycan. Spirillum serpens and Escherichia coli contain in addition to endotoxin the peptidoglycan which is also pyrogenic. Repeated injections of bacterial peptidoglycan to rabbit result in tolerance to the fever effect. Cross-tolerance was recorded only exceptionally. Rabbits tolerant to endotoxin respond with a lower fever to S. aureus and group A streptococcus peptidoglycans. Intravenous administration of peptidoglycan to rabbit causes extensive alterations in the heart characterized by various stages of the degenerative and necrotic process. Local Shwartzman reaction can be elicited in rabbit by peptidoglycan used either as a preparative or as a provocative dose in combination with endotoxin, or it can be used for both doses. The results obtained with peptidoglycans prepared from various bacteria are fully comparable. Non-specific resistance of mice to infection induced by streptococcus cell walls was found to be dependent on the peptidoglycan activity; cell wall proteins and polysaccharide are inactive. These properties of peptidoglycan resemble those known from endotoxin studies. The data presented suggest the role of peptidoglycan in pathological reactions resulting from host-parasite interaction. | 126,556 | [
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[The effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the blood circulation in the pulp]. | The physiological and pathological regulatory mechanism of the endodontal blood circulation are demonstrated by means of vital microscopy with special respect to the specific vasoactivity of the DMSO. The authors' evaluation of the results includes discussion of the potentially utilizable effects of DMSO, but also the negative sequelae of the carrier effect. | 126,610 | [
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[The fluoride content in the crowns of molars following application of fluoride-containing toothpastes]. | The paper describes chemical-analytical research into the fluorine content in the coronal parts of molars of rats after fluoride tooth-pastes made up of differing ingredients were used. On the basis of the findings, recommendations are made as to ways of clinically testing the tooth-pastes. | 126,615 | [
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Mechanical performance of surgical sutures. | A comprehensive analysis of the mechanical performance of sutures has been made to provide information concerning the reliability and security of knotted sutures. The tests utilized in this analysis were designed to be easily reproduced by other investigators. The construction of the knot and the knot performance analysis were undertaken utilizing an Instron Tensile Tester. The mechanical reliability of each knotted suture was determined by measuring the number of throws to reach knot break, the expected slippage of the knot when it reaches knot break, and the maximal holding force at knot break. On the basis of these measurements, recommendations are made for the use of a suture at operation. | 126,649 | [
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[Generalization of the experience of programmed control of the knowledge of students in normal anatomy]. | Due to increasing significance of application of programmed control of knowledge in the process of teaching students the development and use of such method has been undertaken at the Department of Normal Anatomy of the Pavlov First Medical Institute since 1968 for examining students of the first and second year. The method was used in combination with a usual traditional form of examining. Rapid "selection" of students satisfactorily prepared for further talk at the examination, objectivity of the mark and determination of questions which should be paid special attention at the second half of the examination are positive sides of the method. The article presents tables with results of programmed control of knowledge in anatomy of students of the first and second years of medical and stomatological faculties for the last 3 years. | 126,674 | [
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Glycosaminoglycans and acidic glycoproteins in rabbit uterus under estrogenic conditions. | Uterine slices obtained from the estrogen-treated rabbits were digested with pronase. Glycosaminoglycans and acidic glycopeptides were then isolated by Dowex 1 column chromatography and preparative electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membrane (Separax), in succession. Each subfraction thus obtained was identified by the mobility on Separax electrophoresis and the digestibility with mucopolysaccharidases (Streptomyces hyaluronidase, testicular hyaluronidase, chondroitinase AC, chondroitinase ABC and heparinase). The resulting data showed that each complex saccharide (hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate A, chondroitin sulfate C, dermatan sulfate, sulfated glycopeptide and sialoglycopeptide) was separated into 2-5 fractions, indicating charge and/or molecular heterogeneity of each complex saccharide. | 126,700 | [
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[Changes in rat hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal system after repeated ethanol administration]. | The histochemical, immunohistological and histoenzymatic study of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system of the rat shows that chronic ethanol administration induces: a temporary blockage of vasopressin synthesis, a vasoconstriction of the neurohypophysial capillaries, a dendritic storage of immunoreactive vasopressin. In our experimental conditions, a long ethanol treatment disturbs the balance between vasopressin synthesis and release. | 126,725 | [
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[Influence of interfering stimuli on contingent negative variation]. | The aim of this study was to examine the influence of interfering stimuli on subjects' C.N.V. With a labyrinthic stimulation before association S1-S2 and arithmetic calculation task between S1 and S2, the C.N.V. showed a statistically significant variation (P less than 0.025): it became prolonged after the response to S2. Provocation of a prolonged C.N.V. could be used as criterion to determine an individual threshold of stress. | 126,726 | [
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[Changes in ventilatory patterns before and after vagotomy in rabbits]. | Ventilatory pattern have been investigated during rebreathing experiments. Before vagotomy, a linear relation has been found between increasing tidal volume and decreasing inspiratory and expiratory durations. After vagotomy, these relations existed but expiratory duration remained almost constant. | 126,729 | [
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[Depigmentizing effect of a glucocorticoid applied topically to black giunea pig skin]. | A 33 p. cent triamcinolone acetonide in DMSO is applied on the skin of black guinea-pig to ascertain its depigmenting potency. Its action is characterised by a marked, but incomplete, reduction of melanocytes in the epidermis and in the hair. A comparison is made with an other previously experimented corticosteroid. | 126,741 | [
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[Effect of cannabis on learning in the cynocephalic monkey (Papio Papio)]. | Chronic treatment of monkeys with Cannabis reduce the speed of acquisition of learned behavior, yet, learning is nevertheless possible. After acquisition, Cannabis administration disturb the responses in the learning test. In this two experimental procedures, tolerance occurs to the effects of Cannabis. | 126,742 | [
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[Iodoamino acid composition of rat thyroglobulin of varying total iodine concentration and fractions isolated by isopycnic ultracentrifugation]. | Iodoaminoacid content (iodothyronines, T3 and T4, and iodotyrosines, MIT and DIT) has been determined in enzymatic hydrolysates of thyroglobulin Tg 19S of different iodine content (0.3-0.9%) isolated from equilibrium labeled rats. Preparative equilibrium centrifugation in RbCl density gradients of pure thyroglobulin was used to obtain protein fractions of largely different iodine content (0.2-1.2% I). Thin layer chromatography of total hydrolysates demonstrated that the distribution of iodoaminoacids depends on the total iodine content of each fraction. It is concluded, in agreement with previous results, that the native structure of Tg is an important factor in the regulation of hormone biosynthesis and that even at low iodination levels of Tg. T3 and T4 are synthesized. | 126,748 | [
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[Effect of phenoxybenzamine, propranolol and guanethidine after repeated administration on nutritional blood flow in rats]. | In anesthetized rats, after i.p. treatment during 4 days: phenoxybenzamine and guanethidine were hypotensive and increased nutritional blood flow in squeletal muscles; propranolol had a poor hypotensive effect and decreased nutritional circulation in heart, skin and intestine. | 126,751 | [
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[Mathematical study of estrogen-progesterone antagonisms in the golden hamster]. | By the test of experimental deciduomata in the golden Hamster we have built a curve of hormonal antagonism between estradiol benzoate, and progesterone for growthing doses. The mathematical treatment of this curve allows a comparison with the figure of an enzymatic inhibition reaction. | 126,764 | [
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[Study of sodium pump in erythrocytes with 22Na and 42K. I. Technics and results in normal people]. | An isotopic technique enabling the study of sodium and potassium flux rates in human red cells is reported. Nine normal patients have been studied for both isotopes. The results obtained are compared with those published in the literature. | 126,767 | [
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Aortic stenosis surgery in infancy. | During the past 14 years, 28 infants (23 males) underwent valvotomy for severe aortic stenosis at the Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston. The median age was two months and the oldest patient was six months old. Congestive heart failure was present in all but two babies. Preoperatively, the electrocardiogram was abnormal in all, with left ventricular hypertrophy and a strain pattern being present in 19. At cardiac catheterization, the peak systolic ejection gradient (PSEG) ranged from 35-130 mm Hg (median 90 mm Hg). Associated cardiac lesions were present in 39%. Twenty-four infants underwent valvotomy with inflow occlusion. Four patients were operated upon using cardiopulmonary bypass. There were eight early and two late deaths. The 18 survivors have been followed from six months to 11 years (median five years). Only four are symptomatic. Mild aortic regurgitation developed postoperatively in six patients, moderate in one and severe enough to require valve replacement in another one. The electrocardiogram improved postoperatively in 15 patients, but became entirely normal only in one. Five children required a repeat valvotomy for residual stenosis 1-10 years after the original procedure (median four years). At this second operation, the majority of the valves were flexible and noncalcified, and valvotomy was accomplished without difficulty. One child who underwent valve replacement for aortic regurgitation at age two years is well seven years later. | 126,821 | [
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Hemodynamics and annuloplasty in isolated mitral regurgitation in children. | Isolated mitral insufficiency in children is quantitated angiographically by comparing the stroke volumes of the right ventricle and left ventricle. The disease results in greater enlargement of the left atrium than of the left ventricle and is accompanied by a significant increase in left atrial "distensibility." Right and left heart pressures may be normal or may be increased; they tend to be elevated in the group with regurgitant fractions of over 50%. Annuloplasty results in marked clinical and hemodynamic improvement and may even be corrective. | 126,822 | [
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Rapidly progressive obstructive cardiomyopathy in infants with Noonan's syndrome. Report of two cases. | Two patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and Noonan's syndrome are presented. Both patients were found at postmortem examination to have gross malformation of the mitral valve and obliteration of the left ventricle due to muscle hypertrophy. Each case demonstrated similar clinical, echocardiographic, and angiographic findings. The poor response to medical and surgical therapy are noted. | 126,823 | [
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The role of low affinity antibody in immune complex disease. The quantity of anti-DNA antibodies in NZB/W F1 hybrid mice. | The level and avidity of anti-DNA antibody in the serum of New Zealand Black/White (NZB/W F1) hybrid mice has been determined. The results show that there is an age and sex-related variation in the avidity of this antibody. In mice of both sexes, the avidity of circulating anti-DNA antibody increases up to 5 months of age; thereafter the avidity falls with increasing age. These variations are more marked in males, but female mice consistently have lower avidity anti-DNA antibody than males. Thus the time of onset, time course and severity of the murine lupus syndrome in NZB/W F1 mice are associated with the presence of increasing levels of low avidity anti-DNA antibody in the serum. These results are discussed in the context of the possible role of low avidity antibody in immune complex disease. | 126,830 | [
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Characterisation of the major CNBr-Derived peptides of porcine type II collagen. | As part of a general study on the matrix macromolecules of pig cartilage, the CNBr-derived peptides of porcine type II collagen have been isolated from laryngeal cartilage and characterized. Type II was the only molecular type of collagen detected in laryngeal cartilage from 6-9 month old pigs. The major CNBr-peptides of this collagen were prepared by ion exchange and molecular sieve chromatography and characterized by SDS-polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis and amino acid analysis. Six peptides were recovered in high yield and were shown to be closely homologous to similar peptides previously recovered from bovine and human type II collagens. The largest peptide alpha1(II)CB10 appeared by SDS-disc electrophoresis to be slightly larger than previously reported. The amino acid composition of alpha1(II)CB10 supported this finding of a higher molecular weight. | 126,844 | [
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Effect of methysergide, a blocker of serotonin receptors, on plasma prolactin levels in lactating and ovariectomized rats. | The effect of methysergide (MES, 2.5 mg/100 g body wt), a serotonin antagonist, on prolactin release has been studied in lactating and ovariectomized rats. MES caused significant increases in prolactin release in both animals. Studies in ovariectomized, hypophysectomized rats indicate that this effect is not due to a decrease in the peripheral metabolism of prolactin. In vitro incubations of anterior pituitary fragments with MES failed to demonstrate any increase in prolactin release, suggesting that MES does not act directly on the anterior pituitary. Parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA; 32 mg/100 g body wt) decreased brain serotonin levels in ovariectomized rats 5, 24, and 70 h after its administration, yet did not alter plasma prolactin levels. L-tryptophan (6.3 mg/100 g body wt) given 1 and 1 1/2 h prior to sacrifice increased brain serotonin levels, yet did not affect plasma prolactin levels. Neither PCPA nor L-tryptophan altered MES-induced prolactin release. In lactating rats, suckling caused marked increases in plasma prolactin levels, an effect completely abolished by the administration of MES to the mother rats 3 1/4 h prior to suckling. However, MES-induced prolactin release was not altered by prior treatment with MES, either in lactating or ovariectomized rats. Others have shown that suckling releases prolactin through an excitatory serotonergic mechanism. Therefore, the failure of suckling to release prolactin in MES-pretreated rats suggests that MES can block brain serotonin receptors. However, the ability of methysergide to release prolactin in rats with serotonin receptors presumably blocked, suggests that the serotonin receptor-blocking and the prolactin-releasing actions of MES are not related. | 126,860 | [
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Amino-acid sequence of the cyanogen-bromide fragment from human plasminogen that forms the linkage between the plasmin chains. | The complete amino acid sequence of a cyanogen bromide fragment (122 residues) obtained from plasminogen is described. This fragment forms the overlap between heavy (A) and light (B) chains of human plasmin. The particular arginyl-valyl bond cleaved in the second step of the activation process is shown to be Arg98-Val99 in this fragment. This site is not very similar to the one in the NH2-terminal part of the molecule (Arg68-Met69). Remarkable homologies with the 'triple loops' ('kringle structures') found in the non-thrombin part of prothrombin are demonstrated. Homologies occurred during evolution of this chain. | 126,863 | [
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Influence of 1,3-butanediol on blood glucose concentration and pancreatic insulin content of streptozotocin-diabetic rats. | Male rats were made diabetic by intravenous administration of 75 mg/kg of streptozotocin and were fed, via a pair-feeding regimen, high-fat diets +/- 1,3-butanediol (BD) at 13.5 and 27% of the dietary calories for 30 days and 31 days, respectively. 1,3-Butanediol was added to the diets primarily as a replacement for fat. Food consumption and rat weight were recorded daily. Whole blood glucose concentrations were determined weekly. At sacrifice, liver, pancreas and epididymal fat pads were excised and blood samples were collected. Liver was analyzed for protein and lipid; pancreas was weighed and analyzed for insulin; fat pads were weighed and discarded; and blood was analyzed for glucose and lipid. The 13.5% BD diet increased the beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and cholesterol concentrations, decreased the glucose concentration in blood, and increased the insulin content of the pancreas. The BD diets did not affect the concentrations of phospholipid, triglyceride, cholesterol and fatty acid in the liver; fatty acid concentrations in the blood; or the epididymal fat pad weight. The results suggest that BD produced a slight amelioration of the diabetic condition, which may have resulted from an increased capacity of the pancreas to synthesize insulin. In addition, the data provide further evidence suggesting that in the rat BD is oxidized to the ketone bodies, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate. | 126,871 | [
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Ovarian delta-5-3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in aging rats. | Ovaries of rats 1, 2, 4, and 18 months old revealed significant delta-5-3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-OHSD) activity when dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), pregnenolone, and 16-dehydropregnenolone served as substrates. No enzyme activity was evident in ovaries 4 and 18 months of age when the substrates 17alpha-hydroxypregnenolone, pregnenolone sulfate, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate were used. A marked increase in enzyme activity occurred in the granulosae of mature vesicular follicles at 18 months of age. DHA, pregnenolone, and 16-dehydropregnenolone provided similar activities. On the other hand, interstitial enzyme activity exhibited an aging decline with DHA and 16-dehydropregnenolone but increased with pregnenolone. Corpora lutea were less evident in aging ovaries but did exhibit strong 3beta-OHSD activity when DHA was used. Pregnenolone use by corpora lutea was sharply increased in aging rats but no change occurred with 16-dehydropregnenolone. Thus aging was associated with changes in 3beta-OHSD distribution and use of steroid substrate; a change in function is suggested. | 126,872 | [
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The effects of thymidine and its analogues on the differentiation of antibody-forming cells. | Thymidine (Tdr) and its analogues 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdr) and 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdr) inhibited the development of antibody-producing cells (PFC) in cultures of explants of rabbit spleen stimulated with sheep red cells in vitro. They were effective in this respect, even at concentrations too low to inhibit cell division. The results indicated that Tdr had produced its effects by a selective action on DNA and RNA synthesis. In view of what is known about the mechanisms of action of Tdr and its analogues to interfere with DNA-dependent events in cells, these results supported the idea that DNA synthesis, unrelated to the needs for cell division, was required for the development of antibody-producing capacity by PFC in these cultures. | 126,887 | [
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0.05255865,
0.3446095,
-0.4917849,
-0.3094964,
-0.01400534,
0.1401575,
-0.2425561,
0.5962983,
0.5807001,
0.02944578,
-0.1450362,
-0... |
[Spontaneous peri-renal haematoma as a complication of chronic pyelonephritis]. | Three cases with spontaneous peri-renal haematomas, a rare complication of chronic pyelonephritis, are described. The clinical features and diagnosis of this condition are discussed with reference to these cases and the literature is reviewed. | 126,897 | [
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0.03742409,
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0.3622541,
0.08550222,
-0.076926... |
[Calcium "milk" in the kidney. (Five cases with hydronephrotic kidney)]. | A study of the literature has revealed 11 cases of calcium "milk" in hydronephroses. We have been able to observe five further cases in a period of 14 months. The criteria annunciated by Murray are stressed, since they will raise a suspicion of the presence of calcium "milk" on views taken with a vertical x-ray beam. In three patients, the cause of the hydronephrosis was a stone in the pelvi-ureteric junction. In the other two cases, there was a stenosis below the pelvis. Murray's criteria permitting identification of calcium "milk" with a vertical beam were analysed. Not all his criteria were found to be reliable. | 126,898 | [
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0.5090867,
-0.04106586,
-0.102677... |
[Neuromas and myomas of the stomach]. | Seven non-epithelial benign tumours of the stomach are described. The clinical and radiological features are compared with those described in the literature. Since it is not always possible to be certain of the benign nature of the lesion, and since they may give rise to life-threatening bleeding, resection is indicated in every case. High position of the tumour tends to indicate a benign lesion. | 126,909 | [
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0.2639495,
0.1266964,
0.04913272,
0.3111131,
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-0.00535017... |
[Roentgen kymographic investigations of gastric peristalsis after intravenous injection of caerulein]. | Caerulein is a decapeptide which combines the effects of gastrin and cholecystokinin-pancreozymin. It was injected intravenously in doses of 10 to 40 nanoponds caerulein per kilopond bodyweight in 37 patients and roentgen kymography of the stomach carried out before and after the injection. In 89% of the 36 cases which could be evaluated, it increased antral peristalsis. Amplitude and frequency were increased and the periodicity decreased correspondingly. The effect was more marked than that of pentogastrin, presumably because caerulein dose not affect duodenal acidity. The changes in motility therefore correspond with those produced by serotonin and cholecystokinin-pancreoxymin. Control examinations carried out under identical conditions, but without caerulein, showed no change in antral peristalsis. | 126,910 | [
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0.2264797,
0.4262964,
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0.2368648,
0.1280813,
0.1386499,
-0.2... |
[Endobronchial brush biopsy]. | Bronchial brushing under fluoroscopy control is used in the diagnosis of pulmonary lesions which are beyond reach of the bronchoscope. A small nylon or steel brush is passed through a bronchial catheter and tissue material from the lesion is taken for cytologic and bacteriologic studies. The technique described is easy to learn, relatively safe, is well tolerated by patients and gives good diagnostic results. | 126,922 | [
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0.1266453,
0.1232557,
0.5750892,
-0.02866979,
-0.0739581,... |
[New bases and theories from improving angio-cine-densitometry. II Improvements in the signal-to-noise ratio by the quotient method in cine densitometry]. | In radio-cine-densitometry, random variations can be smoothed and reduced in two ways: temporal (frame to frame) and spatial (each frame). Both methods may, however, alter the signal measurements. The advantage of quotient cine-densitometry depends on the elimination of interference or random variations without changing the signal. Elimination of the variations occurs during signal recording. Amongst others the following are eliminated: variations in mains voltage, uneven development, absorption by other tissues and organs. A more suitable signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained. If an artery or a vein are opacified simultaneously it is possible, by means of quotient cine densitometry, to distinguish the arterial and venous phase and to analyse these separately from the overlying tissues. | 126,934 | [
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0.2185614,
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0.1048003,
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0.2622283,
0.4882451,
0.2400992,
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0... |
Conformational differences in myosin, IV.[1-3] Radioactive labeling of specific thiol groups as influenced by ligand binding. | Changes in the mono- and divalentcation-stimulated ATPase activities of myosin progressively labeled with N-ethyl-[2,3-14C2]-maleimide were used to classify the readily reacting thiol groups into 3 types. The results show that one thiol-1 and one thiol-2 group are associated with each of the 2 active sites of myosin. Concentrations of KCl higher than 0.4M and/or temperatures above 10 degrees C lead to exposure of a variable number of thiol groups of a third class not affecting the enzymic properties. Although modification of thiol groups itself results in changes in structure and function of the protein, the patterns of incorporation of N-ethyl-[14C2]-malemide under various conditions of temperature, ionic strength and ligands bound to the protein revealed 9 different conformations of intact myosin. These were distinguished on the basis of the relative reactivity of the 3 different classes of thiol groups. The sequence of blockage of thiol groups reveals that cooperativity between the 2 active sites is induced by binding of a magnesium nucleotide complex to the protein. In the conformation of the long-lived myosin-product intermediate occuring during hydrolysis of Mg-ATP at 25 degrees C, 4 thiol groups of the third class react as well as or even more readily than those of the first and second classes. | 126,941 | [
-0.3029498,
0.2684713,
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0.25416,
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0.3457345,
0.5532957,
0.2118181,
-0.1482036,
0.... |
The effect of vitamin E deficiency on androgen and corticosterone synthesis. | The incorporation of 14C-cholesterol into total androgens by testis homogenates and into total androgens and corticosterone by adrenal homogenates was measured in tissues taken from rats deficient in vitamin E, and from rats given vitamin E, from weaning to a maximum of 293 days. The peak of incorporation of 14C into adrenal steroids, androgens and corticosterone, were delayed in the rats deficient in vitamin E, which might suggest a delayed or prolonged period of puberty in vitamin E deficiency. After this period of increased steroidogenesis the deficient rats incorporated consistently less 14C into adrenal steroids and testicular androgens than did the control rats, although the differences were not statistically significant in the experiments described. | 126,972 | [
-0.01697514,
0.2606955,
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0.06246012,
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0.317227,
0.3663322,
0.1532501,
0.05446308,
0.0... |
Studies on steroids. III. A new type of derivative for electron capture-gas chromatography of ketosteroids. | Pentafluorobenzyloxyamine is presented as a new derivatizing agent for gas chromatography of ketones using electron capture detection. The typical 17-ketosteroid was readily transformed into the O-pentafluorobenzyloxime which on usual trimethylsilylation led to a 3-trimethylsilyl ether derivative exhibiting good gas chromatographic properties. The derivatization procedure was applied to the determination of dehydroepiandrosterone in human plasma by electron capture-gas chromatography employing an internal standard method and in consequence satisfactory results were obtained. | 127,001 | [
-0.4728208,
0.4641035,
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0.1886727,
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0.0745669,
0.1382611,
0.2549264,
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0.1... |
Immediate-type hypersensitivity to a bean lectin source with commentary on occupational allergy in allergy-immunology laboratory and research workers. | A case of acute, severe allergic conjunctivitis is reported in a biochemist who had been grinding Bandeiraea simplicifolia, the source of an anti-B lectin. A crude extract of these beans produced immediate-type skin test reactivity, and reaginic antibodies were demonstrated in her serum. Several other examples of occupationally induced allergy in laboratory and research workers in the field of allergy-immunology are briefly cited. Exposure to potential allergens in a dry, powdered form seems particularly hazardous. | 127,006 | [
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0.2216636,
0.3336944,
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0.2245818,
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0.2159357,
0.3049312,
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0.4855347,
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-0.26... |
Generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro. VI. Effect of cell density on response in mixed leukocyte cultures. | Reexposure of day 14 murine mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) populations to the original irradiated allogeneic stimulating spleen cells has previously been found to result in the ratpid generation of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) associated with a net increase in cultured cell number. Under the experimental conditions used, day 5 MLC cells appeared unable to respond to the allogeneic stimulus. In order to characterize further the development of the potential for anamnestic reactivity during the course of MLC, C57BL/6 spleen cells were incubated with irradiated (1000 rads) DBA/2 spleen cells (primary MLC) for up to 3 weeks. At various time intervals after the onset of the primary MLC, the surviving cells were collected and reexposed, at varying cell concentrations, to irradiated DBA/2 spleen cells (secondary MLC). At daily intervals thereafter, CTL activity was assessed using a quantitative 51Cr-release assay system. A paradoxic effect of responding cell concentration on generation of CTL activity was observed; relatively greater increase in CTL activity was observed as the concentration of responding cells was decreased over a 100-fold range. This effect was more pronounced with responding cells reexposed to antigen after primary MLC for 20 days, but was observed even with normal cells. The apparent unresponsiveness of day 5 MLC cells to alloantigen restimulation could be overcome by simple dilution of responding cells. Cytotoxic activity at the time of restimulation with antigen seems to be a major factor determining the magnitude of the secondary response. Since intact cells bearing alloantigens are required for the generation of CTL in MLC, residual cytotoxic cells reduce the effective antigenic stimulus by destroying stimulating cells. This effect of concentration of responding cells on generation of CTL in MLC complicates interpretation of experiments investigating the role of "inhibitor" and "helper" cell in cell-mediated immune responses occurring in vitro. Under optimal conditions, the highest CTL activity and the largest increase in total cell number was observed 4 days after restimulation of day 10 MLC cells. On a per cell basis, the lytic activity was up to 4 times greater than that observed at the peak of a primary response, and the number of viable cells recovered was nearly 20 times higher than that at the onset. Such secondary MLC are thus a convenient source of lymphoid cells selected primarily on the basis of proliferation induced by alloantigens. | 127,012 | [
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0.1717778,
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0.1984074,
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0.3609702,
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0.2433846,
0.3385022,
0.3508352,
-0.00365020... |
Effects of various drugs on serum free and total tryptophan levels and brain tryptophan metabolism in rats. | Various drugs known to bind to serum albumin were examined to determine whether or not they influenced the level of free tryptophan in serum in vitro and in vivo. Possible relationships between the serum free tryptophan level and serotonin (5-HT) synthesis in the brain and the hypothermic effects of these drugs were investigated. Of the drugs examined, sodium salicylate, sodium benzoate and indomethacin caused a significant increase in the concentration of serum free tryptophan and stimulated the synthesis of 5-HT in the brain. Hypothermia induced by salicylate and indomethacin was potentiated by pretreatment with pargyline, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. Administration of benzoate did not cause any change in body temperature, but after pargyline a hypothermia did occur. However, pretreatment with parachlorophenylalanine, an inhibitor of 5-HT synthesis, did not influence the hypothermia induced by salicylate and indomethacin. Relationship between the hypothermic effect and the increase of 5-HT synthesis in the brain after a large dose of salicylate and indomethacin is discussed. | 127,058 | [
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0.0159727,
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0.2854813,
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0.5081915,
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0.2813329,
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0... |
[The chromosomal syndromes (author's transl)]. | Considering the results of modern cytogenetics in the area of chromosomal abberation, we can adopt without restriction two demands formulated by G. Koch (1971). First, further systematic research on mentally subnormal children should be carried out to clarify whether forms of chromosomal-genetic abnormality based on previously unknown structural alterations in one or several chromosomes can be discovered among those labelled "mentally subnormal". Second, the chromosomal-genetic forms of mental subnormality should be differentiated psychologically in close cooperation with child and adolescent psychologists and psychiatrists. | 127,145 | [
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0.04019893,
0.1029415,
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0.1849842,
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0.2376027,
0.1920718,
0.2900788,
0.2932748,
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0.1178029,
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0.1928983,
0.03028445,
-0.1550927,... |
[Clinical aspects of chromosomal aberrations - problems of semiotics and nosography]. | Despite intense clinical and cytogenetic research for more than 15 years we are far from knowing any definite relations between karyotype and phenotype. Both cytogeneticists and clinicians are working on the methodological improvements which are still necessary. In the methods of clinical recording there is still very great weakness of exact documentation of findings. Above all there is a lack of reproducible qualitative, and especially quantitative standards which constitute the basis of any practicable nosography. Some procedures for quantifying dysplastic facial features which have hardly been described so far (graphic statistics) are reported briefly. Also the summation of symptoms, a method currently used in the field of chromosomopathy syndromes, is subject to critical consideration. In this group of diseases a total list of symptoms of about 250 items can be obtained which includes multilocular minor stigmata, dysplasias, errors of differentiation and gross malformations of organs. An extraordinarily high degree of overlapping of symptoms is characteristic of these syndromes and makes accurate diagnosis difficult. However, for the trisomy-syndromes we succeeded in working out a diagnostic guideline by differentiating between an unspecified basic symptomatology concerning all trisomias and a pattern-forming additional symptomatology of each single syndrome. Thereby the diverse total symptomatology is reduced to the crucial and the recognition of patterns in daily practice is facilitated considerably. The comparatively specific additional symptomatologies of trisomy 13 -- 14 (Patau), trisomy 17 -- 18 (EDWARDS), and trisomy 21 (DOWN) are demonstrated in graphic views. | 127,146 | [
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0.2957645,
0.3765393,
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-... |
[Investigations of erythrocyte metabolism in trisomy 21 (author's transl)]. | Although the present studies were carried out in a large number of patients, it is not possible to say wether (and what kind of) enzymes are genetically fixed on chromosome 21. It is to be hoped that further studies on the question of enzyme localization, particularly of phosphofructokinase, will afford some clarification. | 127,151 | [
-0.1122233,
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0.01324588,
0.09380686,
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0.1552018,
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0.1627191,
0.00795992,
0.06997345,
0.5193769,
0.2880634,
-0.2805343,
-... |
[Experience in the control of the mosquito Culex pipiens molestus Forsk. In Leningrad]. | Systematic control of mosquitoes (C. p. molestus) has begun in Leningrad since 1968 when undertaken inspections revealed mosquitoes and their aquatic stages in 21.8% of basements. All hatching sites of mosquitoes were registered and sanitary, hydrotechnical and destroying measures were carried out there. During the period of 1968 to 1973 the basements were cleaned, in 509 of them hydroisolation was made and many were dried. Anually chemical treatment of basements was undertaken and for 6 years the treated area amounted to 6.00000 m2. As a result, the percentage of flooded basements decreased from 25.8 to 7.1% and the hatching sites of mosquitoes--from 21.8% to 9.1%. The total population of mosquitoes decreased 43 fold. | 127,154 | [
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0.2793124,
0.1681141,
0.1216787,
0.1827156,
0.1089595,
-0.2844342,
... |
The Hurler syndrome: treatment of cultured Hurler fibroblasts with normal human serum. | Prolonged replacement of fetal calf serum by normal human serum for the enrichment of medium during tissue culture of Hurler fibroblasts resulted in increased acid mucopolysaccharides in the cells and in the medium. The predominant intracellular mucopolysaccharide had the characteristics of dermatan sulfate when Hurler cells were treated with either serum. Normal human serum contains a nonspecific coreective factor capable of augmenting the loss of 35SO4-AMPS from Hurler cells, but not from normal cells. Fetal calf serum and Hurler serum have similar corrective factor activity for labeled Hurler cells. The corrective factor activity of all three sera was recovered from reconstituted dialyzed ammonium sulfate precipitates. The corrective factor of normal human serum did not increase degradation of mucopolysaccharide, but increased secretion of macromolecular and large oligosaccharide components. Failure of the corrective factor of normal human serum to effectively decrease the dermatan sulfate content of Hurler cells during prolonged exposure may be a quantitative phenomenon due partly to the brief duration of corrective factor activity and partly to increased synthesis of mucopolysaccharide. | 127,180 | [
-0.002246029,
-0.4893661,
-0.2367674,
0.2401899,
0.393044,
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0.3985856,
0.3062328,
0.2402588,
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0.03956479,
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0.1025388,
0.1586576,
0.001102041,
-0.09306283,... |
Specific dynamic action of a high-protein diet and its significance for thermoregulation in the golden hamster. | As a result of the specific dynamic action of a high-protein diet the resting metabolism of golden hamsters within the zone of thermoneutrality is increased on a average by 40%. The specific dynamic action diminishes markedly, with declining environmental temperature. It is concluded from this results that part of the heat produced by the specific dynamic action of a high-protein diet leads to a rise in the lower critical temperature in the zone of thermoneutrality by 2 degrees C. | 127,188 | [
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0.2456114,
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0.05651193,
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0.05558922,
-0.01715833,
0.3631158,
-0.075... |
[Our experience in the treatment of pseudarthrosis of the carpal schaphoid bone]. | The present paper reports on 20 cases of old fractures and pseudoarthrosis of the carpal scaphoid operated in the Clinic of Ortopaedics and Traumatology of the "Brîncovenesc" Hospital and followed up over an 8 year period (1965--1972). The treatment, exclusively surgical, consisted in: osteosynthesis with corticospongious graft, combined with styloidectomy (9 cases); excision of the necrosed fragment and styloidectomy (7 cases); and one case each of osteosynthesis with aid of a screw, simple styloidectomy, explorative arthrotomy and arthrodesis of the wrist. The best result were obtained after osteosynthesis with styloidectomy, performed for various forms of pseudoarthrosis with moderate ischemia, and after partial scaphoidectomy for necrosis with a small proximal fragment. | 127,195 | [
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0.1808199,
0.3230759,
0.1373686,
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0.1939964,
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0.07033955,
0.130975,
0.2390899,
0.2532415,
0.09216566,
0.009933544,
0.12312... |
Another look at Pereyra's stint urethropexy. | Twenty-five women with stress incontinence had stint urethropexy as described by Pereyra. Unqualified success was achieved in only 53%. These cases are analyzed and criteria suggested for selecting patients suitable for stint urethropexy. | 127,387 | [
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0.03069413,
-0.3235729,
-0.2432252,
0.1495439,
0.2679141,
-0.0239... |
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