title stringlengths 0 901 | abstract stringlengths 3 9.89k | PMID int64 22 25.3M | embedding listlengths 768 768 |
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Influence of norepinephrine and exercise on lipolysis in adipose tissue of diabetic rats. | The lipolytic effect of norepinephrine (NE) in adipose tissue in vitro was studied before and after exercise in non-fasted rats with severe, untreated streptozotocin diabetes. It was observed that: 1. NE in increasing concentrations stimulated glycerol release in vitro to an equal extent from the adipose tissue of nondiabetic and diabetic rats. However, the re-esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) in adipose tissue in vitro was decreased by NE in diabetic rats as compared to normal rats. 2. During exercise NE further decreased the re-esterification of FFA in vitro in adipose tissue of diabetic rats. 3. Exercise did not change NE-induced glycerol release in vitro in the adipose tissue of diabetic rats. 4. In diabetic animals the increase in plasma glycerol and FFA during exercise was correlated inversely with the NE-induced release of glycerol and FFA from the adipose tissue of the same animals after exercise. The lipolytic effect of NE is not significantly different in adipose tissue of diabetic and nondiabetic rats. By decreasing the re-esterification of FFA in vitro, NE is probably responsible for the observed increase in the release of FFA in vivo, a likely energy source in severely diabetic animals. | 127,405 | [
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Initial events in radiation-induced atheromatosis I. Activation of lysosomal enzymes. | Local irradiation of the carotid artery of the hypercholesterolemic rabbit with 2000 rd of X-rays gives rise to infiltration of lipid droplets in the intima and media, becoming visible 3 days after the irradiation. At the same time, acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase become activated. These enhanced activities are localized in different cells of the arterial wall. Acid phosphatase activity is localized in the intima, while the beta-glucuronidase activation is found preferentially in the media. A functional heterogeneity of the lysosomal content of the different cells is suggested. A model for the development of the radiation-induced atheromatosis is presented. | 127,408 | [
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[Clinical picture and therapy of gastroschisis (author's transl)]. | The results of operative treatment of gastroschisis have been improving in recent years. The survival rate is now between 50 and 60 p.c. It is very important to perform primary repair as soon as possible after birth. According to our own experiences resection of the bowel should be avoided as it gives a poor prognosis. Combined malformations of gastroschisis are very rare and their treatment should be tired since there is no other alternative. An own successfully treated case of combined malformations of gastroschisis with atresia of the small bowel is presented. Stenosis of the duodenum and tubular duplication are described | 127,426 | [
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Long term effects of a single dose of dimethylnitrosamine on the rat liver. | A single injection of DMNA induces in hepatocytes different lesions which are revealed by the mitoses following a partial hepatectomy. The inhibition of mitotic activity, the appearance of micronuclei and the development of hyperplastic nodules were investigated. The results show that the delay between the DMNA treatment and the induction of mitotic activity influences differently the evolution of these changes. The lesions reponsible for the inhibition of mitotic activity and the production of micronuclei are produced when DMNA is given before hepatectomy. They remain unchanged for a long period and are still present five weeks after the injection of the carcinogen. They have disappeared after 10 weeks. On the contrary, the lesions leading to the formation of hyperplastic nodules are at their greatest when DMNA is given at the time of the DNA synthesis following hepatectomy. The data of the present work are compared with previous results obtained by combining X irradiation and hepatectomy. | 127,441 | [
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Focal loss of alkaline phosphatase and increase of proliferation in preneoplastic areas of the rat urothelium after administration of n-butyl-n-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine and n-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl] formamide. | Development of tumours of the urinarY bladder was studied in 59 Male and female Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats with combined enzyme-histochemical and autoradiographic methods after oral application of n-butyl-n-(4-hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine (BBN) and n-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT). as the first carcinogenic lesion detectable by light-microscopy a focal, sharply defined irreversible loss of alkaline phosphatase activity was consistently demonstrated in the urothelium, which appeared normal histologically and cytologically. In about 2/3 of the cases, NADH-diaphorase activity was markedly reduced in identical regions. The enzyme-deficient areas are to be considered as preneoplastic, because papillomas and carcinomas developed from them through different stages of hyperplasia. As a rule, these also were characterized by total loss of alkaline phosphatase activity and attenuation of the NADH-diaphorase in all parts or circumscribed areas. Autoradiographically 3H-thymidine-labelling index revealed a 43.2-fold (BBN) and 22.6-fold (FANFT) increase, respectively, in the enzyme-deficient areas, as compared with the surrounding emzyme-containing urothelium. After 54 hrs of continous labelling, there was a mean 3H-thymidine-labelling index of 54.9% in the enzyme-negative regions. The physiological mode of regeneration was no longer maintained in the areas of enzyme deficiency as there was an increased proliferation of suprabasal cells. Areas of papillomas that showed a marked attention of NADH-diaphorase had a 3H-thymidine-labelling index 4.5 (BBN) and 3.1 (FANFT) greater than the surrounding areas with preserved enzyme activity. Since loss of alkaline phosphatase activity occurs regulary and consistently after application of carcinogens with chemically different structures it appears to indicate the initial phase of tumor development in the urinary bladder of the rat. | 127,442 | [
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Transplacental induction of neurogenic tumors in BD IX rats by intragastric administration of ethylnitrosourea precursors. | The concurrent daily intragastric administration of ethylurea at two dose levels (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg bodyweight) together with one dose level of sodium nitrite (50 mg/kg bodyweight) by a stomach tube to pregnant BD IX rats from day 15 to day 22 of gestation resulted in the induction of neurogenic tumors in all offspring. Since both ENU-precursors alone do not produce neurogenic tumors, these results are evidence of ENU formation from its precursors under the influence of gastric juice. Differences in the survival time and the incidence of tumors at both dose levels were not significant. The amount of ethylnitrosourea synthesized in the animals was very close at both dose levels, and was dependent on the amount of sodium nitrite applied. The experimental results are consistent with the conclusion, that the rat fetuses had been exposed to a total amount of about 60 mg/kg ethylnitrosourea. Neurogenic tumors dominated with 98% incidence over the non-neurogenic. The incidence of neurogenic tumors per rat was high (6.0 for Group I and 6.7 for Group II). Neurogenic tumors were equally distributed among the central and peripheral nervous systems. The neurogenic tumors induced with the precursors of ethylnitrosourea were morphologically similar in all aspects to those induced with the carcinogen itself and could be classified as oligodendroglioma, astrocytoma, mixed glioma, anaplastic glioma, glioependymoma, ependymoma, and neurinoma. Three unusual tumors were found: one early anaplastic "septum ependymoma" in the dorsal column of the spinal cord, and two special mixed tumors of the cranial nerves, i.e. a neurinoma with portions of an oligodendroglioma and a neurinoma with parts of an invasive ependymoma. | 127,444 | [
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Cellular- and permeability-changes in the peritoneal cavity of mice after injection of endotoxon. | Injection of endotoxin into the peritoneal cavity of mice causes an early emigration of PMN-leucocytes and therafter a decrease in macrophage count. The number of lymphocytes shows only a transient increase. One and 2 injections of endotoxin rise the fibrinogen and protein level of the peritoneal fluid. A simple test for measuring the change in permeability (and lymph circulation) was described ("congo red elimination's test"). Changes in permeability occur after a latent period of 2 hours following endotoxin administration, culminate during the 1st day and last about 3-4 days. The possible mechanisms of the above phenomena are discussed. | 127,449 | [
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Immunosuppressive activity of heterologous antimacrophage sera. | Antisera against rat macrophages were raised in rabbits and tested individually, serologically and in vivo, by injecting 1.5 ml/100 g into LEW rats 1 and 4 days following a graft of CDF rat skin. 1. Erythrocyte absorption reduced the mean lymphocytotoxic titer of antimacrophage sera from 1:16 to 1:1, but yielded strongly immunosuppressive sera. They extended the graft survival time from the normal rate of 11-14 days up to 217 days. 2. Additional absorption with lymphocytes reduced this activity significantly, but still yielded very active sera (graft survival up to 83 days). 3. After the procedure for serologically exhaustive absorption was repeated, an in vivo control for exhaustive absorption of anti-lymphocyte antibodies was performed. The results showed that the double-absorbed sera did not exhibit reduced immunosuppressive activity. 4. The above activity was found in 9/16 antisera. Seven antisera were inactive in vivo, though they showed similar in vitro activity with respect to their toxic titers against macrophages. These results confirm and extend our earlier functional and morphological studies on AMS. They are discussed in relationship to the controversial data from literature. | 127,454 | [
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Interactions of the third component of complement (C3) with cross-linked dextran. II. Demonstration of an alternate pathway activation as binding mechanism of C3 to cross-linked dextran. | In previous investigations we could show that incubation of cross-linked dextran (Sephadex) with normal human serum results in the binding of the third component of complement to the Sephadex beads. In this paper, data are presented which demonstrate that not only human but also guinea pig C3 reacts with Sephadex and that this binding is due to an alternate pathway of C3 activation. This conclusion was drawn, since a) C3 is bound also from guinea pig serum with total deficiency of C4, b) the reaction can be completely blocked by EDTA but only diminished by EGTA and c) the reaction turned out to be temperature dependent with an optimum at 37 degrees C and could be abolished by diluting the serum more than 1:16. The ability of cross-linked dextran to activate C3 via the alternate pathway seems to be due to conformational changes, since in our experiments soluble dextran of the same source was found to be ineffective in this respect. Implications from these findings and possible applications are discussed. | 127,458 | [
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Separation of human lymphoid cells by preparative cell electrophoresis. | By means of free-flow electrophoresis a preparative separation of cells according to their surface charge is achieved. The method has been applied to human lymphocytes of blood and of tonsils. Technical details are described and discussed with respect to optimal separation conditions, reproducibility of results and viability of the separated cells. Unseparated cells, pooled separated cells and cells corresponding to different electrophoretic mobilities are compared for stimulation in response to PHA, determination of cells bearing membrane immunoglobulins, colony growth of hemopoietic stem cells and DNA syntheses in vitro. It is concluded that reproducible results can be obtained, that the biological activities of the cells after separation are unaltered and that a separation or at least an enrichment of cells with certain properties can be achieved. | 127,465 | [
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[Experiences with the dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate test at the end of pregnancy]. | Results of DHAS-tests are calculated according to 4 methods (recovery of injected DHAS as total oestrogens measured in 24 hour urine specimens; changes of oestrogen excretion peaks measured in two hour intervals; recovery of injected DHAS as total oestrogens measured in 2 hour urine specimens; classification according to a scheme of oestrogen excretion pattern measured in two hour intervals). The results are critically compared with the general development of pregnancy and with the condition of the newborn. The discrepancies observed show that the DHAS-test is of little practical value. | 127,491 | [
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Histochemical studies in stomatal apparatus of Phaseolus mungo Linn. I. Localization of enzymes and structural material. | In the present investigations, the localization of several enzymes (Acid Phosphatase, Peroxidase, succinic dehydrogenase, Phosphorylase, alkaline phosphatase, ATP-ase) and other substances in the guard and subsidiary cells as well as trichomes of the leaves of Phaseolus mungo, was carried out. Attempts were also made to follow the sequence of developmental stages starting with meristemoids and culminating in differentiated structures. The basic information thus obtained is used in interpreting the developmental physiology of stomatal differentiation as well as their cellular organisation. Histochemical observations made in the present studies are compared with the electron microscopical observations of Whatley (1972). It is proposed that mitochondria played a basic role in the functioning of the guard cells. The present studies also demonstrated activity of acid phosphatase in the guard cells and was localized in spherosomes. The latter varied in the activity for acid phosphatase and was dependent on the turgid level of the cell. Interestingly, enough localization of phosphatase could only be observed in spherosomes when the osmotic pressure in the cell was relatively low, once the osmotic pressure increased, the activity disappeared. | 127,500 | [
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Histochemical localization of adenosine triphosphatase and thiamine pyrophosphatase in the digestive system of a teleost fish, Ophiocephalus punctatus. | The localization of ATPase and thiamine pyrophosphatase in the digestive system of Ophiocephalus punctatus has been studied. In stomach ATPase is found in the free border of the mucosa, gastric glands, submucosal connective tissue nuclei and muscularis. Thiamine pyrophosphatase is localized only in the mucosa and gastric gland cells. In the intestine, pyloric caeca and rectum, ATPase is distributed along the brush border of the columnar epithelial cells, their nuclei and cytoplasm. Mild activity is also found in the nuclei of submucosa and muscularis. The activity is stronger in the intestine than in the other portions. Thiamine pyrophosphatase activity in these portions is restircted only to the goblet cells. In the liver ATPase activity is associated both with the cytoplasm and nucleus of the hepatic cells. Thiamine pyrophosphatase activity is maximum in the centro-lobular portion. | 127,504 | [
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[A case of hypocholinesterasemia induced by trichlorfon]. | A case of hypocholinesterasemia induced by ingestion of trichlorfon is presented. A female patient took 20 gm of this insecticide for the purpose of the suicide. She was brought to the hospital one hour later, and her life was saved by gastric lavage. Cyanosis on lips and nails, pupils with sluggish light reaction and fibrillary muscle twitch were observed upon arrival. Laboratory examination performed on the admission disclosed a serum cholinesterase activity of 0.3deltapH per hour. The enzyme activity was depressed to 0.05 deltapH per hour on the second day of hospitalization. The enzyme activity then increased gradually in the two subsequent weeks and the patient recovered. | 127,517 | [
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[Method of rapid separation of free, sulfoconjugated and glucuronoconjugated fractions of plasma steroids]. | A method for the separation of serum conjugated steroids, sulfates and glucuronides, is described. It is based on the fact that methylene blue forms complexes with ester-sulfates which can be quantitatively and specifically extracted by chloroform from aqueous phase. The quantitative determination of the conjugated fractions thus obtained can be done after solvolysis followed by hydrolysis by beta-glucuronidase from Helix pomatia. | 127,537 | [
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[Proceedings: Male pseudohermaphroditism due to testicular 17 beta hydroxysteroid deshydrogenase deficiency (author's transl)]. | A new case of 17 beta hydroxysteroid deshydrogenase deficiency is reported. In venous blood, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) level is normal, but the level of basal testosterone (T) is low, and delta 4 androstenedione (delta 4 A) is ten times higher than the normal level. The increase of delta4AT is characteristic after chorionic gonadotropin stimulation and over more in spermatic venous blood. Estrone (E1) produced from delta 4 A is high but estradiol (E2) level is equally low in systemic circulation and spermatic venous blood. This increase of plasmatic E2 is the witness of disturbance of E1 conversion into E2 as well as delta 4 conversion into T. It is an explantation of the lack of gynecomastia in this case. Serum gonadotropins LH and FSH are increased. This report contrast with other cases of 17 beta hydroxysteroid deshydrogenase deficiency and with the testicular feminization in which E2 and FSH levels are normal. This underline the importance of T in the LH regulation and the one of E2 in FSH control. | 127,543 | [
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Macromolecular properties and end-group analysis of heparin isolated from bovine liver capsule. | Glycosaminoglycans were extracted from bovine liver capsule with 4 M-guanidinium chloride, resulting in solubilization of approx. 90% of the total uronic acid-containing polysaccharide of the tissue. The extracted polysaccharide was purified and fractionated by anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, density-gradient ultracentrifugation in CsCl and finally gel chromatography on Sepharose 4B. By using these procedures, the two major polysaccharide components, dermatan sulphate and heparin, which constituted 55 and 30% respectively of the total glycosaminoglycan content of the tissue, were separated from each other. Analysis of the macromolecular properties of the two polysaccharides showed that heparin existed exclusively as single polysaccharide chains, whereas dermatan sulphate occurred largely as a proteoglycan (protein content, 74% dry wt.). The purified heparin preparation was subjected to sedimentation-equilibrium ultracentrifugation, indicating a molecular weight of 8800. Analysis for neutral sugars (by g.l.c.) showed 0.1 residue of xylose and 0.2 residue of galactose/polysaccharide chain; serine amounted to 0.3 residue/polysaccharide chain. Reduction of the heparin with NaB3H4 resulted in incorporation of 3H, approximately corresponding to one reducible group/polysaccharide chain. The 3H-labelled sugar residue was liberated by a combination of acid hydrolysis and deaminative cleavage of the polysaccharide with HNO2; it was subsequently identified as an aldonic acid by paper electrophoresis. Most of the heparin chains thus contained a uronic acid residue in reducing position. It is suggested that heparin isolated from bovine liver capsule is a degradation product released from larger molecules by an endo-glycuronidase. | 127,581 | [
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Coarctation of aorta with right aortic arch. Report of surgical correction in 2 cases: one with associated anomalous origin of left circumflex coronary artery from the right pulmonary artery. | Two patients with right aortic arch, anomalous left subclavian artery, and coarctation of theaorta, have been operations for the relief of coarctation, successful in one but only partially successful in the other: in one case, a 'dacron' patch was inserted into the narrowed segment, but a mild recurrence of coarctation was found a year later; in the other, the proximal segment of the anomalous left subclavian artery was used for the repair, with complete relief of the coarctation, both immediately and at late follow-up. The first case had multiple associated congenital abnormalities, including anomalous origin of the left circumflex coronary artery from the right pulmonary artery, which was also corrected surgically: this anomaly has only been recorded once hitherto. The second had facial haemangiomata and a small ventricular septal defect. Four previously reported cases of coarctation and right arch are reviewed. These 6 cases are considered in the light of current views on the development and classification of aortic arch anomalies. | 127,600 | [
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Mechanisms by which Li+ stimulates the (Na+ and K+)-dependent ATPase. | The addition of LiCl stimulated the (Na+ + K+)-dependent ATPase activity of a rat brain enzyme preparation. Stimulation was greatest in high Na+/low K+ media and at low Mg-ATP concentrations. Apparent affinities for Li+ were estimated at the alpha-sites (moderate-affinity sites for K+ demonstrable in terms of activation of the associated K+-dependent phosphatase reaction), at the beta-sites (high-affinity sites for K+ demonstrable in terms of activation of the overall ATPase reaction), and at the Na+ sites for activation. The relative efficacy of Li+ was estimated in terms of the apparent maximal velocity of the phosphatase and ATPase reactions when Li+ was substituted for K+, and also in terms of the relative effect of Li+ on the apparent Km for Mg-ATP. With these data, and previously determined values for the apparent affinities of K+ and Na+ at these same sites, quantitative kinetic models for the stimulation were examined. A composite model is required in which Li+ stimulates by relieving inhibition due to K+ and Na+ (i) by competing with K+ for the alpha-sites on the enzyme through which K+ decreases the apparent affinity for Mg-ATP and (ii) by competing with Na+ at low-affinity inhibitory sites, which may represent the external sites at which Na+ is discharged by the membrane Na+/K pump that this enzyme represents. Both these sites of action for Li+ would thus lie, in vivo, on the cell exterior. | 127,624 | [
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The fibrous structure of human chromosomes in relation to rearrangements and aberrations; a theoretical consideration. | Human chromosomes as a type-sample for mammalian chromosomes consist of 200-A fibers, folded to chromomeres, which are interconnected by about a dozen longitudinal fibers. The average fiber at both interphase and metaphase contains 28.3 lengths of one double helix of DNA per length of fiber. The orientation of DNA imparts polarity to the fiber and thus to the chromosome and is an important constraint in concepts of chromosomal aberrations and rearrangements, some of which are being interpreted on the basis of fiber-fiber exchanges. Chromosomal rearrangements discernible by light microscopy are not likely to be fully synonymous with change in gene sequence. Chromosomes are considered to possess a plane of symmetry originating from semiconservative replication. Implications for chromosomal structure, centromeric function, and chromatid cohesion are discussed. Fibers connecting one chromosome to others are discussed in light of the proposal that fiber regions of repeated nucleotide sequences exist that facilitate fiber-fiber exchanges. No free fiber or DNA ends are thought to occur at any time in the nucleus. | 127,724 | [
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Linkage of six genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the construction of linkage test strains. | Linkage relationships were determined for six genes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: pyr, act, can-la, ey, y-1, and nic-7. Four of these were combined with five other genes to form linkage test strains. | 127,787 | [
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Increase in dissociation rate constants of cardiotonic steroid-brain (Na+ + K+)-ATPase complexes by reduction of the unsaturated lactone. | Several cardiotonic steroids have been modified by reduction of the unsaturated lactone and their interactions with the sodium- and potassium-activated ATPase ((Na+ + K+)-ATPase) have been investigated. Reduction of the unsaturated lactone results in a decrease in binding affinity due primarily to an increase in the dissociation rate constant concomitant with a decrease in the activation free energy of dissociation. This decrease in activation free energy is about 2 to 4 kcal, which is approximately equal to the energy of one hydrogen bond. It is suggested that the increase in dissociation rate due to reduction of the unsaturated lactone may make possible the use of these compounds as affinity ligands for purification of the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase or an ouabain-binding fragment. | 127,794 | [
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Observations on epizootiology and distribution of Elaeophora schneideri in Montana ruminants. | Seventy-four moose, 111 elk, 20 mule deer, 8 white-tailed deer, 26 prong-horn antelope, 42 domestic sheep and 3 bighorn sheep from Montana or northwestern Wyoming were examined post-mortem for evidence of Elaeophora schneideri infection in 1973-74. Fifteen percent of the mule deer and four percent of the moose were positive for adult arterial worms. This constitutes the first report of E. schneideri in mule deer in Montana. No gross signs of blindness or other neurologic disorder were evident in the infected animals. Potential horsefly intermediate hosts collected in the enzootic area included Hybomitra rhombica osburni, H. tetrica, H. metabola, Chrysops noctifer pertinax and Atylotus incisuralis. | 127,848 | [
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The binding of Mn2+ and ADP to myosin. | The metal ion requirement of myosin-ADP binding was investigated by use of Mn2+. Mn2+ binds to two sets of noninteracting sites on myosin which are characterized by affinity constants of 10(6) and 10(3), M(-1) at 0.016 M KCl concentration. The maximum number of sites is 2 for the high affinity and 20-25 for the low affinity set. Binding of Mn2+ to the high affinity sites increases the affinity of ADP binding to myosin. F-actin inhibits ADP binding (Kiely, B., and Martonosi, A., Biochim. Biophys. Acta 172: 158-170 [1969]), but even at F-actin concentrations much higher than that required to saturate the actin binding sites of myosin or its proteolytic fragments, significant ADP binding remained. The actin insensitive portion of ADP binding was inhibited by 10(-4) M inorganic pyrophosphate or ATP. The results are discussed on the basis of a model in which actin and ADP bind to myosin at distinct but interacting sites. | 127,887 | [
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[A "hairy polyp" of the throat causes larynx occlusion in a newborn (author's transl)]. | A case of "polyp with hair" in the throat is reported. It's occurence is extremely seldom. It is the simplest form of an epignathus. The birth defect is considered as an uncomplete dual formation, it is more often found in female than in male newborns. The left palate is the preferred place of occurence. Because it is anchored with a pedicle, the tumor may change it's position resulting in an occlusion of the larynx, as it was in this case. Recurrence after surgery is not known. | 127,907 | [
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National gonorrhea therapy monitoring study: treatment results. | To monitor the efficacy of the 1972 United States Public Health Service recommended treatment regimens for uncomplicated gonorrhea, we studied 9008 patients who were randomly assigned either to aqueous procaine penicillin G, 4.8 million units intramuscularly plus 1 g of oral probenecid, or to one of the three other recommended regimens. Among the 3871 patients re-examined within three to seven days after therapy, the penicillin-probenecid regimen was successful in 96.8 per cent, whereas the cure rates of the ampicillin-probenecid, tetracycline, and spectinomycin regimens were 92.8, 96.2, and 94.8 per cent, respectively. In clinics comparing the regimens, penicillin G-probenecid was as effective as tetracycline, but more effective than ampicillin-probenecid (P less than 0.05) and spectinomycin (P less than 0.01). However, in patients re-examined three to 14 days after treatment, only the ampicillin-probenecid regimen was significantly less effective than penicillin probenecid (P less than 0.01). Despite these differences in results, all four regimens recommended by the Public Health Service provided effective therapy for uncomplicated gonorrhea. | 127,945 | [
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[Monogenea and fishes of some fresh water reservoirs of the Kol'sk peninsula]. | 25 species of Monogenea were found in the basins of the Ponoi, Pjalitsa and Varzuga rivers. The belonging to faunistic complexes is indicated for 29 species of monogeneans known at present for water bodies of the Kola peninsula. On the basis of the distribution of Monogenea in the Ponoi and due to its hydrological regime and geological past the introduction of freshwater fauna into this water body via the Varzuga river is suggeste. | 127,971 | [
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Viability of Escherichia coli treated with colicin K. | Conditions permitting survival (colony formation) of E. coli after treatment with colicin K have been found. Survival required K+ and Mg2+ at concentrations high enough to replace the intracellular ions lost from colicintreated cells. Either glucose minimal medium or broth could support survival. Survival was still observed after colicin-promoted efflux of Rb+ and decline in ATP levels had occurred, and after the period during which treatment with trypsin could rescue the cells on media containing low concentrations of K+. In an adenosinetriphosphate (ATP phohsphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) deficient (uncA) mutant, survival after colicin treatment was observed at lower Mg2+ concentrations than those required by the wild type, and Rb+ could replace K+. Cells treated with colicin E1 (but not with colicin I2, E3, or Ib) also survived under conditions permitting survival of colicin K. | 128,002 | [
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Vectorcardiographic analysis of the QRS loop in hypertensive heart disease. | The authors made a quantitative and qualitative vectorcardiographic analysis (Frank lead system) in 47 patients with hypertensive heart disease compared with a control group of 16 normal subjects. The magnitude and the angle of the maximum QRS vector, the sense of rotation of the QRS loop, the magnitude of the maximum posterior deflection (Sz), of the anterior maximum one (Rz), of the maximum leftward one (Rx), and of the maximum rightward one (Qx), the length (L) and the width W) of the QRS loop, as well as the angle of the maximum T vector were measured. A significant difference, in all planes of the maximum QRS magnitude between the normals and the AHT was found, while the maximum QRS angle was not significantly different. The quantitative analysis of the veg made in the horizontal plane revealed significant differences for the Sz, Rx, L, and the relation Rz/Sz. The quantitative analysis made according to Varriale et al. (1966) revealed a prevalence of the cases of type I A (72.3%) and I B (21.3%). | 128,008 | [
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The effect of constant light and chemical sympathectomy on the development of serotonin, n-acetyltransferase and monoamine oxidase activities in the rat epiphyses. | The daytime activity of N-acetyltransferase per mg epiphysis decreased to 1/10 the newborn level by the age of 13 days, and subsequently remained unchanged. The night activity was equal to the day activity at the age of 3 days, was higher at the age of 6 days and was 20 X that of the day level at the age of 40 days. Keeping animals in constant light after birth depressed the development of these diurnal differences in N-acetyltransferase activity and slowed down the decrease in enzyme activity after birth. Sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine after birth abolished the development of the diurnal rhythm in N-acetyltransferase in 12-day-old rats in two experiments out of five and only decreased the night activity without abolishing the rhythm in three experiments. Monoamine oxidase activity (MAO) per mg epiphysis, which is the same in newly born and in adult animals, decreased to half the original value for 6 days after birth and then increased again. Constant light after birth did not influence MAO activity, but sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine decreased activity in the epiphysis in 12-day-old animals. | 128,012 | [
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Dynamic characteristics of a metabolic reaction of mice with different responses to irradiation. | The course of the reaction of mice placed in a metabolic chamber and afterwards irradiated with an exposure dose of 610 R was studied by assessing total oxygen consumption and the size of its fluctuation. Fluctuation was greater in non-survivors than in survivors in the initial phase of the metabolic reaction only (P is less than 0.05), while the mean oxygen consumption values for the two groups were the same, In the distribution of the individual values there were more non-survivors in the frequency class with a high fluctuation level and, conversely, more survivors in the low level class (P is less than 0.01). Fluctuation during the studied reaction was more variable in survivors, despite its lower level, than in non-survivors. The reciprocal relationship between the size and fluctuation of oxygen consumption, determined for the whole series of experimental mice at given stages of the metabolic reaction, is linear. Attention is drawn to the association between changes measured in the metabolic rate and motor activity and to the possibility that it is determined by the individual's type of nervous activity. | 128,021 | [
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Afterload mismatch and preload reserve: a conceptual framework for the analysis of ventricular function. | A two-dimensional framework can be used for considering the characteristics of left ventricular ejection in terms of the appropriateness of the matching between afterload and the level of inotropic state, as modulated by the preload reserve. An afterload mismatch (reduced velocity and extent of shortening) can be induced acutely in the normal heart under controlled conditions if the preload is not allowed to compensate for an increased afterload, or if the limit of preload (Frank-Starling) reserve has been reached. In the intact circulation the normal heart is sensitive to some degree to acute changes in afterload, perhaps due to impaired venous return; but under basal resting conditions the ejection phase measures (such as the ejection fraction and the mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening or VCF, corrected for heart size) encompass a relatively narrow range. This finding, and the lack of change in ejection phase measures after the normal heart has adapted to a chronic pressure or volume overload, provides justification for the use of ejection phase indices for detecting depressed inotropic state under basal conditions. When there is mild depression of myocardial inotropic state, with or without accompanying mechanical overload, enhanced preload may allow full compensation, but acute pressure loading may allow early detection of a less than normal preload reserve. When the inotropic state is substantially reduced, however, a mismatch between afterload and contractility (a reduction in mean VCF) will become evident even in the basal state (venous return being presumed to be adequate under these conditions). The concept of afterload mismatch with limited preload reserve provides an explanation for the value of ejection phase indices compared to isovolunic phase measures in assessing the basal level of inotropic state: the former may be more reliable because they are sensitive to afterload. The effects and implications of therapeutic afterload reduction as modulated by the preload also are understood within this framework. | 128,034 | [
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[Formation of the skeleton - growth of a long bone. Growth of the 3d metatarsal bone in the rat]. | The authors have studied the longitudinal growth of the third metatarsal bone of the rat. This bone has only one epiphyseal plate at its distal extremity and none at its proximal one. Nevertheless it was demonstrated that the proximal extremity was responsible for 16% of the total longitudinal bone growth. | 128,047 | [
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[Sequelae of acetabulum fractures treated by total hip prosthesis]. | The authors have treated by total prosthesis 39 cases of fractures of the acetabulum, at the stage of severe sequellae. 21 of them had been initially treated conservatively, and 18 had been previously operated on. 23 times they used conventional prosthesis anchored with cement. 8 cases became loose and had to be re-operated on. 16 times an original prosthesis made of highly porous metal was used with no complication at the present time. | 128,056 | [
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[Anatomopathological aspects of giant cell tumors of the bone]. | The morphological study of Giant Cell Tumors of Bone collected at the Orthopaedic Department of C.H.U. Cochin, with high resolution radiography of macroscopical samples added to topographical cytology allows to report the following facts: --Mononuclear cells have cytonuclear criteria between histiocyte and fibroblast cells, quite apart from Chondroblastoma and Chondromyxoid fibroma. Cytological transitions are observed between mononuclear and giant cells. --Osteoid formation is usually connected with the lysis or the blow-up of the neighbouring cortex. Without secondary changes, collagenisation is reduced. --A vascular network is appearing between the cortex and the tumor, factor of some radiological evolutions, those aspects being nearly similar to aneurysmal bone cyst. --The grading of the tumour has no valuable architectural support ; mitotic activity is equally of no value for the assesment of a recurrence. Nuclear analysis with granular clumping of chromatin, thickening of the nuclear rim and increase in size and number of nucleoli was only a help to identify sarcomas. The latter are primary-associated with quiescent-appearing lesions or merging on multiple tumoral sampling. Giant cell sarcoma, except fibroblastic-like forms, can keep a differenciated cytology with frequent amitosis. --Tumor polymorphism is warrant of some histological pitfalls ; the most rewarding territories for the analysis are in the long bones the upper epiphyseal areas. Whereas, the frequency of secondary changes enhance the additional value of topographical inprint cytology for a correct morphological appraisal. | 128,062 | [
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[Recurrence in soft tissues of a giant cell tumor of the femoral condyle]. | A case of recurrence with osteogenesis only in the soft tissues of a giant cell tumour is reported. | 128,069 | [
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[Treatment of giant cell tumors. Resection-unicondyle reconstruction]. | The authors report 4 cases, 3 involving a femoral condyle one the lower extremity of the humerus treated by resection followed by massive grafting. | 128,070 | [
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[Unusual pulmonary metastases of giant cell tumors]. | A case of giant cells tumour treated by curetage recurred locally together with pulmonary metastasis. Amputation and lobectomy disclosed no malignancy. In spite of incomplete removal of pulmonary tumours. X rays picture and general status are normal 4 years later. 5 comparable published cases are reported. | 128,071 | [
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... |
[Simple method for production of conditions of general anaerobiosis]. | The description is given of a modified method starting from the alkaline pyrogalol technique, described by Béerens and Tahon-Castel, for obtaining anaerobiosis in Petri dishes. The modification consists in: sealing the dishes with paraffin, adding of talcum in the reducing mixture instead of silica, and use of the ready prepared mixture ovar a period of at most 6 months. The method was tested against the reference method using suspensions of C. Oedematiens (species demanding strictly anaerobiosis conditions), C. histolyticum (somewhat less exigent) and C. perfringens spores (mean esigence), seeding on the surface of dishes with Willis-Hobbs medium. The comparative experiment, counting 30,941 colonies on 408 Petri dishes proved the value of the method proposed. The procedure was just as efficient in surface cultures of nonsporulate anaerobic germs. | 128,092 | [
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[Gastrointestinal disorders caused by non-agglutinable (NAG) vibrios]. | In August-October 1973 several NAG vibrio strains were isolated for the first time in our country from clinical cases of acute intestinal disturbances. The patients were admitted to hospital being clinically suspect of dysenteric syndrome or alimentary toxiinfection (nausea, vomiting, abdominal colics, tenesms, mucosanguinolent stools, aqeous stools from 4-5 up to 20 in 24 hours, with signs of dehydration). NAG vibrios were isolated from all the cultures in, practically, pure cultures. Epidemiologic survey in the village of B resulted in isolation of the same NAG vibrio strains from the samples collected from the direct contacts and drinking water sources. Therefore, NAG vibrios can unquestionably cause a diarrheic disease and it will be necessary to extend the bacteriologic diangosis also in this direction in all cases of diarrhea of "unknown etiology". | 128,099 | [
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[Vaccination strategy in influenza]. | The present paper deals with the conditions that influenza vaccines must comply with, their efficiency in terms of the route of administration, the major antigenic changes of influenza viruses, that has to be known from beforehand, a basic problem for the efficient control of a pandemic. Vaccination must have in view reduction of the mortality and morbidity rate, a major criterion in establishing a programme for the prevention of influenza by vaccination. | 128,101 | [
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[Studies of the influenza epidemic of January-March, 1974]. | In an epidemiologic, clinical and viral study of several influenza foci in some urban districts of Romania during January-March 1974, 23 influenza virus B Hong-Kong 8/73 strains were isolated. The dynamics of HAI serum antibodies confirmed the viral diagnosis. The epidemic ran a slow course, affecting especially the 14-25 years age group and had an evident benign clinical aspect. | 128,103 | [
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Arthritis in the rabbit knee joint: a quantitated model. | The knee joint in rabbits has been used as an arthritis model for the study of acute immunologic injury. Histologic examination of synovium plus a standardized procedure for irrigating inflammatory exudate from the joint allowed study of damage due to immune complexes, urate crystals, and Arthus type vascular lesions by multiple parameters. With this model Arthus lesions could be abolished with neutrophil depletion and reconstituted with intra-articular injection of neutrophil suspension. The rate and degree of injury could also be diminished by depletion of complement components. | 128,110 | [
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[Effect of coagulated hemothorax and early fibrinothorax on the state of patients after pneumonectomy]. | An estimation of the postoperative course after pneumonectomy in 328 patients, depending on the character and rate of distinguishing the pleural fluid, is given. The development of collapsed hemothorax and early (during the first week) fibrinothorax is predominantly related with separation of massive pleural adhesions, it aggravates the postoperative period and predisposes to the development of pleural empyema. Rethoracotomy with the removal of clots especially in later terms fail to prevent this complication. Intrapleural injections of fibrinolytic drugs is found to offer more perspectives. | 128,188 | [
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Bacteriophage P13234mo-mediated intra- and intergroup transduction of antibiotic resistance among streptococci. | Numerous streptococcal strains representing serogroups A, C, and G were tested for transducibility to antibiotic resistance by the temperate Group A streptococcal phage P13234mo. The resistance markers carried by Group A donor strains included the ERL1 factor determining inducible resistance to erythromycin, lincomycin and streptogramin-B type antibiotics as well as chromosomally located mutations for streptomycin and spectinomycin resistance. ERL1, presumably of plasmid nature, was transduced to each of the 36 Group A strains, 10 of the 16 Group C strains, and 1 of the 10 Group G strains tested. Transduction of streptomycin and spectinomycin resistance occurred at lower frequencies than ERL1 transduction, the percentage of transducible Group A strains was lower for these markers than for ERL1, and intergroup transduction was not observed. The effective in-vitro dissemination of resistance factors such as ERL1 by broad host range phages like P13234mo may have some bearing on the marked increase of the incidence of erythromycin and lincomycin resistant streptococci of several serogroups in clinical specimens. | 128,266 | [
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Nephropathy associated with sickle cell anemia: an autologous immune complex nephritis. II. Clinicopathologic study of seven patients. | A variety of renal structural and functional abnormalities have been associated with sickle cell disease. To define the relationship between the hemoglobinopathy and glomerular disease, clinicopathologic correlations, renal morphologic, ultrastructural immunohistologic and functional studies were performed on seven patients with clinical and laboratory evidence of glomerular disease. In addition, immunologic studies including isolation and characterization of cryoprecipitable immune complexes, and determination of immunoglobulin, total complement and complement component levels, and antibody titers to several antigens were performed in an attempt to define the etiologic and pathogenic mechanisms of the renal disease and its relationship to sickle cell anemia. Proteinuria was presnet in all patients. The nephrotic syndrome, hypertension, hematuria and renal insufficiency were found in more than one half the patients. All patients had membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis of varying degree; glomerular basement membrane splitting, electron dense deposits in the glomerulus; interstitial fibrosis, tubular atrophy and hemosiderin deposits were frequent. Immunoglobulin complement components (classif complement pathway) and renal tubular epithelial antigen were distributed in a granular pattern along the glomerular basement membranes of all patients studied by these methods. Cyroprecipitable complexes of renal tubular epithelial antigen-antibody to renal tubular epithelial antigen as well as antibody to renal epithelial antigen were detected in the circulation of some patients. There was no serologic evidence of activation of the alternate complement pathway. These studies demonstrated an immune deposit normocomplementemic nephritis associated with sickle cell anemia; they further support our hypothesis that the relationship is more then coincidental, and is mediated by glomerular deposition of immune complexes of renal tubular epithelial antigen-antibody to renal tubular epithelial antigen, the antigen possibly released after tubular damage secondary to oxygenation and hemodynamic alterations related to sickle cell disease. | 128,292 | [
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Repair of massive septic abdominal wall defects with Marlex mesh. | Marlex mesh was used to close the abdominal wall defect in six patients with septic wound dehiscence and intra-abdominal infection. The mesh was implanted under local anesthesia and served as a protective covering for the bowel and allowed early ambulation, including prone positioning of the patient for easier wound care. In four surviving patients, the Marlex mesh was covered by full thickness skin flaps after granulation tissue had covered the material. No patients had infected sinus tract formation or extrusion. Two patients had incisional hernias develop when the Marlex mesh was not sutured to the abdominal wall permanently. The use of Marlex mesh to cover infected defects in the abdominal wall when primary closure cannot be accomplished is suggested by our experience. | 128,301 | [
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Relapsing polychondritis. Electron microscopic study of ear cartilage. | Light microscopic and for the first time electron microscopic (EM) studies of involved elastic ear cartilage in a patient with relapsing polychondritis confirm the superficial location of the inflammatory reaction. EM studies of deep cartilage were identical to those on controls except for a rare necrotic cell. Superficial cartilage showed a finely granular electron-dense material. This material, which may be protein, possibly of enzyme or immunoglobulin origin, also surrounded some elastic fibrils. Findings of predominantly superficial changes and the multisystem disease in the present patient and in many others suggest that the cartilage destruction is part of a systemic inflammatory disease. | 128,363 | [
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Induction of the catalytic protein of (Na+ plus K+)-ATPase in the salt gland of the duck. | The (Na+ plus K+)-ATPase activities in salt gland homogenates increased 3- to 4-fold after saline treatment of ducks for 3 weeks. The ATPase was purified to a specific activity of 460 and 1015 mumol Pi/mg protein per h, respectively, in control and saline-treated ducks. The catalytic protein was identified on polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels by phosphorylating the enzyme with (32P)ATP. The molecular weight of the protein was estimated to be 98 000. The amount of catalytic unit increased commensurately with the enzyme activity after saline treatment. It is therefore concluded that the increased enzyme activity is due to a de novo enzyme synthesis and is not an activation effect. Phospholipid concentration in the salt gland tissue increased 1.7-fold after the saline treatment. Significant increases occurred in the percentage of the total phospholipids as phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin. In the partially purified (Na+ plus K+)-ATPase preparation, the percentage composition of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine increased after saline treatment. | 128,380 | [
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[Properties of artificial vesicles from biological membranes]. | Ultrasonic treatment of microsome fraction or the preparation of partially purified Na+, K+-ATPase from cattle brain resulted in the formation of closed structures which immobilized rubidium and sodium ions and were easily discovered in electron microscope. Gradual release of bound rubidium ions was observed under the incubation of ultrasonic-treated membrane preparation in salt solutions. This process was activated by ATP. ATP-activated release of rubidium was observed only in the presence of sodium and was inhibited by ouabain. A hypothesis on the participation of sodium pump in the ion transport through membranes of artificial vesicles is discussed. | 128,387 | [
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Laparoscopy and laparotomy combined with bone marrow biopsy in staging Hodgkin's disease. | The relative merits of laparoscopy with liver and spleen biopsy and staging laparotomy were studied in 91 unselected patients with Hodgkin's disease. Laparoscopy with liver and spleen biopsy were combined with needle biopsy of the bone marrow and laparotomy was combined with open bone marrow biopsy. In 65 untreated patients six out of seven with liver or marrow disease, or both, were shown to have extranodal lymphomas in these sites by laparoscopy plus needle marrow biopsy. Among 26 patients who had been treated this finding occurred in six out of 10 patients. Spleen biopsies during laparoscopy detected infiltration by lymphoma in 14 out of 37 (38%) patients with diseases spleens. Morbidity was higher after laparotomy than after laparoscopy. Laparoscopy produced abdominal bleeding secondary to splenic biopsy in two patients. All patients with Hodgkin's disease should be subjected to laparoscopy plus needle marrow biopsy before undergoing laparotomy. | 128,399 | [
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Fate of streptozotocin (NSC-85998)in patients with advanced cancer. | We have investigated the distribution, biotranformation, and excretion of streptozotocin and its 14C- and 3H-labeled metabolities in 15 patients with advanced cancer. Streptozotocin was detected in the plasma during the first 3 hours after administration while radioactive products were present for longer than 24 hours. No unchanged streptozotocin was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); however, 14C-labeled metabolites were detected in the 2-hour CSF sample in a concentration equivalent to the 2-hour plasma level. H activity is the CSF was not detected at this time period. Radioactivity measured in biopsied tissues indicated that streptozotocin labeled with 14C and 3H or its metabolites penetrated tumor tissue. 14C tissue levels were found to approximate plasma levels; however, 3H levels were found to be greater than the corresponding plasma levels. Fifteen percent of the total dose of streptozotocin administered was recovered in the urine. 3H-labeled metabolites were recovered in excess of 60% in the urine, and approximately 30% of the 14C-labeled metabolites were recovered in the urine during a similar interval. Less than 1% of the administered 14C and 3H was recovered in the feces. 14C-labeled CO2 was also recovered, although quantitative recovery was not attained. At least three major metabolites of streptozotocin were detected in the urine by radiochromatography. Two metabolites contained only 3H and one metabolite contained both 14C and 3H in the same ratio as administered. | 128,410 | [
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Radiation response of multicell spheroids--an in vitro tumour model. | Multicell spheroids provide an in vitro tumour model of intermediate complexity between tumours and standard cell cultures. Spheroids of several varieties of normal and tumour cells have been grown and Chinese hamster V79-171b cells have been studied in detail. Spheroids simulate conditions in those solid tumours which contain nodular areas with necrosis at a distance from blood vessels and show a decrease in growth fraction as they increase in size. They contain radiation resistant chronically hypoxic cells which develop spontaneously as the spheroids grow, and exist in a tumour-like environment, yet retain their growth potential. Several assays have been developed or adapted for use in spheroid experiments to study cell properties and responses to treatment. These include many of the techniques used in tumour biology to determine the net response of the tumour, such as volume changes, histology, and net cell survival as well as more direct assays involving separation of subpopulations of cells. Methods were also developed to study in situ repair and repopulation processes after ionizing radiation or other cytotoxic agents. | 128,440 | [
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Secretion of hydrochloric acid in Ghosh-Lai rat preparation following stimulation with histamine and pentagastrin and inhibition by gastrone and atropine. | In this study of 48 successfully operated rats, we evaluated the applicability of the Ghosh-Lai stomach preparation to the quantitation of the HCl output following stimulation with histamine and pentagastrin and inhibition with gastrone and atropine. The usefulness of this rat preparation was well demonstrated and good duplication of results was obtained with various doses of histamine and pentagastrin. In this rat preparation, the HCl output following an optimal pentagastrin dose of 6 mug/kg/30 min i.v. was almost twice higher than that after an optimal histamine dose - for this rat preparation - of 0.2 mg/kg/30 min i.v. The inhibitory effect of gastrone B on histamine-stimulated HCl output has been confirmed in this rat preparation and shown to extend also on the pentagastrin-stimulated HCl secretion. The comparison of the atropine and gastrone inhibition of the pentagastrin-stimulated HCl output in the Ghosh-Lai preparation indicates that the inhibitory effect of 40 mug gastrone i.v. is similar in rat to that of 0.4 mg atropine sulfate i.v. under these conditions. | 128,483 | [
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[Hypotonic oesophagography using propanthelin bromide (Pro-Banthine) (author's transl)]. | Hypotonic oesophagography was performed in 149 patients after the intravenous injection of propanthelin bromide (Pro-Banthine). An injection of 0.25-0.50 mug/kg body weight led to hypotonia of the oesophagus in 96% of cases. During hypotonia, it was possible to demonstrate oesophageal varices in 24 out of 27 patients, and small hiatus hernias in 10 out of 23 patients. Conventional examination demonstrated oesophageal varices in only 13 of the 27 cases and hiatus hernias in four out of the 23 cases. Hypotonic oesophagography thus leads to an improvement in the accuracy in the diagnosis of oesophageal varices and small hiatus hernias. Following injections of Pro-Banthine, transient side effects were observed consisting of tachycardia, difficulties in accomodation, reduction in salivary excretion and difficulties in micturition. Pro-Banthine is contra-indicated in the presence of glaucoma, severe cardiac and circulatory diseases and urinary obstruction. | 128,497 | [
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Inactivation of carotenoid-producing and albino strains of Neurospora crassa by visible light, blacklight, and ultraviolet radiation. | Suspensions of Neurospora crassa conidia were inactivated by blacklight (BL) radiation (300 to 425 nm) in the absence of exogenous photosensitizing compounds. Carotenoid-containing wild-type conidia were less sensitive to BL radiation than albino conidia, showing a dose enhancement factor (DEF) of 1.2 for dose levels resulting in less than 10% survival. The same strains were about equally sensitive to shortwave ultraviolet (UV) inactivation. The kinetics of BL inactivation are similar to those of photodynamic inactivation by visible light in the presence of a photosensitizing dye (methylene blue). Only limited inactivation by visible light in the absence of exogenous photosensitizers was observed. BL and UV inactivations are probably caused by different mechanisms since wild-type conidia are only slightly more resistant to BL radiation (DEF = 1.2 at 1.0% survival) than are conidia from a UV-sensitive strain (upr-1, uvs-3). The BL-induced lethal lesions are probably no cyclobutyl pyrimidine dimers since BL-inactivated Haemophilus influenzae transforming deoxyribonucleic acid is not photoreactivated by N. crassa wild-type enzyme extracts, whereas UV-inactivated transforming deoxyribonucleic acid is photoreactivable with this treatment. | 128,556 | [
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Hyphal wall growth in Neurospora crassa and Geotrichum candidum. | Growth of the walls of hyphae of Neurospora crassa and Geotrichum candidum was studied using longitudinal and serial transverse sectioning methods. Rigidification of the hyphal wall below the extension zone did not appear to involve the gross formation of a secondary wall since the transition from extensible to non-extensible wall was not associated with an increase in thickness. However, behind the extension zone the walls leading hyphae of N. crassa increased in thickness until eventually they attained a thickness which was up to five times that of the tip wall. A hypothesis of hyphal wall growth is proposed. | 128,612 | [
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Mutagenic evaluation of antischistosomal drugs and their derivatives in Neurospora crassa. | The mutagenic activities of lucanthone, hycanthone, niridazole, and the indazole analogs of lucanthone (IA-3 and IA-5) or hycanthone (IA-4 and IA-6) were studied by assaying for the induction of specific locus mutations in the ad-3 region of N. crassa. The results show that lucanthone, hycanthone, and their indazole analogs (IA-3 through IA-6) are all mutagenic in N. crassa when conidia are treated with any of these compounds. On a per mole basis, hycanthone is the least toxic and mutagenic, whereas IA-3 is the most toxic and mutagenic compound among the six closely related agents. In general, compounds with a methyl group at the C-4 position are more mutagenic than compounds with a methanol group; 6-chloroindazole analogs are more mutagenic and more toxic than nonchlorinated analogs. Niridazole is not mutagenic when conidial suspensions are treated. However, the mutation frequency increased more than 50-fold when niridazole was added to the medium used to grow vegetative cultures. Thus, it appears that the mutagenic activity of this latter compound requires metabolic activation. | 128,637 | [
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Renal transplantation in prune belly syndrome. | The first reported case of renal transplantation in a patient with prune belly syndrome is presented. Transplanatation should be considered for patients with this syndrome in whom renal failure develops despite appropriate urologic reconstruction. A thorough preoperative evaluation ascertaining the status of the lower urinary tract is especially important in these patients. | 128,639 | [
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[The ultrastructive of spotty corneal dystrophy (Groenouw II) (author's transl)]. | Examination of the ultrastructure of cases of spotty corneal dystrophy (Groenouw II) showed polymorphous results in various layers of the cornea. Inclusions of acidic mucopolysaccharides occur in membrane surrounded storage granules and also in the free state. The results from sections of the central and peripheral regions are extraordinarily variable. The present investigations showed for the first time, that numerous vesicular inclusions can occur also in the boundary region between the stroma and Descemet's membrane. | 128,655 | [
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Physical and enzymatic properties of nucleotide-depleted beef heart mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase. | Tightly bound adenine nucleotides are removed from multiple binding sites on beef heart mitochondrial ATPase (F1) by chromatography on columns of Sephadex equilibrated with 50% glycerol. Release of nucleotides from the enzyme is associated with large decreases in sedimentation velocity (from 11.9 S to 8.4 S) which may be observed in concentrated solutions of polyols. Polyol-induced conformational changes are reversed when the enzyme is returned to dilute buffers. The nucleotide-depleted enzyme restores oxidative phosphorylation in F1-deficient submitochondrial particles. Reconstitution of nucleotide-depleted F1 with the ATP analog (adenylyl-imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP), almost 5 moles of AMP-PNP per mole of enzyme, results in preparations with substantially inhibited ATPase activity which nevertheless restores oxidative phosphorylation and the 32Pi-ATP exchange reaction in F1-deficient submitochondrial particles. Incubation of the analog-labeled enzyme with ATP and Mg++ results in partial displacement of the analog and a time-dependent recovery of ATPase activity. | 128,661 | [
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Mechanism of work-induced hypertrophy of skeletal muscle. | Skeletal muscle can undergo rapid growth in response to a sudden increase in work load. For example, the rat soleus muscle increases in weight by 40% within six days after the tendon of the synergistic gastrocnemius is sectioned. Such growth of the overworked muscle involves an enlargement of muscle fibers and occasional longitudinal splitting. Hypertrophy leads to greater maximal tension development, although decreased contraction time and reduced contractility have also been reported. Unlike normal developmental growth, work-induced hypertrophy can be induced in hypophysectomized or diabetic animals. This process thus appears independent of growth hormone and insulin as well as testosterone and thyroid hormones. Hypertrophy of the soleus can also be induced in fasting animals, in which there is a generalized muscle wasting. Thus muscular activity takes precedence over endocrine influences on muscle size. The increase in muscle weight reflects an increase in protein, especially sarcoplasmic protein, and results from greater protein synthesis and reduced protein breakdown. Within several hours after operation, the hypertrophying soleus shows more rapid uptake of certain amino acids and synthesis of phosphatidyl-inositol. By 8 hours, protein synthesis is enhanced. RNA synthesis also increases, and hypertrophy can be prevented with actinomycin D. Nuclear DNA synthesis also increases on the second day after operation and leads to a greater DNA content. The significance of the increased RNA and DNA synthesis is not clear, since most of it occurs in interstitial and satellite cells. The proliferation of the non-muscle cells seems linked to the growth of the muscle fibers; in addition, factors causing muscle atrophy (e.g. denervation) decrease DNA synthesis by such cells. In order to define more precisely the early events in hypertrophy, the effects of contractile activity were studied in rat muscles in vitro. Electrical stimulation enhanced active transport of certain amino acids within an hour, and the magnitude of this effect depended on the amount of contractile activity. Stimulation or passive stretch of the soleus or diaphragm also retarded protein degradation. Presumably these effects of mechanical activity contribute to the changes occuring during hypertrophy in vivo. However, under the same conditions, or even after more prolonged stimulation, no change in rates of protein synthesis was detected. These findings with passive tension in vitro are particularly interesting, since passive stretch has been reported to retard atrophy or to induce hypertrophy of denervated muscle in vivo. It is suggested that increased tension development (either passive or active) is the critical event in initiating compensatory growth. | 128,681 | [
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Survey of HBag hepatitis infection in a semi-closed community. | The presentation of one individual with HBAg-positive hepatitis in a semi-closed community led to the testing of 262 intellectually-handicapped persons and staff-members and to the detection of 12 others who were HBAg-positive. Only the presenting case and one other became unwell with hepatitis. Three other HBAg-positive individuals became negative within three months, none showing clinical or biochemical evidence of hepatitis. The remaining eight persons were still HBAg-positive six months later. Four of these had biochemical abnormalities suggesting they had suffered anicteric hepatitis while the remainder, three of whom had Down's syndrome, had no such changes and are therefore considered to be carriers of the infective agent. | 128,713 | [
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Inhibition by 2,4-dinitrophenol of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene carcinogenesis in the hamster cheek pouch. | After topical treatment of cheek pouches of 10 hamsters with 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene and 2,4-dinitrophenol for 10 weeks no carcinomas developed in any of the animals. After treatment of 10 animals with the carcinogen only, there were 49 carcinomas in the 8 survivors. Inhibition of chemical carcinogenesis by dinitrophenol was tentatively attributed to suppression of ATP synthesis and to activation of ATPase by dinitrophenol. | 128,726 | [
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Determination and characterization of ciliary ATPase in the presence of serum from cystic fibrosis patients. | The purpose of this investigation was twofold: (1) to identify and characterize the enzymatic ATP hydrolysis system of epithelial cilia, and (2) to develop a quantitative, biochemical test for the ciliotoxic cystic fibrosis (CF) factor based on inhibition of ATP utilization by ciliary preparations. Our rationale for selecting this system for CF factor analysis relates to the tight and essential mechanochemical coupling of functioning cilia. Using rabbit tracheal epithelium as the source, a high molecular weight (greater than 200,000) ATPase was identified, partially purified, and extensively characterized. The properties of this protein were similar to those observed in previous studies of others with flagellar and ciliary dynein (the motility-associated ATPase) isolated from microorganisms. Analysis of the pH profile revealed a broad range of high enzymatic activity between 6.5 and 9. Studies with potential cation activators showed that the enzyme is activated equally by either Ca2+ or Mg2+ in equimolar concentrations. No activation occurred in the presence of Zn2+, Na+, H+, or Na+ plus K+ and the effect of Mg2+ or Ca2+ was not inhibited by Na+, K+, or Na+ plus K+. The enzyme hydrolyzed Mg2+-containing solutions of UTP, CTP, and ADP at 51-54% the rate of ATP dephosphorylation, whereas Mg-deoxy-ATP was hydrolyzed 79% as effectively as ATP. Using a newly devised, analytical technique with [gamma-32P]ATP as the substrate, the ATP hydrolysis of various ciliary preparations from rabbit trachea and oyster gill (including motile suspensions) was monitored in the presence of sera from CF homo- and heterozygotes. Reproducible rates of ATP dephosphorylation averaging 27 nmol/min/mg protein were demonstrable with homogenates of ciliated epithelium. None of the test systems evaluated, however, were capable of demonstrating CF-related differences in ATPase activity or ATP utilization. Although these attemps have been unsuccessful thus far, the approach described in this report provides an example of an objective, quantitative, biochemical assessment of ciliary function. | 128,730 | [
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The role af amines in sexual activity of rats deprived of pineal gland. | The studies were performed on rat's males 4--5 months of age in which pineal glands had been destroyed by electrocaogulation when they were 20--25 days old. These males, submitted to the action of both pCPA and DOPA had stronger reaction to these compounds than the shame operated animals. The administration of pCPA together with COPA was followed by the occurence of very high sexual activity which was accompanied by the decrease in the levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA and the increase in DA level. DOPA together with Ro-4-4602 did not stimulate sexual behaviour although repeated administration resulted in the increase in DA level and the simulatneous decrease in 5-HT content. In these males, the observed increase in locomotor activity might be responsible for the reduced interest in females accompanying them. It seems that all the three amines play some role in sexual activity since the administration of compounds blocking respective receptors (pimozide-dopamine r., phentolamine-alpha-noradrenergic r., LSD 5-HT system antagonist) to males pretreated with DOPA and showing high sexual activity inhibited sexual activity. | 128,749 | [
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Actomyosin isolated from bovine tracheal smooth muscle. | A contractile protein (actomyosin) was isolated from bovine tracheal smooth muscle by the use of "classical" procedures. The protein was considered to be actomyosin because it demonstrated: ATPase activity; superprecipitation upon the addition of ATP, and the solubility and extraction characteristics of actomyosin. The ATPase and superprecipitation reactions were not inhibited by EGTA, and did not require calcium. Lack of an effect of either calcium or EGTA could not be reversed by the addition of active bovine skeletal muscle troponin and tropomyosin. No troponin-tropomyosin like activities could be demonstrated in various tracheal muscle fractions. | 128,759 | [
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[Major objectives of pathogenic therapy of septicemia]. | On the bases of the published data and their own experience the authors outline the context of the functional biochemical alterations that give an orientation in the choice of the major objectives of pathogenic therapy in the course of septicemias. Analysis of the frequency and intensity of these alterations make it possible to establish therapeutical priorities. In this sense it is demonstrated that hyperazotemia, hyperalbuminemia, low alkaline reserve, elevated serum lactate and a decrease in the plasma Na+/K+ ratio are characteristic of septicemia with a state of toxiinfectious shock. | 128,798 | [
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[The disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome and infection]. | The disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (1) Definition. History. (2) Etiopathogeny of the disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. (3) The clinical and laboratory diagnosis of the disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. (4) The principal infections in which the disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome has been described: bacterial, viral, rickettsial, parasitic, mycotic. (5) Treatment of the disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. | 128,799 | [
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[Pedodontics, a new teaching and examination specialty]. | Since 1969, pedodontia has become an official part of dental education in this country. In the study and examination plan, the requirements are accurately defined. The build up and scope of the pedodontic plan of instruction at the dental school of the University of Zurich during the last 3 years is described. | 128,815 | [
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Applications of diagnostic ultrasound and radionuclides to cardiovascular diagnosis. Part I. Acquired cardiovascular disease in the adult. | Noninvasive methods have become an important part of the diagnostic process for evaluation of cardiovascular anatomy and function in adults and in the young. Because there is a multiplicity of noninvasive methods presently available, in some cases with overlapping capabilities, there has been some confusion as to which constitutes the method of choice in a given clinical circumstance. The reviews that follow outline some of the practical strengths and limitations of two methods (echocardiography and radionuclide cardiography), hopefully thereby providing some rationale for choosing the more appropriate technique in the approach to specific clinical problems. We have found that the information available from radionuclide and from ultrasound studies frequently is complementary and that the most optimal diagnostic results often are obtained when they are combined. Since advances in technique and improvements in instrumentation are occurring continually in both of these areas, we have tried to provide only an overview. Further investigations and clinical experience will help to define the specificity, sensitivity, and capabilities of these methods in terms of present and future applications. | 128,821 | [
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Neurotic rachialgia. | After a discussion of the term "benign dorsalgia," and a description of the clinical picture of the syndrome, the term "neurotic rachialgia" is proposed as being more exact. In fact, pain is not always referred to the dorsal tract of the spine but to other areas as well. Furthermore, the syndrome is an expression of a neurotic condition. Diagnosis is based on exclusion: no clinical or radiologic signs are demonstrable. The utility of "relaxation therapy" is described by several technics. | 128,824 | [
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Permanent in-series cardiac assistance with the dynamic aortic patch: Blood-prosthesis interaction in long-term canine experiments. | The blood-prosthesis interaction of the dynamic aortic patch (DAP), an in-series assist device for permanent circulatory support which is implanted in the descending thoracic aorta, was studied in 65 long-term experiments. Periods of postoperative observation with the device inactive or activated ranged from 2 weeks to 22 months. The intravascular surface of the DAP, fabricated of Dacron velour backed by bioelectric polyurethane, displayed various degrees of organization, ranging from a thin fibrin layer to a well organized pseudointima. Activation of the system did not prevent the development of an organized pseudointima. Changes in free-plasma hemoglobin were minimal; platelet count per square millimeter and state of reactivity remained within normal limits. Evidence of renal embolization, attributable to activation of the device, was found in five animals. Frequent lethal complications were aortic rupture and infections of the thoracic cavity originating at the implantation site. Further improvement of the DAP and the techniques of implantation is indicated to insure its efficacy during long-term implantation and activation. | 128,839 | [
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Lymphocyte transformation induced by human granulocytes. | Contrary to previous reports, human granulocytes are capable of causing transformation of allogeneic lymphocytes. Pretreatment of granulocytes with mitomycin C results in nonstimulation, but untreated granulocytes are capable of stimulating lymphocytes. Nonstimulation with mitomycin C-treated granulocytes may result from the reduced viability of the cells. It is concluded that granulocytes possess alloantigens that stimulate lymphocytes in vitro. | 128,856 | [
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[Problems of the clinical diagnosis of myocarditis]. | Anamnesis, clinical findings, changes of the ECG, findings of X-ray examinations and biological reactions in 39 patients with myocarditis are discussed. For the diagnosis of myocarditis are discussed. For the diagnosis of myocarditis changes of the ECG, enlargement of the heart, cardiac insufficiency and disturbances of rhythm are of greatest importance. Changes in the ST-T-segment are non-specific. An exact anamnesis and a comparison with previous findings (X-ray serial examination, ECG) may give decisive hints. Biological reactions are often unreliable in making the diagnosis. There are no typical symptoms and findings for the diagnosis of the inflammatory disease of the myocardium. In the individual case the diagnosis of a myocarditis may be a tentative or excluded diagnosis. | 128,919 | [
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[Treatment of bradycardia with an atropine ester]. | In view of the unsatisfying drug treatment of bradycardias in most cases, clinical studies with new compounds seem to be urgent. A report is given on experiences with a derivative of atropine (gen. Ipratropiumpromid) in 34 cases suffering from various types of bradycardias. Comparing heart rate following intravenous injections of 0.5 to 1.0 mg, the new drug proved to be definitely more effective than atropine sulfate. Side effects were limited to diminution of salivary glands function. | 128,921 | [
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Autoradiographic study of chick limb cartilage in vivo and in vitro and its response to mitomycin C (MMC). | Effect of mitomycin C on mucopolysaccharide synthesis by the cartilage cells of chick limb bud (5-9 days old) was investigated both in vivo and in vitro by the uptake study of 35S. Control specimens (both in vivo and in vitro) showed higher concentration of silver grains, mostly intercellular, in the initial stages. Hypertrophy of cartilage cells at later stages reduced the matrix, leading to a corresponding decrease in the accumulation of silver grains. In the treated groups, both in vivo and in vitro, the silver grains were found to be less in number during the initial stage of growth than in the corresponding controls, due to the suppressive effect of the mitomycin C. However, during the later period of growth, uptake of 35S was more in the matrix of treated specimens, which was apparently not reduced due to lack of hypertrophy of cartilage cells. The mechanism of the suppressive effect of mitomycin C seems similar in vivo and in vitro. | 128,983 | [
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The maturation of reticulocytes. II. Life-span of red cells originating from stress reticulocytes. | Life-spans of macroreticuloytes and macrocytic red cells were studied. Rabbits were made anemic by injecting phenylhydrazine. Peripheral blood rich in reticulocytes was drawn, labeled with 3H-amino acids, and injected back into the anemic animal. Autoradiographic observation on circulating red cells revealed that macroreticulocytes matured at nearly the same time as normal-sized reticulocytes but that the macrocytic red cells had a short life-span compared to normal-sized red cells. | 128,992 | [
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27 Years of occupational dermatology in Finland. | A survey is given of the actual causes of occupational dermatoses and the variation in their incidence in a series of 4,529 patients seen at the out-patient clinic for skin diseases in the Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, and its precursor, during the 27-year period from 1946 to 1972. The overall incidence was highest for alkalis and detergents, cement, oil of turpentine and other solvents. Due to the increased use of synthetic resins in recent years a rise was seen in the frequency of eczema caused by these substances. Nevertheless, eczema due to rubber chemicals has also increased. The decreased incidence of turpentine eczema reflects its reduced use. In 45% of the cases the diagnosis was verified by positive epicutaneous tests. Of the 8,057 patients admitted because of a suspected occupational skin disorder, a non-occupational skin disease was diagnosed or the occupational origin remained unproved in 3,528 cases. The most important differential diagnoses and the differences in the location of the skin changes in the non-occupational as compared with the occupational group are discussed. | 129,055 | [
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[Effect of acetylcholine on Na, K-ATPase of synaptasomes]. | Effect of acetylcholine (ACh) on Na, K-ATPase system has a complex character. ACh concentration, as well as the type of membrane are responsible for the increase or decrease of Na, K-ATPase activity. The inhibition and activation capacity is not constant in different subcellular fractions. The maximal effect is observed in subcellular fractions rich in junctional complexes, whereas minimal effect is in microsomes. There is no effect in mitochondria and myelin at all. EGTA and EDTA removes the inhibition, but the activation remains unchanged. ACh is supposed to release from membrane structure Ca2+, which subsequently inhibits Na, K-ATPase. On the other hand, activation by ACh is the result of its direct effect. The inhibition prevails over the activation at high (2-10 mM) concentration of ACh, whereas at low (2mM) concentration it might be vice versa. Thus the effect of ACh on Na K-ATPase is the result of two different processes having opposite effects. | 129,168 | [
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[Respiration toxins as inhibitors of ion transport, supported by ATP hydrolysis, in mitochondria]. | Effect of respiration toxins is studied on some properties of mitochondrial membranes and functions connected with ion transport for the expence of ATP energy. The combination of three respiration inhibitors (cyanide, antimycin and rotenone) was shown to develope the following effects: 1) the inhibition of K+ accumulation by mitochondria at the presence of ATP and valinomycin; 2) the decrease in acidification of non-mitochondrial space, accompanying to the K+ transport; 3) the activation of latent mitochondrial ATPase; 4) the inhibition of DNP-stimulated ATPase; 5) the inhibition of mitochondria swelling, caused by K+, Ca2+, or dimethyldibenzylammonium (DDA+) at the presence of ATP+phopshate (or acetate); 6) the stimulation of passive mitochondria swelling in 0.1 MNH4NO3; 7) the inhibition of ATP-induced contraction of mitochondria, swelling in NH4NO3. The data obtained are discussed in a wiev of the conception, which suggests that the attaching of inhibitors to respiration enzymes changes the configuration of the latters, thus disturbing natural structural bond of these enzymes with other protein components of the membrane. The latter can result in the impair of electroisolating membrane properties, in the increase of its conductivity for H+ and other ions, and in the decrease of Vm values of some enzymatic reaction, which are not directly connected with the respiration chain (such as ATPase reaction). | 129,171 | [
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... |
In vitro metabolism of red blood cells from newborn and adult goats. | The erythrocytes of newborn and adult goats were studied with respect to GSH stability, GSH regeneration, levels of ATP and 2, 3-DPG, glucose consumption and activities of nine different enzymes of Embden-Meyerhof and pentose phosphate pathways of glucose metabolism. Red cells from newborn goats had significantly higher levels of ATP and 2, 3-DPG. The activities of all the enzymes measured were also significantly greater in the newborn. It is suggested that newborn goats possess red blood cells that are metabolically more active than those of adult goats. | 129,176 | [
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... |
[Trial prevention of the embryolethal properties of suramin in the mouse by adjuvant progesterone]. | Suramine, a trypanocidal drug, has an embryo-lethal and teratogenic action in Rodents. Like Triton W.R. 1339 suramine modifies the lysosomes of the visceral yolk sac. In the mouse the attempts to correct the embryolethal action by a simultaneous progesterone treatment failed while the hormonal treatment is capable to suppress the embryolethality in Triton W.R. 1339 treated mice. | 129,191 | [
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[Late perturbations of the central nervous system compatible with life. 5. Study of learning aptitude of the offspring after administration of anticerebroside serum to pregnant female and newborn rats]. | Rabbits are injected with cerebrosids, cholesterol and albumen. Their serum, titrated for anticerebrosids antibodies, was injected into female rats on the 18th, 19th and 20th days of gestation and into the offspring aged 5, 9 and 14 days. The learning ability of the little rats was explored at the age of 1-1/2, 3, 4-1/2 and 6 months. Only the offspring of non-treated mothers and treated themselves present an important alteration of their learning ability, particularly if the injection is on the 5th post-natal day. These results are discussed. | 129,197 | [
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[Biological assay of hypophyseal gonadotropins in the male rat (statistical study)]. | The reproductibility, the experimental and statistical procedures of FSH and LH bioassays are studied. The estrogen pretreatment of animals increases, considerably the responsiveness and reliability of the LH bioassays. FSH levels have been determined, by the methods for parallel line assays, in the pituitary gland of normal rats and three days or seventeen days orchiectomized rats. | 129,202 | [
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... |
[Action of an ovulation stimulator on the genital function of the female rat]. | Effect of cyclofenil on genital function implied organs, is studied in cyclic female rats injected s. cut: 0.5, 5 or 50 mg/kg/day, during 12 days. The treatment increases pituitary, adrenal and uterine weights, decreases ovarian weight, adrenal and ovarien cholesterol. These data suggest that cyclofenil acts directly or undirectly at different levels of hypothalamo-pituitary-genital axis with central inhibition and light peripheral stimulation. | 129,203 | [
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[Relationship between the level of mineralocorticoid arterial hypertension and calcium metabolism in the rat]. | In mineralocorticoid hypertension in the rat, calcium metabolism was disturbed. A positive correlation was found during the onset of hypertension between, urinary calcium and arterial pressure. After several weeks, when hypertension was sustained, calcium parameters returned to control values. | 129,220 | [
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... |
[Determination of LD7a structures on human lymphocytes]. | The non-stimulation of DNA synthesis in human lymphocytes in the one way mixed lymphocyte culture conditions allows the typing for LD determinants. The authors describe their technique together with their cryo-preservation procedure and the results obtained in 24 control population and 26 multiple sclerosis patients tested for the presence of the LD7a determinant. | 129,235 | [
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[Catecholamines in the sub-esophageal ganglia and the hemolymph of the giant African snail (Achatina fulica Férussac) determined by gas chromatography]. | The content of three catecholamines (dopamine, L-norepinephrine and L-epinephrine) in the subesophageal ganglia and the hemolymph of Achatina fulica Férussac was measured by a gas chromatograph with electron capture detector. The dopamine content of the ganglia was 4.3 +/- 0.9 mug/g. L-Norepinephrine and L-epinephrine in the ganglia were not detected. The three catecholamines in the hemolymph were also not detected. | 129,245 | [
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[Hepatotropism of Tyzzer bacteria in experimentally infected chick embryos]. | Tyzzer's organism from mice propagated more remarkably in hepatocytes than in yolk-sac epithelial cells producing confluent necrosis of the liver after intravenous as well as intravitelline inoculation. Some lesions with bacterial growth were also produced in the heart muscles and kidneys. The organisms from mouse, rat, hamster and kitten were shown to be equally pathogenic for chick embryos. | 129,246 | [
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[The effect of freezing on the electrophoretic separation of hemolymph proteins of several arthropods]. | Electrophoresis in 6% or gradient polyacrylamide gel were realised with fresh and stored hemolymphs. The experiments state that there are variations in relation to storage duration, in the separation pattern of hemocyanin fractions in Astacus leptodactylus, Palinurus vulgaris and Carcinus mediterraneus. Moreover, important changements in the supplementary factor of crayfish plasma are revealed. | 129,254 | [
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[A model of sweating during muscular exercise]. | From a practical viewpoint, thermal sweating during exercise can be described by an exponential equation. The errors from this mathematical model are of few importance. Nevertheless, metrologic and physiological factors can complicate theoretically the model. | 129,256 | [
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[The effect of 4-aminopyridine of the synaptic activity in the last abdominal ganglion of the cockroach (Periplaneta americana)]. | Synaptic action of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) has been studied in the sixth abdominal ganglion of the cockroach. Our results show that 4-AP has a strong excitatory effect on the ganglion and its seems that it depolarizes as well the pre and postsynaptic membranes. The threshold concentration is about 10(-5) M. | 129,257 | [
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0.255889... |
[Association in organ culture of the hypophysis and glandular tissue of the testis of Gobius niger L]. | Pituitaries of Gobium niger are previously cultured separately for periods of time varying from 6 to 20 days. Therafter, their gonadotropic potency is tested by associating them during three days with explants of glandular tissue from testis as effectors: in each case, a new fish gives a controll pituitary and three testicular explants. The latter are distributed into (1) controll explant, (2) explant associated with controll pituitary, (3) explant associated with a previously cultured pituitary. The results indicate that a gonadotropic potency subsists in the pituitary even after 20 days of isolated culture. | 129,262 | [
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[Plasma Ca, Na, and K levels during the hibernation of hedgehogs, common dormice, and garden dormice]. | The plasmatic rate of Ca, Na and K are nearly constant during the deep lethargy of hedgehogs, common dormice and garden dormice and little differ from those measured in the active animals at 22 degrees C. Only the kaliemies of the hibernating common dormice and garden dormice are very low. The evolution of the three parameters during the alternance lethargy and periodic arousal has been analysed in terms of the metabolic and endocrinian changes which occur at those moments. | 129,269 | [
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[Short term effects of docosenoic acid-containing oils on rat cardiac lipids: colza oil and partially hydrogenated herring oil]. | Partially hydrogenated herring oils induce a cardiac lipidosis after a few days of feeding in the Rat. The level of C 22 : 1 in the oil, its chemical structure (erucic acid or isomers) as well as the presence of linoleic acid seem to have an effect upon the intensity of the phenomenon. | 129,272 | [
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[Atomic absorption spectrophotometry of rubidium levels in several biological media. Technical problems and preliminary results]. | The mean of Rubidium rates in human plasma is found in the range of 0,1 mg/l with poor fluctuations; it is significantly less in woman than in man. There is a good linear correlation between rates in plasma and in red cell, rates which are in the same relation than potassium ones. Mean urinary clearance of rubidium is 16 ml/mm but there are large variations. | 129,276 | [
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... |
Differential effects of mercurial compounds on excitable tissues. | Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), Ca2+ plus Mg2+-ATPase, and Ca2+-ionophore were obtained from white rabbit skeletal muscles. Methylmercury inhibited the Ca2+ plus Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-transport but had no effect on the Ca2+-ionophore. Mercuric chloride inhibited all three functions (i.e., ATPase, transport and ionophoric activity). The mechanism of HgCl2 inhibition of the Ca2+-ionophore was by competition with Ca2+ for Ca2+-ionophoric site whereas its inhibition of the enzyme and Ca2+-transport was due to the blockage of essential sulfhydryl (--SH) groups. Ca2+ plus Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-transport were more sensitive to methylmercury than to HgCl2. Acetylcholine receptor (AChR) was obtained for the electric organ of T. californica. Methylmercury inhibited the ACh binding to AChR WITH Ki = 5.7 - 10(-6) M. This effect was not due to mercuric ion alone since mercuric chloride up to 10(-4) M did not affect ACh binding to AChR. It is concluded that: the Ca2+ plus Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-transport contain --SH groups essential for their activity, and that the two functions are tightly coupled; the Ca2+-ionophore contains no --SH groups essential for its activity; CH3HgCl inhibition of Ca2+ plus Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-transport is partly due to its reactivity with --SH groups in hydrophobic environment; the Ca2+-transport is inhibited by HgCl2 through two processes, one which is the blockage of --SH groups and another which is the inhibition of the Ca2+-ionophoric site; and the inhibition of ACh binding to AChR is due to the blockage of --SH groups in hydrophobic environment, which is inaccessible to Hg2+. Our data present for the first time a molecular basis for the myopathy associated with mercurial compounds toxicity. | 129,302 | [
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Adaptations of the left ventricle to chronic pressure overload. | Left ventricular (LV) function during the adaptation to chronic pressure overload produced by an ascending aortic constriction was analyzed in conscious dogs, instrumented with intraventricular micromanometers and pairs of ultrasonic crystals for measurement of LV wall thickness (WTh) and internal LV chamber diameter. During inflation of the cuff to produce LV pressures averaging 220 mg Hg, calculated peak wall stress (WSt) increased by 55% above control while percent shortening decreased by 24% and mean circumferential shortening velocity (VCF) decreased by 39% from control. By 9 days (mean) after aortic constriction, the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the LV wall increased by 10% and peak WSt fell to 37% above control. End-diastolic diameter (EDD) increased to 4% above control, while percent shortening and mean VCF remained reduced at -12% and -20% of control, respectively. During the phase of concentric hypertrophy (mean 2 1/2 weeks), CSA increased further to 15% above control and WSt fell to 22% above control, while EDD and percent shortening returned to control and mean VCF increased to -7% of control (not significant). At 24 hours after release of the cuff WSt, percent shortening, mean VCF, and peak velocity of LV pressure rise (peak dP/dt) were not significantly different from control. Rapid, partial regression of hypertrophy was observed in some dogs. Thus, the left ventricle responds to chronically elevated pressure by initial dilation with increased WSt followed by gradual wall thickening and consequent reduction of WSt to near normal. After successful adaptation to the pressure overload, hypertrophy per se did not produce intrinsic depression of the myocardial inotropic state. | 129,304 | [
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0.05701843,
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p-Chloroamphetamine (PCA): acute and chronic effects on habituation and sensitization of the acoustic startle response in rats. | In a series of 6 experiments the effects of p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) on the acoustic startle response in rats were investigated. 15 min after 5 mg/kg PCA startle amplitude was inhibited, 2-15 hr after PCA startle was facilitated. Rate of habituation however was not altered. Both the inhibitory and excitatory effects of PCA were blocked by pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine but not by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine. 24 hr, 1 week and 4 weeks after PCA, initial startle amplitude was unchanged but PCA increased rate of sensitization over successive tone blocks. Increased sensitization was most pronounced at 10 mg/kg and absent at 2.5 mg/kg. The early inhibitory effect of PCA but not the later facilitatory effect was eliminated by reducing the level of background noise. The results suggest that inhibition of startle sensitization is associated with enhanced release of serotonin (5-HT) whereas enhancement of startle sensitization is associated with 5-HT depletion. | 129,331 | [
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-0.2203292,
0.03318747... |
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