title stringlengths 0 901 | abstract stringlengths 3 9.89k | PMID int64 22 25.3M | embedding listlengths 768 768 |
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Synthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycans by the three cell types of the rabbit cornea in culture. | Rabbit corneal cells were cultivated for 21 days and then exposed to Na235SO4, a precursor of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAG). All 3 cell types of the cornea, the fibroblasts, the epithelial as well as the endothelial cells, synthesize GAG. The fractionation-patterns of the epithelial and endotherlial GAG are almost identical and differ clearly from the one of fibroblastic GAG. | 129,334 | [
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[Haustral changes in the colon due to diseases of the pancreas and stomach (author's transl)]. | The radiological anatomy of the colon, as shown by double contrast enema, is described. Changes in the haustral pattern may often be due to lesions outside the colon. | 129,410 | [
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[Theoretical investigations for optimising the quantum in radiodiagnosis (author's transl)]. | On the basis of the present calculations, it is possible to determine the optimal exposure energies for any object of combination of materials. The results of the present investigation contradict present day practice. Calculated energies are sometimes much higher than those employed at present. This has certain definite advantages; reduced radiation dose to the object; a less sharp decline of contrast with high kilovoltage. Unfortunately it is only possible to guess at the causes of this difference. Further investigations, dealing particularly with the effect of spectral energy distribution under certain conditions, are in progress. Investigations into the sensitivity of intensifiers and film/screen combinations, combined with a comparison with calculated energies would be valuable. | 129,414 | [
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Phage group II staphylococcal strains with chromosomal and extrachromosomal genes for exfoliative toxin production. | Staphylococcal phage group 2 strain UT0007 was previously shown to contain a high-molecular-weight plasmid containing genes for exfoliative toxin (ET) and bacteriocin production. Phage group 2 strains UT0002 and UT0003 (Tox+Bac-) underwent a twofold and ninefold loss of ET activity, respectively, after growth at 44 C for 18 h. Strain UT0002 also lost total bacteriocin activity. Both strains contained (i) a 56S plasmid that was lost from those substrains showing reduced ET activity and (ii) a 21S plasmid with a gene for cadmium resistance that could be transduced into two recipient strains. Since the ET plasmid-negative substrains still made ET, it was postulated that this residual toxin was made from chromosomal genes. In characterizing the plasmid species from strains UT0002 and UT0003, the 21S but little or no 56S plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid could be isolated after centrifugation of cleared lysates from these strains on dye-buoyant density gradients. Treatment of cleared lysates from strain UT0002 with ethidium bromide, Pronase, or sodium dodecyl sulfate, but not heat at 60 C, induced conversion of the 56S closed circular ET plasmid to a 38S open circular form as determined after centrifugation on 5 to 20% neutral sucrose gradients. | 129,438 | [
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Effects of enforced relocation on life adjustment in a nursing home. | A group of 75 institutionalized elderly patients was studied to determine the relationship of involuntary relocation to life adjustment in a nursing home. Data were collected by means of medical records and structured questionnaire. Patients who had experienced enforced relocation from other institutions expressed greater life dissatisfaction than those who had relocated voluntarily fissatisfaction was correlated with financial dependence, poor health, and limited social participation. Length of stay in the institution was not related to life satisfaction. The evidence suggests that involuntary placement, multiple moves, disruption of social networks, and financial dependence may contribute to life dissatisfaction among institutionalized elderly. | 129,439 | [
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Purification and characterization of a DNA-dependent ATPase from Escherichia coli. | A DNA-dependent ATPase has been isolated and purified from an Escherichia coli cell-free extract. The ATPase has the following characteristics: preferential dependence on single-stranded DNA, specificity for ATP hydrolysis, Km value of 1.4 X 10-4 M for ATP, and molecular weight of approximately 69,000. The ATPase can be shown to bind to single stranded DNA. The resemblance between this ATPase and that isolated from vaccinia cores is discussed. | 129,472 | [
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Degradation of cartilage proteoglycan by human leukocyte granule neutral proteases--a model of joint injury. II. Degradation of isolated bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan. | Extracts of human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocyte granules, and two purified proteases derived from such extracts, an elastase and a chymotrypsin-like enzyme, degrade isolated bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan at neutral pH. Viscosity studies indicate that the leukocyte granule extracts lack hyaluronidase activity and that their degradative effect on proteoglycan at physiological pH is due entirely to proteolytic action. Sepharose 4B gel chromatography and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteoglycan fractions treated with leukocyte granule enzymes at pH 7.0 indicate that they degrade one of the proteoglycan link proteins, release a fragment from the hyaluronic acid-binding portion of the proteoglycan subunit core protein, and break down the remainder of the proteoglycan subunit molecule into peptide fragments with varying numbers of chondroitin sulfate chains. Immunodiffusion studies indicate that the antigenic determinants of the proteoglycan subunit core protein and the link proteins survive treatment with granule proteases. Similar degradation of human articular cartilage proteoglycan by granule neutral proteases can be presumed to occur, in view of the similarity of structure of human articular and bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycans. The release of granule enzymes in the course of neutrophil-mediated inflammation can thus result in the degradation of cartilage matrix proteoglycan, leading to cartilage destruction and joint injury. | 129,483 | [
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Stoichiometry of sodium and potassium transport in erythrocytes from patients with myotonic muscular dystrophy. | 1. 22Na and 42K radioisotopes were used to measure Na efflux and K influx in identical suspensions of fresh erythrocytes from myotonic dystrophy patients and matched controls under the same conditions and in the same time interval. K was present in concentration 10 mM in the suspending medium to prevent Na-for-Na exchange. Each flux was measured in the presence and absence of ouabain. The mean ouabain-sensitive Na efflux rate in controls (2-33+/-0-13, S.E. of mean, m-equiv/1. cells.hr) was significantly greater (P less than 0-001) than the corresponding rate in myotonic dystrophy (1-64+/-0-09). 2. No significant differences between myotonic dystrophy and controls in mean ouabain-insensitive Na efflux, mean ouabain-sensitive K influx, or mean ouabain-insensitive K influx were found. 3. The stoichiometric ratio (ouabain-sensitive Na efflux)/(ouabain-sensitive K influx) was determined for each flux experiment. The mean stoichiometric ratio determined in controls (1-46+/-0-08) reconfirms extensive previous evidence favouring a 3Na-for-2K active exchange in controls. 4. The mean stoichiometric ratio determined in myotonic dystrophy (1-01+/-0-06) is statistically significantly different (P less than 0-001) from that in controls. These findings are interpreted as indication of 2Na-for-2K exchange in erythrocytes from patients with myotonic dystrophy. | 129,563 | [
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Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with partial lipodystrophy: discordant occurrence in identical twins. | The course of disease of a patient with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and partial lipodystrophy is described. The case is further characterized by a deficiency of C3 and C3- activator, by normal values of C4, by evidence of the nephritogenic factor, by raised fibrin degradation products and by an unselective proteinuria. The course of the glomerulonephritis runs parallel to a pronounced susceptibility to infection (at first varicella, tonsillitis and measles, later pneumonia, meningitis, encephalitis and hepatitis). On account of a nephrotic syndrome and an initative impairment of the renal function, a cytostatic treatment was begun, which although raising the C3 level did not influence the further course of the disease. As the patient has a healthy identical twin sister without lipodystrophy, who shows no reduction in C3 and no nephritogenic factor, this case proves that these diseases are acquired and not genetically determined. | 129,586 | [
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Surgical treatment of aneurysm of the ascending aorta with aortic insufficiency and marked displacement of the coronary ostia. | Six patients with a large aneurysm of the ascending aorta involving the root of the aorta and severe aortic valve insufficiency owing to marked annular dilatation were treated by replacement of the ascending aorta and aortic valve with a composite unit. It was also necessary to transpose the origin of the coronary arteries with the use of saphenous vein grafts. In 3 patients, the aneurysm was due to a chronic dissection. In one patient, the aneurysm extended beyond the arch of the aorta. There were no operative deaths. One patient died suddenly of pulmonary emboli 11 months after surgery. The remaining 5 patients are doing well, 5 months to 4 years postoperatively. | 129,589 | [
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[Onychomyosis caused by Trichopyton soudanense. 1st isolation in Venezuela]. | Trichophyton soudanense is a dermatophyte wich is of highest incidence in Africa. Cases of tinea produced by this fungus have been described in England, Switzerland, Germany, Australia, the United States and Brazil. This investigation reports the first isolation of this fungus in Venezuela, from a lesion of the nail in a female patient who has always resided in Venezuela. The identification of this fungus was based on macroscopic and microscopic morphological characteristics; biological properties, scare or no growth when the only nitrogen source in the culture medium is provided by potassium or ammonium nitrate, and the production of dark pigment when inoculated in Lowenstein-Jensen medium. Experimental innoculation in animals produced an endothrix parasitism of the hair. Reference is made ot the incidence of the most frequently occuring dermatophytes in Venezuela. | 129,593 | [
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[Punctate porokeratotic keratodermia associated with hepatic cirrhosis]. | A case of non familial Punctate Porokeratotic Keratoderma in a man with liver cirrhosis is reported. The relation between both syndroms as well as the possible nevoid origin of this type of porokeratose is discussed. | 129,594 | [
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[The importance of the vertebral venous plexus for the occurrence of haematogenous metastases in malignant diseases of the head and neck (author's transl)]. | The analysis of observation about the progress of 1136 malignant diseases of the epi- and mesopharynx and of the nasal cavity and sinuses from the ENT-Clinic of Jena showed in 16 to 18 per cent of the cases haematogenous metastases observed only in a third to a half in the lung. If the lung had been spared especially the axial skeleton and the liver had metastases. This finding was especially significant in cases of epipharyngeal carcinomas. The discussion about the causes of the frequent occurence of metastases in the axial skeleton led to the supposition, that an independent way of the spreading of haematogenous metastases via the vertebral venous system and the azygos veins could be possible. | 129,608 | [
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[The cryoeffect on the growing bone (morphological findings on the kneejoints of rabbits as an example) (author's transl)]. | The cryoeffect on growing long bones is studied. The kneejoints including the bordering surrounding epiphyseal disks of the femur, tibia and fibula of 35 young (4-6 weeks old) and 6 adult rabbits were frozen by dipping the knee joints totally or partially into liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees C). The freezing time varies 3-5 min. After different times of survival maximally up to 397 days the animals are sacrified. The length of the cryosurgical treated and untreated extremities are measured and the kneejoints, especially the epiphyseal disks, are studied lightmicroscopically. Totally or partially frozen joints show after a complete necrosis in the phase of regeneration and reparation an uncoordinated overgrowth of cartilage-and bone cells and a proliferation of connective tissue with deformation of the epiphysis. The above mentioned facts and the disturbance of growth in length in young animals is mainly caused by the irregular function of the epiphysical disks after being treated cryosurgically. Also the epiphysical disks being only partially treated cryosurgically show growth disturbances and deformities. Deducing from the animal experiments clinical cryosurgery, has to be applied with extreme caution in the surrounding area of growing bone in children so that the centers of growing bone are not be frozen. Treating bones of adult rabbits cryosurgically there are only time limited reversible morphological findings so that clinically cryosurgery can be used in the surroundings areas of adult bones, especially joints, without any remarkable morphological long term findings. | 129,609 | [
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[Experimental investigation concerning the substitution of the orbital floor of the cat (author's transl)]. | In 12 cats the floor of the orbit including the infraorbital margin had been totally resected on both sides. The 24 orbital defects were substituted by complete homologous floors of the orbit which had been preserved in thiomersalate, autologous bone from the tegmen of the sinus frontalis of cats, autologous and homologous cartilage and lyophilizised human dura. All implants healed well. It was found that both autologous and homologous bone implants gave the most stable mechanical connection to the orbital wall. Histological new bone formation was present at 6 months in the homologous bone transplant. This work raises the probability of the use of homograft orbital floor in surgical management of trauma to the orbit. | 129,617 | [
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[Metabolic enzymes in human nasal mucus under physiological and pathophysiological conditions of the mucous membrane (author's transl)]. | In the human nasal mucus several enzymes of the intermediary metabolism are present. Due to secreted albumin the enzyme-levels are determined in different diseases of the upper respiratory tract. It is possible to differentiate viral rhinitis from bacterial or allergic or atrophic rhinitis by a significant increase of the activities of GOT, LDH and CPK. | 129,629 | [
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[The effect of various aerosols on nasal ventilation (rhinomanometric investigations (author's transl)]. | Rhinomanometry is useful for estimating the reactions of nasal mucosa to saline aerosol inhalations. The resistance of the whole nose provides insufficient evidence. Reactions on one side of the nose clearly show that--it is possible to differentiate qualitatively and quantitatively between the first and the second stage after inhalation. The reaction on one side of the nose may be opposite in character to the other side. The same person may respond in a contrary manner on different days both qualitatively and quantitatively. Patients with rhinitis and allergy react particularly briskly. The problems of nasal dynamics are indicated. | 129,632 | [
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[Lethal aspergillosis of the paranasal sinuses (author's transl)]. | A 73-year-old farmer developed both blindness of his left eye and a 20 kg loss of weight within 3 months. A protrusion of his left eyebulb was observed, which suggested the retrobulbar growth of a tumor. Histologic examinations of several biopsies from the paranasal sinuses evidenced polypoid tissue with signs of chronic inflammation, ulceration, and fungus infection. The patient died in cerebral coma. The autopsy revealed a destruction of the cranial base by a chronic mycocenic osteomyelitis, a frontal lobe abscess, and a fungus invasion of the internal carotid artery with circumscribed thrombosis of this vessel and adjacent encephalomalazie. The fungus was identified morphologically as aspergillus, a rare differential diagnosis to paranasal malignancies. | 129,647 | [
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Biogenesis of mitochondria 36, The genetic and biochemical analysis of a mitochondrially determined cold sensitive oligomycin resistant mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with affected mitochondrial ATPase assembly. | The isolation and characterisation of a mutant affecting the assembly of mitochondrial ATPase is reported. The mutation confers resistance to oligomycin and venturicidin and sensitivity of growth on nonfermentable substrates to low temperature (19degrees). Genetic analysis indicates that the phenotype is due to a single mutation located on the mitochondrial DNA which is probably allelic with the independently isolated oligomycin resistance mutation [oli1-r]. Growth of the mutant at the non-restrictive temperature (28degrees) yields mitochondria in which the ATPase appears more sensitive to oligomycin than that of the sensitive parental strain. However, when the enzyme is isolated free from the influence of the membrane strong resistance to oligomycin is evident. These data suggest that the component responsible for the oligomycin resistance of the ATPase is part of or subject to interaction with the mitochondrial inner membrane. Measurements of the ATPase content of mitochondria indicate that ATPase production is impaired during growth at 19degreesC. In addition, studies of the maximum inhibition of mitochondrial ATPase activity by high concentrations of oligomycin suggest a selective lesion in ATPase assembly at low temperature. The nett result is that during growth at 19degrees only about 10% of the normal level of ATPase is produced of which less than half is membrane integrated and thus capable of oxidative energy production. We propose that the mutation affects a mitochondrially synthesised membrane sector peptide of the ATPase which defines the interaction of F1ATPase with specific environments on the mitochondrial inner membrane. | 129,672 | [
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Kinetics of mucous cells in bronchial and bronchiolar epithelia during aerogenic elicitation with aspergillary proteins. A quantitative cytologic study. | During a prolonged exposure of rabbits to aerosols with asperigillary antigens, the content of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelia in mucus-secreting cells was quantified. In normals, the mucous cells do not exceed 3.2 per cent in bronchial epithelium and 0.44 per cent in bronchiolar one. After exposure, these proportions rapidly increase, after a primary discharge of goblet cells. The mucous cells become a majority after 7 exposures in bronchi and after 21 in bronchiolar epithelium. The maturation is more rapid in bronchioli than in bronchi. The secretion of neutral and acid mucopolysaccharides is early, concomitant in the same bronchus, and predominantly located in the impingement zones, especially the bifurcations of bronchial tree. The mitoses are extremely rare in exposed bronchi, but the epithelial and mesenchymal alveolar cells present a high mitotic index (1.14%) 24 hours after the second exposure to antigens. | 129,684 | [
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[Polyamides and esters of terephthalic acid used in the production of medical articles to be sterilized by accelerated electrons]. | The paper concerns the study on the resistance of home-made polyamides and polyterephthalic acid esters used for manufacture of medical equipment to the effect of accelerated electron radiation. The studied polyamides were found to be unfit for medical articles manufacture without removal of soluble components of the plastics. Sterilization with accelerated electrons results in limited advantageous changes in polyamide properties. Medical articles made of polyethylene terephthalate can be successfully sterilized in electron accelerator with no changes in characteristics even upon prolonged storage. | 129,767 | [
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0.1784821,
0.5090528,
0.3324033,
-0.07730088,
0.1379589,
-0.1205202,
-0.09650378,
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-0.09245027,
-0.2876892,
0.5107499,
0.1491376,
-0.09535091,
-0.2064814,... |
Modulation of myosin in right ventricular hypertrophy. | Mild pulmonic stenosis was performed in dogs to evaluate the effect of systolic pressures overloading on the activity and subunits of myosin in the early hypertrophied right ventricle. Three weeks following pulmonary constriction, six hypertrophied dogs were sacrificed and compared to six sham-operated dogs which served as controls. In the right ventricular free wall of hypertrophied right ventricles (HRV), the heart/body weight was 46% greater than that of normal right ventricles (NRV) (p less than 0.01). Myosin ATPase activity (Vmax values) in mumoles phosphate/mg/min, was elevated significantly in the stressed ventricle for both K+ and Ca++ activity in hypertrophied right ventricles. Associated with the increase in myosin activity, there was an increase in proportion of heavy to light chains in myosin from HRV. There were approximately 2 moles of myosin light chains per mole of myosin heavy chains in NRV and approximately 1 mole of myosin light chains per mole of myosin heavy chains in HRV. The proportion of light chain C1 to C2, did not change in myosin from NRV and HRV. Of the C1 light chains, according to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, there was less C1d as compared to C1c in HRV as compared to NRV. Thus K+- and Ca++- activated myosin is elevated in early canine HRV by pressure overload. It is suggested taht the augmented myosin activity is due to a reduction of light chain inhibition of myosin ATPase activity, which appears to result from the slower turnover rate of myosin light chains relative to heavy chains. Furthermore, when myosin light chains are added to hypertrophied right ventricular myosin, the ATPase activity is lowered. | 129,838 | [
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... |
LD homozygous cells in the Warao population: a possible new allele at the LD1 locus within the main histocompatibility region in man. | A Venezuelan isolate indigenous population, the Warao, with a very large proportion of HL-A identical unrelated subjects non-reacting in MLC, has been considered a good potential source of LD homozygous cells. Cultures with lymphocytes from the members of several selected Warao families were performed with this aim and results obtained from three families are reported. In two of the families the parents share haplotype 2,5 and two of the siblings are SD double homozygous 2,5; in the third family, the common haplotype was 2,W15 and two of the siblings are also double homozygous 2,W15. Mixed lymphocyte cultures within the families have revealed that the SD homozygous children do not stimulate the cells from either parent thus being LD homozygous as well. Negative bilateral stimulation between 2,5 LD homozygous cells indicates that the LD1 allele carried by these individual's lymphocytes is the same; the negative MLC response of the 2,W15 LD homozygous cells to the 2,5 cells used as stimulators suggest either that their LD determinant is identical or the LD W15 allele is included in the LD5. As the Warao show a very large proportion of MLC identical individuals and a very high incidence of HL-A5 and W15, it is postulated that the LD allele(s) here described will be found in high frequency in this population. | 129,884 | [
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... |
Segregation of HL-A27 and ankylosing spondylitis in an informative kindred. | A family with high prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis (A.S.) was investigated for the presence of HL-A27. In this family, classical A.S. occurred in five subjects and possible A.S. in two out of 64 members examined. In all seven cases, HL-A27 was present. The study of the segregation of A.S. and HL-A27 in this kindred demonstrates that more than one gene is responsible for the expression of A.S., that the homozygous state for the HL-A27 gene may lead to the occurrence of A.S., and that possibly a simple genetic explanation accounts for the simultaneous transmission of HL-A27 and A.S. | 129,885 | [
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0... |
Extraction of an inhibitory substance from rat liver on rat brain ATPase. | A substance, which can be extracted from rat liver and partially purified, has been tested for its effect on the activity of ATPase in rat brain. This substance inhibited the ATPase activity significantly, and the inhibitory effect was not eliminated by the addition of catecholamines such as epinephrine and dopamine. | 129,886 | [
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... |
Renal failure during intermittent rifampicin therapy. | Two patients who developed reversible renal failure during intermittent rifampicin therapy are described. Both had febrile reactions to rifampicin. The first was also found to have uraemia associated with swelling of the glomerular endothelial cells. The second developed tubular necrosis unassociated with haemolysis or shock. The pathogenesis of the renal lesion in these two patients, as revealed by light microscopy, immunofluorescence studies and electron microscopy, is discussed. | 129,898 | [
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[Electrophoretic separation of glycosaminoglycans from different types of connective tissue and biological fluids]. | Separation by means of electrophoresis on paper of glycoseaminoglycans from different types of human and animals connective tissue (bone tissue, synovial membrane of joints, skin and others) and from biological fluids (blood serum, urine, joint liquid) enabled to determine the ratio between sulphatated and nonsulphatated glycoseaminoglycans in normal conditions, in different pathological states and impairments of connective tissue structures. The method was found to be adequate for studies on quantitative and qualitative composition of glycoseaminoglycans and their metabolic products in pathologically altered connective tissue and biological fluids. | 129,955 | [
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-0.2330668,... |
Pulmonary metastasis formation after intravenous tumour cell injection in defibrinogenated rats. | In this study a state of temporary defibrinogenation was induced in rats by Defibrase treatment. It was found that the formation of pulmonary metastases after intravenous tumour cell injection was decreased in defibrinogenated rats. However, defibrinogenation did not influence the effect of trauma and infusion of dextran 1000 on metastasis formation. Both these procedures stimulated the formation of metastases in defibrinogenated rats. These results indicate, that fibrinogen and/or fibrin are of importance for the formation of metastases but that the stimulating effect of trauma and dextran 1000 on metastasis formation is independent of fibrinogen and/or fibrin. | 129,972 | [
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0.1319447,
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0.3137553,
0.1628067,
-0.105344... |
Cadmium-isocitrate complex: its stability as a function of ionic strength. | The complexation of cadmium by isocitrate has been studied at 25 degrees C and pH 7.5 in a range of ionic strength from 0.01 to 0.16. The formation constant of the complex between cadmium and tribasic isocitrate varies from 860 M-1 at mu=0.16 to approximately 24,500 M-1 at infinite dilution. These data allow the distribution of the chemical forms of cadmium added to the incubation mixtures for tha assay of NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase to be calculated. | 129,984 | [
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0.... |
Spectrophotometric determination of the pK values for dissociation of the sugar hydroxyls in pyrimidine arabinonucleosides. | Spectrophotometric titration in the ultraviolet has been employed to determine the pK values for dissociation of the sugar hydroxyls in pyrimidine arabinonucleosides and some of their O'-methyl and O'-ethyl derivatives. The order of dissociation of the sugar hydroxyls in the arabinofuranose ring was 2'-OH greater than 3'-OH greater than 5'-OH. The higher acidity (lower pK) of the 2'-OH was interpreted in terms of formation of an intramolecular hydrogen bond of the form 5'-OH....2'-O(--) and the accompanying changes in conformation of the arabinose ring. The various factors affecting the dissociation of specific hydroxyls in some of the O'-alkyl derivatives are discussed in relation to steric, conformational and other effects. | 129,985 | [
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-... |
Determination of the molecular weight and the hydrodynamic properties of a polypeptide from the thylakoid membrane by sedimentation, diffusion and binding measurements in dodecyl sulphate solutions. | The molecular weight and hydrodynamic properties of a polypeptide isolated from the lamellar system of Antirrhinum chloroplasts were determined in sodium dodecyl sulphate solution by measurement of sedimentation velocity, diffusion and effective partial specific volume. The polypeptide fraction exhibits a molecular weight of 25000 which agrees with the apparent molecular weight found by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the polypeptide-sodium dodecyl sulphate micelle was 54 000, with a friction ratio of 1.6 which indicates an effective asymmetric hydrodynamic shape. For binding measurements self-diffusion equilibrium dialysis with dodecyl [35S] sulphate was used. In this case, dialysis equilibrium was reached within about 10 hours, in contrast to the dialysis with initial concentration differences which requires much longer times. A binding value of deltaD=1.15 g sodium dodecyl sulphate per g polypeptide was obtained which corresponds to a molar binding ratio of 100 mol dodecyl sulphate bound per mol of polypeptide. After the removal of dodecyl sulphate the polypeptide is present in an aggregated state. In phosphate buffers of pH 6.8 and 7.5 the aggregates preponderantly have sedimentation coefficients of 11.7 and 6.8 Svedberg units respectively. Assuming equivalent spheres the molecular weights were calculated to be 340 000 and 150 000. | 129,991 | [
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0... |
Arrangement of proteins and lipids in the sarcoplasmic membrane. | The number of amino residues present in the proteins of the sarcoplasmic reticulum which can react with Fluram has been determined in native and sonicated SR vesicles. Sonication increases the number of amino groups accessible to Fluram from 0.57 to 0.87 mumol-mg prot.-1. This increase indicates that 66% of the amino residues are present in the external and 34% in the internal membrane leaflet. The distribution of the amino phospholipids is computed from the distribution of Fluram in the membrane proteins in comjunction with the relative distribution of Fluram between protein and lipid in native and sonicated vesicles. The distribution of the calcium transport protein has been approximated under different assumptions concerning the distribution of the residual protein and taking into account that 15% of the membranes of the SR vesicles might have changed their sideness during preparation. | 129,999 | [
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The effect of calcium and phosphate on the biphasic calcium uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. | The amplitude of the fast uptake and the initial rate of the slow uptake increase with increasing free calcium concentrations, up to 30 muM. In that range, both processes are correlated to each other. At higher concentrations, the slow uptake is more inhibited than the fast uptake. The fast uptake shows a maximum amplitude which remains unchanged in the presence of phosphate. The slow uptake leads to a nearly complete depletion of the external calcium, and its rate is proportional to the phosphate concentration, even at physiological range. The sarcoplasmic ATPase liberates inorganic phosphate and the slow uptake is an autocatalytic process. | 130,009 | [
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0.1440767,
-0.01157725,... |
[Characteristics of beta-hemolytic streptococci secreted in children in various climatic zones]. | A study was made of the level of carrier-state, serological characteristics, virulence and toxigenicity of beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated from children in two towns with a different incidence of scarlet fever located in the contrast climatic zones. It was found that the level of carrier-state of beta-hemolytic streptococci and biological properties of the circulating strains were important factors associated with the incidence of scarlet fever. | 130,040 | [
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0.4595446,
0.2028144,
0.5630854,
0.5278332,
-0.22930... |
Intrauterine diagnosis of chromosome anomalies. | Prenatal karyotype analysis was performed on cultured fetal cells obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis at the 15th and 20th week of pregnancy in 63 high risk pregnancies. The reason was advanced maternal age in 42 cases, a previous child with a chromosome anomaly in 13 cases, and parental balanced chromosome translocation in 7 cases. One mother was a haemophilia A carrier. Two mothers over 40 were found to be carrying a 21-trisomic fetus. In the group of parental balanced translocation one fetus showed an unbalanced translocation karyotype, two were karyotypically normal and four exhibited a balanced translocation identical with that of the parents. A therapeutic abortion was performed in the case of the unbalanced translocation, the two trisomic fetuses, and a male fetus of the haemophilia A carrier mother. After the abortion the prenatal chromosome findings were confirmed by cell cultures from fetal tissues. No immediate complications due to the amniocentesis were recorded, but two term fetuses died antenatally, one child was delivered prematurely, and one pregnancy terminated spontaneously foru weeks after the amniocentesis. Any casual relationship to the puncture was unlikely in these cases. All other pregnancies had a normal course and the outcome was in agreement with the prenatal studies. Although indications for prenatal karyotype analyses are evident in pregnancies at risk due to parental balanced translocation karyotype and advanced maternal age, the need for large-scale screening programmes is questionable, because the decision should be in the hands of the parents. | 130,086 | [
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The kidney in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Morphologic, ultrastructural, and function studies. | In order to study the nephropathy associated with experimental streptozotocin diabetes, serila morphologic, ultrastructural, immunohistologic, and functional studies were done in diabetic Lewis rats to study the course of the nephropathy. Early in the course of diabetes, these animals developed an increase in mesangial matrix, with electron-dense material, IgG, and C3 in the mesangium. These alterations were progressive. Mesangial bars, proximal tubular vacuolization, and myeloid bodies were also present. Progressive increase in protein excretion and increase in creatinine clearance were observed. Hyperglycemia was accompanied by weight loss, persistent glycosuris, hyperphosphaturia, and hypercalcuria. Urinary glomerular basement membrane-like protein and major urinary protein were decreased. Normal age-matched controls showed no abnormalities. Some of the changes observed in diabetic rats are present in human diabetes. | 130,091 | [
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Effects on non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents on peripheral autonomic mechanisms in cats. | Intravenous dose-response relationships were used to correlate neuromuscular paralysis with effects on autonomic mechanisms in anaesthetized cats. Whereas autonomic blockade with tubocurarine occurred at parasympathetic and sympathetic ganglia, neuromuscular paralysing doses of gallamine, alcuronium, pancuronium and fazadinium caused blockade at vagal postganglionic sites in the heart. The vagolytic (atropinic) activity of these compounds in cats relative to their neuromuscular blocking activity appeared to correlate well with their known liability to cause undesirable hypertension and tachycardia in man. The absence of cardiovascular effects after the administration of neuromuscular blocking doses of dimethyl tubocurarine would support its more extensive clinical use, but the need remains for a short-acting muscle relaxant with properties similar to those of dimethyl tubocurarine. | 130,154 | [
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[The state of the "glycocalyx" of rat lung cells following left-sided pneumonectomy]. | Edema in the tissue of the right lung developed 24 hours after the leftsided pneumonectomy. It was found that: 1) the layer of acid mucopolysaccharide on the surface of the alveolar and endothelial cells became thicker; 2) accumulation of the product of reaction with the RR on the surface of the alveolar cells of type 1 and of the endothelial cells took place; 3) "blisters" coated with the product of reaction with the RR (Red Ruthenium) appeared. These "blisters" were connected with the plasmolemma of the alveolar and endothelial cells. All these findings suggest that acid mucopolysaccharides of the lung surfactant system participated in the accumulation and elimination of the water from the tissues of the air-blood barrier. | 130,173 | [
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[Hereditary melanotic tumors of Drosophila. Determination of the tumorous transformation of larva hemocytes]. | Two different phenomena contribute to the histogenesis of melanotic formations in tumoral strains of drosophila : an abnormal multiplication of certain blood cells and their encapsulation by normal hemocytes. The statistical distribution of melanotic tumors in populations of individuals submitted during precise periods of their life to the action of agents such as supraoptimal temperature or ionizing radiations, permits to suggest for the tumoral transformation of larval hemocytes in drosophila, the following mechanism : this transformation is caused by an event occuring in the cytoplasm and determined by the activity of a nuclear gene. | 130,194 | [
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The effects of substrate concentration on the Mg-adenosine triphosphatase activity of myosin. | Using myosin, heavy meromyosin, and subfragment-1 the steady state rate of Mg-modified adenosine triphosphatase (Mg-ATPase) was determined over a range of substrate concentrations between 10(-8) M and 5 X 10(-3)M, at 0.5 M and 0.05 M KC1 (pH 7.4 at 20 degrees C). At the substrate concentrations below 10(-5) M, myosin Mg-ATPase was observed to show that two active sites interact, as suggested by the analysis of transient kinetic studies (Walz, F. G., Jr.: J. Theor. Biol. 41, 357-373 (1973)). The increase in the activity at Mg-ATP concentrations higher than 10(-4) M corresponds to the binding of Mg-ATP to myosin sites not responsible for the catalytic action. With heavy meromyosin and subfragment-1, the activity was best expressed by the Michaelis equation. With heavy meromyonsin, the activation at high ATP concentrations is detectable, though not as pronounced as with myosin, but not with subfragment-1. | 130,198 | [
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0.09252638,
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A high molecular weight dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase of Neurospora crassa. Purification and properties of the enzyme. | Some of the unusual molecular and catalytic properties of a high molecular weight dihydro-orotate dehydrogenase (DHOD) from Neurospora crassa have been determined. Comparison of the properties of this enzyme with the properties of the soluble biosynthetic enzyme of prokaryotes has revealed several important differences. The fungal enzyme is located in a mitochondrial membrane in a position consistent with linkage with the respiratory chain through ubiquinone (Miller, R. W.: Arch. Biochem, Biophys. 146, 256-270 (1971)). Release of the enzyme from the membrane results in a solubilized protein complex containing bound lipids and inactive hydrophobic proteins. Non-specific protein aggregation is minimized during purification by Triton-X-100 and phospholipase treatments. The catalytically active enzyme has an apparent molecular weight of 210 000. In contrast to soluble DHOD preparations the high molecular weight enzyme has no endogenous dihydro-orotate oxidase (EC 1.3.3.1) activity and is relatively insensitive to inactivation by sulfhydryl-reactive reagents in the presence of dihydro-orotate (DHO). The enzyme activity is highly sensitive to conditions causing oxidation of flavin mononucleotide (FMN). The activity cannot be restored by cysteine or other means. FMN is present in all purified preparations in a bound, non-fluorescent (reduced) form until dihydro-orotic acid is removed or oxidized. Catalytic efficiency of the purified enzyme was 12 000 mol DHO oxidized per minute per mole FMN. This high turnover rate is due in part to the small flavin content of the purified enzyme, equivalent to 1 mol FMN per 120 000 g of catalytically active protein. Iron was detected in the purified enzyme by atomic absorption spectroscopy but labile sulfide was absent. Thenoyltrifluoroacetone, an iron chelator, only partially inhibited DHO oxidation regardless of electron acceptor. Fatty acids interact with a hydrophobic site of the enzyme in non-competitive fashion but under certain conditions appear to significantly alter the Km for ubiquinone. Orotate, by comparison, is a purely competitive inhibitor. Both types of inhibitor may function to regulate the biosynthesis of orotate in vivo. Superoxide anion is not produced in significant quantities by the DHO-reduced enzyme unless both ubiquinone and a suitable single electron carrier such as phenazine methosulfate are present. DHOD has been proposed as a source of superoxide anion in mammalian mitochondria (Forman, H. J. & Kennedy, J. A.: J. Biol. Chem. 250, 4322-4326 (1975)). | 130,199 | [
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Type III collagen: A major constituent of rheumatoid and normal human synovial membrane. | The findings establish that type III collagen is a major constituent of grossly proliferated rheumatoid and normal synovium. Unlike the collagen of normal synovium most of that in rheumatoid tissue could be solubilised by pepsin at 4 degrees C. Moore than half the pepsin-solubilised collage was identified as type III, the remainder being type I, by CM-cellulose chromatography; SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis with and without reduction of disulphide bonds; and amino acid analysis. Moreover, at least half the total collagen in several samples of normal as well as rheumatoid tissue was clearly type III when cyanogen bromide-derived peptides were run on SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis and compared with peptides prepared from purified types I and III collagens. This conclusion was supported by the isolation on phosphocellulose and quantitation by amino acid analysis of the collagen peptides alpha(1)CB2 and alpha(III)CB2 from a cyanogen bromide digest of rheumatoid synovium. | 130,225 | [
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[Clinico-anatomical picture of cystic renal dysplasia]. | The variety of clinical conditions leading to diagnosis and surgery of cystic renal dysplasia is demonstrated by 5 case reports. Etiological and histological features of this rare developmental abnormality are outlined. Surgical removal of the cystically degenerated renal bud is only indicated if the size of the tumor or vesico-ureteral reflux and inflammation causes lumbar pain. | 130,233 | [
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Regulation of cyanide-insensitive respiration in Neurospora. | 1. Inhibition of either mitochondrial transcription or translation in Neurospora crassa results in the rapid production of the cyanide-insensitive pathway of mitochondrial respiration. Protein synthesis on cytoplasmic ribosomes is required for the appearance of cyanide-insensitive respiration in the culture. 2. Removal of the inhibition of transcription of translation results in a rapid return to cyanide-sensitive respiration. Additional protein synthesis in the cytoplasm is required for the loss of cyanide-insensitive respiratory activity while additional mitochondrial protein synthesis has no effect. 3. These studies indicate that a mitochondrial gene product is involved in a negative manner in the regulation of cyanide-insensitive respiration. When the mitochondrial product is present, the pathway is not expressed, when the mitochondrial product is absent, the pathway is expressed. 4. Studies with forced heterokaryons formed from respiratory-deficient mutants having cyanide-insensitive respiration and respiratory-competent auxotrophs indicate that the site of action of the mitochondrial gene product is external to the mitochondrion. | 130,238 | [
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[Methods of functional scintigraphy of the heart: the effect of the radiopharmaceutical agents (author's transl)]. | Functional scintigrams of the heart were performed in 63 patients using different injection techniques and two radiopharmaceuticals (99mTc-pertechnitate and 99mTc-human serum albumen). A comparison of the results shows that injection of 99mTc-human serum albumen into the femoral vein gave the best results. Injection of the tracer into the femoral vein causes less dilution of the bolus than the usual injection technique into the cubital vein. There is less recirculation of the indicator resulting in lower co-efficients of variation of the quantitative parameters. The choice of 99mTc-human serum albumen facilitates demarcation of the individual cardiac chambers. | 130,295 | [
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Impaired 3H-testosterone uptake and metabolism in the accessory sex glands of diabetic castrated male rats. | The uptake and retention of 1,2-3H-testosterone in accessory sex glands, muscle and liver of streptozotocin diabetic castrated male rats, insulin-treated diabetic castrated rats and non-diabetic castrated control rats were studied at various time intervals after an intravenous injection. Diabetes reduced the retention of 3H-testosterone in the prostate, the preputial gland and the epididymis. Exogenous insulin slightly increased the retention of 3H-testosterone in these tissues of diabetic rats. No significant differences in the radioactivity in the rectus abdominis muscle, the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles were found between the various experimental groups. Ventral prostate homogenates obtained from diabetic and control rats were incubated with 3H-testosterone in vitro. The steroids were extracted and thin-layer chromatographs were scanned for radioactivity. In prostatic homogenates taken from diabetic rats, testosterone transformation to dihydrotestosterone was reduced. The results indicate that the impaired function and androgen retention of the accessory sex glands of diabetic male rats is at least partly due to the reduced formation of dihydrotestosterone from testosterone. | 130,335 | [
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The role of plasmin on the double antibody radioimmunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen in human blood samples. | Double antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA) of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) on a series of freshly drawn out concurrent plasma and serum samples of normal human blood donors showed that the serum CEA values were invariably higher than the corresponding plasma CEA values. Extraneous addition of fibrinogen brought down the serum-CEA level to a value comparable to or less than the corresponding plasma value. The effect of certain factors associated with blood clotting, particularly Ca++, fibrinogen, and the fibrinolytic enzyme plasmin, was investigated. Ca++ was shown to play no role whereas the effect of fibrinogen was shown to be indirect in that it served as a specific substrate for plasmin, thereby preventing the plasmin degradation of the primary antibody used in the RIA. The finding stresses the role of enzymes like plasmin in double antibody RIA in general and may explain some of the anomalous results obtained when testing biologic material containing plasmin-like substances. | 130,424 | [
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Morphogenesis and pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases. X. An anatomoclinical and pathogenetic study of 48 pseudotumoral chronic pneumonites. | Forty-eight cases of operated pseudotumoral chronic pneumonites were anatomoclinically and histogenetically studied. Two groups of cases can be established. The first one (21 cases), in which the histogenetic mechanism is related to previous bronchopulmonary infections, suppurations, and immune processes of the immediate type, is characterized by numerous granulocytic foci, granulomatous structure, Arthus type vasculites and fibrous evolution. The unefficient therapy could be one of the determining factors of this evolution, by maintenance of active germs and released antigens. The second group (27 cases) is characterized by hypertrophic bronchites reflecting the prolonged penetration of airborne antigens, by a step by step involvement of peribronchial and parenchymatous structures. A multiphasic development is comparatively demonstrated in the different cases, and dominated by various proportions of plasmocytes and fibroblasts interfering with a restorative granulomatous process involving the intra- and interlobular areas and evolving to a fibrogranulomatous state. Obstructive pneumonitic phenomena and reactive endoalveolitis obliterans interfere, too. Correlations between the dynamics of this picture and the experimental data assert an immune mechanism with repeated immediate and delayed hypersensitivity reactions and auto-aggressive phenomena, determined by released antigens and inductors of cell proliferation and differentiation, as the main processes conducing to the building up of the pseudotumoral chronic pneumonites. | 130,543 | [
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Effect of dexamethasone on serum cortisol and androgen levels in hirsute patients. | The serum levels of the following steroids were measured in 59 hirsute patients before (control) and after (post-dexamethasone) administration of dexamethasone (Dex) for 7 days: cortisol (F), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), its sulfate (DHEA-S), androstenedione (A), testosterone (T), and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Assuming that Dex-suppressibility implied adrenal origin, the source of excess androgens was also evaluated. All patients showed elevated level of only one androgen: 4 had elevated DHEA-S; 4 had elevated T; 3 had elevated DHT. No patient had an elevated DHEA or A without an evelation of the other androgens. The control levels of DHEA-S were above normal in 45 patients; the DHT levels were elevated in 43 patients; 31 patients had elevated T levels; and 25 patients elevated A; and 24 patients, DHEA levels. In 32 patients with adequate suppression of adrenal androgens after 7 days of Dex administration, the source of excess androgens could be evaluated. Of 13 patients with elevated A levls, the excess A production was of adrenal origin in 6 cases, of ovarian origin in 5 cases, and of mixed origin in 2 cases. Of 15 patients with elevated T levels, the excess T production was of adrenal origin in 3 cases, of ovarian origin in 10 cases, and of mixed origin in the remaining 2 cases. Of 25 patients with elevated DHT levels, the excess DHT production was of adrenal origin in 16 patients, of ovarian origin in 5 patients, and of mixed origin in 4 patients. Of the 32 patients with an adequate Dex suppression test, 14 showed evidence of adrenal hyperandrogenism, 5 had ovarian hyperandrogenism, and mixed hyperandrogenism was present in the remaining 13 patients. There was an adrenal source of hyperandrogenism in 27 of 32 patients (14 pure adrenal and 13 mixed adrenal-ovarian), which represents 85% of the 32 patients. | 130,572 | [
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[Infestation of littoral molluscs of Dal'nie Zelentsy Bay by parthenitae of the eider parasite Microphallus pygmaeus (Levinsen, 1881) (Trematoda: Microphallidae)]. | The mollusks Littorina saxatilis, L. obtusata, Solariella obscura, Cingula aculeus, Hydrobia ulvae, Margarites helicina and M. groenlandica serve as hosts of the parthenites of Microphallus pygmaeus in eastern Murman. Over a period of 20 years the infection rate of the mollusks has increased greatly that is associated with the increasing number of definitive hosts. Maximum infection rate was recorded in the end of July--August. The infection rate of littorins within this period was about 90 per cent. | 130,602 | [
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New species in genus Azygia Looss, 1899 (Trematoda, Azygiidae) | A new species Azygia inopinata is described from Esox lucius The species was found in two lakes of southern Karelia. Marita is characterized by the equality of suckers and globular pharynx; the average size of eggs is 0.061 x 0.033 mm. The intermediate host(in the experiment) is Galba plaustris. The larva is Cercaria mirabilis Braun. | 130,603 | [
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[New species of nematode, Skrjabillanus schigini sp. n. (Camallanata: Skrjabillanidae), from the white amur]. | A description and differential analysis of the nematode Skrjabillanus schigini sp. n. are given. The species was found in the serous membrane of the swim bladder and mesentery of the white amur from pond farms of the Krasnodar Territory. The new species differs from S. amuri from the same host in having four rather than five pairs of pedunculated papillae supporting the caudal alae; in the presence of one rather than two chitinous plate in the cloaca; by the parasitism in the swim bladder wall rather than in the body cavity. | 130,606 | [
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[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with cerebral lesions observed by axial transverse computerized tomography]. | During the evolution of a treated A.L.L. (without C.N.S. radiotherapy) in a young girl, the development of leukemic meningitis and a Lennox-Gastaut syndrome were observed. Abnormal intra-cerebral lesions are observed by computerized transverse axial tomography. These lesions are presumably secondary to lymphoblastic infiltration. There were no lymphoblasts in the C.S.F. This new method of exploration of the central nervous system which is strictly atraumatic, is considered as a valuable adjunct to the lumbar puncture in the control of the neurological complications of acute leukemia. | 130,622 | [
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[Serotoninergic mechanisms in ovarian cycle (author's transl)]. | Influence of 5-HT on the rat follicle rupture mechanism was studied by the administration of p-clorophenyl-alanine (p-CPA) (300 mg/kg) at different stages of the ovarian cycle. The ovarian cycle of treated rats was subject of investigation, as well as the histology of tubes and ovaries. Administration of p-CPA at 10 hours of metestrus phase induces an inhibition of ovulation. Predominant diestrus phases in the ovarian cycle and luteinitation of ovaries suggested an increase in progesterone secretion probably owed to a correspondingly greater prolactine secretion. Adequate 5-HT levels in central structures proved to necessary for normal ovulation. | 130,655 | [
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[Risks of long-term administration of drugs (author's transl)]. | A short review is given of the side effects of drugs during long-term treatment and the possible mechanisms involved. The possibilities and causes of interactions occurring with simultaneous administration of two or more drugs are discussed. The pharmacokinetical basis of cumulation phenomena of the control of long-term treatment either by means of blood-level monitoring or by the observed effect is briefly outlined. | 130,734 | [
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Lymphocytotoxicity to tumor target cells and interference of serum factors or tumor antigen with lymphocytotoxicity in patients suffering from different stages of breast carcinoma. | The in vitro cytotoxicity of lymphocytes from patients suffering from breast carcinoma against autochthonous, allogeneic and established breast carcinoma cells was evaluated. Lymphocytotoxicity to breast carcinoma cells was observed in all stages of the disease. Control lymphocytes from healthy donors or patients suffering from other carcinoma are not cytotoxic for the breast carcinoma cell lines. A follow-up study of the cell mediated immune reactions before and after surgical removal of the breast carcinoma showed that the cytotoxic lymphocyte population which is demonstrated in the presence of the tumor disappears quickly after excision of the carcinoma. The non-reactivity of lymphocytes is not due to a general immune defect. Serum of the tumor bearers did not block the lymphocytotoxicity in early stage breast carcinoma; in metastatic disease inhibition occurred in more than half of the cases. Preincubation of lymphocytes with antigen preparations of allogeneic breast carcinoma cells did not inhibit the cytotoxicity to breast carcinoma cells whereas autologous serum preincubated with the antigen preparation diminished the lymphocyte reactivity to the target cells in some cases. | 130,746 | [
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Case report. Congestive heart failure complicating the hungry bone syndrome. | A patient with the hungry bone syndrome following parathyroidectomy for hyperparathyroidism developed congestive heart failure, probably due to the myocardial depressant effects of hypocalcemia and hypomagnesmia. Calcium and magnesium alone were instrumental in relieving his symptoms, decreasing his heart size, and clearing the pulmonary congestion. A mechanism for the pathogenesis of hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia induced heart failure is proposed. | 130,801 | [
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Staphylococcus aureus infections of captive dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) and oceanarium personnel. | Samples from blowhole and pharynx of 1 dolphin ill with a respiratory tract infection and 31 healthy dolphins at 2 oceanariums were examined by bacteriologic cultural technique. During the same period, nasal and volar forearm skin samples were collected from 32 healthy personnel and from a furuncle on the forearm of 1 attendant. Coagulase-positive staphylococci were isolated from 8 dolphins (including the ill dolphin) and from 14 persons. Antibiotic sensitivity patterns (8 drugs were tested) differed markedly for the staphylococcal isolates recovered from dolphins, as compared with those from persons. Staphylocci from the dolphins were totally or partially sensitive to every antibiotic, whereas almost all of the isolates from persons were resistant to penicillin and ampicillin, as well as to certain other antibiotics. Staphylococcus bacteriophage typing revealed that only 1 isolate from a dolphin could be typed (type D11). Six of the isolates from persons were typable, but no isolate was sensitive to only type D11. It was concluded that, although Staphylococcus aureus could be isolated commonly from captive dolphins, there was no evidence of cross infection between the dolphins and the oceanarium personnel. | 130,815 | [
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[Sebaceous filaments (author's transl)]. | Sebaceous filaments are cylindrical tubes of whitish-yellowish color, which can be expressed from areas of the face rich in sebaceous follicles by pinching the skin or by the cyanoacrylat-technique. Sebaceous filaments are most commonly found in the centrofacial areas and the alae nasae in postpuberal individuals with large facial pores and seborrhea. Sebaceous filaments are composed of a skeleton of 10-30 horny cell layers which enclose a mixture of bacteria, sebaceous lipid, corneocyte fragments and one hair. Following the expression of the filament the follicle refills within 30 days. The various portions of sebaceous follicles (acro- and infrainfundibulum) and the follicular contents are presented at the light microscopial and ultrastructural level. Follicles containing sebaceous filaments have a conspicuous granular layer and no acanthosis. Sebaceous filaments should be differentiated from a microcomedo and trichostasis spinolosa. They are a common morphological variant of sebaceous follicles. | 130,839 | [
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Effects of implanted Doppler flowmeters on femoral vein autografts. | Thirteen femoral vein autografts were placed into the corresponding ipsilateral femoral arteries of 8 mongrel dogs. Cuff-type Doppler (ultrasonic) flowmeters were placed around six of the grafts. None of the vessels thrombosed. Blood flow velocities were measured in all vessels up until the time of sacrifice (mean 95 +/- 5 days after surgery) or accidental death (one dog, 49 days after surgery). The only case of graft failure was attributed to infection at the flowmeter site. With this single exception, the vein grafts exhibited uniformity in histological appearance from dog to dog. These data suggest that implantation of properly designed Doppler flow transducers may have clinical applications. This technique permits continuous or intermittent assessment of blood flow characteristics through a graft without additional trauma or cost to the patient. It is free of the many inherent disadvantages of chronically implanted electromagnetic flowmeters and may negate the need in some instances for followup angiographic studies. | 130,843 | [
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"Karshi" virus, a new flavivirus (Togaviridae) isolated from Ornithodoros papillipes (Birula, 1895) ticks in Uzbek S.S.R. | Three identical strains of an arbovirus were isolated from 475 Ornithodoros papillipes ticks collected in June, 1972, in burrows of the great gerbil (Rhombomys opimus Licht., 1882) in the environs of Beshkent, Karshinsk steppe, Uzbek S.S.R. The isolate was found to range among flaviviruses. Complement-fixation, agar diffusion precipitation and neutralization tests is tissue culture and mice indicated a one-way antigenic relationship between the isolate and West Nile virus. However, the pattern of differences between them made it possible to consider the isolated agent as a new virus, "Karshi" virus. The results of electron microscopic studies of this virus are presented. | 130,853 | [
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[Histoenzymatic studies and internal irradiation. III. Histoenzymatic changes of the kidney treated with chloromeridrin Hg 197]. | The histochemical behaviour of alkaline phosphatase, adenosintriphosphatase, acid phosphatase and acetylglucosaminidase activities was studied in rat kidney treated with Chloromeridrin Hg. In these experimental conditions it was found that the nephrocytes in the proximal convoluted tubule present changes in the enzymatic activities examined, generally proportional to the doses employed. With lower doses of radionuclides, the histoenzymatic changes have a local character and are completely reversible after a month. With higher doses they take on a more extensive character and persis to some extent one month after treatment. These findings suggesti that Hg could be used clinically with due precautions. | 130,849 | [
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[Areolar atrophy of the macula]. | The article is a general review of central areolar choroidal dystrophy based on 24 cases, some of them followed from one year up to six years. Two major points are discussed: the etiology and the natural course. The disease is believed by the author not to be an etiological entity for, if it can occur as a primary maculopathy, it is more often the ultimate stage of another heredo macular degeneration. The visual prognosis depends more upon the location of the lesion than upon its size. Of course the visual prognosis is poor when the atrophy involves the center of the macula, but it is good, at least during several years, when the very center of the fovea is spared off. | 130,878 | [
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Excitation-contraction coupling in heart. XIX. Effect of hypoxia on calcium transport by subcellular particles in the isolated perfused rat heart. | To examine the role of changes in calcium transport by subcellular particles in the pathogenesis of contractile failure due to oxygen lack, both mitochondrial and microsomal fractions were obtained from the isolated hypoxic rat hearts and their calcium binding and uptake abilities were determined by the Millipore filtration technique. The contractile force decreased by about 40, 60 and 70% of the control within 5, 10 and 30 min respectively, of perfusing the heart with hypoxic medium containing glucose. In hearts perfused for 10 min with hypoxic medium containing glucose, calcium binding and uptake by the microsomal fraction decreased significantly. However, mitochondrial calcium binding, but not uptake, decreased significantly on perfusing the hearts with hypoxic medium containing glucose for 20 to 30 min when the microsomal calcium transport was markedly depressed. Reduction in contractile force, calcium binding and uptake by the microsomal fraction as well as calcium binding by mitochondria of hearts made hypoxic for 30 min recovered towards normal upon reperfusion with control medium for 15 min. On the other hand, omitting glucose from the hypoxic medium significantly decreased calcium binding by mitochondrial and microsomal fractions within 10 min of perfusion in comparison to the control and accelerated the effects of hypoxia upon contractile force and microsomal calcium uptake. In contrast to the hypoxic hearts, the mitochondrial calcium uptake decreased significantly and the magnitude of depression in the microsomal calcium binding was appreciably greater in hearts made to fail to a comparable degree upon perfusion with substrate-free medium. The observed defects in calcium transporting properties of microsomal and mitochondrial membranes appear secondary to the contactile failure in hypoxic hearts. | 130,966 | [
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Integrated education of visually handicapped children: lines of communication between the professionals in charge. | The local teacher has the immediate responsibility for the integrated education of the visually handicapped child. He gets frequent information and assistance from the county special teacher who is responsible to the public for the educational progress. When the child has his annual opthalmological examination, his medical history is explained and related to the performance of the child at an informal meeting. At this meeting, the ophthalmologist learns to understand the educational problems and the teachers learn what the pupil can see and the conditions under which he functions. All parties take great interest in the pupil's life after school hours, both as to leisure and to his relations in the family group. The parents are continually informed both by the teachers and the ophthalmologist, and a report of the medico-educational meeting is sent to the child's local physician and local ophthalmologist as well as the National Registry of Blindness. | 131,001 | [
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Trisomy 21 in mother and daughter. | A 28-year-old woman with trisomy 21 had a daughter with trisomy 21. This case brings the total to 23 mothers recorded as having trisomy 21. Their offspring consist of 14 normals and 10 trisomics, 21 born at term, plus 3 abortions. The proportions of normal and trisomic offspring are about equal. | 131,011 | [
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The mucopolysaccharidoses and mucolipidoses. | The mucopolysaccharidoses and mucolipidoses are recessively inherited lysosomal storage diseases. Each of the disorders can now be specifically identified in cultured fibroblasts. As a group these disorders clinically present with a Hurler-like phenotype. Genetic heterogeneity and variable expression of the same enzyme deficiency require a combined clinical and laboratory approach to the diagnosis of these disorders. This feature is demonstrated by mucopolysaccharidosis I. This diagnosis refers to a specific deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase. Further characterization requires clinical assessment to determine whether the final diagnosis is the Hurler syndrome, the Scheie syndrome or the Hurler-Scheie compound. Clinically each of these three disorders may be difficult to distinguish from other mucopolysaccharidoses or mucolipidoses. There is no specific treatment currently available for any of these disorders. However, a specific diagnosis should be established in each case to insure an accurate prognosis (some of these disorders are compatible with near normal life expectancy and normal intelligence), appropriate genetic counseling for the family and timely use of prenatal diagnosis by amniocentesis which is available for each of these disorders. | 131,015 | [
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Islet transplantation into rat liver: in vitro secretion of insulin from the isolated perfused liver and in vivo glucagon suppression. | Islet isografts were injected into the portal veins of rats made diabetic with streptozotocin. The isografts normalized not only plasma glucose and insulin levels but also the elevated plasma immunoreactive glucagon level. The in vitro basal insulin secretion and prompt sensitivity to glucose were shown directly by perfusing isolated livers containing transplanted islets. In vitro glucagon secretion to an arginine stimulus could not be demonstrated, although it would have been expected demonstrated, although it would have been expected in normal islets. Thus, it appears that insulin derived from transplanted islets is capable of correcting endogenous hyperglucagonemia and of ameliorating the effects of experimental diabetes while transplanted islet glucagon secretion is relatively suppressed. | 131,032 | [
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Behavioral evidence for the rapid release of CNS serotonin by PCA and fenfluramine. | Administration of p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) (2.5-10.0 mg/kg) or fenfluramine (FF) (5.0-15.0 mg/kg) to rats induces a behavioral syndrome--consisting of tremor, rigidity, Straub tail, hindlimb abduction, lateral head weaving and reciprocal forepaw treading--which is a reflection of the activity of central serotonin-mediated synapses. The syndrome appears within 3-5 min following i.p. administration of PCA or FF, and the syndrome-inducing effects of PCA and FF are blocked by prior depletion of serotonin with p-chlorophenylalanine. By contrast, the syndrome-inducing effect of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-M-DMT), which directly stimulates postsynaptic serotonin receptors, is not changed by prior serotonin depletion. Catecholamine depletion with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine produces essentially no change in the syndrome-inducing effects of PCA, FF or 5-M-DMT. These data indicate that the initial effect of PCA or FF administration is the rapid functional release of stored serotonin. | 131,036 | [
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Cell membrane Na+, K+-ATPase and sarcoplasmic reticulum: possible regulators of intracellular ion activity. | Cardiac muscle requires an external source of calcium for contraction, but current evidence supports an intracellular pool of bound calcium as the primary activator of contraction. The size of this intracellular pool modulates the amount of calcium released to troponin during systole and the resultant contractile response. Proposed mechanisms for modulation of activator calcium include: 1) an alteration in phase II "slow current" allowing increased electrogenic calcium flux; 2) a glycoside independent sodium-calcium exchange across the sarcolemma that can be modulated by changes in the sodium gradient; 3) potassium-calcium exchange system during cardiac repolarization; 4) an augmentation of calcium accumulation by cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum related to various phosphorylation mechanisms; and 5) an alteration in phospholipid affinity effected by cardiac glycoside at sarcolemmal sites related to the Na+, K+-ATPase. | 131,041 | [
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[The value of intensifier photopneumopelvigraphy in the diagnosis of gynaecological diseases (author's transl)]. | The diagnostic value of gas contrast examinations of the female genital organs, using a 70 mm. intensifier technique, was evaluated in 625 examinations. Its advantages, particularly with respect to radiation dosage, as well as its disadvantages, are discussed. Photopneumopelvigraphy is recommended for routine use. | 131,092 | [
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[Bacteriological investigations in radiological clinic (radiographic apparatus, rooms and personnel) (author's transl)]. | The importance of X-ray departments as a potential source of infection with hospital organisms was investigated by examining a number of radiographic rooms and comparing these with two private dwellings. It was found that there was a higher incidence of organisms than in private homes, but this was considerably less than on wards. Particularly high numbers of organisms, including pathogenic ones, were found on radiographic apparatus which was inaccessible, and on sponge pillows. Regular disinfection reduced the number of organisms almost to the level of an operating theatre. A visit to the X-ray department does not present a significant risk of infection; nevertheless, hygiene can be markedly improved by appropriate changes in the rooms and by carrying out methods of disinfection. | 131,095 | [
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Maternal and paternal origin of extra chromosome in trisomy 21. | Fluorescence markers were studied in 40 patients with Down's syndrome and their parents. In 11 cases maternal and in 5 cases paternal non-disjunction could be shown. The disjunctional event occurred in the first meiotic division in 5 maternal and in 2 paternal cases. A second division failure was found in 4 maternal and 2 paternal cases. In 3 cases the failure could either be of first or second meiotic division origin. | 131,105 | [
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Mechanisms of siderophore iron transport in enteric bacteria. | Uptake of 55Fe- and 3H-labeled siderophores and their chronic analogues have been studied in Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 and Escherichia coli K-12. In S. typhimurium LT-2, at least two different mechanisms for siderophore iron transport may be operative. Uptake of 55Fe- and 3H-labeled ferrichrome and kinetically inert lambda-cis-chromic [3H]deferriferrichrome by the S. typhimurium LT-2 enb7 mutant, which is defective in the production of its native siderophore, enterobactin, appears to occur by two concurrent mechanisms. The first mechanism is postulated to involve either rapid uptake of iron released from the ferric complex by cellular reduction without penetration of the complex or ligand or dissociation of the complex and simultaneous uptake of both ligand and iron coupled with simultaneous expulsion of the ligand. The second mechanism appears to consist of slower uptake of the intact ferric complex. | 131,124 | [
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Purification and physiological role of a peptide stabilizing factor of rat liver phosphofructokinase. | A substance has been purified to apparent homogeneity from rat liver which, as previously reported (Dunaway, G. A., Jr., and Segal, H. L. (1974) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 56, 689-696), specifically stabilizes the major liver isozyme of phosphofructokinase (PFK-L2) against thermal inactivation and whose level in vivo changes in parallel with and in precedence to that of the enzyme. Molecular weight determinations gave values around 3,500. Evidence for the peptide nature of the factor includes its correspondence with ninhydrin-positive material on gel filtration and paper electrophoresis and its susceptibility to pronase. Electrophoretic behavior indicated at least one free amino group and several carboxyl groups. Amino acid analysis of the peptide yielded only glutamate, glycine, and half-cystine, in equimolar amounts. However, neither GSH nor GSSG have PFK-L2-stabilizing activity. No free sulfhydryl groups were present. Chemical analysis for tryptophan was also negative. The ultraviolet spectrum confirmed the absence of aromatic amino acids. The spectrum exhibited a characteristic peptide peak at 190 nm with no absorbance beyond 240 nm. The factor is unstable to storage in the cold except in the presence of glucose or dithiothreitol. Sucrose, fructose, and GSH were ineffective in this regard. It was slowly denatured by heat or reduced pH even in the presence of glucose. The factor was induced in fasted animals specifically by glucose, of the nutrients tested, and in diabetic animals by insulin. Induction by both glucose and insulin was blocked by cycloheximide and actinomycin. The time course of the glucose induction was the more rapid of the two with a marked overshoot to 3 times normal levels at 12 hours. Increased levels of the factor preceded the increased levels of PFK-L2 brought about by glucose or insulin administration. Native PFK-L2 was inactivated by lysosomal extracts, and this inactivation was strongly inhibited by the peptide factor. These results are in accord with the proposal that the peptide plays a role in regulating PFK-L2 turnover in vivo. The factor also activated the phosphofructokinase-catalyzed reaction by promoting fructose-6-P binding. This effect is analogous to that of AMP on the kinetics of the reaction; however, the factor effect was additive to that of AMP, and the factor did not reverse inhibition by excess ATP as does AMP. We postulate that the stabilizing factor affects an equilibrium between PFK-L2 conformers in favor of one more resistant to lysosomal and thermal inactivation and with greater affinity for fructose-6-P. | 131,126 | [
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Surgical methods in the treatment of rhinophyma. | Fifteen patients with rhinophyma were treated surgically by cutting off the hyperplasia nodules with a scalpel followed by shaving with a disposable shaving razor. The cosmetic results were good and no scar formation occurred. | 131,134 | [
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Secondary cell-mediated lympholysis: importance of H-2 LD and SD factors. | Lymphocytes stimulated in mixed leukocyte cultures and left for 13-17 days, i.e. beyond their peak proliferative and cytotoxic reactivities, can be restimulated to give a secondary-type rapid and strong proliferative and cytotoxic response when confronted with cells of the original sensitizing cell donor. We have concerned ourselves primarily with the requirements of restimulation for the presence of LD and/or SD stimuli on the restimulating cells. (a) The low level cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) associated with LD differences in a primary CML can be restimulated to give a secondary-type response by those same LD antigens. (b) If the original sensitizing cells differ from the responding cells by both LD and SD antigens, restimulation with only the LD antigens, or third-party cells presumably carrying cross-reactive LD antigens, can restimulate the secondary CML responses directed against the SD antigens on the original sensitizing cells. (c) The presence of SD antigens on the restimulating cells that are cross-reactive with the primary sensitizing SD antigens (as determined in a primary CML) leads to the preferential activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes reactive to those antigens although maximum cytotoxicity is still directed at cells carrying the original sensitizing SD antigens. A model to explain these results is presented. | 131,173 | [
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Adaptive transformation of rat soleus motor units during growth. | Soleus motor units of 5 and 34 week-old rats, weighing 150 and 520 g respectively, were examined for contraction time at 36 degrees C, innervation ratio as well as cross-sectional area, ATPase and SDH activity of fibres. The muscle was continuously adjusted to the growth of the animal. Between 5 and 34 weeks the proportion of Type II fibre units with 15-26 msec contraction time decreased from 33% to 10% and Type I fibre units with 27-40 msec contraction time thus increased from 67 to 90%. This was parallelled by approximately the same relative changes in number of Type II and Type I fibres. | 131,182 | [
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Mucin histochemistry of human cholangiocarcinoma. | Histochemical studies of mucins were carried out on 17 autopsy specimens of cholangiocarcinomas associated with clonorchiasis. All tumours produced epithelial mucins which were mixtures of neutral and acid mucopolysaccharides without any histochemically demonstrable components of sialic and uronic acids. The mucins were qualitatively similar to that secreted by normal and Clonorchis-infested bile ducts. However carboxymucins were reduced and sulphomucins were absent or present only in trace amounts in the neoplastic epithelium; in the hyperplastic epithelium in clonorchiasis sulphomucins were abundant. The HID-AB technique for sulphomucins is valuable in differentiating hyperplastic bile ducts and cholangiocarcinoma. | 131,185 | [
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0.3472362,
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0.0328... |
Cor triatriatum: echocardiograhic findings. | The echocardiographic findings in a patient with cor triatriatum are presented. The preoperative echocardiogram demonstrated an unusual structure behind the mitral valve that moved anteriorly during atrial systole. There was also echocardiographic evidence of abnormalities of mitral valve motion, right ventricular and left atrial enlargement, and pulmonary hypertension. Postoperatively, the unusual echo behind the mitral valve had disappeared and the mitral valve appeared more normal. Left atrial and right ventricular dimension had decreased and the pulmonary valve appeared more normal. Fine diastolic mitral valve fluttering, an abnormal echo behind the anterior mitral valve leaflet moving anteriorly with atrial systole, an abnormal pulmonary valve echogram suggesting pulmonary hypertension, and marked right ventricular and left atrial enlargement were the main echocardiographic findings in our patient. | 131,222 | [
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A multifactorial system controlling myeloid cell differentiation and division. | It has been demonstrated that mature granulocytes contain two stimulatory and three inhibitory factors of cell proliferation. Consequently, beyond the negative feedback inhibitor (chalone), myeloid cells are controlled presumably by other negative (inhibitory) and positive (stimulatory) mechanisms, in addition. | 131,223 | [
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Relationships between specialized cells, capillaries and intermediary cyto-fibrillary stroma. Note 6. The capillary stereotype and the factors which influence it. | The human skin and the mammary gland in the woman and the man--all of them ectoblastic-origin tissues, rich in stromal structures and belonging to the IIIrd step of Mârza's classification (Vth note) -- were investigated using the method of the microscopic conventional fields. The normal skin (Ist lot), the skin from the vicinity of basaliomatous nodules (II--A), of incipient basaliomatous nodules (II--B), of completely developed (II--C), of the skin during irradiation (II--D) and after irradiation (II--E), as well as the pemphigus skin were studied. In the woman the mammary gland was investigated in the little girl (GMF), in the adult nonpregnant woman (GMA), during the first trimester of pregnancy (GMG), during lactation (GML), during climacterium (GMM), in glandular carcinomas of the adult female (GMAC) and during menopause (GMMC). In the man, the normal gland (GMB) and the hypertrophied one (gynecomastia) (GMBH) were studied. | 131,242 | [
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Relationships between the lung mesenchymal cell populations: concurrent elicitation by air and blood ways of the lung reacting cell systems. | Some relationships between the lung reacting cell populations connected to the air and blood ways are investigated by elicitation with proteins in Freund's adjuvant and with SiO2. The agents were intratracheally and respectively intravenously injected into rabbits concomitantly or in different orders and times. The developmental analysis of the alveolar silicotic nodules and of the proteolipidic perivascular ones pointed out the involvement of both reacting cell systems in relation with the administration route, the involvement of local cells only, when the agent is less active and the arrival of blood mononuclears when the agent is more active. A concurrent taking part of the reacting cell systems in the process is demonstrated. The immune phenomena developed by both the used agents also elimine numerous cells from the formation process of nodules, and allow the production of hypersensitive reactions of the immediate and cellular type which influence the integrity and cellularity of formed nodules. The relationships between these two reacting cell systems of the lung appear to be not only quantitative but also qualitative. | 131,246 | [
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Effects of parachlorophenylalanine and amphetamine on habituation of orienting. | Parachlorophenylalanine significantly reduced the orienting response to the first presentation of a tone but did not alter the size of responses to subsequent tone presentations nor the rate of habituation. In contrast amphetamine did not alter the orienting response but significantly impaired habituation. It was concluded that there was little evidence for a serotonergic involvement in behavioral habituation, although a role for the catecholamine system could not be excluded. | 131,323 | [
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Changes in the activities of blood and tissue adenosinetriphosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase after exposure to 60Co gamma-rays in association with some drug treatments. | Experiments in rats exposed to a moderate dose of 60Co gamma-radiation and treated with either cystamine, AET, complamin or alpha-methyldopa suggested that the efficiency of a radioprotective drug might be related to its ability to maintain low levels of ATP-ase activity in blood and tissues after irradiation. | 131,328 | [
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Interaction of visceral and somatic afferentation at the level of postsynaptic spinal cord elements. | The interaction of visceral and somatic afferentation at the level of postsynaptic spinal cord elements was studied in cats. The effect of conditioning stimuli on the propriospinal (PS) and suprasegmental (SS) component of the tested unit responses was compared. Afferentation from the splanchnic nerve completely inhibited the SS component of somatomotor motoneuronal responses; the PS component was only partly inhibited. Inhibition persisted even after the conditioning stimulus-induced changes in the membrane potential of the motoneurones had disappeared. The activity of the interneurones responsing synchronously with the SS component of the efferent discharges was also completely inhibited in the same intervals. The inhibitory effect of splanchnic afferentation on the PS component of interneuronal discharges evoked by the stimulation of somatic afferents was significantly less effective. The results of interaction for test responses from the cutaneous and muscular nerves was the same. When splanchnic responses were tested during conditioning from somatosensory areas, inhibitory control was found to be reciprocal. The authors discuss the question of the structures and mechanisms participating in functional relations between the autonomic and somatic nervous system in the spinal cord. | 131,335 | [
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Choline acetyltransferase activity in the atria of the rat heart during training bradycardia. | The resting heart rate of rats trained for 19 weeks by swimming fell by 24% and the weight of their atria rose by 22%. Choline acetyltransferase in the atria did not alter significantly, however. In association with other findings, this observation supports the view that the bradycardia of training is not due to increased activity of cholinergic cardioninhibitory nerves. | 131,339 | [
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The hair melanosome: another tissue reservoir of zinc. | Melanosomes were isolated from human and dog hairs and their Zn content was determined. The mean Zn concentrations, in mug Zn/g dry weight, were 687 (men's melanosomes), 641 (women's melanosomes) and 691 (dog melanosomes). These values rank melanosomes from pigmented keratinous structures among the structural elements with the highest Zn content. An interpretation of the possible causes of this accumulation was submitted. By means of the conversion factor between hair length and weight (determined at 0.004), it was estimated that daily Zn lossess via hair vary in the region of 19 mug. In detailed studies of Zn metabolism, excretion via pigmented keratinous structures ought not to be neglected. | 131,341 | [
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Pattern of breathing in the rat. | The basic ventilation values - tidal volume (VT), breathing frequency (f), minute ventilation (VE) and the duration of inspiration (TI) and expiration (TE) -- were determined in adult male rats. The range of these values is given and the pattern of breathing is defined as the relationship between VE and VT, which in the rat is linear throughout its entire range. The role of TI and TE in changing f in the rat were evaluated. The breathing pattern of the rat was compared with data for the rabbit and man, using percentual expression of the basic values. A shift of the breathing pattern to higher f values was observed in rats with experimental lung diseases. In these rats, the inhalation of 100% O2 shifted the pattern of breathing markedly to lower VE values, though not to values comparable with the controls. Bilateral cervical vagotomy was followed by a pronouced decrease in f, an increase in VT and T1 persisted even after vagotomy, however; it can be assumed that this relationship is effected either by means of receptors in the chest muscles, or by the direct action of CO2 which is used to stimulate breathing, on the bulbopontine pacemaker. | 131,347 | [
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Experimental hypersplenism in mice. | The authors induced experimental hypersplenism in mice with repeated intraperitoneal injections of methylcellulose ("Tylosa", Messrs. Kabl). Detailed haematological tests of the peripheral blood, a cytomorphological examination of bone marrow and spleen from puncture material and histological tests of the bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, thymus, liver, kidneys and lung tissue of hypersplenic mice were carried out. Among the haematological results, apart from findings of marked erythrocyto-, leucocyto- and thrombocytopenia, attention is drawn to the finding, not previously described in the literature, of lowered osmotic resistance and elevated phagocytic activity of the leucocytes of hypersplenic mice. | 131,348 | [
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The effect of single dose of oestrogens administered during the early postnatal period on the DNA content of rat bone epiphyses. | It has been shown previously that the administration of a single dose or oestrogens to male rats during the early postnatal life retards growth, after a latent period lasting several weeks, [slowing down of body weight and body lenth increments]. We therefore studied the effect of a single subcutaneous dose of oestrogens (1.25 mg oestradiol dipropionate) administered on the 5th postnatal day on the DNA content and DNA concentration in the parts of long bones associated with growth (distal epiphysis of the femur, and proximal and distal epiphyses of the tibia together with the epiphyseal plates). The rats were decapitated at the age of 18, 25 and 40 days, the given parts of the bones were immediately dissected out, weighed and their absolute DNA content and DNA concentration were analyzed. The weight of the distal femoral epiphysis of oestrogen-treated rats was found to be significantly lower at 40 days than in the controls. At the same age, its DNA content and concentration were likewise significantly lower in animals given oestrogens on the 5th day of life. The weight of the proximal tibial epiphysis of oestrogen-treated rats was significantly lower from the 25th day, while its DNA content was already significantly lower on the 18th day and the difference was maintained up to the 40th day of life. A significant decrease in the DNA concentration in oestrogen-treated rats did not appear until the 40th day. The weight of the distal tibial epiphysis of experimental rats was also significantly lower from the 25th postnatal day onwards and its DNA content was significantly lower by the 18th day. At 25 days, the DNA content was slightly lower in oestrogen-treated rats, but the significance of the difference disappeared, although it re-appeared on the 40th day of life. As in the two preceding epiphyses, the DNA concentration in the distal tibial epiphysis was not significantly lower in oestrogen-treated animals before the 40th day of life. The results show that the administration of oestrogens in the early postnatal period significantly affects both the absolute DNA content and the DNA concentration in all the epiphyses in question. The reaction does not appear in all the epiphyses at the same time, however. Differences in the degree of maturity of the epiphyses are evidently responsible for the variability of the response as regards the time at which the above changes occur. | 131,351 | [
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Further studies on the mechanism of the carbon tetrachloride induced polysome breakdown. | CCl4 ability to cause polysome breakdown in liver is age-dependent being negligible in the 7 days old rat and abruptly changing to adult values after 14 days of age. The CCl4 induced polysome breakdown process is more intense in the phenobarbital treated than in control rats while the 3-MC prior treatment does not modify its intensity. Prior treatment with SKF 525A increases the intensity of the polysome breakdown process while Sch 5705 or Sch 5706 administration do not modify it. Aminotriazole or cycloheximide pretreatment but not pyrazole administration decrease the intensity of polysome rupture caused by CCl4. The CCl4 deleterious action on strain A/J mouse liver polysomes is as intense as is in the rat liver. Results are discussed in relation to the role of either the irreversible binding of CCl4 components to ribosomes or lipid peroxidation as reponsible for the breakdown process. | 131,362 | [
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[Studies concerning the usefulness of catgut, PGA and polyester for abdominal fascia closure (author's transl)]. | The abdominal fascia incisions of 133 rabbits were closed either with plain gut, chromic gut, PGA or polyester threads. The breaking strength of the wounds were determined tensiometrically at different time intervals and the tissue was examined histologically. For a three-week period the strength of the abdominal wall depends significantly on the intactness of the threads. PGA produces minimal inflammatory reactions, but loses its strength after a fortnight. Since longitudinal incisions are endangered by severe muscle pull, this material cannot be recommended because of the possibility of wound disruption and the formation of hernias. The loss of strength of catgut plain and catgut chromic starts later. Catgut causes inflammatory reactions within the wound area leading to loss of strength of the sutured tissue. Thus incisions of the abdominal fascia should not be closed with catgut. The non-resorbable suture material polyester shows satisfactory strength and minimal tissue reaction. As long as there is no synthetic suture material with mild tissue reaction and late resorption the fascial closure should be sutured with polyester. | 131,363 | [
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[Biological exploration of Paget's disease]. | The laboratory investigation of cases of Paget's disease has revealed results of three types :--small increases in the sedimentation rate, in the ceruloplasmin level, in the average corpuscule volume, and in uricaemia. These changes are of little practical value;--a considerable increase in the common stocks and in the turn-over of calcium, a frequently negative assessment with a parathyroid hormone level at the lower limit of normality. The levels of calcaemia and calciuria, little changed on average, may increase slightly after hospitalization. The use of these parameters is valuable but they are sometimes difficult to interpret;--an increase in the levels of alkaline phosphatases and of urinary hydroxyproline, in relation to the extent and the activity of the disease, and also of certain parameters of calcium-45 and of quantitative histology. A statistical study of the spontaneous evolution of hydroxyprolinuria in 50 patients with Paget's disease who were not treated for less than 3 years, allowed the authors to establish in what conditions a change induced by calcitonin or mithramycin is significant. | 131,366 | [
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Laparoscopy in the investigation of infertility. | Gynaecological units in Great Britain are using the laparoscope increasingly frequently to investigate the infertile woman; in this paper the need for this form of investigation is emphasized. In the Professorial Unit at Glasgow Royral Infirmary, the findings (over a three years period), obtained by the laparoscopic investigation of the infertile woman, are given. It is found that laparoscopy frequently identifies a possible cause of infertility in women whose failure to conceive has remained unexplained by other methods of investigation. | 131,373 | [
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[Laparoscopic photography on infra-red sensitive film]. | Photographs taken on Ektachrome infrared IE 135-20 film during laparoscopy are distinguished by improved contrast. Details that can be recognized indistinctly or not at all on regular color film can be brought out. This film has proved to be particularly useful for the visualization of lymph vessels and close-ups of the surface. | 131,423 | [
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Susceptibility of the resected stomach to experimental carcinogenesis. | The purpose of this study was to find whether gastric resection enhances the incidence of carcinoma in the remaining part of the stomach. 66 male Wistar rats were subjected to stomach resection according to the Billroth I or the Billroth II method. These rats, as well as control animals with intact stomachs, were fed the carcinogen N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (NG). -- 25 of 66 animals developed carcinomas in the gastric remnant. Precancerous lesions were seen in 18 rats. The tumours were characterized histologically as adenocarcinomas. They were almost exclusively localized in the region of the gastroenteral anastomosis. The process of tumour formation in the resected stomach was completed within 17-31 weeks on continuous administration of NG in a concentration of 120 mg/l in the drinking water. In contrast to these findings, the development of cancer in the intact stomach required on average 41 weeks under the same conditions of NG administration. However, with regard to the incidence of malignant changes, no significant difference was observed between animals undergoing the Billroth I method and those undergoing the Billroth II method.--The results suggest that the resected stomach of the rat is more susceptible to induction of cancer than the intac one. Exposure of the resected stomach to an oral carcinogen induces carcinogenesis predominantly in the anastomotic region. | 131,424 | [
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Mitral valve early diastolic closing velocity in the echocardiogram: relation to sequential diastolic flow and ventricular compliance. | Uncertainty exists regarding the determinants of mitral valve early diastolic closing velocity (E-F slope) in the echocardiogram. Accordingly, the mitral E-F slope, sequential atrioventricular flow in each third of diastole in the cineangiogram and an index of ventricular compliance (delta volume/delta pressure normalized by end-diastolic volume) were obtained in 10 normal subjects, 10 patients with coronary artery disease and marked dyssynergy and 9 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The E-F slope of 103 +/- 20 mm/sec (mean +/- standard deviation) in normal subjects was greatly reduced in patients with coronary artery disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (54 +/- 22 and 27 +/- 16 mm/sec, respectively, P less than 0.001). Transmitral flow of 52 +/- 25 cc during the initial third of diastole in normal subjects represented 48 +/- 10 percent of total flow and was diminished in patients with coronary artery disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: 23 +/- 16 cc (25 +/- 24 percent) and 24 +/- 20 cc (20 +/- 11 percent), respectively (both P less than 0.001). The ventricular compliance index in normal subjects of 0.064 +/- 0.02 was also decreased identically in patients with coronary artery disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: 0.029 (both P less than 0.001). The E-F slope was correlated with transmitral flow during the first third of diastole (r = 0.87) but was decreased to a slightly greater extent for any given reduction in flow in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy than in patients with coronary artery disease. Although the E-F slope could not be related to compliance in individual patients, patients with an E-F slope of less than 75 mm/sec nearly always had diminished compliance. Thus, mitral E-F slope is primarily related to transmitral flow in the initial third of diastole. Reduced ventricular diastolic compliance usually results in diminished flow, and thus a decreased E-F slope, in patients with coronary artery disease or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The greater reduction in E-F slope for any decrement of flow in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy than in coronary disease may be due either to interference with vortex streaming or to alterations in the relation of the papillary muscles to the mitral valve induced by altered ventricular geometry; the finding indicates that factors in addition to flow may influence the E-F slope. | 131,483 | [
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Successful repair of a primary aortoduodenal fistula. | Successful repair of a primary aortoduodenal fistula with a Dacron graft is reported. Diagnostic and therapeutic considerations are discussed. | 131,501 | [
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0.149826... |
Locus of evaluation and adjustment to experimentally induced failure and success among disabled adolescents. | Forty-eight adolescents with a physical, intellectual or emotional disability participated in this study, while enrolled in a work adjustment program. A variable designated as "locus of evaluation" was hypothesized to have a significant effect upon how subjects regarded themselves and how experimentally induced success or failure feedback might change this level of regard. The experimental procedure, designed as an analogue to the psychological stress of a disabling condition, involved simulated feedback regarding one's competence relative to an immediate social reference group. Subjects who utilized a locus of evaluation based upon social acceptance and social status were hypothesized to show greater sensitivity to experimentally induced feedback and less self-regard than subjects who less frequently endorsed such locus of evaluation statements. The hypotheses were partially confirmed. Subjects who utilized standards based upon social acceptance and social status (1) revealed lower self-regard, (2) did not consistently raise or lower self-regard after experimentally induced success or failure feedback, (3) revealed a greater shift in self-regard, in either a positive or negative direction after such feedback, compared to subjects who endorsed extrinsically phrased locus of evaluation statements less frequently. | 131,529 | [
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0.1857569,
-0.00325592... |
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