title stringlengths 0 901 | abstract stringlengths 3 9.89k | PMID int64 22 25.3M | embedding listlengths 768 768 |
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Developmental aspects of the innervation of skeletal muscle fibers in the chick embryo. | The M. complexus in the chick, commonly called the hatching muscle, undergoes conspicuous growth during the latter stages of embryonic development. Myogenesis of this muscle was compared to that of M. biceps femoris with regard to development of types of muscle fiber and their innervation. In both muscles beta fibers are of relatively uniform size and show little growth in diameter between 12 days of development and hatching; alpha fibers develop continuously and display a wide range of diameters at all stages. Initial thickenings on the sarcolemma of beta fibers where axons are closely approximate were first observed at 10 days of development in both muscles. In both muscles beta fibers are innervated prior to alpha fibers. Terminal axon networks bridge intercellular spaces and contact beta fibers in different myogenic clusters. alpha fibers that develop on the surface membrane of beta fibers exhibit focal thickenings of the membrane and some cell projections that are directed toward axon-beta fiber contacts. These changes occurred only in alpha fibers of M. complexus. At 14 days of embryogenesis, the processes of synaptogenesis and of myelin formation are less advanced in M. biceps femoris than in M. complexus. At this stage alpha fibers were observed to be innervated in M. complexus, but not yet in M. biceps femoris. Each beta fiber was observed to be encircled by several preterminal axons. It is concluded that the earlier development of M. complexus is correlated with an equally early development of nerve-muscle interactions. | 135,646 | [
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[Frequency of genes and blood groups of the ABO, MN, Rh and P systems among Belorussians and Poles in the Grodno region]. | A distribution of the gene frequencies and blood groups of the ABO, Rh, NM and P system in the poles and the byelorussians in the Grodno region is investigated. The following frequencies of genes in the byelorussians were revealed: r(0)-0,6210; p(A)--0.2451; q(B)--0,1339; D--0,6093; d--0,3907; M--0,6063; N--0,3937; P(+)-- 0,4971; P(--)--0,5029; and in the poles: r(0)--0,6284; p(A)--0,2353; q(B)--0,1363; D--0,6065; d - 0,3935; M - 0,6093; N - 0,0397; P(+) - 0,4966; P(-) - 0,5034. No statistically reliable differences were revealed in frequencies of the alleles and phenotypes of the investigated systems in the poles and byelorussians. By comparison of the same isoantigen systems of the byelorussians in the Grodno region with the common population of the byelorussians in the BSSR it was found that statistically significant differences do not exist. The comparison of the poles in the Grodno region with the poles in the Polish People's Republic showed a statistically reliable difference of their genofunds in terms of the gene frequencies: r(0), p(A), D, d, P(+), P(-). This confirms the hypothesis about an indigenous origin of the poles in the Grodno region. | 135,709 | [
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[Characteristics of inbreeding of the population and distribution of schizophrenia in one of the rural regions of Azerbaijan]. | The investigation was carried out in Pushkin region of Azerbaijan SSR. The coefficient of inbreeding was found to be 0,01306 and 0,01142 in 2 typical villages; the frequency of consanguineous marriage in both villages was 30%. The occurrence of consanguineous marriage is explained by a little migration of the population, large families and a stability of marriage traditions. An increased frequency of parental consanguinities of sporadic schizophrenic patients in comparison with the average one was found. This indicates the determination of somes cases by rare recessive genes. | 135,711 | [
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Regulation of hypoxanthine transport in Neurospora crassa. | Hypoxanthine uptake and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity (EC 2.4.2.8) were determined in germinated conidia from the adenine auxotrophic strains ad-1 and ad-8 and the double mutant strain ad-1 ad-8. The mutant strain ad-1 appears to lack aminoimidazolecarboximide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (EC 2.1.2.3) or inosine 5'monophosphate cyclohydrolase (EC 3.5.1.10) activities, or both, whereas the ad-8 strain lacks adenylosuccinate synthase activity (EC 6.3.4.4). Normal (or wild-type) hypoxanthine transport capacity was found to the ad-1 conidia, whereas the ad-8 strains failed to take up any hypoxanthine. The double mutant strains showed intermediate transport capacities. Similar results were obtained for hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl-transferase activity assayed in germinated conidia. The ad-1 strain showed greatest activity, the ad-8 strain showed the least activity, and the double mutant strain showed intermediate activity levels. Ion-exchange chromatography of the growth media revealed that in the presence of NH+/4, the ad-8 strain excreted hypoxanthine or inosine, the ad-1 strain did not excrete any purines, and the ad-1 ad-8 double mutant strain excreted uric acid. In the absence of NH+/4, none of the strains excreted any detectable purine compounds. | 135,758 | [
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Regulatory effect of interferon on T cells in vitro. | Purified human lymphocyte interferon (PIF) was added to mixed lymphocyte cultures; DNA synthesis was measured and killer-cell generation was determined. At certain concentrations, PIF ingibited proliferation, but at the same time increased the killer efficiency of the resultant culture cells. It is suggested that lymphokines, apart from their normal mediator function, may play a role as regulators of the generating immune response. | 135,810 | [
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Endocrine effects of masturbation in men. | The levels of pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), androstenedione, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), oestrone, oestradiol, cortisol and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured in the peripheral plasma of a group of young, apparently healthy males before and after masturbation. The same steroids were also determined in a control study, in which the psychological antipation of masturbation was encouraged, but the physical act was not carried out. The plasma levels of all steroids were significantly increased after masturbation, whereas steroid levels remained unchanged in the control study. The most marked changes after masturbation were observed in pregnenolone and DHA levels. No alterations were observed in the plasma levels of LH. Both before and after masturbation plasma levels of testosterone were significantly correlated to those of DHT and oestradiol, but not to those of the other steroids studied. On the other hand, cortisol levels were significantly correlated to those of pregnenolone, DHA, androstenedione and oestrone. In the same subjects, the levels of pregnenolone, DHA, androstenedione, testosterone and DHT, androstenedione and oestrone. In the same subjects, the levels of pregnenolone, DHA, androstenedione, testosterone and DHT in seminal plasma were also estimated; they were all significantly correlated to the levels of the corresponding steroid in the systemic blood withdrawn both before and after masturbation. As a practical consequence, the results indicate that whenever both blood and semen are analysed, blood sampling must precede semen collection. | 135,817 | [
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Discharges of single hindlimb afferents in the freely moving cat. | 1. Implanted semimicroelectrodes were used to record single afferent fiber discharges from L7 dorsal roots during unrestrained walking in the conscious cat. 2. A series of tests were used to identify an afferent during a short period of anesthesia following each recording session. The majority of afferents were from muscle spindle primary endings in hindlimb muscles. 3. Ankle extensor spindle primaries generally showed their highest firing rates during that phase of stepping in which they were passively stretched. During active muscle contraction there was evidence of fusimotor drive, although this was not usually sufficient to entirely overcome the unloading effect of rapid muscle shortening. The variability of firing rate from cycle to cycle was considerably greater for the phase of active muscle contraction. The EMG response to brisk stretches of the ankle extensor muscle indicated a rapid (disynaptic or trisynaptic) reflex arc in the conscious animal. 4. Knee flexor spindle primaries showed similarly higher firing rates during passive muscle stretching in the step cycle. The shorter periods of presumed alpha-gamma coactivation corresponded to the much more phasic role of these muscles in stepping. 5. Tendon organs in the physiological extensors of the toes were mainly active during stance, although some discharges were usually seen during the swing phase. It is suggested that previous experiments on mesencephalic preparations may have led to an exaggerated view of the degree of alpha-gamma coactivation during normal stepping movements. | 135,821 | [
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Spherical microparticles in human myocardium: an ultrastructural study. | Clusters of spherical microparticles (SMP) that averaged 500 A in diameter and were composed of dense cores surrounded by single trilaminar membranes were found in operatively obtained myocardial biopsies from 29 of 70 patients with various types of heart diseases including: left atrial myocardium (14 patients) and right atrial myocardium (four patients) of 14 patients with mitral valvular disease; left ventricular myocardium of three of 16 patients with aortic valvular disease, three of 16 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and two of four patients with combined mitral and aortic valvular disease; and crista supraventricularis muscle of seven of 20 patients with congenital heart diseases associated with muscular obstruction to right ventricular outflow. SMP were consistently associated with interstitial fibrosis and with degeneration of the muscle cells. SMP occurred along the outer surfaces on the sides and free ends of muscle cells in areas of fibrosis, in the widened spaces between membranes of partially dissociated intercellular junctions, and within cytoplasmic vesicles considered to be phagocytic. SMP frequently were joined together by minute nexuses that were structurally identical with those forming parts of intercellular junctions of muscle cells. Evidence is presented to show that SMP occur commonly in tissues other than myocardium. It is concluded that SMP form in the heart as part of a process that mediates the remodeling of cellular surfaces, especially those of intercellular junctions undergoing dissociation. | 135,884 | [
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[Recording and evaluation of audiometric data before and after operations in the middle ear a proposal for standardization (author's transl)]. | For audiological analysis of the results of operations in the middle ear raising of audiometric values in 10 dB ranges is sufficient, differentiated for bone and air conduction, pre- and postoperatively for frequencies of 0.5/1/2/4/8 kHz. Mean values of frequencies of 0.5/1/2 kHz for air and bone conduction as well as for sound conduction component raised for each patient are used for statistical analysis exclusively. Two hypotheses are under trial, i.e. bone conduction does not change after operation and that postoperative sound conduction component remains possibly small. An audiogramm-like presentation of the results is preferred to frequency distribution curves. Data processing programmes, suited for several computer systems are available. | 135,906 | [
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[Characteristics of the microflora of soddy-podzol soil during single-crop cultivation of agricultural plants and during crop rotation]. | Structural organization of microbial populations in soddy-podzolic soil was studied during growth of agricultural plants in monoculture and in crop rotation. The content of bacteria and their biomass decreased when plants were grown in monoculture. The content of actinomycetes, bacilli and oligonitrophilic microorganisms increased in soil during crop rotation as compared with monocultures, suggesting a higher rate of mobilization processes. The content of microscopic fingi in soil increased when lupine was grown in monoculture. Growth of plants in monoculture affects the cenotic structure of soil microflora. The composition of active soil microflora was characterized by a wider spectrum of microbial forms during crop rotation of monocultures. | 135,916 | [
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Overdose of lioresal. | This is the first reported case of a major overdose of Lioresal (baclofen or CIBA BA-346467). A 29-year-old woman with known Huntington's disease took from 900 to 970 mg of Lioresal, a cogener of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) used experimentally to treat muscle spasm. She was admitted in deep coma with absent brain stem reflexes and without spontaneous respiration, and she required cardiovascular support. Her pupils were fixed at 3 mm and unreactive for 48 hours. She continued to require intensive support for a total of 72 hours and had one seizure during the recovery phase. Her eventual recovery was complete. No specific antidotes are currently available for overdose of Lioresal and supportive care is the only method of treatment for overdose. | 135,933 | [
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Effect of papaverine on the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle of the guinea-pig caecum. | Electrical and mechanical activity of smooth muscle of the guinea-pig caecum was recorded by means of the sucrose-gap technique. The responses of longitudinal and circular smooth muscle to acetycholine were differently affected by changes of extracellular calcium concentration (0.8, 2.5 and 7.5 mM). The contractions of both preparations were depressed at high Ca++ concentrations, whereas at low Ca++ concentrations only contractions of the circular smooth muscle were augmented. The stimulatory effect of acetylcholine was decreased by papaverine in both preparations at all three concentrations of Ca++. This inhibition was the greater the lower the concentration of extracellular Ca++ and this process was more pronounced in the circular muscle. The ability of papaverine to counteract the effect of lowered concentrations of extracellular Ca++ on membrane excitability may well explain its inhibitory effect upon intestinal smooth muscle. | 135,990 | [
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A hybrid modular set for on-line preprocessing of data in electrophysiology. | An introductory review of hardware aspects of on-line experimental data processing reveals that the combination of a specialized (hard-wired) preprocessing unit coupled with a programmable laboratory computer is an optimal set up for an electrophysiological laboratory. The paper deals with a proposed modular system, which makes the assembly of a large number of different preprocessing units possible. Some practical applications of the preprocessing units coupled with a LINC (D.E.C.) computer are presented in conclusion. | 135,994 | [
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[Fracture-dislocations of the upper end of the humerus]. | 30 cases have been collected and treated by the authors. They classify the anatomical types according to the direction and nature of the fracture line. The treatment is more difficult when the fracture is intra-capsular than when it is extra capsular, that is metaphysial or below the tuberosities. A particular type was described, called "vertical fracture" by the authors. The major complication was a persistent joint stiffness, commonly bound to an avascular necrosis of the humeral head, especially in intra-capsular fractures. An orthopaedic reduction should always be attempted when the fracture is impacted. In the other cases, the treatment should be surgical aiming at obtaining a reduction of the dislocation and fixation of the fracture. The opportunity of an early arthroplasty in intra-capsular, comminuted fractures with extruded capital fragments is discussed. | 136,022 | [
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[Treatment of flexion-pronation contracture of the wrist in hemiplegic children]. | Thirty-three cases of infantile spastic hemiplegia have been treated surgically for wrist deformity in flexion, pronation and ulnar deviation. The authors used Green's technique in most of the cases (transplantation of flexor carpi ulnaris to the extensores carpi) either in isolation or in association with lengthening of the pronator teres. The indications for surgery are given and the details of surgical technique and postoperative care are described. The complications are described and the factors affecting prognosis are analysed. Half of the cases had good or excellent results; five were failures. | 136,026 | [
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The heart in cardiomyopathy: a postmortem study. | Thirty-five consecutive cases of cardiomyopathy were studied at postmortem examination. The morbid anatomical changes found in the heart are described, with particular reference to ventricular hypertrophy. Contrary to most views, right ventricular predominance is found to be common in cardiomyopathy as seen in Blacks in and around Durban. No apparent couse for predominant right ventricular hypertrophy was found in this study. | 136,049 | [
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Histological aspects of cervical ripening. | There is a close relationship between the rate of the uterine cervix opening during parturition and the presence or absence of a completely ripened cervix. In order to learn the basic pattern of the ripening of cervix, histological and histochemical studies were performed on the human uterine cervix during pregnancy. It was noted that the collagen bundles disintegrated into fine fibers and also underwent quantitative changes during the ripening process of the cervix. During pregnancy, the number of connective tissue cells was increased, but that of mast cells was decreased. Acid mucopolysaccharides in the cervical ground substance were found to increase in late pregnancy. | 136,067 | [
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Development of meningeal leukemia in rats by intracerebral or intrameningeal inoculation of the acute transplantable leukemia L 5222. | An experimental model of meningeal leukemia is developed by intracerebral or intrameningeal inoculation of cells from the transplantable acute rat leukemia L 5222. The histopathological pattern is similar to that observed in central nervous system leukemia in man. The leukemia L 5222 becomes systemic 2 days after intracerebral inoculation. | 136,103 | [
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Mutagenicity of beta-oxidized N,N,-di-n-propylnitrosamine derivatives in S. typhimurium mediated by rat and hamster tissues. | The relative abilities of liver, kidney and lung fractions from untreated or phenobarbitone-pretreated rats and hamsters to convert N,N-di-n-propylnitrosamine and several beta-oxidized synthetic putative intermediates into mutagens was quantitatively compared in a tissue-mediated mutagenicity assay with S. typhimurium TA 1530 in vitro. With one exception, namely, N,N-di(2-acetoxy-n-propyl)nitrosamine, liver was the most active tissue from hamsters; in rats also, only liver fractions were able to activate some nitroso-compounds to mutagens. The highest enzyme-mediated mutagenicities were observed with N-2-hydroxy-n-propyl-N-n-propylnitrosamine, N,N-di-n-propylnitrosamine and N,N-di(2-acetoxy-n-propyl)nitrosamine. Hamster lung tissue converted N,N-di-n-propylnitrosamine, N-2-hydroxy-n-propyl-N-n-propylnitrosamine and N,N-di(2-acetoxy-n-propyl)nitrosamine into mutagens; activity with the latter compound was greater with lung tissue than with liver tissue when untreated animals were used. N-methyl-N-n-propylnitrosamine was mutagenic in the presence of hamster liver fraction but less so than N,N-di-n-propylnitrosamine. The results of the mutagenicity assays using various tissues are qualitatively compared to sites of tumour formation in rats and hamsters by these N-nitrosamines. | 136,104 | [
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High-fibre, low-saturated-fat diet and the aetiology of colo-rectal carcinomata in a low-risk population. | The Chilean population exhibits a very low risk for colo-rectal cancer. The farm workers have a high-fibre, low-saturated-fat diet and also an extremely low age-adjusted death rate for colonic and rectal cancer, in each sex. A highly significant positive correlation between age-adjusted death rates from arteriosclerotic heart disease in males and colonic and rectal cancer death rates suggests that high levels of saturated fats and/or cholesterol in the diet may be incriminated for high death rates from large bowel cancer. It is concluded that high plant fibre content and low levels of saturated fats and/or cholesterol in the diet may be important factors influencing the very low age-adjusted death rates from colo-rectal carcinoma in Chilean farm workers. | 136,112 | [
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Distribution and carcinogenic action of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (SDMH) in rats. | The radioactivity in the blood, bile, and contents from different parts of the gastro-intestinal tract was estimated for different time intervals up to 24 h after 3H-SDMH injection to rats. 65% of the radioactivity was excreted in the urine. Of the total quantity of radioactive products entering the intestine, 96% is brought with bile and only 4% from the circulation through the wall of the intestine. This latter small amount of SDMH metabolites plays a leading role in the genesis of intestinal tumours. This conclusion was proved by the observation that the intestinal tumours developed in different isolated segments of the gut where the entry of bile was excluded and by published data indicating that SDMH is excreted unchanged in the bile. It was shown that the carcinogenic effect depends upon the dose schedule of carcinogen treatment, probably, due to the changes in the SDMH metabolism. The optimal conditions for induction of intestinal tumours occur after administration of SDMH in a dose of 21 mg/kg body weight once a week. Hypothetic SDMH metabolic pathways leading to tumour production have been considered in the light of available experimental data. | 136,114 | [
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Chemical composition of the nasal gland secretions from the marsh deer Odocoileus (Dorcelaphus) dichotomus (Illiger). | The secretion of the nasal gland from the marsh deer (Odocoileus dichotomus) has shown to be a lipid mixture predominantly containing cholesterol esters, mono- and diester waxes, the latter of which containing 2-hydroxy fatty acids. The alcoholic constituents of the mono- and diester waxes contain considerable amounts of mono-unsaturated homologues, all with the double bonds in (omega-9)-position. | 136,118 | [
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Induced isoflavonoids from fungus-infected stems of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan). | Four antifungal isoflavones [7-hydroxy-4'-methoxy-(1); 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-(2); 5,7,2',4'-tetrahydroxy-(3); 5,2',4'-trihydroxy-7-methoxy-(4)] and one isoflavanone [(5,2'-dihydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxy-(7)] have been isolated from the fungus-infected stems of Cajanus cajan. A sixth compound has been provisionally identified as 5,2'-dihydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyisoflavone (5). The structure of 5,2'-dihydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyisoflavanone (cajanol) was confirmed by synthesis from ferreirin (5,7,2'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavanone). | 136,119 | [
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Oral D2O administration and enzymatic changes in rat testis. | Heavy water caused marked gradual decrease in the weight of the body as well as the testes throughout the treatment interval ranging from 1 to 6 weeks. Following D2O oral administration, an overall significant fall in the activity of acid phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase was registered. On the other hand, the activity of lactic and succinic dehydrogenases, alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase increases following D2O treatment. These changes in the enzyme activity are suggestive of an altered metabolism of the testes in response to D2O administration. Our data corroborate the view that biological systems do discriminate between H2 and D2. | 136,164 | [
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The effect of complete and partial deconditioning on exercise-induced cardiovascular changes in the rat. | Exercise conditioning of young male rats by swimming for 1 h, 5 times per week for 10 weeks results in a reduced gain in body weight, cardiac hypertrophy and hyperplasia, an increase in myocardial capillary density, and an increase in cross-sectional laminal areas of extracoronary collateral arteries. The effects of partial or complete deconditioning on these changes were studied by randomizing young male rats exercise-conditioned for 10 weeks to groups either kept sedentary or subjected to varying amounts of exercise for a second 10-week period. Their hearts were compared with those of unexercised controls using quantitative histologic measurements. During the second 10 weeks, exercise conditioning was found not to continue to suppress weight gain. However, frequent relative short-duration exercise sessions (as little as 15 min per session) frequently prevented an accelerated increase in body weight associated with deconditioning. A complete regression of exercise-induced cardiovascular adaptive changes occurred when wxercise was discontinued completely for 10 weeks or the duration of sessions was cut to 15 min. In order to maintain cardiac hypertrophy, exercise had to be continued for 1 h, 5 times per week while hyperplasia could be maintained with shorter duration, less frequent sessions (30 min, twice a week). The maintenance of increased myocardial capillary density required a similar amount of exercise, and at least 1 h of exercise once a week was necessary to maintain the enlargement of ECA.20 | 136,175 | [
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The laparoscopist and electrosurgery. | A brief discussion of the physics relating to electrosurgical techniques is given, the complications inherent in this technique when used at laparoscopy are discussed, and the treatment and means of preventing these accidents are reviewed. | 136,199 | [
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Renal artery false aneurysm. An unusual complication of prosthetic patch angioplasty. | False aneurysm formation in a twenty-nine year old black woman treated for renovascular hypertension secondary to fibromuscular hyperplasia by knitted Dacron prosthetic patch angioplasty is reported. Etiologic mechanisms are discussed. The most likely factors leading to false aneurysm formation in this patient are disproportionate compliance between the arterial wall and the prosthesis and increased rigidity of the prosthesis, associated with increased shearing and vibratory stress. This patient was treated successfully by resection of the prosthetic path and involved artery with end-to-end reanastomosis of the artery. | 136,210 | [
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The mucopolysaccharide pattern in the retina after laser treatment. | Albino mouse retinas were irradiated with a ruby pulse laser. After irradiation, an increase in acid mucopolysaccharide was observed in the interreceptor matrix. | 136,219 | [
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Influence of medication on development of serum antibody to swine dysentery as detected with indirect fluorescent antibody method. | Serums from 119 swine exposed to swine dysentery inoculum, and medicated with various drugs, were tested for antibodies to the large spirochete, using the indirect fluorescent antibody test, and were compared in tests with known positive serums from 18 nonmedicated swine which had recovered naturally. An inverse relationship existed between the efficacy of the drug and the serum antibody titer (highest dilution of the serum producing immunofluorescence of large spirochetes). The more efficacious drugs or doses resulted in lesser development of serum antibody. Diarrhea usually seemed necessary for the development of serum antibody. With the less efficacious drugs, there were more days of diarrhea. Some swine had diarrhea but did not develop an antibody titer, and a few swine had a titer but did not develop diarrhea. Swine which developed a titer were more immune against reexposure with infective inoculum. The medicaments, especially those given at higher concentrations, seemed to resolve the diarrhea or prevent the development of diarrhea, occurrences which were necessary for the development of immunity. | 136,221 | [
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Detection of aneuploid cells in fibroblast cultures from the father of two trisomy 21 patients. | Karyotype analysis was performed on successive cultures of fibroblasts from the parents of two trisomic 21 patients. Starting from the 7th passage in the father cultures an aneuploid clone showing an extra E-like chromosome was found, which eventually overgrew the cell population. The significance of this cytogenetic finding is discussed in relation to the recurrence of the trisomy in the family. | 136,224 | [
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[Occupational dermatoses due to polyurethane drugs]. | Twenty cases of occupational dermatoses caused by isocyanates, especially diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and tri-isocyanate-triphenylmethane are reported. The handling of patch test substances is described. Personal in test laboratories have to be considered as persons at risk. Findings give some evidence for cross-sensitization between MDI and the corresponding diamine diaminodiphenylmethane. Moreover, it is supposed that MDI may give rise to cross-sensitization to p-phenylene diamine and chemically related compounds. | 136,244 | [
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Glucose metabolism in perfused skeletal muscle. Effects of starvation, diabetes, fatty acids, acetoacetate, insulin and exercise on glucose uptake and disposition. | 1. The regulation of glucose uptake and disposition in skeletal muscle was studied in the isolated perfused rat hindquarter. 2. Insulin and exercise, induced by sciatic-nerve stimulation, enhanced glucose uptake about tenfold in fed and starved rats, but were without effect in rats with diabetic ketoacidosis. 3. At rest, the oxidation of lactate (0.44 mumol/min per 30 g muscle in fed rats) was decreased by 75% in both starved and diabetic rats, whereas the release of alanine and lactate (0.41 and 1.35 mumol/min per 30 g respectively in the fed state) was increased. Glycolysis, defined as the sum of lactate+alanine release and lactate oxidation, was not decreased in either starvation or diabetes. 4. In all groups, exercise tripled O2 consumption (from approximately 8 to approximately 25 mumol/min per 30 g of muscle) and increased the release and oxidation of lactate five- to ten-fold. The differences in lactate release between fed, starved and diabetic rats observed at rest were no longer apparent; however, lactate oxidation was still several times greater in the fed group. 5. Perfusion of the hindquarter of a fed rat with palmitate, octanoate or acetoacetate did not alter glucose uptake or lactate release in either resting or exercising muslce; however, lactate oxidation was significantly inhibited by acetoacetate, which also increased the intracellular concentration of acetyl-CoA. 6. The data suggest that neither that neither glycolysis nor the capacity for glucose transport are inhbitied in the perfused hindquarter during starvation or perfusion with fatty acids or ketone bodies. On the other hand, lactate oxidation is inhibited, suggesting diminished activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase. 7. Differences in the regulation of glucose metabolism in heart and skeletal muscle and the role of the glucose/fatty acid cycle in each tissue are discussed. | 136,249 | [
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Inhibition of (Na+, K+)adenosine triphosphatase and its partial reactions by quercetin. | The bioflavonoid, quercetin, inhibited the (Na+, K+)adenosine triphosphatase purified from the electric organ of electric eel (Electrophorus electricus) or from lamb kidney. An analysis of its mode of action revealed that the formation of phosphoenzyme from Pi but not from ATP was inhibited. Quercetin increased the amount of ADP-sensitive phosphoenzyme (E1--P), indicating an inhibition of the conversion of E1--P to the ADP-insensitive form (E2--P). The rate of dephosphorylation of the phosphoenzyme formed from ATP was slowed by quercetin. These results suggest that quercetin inhibits the formation of E2--P from either Pi or E1-P as well as the hydrolysis of the phosphoenzyme. Its mode of action is therefore different from that of ouabain and other inhibitors of the Na+, K+)adenosine triphosphatase. | 136,269 | [
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Myosin and actomyosin from human skeletal muscle. | Human skeletal natural actomyosin contained actin, tropomyosin, troponin and myosin components as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Purified human myosin contained at least three light chains having molecular weights (+/-2000) of 25 000, 18 000 and 15 000. Inhibitory and calcium binding components of troponin were identified in an actin-tropomyosin-troponin complex extracted from acetone-dried muscle powder at 37 degrees C. Activation of the Mg-ATPase activity of Ca2+-sensitive human natural or reconstituted actomyosin was half maximal at approximately 3.4 muM Ca2+ concentration (CaEGTA binding constant equals 4.4 - 10(5) at pH 6.8). Subfragment 1, isolated from the human heavy meromyosin by digestion with papain, appeared as a single peak after DEAE-cellulose chromatography. In the pH 6-9 range, the Ca2+-ATPase activity of the subfragment 1 was 1.8- and 4-fold higher that the original heavy meromyosin and myosin, respectively. The ATPase activities of human myosin and its fragments were 6-10 fold lower than those of corresponding proteins from rabbit fast skeletal muscle. Human myosin lost approximately 60% of the Ca2+-ATPase activity at pH 9 without a concomitant change in the number of distribution of its light chains. These findings indicate that human skeletal muscle myosin resembles other slow and fast mammalian muscles. Regulation of human skeletal actomyosin by Ca2+ is similar to that of rabbit fast or slow muscle. | 136,273 | [
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Effect of digitoxin on cardiac hypertrophy induced by pericardiectomy and exercise. | Removal of the pericardium in combination with a mild exercise programme of swimming resulted in a significant increase in heart weight and heart weight/body weight ratio of young rats. Heart weight/body weight ratios were 3.46+/-0.25 in the sedentary control animals, 4.16+/-0.26 in pericardiectomized animals swimming 2 h each day, and 4.60+/-0.22 in pericardiectomized animals swimming 6h/d. The effect of pericardiectomy on the development of cardiac hypertrophy is additive to that of mild exercise (2h/d) but not to prolonged exercise (6h/d). The administration of digitoxin significantly decreased the development of cardiac hypertrophy in pericardiectomized animals that were exercised for 2 h/d but not those exercised for 6 h/d. These findings further substantiate the physiological effect on the heart of the pericardium. The effects of pericardiectomy should be considered in experimental studies of cardiac hypertrophy and in clinical studies involving cardiac surgery. | 136,297 | [
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A methodology for establishing a diagnostic index for syndromes of unknown etiology. | A method has been developed to test for heterogeneity in syndromes of unknown etiology and to distinguish between patients with and without the syndrome. The validity of the method was tested on a group of patients suspected of having a syndrome that can be diagnosed by other means (Down syndrome), and was found to be effective. The method was then applied to a group of patients suspected of having a syndrome of unknown etiology (de Lange). It was shown that the group appears to be heterogeneous. A preliminary diagnosis of having or not having the syndrome was made in about 80% of the patients. | 136,323 | [
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Elimination and serum protein binding of phenylbutazone in patients with renal insufficiency. | In uremic patients the serum protein binding of phenylbutazone was significantly decreased. The concentration of the dialyzable drug estimated by equilibrium dialysis was increased by 117-1100% (mean +/-SD = 502 +/- 236%). No correlation exists between the serum protein binding of phenylbutazone and the concentration of serum albumin, urea and creatinine. The serum protein binding of glymidine was also decreased in the uremic patients (dialyzable fraction increased by 214%). The apparent plasma levels of phenylbutazone immediately after its ingestion (600 mg per os) were decreased in uremic patients (44.5 +/- 11 mug/ml) in comparison with healthy subjects (66.3 +/- 17.3 mug/ml). The half life of phenylbutazone was decreased in the uremic patients (41.7 +/- 12.4 hr) in comparison with healthy volunteers (58.9 +/- 14.9 hr). It is suggested that the accelerated elimination of phenylbutazone in uremic patients is caused by an altered distribution of the drug caused by its decreased serum protein binding. | 136,326 | [
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Plasma insulin response to glibornuride in thyrotoxicosis. | The glycemic and insulinemic response to i.v. glibornuride injection has been studied in a group of 8 euthyroid subjects and in a group of 9 thyrotoxic patients before and after reserpine treatment. In thyrotoxic patients sulfonylurea did not lower blood glucose more than in normal subjects. The plasma insulin response, however, was definitely higher than that of the controls in the first few minutes; after the 20th minute, however, levels of insulinemia were not appreciably different in the two groups. Insulin delivery rate was greater in hyperthyroid patients than in the controls. Administration of reserpine for a few days, did not modify either insulin response or blood glucose fall in thyrotoxic patients. | 136,374 | [
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[Trichosporon capitatum as pathogen of dermatomycoses]. | Three cases of dermatomcycosis are reported, caused by Trichosporon capitatum, a yeast-like organism, belonging to genus Trichosporon of the Cryptococcaceae, which till now was isolated out of dermatological material only in a few cases. One of the lesions, characterized as "leuconychia mycotica", is a problematic task with regard to the treatment, for it is a professional infection in an offset-printer. A glycerol containing fluid for wiping his printing machine was detected as reservoir of yeastlike agents and continuously scattering infection cause. The pathogenic role of Trichosporon capitatum is discussed with regard to the present literature and to the three reported cases. | 136,429 | [
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Removal of "tightly bound" nucleotides from soluble mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase (F1). | Soluble mitochondrial ATPase (F1) from beef heart prepared in this laboratory contained approximately 1.8 mol of ADP and 0 mol of ATP/mol of F1 which were not removed by repeated precipitation of the enzyme with ammonium sulfate solution or by gel filtration in low ionic strength buffer containing EDTA. This enzyme had full coupling activity. Treatment of the enzyme with trypsin (5 mug/mg of F1 for 3 min) reduced the "tightly bound" ADP to zero, abolished coupling activity, but had no effect on the ATPase activity, stability, or membrane-binding capability of the F1. When the trypsin concentration was varied between 0 and 5 mug/mg of F1, tightly bound ADP was removed to varying degrees, and a correlation was seen between amount of residual tightly bound ADP and residual coupling activity. Gel filtration of the native F1 in high ionic strength buffer containing EDTA also caused complete loss of tightly bound ADP and coupling ability, whereas ATPase activity, stability, and membrane-binding capability were retained. The ADP-depleted F1 preparations were unable to rebind normal amounts of ADP or any ATP in simple reloading experiments. The results strongly suggest that tightly bound ADP is required for ATP synthesis and for energy-coupled ATP hydrolysis on F1. The results also suggest that ATP synthesis and energy-linked ATP hydrolysis rather than involving one nucleotide binding site on F1, involve a series or "cluster" of sites. The ATP hydrolysis site may represent one component of this cluster. The results show that nonenergy-coupled ATP hydrolysis on F1 can occur in the absence of tightly bound ADP or ATP. | 136,445 | [
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Behavior of the Ca2+ transport sites linked with the phosphorylation reaction of ATPase purified from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. | Both the formation and decay of phosphorylated ATPase, and Ca2+ release from and rebinding to transport sites alpha sites) on the enzyme have been investigated in the pre- and post-steady states by means of rapid mixing acid quench technique and a stopped flow technique, respectively. At a relatively high concentration of enzyme (10 muM protein) and a low concentration of free Ca2+ (1.42 muM), rapid changes in the Ca2+ affinity of the transport sites could be monitored with the use of a Ca2+ indicator dye, Arsenazo III. As the enzyme becomes phosphorylated, Ca2+ is released. In the early stages, the ratio of Ca2+ released to acid-stable phosphoenzyme is less than 2, while at the maximum of Ca2+ release, which occurs later than the maximum phosphorylation, it is greater than 2. Assuming that phosphorylation of the enzyme releases both Ca2+ bound to it (Ikemoto, N. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 7219), these data are consistent with the sequential formation of two acid-stable intermediates differing in Ca2+ affinity and a third acid-labile phosphorylated species of low Ca2+ affinity. The changes in Ca2+ affinity are probably related to changes in the structure of the ATPase transport protein that are involved in the Ca2+ translocation in the intact sarcoplasmic reticulum. As the ATP is being used up, Ca2+ rebinding occurs concomitantly with the decay of phosphoenzyme. The comparison of the time courses of Ca2+ rebinding with that of dephosphorylation in the post-steady state suggests that interactions among phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated ATPase molecular may also be involved in the Ca2+ affinity changes. | 136,449 | [
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Immunity to Plasmodium Berghei yoelii in mice. I. The course of infection in T cell and B cell deficient mice. | The course of infection with 17X nonlethal Plasmodium berghei yoelii was examined in BALB/c mice which were deficient in either T cells or B cells. Markedly increased parasitemia and mortality were observed in athymic (nude) mice which had been backcrossed on a BALB/c background (T cell deficient) compared to similar mice which had been grafted with neonatal BALB/c thymus, and were also observed in BALB/c mice suppressed from birth with goat antiserum to mouse mu-chain (B cell deficient) compared to age- and sex-matched BALB/c controls. These results establish the requirement for the presence of both T cells and B cells for effective resistance to an intercurrent infection with 17XNL P.b. yoelii in adult BALB/c mice. Mechanisms by which the requirement for both T cells and B cells could be explained were discussed. The model of mu suppression was shown to be a valuable tool for an evaluation of the cellular basis of immunity to an infectious disease. | 136,472 | [
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The fluorescein-antifluorescein quenching system as a model for assaying changes in antibody function. | A rapid, simple and inexpensive procedure is presented for utilizing the fluorescein-antifluorescein quenching reaction as a model system to monitor and evaluate changes in antibody function brought about by conjugation and modification procedures. Experiments showing 1) the gradual loss of antigen-binding activity during dinitrophenylation, 2) the partial loss and subsequent recovery of activity during the reversible blocking of amino groups by citraconylation and 3) the quantitative release of bound fluorescein during guanidine denaturation were performed to demonstrate the versatility of the model. | 136,476 | [
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Ruthenium red-staining coat of paired neoplastic and nonneoplastic mouse cell lines in cluture. | The ruthenium red-staining coat (RRSC) of a pair of neoplastic and nonneoplastic cell lines derived from a common pool of mouse embryo cells was examined by electron microscopy. The object was to establish whether a thickening of RRSC is associated with "spontaneous" neoplastic transformation of cells in culture. Ruthenium red has an affinity for acid mucopolysaccharides of the cell coat. Differences in thickness of RRSC between cells of these neoplastic and nonneoplastic lines were negligible. | 136,519 | [
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Biochemical aspects of experimental cardiac hypertrophy. | In experimental cardiac hypertrophy induced by aortic constriction of rats, the hypertrophy was established after 5-7 days. The basic biochemical changes for increasing tissue mass; increases in protein, nucleic acid, and polyamine synthesis started to occur between 2 and 8 hours followed by an increase in uridine nucleotide pools via predominance of "salvage" pathway. Although the precise coupling mechanism between mechanical stress and biochemical changes is still obscure, an interval between increased load and DNA transcription may be quite short. Some of the key enzymes regulating these processes showed a biphasic response the reason of which is not clear. The established hypertrophied heart muscle showed a decrease in velocity of isotonic shortening and an increase in resting tension. The former alteration is referred to a decrease in myosin ATPase activity and an disorder in excitation-contraction coupling mechanism, and the latter is supposed to be due to an increase in collagen in heart muscle. | 136,528 | [
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[The fistula of the first branchial cleft A critical presentation of its pathogenesis and its clinical and surgical problems. A description of one case combined with a fistula auris congenita (author's transl)]. | A case of congenital fistula of the first branchial cleft (Ohr-Hals-Fistel) is presented. Based on the previously published cases the anatomical and clinical aspects of the disease are summed up. Pathogenesis is discussed on the underlying principles of embryological basic research, centering on Hochstetter's "Entwicklungsgeschichte der Ohrmuschel und des äusseren Gehörganges des Menschen" (1948), a publication that is hardly known. Some hypotheses on the genesis of the fistula of the first branchial cleft are criticised and a new hypothesis is developed to the effect that the fistula is caused by a disturbance in the development of the external ear channel. A few critical remarks are added concerning the discussion on the genesis of fistula auris congenita. | 136,556 | [
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[Early cancer detection in the oro-pharyngo-laryngeal area: analysis of a regional screening project (author's transl)]. | During a six months lasting screening project 6866 persons were examined free of cost. Inspection of the mouth, endoscopy of the naso-hypopharynx and larynx with the Wolf-endoscope after v. Stuckrad, and palpation of the neck were included. Every sixth person required further diagnosis or treatment. Precanceroses were found in almost 3%, and up to now malignomas were found in 0.3% of the screened persons. Among these 14 cases of cancer were 9 carcinomas of the larynx. This comparatively high percentage of precanceroses and cancer favors the endoscopic screening of patients with organ-related symptoms and of high risk groups. | 136,575 | [
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Super suppressor action spectrum in Neurospora. | The action of super suppressors mapping at eight separate loci upon ten different nonsense mutants is examined. These suppressors can be subdivided into seven classes based upon their capacity to restore function to the test mutants. | 136,592 | [
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Marrow transplantation for treatment of aplastic anemia. An analysis of factors associated with graft rejection. | Seventy-three consecutive patients with severe aplastic anemia were treated by marrow grafts from normal, HLA-identical siblings, and 68 lived long enough to demonstrate engraftment. In 21 patients the garft was rejected, and 19 of these patients died. This analysis, using a binary logistic regression model, was aimed at identifying factors that predicted marrow-graft rejection. Of the 24 factors entered into the analysis, only two strongly correlated with graft rejection: a positive relative response index in mixed leukocyte culture indicating sensitization of patient against donor (P less than 0.01); and a low number of marrow cells ( less than 3 X 10(8) cells per kilogram) used for transplantation (P less than 0.01). These findings suggest that more powerful immunosuppressive conditioning regimens should be used in patients who are sensitized, and that the greatest possible amount of donor marrow, perhaps supplemented by stem cells derived from the peripheral blood, should be obtained. | 136,605 | [
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Analysis of the dynamic responses of deefferented primary muscle spindle endings to ramp stretch. | A detailed analysis of the complex dynamic response of 8 deefferented primary muscle spindle endings to ramp stretches of the extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL) was made in anaesthetized cats. The analysis was based on Lennerstand's linear muscle spindle model, in which the dynamic peak, i.e. the peak frequency at the end of the dynamic phase of a ramp stretch, is assumed to consist of three components: a position response, a slow velocity response, and a quick velocity response. The components of the dynamic peaks analysed were fairly well correlated with the static behaviour of the primary muscle spindle endings, the latter, in turn, being regarded as an indicator of the spindles' location in the non-homogeneous extrafusal muscle. The results thus provide a satisfactory explanation of the high correlations between the static and gross dynamic behaviour of deefferented primary muscle spindle endings of the EDL previously reported from our laboratory. | 136,642 | [
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[Treatment of postoperative digestive fistulas by perfusion-aspiration]. | The experience of the First Surgical Clinic from Tirgu-Mureş is described, concerning the treatment of postoperative digestive fistulae in a group of 13 patients. The fact is stressed that the occurrence of such fistulae is more frequent following gastrectomies with gastrojejunostomy, gastrectomies for neo-plastic lesions, extensive gastrectomies--as compared with total gastrectomies. The method I of Trémolières is used with a perfusion system in which a cathether is inserted in the drain tube avoiding the dilaceration of the local adherences. An element of prognosis is provided by the follow-up of the secretions pH, acidification indicating a positive evolution. | 136,672 | [
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[Serum acetylcholinesterase changes after pancuronium administration]. | The acetylcholinesterase activity was followed, as a variant of true cholinesterase, in three groups on non-selected patients: 10 of these were under local anesthesia with lidocaine, 12 were under general anesthesia with thiopenthal and halotane and 43 were under the same type of general anesthesia, that had also been given Pancuronium as a muscle relaxant. A slight inhibition was noted of the enzyme activities in the course of local anesthesia and a more significant one in the course of general anesthesia. The enzyme concentrations were lower in those patients that had also received Pancuronium, suggesting a cummulative inhibitory effect on serum acetylcholinesterase. The changes were not significant from the statistical viewpoint. | 136,679 | [
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[The value of the thrombocytopenia test in the specific diagnosis of drug allergy, especially drug-exanthema]. | 125 thrombocytopenia tests (so-called thrombocytopenic index) from 94 patients with suspected drug allergies and negative skin tests were critically examined to determine the value of this in vivo method in the clarification of drug allergy. A consistent decrease of 20% or more in thrombocytes was rated as significant and therefore indicative of drug sensitization. 78.4% of the tests were in agreement with the expected result. Clinically relevant drug sensitivity was apparent in 30.4% of the tests, while the possibility of allergy could be eliminated in 48%. 16.8% of the results were inconclusive and 4.8% were false negatives. A flare-up occurred after 5.6% of the tests. A leukocyte count was considered unnecessary since it proved to be unrelated to a drop in thrombocytes and the existence of drug allergy. The thrombocyte test is a practical and valuable method for investigation of drug allergies, especially as the available in vitro tests are too complex to be used routinely in a diagnostic test program. However, the results must be considered critically in conjunction with an accurate case history, the clinical symptoms and the course of the disease. In the case of blisters and erythema exsudativum multiforme-like drug exanthema, renewed exposure to the suspected drug must be avoided due to the possible danger of a drug reaction. The latest research results have helped to clarify the underlying mechanism of the thrombocyte decrease. | 136,747 | [
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[Diagnostic laparocentesis in closed abdominal injury]. | To improve the diagnosis of closed abdominal trauma since 1966 the authors have been widely employing laparocentesis. The results of using abdominal punctures an 260 patients are reported. The method proved to be reliable in 97.7%. The use of laparocentesis enabled the authors to reduce the number of errors by 7.3 times, to shorten the terms of establishing the diagnosis by 4 times as compared with the control group of patients (190 subjects in whom the recognition of abdominal injuries is based on common clinical symptoms). | 136,785 | [
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[On the origin of meiotic errors with special reference to trisomy 21 (author's transl)]. | The origin of the supernumetary chromosome 21 in Down's syndrome was traced by the use of polymorphic regions of this chromosome. The present results interpretated in the light of the extensive literature may be summarized as follows; 1. The meiotic error involved in trisomy 21 can take place in both sexes and occurs at random. It occurs twice as frequently in the female than in the male. This situation is paralleled by the 2:1 ratio found in XXY-syndrome concerning the supernumerary X. 2. In both sexes non-disjunction occurred twice as frequently in the first than in the second meiotic division. 3. The rate of meiotic errors is largely dependent on age. The present study confirms the increase in meiotic errors with age of mother; moreover, increasing age of the father seems to enhance non-disjunction in spermatogenesis. Trisomy 21 on the basis of sporadic translocation in the child seems to be independent of the parental age. The present study includes two cases of translocation 21/21. In both cases the errors took place in mothers aged 18 and 19, respectively. 4. A new finding consists in the observation that previous pregnancies and deliveries may influence errors in oogenesis. In cases of maternal origin significantly more previous pregnancies and deliveries were found than in cases of trisomy of paternal origin. 5. A study of quinacrine polymorphism of chromosome numbers 1, 3, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21, 22 and Y showed no significant difference between parents of children with Down's syndrome and controls. Moreover, the parents in whom the non-disjunction exists in parents of trisomic children, it cannot be detected by such methods. Recent observations made in the course of prenatal diagnosis contradict such an individual predisposition. The present results, after confirmation and augmentation, especially by implementation of biochemical methods, should prove of importance in genetic counseling and as guidelines in the indications for prenatal diagnosis. | 136,814 | [
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[Function and reserve of the hypertrophic left ventricle in aortic valve disease]. | Left ventricular function was analyzed by angiography in 31 patients with aortic valve disease and in 12 patients without heart disease (control group). Ejection fraction, percentage shortening of minor equator, mean velocity of fiber shortening and men left atrial pressure were considered as parameters of left ventricular function. Contractile reserve was tested by a single postextrasystolic beat. Patients with pure aortic stenosis and an increase of left ventricular muscle mass to 220% of the normal value showed no impairment of left ventricular function. Patients with pure aortic regurgitation and a left ventricular muscle mass of 260% of normal showed no significantly impaired function. Both groups increased ejection fraction and percentage shortening of the minor equator after premature beat comparable to the control group. Patients with combined lesions of the aortic valve had a left ventricular muscle mass of 360% of normal. This group showed decreased ejection fraction, percentage shortening of minor equator and mean velocity of fiber shortening as compared to the control group while mean left atrial pressure was significantly elevated. After premature beat all parameters remained depressed as compared to control group. We conclude that the degree of hypertrophy determinates cardiac function in aortic valve disease. Moderate hypertrophy shows normal function at rest, while severe hypertrophy shows impaired function. | 136,830 | [
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Fatiguability and fibre composition of human skeletal muscle. | The fatiguability of the quadriceps muscle was investigated in 10 male subjects (25-40 yrs), with inter-individual differences in fibre composition of their vastus lateralis muscles (range 25-65% fast twitch, FT, muscle fibres). Fatiguability was assessed as the decline in maximal force (in % of initial values) with 50 repeated isokinetic knee-extensions at fast angular velocity (3.14 rad/s). Each contraction lasted 0.5 s and the rest periods were about 0.7 s. Every subject was tested on two occasions and the standard deviation for a single determination of fatiguability was 1.4%. The decline in force after 50 contractions was on the average about 45%. The individual values varied, however, and a linear correlation was present between fatiguability and % FT fibres (r = 0.86, p less than 0.01). It was concluded that development of fatigue in human skeletal muscle performing repeated fast dynamic contractions with maximal effort was most marked in muscles with a high proportion FT fibres. This finding was in conformity with earlier results from animal skeletal muscle preparations. | 136,865 | [
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Role of hypertension in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. | Clinical, experimental and pathologic studies strongly indicate that hypertension is a major factor in coronary heart disease, sudden death, stroke congestive heart failure and renal insufficiency. The deleterious effect of the elevated blood pressure on the cardiovascular system appears to be due mainly to the mechanical stress placed on the heart and blood vessels. Humoral factors and vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin, catecholamines and prostaglandins may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertensive cardiovascular disease but this role has not yet been defined and is probably secondary. Hypertension and the resulting increase in tangential tension on the myocardial and arterial walls, leads to the development of hypertensive heart disease and congestive heart failure as well as hypertensive vascular disease that affects not only the kidneys but also the heart and brain. Hypertensive vascular disease involves both large and small arteries as well as arterioles and is characterized by fibromuscular thickening of the intima and media with luminal narrowing of the small arteries and arterioles. The physical stress of hypertension on the arterial wall also results in the aggravation and acceleration of atherosclerosis, particularly of the coronary and cerebral vessels. Moreover, hypertension appears to increase the susceptibility of the small and large arteries to atherosclerosis. Thus the patient with hypertension is a candidate for both hypertensive and atherosclerotic vascular disease of the coronary and cerebral vessels leading to occlusive disease of both the large and small arteries and resulting in myocardial infarction and stroke. Other major complications of hypertensive vascular disease include rupture and thrombotic occlusion of blood vessels, especially in the brain. Disease of the arterial media, which begins in childhood with the deposition of calcium in the vessels, may be an important cause of arterial hypertension. This form of hypertension may manifest itself in adults as arteriosclerotic hypertension and lead to cardiovascular complications very similar to those of essential hypertension. The relation of arteriosclerotic hypertension to nutritional factors, including dietary salt intake, deserves study. | 136,891 | [
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[Development of drug resistance and the cross resistance in Shigella to certain chemotherapeutic preparations in vitro]. | A total of 700 Shigella cultures isolated in different regions of the Ukraine in 1974 and occasionally in 1971-1973 were studied. No cultures resistant to furazolidone or enteroseptol were found. Under the experimental conditions resistance to nitrofuran and especially oxycholine preparations in Shigella developed slowly when the cultures were passaged in broths with increasing concentrations of the drugs. Cross resistance in Shigella was observed with respect to (a) various nitrofuran preparations, less pronounced with respect to furacryline and (b) enteroseptol and 5-NOK. No cross resistance was noted between the above groups of the chemotherapeutics and levomycetin and tetracycline. 5-NOK inhibited the resistance development to streptomycin, while enteroseptol inhibited the development of resistance to furazolidone in Shigella. The studies showed that in the near future there will be observed no mass development of resistance to furazolidone and enteroseptol in Shigella. | 136,923 | [
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... |
Nevus of Ota with ipsilateral congenital cataract. | A mongoloid woman had a nevus of Ota, an ipsilateral congenital cataract, and upper extremity hemiatrophy. To our knowledge, no similar patient has been previously reported. We review the literature concerning the nevus of Ota and cataracts in mongoloid indivuduals. | 136,926 | [
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[Ocular localizations of disseminated candidiasis]. | The frequency of disseminated candida infections has considerably increased in the last five years. A presentation of 9 cases of disseminated candida infections localised to the choroid and retina: --review of the literature; --discussion on factors favouring the development of disseminated candida infections, poor general state, antibiotic treatment, impairment of immunological defenses, abdominal or cardio-vascular intervention; --discussion of local and general diagnostic and prognostic features. | 136,948 | [
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0.09948137... |
[Gradual disappearance of macular hyalin verrucosities]. | Spontaneous gradual absorption of macular colloid bodies can be seen in some patients on retinographies and angiographies routinely made at regular intervals during several years. In some cases the colloid bodies become confluent before resorbing. Confluence of drusen may lead to a large hyalin detachment of the pigment epithelium which should be differienciated from serous detachment. In some other cases small drusens spontaneously disappear without prior confluence. The absorption of samll drusen can lead to a ring shape transitory stage. Usually the natural course eventually leads to a geographic--or areolar--atrophy of the pigment epithelium on the posterior pole. | 136,949 | [
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Ouabain-receptor interactions in (Na+ + K+)-ATPase preparations. A contribution to the problem of nonlinear Scatchard plots. | Specific [3H]ouabain binding to rat and guinea pig skeletal muscle (musculus soleus) was studied using a rapid centrifugation and a filtration method. Both assays gave identical results: the incubation of the cell membranes in 50 mM imidazole/HCl buffer pH 7.25 or 7.4 MgCl2, Pi caused a time dependent loss of (Na+ +K+)-ATPase activity indicating an alteration of the membrane preparation. Ouabain binding properties were changed concomitantly. If ouabain binding was allowed to proceed until equilibrium was reached (3 min in rat and 10 min in guinea pig) at 37 degrees C the data plotted according to Scatchard followed a straight line. The dissociation constants of the ouabain-receptor-complexes of the rat cell membrane preparation as calculated from the slope of the plot (KD = 134 nM) and from the ratio of the dissociation and association rate constants (KD = 175 nM) agreed within experimental error with that determined by Clausen and Hansen [(1974) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 345, 387-404] in intact soleus muscles (KD = 210 nM). If ouabain binding was allowed to proceed for a longer period, however, nonlinear Scatchard plots resulted with an identical maximal number of binding sites but inconstant and decreased affinity for the cardiac glycoside. Experimental evidence is presented that nonlinear Scatchard plots often obtained in hormone (drug)-receptor binding experiments may (among other things) be the result of damaged cell membrane particles in vitro. | 136,990 | [
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Studies of soluble rat liver mitochondrial acid ATPases. I. Purification and catalytic properties of ATPase 1. | A method for isolation of a soluble ATPase from rat liver mitochondria after freeze thaw cycling is described. Two enzymatically active fractions were separated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography (ATPase 1 and ATPase 2). ATPase 1 has been purified 300 fold. ATPase 1 was homogenous as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The optimum pH of the enzyme was 5.8-6.0 and the optimum temperature was 45 degrees C. The enzyme follows Michaelis-Menten kinetics: Km (9 X 10(-4) M), Vmax (23,6 mumoles Pi released X min -1 X mg protein -1). The enzyme hydrolysed nucleoside triphosphates, but was inactive upon nucleoside di and monophosphates, glucose 6-phosphate, phosphoserine, pyrophosphate and glycerol 2-phosphate. In contrast to membrane bound ATPase, cations have no effect on the enzyme activity. Nucleoside di and mono phosphates and glycerol 2 phosphate inhibited competitively the enzyme. The enzyme was not affected by oligomycin, but was stimulated by lactate, 2-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol. | 136,998 | [
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Synthesis and mass spectrometry of crufomate metabolites and related compounds. | Phosphates and phosphoramidates related to 2-chloro-4-t-butylphenyl methyl methylphosphoramidate (crufomate) were synthesized to aid in the identification of crufomate metabolites. Deuterium labeling metastable determinations and precise mass measurements were used to establish fragmentation pathways. Evidence was obtained for the rearrangement of an N-formyl phosphoramidate (the expected result of oxidative metabolism of N-methyl phosphoramidates) to an iminomethyl phosphate. | 137,004 | [
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[Study at the level of the jejunal mucosa of the effects of various carbohydrate compounds on the activity of various enzymes localized in brush borders. Augmentation of phosphatase activity]. | On rat jejunum the effects of sorbitol or NaH2PO4 on the activity of various enzymes localized in brush borders was investigated: glycosidases, amino-peptidase, alkaline phosphatase. The activity of phosphatase varies under the influence of these compounds (and others carbohydrates) in the same sense and the same extact than they induce variations of Ca absorption. | 137,033 | [
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[The effect of somatic antigen from Bacillus subtilis on migration of mouse macrophages]. | The migration of mice peritoneal macrophages has been studied on agar plates. The migration of the macrophages from mice treated by the intra peritoneal route by a somatic antigen of Bacillus subtilis, was 37% less than the migration of the macrophage from control mice. The presence of the antigen in the gel did not modify the migration of macrophages in either treated or control mice. This confirms the non specific character of the activity of this antigen. | 137,040 | [
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0.0136242... |
[Variations of the glucose 6 phosphodehydrogenase activity at the level of the diencephalon and of the gonads of the dormouse (Glis glis L.) during the annual cycle]. | Activity levels of G6-PDH in the diencephalon and testes of Glis glis during the annual cycle show comparable variations. In the autumn, this activity is low and the gonads are inactive. At the anset of hibernation, this activity increases and becomes maximal during the period preceeding awakening. At mid-hibernation, the seminiferous tubules display in important enzymatic activity. Awakening is marked by a fall in enzymatic activity level that is a little more precosius of the diencephalon. The variations of enzymatic activity levels of G6-PDH in the diencephalon are similar in the female with an autumnal minimum and a maximal activity at the end of hibernation. | 137,053 | [
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Steroids in fluids and sperm entering and leaving the bovine epididymis, epididymal tissue, and accessory sex gland secretions. | Ten steroids which may have a role in the process of sperm maturation within the epididymis were quantified by competitive protein binding or radioimmunoassay. Rete testis fluid (RTF) carrying testicular sperm into the epididymis was rich in dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone (21 +/- 2 and 33 +/- 3 ng/ml) while cauda eipididymal plasma (CEP) around sperm which have completed maturation had high levels of progesterone, dihydrotestosterone, 3beta-androstanediol, dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone (7.4 +/- 0.8, 20.3 +/- 1.1, 6.5 +/- 0.4, 8.0 +/- 0.7 and 11.5 +/- 0.7 ng/ml). About 4 mug of steroids enter the epidymis daily in RTF, but less than 1% was found in CEP; the balance presumably was absorbed by the epithelium in the proximal caput epididymidis. Nevertheless, tissue levels of total 17beta-OH androgens were lower in the proximal caput than in the distal caput or corpus epididymidis. In all zones of the epididymis, dihydrotestosterone accounted fro about 70% of the total 17beta-OH androgens found in the nuclear fraction. In the cytoplasmic fraction, however, dihydrotestosterone predominated only in the distal caput and corpus epididymidis. In the cauda epididymidis, CEP and sperm probably accounted for less than 35% of the total 17beta-OH androgens and less than 25% of the dihydrotesterone. The progesterone concentration of the cauda than in the caput epidymidis. Twice washed testicular sperm contained more testosterone than cauda epididymal or ejaculated sperm (16.6 +/- 1.9, 1.6 +/- 0.2 and 1.5 +/- 0.3 ng/10(9) sperm, respectively), but less progesterone (0.5 +/- 0.1, 1.3 +/- 0.2 and 1.0 +/- 0.4 ng/10(9) sperm, respectively). As a consequence of mixture with estrogen-rich prostatic fluid (150 +/- 9 pg/ml), ejaculated sperm contained a relatively high amount of estrogens (112 +/- 15 pg/10(9) sperm). These studies revealed marked differences in steroid profiles of fluids entering and leaving the epididymis and of infertile testicular and fertile cauda epididymal sperm. | 137,112 | [
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[Incidence and manifestations of the heterozygosity of the gene causing diabetes]. | A model of intermediate inheritance of diabetes mellitus is given, according to which juvenile diabetes developes in persons homozygous for the mutant gene, and a part of heterozygous carrier of the mutant gene has late diabetes mellitus. A large group of diabetes cases (about 50%), which are not due to direct diabetes heredity, is taken into account. Calculations are carried out on the basis of Hardy-Weinberg law from the patient questionaire data. The frequency of juvenile diabetes (developing within first thirty years) is 0,028% in the Leningrad population, the frequency of heterozygous diabetes gene carrier being 3,28%. Penetrancy of the diabetes gene in heterozygous state, as estimated from registrable (clinically expressed) forms of the disease, is 8,4%. The risk of juvenile diabetes in children, if one of the parents has juvenile diabetes, is 1,65% (3,3%-1/2), the frequency of heterozygous carriers in the population being 3,3%. The analysis of questionaire data of diabetes patients produced results, which were close to expected and indirectly confirmed the accurancy of the model proposed. | 137,164 | [
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[Evaluation of experimental arterial occlusion, with special reference to its complications (micro-spheres, Histo-Acryl, Paladur, alternating and direct currents (author's transl)]. | Permanent arterial occlusion can be obtained experimentally by using plastic micro-spheres, polymerising materials (Histo-Acryl, Paladur) and direct current thrombosis. Certain limitations in their use arise from the properties of the substances. In our experience, plastic microspheres are not suitable for blocking entire organs or large vascular territories. They are more appropriate for occlusion of individual, small vessels by super-selective injections. Sole use of polymerising materials is not possible; they are best used in combination with other techniques (magnets, balloon catheters). Induction of thrombosis by small direct currents (50 volt, 10 mA). produces permanent and complete occlusion. The method can be used selectively or super-selectively. Unwanted thrombosis can be avoided by using catheters with the smallest possible external diameters. | 137,191 | [
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Concentration and adenosinetriphosphatase activity on left ventricular actomyosin in Goldblatt rats during the compensatory stage of hypertrophy. | Left ventricular myocardia of Goldblatt rats with an average increase in arterial blood pressure to about 200 mm Hg showed a progressive reduction of the Ca-activated specific acotmyosin ATPase activity 4 -12 weeks after the coarctation of one renal artery, as compared with controls of the same age. During the same period, a significant increase in the concentration of contractile proteins was noticeable, whereas the content of nonprotein substances and of water corresponded to the control values. The hydroxyproline concentration, as a measure of the collagen tissue content, increased only after 24 weeks. The time course of the specific ATPase activity was closely parallel to the decrease in the unloaded myocardial shortening velocity, as estimated at the same stage by our group. This is in accordance with the assumption of a fundamental relationship between the two values. The reduced rate of energy turnover and of the shortening velocity is regarded as an adaptive mechanism which, however, has a negative effect in advanced hypertrophy when further diminution takes place. The decrease in the specific enzymatic activity of actomysin is not necessarily linked to a large increase in myocardial mass, but is already apparent at moderate degrees of hypertrophy (34%). | 137,201 | [
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Comparison of the results of semi-thin sections with those of conventional paraffin histology and immunohistology in renal biopsy specimens. | One hundred renal biopsy specimens out of the routine material were investigated by the usual paraffin technique, by semi-thin sections and by the immunofluorescence technique. The findings were compared in regard of the diagnoses made by each technique. The results indicate that the paraffin technique is inadequate in a considerable proportion of the specimens, because very small glomerular lesions cannot be recognized. The semi-thin section technique enabled us to correct the light-microscopic diagnosis in 17 per cent, particularly in establishing membranous glomerulonephritis. In another 31 per cent the histologic diagnoses could be improved. The immunofluorescence technique provided evidence of active glomerulonephritis in 57 per cent (24 cases with immune complex nephritis and 3 cases with basement membrane antibody nephritis). We found a much closer correlation between results of the semi-thin section technique and immunohistology that between the paraffin technique and immunohistology. | 137,219 | [
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Mutations in prophage phi11 that impair the transducibility of their Staphylococcus aureus lysogens for methicillin resistance. | Methicillin resistance (mec) is not transduced into Staphylococcus aureus 8325-4, but is transduced into this host after it has been lysogenized with phage phi11 and has acquired the penicillinase plasmid pI524 by a separate transduction (Cohen and Sweeney, 1970, 1973). Strain 8325-4 is competent for transformation of typical plasmid or chromosomal markers and for mec only if it is lysogenic for phi11 or a related prophage (Sjöström et al., 1974, 1975). A mutant strain of phi11 that was temperature sensitive (Ts) for vegetative multiplication did not mediate competence for transformation of its 8325-4 lysogen if the lysogen had been grown at a nonpermissive temperature (Sjöström and Philipson, 1974). We isolated four Ts mutants of phi11 that did not mediate transducibility of their 8325-4(pI524) lysogens for mec after growth at nonpermissive temperatures (40 to 42 degrees C). Transduction of typical plasmid or chromosomal markers was not affected. These phi11-Ts mutants mediated normal competence of their lysogens for transformation of a tetracycline resistance plasmid. Similarly, phi11-Ts mutants that rendered their lysogens temperature sensitive for transformation did not depress the frequency of transduction of mec. These two types of phi11-Ts mutants fell into two different genetic complementation groups that differed in the physiology of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis and in the time of expression of the mutations during a single-burst growth cycle at a nonpermissive temperature. A virulent mutant of phi11, which plaqued with 100% efficiency on 8325(phi11), also failed to condition strain 8325-4 for transducibility of mec but retained the ability to confer competence for transformation of a tetracycline resistance plasmid. Different genetic loci and physiological functions are involved in phi11 mutations that affect transducibility of mec and those that affect competence for transformation of markers generally in S. aureus 8325-4. | 137,229 | [
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Assembly of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Biosynthesis of calsequestrin in rat skeletal muscle cell cultures. | Temporal patterns of biosynthesis of the sarcoplasmic reticulum protein, calsequestrin, were analyzed and compared with rates of ATPase synthesis in primary cultures of rat skeletal muscle cells. Rates of synthesis were measured by the incorporation of radioactive leucine into the isolated proteins. Cells at various stages of differentiation were incubated for 2 h with tritium-labeled leucine and extracted with detergent. The extracts were incubated with antibodies specific against calsequestrin or the ATPase and immunoprecipitates were separated by disc gel electrophoresis. Incorporation of radioactivity into bands identified as calsequestrin or the ATPase was analyzed by counting of gel slices. In Dulbecco's modified Eagles medium (DME medium) containing 0.1 volume of horse serum and 0.005 volume of chick embryo extract, the cells began to fuse after about 50 h in culture, forming multinucleated myotubes. Calsequestrin synthesis was barely detectable after 24 h in culture. After 44 h, before fusion of myoblasts began, the rate of calsequestrin synthesis increased severalfold. The rate of synthesis continued to increase until about 72 h and then diminished. If cells were transferred at 44 h to DME medium containing 0.2 volume of fetal calf serum and 0.08 volume of chick embryo extract, fusion was delayed by about 20 h. In this medium the rate of calsequestrin synthesis diminished after a peak at 44 h but, by contrast, the rate of synthesis of the ATPase increased dramatically following fusion at about 80 h. If cells were transferred at about 40 h to DME medium containing 0.1 volume of horse serum and only 60 muM Ca2+ the cells did not fuse and, again, the rate of calsequestrin synthesis was diminished after a peak at about 40 h. By contrast the rate of ATPase synthesis increased sharply in spite of the lack of fusion. Both proteins were degraded with a half-life of about 20 h. These studies show that the synthesis of calsequestrin, an extrinsic membrane protein, and the ATPase, an intrinsic protein of the same membrane, are synthesized under separate control. | 137,241 | [
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Effect of triiodothyronine on the synthesis and degradation of renal cortical (Na+ + k+)-adenosine triphosphatase. | The present studies concern the roles of synthesis and degradation of the large subunit of (Na+ + k+)-adenosine triphosphatase (NaK-ATPase) in the response to triiodothyronin (T3). Single doses of either the diluent of T3 (50 mug/100 g body weight) were given to two pairs of surgically thyroidectomized rats. Twenty hours after injection, the rats received 3H- or 35S-labeled methionine administered as a constant injusion into the tail vein for 1 h. The kidneys were removed either 8 h or 20 h after infusion and the eight kidneys were divided into pairs, as follows. I, 3H (diluent)/35S (T3); II, 35S (diluent)/3H (T3); III, 3H (diluent)/35S (diluent); IV, 3H (T3)/35S (T3). Partially purified NaK-ATPase was prepared from the pooled homogenates and prepared from the pooled homogenates and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAG-electrophoresis). The large subunit of NaK-ATPase was identified by (Na+ + mg2+)-dependent and K+-sensitive incorpotation of 32P from [gamma-32P]ATP. This component had an estimated molecular weight of 92,000 and migrated as a single peptide in gels of varying total carylamide concentration, with respect to: (1) Coomassie blue staining, (b) (Na+ + Mg2+)-dependent, K+-sensitive incorporation of 32P from [gamma-32-P]ATP, and (c) T3-dependent enhanced incorporation of labeled methionine. T3 augmented incorporation of labeled methionine into the large subunit by 44% 8 h after infusion of the amino acid and by 61% 20 h after infusion. Incorporation of methionine into two adjacent polypeptides in the SDS gels was unaffected by thyroid status. The effect otical NaK-ATPase was assessed by a double label technique. Pairs of thyroidectomized rats were injected with either the diluent or 50 mug of T3/100 g body weight at 48-h after the first injection (diluent or T3, i.e. Day "zero"). Kidney cortices were processed on either Day 4 or Day 6; the partially purified NaK-ATPase fraction was prepared, labeled with [gamma-32P]ATP, and analyzed by SDS-PAG-electrophoresis. The degredation rate constants of the large subunit were similar; 0.145 and 0.124 day-1 for the hypothyroid and T3-treated groups, respectively. Thus, the T2-dependent increase in incorporation of labeled methionine into the large subunit appears to result from enhanced synthesis and this increase is sufficient to account for the entire increase in both the number of the activity of the NaK-ATPase units. | 137,243 | [
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Congenital bipartite scaphoid--fact or fiction? | Whether there is such a condition as congenital bipartite scaphoid has long been debated. Five cases that fulfill the established criteria are presented, supplemented by a review of roentgenograms of 17,439 hands in which no case of bipartite scaphoid was detected. Serial sections of 196 fetal hands also failed to reveal any evidence of bipartite development of the scaphoid. We concluded that bipartite scaphoid is of traumatic origin and should be treated accordingly. | 137,245 | [
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Suprresion of in vitro lymphocyte stimulation in mice by uterine and placental extracts. | The effects of uterine extracts from virgin mice and uterine and placental extracts from mice at various stages of gestation on lymphocyte stimulation in vitro were compared. Placental and uterine extracts from mice in gestation, at 1% final concentration by volume, caused marked depression of lymphocyte reactivity to phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA) and to allogeneic cells in two-way mixed leukocyte cultures (MLC). An equivalent concentration of uterine extract from virgin mice caused slight depression of uterine extract from virgin mice caused slight depression of lymphocyte reactivity. Suppression was most of lymphocyte reactivity. Suppression was most marked with uterine extracts of mice at 15 days of gestation. At least two factors of different m.w. in uterine and placental extracts were responsible for suppression of lymphocyte reactivity. The higher m.w. fraction, present in small amounts in the uteri of virgin mice, was markedly increased in uteri of pregnant mice. This fraction contained immunoglobulin G (IgG). These factors may be involved in a protective role for the fetus from rejection by the mother as an allograft, thus assuring successful pregnancy. | 137,261 | [
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Bidirectional amplification of macrophage-lymphocyte interactions: enhanced lymphocyte activation factor production by activated adherent mouse peritoneal cells. | Adherent peritoneal cells (90 to 95% macrophages) from mice injected with Mycobacterium bovis, strain BCG, or certain noninfectious agents such as pyran copolymer or phytohemagglutinin showed increased chemotactic and tumoricidal capacity in vitro. These activated macrophages elaborated 2 to 5 times more lymphocyte-activating factor (LAF) in vitro than equal numbers of adherent cells from untreated mice. In contrast, adherent PC from mice treated with thioglycollate or mineral oil were not cytotoxic and did not produce more LAF than PC from untreated mice. Adherent PC from untreated nude mice, which have increased chemotactic and tumoricidal capacity in vitro, also exhibited enhanced LAF production compared to adherent PC from their normal littermates. Increased production of LAF was also evident with adherent PC and the macrophage-like tumor cell line P388D1 after incubation in vitro with bacterial endotoxins or with antigen-induced lymphokines. These data indicate that adherent PC can be activated either in vivo or in vitro to elaborate more LAF. Thus, activated macrophages are more effective than normal macrophages in amplification of the afferent limb of immune responses as well as in their effector functions. | 137,265 | [
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Detection, isolation, and functional characterization of two human T-cell subclasses bearing unique differentiation antigens. | A heterologous antihuman T-cell serum (anti-TH1), raised against purified peripheral T cells, and absorbed with an autologous Ig+ line, was shown to bind specifically to T- but not to B-lymphoid cells by both a complement-dependent cytotoxic assay and indirect immunofluorescence. Whereas 90% fetal thymocytes and thymocytes were killed by anti-TH1 and complement, a consistently restricted population (50-60%) of peripheral T cells from several normal donors were lysed, indicating that anti-TH1 is directed against one or more thymus-specific antigens which are lost or reduced on a subpopulation of human T cells in the periphery. Functional analysis of the unreactive (TH1-) and reactive (TH1+) T-cell subclasses demonstrated that TH1- cells mounted a good proliferative response to a battery of specific soluble antigens (mumps, PPD, tetanus toxoid) but neither responded in MLC, nor elaborated LMF in response to tetanus toxoid. In contrast TH1+ cells proliferated in MLC and elaborated LMF but did not respond by 3H-incorporation to soluble antigens. The relevance of these findings to human T-cell functions in vivo and to previously described functional subclasses of murine T cells is discussed. | 137,269 | [
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Fluid administration in the association of patent ductus arteriosus complicating respiratory distress syndrome. | Daily weights and mean daily fluid volumes administered to 62 infants with birth weights of less than 2,000 gm, who required respiratory support for respiratory distress syndrome, were reviewed. In 31 infants signs of patent ductus arteriosus developed. In a comparison group of 31 infants, the mean daily fluid volume was 144 ml/kg/24 hours, and the mean body weight was 102% of expected, differing significantly from the 189 nl/kg/24 hours, and 114% of expected weight in those infants who developed PDA. Those infants who developed PDA had not differed significantly from the comparison group in either mean daily fluid volumes or expected weights prior to a period two days before clinical evidence of PDA. Seven infants developed PDA in association with increased fluid administration on more than one occasion during nursery stay. Diuresis after excessive fluid administration was associated with improvement in, or resolution of, signs of PDA in many infants. The results suggest that excessive fluid administration to premature infants with RDS may be one factor associated with the developed of PDA complicating RDS (PDA/RDS). | 137,305 | [
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Cardenolide analogues. 1. A 17beta-unsaturated aldehyde. | A 17beta-unsaturated aldehyde analogue [3beta,14beta-dihydroxy-5beta-pregn-17beta-trans-20-en-22-al (7)] of the cardenolides was synthesized and studied. In earlier studies by Rappoport, unsaturated aldehydes were found to be highly active electrophiles, more active, for example, than unsaturated nitriles or methyl esters. The synthesis followed in part a scheme previously reported by Thomas for the syntheses of the 17beta-unsaturated nitrile 9 and the 17beta-unsaturated methyl and ethyl esters 8 and 10. Both 9 and 8 are more Na+,K+-ATPase inhibiting and slightly less inotropic than digitoxigenin (1b). However, the unsaturated aldehyde 7 was less Na+,K+-ATPase inhibiting (I50 - 9.9 +/- 0.7 X 10(-7) M) and less inotropic (100% increase in contractile force at 8.5 +/- 1.0 X 10(-6) M) than 1b (I50 - 4.6 +/- 1.6 X 10(-7) M; 100% increase at 3.0 +/- 1.0 X 10(-7) M). | 137,317 | [
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Association of D/D translocations with fetal wastage and aneuploidy. A report of four families. | Four families are described with a t(13q14q) segregating. Two of them were identified through index cases with Down's syndrome; their karotypes revealed the unusual 46,XY, -13, -14, +t(13q14q), +21. The other two families were identified through a chromosomal study of parents with repeated spontaneous abortions. Analysis of data on 3 of these 4 families and on 7 other from the published reports showed no evidence of increased fetal wastage among 13/14 carriers. However, the risk of producing offspring with various types of aneuploidy may be greater among carriers than among persons with a normal chromosome pattern. Qualitative and quantitative differences in D/D translocations may account for the observed variation in clinical findings. These differences add to the problem of determining genetic risks from an analysis of grouped data. | 137,318 | [
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Extraordinary bladder clots. | The patient with hematuria and clot retention who has an abnormality in urokinase-plasmin production or coagulopathy may have extraordinary clots. An understanding of the underlying disease and pathophysiology of clot formation will enable the urologist to better evaluate and treat this type of patient. Aberrations in urokinase-plasmin production or consumption occur in many disease states that may not be recognized generally. | 137,329 | [
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Needle laparoscopy in patients with suspected bowel adhesions. | Suspected bowel adhesions are generally considered to be a contraindication to laparoscopy. Among 32 patients who were refused laparoscopy for that reason, only 1 patient was found to have adhesions at laparotomy. To attempt preoperative diagnosis of intraabdominal adhesions, needle laparoscopy was performed in 21 patients using a 1.7-mm endoscope. In 20 of the patients it was possible to establish the presence or absence of adhesions and to determine the feasibility of laparoscopic sterilization. This preliminary evaluation suggests that needle laparoscopy may avert bowel perforation in some instances and may permit laparoscopic tubal sterilization to be performed in some women who would otherwise, because of multiple previous operations, be denied laparoscopy. | 137,370 | [
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0.1... |
[Traumatic separation of the epiphysis of the lower end of the femur]. | The authors have treated 28 cases of traumatic separation of epiphysis of the lower end of the femur. They have noted the particular severity of the initial trauma. The results were less satisfactory when the child was younger and when the plate was crashed. However, 4 cases of fractures in breech delivery had rather good results. The authors think that a good reduction is essential, either close reduction fixed by Kirchner's wires or open reduction when the former is impossible. | 137,461 | [
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[The reaction of articular cartilage to mechanical trauma. An experimental study]. | Experiments were conducted in 20 rabbits to study the effects of a single measured trauma applied to the femoral articular cartilage. The author found that, at the fifteenth day, there was fibrillation localised to the area of the trauma associated with necrosis of superficial chondrocytes and clusters of young chondrocytes. Fissures in the cartilage can be seen to be lined by chondrocytes in clusters. These findings are similar to those described by other authors after different types of injury (contusion, defect, instability, repeated trauma). | 137,473 | [
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0.4508198,
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[Fracture-dislocation of the tarso-metartarsal joint. Classification. Treatment. Apropos of 81 cases]. | The authors have treated eighty-one cases of fracture-dislocation of the tarso-metarsal joint and have studied 232 cases reported in the literature. They suggest a modification of previous classifications. In their conclusions, they consider that purely conservative treatment is inadequate. Reduction, when obtained by closed methods, should be maintained by Kirschner wires. Open reduction should be done when closed methods do not produce a perfec reduction. When several articular fractures are present, they advocate immediate reduction and arthrodesis. The results obtained after secondary arthrodesis were not as good as those obtained after primary arthrodesis. | 137,491 | [
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[Work physiological studies performed to optimate the lever propulsion and the seat position of a lever propelled wheelchair (author's transl)]. | Spiroergometric examination with defined work loads and permanent records of the common circulatory and metabolic values were carried out on a group of healthy adults and one wheelchair occupant, using a fixed wheelchair simulator with lever propulsion, which was connected to an ergometer. Comparative studies were performed in three different seat positions in relation to the lever, as well as six different lengths of the connecting rod. The best values were measured, under steadystate conditions, with increasing lengths of the connecting rod and posterior placement of the seat unit. The results are in agreement with the experience gained by other authors with respect to arm work, and show that the optimal efficiency of hand lever work is obtained in the anterior position. In this context it proved to be particularly advantageious from the ergonomic viewpoint, if, when bending forward, as necessitated by a long connecting rod, both the upper part of the body and the trunk musculature are employed. The practical consequences of the simulator tests on an adequate wheelchair design and wheelchair prescription are discussed. | 137,501 | [
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[Cerebrospinal fluid metabolism of biogenic amines in Huntington chorea]. | CSF metabolites of dopamine (HVA), norepinephrine (MHPG) and serotonine (5HIAA) in 9 patients affected by Huntington's Chorea before and after therapy with phenotiazine derivatives (Fluphenazine) have been studied. A close relationship seems to exist between therapeutical results and CSF HVA modifications: improvement of choreatic movements is associated with marked increase in CSF HVA values. Biochemical bases of Huntington's Chorea are discussed. | 137,520 | [
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gamma-dimerization, alpha-polymerization, and plasmin degradation of human fibrin. Effect of various inhibitors of factor XIII on the patterns in SDS-electrophoresis and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. | The effect of different factor XIII inhibitors (competetive inhibition, interference with active center SH-groups in different ways, Ca2+ depletion) on the sequence of the gamma-dimerization and alpha-polymerization of fibrin is examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAE) (reduced material). They all inhibit either gamma-dimerization and alpha-polymerization or alpha-polymerization alone irrespective of the factor XIII inhibitory mechanism. Non-crosslinked fibrin and fibrin clots of different degrees of crosslinking are digested with plasmin and the lysate tested in SDS-PAE (non-reduced material) and crossed agarose gel immunoelectrophoresis (CAIE). The digests contain Fragment D and Fragment D-D respectively and Fragment E. An additional Fragment E with less anodic mobility in CAIE, and not demonstrable in SDS-PAE, is seen in increasing amounts with increasing gamma-dimerization, alpha-polymerization does not further change the CAIE patterns. | 137,555 | [
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[Various regularities of measles epidemic process during a period of mass vaccination of children]. | A detailed epidemiological study of a number of features of measles epidemic process was carried out and the results of examination of 2282 sera from children for measles antibody were analysed. The immune portion in the republic has been brought to 97% (not including infants of the first 10 months of life). The average annual incidence rate of measles has been reduced over 10-fold. The index of the epidemiological effectiveness of the vaccine is 13.8. Sufficiently intensive immunity persists in 90-95% of the vaccinees for 10 years or more without booster. However vaccination against measles cannot eradicate epidemic outbreaks. The remaining portion of susceptible children is sufficient for maintenance of the epidemic process. Periodic rises of the incidence and seasonal variations are retained and increasing. There are no indications for a wide revaccination against measles. A method for detection of non-immune children acceptable for mass surveys is needed. Circulation of a "wild" virus may be conducive to selective formation of insusceptibility in some children remaining non-immune after vaccination. | 137,586 | [
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In vivo synthesis of acid mucopolysaccharides by Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. | The biosynthesis and intracellular distribution of acid mucopolysaccharides in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells was studied in vivo by means of the precursors 35S-sulfate, 3H-glucosamine and 14C-galactosamine. It was found that the acid mucopolysaccharide present in the ascitic fluid supernatant is hyaluronic acid. Hyaluronic acid appears to be of extracellular origin, and it is bound to proteins of the cell membrane. The ascites cells exhibit a very active production of sulfated mucopolysaccharides particularly at the mitochondria and cell membrane level. Chondroitin sulfate A is the major component but also the isomers B and C are present. The possible role of chondroitin sulfate A in the development of neoplastic characteristics of the cell is discussed. | 137,592 | [
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[In vitro studies on a new fissure sealant (Concise Resin)]. | The use of Concise resin--belonging to the Concise Enamel Bond System--is reported by the sealing of fissures of the premolars and molars under in vitro circumstances. On the basis of the gained results by polarisationmicroscopic and light microscopic examination of the marginal closure of the materials and his placement in the fissures, it looks suitable for using under in vivo circumstances too. | 137,623 | [
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0.02695756,... |
[Current state of surgical treatment of oral cancer]. | This paper gives an outline of basic surgical requirements that have to be fulfilled in the therapy of carcinomata in the oral cavity, the emphasis being on progress thay may be expected to be made in three particular areas: 1. Combination with cytostatic agents and individualization of additional radiotherapy. 2. Possible improvement in the immediate restoration of defective conditions due to tumors. 3. Individualization of tactical approaches to the inclusion in surgical therapy of local lymph tracks or channels. It is in this particular connection that the method of functional neck dissection should be critically reexamined in order to find new possible ways of surgical treatment of carcinomata in the cervicocephalic region. | 137,625 | [
0.104145,
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0.04584153,
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0.1333516,
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0.1532087,
0.52351,
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0... |
[Antigenic structure of saprophytic leptospirae and their classification]. | The authors present the results of study of the serological properties of 46 strains of saprophytic leptospirae of different origin. On the basis of the affinity of the antigenic structure detected in the cross microagglutination reaction (MAR) 38 strains under study were united into 8 serological groups; the rest 8 strains were serologically independent in this reaction. The fact that 9 strains of water leptospirae isolated in the Armenian SSR belonged to one serological group was proved in the cross MAR and the test of aglutinin adsorption. This serological group was new and was named L. armenica. Five individual serological types of saprophytic leptospirae were differentiated in its composition. Comparative study of the serological interrelations between the group of strains isolated in Armenia and the strains of some serological groups and serological types the closest serological connections were noted in the K-1030 (serological group Armenica) and Bovedo (serological group Andamana) strains. It is believed that the existing division of the saprophytic leptospirae into two serological groups (Semaranga and Andamana) required widening and supplement by new serological groups and serological types. | 137,641 | [
0.0376536,
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[Adult-type Gaucher's disease: an histochemical study of one case (author's transl)]. | Spleen of adult-type Gaucher's disease has been investigated by histochemical technics. As usually, an overload of cerebroside (revealed by the PAS reaction for glycolipids) with beta-glucosidase deficiency has been demonstrated. But many particularities must be emphasized in this case: increase of acid MPS, high activities of pentose pathway--and glycolysis enzymes in the overload cells. | 137,645 | [
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0.1755494,
0.3425924,
0.2067954,
-0.02993169... |
Measurement of endotoxin. I. Fundamental studies of radioimmunoassay of endotoxin. | A method for estimating endotoxin by radioimmunoassay was recently introduced. The present paper describes improvements in the speed and sensitivity on this endotoxin measurement. Antigen was purified from E. coli O111: B4 (B) lipopolysaccharide by centrifugation and dialysis. Purified anti-endotoxin antibody was prepared from immunized rabbit serum. A radioimmunoassay system was established with the antigen and antibody. Dextran-coated charcoal was used to separate the antibody-bound antigen from free antigen. Experimental studies were also performed on possible factors related to the antigen-antibody reaction. Accurate measurements on quantities as low as 100 pg/ml (10ng/ml in the plasma) were performed by the dextran-coated charcoal method, and the reaction time was reduced to 2 hr at 4 degrees C. This new method does not require strict sterilization or aseptic handling, and therefore is quite practical for quantitative measurements of endotoxin. | 137,652 | [
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0.004453836,
0.1475207,
0.5287477,
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0.... |
Peritoneoscopic diagnosis of liver surface--using a new code number system--. | A new peritoneoscopic classification of liver surface using a three digit code was developed. The first digit represents the lobular change from normal structure to nodules. The second digit represents the size of the nodule and the internodular distance. The third digit represents the pathological findings, such as inflammation, degeneration, necrosis or regeneration. Furthermore, peritoneoscopic findings of necrosis of lobular size around the portal vein and patchy markings of the liver were presented. These findings were the most prominent in the course of hepatitis progression to cirrhosis. | 137,661 | [
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0.09814133,
0.2163029,
0.001402193,
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0.06174662,
0.06089731,
-0.30869... |
Transient unifascicular, bifasicular and trifascicular block: electrophysiologic correlations in a patient with rate-dependent left bundle branch block and transient right bundle branch block. | Correlations of the His to ventricular (H-V) conduction time were made with the surface electrocardiogram during normal intraventricular conduction, unifascicular block (right bundle branch block), bifascicular block (left bundle branch block) and trifascicular block (right and left bundle branch block) in a patient with rate-dependent left bundle branch block who had transient right bundle branch block during recording of the His bundle electrogram. The results provide a functional confirmation of the theory that a prolonged H-V time is a manifestation of trifascicular disease. | 137,668 | [
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0.1771463,
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-0.2103469,
0.2197516,
0.2205035,
-0.04637511,
... |
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