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if we assume that a function f : r n β r { \ displaystyle f \ colon { \ textbf { r } } ^ { n } \ to { \ textbf { r } } } is differentiable ( or even analytic ) in each variable separately, it is not true that f { \ displaystyle f } will necessarily be continuous. a counterexample in two dimensions is given by f ( x, y ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in order candidate for p after the current one c. valid ( p, c ) : check whether candidate c is a solution for p. output ( p, c ) : use the solution c of p as appropriate to the application. the next procedure must also tell when there are no more candidates for the instance p, after the current one c. a convenient way... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
as a result, the variance for the estimator in gan is usually much larger than that in wasserstein gan. see also figure 3 of. the problem with d j s { \ displaystyle d _ { js } } is much more severe in actual machine learning situations. consider training a gan to generate imagenet, a collection of photos of size 256 -... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in real mode or v86 mode, the size of a segment can range from 1 byte up to 65, 536 bytes ( using 16 - bit offsets ). the 16 - bit segment selector in the segment register is interpreted as the most significant 16 bits of a linear 20 - bit address, called a segment address, of which the remaining four least significant... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in spite of its known drawbacks, one of the most widely used methods for community detection is modularity maximization. modularity is a benefit function that measures the quality of a particular division of a network into communities. the modularity maximization method detects communities by searching over possible di... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
if n β 1 and m β 1 are coprime, on the other hand, the only two fixed points are the upper - left and lower - right corners of the matrix. the number of cycles of any length k > 1 is given by ( cate & twigg, 1977 ) : 1 k d | k ΞΌ ( k / d ) gcd ( n d β 1, m n β 1 ), { \ displaystyle { \ frac { 1 } { k } } \ sum _ { d | k... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in network routing, vcg mechanisms are a family of payment schemes based on the added value concept. the basic idea of a vcg mechanism in network routing is to pay the owner of each link or node ( depending on the network model ) that is part of the solution, its declared cost plus its added value. in many routing prob... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in software development, linus's law is the assertion that " given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow ". the law was formulated by eric s. raymond in his essay and book the cathedral and the bazaar ( 1999 ), and was named in honor of linus torvalds. a more formal statement is : " given a large enough beta - tester a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the cantor set is an example of an uncountable set of lebesgue measure 0 which is not of strong measure zero. borel's conjecture states that every strong measure zero set is countable. it is now known that this statement is independent of zfc ( the zermelo β fraenkel axioms of set theory, which is the standard axiom sy... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in modern computer systems, files are typically accessed using names ( filenames ). in some operating systems, the name is associated with the file itself. in others, the file is anonymous, and is pointed to by links that have names. in the latter case, a user can identify the name of the link with the file itself, but... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the bijective base - 26 system one may use the latin alphabet letters " a " to " z " to represent the 26 digit values one to twenty - six. ( a = 1, b = 2, c = 3,..., z = 26 ) with this choice of notation, the number sequence ( starting from 1 ) begins a, b, c,..., x, y, z, aa, ab, ac,..., ax, ay, az, ba, bb, bc,... ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in qualitative research, there are many ways of analyzing data gathered in the field. one of the two most common methods of data analysis are thematic analysis and narrative analysis. as mentioned before, the type of analysis a researcher decides to use depends on the research question asked, the researcher's field, an... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
they include standard jtag ( ieee 1149. 1 ), cjtag ( ieee 1149. 7 ) and 4 - bit parallel trace interfaces ( mainly used for system traces ), supplemented by the arm - specific serial wire debug ( swd ) standard. mipi10 / 20 / 34 debug connectors became the standard for arm - based embedded designs. many embedded design... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the japanese kantenji braille, the standard 8 - dot braille patterns 2578, 12578, 24578, and 124578 are the patterns related to braille pattern dots - 1346, since the two additional dots of kantenji patterns 01346, 13467, and 013467 are placed above the base 6 - dot cell, instead of below, as in standard 8 - dot bra... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
various broadcast relay stations can help to extend a station's area by retransmitting them on the same or another channel. what is usually called a repeater in amateur radio is called a broadcast translator ( different channel ) or booster ( same channel ) in american broadcasting, or the much broader category or rebr... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in probability theory, an interacting particle system ( ips ) is a stochastic process ( x ( t ) ) t β r + { \ displaystyle ( x ( t ) ) _ { t \ in \ mathbb { r } ^ { + } } } on some configuration space Ο = s g { \ displaystyle \ omega = s ^ { g } } given by a site space, a countably - infinite - order graph g { \ displa... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in physics, attempts have been made to explain stretched exponential behaviour as a linear superposition of simple exponential decays. this requires a nontrivial distribution of relaxation times, Ο ( u ), which is implicitly defined by alternatively, a distribution is used. Ο can be computed from the series expansion :... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the graph density of simple graphs is defined to be the ratio of the number of edges | e | with respect to the maximum possible edges. for undirected simple graphs, the graph density is : d = | e | ( | v | 2 ) = 2 | e | | v | ( | v | β 1 ) { \ displaystyle d = { \ frac { | e | } { \ binom { | v | } { 2 } } } = { \ frac... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in number theory, the selberg sieve is a technique for estimating the size of " sifted sets " of positive integers which satisfy a set of conditions which are expressed by congruences. it was developed by atle selberg in the 1940s. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
non - interpolated string literals are sometimes referred to as " raw strings ", but this is distinct from " raw string " in the sense of escaping. for example, in python, a string prefixed with r or r has no escaping or interpolation, a normal string ( no prefix ) has escaping but no interpolation, and a string prefix... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the united states, a disclaimer must be conspicuous in the contract, such as in a different kind of print or font that makes it stand out. on the other hand, express warranty, or any affirmation of fact or promise to the buyer or description of the good, oral or written, can be negated or limited only if such discla... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
meiser ( 1993 ) designed a fast algorithm to determine the face of an arrangement of hyperplanes containing an input point. another question about an arrangement in real space is to decide how many regions are simplices ( the n - dimensional generalization of triangles and tetrahedra ). | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the first problem to address is to determine whether a given prime is elkies or atkin. in order to do so, we make use of modular polynomials, which come from the study of modular forms and an interpretation of elliptic curves over the complex numbers as lattices. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
] _ { f } } which are composed by parallel computations. the ordinary denotation of Ξ± { \ displaystyle \ alpha } is simply whatever denotation it would have in a non - alternative - based system. the focus denotation of a constituent is typically the set of all ordinary denotations one could get by substituting a focus... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
this means that when something changes, previously unexchanged information needs to be exchanged, or two programs need to interoperate in a new way, the humans must get involved. off - line, the parties must define and communicate between them the knowledge needed to make the change, and then recode the data structures... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in some programming languages an operator may be ad hoc polymorphic, that is, have definitions for more than one kind of data, ( such as in java where the + operator is used both for the addition of numbers and for the concatenation of strings ). such an operator is said to be overloaded. in languages that support oper... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
for every two objects a and b a set mor ( a, b ) of things called morphisms from a to b. if f is in mor ( a, b ), we write f : a β b. for every three objects a, b and c a binary operation mor ( a, b ) Γ mor ( b, c ) β mor ( a, c ) called composition of morphisms. the composition of f : a β b and g : b β c is written as... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the case of a simple attack, a firewall could have a simple rule added to deny all incoming traffic from the attackers, based on protocols, ports, or the originating ip addresses. more complex attacks will however be hard to block with simple rules : for example, if there is an ongoing attack on port 80 ( web servic... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in order to support user interaction with application directories, several files have special status. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
where a member becomes aware that irregularities have occurred in relation to a client's tax affairs he should advise the client of the consequences, and the manner of disclosure. if necessary, appropriate specialist advice should be taken. where a client refuses to follow the advice of a member in relation to issues i... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, the spiral optimization ( spo ) algorithm is a metaheuristic inspired by spiral phenomena in nature. the first spo algorithm was proposed for two - dimensional unconstrained optimization based on two - dimensional spiral models. this was extended to n - dimensional problems by generalizing the two - dim... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the environment of convergent network, specific services with certain network technologies will receive different regulatory treatments. the 1996 act created distinct regulatory categories for services that are provided by different network technologies. besides the existing regulation framework for regulating telec... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
however, over time, the weak verbs have become the normal form of verbs in all germanic languages, with most strong verbs being reassigned to the weak class. for example, in old english the verb to lock ( lucan ) was strong ( present tense ic luce'i lock ', past tense ic leac'i locked'), but has now become weak. this t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
this can happen if datasets are regional and / or demographically partitioned. for example, datasets containing images of animals vary significantly from country to country. concept drift ( same label, different features ) : local nodes may share the same labels but some of them correspond to different features at diff... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in number theory, the green β tao theorem, proved by ben green and terence tao in 2004, states that the sequence of prime numbers contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions. in other words, for every natural number k, there exist arithmetic progressions of primes with k terms. the proof is an extension of szemer... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the development of social networks, there has appeared a new economic phenomenon : doing business via social networks. for example, there are many users of wechat called wei - businessmen ( wechat businessman, a new form of e - commerce in wechat ) who sell products on wechat. doing business via social networks is n... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in statistics and machine learning, the bias β variance tradeoff is the property of a model that the variance of the parameter estimated across samples can be reduced by increasing the bias in the estimated parameters. the bias β variance dilemma or bias β variance problem is the conflict in trying to simultaneously mi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in statistics and probability theory, the nonparametric skew is a statistic occasionally used with random variables that take real values. it is a measure of the skewness of a random variable's distribution β that is, the distribution's tendency to " lean " to one side or the other of the mean. its calculation does not... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, a markov information source, or simply, a markov source, is an information source whose underlying dynamics are given by a stationary finite markov chain. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
lda can be generalized to multiple discriminant analysis, where c becomes a categorical variable with n possible states, instead of only two. analogously, if the class - conditional densities p ( x β c = i ) { \ displaystyle p ( { \ vec { x } } \ mid c = i ) } are normal with shared covariances, the sufficient statisti... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the following scenario a web browser is developed using defense in depth - the browser developers receive security training the codebase is checked automatically using security analysis tools the browser is regularly audited by an internal security team... is occasionally audited by an external security team... is e... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
" abundancy " may also be expressed as Ο β 1 ( n ) { \ displaystyle \ sigma _ { - 1 } ( n ) } where Ο k { \ displaystyle \ sigma _ { k } } denotes a divisor function with Ο k ( n ) { \ displaystyle \ sigma _ { k } ( n ) } equal to the sum of the k - th powers of the divisors of n. the numbers 1 through 5 are all solita... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics and logic, ambiguity can be considered to be an instance of the logical concept of underdetermination β for example, x = y { \ displaystyle x = y } leaves open what the value of x is β while its opposite is a self - contradiction, also called inconsistency, paradoxicalness, or oxymoron, or in mathematics... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in pharmacokinetics, a compartment is a defined volume of body fluids, typically of the human body, but also those of other animals with multiple organ systems. the meaning in this area of study is different from the concept of anatomic compartments, which are bounded by fasciae, the sheath of fibrous tissue that enclo... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in some languages, any gender markers have been so eroded over time ( possibly through deflexion ) that they are no longer recognizable. many german nouns, for example, do not indicate their gender through either meaning or form. in such cases a noun's gender must simply be memorized, and gender can be regarded as an i... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
other constituents ( such as oblique, genitive, and object of comparative ) are called nonterms ( n ). the predicate is marked ( p ). according to geoffrey k. pullum ( 1977 ), the gr hierarchy directly corresponds to the accessibility hierarchy : a schematic representation of a clause in this formalism might look like ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the first series of experiments, experts in the use of the various techniques were tasked with both the creation of the index and its use against the sample queries. each system had its own concept about how a query should be structured, which would today be known as a query language. much of the criticism of the fi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in politics, emergent democracy represents the rise of political structures and behaviors without central planning and by the action of many individual participants, especially when mediated by the internet. it has been likened to the democratic system of ancient greece in the sense that people could publicly participa... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
let the set of neighbors of node u { \ displaystyle u } be denoted nbr ( u ) { \ displaystyle \ operatorname { nbr } ( u ) }. the average degree is then ΞΌ = 1 n u β v | nbr ( u ) | = 2 m n β₯ 1 { \ displaystyle \ mu = { \ frac { 1 } { n } } \ sum _ { u \ in v } | \ operatorname { nbr } ( u ) | = { \ frac { 2m } { n } } ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in most european countries the official accident statistics contain no information on rolling cars, only great britain can deliver official statistical data. regarding other sources, only a few accident databases on rollover accidents exist. although only less than 10 % of all vehicle accidents with severe injuries inv... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, in the realm of group theory, a group is said to be capable if it occurs as the inner automorphism group of some group. these groups were first studied by reinhold baer, who showed that a finite abelian group is capable if and only if it is a product of cyclic groups of orders n1,..., nk where ni divide... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in 2017, 2. 3 million out of kickstarter's 7. 9 million users had donated toward more than one project. traditionally, journalists are not involved in advertising and marketing. crowdfunding means that journalists are attracting funders while trying to remain independent, which may pose a conflict. therefore, being dir... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in signal processing, independent component analysis ( ica ) is a computational method for separating a multivariate signal into additive subcomponents. this is done by assuming that at most one subcomponent is gaussian and that the subcomponents are statistically independent from each other. ica is a special case of b... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in proof theory, particularly the proof theory of constructive mathematics based on the curry β howard correspondence, one often identifies a mathematical proposition with its set of proofs ( if any ). a given proposition may have many proofs, of course ; according to the principle of proof irrelevance, normally only t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in regards to the typology of neolithic adzes, initially two types were distinguished, when width exceeds thickness they were named flat adzes ( flachhacke ), when thickness exceeds width shoe - last adzes ( schuhleistenkeile ), or high adzes. within the latter group a distinction is sometimes made between intermediate... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
these schemata are needed to link the pure category to sensed phenomenal appearances because the categories are, as kant says, heterogeneous with sense intuition. categories and sensed phenomena, however, do share one characteristic : time. succession is the form of sense impressions and also of the category of causali... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
that is, at 16 byte intervals. since all segments are 64 kb long, this explains how overlap can occur between segments and why any location in the linear memory address space can be accessed with many segment : offset pairs. the actual location of the beginning of a segment in the linear address space can be calculated... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
this is computable in polynomial time as the determinant of a maximal principal submatrix of the laplacian matrix of g, an early result in algebraic graph theory known as kirchhoff β s matrix β tree theorem. likewise, the dimension of the bicycle space at t g ( β 1, β 1 ) { \ displaystyle t _ { g } ( - 1, - 1 ) } can b... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
full named - entity recognition is often broken down, conceptually and possibly also in implementations, as two distinct problems : detection of names, and classification of the names by the type of entity they refer to ( e. g. person, organization, or location ). the first phase is typically simplified to a segmentati... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the 1920s, louis mordell posed a conjecture that implied that fermat's equation has at most a finite number of nontrivial primitive integer solutions, if the exponent n is greater than two. this conjecture was proved in 1983 by gerd faltings, and is now known as faltings's theorem. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the event of a worst - case emergency, called a " design basis accident " in nrc regulations, the containment is designed to seal off and contain a meltdown. redundant systems are installed to prevent a meltdown, but as a matter of policy, one is assumed to occur and thus the requirement for a containment building. ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in probability theory, the zero - truncated poisson ( ztp ) distribution is a certain discrete probability distribution whose support is the set of positive integers. this distribution is also known as the conditional poisson distribution or the positive poisson distribution. it is the conditional probability distribut... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
{ \ displaystyle \ chi'= \ sum _ { i = 1 } ^ { n } k _ { i } s _ { i } ^ { 2 }. } where k i { \ displaystyle k _ { i } } is a real positive number, typically k i = 1 Ξ½ i + 1 { \ displaystyle k _ { i } = { \ frac { 1 } { \ nu _ { i } + 1 } } }. in general, the probability distribution of Ο'cannot be expressed analytical... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in order to overcome the volume size limit of fat16, while at the same time allowing dos real - mode code to handle the format, microsoft designed a new version of the file system, fat32, which supported an increased number of possible clusters, but could reuse most of the existing code, so that the conventional memory... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
for example, a common attack on asymmetric rsa relies on the fact that the encryption steps rely on the value of the key bits. every bit is processed with a square operation and then a multiplication operation if and only if the bit is equal to 1. an attacker with a clear trace can deduce the key simply by observing wh... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in practice we have much fewer processors than the matrix elements. we can replace the matrix elements with submatrices, so that every processor processes more values. the scalar multiplication and addition become sequential matrix multiplication and addition. the width and height of the submatrices will be n = n / p {... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in prehistoric time, quarter square multiplication involved floor function ; that some sources attribute to babylonian mathematics ( 2000 β 1600 bc ). antoine voisin published a table of quarter squares from 1 to 1000 in 1817 as an aid in multiplication. a larger table of quarter squares from 1 to 100000 was published ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
it would be superseded by peripheral component interconnect ( pci ), starting at speeds of 133 mb / s ( 32 - bit at 33 mhz in the standard configuration ) thus for a short time, a market opening occurred where video card manufacturers and motherboard chipset makers created their own proprietary implementations of local... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in terms of a graph - based computational procedure, smiles is a string obtained by printing the symbol nodes encountered in a depth - first tree traversal of a chemical graph. the chemical graph is first trimmed to remove hydrogen atoms and cycles are broken to turn it into a spanning tree. where cycles have been brok... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the execute stage, the instruction operations are carried out. instructions are delayed in this step until all of their operands are available, eliminating raw hazards. program correctness is maintained through effective address calculation to prevent hazards through memory. if one or more of the operands is not yet... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the pinn framework, initial and boundary conditions are not analytically satisfied, thus they need to be included in the loss function of the network to be simultaneously learned with the differential equation ( de ) unknown functions. having competing objectives during the network's training can lead to unbalanced ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
a more efficient version of the algorithm shortcuts these steps, instead replacing the larger of the two numbers by its remainder when divided by the smaller of the two ( with this version, the algorithm stops when reaching a zero remainder ). with this improvement, the algorithm never requires more steps than five tim... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the context modeling complexity the next - symbol predictions, of one or more statistical models, are combined or competing to yield a prediction that is based on events recorded in the past. the algorithmic information content derived from each symbol prediction can be used to compute algorithmic information profil... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
these coverings are called " caps ". depending on the method used for the shadow volume, the front end may be covered by the object itself, and the rear end may sometimes be omitted ( see depth pass below ). | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics and computer science, graph edit distance ( ged ) is a measure of similarity ( or dissimilarity ) between two graphs. the concept of graph edit distance was first formalized mathematically by alberto sanfeliu and king - sun fu in 1983. a major application of graph edit distance is in inexact graph matchi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, two quantities are in the golden ratio if their ratio is the same as the ratio of their sum to the larger of the two quantities. expressed algebraically, for quantities a { \ displaystyle a } and b { \ displaystyle b } with a > b > 0 { \ displaystyle a > b > 0 }, where the greek letter phi ( Ο { \ displ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in computability theory, a general recursive function is a partial function from the integers to the integers ; no algorithm can exist for deciding whether an arbitrary such function is in fact total. when arrow notation is used for functions, a partial function f { \ displaystyle f } from x { \ displaystyle x } to y {... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the ascii version of the format, the vertices and faces are each described one to a line with the numbers separated by white space. in the binary version, the data is simply packed closely together at the endianness specified in the header and with the data types given in the property records. for the common propert... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in phylogenetics, the metric is often used to compute a distance between two trees. the treedist program in the phylip suite offers this function, as does the raxml _ standard package, the dendropy python library ( under the name " symmetric difference metric " ), and r packages treedist ( ` robinsonfoulds ( ) ` functi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the 1980s and 1990s, a variety of svr4 versions of unix were available commercially for the x86 pc platform. however, the market for commercial unix on pcs declined after linux and bsd became widely available. in late 1994, eric s. raymond discontinued his pc - clone unix software buyer's guide on usenet, stating, "... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
babai and szemeredi prove that every element of a finite group g has an slp of length o ( log2 | g | ) in every generating set. an efficient solution to the constructive membership problem is crucial to many group - theoretic algorithms. it can be stated in terms of slps as follows. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
similarly for the generator in wasserstein gan. for wasserstein gan, d w g a n { \ displaystyle d _ { wgan } } has gradient 1 almost everywhere, while for gan, ln ( 1 β d ) { \ displaystyle \ ln ( 1 - d ) } has flat gradient in the middle, and steep gradient elsewhere. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in numerical analysis, one or more guard digits can be used to reduce the amount of roundoff error. for example, suppose that the final result of a long, multi - step calculation can be safely rounded off to n decimal places. that is to say, the roundoff error introduced by this final roundoff makes a negligible contri... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematical logic, tarski's high school algebra problem was a question posed by alfred tarski. it asks whether there are identities involving addition, multiplication, and exponentiation over the positive integers that cannot be proved using eleven axioms about these operations that are taught in high - school - le... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in response to some of these variants, and to other feedback, the paper " primes is in p " was updated with a new formulation of the aks algorithm and of its proof of correctness. ( this version was eventually published in annals of mathematics. ) while the basic idea remained the same, r was chosen in a new manner, an... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in modern positional numbers systems, such as the decimal system, the digits and their positions in the representation of an integer, for example, 45, are a shorthand notation for a polynomial in the radix or base, in this case, 4 Γ 101 + 5 Γ 100. as another example, in radix 5, a string of digits such as 132 denotes t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
for example, his f20 cores had 31 5 - bit instructions, which fit four to a 20 - bit word. risc chips now dominate the market for 32 - bit embedded systems. smaller risc chips are even growing common in the cost - sensitive 8 - bit embedded - system market. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in summary, backtracking line search ( and its modifications ) is a method which is easy to implement, is applicable for very general functions, has very good theoretical guarantee ( for both convergence to critical points and avoidance of saddle points ) and works well in practice. several other methods which have goo... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the 1960s and 1970s, gallagher proved several results in large sieve methods in analytic number theory and simplified key ingredients used in the proof of the bombieri β vinogradov theorem. he also applied the large sieve to study the asymptotics of galois groups of monic integral polynomials of bounded height, impr... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
recently, the graph partition problem has gained importance due to its application for clustering and detection of cliques in social, pathological and biological networks. for a survey on recent trends in computational methods and applications see buluc et al. ( 2013 ). two common examples of graph partitioning are min... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
with the advent of high - speed computers, the minimization problem can be solved iteratively with adequate speed, and the communalities are calculated in the process, rather than being needed beforehand. the minres algorithm is particularly suited to this problem, but is hardly the only iterative means of finding a so... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, computer science and logic, convergence is the idea that different sequences of transformations come to a conclusion in a finite amount of time ( the transformations are terminating ), and that the conclusion reached is independent of the path taken to get to it ( they are confluent ). more formally, a ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
{ \ displaystyle \ left ( \ mathbf { p } ^ { t } \ mathbf { a } \ mathbf { p } \ right ) \ left ( \ mathbf { p } ^ { t } \ mathbf { x } \ right ) = \ mathbf { p } ^ { t } \ mathbf { b }. } the problem of finding the best ordering is an np - complete problem and is thus intractable, so heuristic methods are used instead... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in spectral graph theory, an eigenvalue of a graph is defined as an eigenvalue of the graph's adjacency matrix a { \ displaystyle a }, or ( increasingly ) of the graph's laplacian matrix due to its discrete laplace operator, which is either d β a { \ displaystyle d - a } ( sometimes called the combinatorial laplacian )... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the digital realm, there can be any number of conventional primary colors making up an image ; a channel in this case is extended to be the grayscale image based on any such conventional primary color. by extension, a channel is any grayscale image of the same dimension as and associated with the original image. cha... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the case where the classical communication is replaced by quantum communication was considered in. this is known as the fully quantum slepian - wolf theorem, since everything is sent down the quantum channel. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
some important languages used in ogc - compliant systems are described in the following. xml stands for extensible markup language and is widely used for displaying and interpreting data from computers. thus the development of a web - based gi system requires several useful xml encodings that can effectively describe t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in statistics and mathematics, linear least squares is an approach to fitting a mathematical or statistical model to data in cases where the idealized value provided by the model for any data point is expressed linearly in terms of the unknown parameters of the model. the resulting fitted model can be used to summarize... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in preparation to the attack, weaknesses in the key schedule of ktantan that allows the 3 - subset mitm attack was identified. since only two key - bits are used each round, the diffusion of the key per round is small - the safety lies in the number of rounds. due to this structure of the key - schedule, it was possibl... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, the mediant of two fractions, generally made up of four positive integers a c { \ displaystyle { \ frac { a } { c } } \ quad } and b d { \ displaystyle \ quad { \ frac { b } { d } } \ quad } is defined as a + b c + d. { \ displaystyle \ quad { \ frac { a + b } { c + d } }. } that is to say, the numerato... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
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