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one disk is allowed to spin freely, and the other is driven by a motor. mode locking occurs when the freely - spinning disk turns at a frequency that is a rational multiple of that of the driven rotator. the simplest mathematical model that exhibits mode - locking is the circle map, which attempts to capture the motion... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
historically, there have been several formalizations of rewriting in an abstract setting, each with its idiosyncrasies. this is due in part to the fact that some notions are equivalent, see below in this article. the formalization that is most commonly encountered in monographs and textbooks, and which is generally fol... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the nimber addition and multiplication operations are associative and commutative. each nimber is its own negative. in particular for some pairs of ordinals, their nimber sum is smaller than either addend. the minimum excludant operation is applied to sets of nimbers. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in probability theory, the law of total covariance, covariance decomposition formula, or conditional covariance formula states that if x, y, and z are random variables on the same probability space, and the covariance of x and y is finite, then cov ( x, y ) = e ( cov ( x, y z ) ) + cov ( e ( x z ), e ( y z ) ). { \ dis... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in some applications ( e. g., building data models from only partially observed data ) one wants to find the " nearest " correlation matrix to an " approximate " correlation matrix ( e. g., a matrix which typically lacks semi - definite positiveness due to the way it has been computed ). in 2002, higham formalized the ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in statistics, the analogous process is usually dividing a difference ( a distance ) by a scale factor ( a measure of statistical dispersion ), which yields a dimensionless number, which is called normalization. most often, this is dividing errors or residuals by the standard deviation or sample standard deviation, res... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
however, it remains unproven as of 2022. the number of primes between prime squares is 2, 5, 6, 15, 9, 22, 11, 27,... oeis : a050216. legendre's conjecture that there is a prime between consecutive integer squares directly implies that there are at least two primes between prime squares for pn β₯ 3 since pn + 1 β pn β₯ 2... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematical optimization, the ellipsoid method is an iterative method for minimizing convex functions. when specialized to solving feasible linear optimization problems with rational data, the ellipsoid method is an algorithm which finds an optimal solution in a number of steps that is polynomial in the input size.... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the sequence of output subcommands required to accomplish the input command is generated by situations ( i. e., branching conditions ) that cause the fsa to transition from one output subcommand to the next. in step 4, each of the situations that are defined in step 3 are analyzed to reveal their dependencies on world ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the balanced number partitioning problem, there are constraints on the number of items that can be allocated to each subset ( these are called cardinality constraints ). another variant is the multidimensional number partitioning. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the term is also used for other devices which can both transmit and receive through a communications channel, such as optical transceivers which transmit and receive light in optical fiber systems, and bus transceivers which transmit and receive digital data in computer data buses. radio transceivers are widely used in... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in some texts, a trivial proof refers to a statement involving a material implication pβq, where the consequent q, is always true. here, the proof follows immediately by virtue of the definition of material implication in which as the implication is true regardless of the truth value of the antecedent p if the conseque... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in public transportation, schedule adherence or on - time performance refers to the level of success of the service ( such as a bus or train ) remaining on the published schedule. on time performance, sometimes referred to as on time running, is normally expressed as a percentage, with a higher percentage meaning more ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
for this reason, security and access control became a major focus of the multics project in 1965. another ongoing issue was properly handling computing resources : users spent most of their time staring at the terminal and thinking about what to input instead of actually using the resources of the computer, and a time ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in networking jargon, a computer, phone, or internet of things device connected to a computer network is sometimes referred to as an end system or end station, because it sits at the edge of the network. the end user directly interacts with an end system that provides information or services. end systems that are conne... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in print, summation and product are represented by special symbols ; but other iterated operators often are denoted by larger variants of the symbol for the ordinary binary operator. thus, the iterations of the four operations mentioned above are denoted,,, { \ displaystyle \ sum, \ \ prod, \ \ bigcup, } and { \ displa... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
hence the degree of Ο β { \ displaystyle \ psi _ { \ ell } } is equal to either 1 2 ( l 2 β 1 ) { \ displaystyle { \ frac { 1 } { 2 } } ( l ^ { 2 } - 1 ) }, 1 2 ( l β 1 ) { \ displaystyle { \ frac { 1 } { 2 } } ( l - 1 ) }, or 0. rene schoof observed that working modulo the β { \ displaystyle \ ell } th division polyno... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
= Ξ» e β Ξ» t β e β Ξ» t u = 1 x β 1 ( Ξ» u t u β 1 ( u β 1 )! β Ξ» u + 1 t u u! ) { \ displaystyle { \ begin { aligned } f ( t ) & { } = { \ frac { d } { dt } } \ pr ( t _ { x } \ leq t ) = { \ frac { d } { dt } } \ pr ( x _ { t } \ geq x ) = { \ frac { d } { dt } } ( 1 - \ pr ( x _ { t } \ leq x - 1 ) ) \ \ \ \ & { } = { ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the example that follows, there are exactly two complete lead - reductions that produce two very different results. the fact that the results are irreducible ( not only lead - irreducible ) is specific to the example, although this is rather common with such small examples. in this two variable example, the monomial... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the united states, the u. s. food and drug administration ( fda ) controls antimicrobial handsoaps and sanitizers as over - the - counter drugs ( otc ) because they are intended for topical anti - microbial use to prevent disease in humans. the fda requires strict labeling which informs consumers on proper use of th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
they may be running traditionally in - house software or general purpose software such as dos. many of the newer ones have touch screens. they may be connected to computerized point of sale networks using any type of protocol. such systems may be accessed remotely for the purpose of obtaining records or troubleshooting... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in designing an artificial intelligence agent, it was soon realized that representing common - sense knowledge, knowledge that humans simply take for granted, was essential to make an ai that could interact with humans using natural language. cyc was meant to address this problem. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in statistics, the coverage probability, or coverage for short, is the probability that a confidence interval or confidence region will include the true value ( parameter ) of interest. it can be defined as the proportion of instances where the interval surrounds the true value as assessed by long - run frequency. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the mse is the second moment ( about the origin ) of the error, and thus incorporates both the variance of the estimator ( how widely spread the estimates are from one data sample to another ) and its bias ( how far off the average estimated value is from the true value ). for an unbiased estimator, the mse is the vari... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
this first unit had been manufactured to the following specifications : 1, 400 w, 40 hz, 120 : 72 v, 11. 6 : 19. 4 a, ratio 1. 67 : 1, one - phase, shell form. in both designs, the magnetic flux linking the primary and secondary windings traveled almost entirely within the confines of the iron core, with no intentional... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in nonstandard analysis, a monad or also a halo is the set of points infinitesimally close to a given point. given a hyperreal number x in rβ, the monad of x is the set monad ( x ) = { y β r β x β y is infinitesimal }. { \ displaystyle { \ text { monad } } ( x ) = \ { y \ in \ mathbb { r } ^ { * } \ mid x - y { \ text ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the first recall device in the united states was adopted in los angeles in 1903. typically, the process involves the collection of citizen petitions for the recall of an elected official ; if a sufficient number of valid signatures are collected and verified, a recall election is triggered. there have been four guberna... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the linkage criterion determines the distance between sets of observations as a function of the pairwise distances between observations. some commonly used linkage criteria between two sets of observations a and b and a distance d are : some of these can only be recomputed recursively ( wpgma, wpgmc ), for many a recur... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the following algorithm b doesn't have this disadvantage, but it also doesn't have the fast arithmetic modulo p { \ displaystyle p } algorithm a has in that case. algorithm b select a q { \ displaystyle q } - bit prime q { \ displaystyle q } so that q β‘ 7 mod 12 { \ displaystyle q \ equiv 7 \ { \ text { mod } } \ 12 }.... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, an interleave sequence is obtained by merging two sequences via an in shuffle. let s { \ displaystyle s } be a set, and let ( x i ) { \ displaystyle ( x _ { i } ) } and ( y i ) { \ displaystyle ( y _ { i } ) }, i = 0, 1, 2, β¦, { \ displaystyle i = 0, 1, 2, \ ldots, } be two sequences in s. { \ displayst... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
clustered lasso is a generalization of fused lasso that identifies and groups relevant covariates based on their effects ( coefficients ). the basic idea is to penalize the differences between the coefficients so that nonzero ones cluster. this can be modeled using the following regularization : i < j p | Ξ² i β Ξ² j | β€... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
query - dependent methods attempt to measure the degree to which a page matches a specific query, independent of the importance of the page. query - dependent ranking is usually based on heuristics that consider the number and locations of matches of the various query words on the page itself, in the url or in any anch... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the first loop, the original ( parent ) process forks 10 copies of itself. each of these child processes ( detected by the fact that fork ( ) returned zero ) prints a message, sleeps, and exits. all of the children are created at essentially the same time ( since the parent is doing very little in the loop ), so it ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in medicine, sampling is gathering of matter from the body to aid in the process of a medical diagnosis and / or evaluation of an indication for treatment, further medical tests or other procedures. in this sense, the sample is the gathered matter, and the sampling tool or sampler is the person or material to collect t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
bentley also proposed using range trees, which improved query time to o ( log d n + k ) { \ displaystyle o ( \ log ^ { d } n + k ) } but increased space to o ( n log d β 1 n ) { \ displaystyle o ( n \ log ^ { d - 1 } n ) }. dan willard used downpointers, a special case of fractional cascading to reduce the query time f... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, the metaplectic group mp2n is a double cover of the symplectic group sp2n. it can be defined over either real or p - adic numbers. the construction covers more generally the case of an arbitrary local or finite field, and even the ring of adeles. the metaplectic group has a particularly significant infi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, a completely regular semigroup is a semigroup in which every element is in some subgroup of the semigroup. the class of completely regular semigroups forms an important subclass of the class of regular semigroups, the class of inverse semigroups being another such subclass. alfred h. clifford was the fi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the context of regulation ( eu ) no 910 / 2014 ( eidas ), a qualified digital certificate is a public key certificate issued by a trust service provider which has government - issued qualifications. the certificate is designed to ensure the authenticity and data integrity of an electronic signature and its accompany... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
since relabels and saturating pushes increase Ο, the total number of nonsaturating pushes must make up the difference of ( 2 | v | β 1 ) ( | v | β 2 ) + ( 2 | v | β 1 ) ( 2 | v | | e | ) β€ 4 | v | 2 | e |. this results in a time bound of o ( v 2e ) for the nonsaturating push operations. in sum, the algorithm executes o... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in statistical inference based on regression coefficients, yes ; in predictive modelling applications, correction is neither necessary nor appropriate. to understand this, consider the measurement error as follows. let y be the outcome variable, x be the true predictor variable, and w be an approximate observation of x... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in 2012, the court ruled that under the all writs act, the defendant was required to produce an unencrypted hard drive for the court. in many jurisdictions, the legal status of forced disclosure remains unclear. the 2016 fbi β apple encryption dispute concerns the ability of courts in the united states to compel manufa... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the zeroth part, chapter 0, conway introduces a specialized form of set notation, having the form { l | r }, where l and r are again of this form, built recursively, terminating in { | }, which is to be read as an analog of the empty set. given this object, axiomatic definitions for addition, subtraction, multiplica... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
codes such as marlowe operate with this approach. the binary collision approximation can also be extended to simulate dynamic composition changes of a material due to prolonged ion irradiation, i. e. due to ion implantation and sputtering. at low ion energies, the approximation of independent collisions between atoms s... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematical group theory, a c - group is a group such that the centralizer of any involution has a normal sylow 2 - subgroup. they include as special cases cit - groups where the centralizer of any involution is a 2 - group, and ti - groups where any sylow 2 - subgroups have trivial intersection. the simple c - gro... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
uncertainties can also be defined by the relative error ( Ξ΄x ) / x, which is usually written as a percentage. most commonly, the uncertainty on a quantity is quantified in terms of the standard deviation, Ο, which is the positive square root of the variance. the value of a quantity and its error are then expressed as a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the japanese kantenji braille, the standard 8 - dot braille patterns 235, 1235, 2345, and 12345 are the patterns related to braille pattern dots - 124, since the two additional dots of kantenji patterns 0124, 1247, and 01247 are placed above the base 6 - dot cell, instead of below, as in standard 8 - dot braille. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
so the parser should also use the rule a β w if Ξ΅ is in fi ( w ) and it sees on the input stream a symbol that could follow a. therefore, we also need the follow - set of a, written as fo ( a ) here, which is defined as the set of terminals a such that there is a string of symbols Ξ±aaΞ² that can be derived from the star... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
thus measuring leakage, or iddq testing, is a quick, inexpensive method for finding defective chips. increased leakage is a common failure mode resulting from non - catastrophic overstress of a semiconductor device, when the junction or the gate oxide suffers permanent damage not sufficient to cause a catastrophic fail... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
altmetrics did not originally cover citation counts, but calculate scholar impact based on diverse online research output, such as social media, online news media, online reference managers and so on. it demonstrates both the impact and the detailed composition of the impact. altmetrics could be applied to research fil... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
infiltrating organizations is an important tool because these institutions are already seen as legitimate in the eyes of the people and provide a platform to express their ideas. when infiltrating, the dissident identifies needs of the organization and then links those needs to solutions that his ideology can provide. ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
{ \ displaystyle x _ { 0 }, x _ { 1 }, x _ { 2 },... } then x 0 { \ displaystyle x _ { 0 } } is the state which the machine starts in and x 10 { \ displaystyle x _ { 10 } } is the random variable describing its state after 10 transitions. the process continues forever, indexed by the natural numbers. an example of a st... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the united states house of representatives, a motion to recommit can be made with or without instructions. if the motion is made without instructions, the bill or resolution is simply sent back to the committee. if the motion is made with instructions and the motion is agreed to, the chairman of the committee in que... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in telecommunication, a mobile vpn is a solution that provides data user mobility and ensures secure network access with predictable performance. data user mobility is defined as uninterrupted connectivity or the ability to stay connected and communicate to a possibly remote data network while changing the network acce... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the internal language of closed symmetric monoidal categories is linear logic and the type system is the linear type system. many examples of closed monoidal categories are symmetric. however, this need not always be the case, as non - symmetric monoidal categories can be encountered in category - theoretic formulation... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in such games, however, it is often found that creativity is lowered and the words stray towards having obvious associations again. this game is sometimes known as " word for word ". sometimes, repeated words are forbidden or otherwise noted on a separate list for interest. a variant with an arbitrary name ( sometimes ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the 1990s, noam elkies, followed by a. o. l. atkin devised improvements to schoof's basic algorithm by making a distinction among the primes β 1, β¦, β s { \ displaystyle \ ell _ { 1 }, \ ldots, \ ell _ { s } } that are used. a prime β { \ displaystyle \ ell } is called an elkies prime if the characteristic equation ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
an example would be to trade the electric charge, q, ( related to the abelian group u ( 1 ) of electromagnetism ), for the new quantum number exp ( 2iΟ q ). then this becomes a multiplicative quantum number by virtue of the charge being an additive quantum number. however, this route is usually followed only for discre... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
digitally modulated signals ( e. g. qam or psk ) are basically made of two cw carriers ( the i and q components, which are out - of - phase carriers ). in fact, the information ( bits or symbols ) is carried by given combinations of phase and / or amplitude of the i and q components. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
available in several varieties ; analog, analog spread spectrum ( 100 khz bandwidth ), digital, and digital spread spectrum, most being sold today are low - cost analog models, which are still susceptible to eavesdropping. digital variants can still be scanned, but are received as a digital hiss and therefore are diffi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the nmos 6502 and derivatives ( e. g., 6510 ), the simultaneous assertion of a hardware interrupt line and execution of brk was not accounted for in the design β the brk instruction will be ignored in such a case. also, the status of the decimal mode flag in the processor status register is unchanged following an in... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
there is no standard method for applying the task. the most commonly used one is a letter rating task, which involves having participants judge all the letters of the alphabet. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
it has also been observed that misinformation and disinformation reappear on social media sites. a research study watched the process of thirteen rumors appearing on twitter and noticed that eleven of those same stories resurfaced multiple times, after time had passed. a social media app called parler has caused much c... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the contemporary literature, there are two primary ( and non - equivalent ) formulations of supervenience ( for both definitions let a and b be sets of properties ). ( 1 ) a - properties supervene on b - properties if and only if all things that are b - indiscernible are a - indiscernible. formally : x y ( x β b ( x... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the trade - off between exploration and exploitation is also faced in machine learning. in practice, multi - armed bandits have been used to model problems such as managing research projects in a large organization, like a science foundation or a pharmaceutical company. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the case of measurement error, one wishes to discard them or use statistics that are robust to outliers, while in the case of heavy - tailed distributions, they indicate that the distribution has high skewness and that one should be very cautious in using tools or intuitions that assume a normal distribution. a freq... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, especially order theory, a weak ordering is a mathematical formalization of the intuitive notion of a ranking of a set, some of whose members may be tied with each other. weak orders are a generalization of totally ordered sets ( rankings without ties ) and are in turn generalized by ( strictly ) partia... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in quantum information theory, a quantum channel is a communication channel which can transmit quantum information, as well as classical information. an example of quantum information is the state of a qubit. an example of classical information is a text document transmitted over the internet. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, the square root of a matrix extends the notion of square root from numbers to matrices. a matrix b is said to be a square root of a if the matrix product bb is equal to a. some authors use the name square root or the notation a1 / 2 only for the specific case when a is positive semidefinite, to denote t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in some languages and programming environments, the use of a case or switch statement is considered superior to an equivalent series of if else if statements because it is : easier to debug ( e. g. setting breakpoints on code vs. a call table, if the debugger has no conditional breakpoint capability ) easier for a pers... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, the chinese monoid is a monoid generated by a totally ordered alphabet with the relations cba = cab = bca for every a β€ b β€ c. an algorithm similar to schensted's algorithm yields characterisation of the equivalence classes and a cross - section theorem. it was discovered by duchamp & krob ( 1994 ) duri... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in some countries'online banking, the bank sends to the user a numbered list of otps that is printed on paper. other banks send plastic cards with actual otps obscured by a layer that the user has to scratch off to reveal a numbered otp. for every online transaction, the user is required to enter a specific otp from th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in order to discuss the continuous - time markov decision process, we introduce two sets of notations : if the state space and action space are finite, s { \ displaystyle { \ mathcal { s } } } : state space ; a { \ displaystyle { \ mathcal { a } } } : action space ; q ( i j, a ) { \ displaystyle q ( i \ mid j, a ) } : ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
examples are cell phones, which transmit and receive the two sides of a phone conversation using radio waves to a cell tower, cordless phones in which both the phone handset and the base station have transceivers to communicate both sides of the conversation, and land mobile radio systems like walkie - talkies and cb r... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
to form the product of two 8 - bit integers, for example, the digital device forms the sum and difference, looks both quantities up in a table of squares, takes the difference of the results, and divides by four by shifting two bits to the right. for 8 - bit integers the table of quarter squares will have 29β1 = 511 en... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the fourth year of his degree course richard's research project led him to using oxford's ferranti mercury computer to solve integrals. during a fellowship year in france at centre de mecanique ondulatoire appliquee, he was able to use more powerful computers. returning to oxford, he worked on ab initio computations... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
by offering a quantity discount for a larger quantity purchased the seller is able to capture some of the consumer surplus but not all. this is because diminishing marginal utility may mean the consumer would not be willing to purchase an additional unit without a discount since the marginal utility received from the g... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
optimization will generally focus on improving just one or two aspects of performance : execution time, memory usage, disk space, bandwidth, power consumption or some other resource. this will usually require a trade - off β where one factor is optimized at the expense of others. for example, increasing the size of cac... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in telecommunications, effective transmission rate ( average rate of transmission, effective speed of transmission ) is the rate at which information is processed by a transmission facility. the effective transmission rate is calculated as ( a ) the measured number of units of data, such as bits, characters, blocks, or... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in statistical decision theory, an admissible decision rule is a rule for making a decision such that there is no other rule that is always " better " than it ( or at least sometimes better and never worse ), in the precise sense of " better " defined below. this concept is analogous to pareto efficiency. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in statistics, the standard score is the number of standard deviations by which the value of a raw score ( i. e., an observed value or data point ) is above or below the mean value of what is being observed or measured. raw scores above the mean have positive standard scores, while those below the mean have negative st... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the presumed difficulty of this problem is important for the algorithms used in cryptography such as rsa public - key encryption and the rsa digital signature. many areas of mathematics and computer science have been brought to bear on the problem, including elliptic curves, algebraic number theory, and quantum computi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, an iterated function is a function x β x ( that is, a function from some set x to itself ) which is obtained by composing another function f : x β x with itself a certain number of times. the process of repeatedly applying the same function is called iteration. in this process, starting from some initia... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematical logic, craig's theorem ( also known as craig's trick ) states that any recursively enumerable set of well - formed formulas of a first - order language is ( primitively ) recursively axiomatizable. this result is not related to the well - known craig interpolation theorem, although both results are name... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in regional testing, 20 to 50 Β΅l of liquid stimulus is presented to the anterior and posterior tongue using a pipette, soaked filter - paper disks, or cotton swabs. in whole mouth testing, small quantities ( 2 - 10 ml ) of solution are administered, and the patient is asked to swish the solution around in the mouth. th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the 1960s a metrication program was initiated in most english - speaking countries, resulting in either the partial or total displacement of the imperial system or the us customary system of measure in those countries. the current status of imperial and us customary units, as summarised by nist, is that " the si met... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, field arithmetic is a subject that studies the interrelations between arithmetic properties of a field and its absolute galois group. it is an interdisciplinary subject as it uses tools from algebraic number theory, arithmetic geometry, algebraic geometry, model theory, the theory of finite groups and o... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the japanese kantenji braille, the standard 8 - dot braille patterns 256, 1256, 2456, and 12456 are the patterns related to braille pattern dots - 145, since the two additional dots of kantenji patterns 0145, 1457, and 01457 are placed above the base 6 - dot cell, instead of below, as in standard 8 - dot braille. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
an element of order 6 in the group s5 can be written in cycle notation as ( 1 2 ) ( 3 4 5 ). note that the same argument applies to the number 6, that is, g ( 6 ) = 6. there are arbitrarily long sequences of consecutive numbers n, n + 1, β¦, n + m on which the function g is constant. the integer sequence g ( 0 ) = 1, g ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the unl approach, information conveyed by natural language is represented sentence by sentence as a hypergraph composed of a set of directed binary labeled links ( referred to as relations ) between nodes or hypernodes ( the universal words, or simply uws ), which stand for concepts. uws can also be annotated with a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
for a dijoin in the given graph, the corresponding set of edges forms a directed cut in the dual graph, and vice versa. this relationship between these two problems allows the feedback arc set problem to be solved efficiently for planar graphs, even though it is np - hard for other types of graphs. = = references = = | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in professional usage, digital cameras offer many advantages in speed, precision, flexibility, ease, and cost. immediacy : image review and deletion are possible immediately ; lighting and composition can be assessed immediately, which ultimately conserves storage space. faster workflow : management ( color and file ),... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the reiner β stanton β white paper, the following example is given : let Ξ± be a composition of n, and let w ( Ξ± ) be the set of all words of length n with Ξ±i letters equal to i. a descent of a word w is any index j such that w j > w j + 1 { \ displaystyle w _ { j } > w _ { j + 1 } }. define the major index maj ( w )... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in probability theory, the central limit theorem states conditions under which the average of a sufficiently large number of independent random variables, each with finite mean and variance, will be approximately normally distributed. directional statistics is the subdiscipline of statistics that deals with directions ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
this makes the reliable modification of static memory values more complex. the load address has to be determined and subtracted from a found memory address to obtain a static memory offset. this offset is often exactly the address of the static variable within the pie binary. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
additionally, both of these services allow browsing of their classifications, via westlaw's west key numbers or lexis'headnotes. though these two search algorithms are proprietary and secret, it is known that they employ manual classification of text ( though this may be computer - assisted ). these systems can help ov... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
i am her. subject + verb ( transitive ) + indirect object + direct objectexample : she made me a pie. this clause pattern is a derivative of s + v + o, transforming the object of a preposition into an indirect object of the verb, as the example sentence in transformational grammar is actually " she made a pie for me ".... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in logics with double negation elimination ( where Β¬ Β¬ x β‘ x { \ displaystyle \ lnot \ lnot x \ equiv x } ) the complementary literal or complement of a literal l { \ displaystyle l } can be defined as the literal corresponding to the negation of l { \ displaystyle l }. we can write l { \ displaystyle { \ bar { l } } }... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in performance testing, it is often crucial for the test conditions to be similar to the expected actual use. however, in practice this is hard to arrange and not wholly possible, since production systems are subjected to unpredictable workloads. test workloads may mimic occurrences in the production environment as far... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the japanese kantenji braille, the standard 8 - dot braille patterns 23568, 123568, 234568, and 1234568 are the patterns related to braille pattern dots - 12456, since the two additional dots of kantenji patterns 012456, 124567, and 0124567 are placed above the base 6 - dot cell, instead of below, as in standard 8 -... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
as in the case of groups or magmas, the semigroup operation need not be commutative, so x Β· y is not necessarily equal to y Β· x ; a well - known example of an operation that is associative but non - commutative is matrix multiplication. if the semigroup operation is commutative, then the semigroup is called a commutati... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
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