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in mathematics, arithmetic combinatorics is a field in the intersection of number theory, combinatorics, ergodic theory and harmonic analysis. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in practice the classical relational algebra described above is extended with various operations such as outer joins, aggregate functions and even transitive closure. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the semantic web approach, data from multiple websites or databases is searched via metadata. metadata is machine - readable code, which defines the contents of the page for the program so that the comparisons between the data and the search terms are more accurate. this serves to decrease the number of results that... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
n. r. campbell and the ferguson committee were thus proven wrong. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
this could be the set of all subsets of the array of bits that are skeletonized 4 - connected ( width of the font is 1 ). let e x ( c, d ) { \ displaystyle ex ( c, d ) } be a procedure that draws an example, x { \ displaystyle x }, using a probability distribution d { \ displaystyle d } and gives the correct label c ( ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, the lower convex envelope f { \ displaystyle { \ breve { f } } } of a function f { \ displaystyle f } defined on an interval { \ displaystyle } is defined at each point of the interval as the supremum of all convex functions that lie under that function, i. e. f ( x ) = sup { g ( x ) g is convex and g ≤... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in most dialects of lisp including common lisp, by convention the value nil evaluates to the value false in a boolean expression. in scheme, since the ieee standard in 1991, all values except # f, including nil's equivalent in scheme which is written as'( ), evaluate to the value true in a boolean expression. ( r5rs se... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
a related result, sometimes called the second borel – cantelli lemma, is a partial converse of the first borel – cantelli lemma. the lemma states that, under certain conditions, an event will have probability of either zero or one. accordingly, it is the best - known of a class of similar theorems, known as zero - one ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in semiconductor testing, the device under test is a die on a wafer or the resulting packaged part. a connection system is used, connecting the part to automatic or manual test equipment. the test equipment then applies power to the part, supplies stimulus signals, then measures and evaluates the resulting outputs from... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
this is meant to indicate that the application is temporarily unresponsive, a state from which it should recover. it may also indicate that all or part of the application has entered an unrecoverable state or an infinite loop. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in some applications, the input data may contain features that are irrelevant for comparison purposes. for example, when looking up a personal name, it may be desirable to ignore the distinction between upper and lower case letters. for such data, one must use a hash function that is compatible with the data equivalenc... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in power supply networks, the power generation and the electrical load ( demand ) must be very close to equal every second to avoid overloading of network components, which can severely damage them. protective relays and fuses are used to automatically detect overloads and to disconnect circuits at risk of damage. unde... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, a ratio ( ) shows how many times one number contains another. for example, if there are eight oranges and six lemons in a bowl of fruit, then the ratio of oranges to lemons is eight to six ( that is, 8 : 6, which is equivalent to the ratio 4 : 3 ). similarly, the ratio of lemons to oranges is 6 : 8 ( or... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in his phd thesis, berardi defined a cube of constructive logics akin to the lambda cube ( these specifications are non - dependent ). a modification of this cube was later called the l - cube by geuvers, who in his phd thesis extended the curry – howard correspondence to this setting. based on these ideas, barthe and ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in number theory, the ruler function of an integer n { \ displaystyle n } can be either of two closely related functions. one of these functions counts the number of times n { \ displaystyle n } can be evenly divided by two, which for the numbers 1, 2, 3,... is alternatively, the ruler function can be defined as the sa... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
similarly, a " 300 gb " hard drive can be expected to offer only slightly more than 300×109 = 300000000000, bytes, not 300 × 230 ( which would be about 322×109 bytes or " 322 gb " ). the first terabyte ( si prefix, 1000000000000 bytes ) hard disk drive was introduced in 2007. decimal prefixes were generally used by inf... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in telecommunication, transmit - after - receive time delay is the time interval from removal of rf energy at the local receiver input until the local transmitter is automatically keyed on and the transmitted rf signal amplitude has increased to 90 % of its steady - state value. an exception : high - frequency ( hf ) t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the following descriptions, α, β, and γ represent any string of terminals / nonterminals ( including the empty string ), x and y represent single nonterminals, and a represents a terminal symbol. earley's algorithm is a top - down dynamic programming algorithm. in the following, we use earley's dot notation : given ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the player with the most accurate predictions wins the top prize, or a share of it if more than one player has these predictions. in addition, there is a special £3, 000, 000 prize or share of it for correctly predicting the nine score draws ( draws of 1 - 1 or higher ) when these are the only score draws on the coupon... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the above procedure is repeated until the solution of constraint equations, σ k ( t + δ t ) { \ displaystyle \ sigma _ { k } ( t + \ delta t ) }, converges to a prescribed tolerance of a numerical error. although there are a number of algorithms to compute the lagrange multipliers, these difference is rely only on the ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in object - oriented programming, sequential coupling ( also known as temporal coupling ) is a form of coupling where a class requires its methods to be called in a particular sequence. this may be an anti - pattern, depending on context. methods whose name starts with init, begin, start, etc. may indicate the existenc... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
it provides a user interface, and reads and writes to the post office files directly in order to send, access, and manage email messages. this arrangement is called a " shared - file mail system " ( which was also implemented later in competing products such as microsoft mail ). this is in contrast to a " client / serv... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the four color theorem, kempe was able to prove that all graphs necessarily have a vertex of five or less, or containing a vertex that touches five other vertices, called its neighbors. as such, to prove the four color theorem, it is sufficient to prove that vertices of five or less were all four - colorable. kempe ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, the splitting principle is a technique used to reduce questions about vector bundles to the case of line bundles. in the theory of vector bundles, one often wishes to simplify computations, say of chern classes. often computations are well understood for line bundles and for direct sums of line bundles.... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
a positive impact of coalescing on inference graph colorability is, for example, when a node interferes with both nodes being coalesced, the degree of the node is reduced by one which leads to improving the overall colorability of the interference graph. there are several coalescing heuristics available : aggressive co... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, particularly in the area of arithmetic, a modular multiplicative inverse of an integer a is an integer x such that the product ax is congruent to 1 with respect to the modulus m. in the standard notation of modular arithmetic this congruence is written as a x ≡ 1 ( mod m ), { \ displaystyle ax \ equiv 1... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in social choice theory, tournaments naturally arise as majority relations of preference profiles. let a { \ displaystyle a } be a finite set of alternatives, and consider a list p = ( 1, …, n ) { \ displaystyle p = ( \ succ _ { 1 }, \ dots, \ succ _ { n } ) } of linear orders over a { \ displaystyle a }. we interpret ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in probability theory and statistics, a cross - covariance matrix is a matrix whose element in the i, j position is the covariance between the i - th element of a random vector and j - th element of another random vector. a random vector is a random variable with multiple dimensions. each element of the vector is a sca... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
δ i k p k m ( l ) ⟩ ⟩ = ( 2 l + 2 k + 1 )!! ⟨ ⟨ m ( l − 2 k ) ⟩ ⟩ { \ displaystyle { \ hat { t } } r _ { 1 }... { \ hat { t } } r _ { k } \ left \ langle \ left \ langle \ delta _ { i _ { 1 } p _ { 1 } }... \ delta _ { i _ { k } p _ { k } } \ mathbf { m } _ { } ^ { ( l ) } \ right \ rangle \ right \ rangle = ( 2l + 2k ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the resulting function behaves like a while or a for loop in an imperative language. used in this way, the y combinator implements simple recursion. in the lambda calculus, it is not possible to refer to the definition of a function inside its own body by name. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
to distinguish this type of vector from those described above, it is common and useful in physics to denote an element { \ displaystyle \ phi } of an abstract complex vector space as a ket | ⟩ { \ displaystyle | \ phi \ rangle }, to refer to it as a " ket " rather than as a vector, and to pronounce it " ket - { \ displ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the most familiar example of a paired difference test occurs when subjects are measured before and after a treatment. such a " repeated measures " test compares these measurements within subjects, rather than across subjects, and will generally have greater power than an unpaired test. another example comes from matchi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in pattern recognition, information retrieval, object detection and classification ( machine learning ), precision and recall are performance metrics that apply to data retrieved from a collection, corpus or sample space. precision ( also called positive predictive value ) is the fraction of relevant instances among th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, loop - erased random walk is a model for a random simple path with important applications in combinatorics, physics and quantum field theory. it is intimately connected to the uniform spanning tree, a model for a random tree. see also random walk for more general treatment of this topic. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in most models of communication protocol participants communicate through authenticated channels. this means that messages are not anonymous, and receivers know the source of every message they receive. some models assume a stronger, transferable form of authentication, where each message is signed by the sender, so th... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
they are weakly structured in common use, and become strongly structured in individual - site use. they may be abstract or concrete. they have different meanings in different social worlds but their structure is common enough to more than one world to make them recognizable, a means of translation. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
note that in the probability inequalities above, the outcome of the protocol is understood to depend only on the random string ; both strings x and y remain fixed. in other words, if r ( x, y ) yields g ( x, y, r ) when using random string r, then g ( x, y, r ) = f ( x, y ) for at least 2 / 3 of all choices for the str... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
common phonological features that define the natural classes of vowels involved in vowel harmony include vowel backness, vowel height, nasalization, roundedness, and advanced and retracted tongue root. vowel harmony is found in many agglutinative languages. the given domain of vowel harmony taking effect often spans ac... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematical logic, the diagonal lemma ( also known as diagonalization lemma, self - reference lemma or fixed point theorem ) establishes the existence of self - referential sentences in certain formal theories of the natural numbers — specifically those theories that are strong enough to represent all computable fu... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
it is still generally called the " liar paradox " although abstraction is made precisely from the liar making the statement. trying to assign to this statement, the strengthened liar, a classical binary truth value leads to a contradiction. if " this sentence is false " is true, then it is false, but the sentence state... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
by 1963 – 1964 godel would disavow herbrand – godel recursion and the λ - calculus in favor of the turing machine as the definition of " algorithm " or " mechanical procedure " or " formal system ". a hypothesis leading to a natural law? : in late 1936 alan turing's paper ( also proving that the entscheidungsproblem is... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
it was implemented in ecl running at 25 mhz. major functional modules were implemented using amcc ecl asics. the project grew beyond its original definition to include a front - end general purpose processor ensemble based on the multiple 68020 processors running unix system v. the numeric processor ran a small kernel ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the classification of programming languages, an applicative programming language is built out of functions applied to arguments. applicative languages are functional, and applicative is often used as a synonym for functional. however, concatenative languages can be functional, while not being applicative. the semant... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in practice, there exist several methods to construct knowledge spaces. the most frequently used method is querying experts. there exist several querying algorithms that allow one or several experts to construct a knowledge space by answering a sequence of simple questions. another method is to construct the knowledge ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in telecommunications networks, ranap ( radio access network application part ) is a protocol specified by 3gpp in ts 25. 413 and used in umts for signaling between the core network, which can be a msc or sgsn, and the utran. ranap is carried over iu - interface. ranap signalling protocol resides in the control plane o... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in probability theory and statistics, the negative hypergeometric distribution describes probabilities for when sampling from a finite population without replacement in which each sample can be classified into two mutually exclusive categories like pass / fail or employed / unemployed. as random selections are made fro... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, the nth - term test for divergence is a simple test for the divergence of an infinite series : if lim n → ∞ a n = 0 { \ displaystyle \ lim _ { n \ to \ infty } a _ { n } \ neq 0 } or if the limit does not exist, then n = 1 ∞ a n { \ displaystyle \ sum _ { n = 1 } ^ { \ infty } a _ { n } } diverges. many... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in telecommunication, a two - wire circuit is characterized by supporting transmission in two directions simultaneously, as opposed to four - wire circuits, which have separate pairs for transmit and receive. the subscriber local loop from the telco central office are almost all two wire for analog baseband voice calls... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, the tent map with parameter μ is the real - valued function fμ defined by f μ ( x ) : = μ min { x, 1 − x }, { \ displaystyle f _ { \ mu } ( x ) : = \ mu \ min \ { x, \, 1 - x \ }, } the name being due to the tent - like shape of the graph of fμ. for the values of the parameter μ within 0 and 2, fμ maps ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in order to gain access to gsm services, a user needs three things : a billing relationship with a mobile phone operator. this is usually either where services are paid for in advance of them being consumed ( prepaid ), or where bills are issued and settled after the service has been consumed ( postpaid ). a mobile pho... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in software development, time - of - check to time - of - use ( toctou, tocttou or toc / tou ) is a class of software bugs caused by a race condition involving the checking of the state of a part of a system ( such as a security credential ) and the use of the results of that check. toctou race conditions are common in... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in modern machines, the time to fetch a variable from the data cache is often several times longer than the time needed for basic alu operations. a program runs faster without stalls if its memory loads can be started several cycles before the instruction that needs that variable. complex machines can do this with a de... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
a hierarchy consists of an order defined on a set. the term hierarchy is used to stress a hierarchical relation among the elements. the xml specification defines an xml document as a well - formed text if it satisfies a list of syntax rules defined in the specification. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
for instance, the three brothers faloutsos believed that the internet had a power law degree distribution on the basis of traceroute data ; however, it has been suggested that this is a layer 3 illusion created by routers, which appear as high - degree nodes while concealing the internal layer 2 structure of the ases t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in most unix - like systems, all processes of a pipeline are started at the same time, with their streams appropriately connected, and managed by the scheduler together with all other processes running on the machine. an important aspect of this, setting unix pipes apart from other pipe implementations, is the concept ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
we should also remember to strike out aaa ; this says that since the cube of a is the identity element of g, so is the cube of the inverse of a. under these conditions the word problem becomes easy. first reduce strings to the empty string, a, aa, a or aa. then note that we may also multiply by aaa, so we can convert a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in some cases, simple electromagnetic analysis is not possible or does not provide enough information. differential electromagnetic analysis ( dema ) attacks are more complex, but are effective against symmetric cryptography implementation, against which sema attacks are not. additionally unlike sema, dema attacks do n... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in that case, if it holds a " ≈ ", then x and y look indistinguishably equal, and if it holds a " > ", then x looks clearly more red than y. the relation ≥ is the disjoint union of the symmetric relation ≈ and the transitive relation >. using the transitivity of >, the knowledge of both f10 > d30 and d30 > b50 allows o... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in signal processing, the test is often retained in the original form due to dirichlet : a piecewise monotone bounded periodic function f { \ displaystyle f } has a convergent fourier series whose value at each point is the arithmetic mean of the left and right limits of the function. the condition of piecewise monoton... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in systems engineering, information systems and software engineering, the systems development life cycle ( sdlc ), also referred to as the application development life cycle, is a process for planning, creating, testing, and deploying an information system. the sdlc concept applies to a range of hardware and software c... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
another unix breakthrough was to automatically associate input and output to terminal keyboard and terminal display, respectively, by default — the program ( and programmer ) did absolutely nothing to establish input and output for a typical input - process - output program ( unless it chose a different paradigm ). in ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematical analysis, the foias constant is a real number named after ciprian foias. it is defined in the following way : for every real number x1 > 0, there is a sequence defined by the recurrence relation x n + 1 = ( 1 + 1 x n ) n { \ displaystyle x _ { n + 1 } = \ left ( 1 + { \ frac { 1 } { x _ { n } } } \ righ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the japanese kantenji braille, the standard 8 - dot braille patterns 3678, 13678, 34678, and 134678 are the patterns related to braille pattern dots - 2356, since the two additional dots of kantenji patterns 02356, 23567, and 023567 are placed above the base 6 - dot cell, instead of below, as in standard 8 - dot bra... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the m690t was followed by the m690e specifically for embedded applications which removed the tv output, which required macrovision licensing for oems, and enabled native support for dual tmds outputs, enabling dual independent dvi interfaces. in january 2011, amd announced the amd embedded g - series accelerated proces... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in residential telephony, an extension telephone is an additional telephone wired to the same telephone line as another. in middle 20th century telephone jargon, the first telephone on a line was a " main station " and subsequent ones " extensions " or even called as intercom. such extension phones allow making or rece... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
define a matrix p { \ displaystyle p } of dimension | i | × | j | { \ displaystyle | i | \ times | j | } with entries in g 0 = g ∪ { 0 }. { \ displaystyle g ^ { 0 } = g \ cup \ { 0 \ }. } then, it can be shown that every 0 - simple semigroup is of the form s = ( i × g 0 × j ) { \ displaystyle s = ( i \ times g ^ { 0 } ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in public - key cryptography, the station - to - station ( sts ) protocol is a cryptographic key agreement scheme. the protocol is based on classic diffie – hellman, and provides mutual key and entity authentication. unlike the classic diffie – hellman, which is not secure against a man - in - the - middle attack, this... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
most of the tracks have been previously released on singles, extended plays, and via the linkin park underground fan club, while other tracks are being released for the first time on this compilation. various editions of the release were offered, including on cds and vinyl. it was released on october 9, 2020. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in statistics, a polykay, or generalised k - statistic, ( denoted k r, s { \ displaystyle k _ { r, s } } ) is a statistic defined as a linear combination of sample moments. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in order to represent code points, column / line numbers are used for one - byte codes and kuten numbers are used for two - byte codes. for a way to identify a character without depending on a code, character names are used. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in score voting, strategic voters who expect all other voters to be strategic will exaggerate their true preferences and use the same quasi - compromising strategy as in approval voting, above. that is, they will give all candidates either the highest possible or the lowest possible rating. this presents an additional ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, the greatest common divisor ( gcd ) of two or more integers, which are not all zero, is the largest positive integer that divides each of the integers. for two integers x, y, the greatest common divisor of x and y is denoted gcd ( x, y ) { \ displaystyle \ gcd ( x, y ) }. for example, the gcd of 8 and 1... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
it can build self - confidence and self - esteem while enhancing skills and extending networks and social ties. online volunteering also allows participants to adapt their program of volunteer work to their unique skills and passions. people engaged in virtual volunteering undertake a variety of activities from locatio... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
note that property equivalence is not the same as property equality. equivalent properties have the same " values " ( i. e., the same property extension ), but may have different intensional meaning ( i. e., denote different concepts ). property equality should be expressed with the owl : sameas construct. as this requ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in order to guarantee safety, gbcast defines three safety properties and ensures they hold, regardless of the pattern of failures : | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
example # 1 there are 5 pink marbles, 2 blue marbles, and 8 purple marbles. what are the odds in favor of picking a blue marble? answer : the odds in favour of a blue marble are 2 : 13. one can equivalently say that the odds are 13 : 2 against. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
some languages drop the copula in poetic or aphorismic contexts. examples in english include the more, the better. out of many, one. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in parametric hypothesis testing problems, a simple or point hypothesis refers to a hypothesis where the parameter's value is assumed to be a single number. in contrast, in a composite hypothesis the parameter's value is given by a set of numbers. for example, when testing the null hypothesis that a distribution is nor... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in natural language processing, it is often necessary to compare tree structures ( e. g. parse trees ) for similarity. such comparisons can be performed by computing dot products of vectors of features of the trees, but these vectors tend to be very large : nlp techniques have come to a point where a simple dependency ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in quantum information theory, the wehrl entropy, named after alfred wehrl, is a classical entropy of a quantum - mechanical density matrix. it is a type of quasi - entropy defined for the husimi q representation of the phase - space quasiprobability distribution. see for a comprehensive review of basic properties of c... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in probability theory, the total variation distance is a distance measure for probability distributions. it is an example of a statistical distance metric, and is sometimes called the statistical distance, statistical difference or variational distance. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in other imperative programming languages, it is possible to achieve some of the same algorithmic results as are obtained via higher - order functions by dynamically executing code ( sometimes called eval or execute operations ) in the scope of evaluation. there can be significant drawbacks to this approach : the argum... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in nonparametric statistics, a kernel is a weighting function used in non - parametric estimation techniques. kernels are used in kernel density estimation to estimate random variables'density functions, or in kernel regression to estimate the conditional expectation of a random variable. kernels are also used in time ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in scalar setting, mcdiarmid's inequality provides one common way of bounding the differences by applying azuma's inequality to a doob martingale. a version of the bounded differences inequality holds in the matrix setting. let { z k : k = 1, 2, …, n } { \ displaystyle \ { z _ { k } : k = 1, 2, \ ldots, n \ } } be an i... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, and particularly in number theory, n is a primary pseudoperfect number if it satisfies the egyptian fraction equation 1 n + p | n 1 p = 1, { \ displaystyle { \ frac { 1 } { n } } + \ sum _ { p \, | \ ; \! n } { \ frac { 1 } { p } } = 1, } where the sum is over only the prime divisors of n. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics the division polynomials provide a way to calculate multiples of points on elliptic curves and to study the fields generated by torsion points. they play a central role in the study of counting points on elliptic curves in schoof's algorithm. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in science and engineering, the terms data processing and information systems are considered too broad, and the term data processing is typically used for the initial stage followed by a data analysis in the second stage of the overall data handling. data analysis uses specialized algorithms and statistical calculation... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in number theory, a congruence of squares is a congruence commonly used in integer factorization algorithms. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in statistics and optimization, errors and residuals are two closely related and easily confused measures of the deviation of an observed value of an element of a statistical sample from its " true value " ( not necessarily observable ). the error of an observation is the deviation of the observed value from the true v... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the following the majority judgment winner for the first group of voters is determined. the sorted ratings would be as follows : result : with the votes of the first group of voters, a has the median rating of " excellent " and b has the median rating of " fair ". thus, a is elected majority judgment winner by the f... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
similarly, berger codes can detect any number of zero - to - one bit - flip errors, as long as no one - to - zero bit - flip errors occur in the same code word. berger codes cannot correct any error. like all unidirectional error detecting codes, berger codes can also be used in delay - insensitive circuits. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in statistics, every conjecture concerning the unknown probability distribution of a collection of random variables representing the observed data x { \ displaystyle x } in some study is called a statistical hypothesis. if we state one hypothesis only and the aim of the statistical test is to see whether this hypothesi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the technique is also known as wiener – kolmogorov prediction, after norbert wiener and andrey kolmogorov. the theoretical basis for the method was developed by the french mathematician georges matheron in 1960, based on the master's thesis of danie g. krige, the pioneering plotter of distance - weighted average gold g... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in probability theory and statistics, the dirichlet - multinomial distribution is a family of discrete multivariate probability distributions on a finite support of non - negative integers. it is also called the dirichlet compound multinomial distribution ( dcm ) or multivariate polya distribution ( after george polya ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in telecommunication, a cryptochannel is a complete system of crypto - communications between two or more holders or parties. it includes : ( a ) the cryptographic aids prescribed ; ( b ) the holders thereof ; ( c ) the indicators or other means of identification ; ( d ) the area or areas in which effective ; ( e ) the... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
similarly, in 1998, tijn borghuis introduced modal pure type systems ( mpts ). roorda has discussed the application of pure type systems to functional programming ; and roorda and jeuring have proposed a programming language based on pure type systems. the systems from the lambda cube are all known to be strongly norma... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in music theory, a parameter denotes an element which may be manipulated ( composed ), separately from the other elements. the term is used particularly for pitch, loudness, duration, and timbre, though theorists or composers have sometimes considered other musical aspects as parameters. the term is particularly used i... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
let lower case letters n, x... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in statistical theory, the pitman closeness criterion, named after e. j. g. pitman, is a way of comparing two candidate estimators for the same parameter. under this criterion, estimator a is preferred to estimator b if the probability that estimator a is closer to the true value than estimator b is greater than one ha... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, particularly linear algebra, a zero matrix or null matrix is a matrix all of whose entries are zero. it also serves as the additive identity of the additive group of m × n { \ displaystyle m \ times n } matrices, and is denoted by the symbol o { \ displaystyle o } or 0 { \ displaystyle 0 } followed by s... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
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