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depending on the context, the conditional expectation can be either a random variable or a function. the random variable is denoted e ( x y ) { \ displaystyle e ( x \ mid y ) } analogously to conditional probability. the function form is either denoted e ( x y = y ) { \ displaystyle e ( x \ mid y = y ) } or a separate ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in probability theory and statistics, the normal - wishart distribution ( or gaussian - wishart distribution ) is a multivariate four - parameter family of continuous probability distributions. it is the conjugate prior of a multivariate normal distribution with unknown mean and precision matrix ( the inverse of the co... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the united states and canada, caller id information is sent to the called party by the telephone switch as an analog data stream ( similar to data passed between two modems ), using bell 202 modulation between the first and second rings, while the telephone unit is still on hook. if the telephone call is answered to... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
non - transparent communication systems have one or both of the following problems : user data may be incorrectly interpreted as internal commands. for example, modems with a time independent escape sequence or 20th century signaling system no. 5 and r2 signalling telephone systems, which occasionally incorrectly inter... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in probability theory and information theory, the mutual information ( mi ) of two random variables is a measure of the mutual dependence between the two variables. more specifically, it quantifies the " amount of information " ( in units such as shannons ( bits ), nats or hartleys ) obtained about one random variable ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in parallel computer architectures, a systolic array is a homogeneous network of tightly coupled data processing units ( dpus ) called cells or nodes. each node or dpu independently computes a partial result as a function of the data received from its upstream neighbours, stores the result within itself and passes it d... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
for most common relations in mathematics, special symbols are introduced, like " < " for " is less than ", and " | " for " is a nontrivial divisor of ", and, most popular " = " for " is equal to ". for example, " 1 < 3 ", " 1 is less than 3 ", and " ( 1, 3 ) β rless " mean all the same ; some authors also write " ( 1, ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, a suslin tree is a tree of height Ο1 such that every branch and every antichain is at most countable. they are named after mikhail yakovlevich suslin. every suslin tree is an aronszajn tree. the existence of a suslin tree is independent of zfc, and is equivalent to the existence of a suslin line ( shown... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, in the field of number theory, the ramanujan β nagell equation is an equation between a square number and a number that is seven less than a power of two. it is an example of an exponential diophantine equation, an equation to be solved in integers where one of the variables appears as an exponent. the ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
cray decided that the 8600 would include four complete cpus sharing the main memory. to improve overall throughput, the machine could operate in a special mode that sent a single instruction to all four processors with different data. this technique, today known as simd, reduced the total number of memory accesses beca... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, a pseudo - finite field f is an infinite model of the first - order theory of finite fields. this is equivalent to the condition that f is quasi - finite ( perfect with a unique extension of every positive degree ) and pseudo algebraically closed ( every absolutely irreducible variety over f has a point... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in probabilistic combinatorics, the questions are of the following type : what is the probability of a certain property for a random discrete object, such as a random graph? for instance, what is the average number of triangles in a random graph? probabilistic methods are also used to determine the existence of combina... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in project management, there are generally considered to be three constraints : time ( sometimes schedule ), cost ( sometimes budget ), and scope. ( quality is often added as a fourth constraint - - - represented as the middle of a triangle. ) the assumption is that a change in one constraint will affect the others. wi... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, the quadratic bottleneck assignment problem ( qbap ) is one of the fundamental combinatorial optimization problems in the branch of optimization or operations research, from the category of the facilities location problems. it is related to the quadratic assignment problem in the same way as the linear ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the ping - pong scheme described in transaction processing eliminates this problem by alternately writing the contents of said ( logical ) last page to two different physical pages inside the log file ( the actual last page i and its empty successor i + 1 ). once said logical log page is no longer the last page ( i. e.... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in number theory, the law of quadratic reciprocity is a theorem about modular arithmetic that gives conditions for the solvability of quadratic equations modulo prime numbers. due to its subtlety, it has many formulations, but the most standard statement is : this law, together with its supplements, allows the easy cal... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
however, the program will neither spin nor poll ; thus terms like wait, hang or yield may also convey the behaviour ; also in the context that it will not block other independent processes from running. ) examples ( c is a variable ) : keyboard? | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
., x k β x k β 1 ) { \ displaystyle u = ( x _ { 2 } - x _ { 1 }, x _ { 3 } - x _ { 2 },..., x _ { k } - x _ { k - 1 } ) } whose columns are the k β 1 { \ displaystyle k - 1 } differences. then, one computes the vector c = β u + ( x k + 1 β x k ) { \ displaystyle c = - u ^ { + } ( x _ { k + 1 } - x _ { k } ) } where u +... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in monotone drawing of graphs, in 2 - visibility representation of graphs. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in social network analysis, the co - stardom network represents the collaboration graph of film actors i. e. movie stars. the co - stardom network can be represented by an undirected graph of nodes and links. nodes correspond to the movie star actors and two nodes are linked if they co - starred ( performed ) in the sa... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
using the theory of elliptic functions, it can be shown that elliptic curves defined over the complex numbers correspond to embeddings of the torus into the complex projective plane. the torus is also an abelian group, and this correspondence is also a group isomorphism. elliptic curves are especially important in numb... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
a proactive fault management method to deal with the software aging incident is software rejuvenation. this method can be classified as an environment diversity technique that usually is implemented through software rejuvenation agents ( sra ). the phenomenon was first identified by david parnas, in an essay that explo... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
therefore, whenever an ambiguity is possible, the synonym used for " recursive language " is turing - decidable language, rather than simply decidable. the class of all recursive languages is often called r, although this name is also used for the class rp. this type of language was not defined in the chomsky hierarchy... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematical analysis and computer science, functions which are z - order, lebesgue curve, morton space - filling curve, morton order or morton code map multidimensional data to one dimension while preserving locality of the data points. it is named in france after henri lebesgue, who studied it in 1904, and named i... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
this value is the average of the values of k nearest neighbors. if k = 1, then the output is simply assigned to the value of that single nearest neighbor. k - nn is a type of classification where the function is only approximated locally and all computation is deferred until function evaluation. since this algorithm re... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
structure descriptions are presented in terms of better known types of semigroups. the best known type of semigroup is the group. a ( necessarily incomplete ) list of various special classes of semigroups is presented below. to the extent possible the defining properties are formulated in terms of the binary operations... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
however, fundamental process ontologies are becoming more important in recent times, because the progress in the discovery of the foundations of physics spurred the development of a basic concept able to integrate such boundary notions as " energy, " " object ", and those of the physical dimensions of space and time. i... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
various object - oriented programming languages offer similar facilities for abstraction, all to support a general strategy of polymorphism in object - oriented programming, which includes the substitution of one type for another in the same or similar role. although not as generally supported, a configuration or image... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics the one - sided limit x β a + means x approaches a from the right ( i. e., right - sided limit ), and x β aβ means x approaches a from the left ( i. e., left - sided limit ). for example, 1 / x β + β { \ displaystyle \ infty } as x β 0 + but 1 / x β β β { \ displaystyle \ infty } as x β 0β. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
define : s = { i : 1 i n, c i 1 = c i 2 }. { \ displaystyle s = \ left \ { i \ : \ 1 \ leqslant i \ leqslant n, c _ { i } ^ { 1 } \ neq c _ { i } ^ { 2 } \ right \ }. } | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in telecommunications, an area code split is the practice of introducing a new telephone area code by geographically dividing an existing numbering plan area ( npa ), and assigning area codes to the resulting divisions, but retaining the existing area code only for one of the divisions. the purpose of this practice is ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
return x n { \ displaystyle \ mathbf { x } _ { n } } as the minimizing position and f ( x n ) { \ displaystyle f ( \ mathbf { x } _ { n } ) } as the function minimum. to assure good behavior, it is necessary that some conditions must be satisfied by p n { \ displaystyle \ mathbf { p } _ { n } }. roughly speaking p n { ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
an arrow β in column next signifies that the rebalancing is complete with this step. if the column after determines exactly one case, this case is given as the subsequent one, otherwise there are question marks. the loop is contained in the sections " insert case i1 " and " insert case i2 ", where in case i2 the proble... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the Ξ± - series process. given a sequence of non - negative random variables : { x k, k = 1, 2, β¦ } { \ displaystyle \ { x _ { k }, k = 1, 2, \ dots \ } }, if they are independent and the cdf of x k k a { \ displaystyle { \ frac { x _ { k } } { k ^ { a } } } } is given by f ( x ) { \ displaystyle f ( x ) } for k = 1, 2,... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, a layered queueing network ( or rendezvous network ) is a queueing network model where the service time for each job at each service node is given by the response time of a queueing network ( and those service times in turn may also be dete... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in some ways it is related to the concepts of place attachment and sense of place. place identity is largely related to the concepts of community formation because it recognizes that geographical spaces do not solely bond a community together but rather there are social bonds that account for community formation. those... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in number theory, the radical of a positive integer n is defined as the product of the distinct prime numbers dividing n. each prime factor of n occurs exactly once as a factor of this product : the radical plays a central role in the statement of the abc conjecture. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
a rival programming - language usage was pioneered by the original version of algol, which was designed in 1958 and implemented in 1960. algol included a relational operator that tested for equality, allowing constructions like if x = 2 with essentially the same meaning of = as the conditional usage in mathematics. the... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the agm framework, a belief set is represented by a deductively closed set of propositional formulae. while such sets are infinite, they can always be finitely representable. however, working with deductively closed sets of formulae leads to the implicit assumption that equivalent belief sets should be considered eq... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
{ \ displaystyle \ | \ nabla v \ | _ { l ^ { 2 } ( \ omega ) } ^ { 2 } = \ | v \ | _ { l ^ { p + 1 } ( \ omega ) } ^ { p + 1 } > 0. } solutions to the original variational problem that lie in the nehari manifold are ( constrained ) minimizers of the energy, and so direct methods in the calculus of variations can be bro... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in software development, distributed version control ( also known as distributed revision control ) is a form of version control in which the complete codebase, including its full history, is mirrored on every developer's computer. compared to centralized version control, this enables automatic management branching and... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in some simple cases, an analysis of the recipe can reveal the maximum production rate and the rate limiting unit. in the process example above if a number of batches or lots of product c are to be produced, it is useful to calculate the minimum time between consecutive batch starts ( cycle - time ). if a batch is allo... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in most cases, place the items in order of usage, with the most - used meanings appearing at the top and less common meanings below. a recommended order is : articles with a clarifier in parentheses ( anticipation ( music ) ) articles with the item as part of the name ( computer keyboard as part of a keyboard dab page ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
one rule to rewrite a term could be applied in many different ways to that term, or more than one rule could be applicable. rewriting systems then do not provide an algorithm for changing one term to another, but a set of possible rule applications. when combined with an appropriate algorithm, however, rewrite systems ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in statistics and probability theory, the median is the value separating the higher half from the lower half of a data sample, a population, or a probability distribution. for a data set, it may be thought of as " the middle " value. the basic feature of the median in describing data compared to the mean ( often simply... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in statistics, an exchangeable sequence of random variables ( also sometimes interchangeable ) is a sequence x1, x2, x3,... ( which may be finitely or infinitely long ) whose joint probability distribution does not change when the positions in the sequence in which finitely many of them appear are altered. thus, for ex... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, a permutation polynomial ( for a given ring ) is a polynomial that acts as a permutation of the elements of the ring, i. e. the map x β¦ g ( x ) { \ displaystyle x \ mapsto g ( x ) } is a bijection. in case the ring is a finite field, the dickson polynomials, which are closely related to the chebyshev po... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
details of the history of this search, as well as the sequences leading to home primes for all other numbers through 100, are maintained at patrick de geest's worldofnumbers website. a wiki primarily associated with the great internet mersenne prime search maintains the complete known data through 1000 in base 10 and a... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in probability theory and statistics, complex random variables are a generalization of real - valued random variables to complex numbers, i. e. the possible values a complex random variable may take are complex numbers. complex random variables can always be considered as pairs of real random variables : their real and... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
for example, per capita income is the arithmetic average income of a nation's population. while the arithmetic mean is often used to report central tendencies, it is not a robust statistic : it is greatly influenced by outliers ( values much larger or smaller than most others ). for skewed distributions, such as the di... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, a matrix of ones or all - ones matrix is a matrix where every entry is equal to one. examples of standard notation are given below : j 2 = ( 1 1 1 1 ) ; j 3 = ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ) ; j 2, 5 = ( 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ) ; j 1, 2 = ( 1 1 ). { \ displaystyle j _ { 2 } = { \ begin { pmatrix } 1 & 1 \ \ 1 & 1 \... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics and computer science, an algorithmic technique is a general approach for implementing a process or computation. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the microsoft dos environment, daemon - like programs were implemented as terminate - and - stay - resident programs ( tsr ). | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, the subderivative, subgradient, and subdifferential generalize the derivative to convex functions which are not necessarily differentiable. subderivatives arise in convex analysis, the study of convex functions, often in connection to convex optimization. let f : i β r { \ displaystyle f : i \ to \ math... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, a unique sink orientation is an orientation of the edges of a polytope such that, in every face of the polytope ( including the whole polytope as one of the faces ), there is exactly one vertex for which all adjoining edges are oriented inward ( i. e. towards that vertex ). if a polytope is given togeth... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
there exist n - ary groups with more than one neutral element. if the set of all neutral elements of an n - ary group is non - empty it forms an n - ary subgroup. some authors include an identity in the definition of an n - ary group but as mentioned above such n - ary operations are just repeated binary operations. gr... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
digits to the right of it are multiplied by 10 raised to a negative power or exponent. the first position to the right of the separator indicates 10β1 ( 0. 1 ), the second position 10β2 ( 0. 01 ), and so on for each successive position. as an example, the number 2674 in a base - 10 numeral system is : ( 2 Γ 103 ) + ( 6... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the cp / m 8 - bit operating system used on early personal computers, the standard dump program would list a file 16 bytes per line with the hex offset at the start of the line and the ascii equivalent of each byte at the end. bytes outside the standard range of printable ascii characters ( 20 to 7e ) would be displ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
as such, this generalizes the same process when done with the lyndon words. hall trees can also be used to give a total order to the elements of a group, via the commutator collecting process, which is a special case of the general construction given below. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, an elliptic curve is a smooth, projective, algebraic curve of genus one, on which there is a specified point o. an elliptic curve is defined over a field k and describes points in k2, the cartesian product of k with itself. if the field's characteristic is different from 2 and 3, then the curve can be d... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
since this relaxation in us export restrictions, and because most personal computers connected to the internet include us - sourced web browsers such as firefox or internet explorer, almost every internet user worldwide has potential access to quality cryptography via their browsers ( e. g., via transport layer securit... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in telephony, call progress tones are audible tones that provide an indication of the status of a telephone call to the user. the tones are generated by a central office or a private branch exchange ( pbx ) to the calling party. telecommunication equipment such as fax machines and modems are designed to recognize certa... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the cost - to - cost method, a project's cost to date is compared to the total expected cost of the project. the costs of products already bought for a contract, but not installed, should not be added in calculating the percentage of completion ( unless they were specifically obtained for that contract ). furthermor... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in particular, unfair coins would have p = 1 / 2. { \ displaystyle p \ neq 1 / 2. } the bernoulli distribution is a special case of the binomial distribution where a single trial is conducted ( so n would be 1 for such a binomial distribution ). it is also a special case of the two - point distribution, for which the p... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
an alternative hypothesis can be defined under which each value Ο i { \ displaystyle ~ \ pi _ { i } ~ } is replaced by its maximum likelihood estimate p i = x i n. { \ displaystyle ~ p _ { i } = { \ frac { \ ; x _ { i } \, } { n } } ~. } | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in number theory, a practical number or panarithmic number is a positive integer n { \ displaystyle n } such that all smaller positive integers can be represented as sums of distinct divisors of n { \ displaystyle n }. for example, 12 is a practical number because all the numbers from 1 to 11 can be expressed as sums o... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the elements of g conventionally have circular symmetry such that e = 0 { \ displaystyle \ mathbb { e } = 0 }. inverse complex wishart the distribution of the inverse complex wishart distribution of y = s β 1 { \ displaystyle \ mathbf { y } = \ mathbf { s ^ { - 1 } } } according to goodman, shaman is f y ( y ) = | y | ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, an m / g / k queue is a queue model where arrivals are markovian ( modulated by a poisson process ), service times have a general distribution and there are k servers. the model name is written in kendall's notation, and is an extension of ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the birthday problem, neither of the two people is chosen in advance. by contrast, the probability q ( n ) that someone in a room of n other people has the same birthday as a particular person ( for example, you ) is given by q ( n ) = 1 β ( 365 β 1 365 ) n { \ displaystyle q ( n ) = 1 - \ left ( { \ frac { 365 - 1 ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the web annotation standard, n annotation is considered to be a set of connected resources, typically including a body and target, and conveys that the body is related to the target. the exact nature of this relationship changes according to the intention of the annotation, but the body is most frequently somehow " ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
there are a number of ways to deal with this. one is to use a pseudo inverse instead of the usual matrix inverse in the above formulae. however, better numeric stability may be achieved by first projecting the problem onto the subspace spanned by Ο b { \ displaystyle \ sigma _ { b } }. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in order to expose bugs, a fuzzer must be able to distinguish expected ( normal ) from unexpected ( buggy ) program behavior. however, a machine cannot always distinguish a bug from a feature. in automated software testing, this is also called the test oracle problem. typically, a fuzzer distinguishes between crashing ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the number of elements in a tamari lattice for a sequence of n + 1 objects is the nth catalan number cn. the tamari lattice can also be described in several other equivalent ways : it is the poset of sequences of n integers a1,..., an, ordered coordinatewise, such that i β€ ai β€ n and if i β€ j β€ ai then aj β€ ai ( huang ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the set of tempered distributions forms a vector subspace of the space of distributions d β² ( u ) { \ displaystyle { \ mathcal { d } } ^ { \ prime } ( u ) } and is thus one example of a space of distributions ; there are many other spaces of distributions. there also exist other major classes of test functions that are... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
. ", which may be denoted " s ", between the various " numerals ". " we must now consider the serial character of the natural numbers in the order 0, 1, 2, 3,. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
otherwise these operations can alter the result of summation. further, the terms of grandi's series can be rearranged to have its accumulation points at any interval of two or more consecutive integer numbers, not only 0 or 1. for instance, the series 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 β 1 β 1 + 1 + 1 β 1 β 1 + 1 + 1 β 1 β 1 + 1 + 1 β ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the overall accuracy would be 95 %, but in more detail the classifier would have a 100 % recognition rate ( sensitivity ) for the cancer class but a 0 % recognition rate for the non - cancer class. f1 score is even more unreliable in such cases, and here would yield over 97. 4 %, whereas informedness removes such bias ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the early 20th century, several electrical engineers intuitively recognized that boolean algebra was analogous to the behavior of certain types of electrical circuits. claude shannon formally proved such behavior was logically equivalent to boolean algebra in his 1937 master's thesis, a symbolic analysis of relay an... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
using a pairing function on Ο ( such as ( n, k ) goes to ( n2 + 2 Β· n Β· k + k2 + n + 3 Β· k ) / 2 ), we can map the powerset of ΟΓΟ into the powerset of Ο. and we can map the powerset of Ο into the cantor set, a subset of the real numbers. so statements about h 1 { \ displaystyle h _ { \ aleph _ { 1 } } } can be convert... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in physics, a zero mode is an eigenvector with a vanishing eigenvalue. in various subfields of physics zero modes appear whenever a physical system possesses a certain symmetry. for example, normal modes of multidimensional harmonic oscillator ( e. g. a system of beads arranged around the circle, connected with springs... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in natural language processing, a corpus is a set of sentences or texts, and a language model is a probability distribution over entire sentences or texts. consequently, in nlp, the more commonly used measure is perplexity per word, defined as : where s 1,... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
numbers of the form mn = 2n β 1 without the primality requirement may be called mersenne numbers. sometimes, however, mersenne numbers are defined to have the additional requirement that n be prime. the smallest composite mersenne number with prime exponent n is 211 β 1 = 2047 = 23 Γ 89. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, the difference of two squares is a squared ( multiplied by itself ) number subtracted from another squared number. every difference of squares may be factored according to the identity a 2 β b 2 = ( a + b ) ( a β b ) { \ displaystyle a ^ { 2 } - b ^ { 2 } = ( a + b ) ( a - b ) } in elementary algebra. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in some languages, class variables and class methods are either statically resolved, not via dynamic dispatch, or their memory statically allocated at compile time ( once for the entire class, as static variables ), not dynamically allocated at run time ( at every instantiation of an object ). in other cases, however, ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the term subscriber trunk dialling is used in the united kingdom, the republic of ireland, australia, india and south east asia. in the uk, the term is obsolescent, better known as the uk area codes. the introduction in the uk of subscriber dialling of long - distance calls removed the distinction that had existed betw... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
if n = 1, then there is roughly one recursive subroutine call for every input, but more generally there is one recursive call for ( roughly ) every n / 2 inputs if the recursion stops at exactly n = n. by making n sufficiently large, the overhead of recursion can be made negligible ( precisely this technique of a large... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
analytic solutions for this mechanism ( also similar to the solution of price ) were presented in 2000 by dorogovtsev, mendes and samukhin and independently by krapivsky, redner, and leyvraz, and later rigorously proved by mathematician bela bollobas. notably, however, this mechanism only produces a specific subset of ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
the trivial case is checking to see whether the return value of a function indicated success or failure, and to therefore cease further processing upon failure. this return value is actually often itself the result of a sanity check. for example, if the function attempted to open, write to, and close a file, a sanity c... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
for an n { \ displaystyle n } - card deck, the number of riffle shuffles needed grows as 1. 5 log 2 n { \ displaystyle 1. 5 \ log _ { 2 } n }. the most developed theory concerns randomized algorithms for # p - complete algorithmic counting problems such as the number of graph colorings of a given n { \ displaystyle n }... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the standard generalized markup language ( sgml ), an entity is a primitive data type, which associates a string with either a unique alias ( such as a user - specified name ) or an sgml reserved word ( such as # default ). entities are foundational to the organizational structure and definition of sgml documents. t... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in mathematics, the dedekind numbers are a rapidly growing sequence of integers named after richard dedekind, who defined them in 1897. the dedekind number m ( n ) is the number of monotone boolean functions of n variables. equivalently, it is the number of antichains of subsets of an n - element set, the number of ele... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in order to be able to meticulously study the english language, an annotated text corpus was much needed. the penn treebank was one of the most used corpora. it consisted of ibm computer manuals, transcribed telephone conversations, and other texts, together containing over 4. 5 million words of american english, annot... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the c programming language, operations can be performed on a bit level using bitwise operators. bitwise operations are contrasted by byte - level operations which characterize the bitwise operators'logical counterparts, the and, or, not operators. instead of performing on individual bits, byte - level operators perf... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in syllogistic logic, there are 256 possible ways to construct categorical syllogisms using the a, e, i, and o statement forms in the square of opposition. of the 256, only 24 are valid forms. of the 24 valid forms, 15 are unconditionally valid, and 9 are conditionally valid. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in system software, a monolithic kernel is an operating system ( os ) architecture where the entire os is working in kernel space. = = references = = | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the derivation of the van cittert β zernike theorem we write the direction cosines l { \ displaystyle l } and m { \ displaystyle m } as 1 2 ( x 1 + x 2 ) / r { \ displaystyle { \ frac { 1 } { 2 } } ( x _ { 1 } + x _ { 2 } ) / r } and 1 2 ( y 1 + y 2 ) / r { \ displaystyle { \ frac { 1 } { 2 } } ( y _ { 1 } + y _ { 2... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in statistics, a maximum - entropy markov model ( memm ), or conditional markov model ( cmm ), is a graphical model for sequence labeling that combines features of hidden markov models ( hmms ) and maximum entropy ( maxent ) models. an memm is a discriminative model that extends a standard maximum entropy classifier by... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in measurement of the i / o performance of five filesystems with five storage configurations β single ssd, raid 0, raid 1, raid 10, and raid 5 it was shown that f2fs on raid 0 and raid 5 with eight ssds outperforms ext4 by 5 times and 50 times, respectively. the measurements also suggest that the raid controller can be... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
francis galton established the first tests in london for measuring iq. he tested thousands of people, examining their physical characteristics as a basis for his results and many of the records remain today. james cattell studied with him, and eventually worked on his own with brass instruments for evaluation. | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
in the belief revision framework, counterfactuals are treated using a formal implementation of the ramsey test. in these systems, a counterfactual a > b holds if and only if the addition of a to the current body of knowledge has b as a consequence. this condition relates counterfactual conditionals to belief revision, ... | https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus |
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