text
stringlengths
1
3.05k
source
stringclasses
4 values
firstly, the page table walker, which uses physical addresses to access the page table and directory, can now access physical addresses greater than the 32 - bit physical addresses ( no pae system ). from the cr3, the page table walker can access page directories and tables that are beyond the 32 - bit range. secondly,...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in model checking, a transition system is sometimes defined to include an additional labeling function for the states as well, resulting in a notion that encompasses that of kripke structure. action languages are extensions of transition systems, adding a set of fluents f, a set of values v, and a function that maps f ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in the " fall revolution " series of science - fiction books, author ken macleod riffs and puns on the expression by writing about entities composed of information actually " wanting ", as in desiring, freedom and the machinations of several human characters with differing political and ideological agendas, to facilita...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
continued fractions have a number of remarkable properties related to the euclidean algorithm for integers or real numbers. every rational number p { \ displaystyle p } / q { \ displaystyle q } has two closely related expressions as a finite continued fraction, whose coefficients ai can be determined by applying the eu...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
it can also be the natural minor scale or aeolian mode with raised third and lowered fifth intervals. it may also be derived from the phrygian dominant scale, but this time, the second is major, while the fifth is diminished.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in situations where software must not crash for any reason, error swallowing is a practice that a programmer can easily fall into. for example, a plugin that is running inside another application is expected to handle all errors and exceptions in such a way as to not crash the application in which it is embedded. blank...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in the above execution scheme, the tasks which correspond to increasing job size are placed in a queue, with the tasks belonging to the largest gang scheduled first, but this method of execution tends to lead to the starvation of resources of smaller jobs and is therefore unfit to be executed in systems where the numbe...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
this is done by treating each count within the size variable as a single sampling unit. samples are then identified by selecting at even intervals among these counts within the size variable.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
another example, coming from formal language theory, is the free semigroup generated by a nonempty set ( an alphabet ), with string concatenation as the binary operation, and the involution being the map which reverses the linear order of the letters in a string. a third example, from basic set theory, is the set of al...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in recent decades, the ski combinator calculus, with only two primitive combinators, k and s, has become the canonical approach to combinatory logic. b, c, and w can be expressed in terms of s and k as follows : b = s ( k s ) k c = s ( s ( k ( s ( k s ) k ) ) s ) ( k k ) k = k w = s s ( s k ) another way is, having def...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in nouns, the thematic vowel is almost always * o, and only becomes * e when there is no ending or when followed by * h₂ in the neuter nominative / accusative plural. here is an example paradigm for * h₂rtkos'bear ', a thematic animate noun, supplemented by the neuter * h₂erh₃trom'plough'for the nominative / accusative...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in the early 21st century a rapid development of ict services and electronical devices took place, in which the internet servers multiplied by a factor of 1000 to 395 million and its still increasing. this increase can be explained by moores law, which states, that the development of ict increases every year by 16 - 20...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
similar forced disclosure laws in australia, finland, france, and india compel individual suspects under investigation to hand over encryption keys or passwords during a criminal investigation. in the united states, the federal criminal case of united states v. fricosu addressed whether a search warrant can compel a pe...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
these conflicts can indicate an hgt event or may be the result of uncertainty in gene tree inference. to reduce uncertainty, bipartition analyses typically focus on strongly supported bipartitions such as those associated with branches with bootstrap values or posterior probabilities above certain thresholds. any gene ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
assuming that the statistical correlation function is gaussian of the form g ( x, y ) = δ 2 exp ( − r 2 σ 2 ) { \ displaystyle g ( x, y ) = \ delta ^ { 2 } \ exp \ left ( - { \ frac { r ^ { 2 } } { \ sigma ^ { 2 } } } \ right ) } where δ { \ displaystyle \ delta } is the root mean square height, r { \ displaystyle r } ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in probability theory, concentration inequalities provide bounds on how a random variable deviates from some value ( typically, its expected value ). the law of large numbers of classical probability theory states that sums of independent random variables are, under very mild conditions, close to their expectation with...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in the case of classical propositional logic, satisfiability is decidable for propositional formulae. in particular, satisfiability is an np - complete problem, and is one of the most intensively studied problems in computational complexity theory.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in telecommunication, a distributed - queue dual - bus network ( dqdb ) is a distributed multi - access network that ( a ) supports integrated communications using a dual bus and distributed queuing, ( b ) provides access to local or metropolitan area networks, and ( c ) supports connectionless data transfer, connectio...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
the computer designs based on this theory were called reduced instruction set computing ( risc ). riscs usually had larger numbers of registers, accessed by simpler instructions, with a few instructions specifically to load and store data to memory. the result was a very simple core cpu running at very high speed, supp...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
.., 2 n } { \ displaystyle = \ { 1, 2,..., 2n \ } }. equivalently, haf ( a ) = m ∈ m ( u, v ) ∈ m a u, v { \ displaystyle \ operatorname { haf } ( a ) = \ sum _ { m \ in { \ mathcal { m } } } \ prod _ { \ scriptscriptstyle ( u, v ) \ in m } a _ { u, v } } where m { \ displaystyle { \ mathcal { m } } } is the set of all...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in mathematics and computer science, a recursive definition, or inductive definition, is used to define the elements in a set in terms of other elements in the set ( aczel 1977 : 740ff ). some examples of recursively - definable objects include factorials, natural numbers, fibonacci numbers, and the cantor ternary set....
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in fact, there exist instances of theoretical non - quantum correlations which, a priori, do not seem physically implausible. the aim of device - independent reconstructions is to show that all such supra - quantum examples are precluded by a reasonable physical principle. the physical principles proposed so far includ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in the case of d = 2 { \ displaystyle d = 2 } the rectangle is represented by ( ( x m i n, y m i n ), ( x m a x, y m a x ) ) { \ displaystyle \, ( ( x _ { min }, y _ { min } ), ( x _ { max }, y _ { max } ) ) } and the mbr thus four corners ( x m i n, y m i n, x m a x, y m a x ) { \ displaystyle \, ( x _ { min }, y _ { ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
as well, in yes / no questions, the non - manual marking must be used over the whole utterance in order for it to be judged as a statement opposed to a question. the yes / no question is the same word order as the statement form of the sentence, with the addition of non - manual grammatical markings. this can be seen i...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in mathematics, the simon problems ( or simon's problems ) are a series of fifteen questions posed in the year 2000 by barry simon, an american mathematical physicist. inspired by other collections of mathematical problems and open conjectures, such as the famous list by david hilbert, the simon problems concern quantu...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in telecommunications, 6g is the sixth generation mobile system standard currently under development for wireless communications technologies supporting cellular data networks. it is the planned successor to 5g and will likely be significantly faster. like its predecessors, 6g networks will probably be broadband cellul...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in mathematics, a composition ring, introduced in ( adler 1962 ), is a commutative ring ( r, 0, +, −, · ), possibly without an identity 1 ( see non - unital ring ), together with an operation ∘ : r × r → r { \ displaystyle \ circ : r \ times r \ rightarrow r } such that, for any three elements f, g, h ∈ r { \ displayst...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
when the transfer function method is used, attention is focused on the locations in the s - plane where the transfer function is undefined ( the poles ) or zero ( the zeroes ; see zeroes and poles ). two different transfer functions are of interest to the designer. if the feedback loops in the system are opened ( that ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
conversely, the os may deny access, and thus neither open the file nor return a handle. in a capability - based system, handles can be passed between processes, with associated access rights.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
then for any observable f { \ displaystyle f } in the domain of l { \ displaystyle l }, one has l f ( η ) = λ ξ : ξ λ c = η λ c c λ ( η, d ξ ) { \ displaystyle lf ( \ eta ) = \ sum _ { \ lambda } \ int _ { \ xi : \ xi _ { \ lambda ^ { c } } = \ eta _ { \ lambda ^ { c } } } c _ { \ lambda } ( \ eta, d \ xi ) }. for exam...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
the target can be identified by an uri ( e. g., fragment identifiers ) and / or a selector that defines a domain -, resource - or application - specific access protocol, e. g., offset - based, xpath - based, etc. web annotation was standardized on february 23, 2017 with the release of three official recommendations by ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
electromagnetism has been studied since ancient times. many ancient civilizations, including the greeks and the mayans created wide - ranging theories to explain lightning, static electricity, and the attraction between magnetized pieces of iron ore. however, it wasn't until the late 18th century that scientists began ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
this derived directly from the hardware design of the intel 8086 ( and, subsequently, the closely related 8088 ), which had exactly 20 address pins. ( both were packaged in 40 - pin dip packages ; even with only 20 address lines, the address and data buses were multiplexed to fit all the address and data lines within t...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in mathematics the signal - to - noise statistic distance between two vectors a and b with mean values μ a { \ displaystyle \ mu _ { a } } and μ b { \ displaystyle \ mu _ { b } } and standard deviation σ a { \ displaystyle \ sigma _ { a } } and σ b { \ displaystyle \ sigma _ { b } } respectively is : d s n = ( μ a − μ ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in mathematics, the moore determinant is a determinant defined for hermitian matrices over a quaternion algebra, introduced by moore ( 1922 ).
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in the u. s., new york is the only state that does not allow peer - to - peer car rental because the owner cannot exclude him or herself from liability to a renter.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in the first two stages of the algorithm, the time complexity is o ( n2l + nl2 ), the space complexity is o ( n2 + nl + l2 ). the refinement stage adds to the time complexity another term, o ( n3l ). muscle is often used as a replacement for clustal, since it usually ( but not always ) gives better sequence alignments,...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
by failing to check the length of the string, it also overwrites the value of b : b's value has now been inadvertently replaced by a number formed from part of the character string. in this example " e " followed by a zero byte would become 25856. writing data past the end of allocated memory can sometimes be detected ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
15 ; 2009, c. 13 ; 2010, c. 15.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
these applications are elaborated below. but an illustrative note bears adding here. it is sometimes claimed that what is at issue in these problems is the supervenience claim itself.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
for a concrete example, take the universal and existential quantifiers and, respectively. their truth conditions can be specified as a x a, x, a ∈ a { \ displaystyle a \ models \ forall x \ phi \ iff \ phi ^ { a, x, { \ bar { a } } } \ in \ forall _ { a } } a x a, x, a ∈ a, { \ displaystyle a \ models \ exists x \ phi ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in most physical and biological sciences, the use of either quantitative or qualitative methods is uncontroversial, and each is used when appropriate. in the social sciences, particularly in sociology, social anthropology and psychology, the use of one or other type of method can be a matter of controversy and even ide...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in probability theory, ville's inequality provides an upper bound on the probability that a supermartingale exceeds a certain value. the inequality is named after jean ville, who proved it in 1939. the inequality has applications in statistical testing.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in the first - order logic of graphs, a graph property is expressed as a quantified logical sentence whose variables represent graph vertices, with predicates for equality and adjacency testing.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in some computer programming languages, the size in bits of certain data types 64 - bit computing a 64 - bit integer can represent up to 18, 446, 744, 073, 709, 551, 616 values. base 64 is used in with base64 encoding and other data compression formats. in 8 - bit home computers, a common shorthand for the commodore 64...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
for the rest of the time, the mobile can carry out measurements on the network, detecting surrounding transmitters on different frequencies. this allows safe inter frequency handovers, something which is difficult in cdma systems, not supported at all in is - 95 and supported through complex system additions in univers...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
α → ( α r e f )! : α. ( α r e f ) → α : = : α.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in mathematics, a recurrent word or sequence is an infinite word over a finite alphabet in which every factor occurs infinitely many times. an infinite word is recurrent if and only if it is a sesquipower. a uniformly recurrent word is a recurrent word in which for any given factor x in the sequence, there is some leng...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in some nonlinear systems, parameters are explicit. in others they are implicit, and the system of nonlinear equations is written f ( u ) = 0 { \ displaystyle f ( \ mathbf { u } ) = 0 } where u { \ displaystyle \ mathbf { u } } is an n - vector, and its image f ( u ) { \ displaystyle f ( \ mathbf { u } ) } is an n - 1 ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
an advantage of these methods is that in the favorable cases it can find the exact value of the joint spectral radius and provide a certificate that this is the exact value. the second family of methods approximate the extremal norm with modern optimization techniques, such as ellipsoid norm approximation, semidefinite...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
different theorists have different categorizations and conceptualizations of defence mechanisms. large reviews of theories of defence mechanisms are available from paulhus, fridhandler and hayes ( 1997 ) and cramer ( 1991 ). the journal of personality published a special issue on defence mechanisms ( 1998 ).
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in the early decades of telegraphy, many efficiency improvements were incorporated into operations. the morse code itself was one of these : it roughly coded more commonly used symbols into shorter keying sequences, and the rare ones into longer, thus leading to data compression online. the introduction of morse symbol...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
most cb operators prefer to use self - assigned handles reflecting some aspect of their personality ; it is generally considered a breach of cb etiquette to use real names, even that of the user. family radio service and multi - use radio service have no station identification requirement, though groups of individual u...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in modern management usage, the term data is increasingly replaced by information or even knowledge in a non - technical context. thus data management has become information management or knowledge management. this trend obscures the raw data processing and renders interpretation implicit.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in probability theory and statistics, skewness is a measure of the asymmetry of the probability distribution of a real - valued random variable about its mean. the skewness value can be positive, zero, negative, or undefined. for a unimodal distribution, negative skew commonly indicates that the tail is on the left sid...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
the need to convert a and b into montgomery form and their product out of montgomery form means that computing a single product by montgomery multiplication is slower than the conventional or barrett reduction algorithms. however, when performing many multiplications in a row, as in modular exponentiation, intermediate...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in software deployment, an environment or tier is a computer system or set of systems in which a computer program or software component is deployed and executed. in simple cases, such as developing and immediately executing a program on the same machine, there may be a single environment, but in industrial use, the dev...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in some languages, affricates contrast phonemically with stop – fricative sequences : polish affricate / / in czysta'clean ( f. )'versus stop – fricative / tʂ / in trzysta'three hundred '. klallam affricate / ts / in k'ʷənc'look at me'versus stop – fricative / ts / in k'ʷənts'he looks at it '. the exact phonetic differ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in tensor notation, the triple product is expressed using the levi - civita symbol : and referring to the i { \ displaystyle i } - th component of the resulting vector. this can be simplified by performing a contraction on the levi - civita symbols, ε i j k ε k ℓ m = δ i j ℓ m = δ i ℓ δ j m − δ i m δ j ℓ, { \ displayst...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in the problem, each machine provides a random reward from a probability distribution specific to that machine, that is not known a - priori. the objective of the gambler is to maximize the sum of rewards earned through a sequence of lever pulls. the crucial tradeoff the gambler faces at each trial is between " exploit...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in most illustrations of the gambler's fallacy and the reverse gambler's fallacy, the trial ( e. g. flipping a coin ) is assumed to be fair. in practice, this assumption may not hold. for example, if a coin is flipped 21 times, the probability of 21 heads with a fair coin is 1 in 2, 097, 152. since this probability is ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in proto - writing, used for inventories and the like, physical objects are represented by stylized or conventionalized pictures, or pictograms. for example, the pictorial dongba symbols without geba annotation cannot represent the naxi language, but are used as a mnemonic for reciting oral literature. some systems als...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
the problem is these samples may be biased in a way that is difficult to quantify or adjust for. for example, if interviewers decide to question the first person they see, they may oversample tall respondents ( who are more easily visible from a distance ), which could lead to an overestimate of average income. this no...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
analysis focuses not only on linguistic forms such as words, sentences, grammar, phonology, etc. but also on subtle cues such as prosody and register that signal contextual presupposition. linguistic based analysis is not the only component that is useful for establishing instances of interactional sociolinguistics. cu...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in probability and statistics, a nearest neighbor function, nearest neighbor distance distribution, nearest - neighbor distribution function or nearest neighbor distribution is a mathematical function that is defined in relation to mathematical objects known as point processes, which are often used as mathematical mode...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in probability theory and directional statistics, a wrapped exponential distribution is a wrapped probability distribution that results from the " wrapping " of the exponential distribution around the unit circle.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
both alice and bob announce these bits publicly and run a check to see if more than a certain number of them agree. if this check passes, alice and bob proceed to use privacy amplification and information reconciliation techniques to create some number of shared secret keys.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
random variables. that is, there are underlying, generally unobservable, quantities that are i. i. d. – exchangeable sequences are mixtures of i. i. d. sequences.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
the fact that particles can be identical has important consequences in statistical mechanics, where calculations rely on probabilistic arguments, which are sensitive to whether or not the objects being studied are identical. as a result, identical particles exhibit markedly different statistical behaviour from distingu...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
the graph referred to is the graph with n vertices, with vertices i and j connected by an edge when a i j = 0 { \ displaystyle a _ { ij } \ neq 0 }, and the degree is the degree of the vertices. a crucial aspect of such algorithms is a tie breaking strategy when there is a choice of renumbering resulting in the same de...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in mathematics — specifically, in ergodic theory — a maximising measure is a particular kind of probability measure. informally, a probability measure μ is a maximising measure for some function f if the integral of f with respect to μ is " as big as it can be ". the theory of maximising measures is relatively young an...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in mathematics, a skeleton of a category is a subcategory that, roughly speaking, does not contain any extraneous isomorphisms. in a certain sense, the skeleton of a category is the " smallest " equivalent category, which captures all " categorical properties " of the original. in fact, two categories are equivalent if...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in selective attention experiments, the participants may be asked to repeat aloud the content of the message they are listening to. this task is known as shadowing. as colin cherry ( 1953 ) found, people do not recall the shadowed message well, suggesting that most of the processing necessary to shadow the attended to ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in mass spectrometry, a matrix is a compound that promotes the formation of ions. matrix compounds are used in matrix - assisted laser desorption / ionization ( maldi ), matrix - assisted ionization ( mai ), and fast atom bombardment ( fab ).
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in cases where negative values arise, the mean of the data provides a better fit to the outcomes than do the fitted function values, according to this particular criterion. the coefficient of determination can be more ( intuitively ) informative than mae, mape, mse, and rmse in regression analysis evaluation, as the fo...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in mathematics, the formal derivative is an operation on elements of a polynomial ring or a ring of formal power series that mimics the form of the derivative from calculus. though they appear similar, the algebraic advantage of a formal derivative is that it does not rely on the notion of a limit, which is in general ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in the united kingdom, ofcom directs fixed - line telephone network providers, mobile phone providers and broadband service providers to provide number portability under the porting authorisation code rules and migration authorisation code code of practice respectively. as the uk was an eu member country, the ofcom dir...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
the general data protection regulation ( gdpr ) is an example of this. in other places, like in the united states, privacy law is argued by some to be less developed in this regard. by example, some legislation, or lack thereof, allow companies to self - regulate their collection and dissemination practices of consumer...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
for example, ( b 1 ) 3 = b 1 × b 1 × b 1 = b 1 + 1 + 1 = b 3 { \ displaystyle ( b ^ { 1 } ) ^ { 3 } = b ^ { 1 } \ times b ^ { 1 } \ times b ^ { 1 } = b ^ { 1 + 1 + 1 } = b ^ { 3 } }. taking the cube root of both sides gives b 1 = b { \ displaystyle b ^ { 1 } = b }. the rule that multiplying makes exponents add can also...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in probability theory, hoeffding's inequality provides an upper bound on the probability that the sum of bounded independent random variables deviates from its expected value by more than a certain amount. hoeffding's inequality was proven by wassily hoeffding in 1963. hoeffding's inequality is a special case of the az...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in mathematics, landau's function g ( n ), named after edmund landau, is defined for every natural number n to be the largest order of an element of the symmetric group sn. equivalently, g ( n ) is the largest least common multiple ( lcm ) of any partition of n, or the maximum number of times a permutation of n element...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
if all numerators are 1 in a fraction written in this form, and all denominators are different from each other, the result is an egyptian fraction representation of the number. this notation was also sometimes combined with the composite fraction notation : two composite fractions written next to each other would repre...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in statistics, compositional data are quantitative descriptions of the parts of some whole, conveying relative information. mathematically, compositional data is represented by points on a simplex. measurements involving probabilities, proportions, percentages, and ppm can all be thought of as compositional data.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
the exclusive constraint states that at most one of the causes 1 and 2 can be true, i. e. both cannot be true simultaneously. the inclusive ( at least one ) constraint states that at least one of the causes 1, 2 or 3 must be true, i. e. all cannot be false simultaneously. the one and only one ( oaoo or simply o ) const...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in set theory, the schroder – bernstein theorem states that, if there exist injective functions f : a → b and g : b → a between the sets a and b, then there exists a bijective function h : a → b. in terms of the cardinality of the two sets, this classically implies that if | a | ≤ | b | and | b | ≤ | a |, then | a | = ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
a tolerable idea may be given of the danger of too great a multiplicity of vulgar names, by imagining what geography would be, or, for instance, the post - office administration, supposing every town had a totally different name in every language. various bodies and the authors of many technical and semi - technical bo...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
for example, a microphone converts an acoustic signal to a voltage waveform, and a speaker does the reverse. another important property of a signal is its entropy or information content. information theory serves as the formal study of signals and their content. the information of a signal is often accompanied by noise...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in most of the alphabets of india and southeast asia, vowels are indicated through diacritics or modification of the shape of the consonant. these are called abugidas. some abugidas, such as ethiopic and cree, are learned by children as syllabaries, and so are often called " syllabics ". however, unlike true syllabarie...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in the linux operating system, jfs is supported with the kernel module ( since the kernel version 2. 4. 18pre9 - ac4 ) and the complementary userspace utilities packaged under the name jfsutils. most linux distributions support jfs unless it is specifically removed due to space restrictions, such as on live cds. accord...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in the 1950s and 1960s, travel on an " air ferry " was possible — airplanes, often ex - military, specially equipped to take a small number of cars in addition to foot passengers. these operated various routes including between the united kingdom and continental europe. companies operating such services included channe...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in mathematics, a catalan pseudoprime is an odd composite number n satisfying the congruence ( − 1 ) n − 1 2 ⋅ c n − 1 2 ≡ 2 ( mod n ), { \ displaystyle ( - 1 ) ^ { \ frac { n - 1 } { 2 } } \ cdot c _ { \ frac { n - 1 } { 2 } } \ equiv 2 { \ pmod { n } }, } where cm denotes the m - th catalan number. the congruence als...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in some important economic applications, the relevant change in the constraint set cannot be easily understood as an increase with respect to the strong set order and so theorem 3 cannot be easily applied. for example, consider a consumer who maximizes a utility function u : x → r { \ displaystyle u : x \ to \ mathbb {...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
doug laney, vice president and analyst at gartner, conducted research on wall street valued companies, which found that companies that had become information - centric, treating data as an asset, often had market - to - book values two to three times higher than the norm. on the topic, laney commented : " even as we ar...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in recreational mathematics, arithmetic billiards provide a geometrical method to determine the least common multiple and the greatest common divisor of two natural numbers by making use of reflections inside a rectangle whose sides are the two given numbers. this is an easy example of trajectory analysis of dynamical ...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
the term relates to the notion that the improved estimate is made closer to the value supplied by the'other information'than the raw estimate. in this sense, shrinkage is used to regularize ill - posed inference problems. shrinkage is implicit in bayesian inference and penalized likelihood inference, and explicit in ja...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
this process is known as dead reckoning. the accuracy and precision of the different prss is not the same.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in modular arithmetic, a number g is a primitive root modulo n if every number a coprime to n is congruent to a power of g modulo n. that is, g is a primitive root modulo n if for every integer a coprime to n, there is some integer k for which gk ≡ a ( mod n ). such a value k is called the index or discrete logarithm o...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
moreover, attempts to falsify a claim, by replicating an experiment, are hard and problematic for it involves tacit knowledge ( i. e. unarticulated knowledge ), matters of time and money and replication of exact similar conditions, which is hard. tacit knowledge can never be fully articulated or translated into a set o...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
in mathematics and computer science, symbolic - numeric computation is the use of software that combines symbolic and numeric methods to solve problems.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus
if t denotes the entry in the table for nonterminal a and terminal a, then t contains the rule a → w if and only if a is in fi ( w ) or ε is in fi ( w ) and a is in fo ( a ). equivalently : t contains the rule a → w for each a ∈ fi ( w ) · fo ( a ). if the table contains at most one rule in every one of its cells, then...
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/conjuring92/wiki-stem-corpus