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Kopp-Etchells effect This may cause difficulty with landing safely, and produce spatial disorientation. With repeated exposure, the Kopp–Etchells effect could damage night vision gear. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24012524 |
Akrochordite is an exceptionally rare hydrated hydrous arsenate mineral of the formula (Mn,Mg)(AsO)(OH)4HO and represents a small group of rare in the nature manganese (Mn) arsenates and, similarly to most other Mn-bearing arsenates, possess pinkish colour. It is typically associated with metamorphic Mn deposits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24020274 |
Andyrobertsite is a rare, complex arsenate mineral with a blue color. It is found in the Tsumeb mine in Namibia and named after Andrew C. Roberts (b. 1950), mineralogist with the Geological Survey of Canada. A Ca-rich analogue (with Ca instead of Cd) is called calcioandyrobertsite and has a more greenish tint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24020907 |
Petr Wolfgang Wygodzinsky (5 October 1916, in Bonn – 27 January 1987, in Middletown, New York) was a German entomologist who worked in Argentina, Brazil, and the United States. (Alternate spellings of his name include Peter Wygodzinsky and Pedro Wygodzinsky.) He is especially known for his work on the hemipteran family... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24029784 |
Parallactic angle In spherical astronomy, the parallactic angle is the angle between the great circle through a celestial object and the zenith, and the hour circle of the object. It is usually denoted "q". In the triangle zenith—object—celestial pole, the parallactic angle will be the position angle of the zenith at t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24041279 |
Parallactic angle The cardinal points referred to here are the points on the limb located such that a line from the center of the disk through them will point to one of the celestial poles or 90° away from them; these are not the cardinal points defined by the object's axis of rotation. The orientation of the disk of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24041279 |
Parallactic angle In the equatorial system of right ascension and declination the star is at In the same coordinate system the zenith is found by inserting , into the transformation formulas where is the observer's geographic latitude, the star's altitude, The normalized cross product is the rotation axis that turns th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24041279 |
Hour circle In astronomy, the hour circle, which together with declination and distance (from the planet's centre of mass) determines the location of any celestial object, is the great circle through the object and the two celestial poles. As such, it is a higher concept than the meridian as defined in astronomy, which... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24041303 |
Hour circle The hour circles (meridians) are measured in hours (or hours, minutes, and seconds); one rotation (360°) is equivalent to 24 hours; 1 hour is equivalent to 15°. An astronomical meridian follows the same concept and, almost precisely, the orientation of a meridian (also known as longitude) on a globe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24041303 |
Handbook of Porphyrin Science Published by World Scientific, the Handbook of Porphyrin Science: With Applications to Chemistry, Physics, Materials Science, Engineering, Biology and Medicine is a multi-volume reference set edited by scientists Karl Kadish, Kevin Smith and Roger Guilard. The first ten volumes were publis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24041315 |
Damped Lyman-alpha system Damped Lyman alpha systems or Damped Lyman alpha absorption systems is a term used by astronomers for concentrations of neutral hydrogen gas that are detected in the spectra of quasars – a class of distant Active Galactic Nuclei. They are defined to be systems where the column density (density... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24053946 |
Spencer Lister Sir Frederick (8 April 1876 – 6 September 1939) was an English-born South African doctor and bacteriologist. Lister was born in Norwell, Nottinghamshire. In 1897 he joined West Hertfordshire Football Club (later Watford Football Club) as an amateur association football player, making twelve appearances a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24055988 |
Houben-Weyl Methods of Organic Chemistry (Ger. "Methoden der Organischen Chemie") established in 1909 by the German chemist Theodor Weyl, is a classic chemistry text. It consisted initially of two volumes and covered literature published as early as 1834. Heinrich J. Houben revised and reissued it in 1913. It is consid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24063825 |
Mixed-mating model The mixed-mating model is a mathematical model that describes the mating system of a plant population in terms of degree of self-fertilisation. It is a fairly simplistic model, employing several simplifying assumptions, most notably the assumption that every fertilisation event may be classed as eith... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24065513 |
London Bioscience Innovation Centre LBIC, the London BioScience Innovation Centre is a hub providing laboratory and office facilities for biotech start-up companies based in Central London. LBIC, the London BioScience Innovation Centre, was created in 2000 as a response to the shortage of accommodation for life science... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24065580 |
Effective selfing model The effective selfing model is a mathematical model that describes the mating system of a plant population in terms of the degree of self-fertilisation present. It was developed in the 1980s by Kermit Ritland, as an alternative to the simplistic mixed mating model. The mixed mating model assumes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24073609 |
Effective selfing model Therefore, just as with the mixed mating model, in the effective selfing model there is only one parameter to be estimated. However this parameter, termed the effective selfing rate, is often a more accurate measure of the proportion of self-fertilisation than the corresponding parameter in the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24073609 |
Max Poll Max Fernand Leon Poll (21 July 1908 – 13 March 1991) was a Belgian ichthyologist who specialised in the Cichlidae. In the years 1946 and 1947 he organised an expedition to Lake Tanganyika. He has described several species of Pseudocrenilabrinae, such as "Lamprologus signatus", "Steatocranus casuarius", "Neolam... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24074617 |
Pollinator exclusion experiment Pollinator exclusion experiments are experiments used by ecologists to determine the effectiveness of putative plant pollination vectors. Essentially, certain pollinators are prevented from visiting certain flowers, and observations are then made on which flowers develop seeds. If the ex... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24075281 |
David J. Gower is a palaeontologist. Before making his debut for the Strongroom CC in 2000, he was a herpetology researcher at the Museum of Natural History in London. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24077640 |
Lodos The lodos is the strong south-westerly wind which may predominate episodically in the Aegean Sea and Marmara Sea as well as the Mediterranean coast of Turkey all the year round; it frequently raises high seas and may give violent westerly squalls. The word "lodos" is Turkish, coming from Greek word "Notus", and o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24108802 |
Lodos If lodos persists for more than a day, these mineral-rich dusts cause headaches, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases. During strong lodos winds, especially in December, large vessels are warned against crossing the Bosphorus Strait and at times, the strait is closed to all naval traffic due to lodos shiftin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24108802 |
Chinese Nuclear Society The (CNS; 中国核学会) is a non-profit organization representing individuals contributing to and supporting nuclear science, nuclear technology and nuclear engineering in China. It was established in 1980. Its objective is to promote the advancement and peaceful use of nuclear science and technology, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24113755 |
Chinese Nuclear Society The Society has 7 committees carrying our specified functions of the Society, 20 technical divisions enhancing activities in specific areas of nuclear science and technology, 20 provincial branches serving members in geographical provinces. Committees: scientific exchange committee, public commu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24113755 |
Walter Minder (August 6, 1905 – April 1, 1992) was a Swiss mineralogist and chemist. He together with Alice Leigh-Smith announced the discovery of element 85 (now called astatine) in 1940 and 1942. He proposed the name helvetium in 1940 and anglohelvetium in 1942 for the new element. Later it was proven that in fact he... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24119248 |
Algae bioreactor An algae bioreactor is used for cultivating micro or macro algae. Algae may be cultivated for the purposes of biomass production (as in a seaweed cultivator), wastewater treatment, CO fixation, or aquarium/pond filtration in the form of an algae scrubber. Algae bioreactors vary widely in design, fallin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24128922 |
Algae bioreactor The goal of all this research has been the cultivation of algae to produce a cheap animal feed. Nowadays 3 basic types of algae photobioreactors have to be differentiated, but the determining factor is the unifying parameter – the available intensity of sunlight energy. A plate reactor simply consists ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24128922 |
Algae bioreactor The introduction of gas takes place at the bottom of the column and causes a turbulent stream to enable an optimum gas exchange. At present these types of reactors are built with a maximum diameter of 20 cm to 30 cm in order to ensure the required supply of sunlight energy. The biggest problem with the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24128922 |
Algae bioreactor Generally, the consumption of algae should be minimal because of the high iodine content, particularly problematic for those with hyperthyroidism. Likewise, many species of diatomaceous algae produce compounds unsafe for humans. The algae, especially some species which contain over 50 percent oil and a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24128922 |
Kodecyte A kodecyte (ko•de•cyte) is a living cell that has been modified (koded) by the incorporation of one or more function-spacer-lipid constructs (FSL constructs) to gain a new or novel biological, chemical or technological function. The cell is modified by the lipid tail of the FSL construct incorporating into the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24135147 |
Kodecyte As FSL constructs are anchored in the membrane via a lipid tail (L) it is believed they do not participate in signal transduction, but may be designed to act as agonists or antagonists of the initial binding event. FSL constructs will not actively pass through the plasma membrane but may enter the cell via mem... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24135147 |
Kodecyte To view a simple video explaining how Kode Technology works, click the following link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TIbjAl5KYpA FSL constructs, when in solution (saline) and in contact, will spontaneously incorporate into cell membranes. The methodology involves simply preparing a solution of FSL construct(... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24135147 |
Kodecyte The resultant kodecytes do not required to be washed, however this option should be considered if an excess of FSL construct is used in the koding process. Kodecytes can also be created "in vivo" by injection of constructs directly into the circulation. However this process will modify all cells in contact wit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24135147 |
Kodecyte However, freeze cut or formalin-fixed freeze cut tissues are required because the lipid based FSL constructs (and other glycolipids) will be leached from the "kodecytes" in paraffin imbedded samples during the deparaffination steps. Koded membranes are described by the construct and the concentration of FSL (i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24135147 |
Kodecyte It has also been intravascularly infused for in vivo modification of blood cells and neutralisation of circulating antibodies and in "in vivo" imaging of circulating bone marrow kodecytes in zebrafish. Kode FSL constructs have also been applied to non-biological surfaces such as modified cellulose, paper, sili... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24135147 |
Helvetium was the suggested name of chemical element number 85, now known as astatine, given to it by the Swiss chemist Walter Minder. Walter Minder announced the discovery in 1940. He chose the name based on "Helvetia", the Latin name for Switzerland, to honor his country of birth. In the year 1942 he together with Al... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24140523 |
Mache (unit) Mache (symbol ME from German Mache-Einheit, plural Maches) is an obsolete unit of volumic radioactivity named for the Austrian physicist Heinrich Mache. It was defined as the quantity of radon (ignoring its daughter isotopes; in practice, mostly radon-222) per litre of air which ionises a sustained current... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24142585 |
Columella (botany) Columella (in plants) is an axis of sterile tissue which passes through the center of the spore-case of mosses. The term columella is also used to refer to story 1 to story 4 (S1 - S4) cells in the root cap located apically of the quiescent centre. In fungi it refers to central vacuolated part in hyp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24161202 |
Cyclic flower A cyclic flower is a flower type formed out of a series of whorls; sets of identical organs attached around the axis at the same point. Most flowers consist of a single whorl of sepals termed a calyx; a single whorl of petals termed a corolla; one or more whorls of stamens (together termed the androecium)... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24162663 |
Allargentum is a mineral from the class of antimonides, superclass of sulfides and sulfosalts (sometimes ascribed to the natural elements and alloys class), with formula written as AgSb, where x = 0.09–0.16. This moderately rare mineral is found in silver ores and is therefore named from the Greek ἄλλος ("allos", "anot... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24164156 |
Degradation (geology) In geology, degradation refers to the lowering of a fluvial surface, such as a stream bed or floodplain, through erosional processes. Degradation is the opposite of aggradation. Degradation is characteristic of channel networks in which either bedrock erosion is taking place, or in systems that ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24169775 |
The Cold and the Dark The Cold and the Dark: The World after Nuclear War is a 1984 book by Paul R. Ehrlich, Carl Sagan, Donald Kennedy, and Walter Orr Roberts. It makes dramatic long lasting climate predictions of the effect a nuclear winter would have on the Earth, an event that is suggested by the authors to follow b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24170630 |
Adnation in Angiosperms is the fusion of two or more whorls of a flower, e.g. stamens to petals". This is in contrast to connation, the fusion among a single whorl. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24172372 |
Sequanium was the proposed name for a new element found by the Romanian physicist Horia Hulubei in 1939. The name derived from the Latin word Sequana for the river Seine running through Paris where Hulubei worked at that time. Hulubei thought he had discovered element 93 in a tantalite sample from the French region Hau... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24180148 |
Sinlap is a circular depression on Titan, a natural satellite of Saturn. is centred at 11,3° latitude north and 16,0° longitude west, and measures 80 km in diameter. was discovered by the images transmitted by "Cassini". It is named after a Jingpo spirit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24181217 |
Yuri A. Barbanel (also Yuri A. Barbanel’, Yury Abramovich Barbanel) (8 April 1935 – 2 August 2016) was a distinguished Russian chemist born in 1935 in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg). He obtained a Master of Science in chemistry from A. A. Zhdanov Leningrad State University, now Saint Petersburg State University, in 195... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24198988 |
Headington stone is a limestone from the Headington Quarry area of Oxford, England. Around 160 million years ago, during the Late Jurassic period, Britain was located further south and was submerged beneath a subtropical sea. The warm conditions meant that coral reefs could flourish. When the coral died, it was buried ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24215538 |
Keiichi Aichi Aichi was born in Tokyo in 1880 and studied theoretical physics at University of Tokyo. He graduated in 1903 and in 1905 moved to Kyoto where he became an assistant professor at Kyoto University. Between 1908 and 1911 he studied in Germany and in 1912 defended his PhD at Tohoku Imperial University with re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24221301 |
Traité Élémentaire de Chimie Traité élémentaire de chimie (Elementary Treatise on Chemistry) is a textbook written by Antoine Lavoisier published in 1789 and translated into English by Robert Kerr in 1790 under the title Elements of Chemistry in a New Systematic Order containing All the Modern Discoveries. It is consid... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24232670 |
Traité Élémentaire de Chimie The elements given by Lavoisier are: light, caloric, oxygen, azote (nitrogen), hydrogen, sulphur, phosphorous (phosphorus), charcoal, muriatic radical (chloride), fluoric radical (fluoride), boracic radical, antimony, arsenic, bismuth, cobalt, copper, gold, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24232670 |
Enhydro agate Enhydro agates are nodules, agates, or geodes with water trapped inside its cavity. Enhydros are closely related to fluid inclusions, but are composed of chalcedony. The formation of enhydros is still an ongoing process, with specimens dated back to the Eocene Epoch. They are commonly found in areas with ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24233854 |
Kenneth Ruud (born 16 September 1969) is a Norwegian chemist. He is a professor of chemistry at the University of Tromsø. He is author or coauthor of more than 150 scientific articles and director of the Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry in Tromsø. In 2008, he was the recipient of the Dirac medal from ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24241408 |
Stratotype A stratotype or type section is a geological term that names the physical location or outcrop of a particular reference exposure of a stratigraphic sequence or stratigraphic boundary. If the stratigraphic unit is layered, it is called a stratotype, whereas the standard of reference for unlayered rocks is the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24242250 |
Master of biological sciences A Master of Science in Biological Sciences is a specific degree to a Master's Degree in the field of the Biological Sciences. This is a higher degree taken up in the Graduate School provided by a university. This degree is usually specific to those who have accomplished their undergraduate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24260834 |
Sand geyser A sand geyser, sand fountain or sand blow is a geologic phenomena which occurs in association with earthquakes and other seismic events. In the geologic record, these are seen as clastic dikes. It is described as "a geyser of sand and water that shoots from the ground during a major earthquake." A quake can... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24281365 |
MCAG group The is a group of Mycobacteria. It includes Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium abscessus. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24305930 |
Skynd (crater) Skynd is a crater on the surface of Uranus' moon Umbriel. It is estimated to be between 72 and 110 km in diameter. Its center is located at . Skynd has a bright central or near central peak, which is one of the few bright albedo features on Umbriel that noticeably stands out against Umbriel's low albedo.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24338056 |
Iquitos Satellite Laboratory (IQTLAB) The was established in 2002 in the city of Iquitos, Peru by doctor Margaret Kosek, biologist Maribel Paredes Olortegui, and nurse Pablo Peñataro Yori, with the collaboration of the Dr. Robert Gilman working group in Lima, Peru and the US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6) ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24358006 |
Iquitos Satellite Laboratory (IQTLAB) In addition to the laboratory, IQTLAB provides a vast array of support for scientific data collection, including GPS/GIS data collection, survey data collection, satellite image processing, and climate conditions (strategic deployment of weather monitoring systems). IQTLAB currentl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24358006 |
Charged Aerosol Release Experiment The also known as CARE, is a project run by NASA which will use a rocket to release dust in the upper atmosphere to form a dusty plasma in space. The clouds thus generated are intended to simulate naturally occurring phenomena called noctilucent clouds, which are the highest clouds in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24368723 |
Network covalent bonding A network solid or covalent network solid is a chemical compound (or element) in which the atoms are bonded by covalent bonds in a continuous network extending throughout the material. In a network solid there are no individual molecules, and the entire crystal or amorphous solid may be conside... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24369901 |
Sumihiko Hatusima Hatsushima was born in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan in 1906. His tertiary studies and early lectureship was at Kyushu Imperial University, where he was awarded a doctorate in 1942. He accompanied Ryōzō Kanehira on a collecting expedition in New Guinea in 1940. Hatsushima returned to Austronesia in a col... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24374551 |
Quaternary Geochronology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal addressing methods and results in the dating of samples from the Quaternary Period. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24376818 |
North polar sequence The is a group of 96 stars that was used to define stellar magnitudes and colors. The cluster of stars lies within two degrees of the Northern Celestial pole. That fact makes them visible to everyone in the northern hemisphere. Originally proposed by Edward Charles Pickering, the system was used be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24379121 |
Photon bubble A photon bubble is a type of radiation-driven instability that can occur in the magnetized, radiation-supported gas surrounding neutron stars, black hole accretion disks or at the edge of ultra-compact HII regions around young, massive stars. The instability occurs as follows. A compressive magnetohydrody... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24408119 |
Diffraction tomography is an inverse scattering technique used to find the shape of a scattering object by illuminating it with probing waves and recording the reflections. It is based on the diffraction slice theorem and assumes that the scatterer is weak. It is closely related to X-ray tomography. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24422329 |
Lucium was the proposed name for an alleged new element found by chemist Prosper Barrière in 1896 in the mineral monazite. Later, William Crookes confirmed that the new element was actually an impure sample of yttrium. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24436674 |
Bioproducts or bio-based products are materials, chemicals and energy derived from renewable biological resources. Biological resources include agriculture, forestry, and biologically-derived waste, and there are many other renewable bioresource examples. One of the scientific terms used to denote renewable bioresource... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24446858 |
Bioproducts Emerging bioproducts are active subjects of research and development, and these efforts have developed significantly since the turn of the 20/21st century, in part driven by the price of traditional petroleum-based products, by the environmental impact of petroleum use, and by an interest in many countries ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24446858 |
Bioproducts It also deals with studying various biotechnological processes used in industries for large scale production of biological product for optimization of yield in the end product and the quality of end product. Bio process engineering may include the work of mechanical, electrical and industrial engineers to a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24446858 |
Bioproducts Little attention has been given to the interface between the biological world and traditional engineering in the past. It is the job of bioresource engineers to fill that gap. Agricultural and bioresource engineers develop efficient and environmentally-sensitive methods of producing food, fiber, timber, bio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24446858 |
Johann Becker (entomologist) Johann Becker (1932–2004) was a Brazilian entomologist who made important contributions to the study of insects in Brazil. He worked at the National Museum of Brazil. The assassin bug "Ghilianella beckeri" was named after him. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24449765 |
Alexander Callender Purdie (25 December 1824 – 24 June 1899) was a New Zealand naturalist and botanist. Purdie was born in the parish of Fenwick, East Ayrshire, Scotland. After his schooling he moved to Glasgow acquiring a trade as a wire worker which he pursued in England and Scotland for several years, while also fol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24454232 |
Planetary boundaries is a concept involving Earth system processes which contain environmental boundaries, proposed in 2009 by a group of Earth system and environmental scientists led by Johan Rockström from the Stockholm Resilience Centre and Will Steffen from the Australian National University. The group wanted to de... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24458151 |
Planetary boundaries In 2009, a group of Earth System and environmental scientists led by Johan Rockström from the Stockholm Resilience Centre and Will Steffen from the Australian National University collaborated with 26 leading academics, including Nobel laureate Paul Crutzen, Goddard Institute for Space Studies clima... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24458151 |
Planetary boundaries In 2015, a second paper was published in "Science" to update the Planetary Boundaries concept including regional boundaries and findings were presented at the World Economic Forum in Davos, January 2015. A 2018 study, co-authored by Rockström, calls into question the international agreement to limi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24458151 |
Planetary boundaries In 1972, "The Limits to Growth" was published. It presented a model in which five variables: world population, industrialization, pollution, food production, and resources depletion, are examined, and considered to grow exponentially, whereas the ability of technology to increase resources availabi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24458151 |
Planetary boundaries It tried to recapture the spirit of the Stockholm Conference. Its aim was to interlock the concepts of development and environment for future political discussions. It introduced the famous definition for sustainable development: Of a different kind is the approach made by James Lovelock. In the 19... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24458151 |
Planetary boundaries There have been natural environmental fluctuations during the Holocene, but the key atmospheric and biogeochemical parameters have been relatively stable. This stability and resilience has allowed agriculture to develop and complex societies to thrive. According to Rockström "et al.", we "have now ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24458151 |
Planetary boundaries Continuing pressure on the Earth System from human activities raises the possibility that further pressure could be destabilizing, and precipitate sudden or irreversible responses by the Earth System, shunting it towards a variation or mode that is dangerous to life including to human society, for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24458151 |
Planetary boundaries Therefore, it defines a 'safe operating space', in the sense that as long as we are below the boundary, we are below the threshold value. If the boundary is crossed, we enter into a danger zone. The proposed framework lays the groundwork for shifting approach to governance and management, away from... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24458151 |
Planetary boundaries These seven are climate change (CO concentration in the atmosphere < 350 ppm and/or a maximum change of +1 W/m in radiative forcing); ocean acidification (mean surface seawater saturation state with respect to aragonite ≥ 80% of pre-industrial levels); stratospheric ozone (less than 5% reduction in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24458151 |
Planetary boundaries " But the conservation biologist Stuart Pimm is not impressed: "I don’t think this is in any way a useful way of thinking about things... The notion of a single boundary is just devoid of serious content. In what way is an extinction rate 10 times the background rate acceptable?" and the environmen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24458151 |
Planetary boundaries we now have a tool we can use to help us think more deeply—and urgently—about planetary limits and the critical actions we have to take." The ocean chemist Peter Brewer queries whether it is "truly useful to create a list of environmental limits without serious plans for how they may be achieved ..... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24458151 |
Planetary boundaries "Staying within a 'safe operating space' will require staying within all the relevant boundaries, including the electorate’s willingness to pay." In their report (2012) entitled "Resilient People, Resilient Planet: A future worth choosing", The High-level Panel on Global Sustainability called for b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24458151 |
Planetary boundaries This language is unacceptable to most of the developing countries as they fear that an emphasis on boundaries would place unacceptable brakes on poor countries." However, the concept is routinely used in the proceedings of the United Nations, and in the "UN Daily News". For example, the UNEP Execut... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24458151 |
Planetary boundaries " He says the concentration of carbon dioxide is not a control variable we can "meaningfully claim to control", and he questions whether keeping carbon dioxide levels below 350 ppm will avoid more than 2 °C of warming. Adele Morris, policy director, Climate and Energy Economics Project, Brookings I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24458151 |
Planetary boundaries For example, fertilizer which discharges from rivers into the Gulf of Mexico has damaged shrimp fisheries because of hypoxia. The biogeochemist William Schlesinger thinks waiting until we near some suggested limit for nitrogen deposition and other pollutions will just permit us to continue to a poi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24458151 |
Planetary boundaries The ocean chemist Peter Brewer thinks "ocean acidification has impacts other than simple changes in pH, and these may need boundaries too." Across the planet, forests, wetlands and other vegetation types are being converted to agricultural and other land uses, impacting freshwater, carbon and other... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24458151 |
Planetary boundaries Recharge usually comes from area streams, rivers and lakes. Forests enhance the recharge of aquifers in some locales, although generally forests are a major source of aquifer depletion. Depleted aquifers can become polluted with contaminants such as nitrates, or permanently damaged through subsiden... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24458151 |
Planetary boundaries The Nobel laureate in chemistry, Mario Molina, says "five per cent is a reasonable limit for acceptable ozone depletion, but it doesn't represent a tipping point". Aerosol particles in the atmosphere impact the health of humans and influence monsoon and global atmospheric circulation systems. Some ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24458151 |
Planetary boundaries To date, critical exposure levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) above which mass mortality events of marine mammals are likely to occur, have been proposed as a chemical pollution planetary boundary. A planetary boundary may interact in a manner that changes the safe operating level of other ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24458151 |
Planetary boundaries showed that ocean acidification will significantly change the distribution and abundance of a whole range of marine life, particularly species "that build skeletons, shells, and tests of biogenic calcium carbonate. "Increasing temperatures, surface UV radiation levels and ocean acidity all stress m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24458151 |
Planetary boundaries While the metrics and allocation approaches applied varied, there is a converging outcome that resource use of wealthier nations – if extrapolated to world population – is not compatible with planetary boundaries. In 2012, Steven Running suggested a tenth boundary, the annual net global primary pro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24458151 |
Planetary boundaries It is also, say observers, because the idea is simply too new to be officially adopted, and needed to be challenged, weathered and chewed over to test its robustness before standing a chance of being internationally accepted at UN negotiations." The planetary boundary framework was updated in 2015.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24458151 |
Translational regulation refers to the control of the levels of protein synthesized from its mRNA. This regulation is vastly important to the cellular response to stressors, growth cues, and differentiation. In comparison to transcriptional regulation, it results in much more immediate cellular adjustment through direc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24467949 |
Translational regulation IF2 ensures that tRNA remains in the correct position while IF3 proofreads initiation codon base-pairing to prevent non-canonical initiation at codons such as AUU and AUC. Generally, these initiation factors are expressed in equal proportion to ribosomes, however experiments using cold-shock co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24467949 |
Translational regulation For instance, the termination efficiency of a UAAU stop codon is near 80% while the efficiency of UGAC as a termination signal is only 7%. When comparing initiation in eukaryotes to prokaryotes, perhaps one of the first noticeable differences is the use of a larger 80S ribosome. Regulation of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24467949 |
Translational regulation Regulation by phosphorylation of eIF2 is largely associated with the termination of translation initiation. Serine kinases, GCN2, PERK, PKR, and HRI are examples of detection mechanisms for differing cellular stresses that respond by slowing translation through eIF2 phosphorylation. The hallmar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24467949 |
Translational regulation An example of regulation at the level of termination is functional translational readthrough of the lactate dehydrogenase gene LDHB. This readthrough provides a peroxisomal targeting signal that localizes the distinct LDHBx to the peroxisome. Translation in plants is tightly regulated as in ani... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=24467949 |
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