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Pietro Bargagli (2 August 1844, Siena – November 1918 Florence) was an Italian entomologist who specialised in Coleoptera. His collection is in La Specola and the Istituto Sperimentale per la Zooogia Agraria.He was a member of La Società Entomologica Italiana Partial list. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12560822 |
Quantum dimer models were introduced to model the physics of resonating valence bond (RVB) states in lattice spin systems. The only degrees of freedom retained from the motivating spin systems are the valence bonds, represented as dimers which live on the lattice bonds. In typical dimer models, the dimers do not overla... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12561056 |
Stephen Robert Nockolds Stephen Robert Nockolds, FRS (10 May 1909 – 7 February 1990) was a geochemist, petrologist and winner of the Murchison Medal of the Geological Society of London. Robert Nockolds was born at St Columb Major, Cornwall, the son of Dr Stephen Nockolds, a surgeon of Brighton, and his wife Hilda Tomli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12567092 |
Self-limiting (biology) In biology, a self-limiting organism or colony of organisms limits its own growth by its actions. For example, a single organism may have a maximum size determined by genetics, or a colony of organisms may release waste which is ultimately toxic to the colony once it exceeds a certain population... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12590700 |
Quaternary science is an inter-disciplinary field of study focusing on the Quaternary period, which encompasses the last 2.6 million years. The field studies the current ice age and the recent interstadial, between numerous glaciations, the Holocene, and uses proxy evidence to reconstruct the past environments during t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12591925 |
Tandem mass tag A tandem mass tag (TMT) is a chemical label used for mass spectrometry (MS)-based quantification and identification of biological macromolecules such as proteins, peptides and nucleic acids. TMT belongs to a family of reagents referred to as isobaric mass tags. They provide an alternative to gel- or ant... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12594118 |
Tandem mass tag The combined M-F-N-R regions of the tags have the same total molecular weights and structure so that during chromatographic or electrophoretic separation and in single MS mode, molecules labelled with different tags are indistinguishable. Upon fragmentation in MS/MS mode, sequence information is obtaine... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12594118 |
Michael E. Phelps Michael Epic Phelps (born August 24, 1939) is a professor and an American biophysicist. He is known for being one of the fathers of positron emission tomography (PET). Phelps was born in 1939 in Cleveland, Ohio. He spent his early life as a boxer. However, at age 19, he was severely injured in a car c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12632957 |
Peter Eriksson (neuroscientist) Peter Eriksson (June 5, 1959 – August 2, 2007) was a Swedish stem cell neuroscientist. Eriksson was a frequently cited scientist who made ground-breaking research on the neurogenesis in hippocampus in the adult human brain. In 1998 he demonstrated the creation of nerve cells in the adult... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12640115 |
Superose is a trade name for a collection of FPLC columns which are used in the automated separation of biological molecules. The different columns provided can separate a variety of macromolecules, ranging from small peptides and polysaccharides to DNA strands and entire viruses. The material inside the column is agar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12642142 |
NAVAREA NAVAREAs are the maritime geographic areas in which various governments are responsible for navigation and weather warnings. NAVAREAs are mentioned in International Maritime Organization Assembly Resolution A.706(17) adopted 6 November 1991. The International Hydrographic Organization publication S-53 has a doc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12651309 |
George F. Sternberg George Fryer Sternberg (1883–1969) was a paleontologist best known for his discovery in Gove County, Kansas of the "fish-within-a-fish" of "Xiphactinus audax" with a recently eaten "Gillicus arcuatus" within its stomach. He was the son of Charles Hazelius Sternberg and nephew of Brigadier General Ge... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12654604 |
Paul Boltwood (1943- September 25, 2017) was a Canadian amateur astronomer. He was engaged in developing hardware and software for deep sky imaging and in research of brightness variations in active galactic nuclei. He was also acknowledged for his studies of near-nucleus activity in Comet Hyakutake. Boltwood died Sept... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12658744 |
Paul Boltwood The contest, proposed by professional astronomer Bradley Schaefer, challenged amateur astronomers to take the deepest image of a designed patch of the sky in the constellation Serpens. Using 20 hours of exposure time on his 16-inch telescope and custom software to add the resulting 767 images together, Bo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12658744 |
Laplace limit In mathematics, the is the maximum value of the eccentricity for which a solution to Kepler's equation, in terms of a power series in the eccentricity, converges. It is approximately Kepler's equation "M" = "E" − ε sin "E" relates the mean anomaly "M" with the eccentric anomaly "E" for a body moving in an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12663171 |
Low field nuclear magnetic resonance Low field NMR spans a range of different nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) modalities, going from NMR conducted in permanent magnets, supporting magnetic fields of a few T, all the way down to zero field NMR, where the Earth's field is carefully shielded such that magnetic fields of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12669224 |
Lambda point refrigerator A lambda point refrigerator is a device used to cool liquid helium, typically around a superconducting magnet or for low temperature measurements, from approximately 4.2 K to temperatures near the lambda point of helium (approximately 2.17 K), the temperature at which normal fluid helium (heli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12681180 |
Zonal and poloidal In magnetic confinement fusion the zonal direction primarily connotes the poloidal direction (i.e. the short way around the torus), the corresponding coordinate being denoted by "y" in the slab approximation or "θ" in magnetic coordinates. However, in the fusion context, usage is restricted to the co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12687690 |
KASCADE was a European physics experiment started in 1996 at Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany (now Karlsruher Institut für Technologie), an extensive air shower experiment array to study the cosmic ray primary composition and the hadronic interactions in the energy range of 10–10 eV, measuring simultaneously the el... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12690112 |
CORSIKA (COsmic Ray SImulations for KAscade) is a physics computer software for simulation of extensive air showers induced by high energy cosmic rays, i.e. protons and atomic nuclei, as well as Gamma rays (photons), electrons, and neutrinos. It may be used up to and beyond the highest energies of 100 EeV. In the curre... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12690339 |
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Shmuk () ( in Moscow - January 22, 1945, Moscow) was a Soviet biochemist and recipient of the Stalin Prize in 1942. In 1913 Shmuk finished his studies at the Moscow Agricultural Academy. Between 1923 and 1937 he worked at the All-Union Institute of Tobacco and Low-Grade Tobacco while simultaneo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12694997 |
Aleksandr Aleksandrovich Shmuk , The Chemistry and Technology of Tobacco, Vols 1,2,3 Pishchepromizdat, Moscow, 1953) Note: Shmuk appears in the English-language literature various as Schmuck, Shmuck, and Shmuk. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12694997 |
VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study The VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Studies (VOCALS) is an international field experiment started in 2006 designed by World Climate Research Programme's core project CLIVAR to better understand physical and chemical processes central to the climate system of the Southeast Pacif... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12696229 |
Interior radiation control coating Interior Radiation Control Coating Systems (IRCCS), sometimes referred to as radiant barrier coatings, are paints designed to provide thermal insulation to buildings. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and the Reflective Insulation Manufacturer's Association (RIMA) ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12696436 |
Interior radiation control coating In 1986 these coatings were applied for the first commercial application in homes built by Centex Corporation. Uses of IRCCS includes residential and commercial building insulation, as well as industrial and automotive applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12696436 |
Gas composition The of any gas can be characterised by listing the pure substances it contains, and stating for each substance its proportion of the gas mixture's molecule count. To give a familiar example, air has a composition of: Standard Dry Air is the agreed-upon gas composition for air from which all water vapour... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12703710 |
Flow conditions In fluid measurement, the fluid's flow conditions (or flowing conditions) refer to quantities like temperature and static pressure of the metered substance. The flowing conditions are required data in order to calculate the density of the fluid at flowing conditions. The flowing density is in turn requi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12704285 |
Aircraft specific energy Aircraft-specific energy is a form of specific energy applied to aircraft and missile trajectory analysis. It represents the combined kinetic and potential energy of the vehicle at any given time. It is the total energy of the vehicle (relative to the Earth's surface) per unit weight of the veh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12706857 |
Aircraft specific energy The specific energy is computed by the total energy (as defined above relative the Earth's surface) divided by the mass of the vehicle. It is a key element in performance of aircraft and rockets. For a rocket flying vertically (in a vacuum), it is the apogee that the rocket would obtain. It is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12706857 |
2005 Melbourne thunderstorm The 2005 Melbourne Thunderstorm was a severe weather event that occurred between 2 February and 3 February 2005 which produced 120 mm (or about 4.7 inches) of rain in Melbourne, the highest total since records began. Every suburb in Melbourne, parts of eastern Victoria and the Geelong/Bellar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12707954 |
Hibernaculum (botany) Hibernaculum (plural "hibernacula") is the term often applied to a winter bud of certain aquatic plants, such as the bladderworts ("Utricularia"). The buds are heavier than water, and, being developed at the approach of cold weather, they become detached, sink to the bottom of the pond, and thus s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12711369 |
Gert Korthof is a Dutch biologist who was trained at Utrecht University. He has reviewed various books of evolution, creationism, and intelligent design, including Michael Behe's "The Edge of Evolution". He contributed to "Why Intelligent Design Fails: A Scientific Critique of the New Creationism". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12720295 |
Proteolix Proteolix, Inc., was a private biotechnology company with headquarters in South San Francisco, California. was founded in 2003 based on technology developed by co-founders Dr. Craig Crews (Yale University) and Dr. Raymond J. Deshaies (California Institute of Technology). Drs. Susan Molineaux and Phil Whitcome... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12721713 |
Peter Francis Williams is an amateur astronomer from New South Wales, Australia. He specializes in early detection of declines in R Coronae Borealis-type stars and the long-term monitoring of several southern Mira variables and eclipsing binary stars. He was the first person who detected the naked-eye Nova known as V38... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12728519 |
Older Peron The was the name for a period identified in 1961 as an episode of a global sea-level (i.e. eustatic) high-stand during the Holocene Epoch. Modern understanding of the various factors involved in quantifying eustatic sea level, particularly processes relating to ocean siphoning and glacio-hydro-isostatic adj... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12732637 |
Ken Hill (botanist) Kenneth D. Hill (6 August 1948 – 4 August 2010) was an Australian botanist, notable for his work on eucalypts, the systematics, evolution and conservation of the genus "Cycas", as well as on botanical informatics. He was born in Armidale, New South Wales. He worked with the National Herbarium of New... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12736965 |
Reull Vallis is a valley on Mars that appears to have been carved by water. It runs westward into Hellas Planitia. It is named after the Gaelic word for planet. It is found in the Hellas quadrangle. On the floors of some channels are features called lineated floor deposits. They are ridged and grooved materials that se... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12743643 |
Middle World Middle World, a term coined by evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins, is used to describe the realm generally experienced by humans that lies between the microscopic world of quarks and atoms and the cosmic world of stars and galaxies. It also refers to the lack of appreciation humans generally have for t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12748155 |
Island of inversion An island of inversion is a region of the chart of nuclides that contains isotopes with a non-standard ordering of single particle levels in the nuclear shell model. Such an area was first described in 1975 by French physicists carrying out spectroscopic mass measurements of exotic isotopes of lithi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12752120 |
Nonthermal surface reaction In the field of physical chemistry, a nonthermal surface reaction refers to an elementary reaction between a thermally accommodated adsorbed surface species and a reactant which has not yet thermally accommodated to the surface. The two main mechanisms classified as nonthermal are the Eley-R... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12753475 |
Mousterian Pluvial The was a prehistoric wet and rainy (pluvial) period in North Africa. It occurred during the Upper Paleolithic, toward the latter part of the Mousterian era. That is, it began around 50,000 years before the present (B.P), lasted roughly 20,000 years, and ended ca. 30,000 B.P. During the Mousterian Pl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12758957 |
Mousterian Pluvial 30 to 18 kybp, the Laurentide Ice Sheet not only covered an enormous geographic area, but increased its altitude to 1750 meters (more than 1 mile). It generated its own long term weather patterns, which affected the jet stream passing over the North American continent. The jet stream effectively spli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12758957 |
Compaction (geology) In sedimentology, compaction is the process by which a sediment progressively loses its porosity due to the effects of pressure from loading. This forms part of the process of lithification. When a layer of sediment is originally deposited, it contains an open framework of particles with the pore s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12763440 |
Compaction (geology) Both the thickness and structure of the later sequence will be controlled by the underlying geology in the absence of any active tectonics. Buried tilted fault blocks in a rift basin often produce large anticlinal closures in the post-rift section that may form traps for hydrocarbons e.g. the Daqin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12763440 |
Electrostatic spray-assisted vapour deposition (ESAVD) is a technique (developed by a company called IMPT) to deposit both thin and thick layers of a coating onto various substrates. In simple terms chemical precursors are sprayed across an electrostatic field towards a heated substrate, the chemicals undergo a control... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12765046 |
Sinus (botany) In botany, a sinus is a space or indentation between two lobes or teeth, usually on a leaf. The term is also used in mycology. For example, one of the defining characteristics of North American species in the "Morchella elata" clade of morels is the presence of a sinus where the cap attaches to the stipe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12765060 |
Metabolic imprinting refers to the epigenetic programming of metabolism during the pre-natal and neo-natal periods, which can have significant consequences later on in an organism's life. Studies in both humans and animals have shown that the events during gestation and early post-natal stages may have long term conseq... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12765883 |
Kiyoo Wadati Kiyoo Wadati | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12766287 |
Nearby Supernova Factory The (SNfactory) is a collaborative experiment led by Greg Aldering, designed to collect data on more Type Ia supernovae than have ever been studied in a single project before, and by studying them, to increase understanding of the expanding universe and dark energy. The project began as an outg... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12776863 |
American Society of Plant Taxonomists The (ASPT) is a botanical organization formed in 1935 to "foster, encourage, and promote education and research in the field of plant taxonomy, to include those areas and fields of study that contribute to and bear upon taxonomy and herbaria", according to its bylaws. It is incorpo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12795884 |
Jaramillo reversal The was a reversal and excursion of the Earth's magnetic field that occurred approximately one million years ago. In the geological time scale it was a "short-term" positive reversal in the then-dominant Matuyama reversed magnetic chronozone; its beginning is widely dated to 990,000 years before the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12804696 |
Mu problem In theoretical physics, the μ problem is a problem of supersymmetric theories, concerned with understanding the parameters of the theory. The supersymmetric Higgs mass parameter μ appears as the following term in the superpotential: μHH. It is necessary to provide a mass for the fermionic superpartners of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12807714 |
Mu problem This is proposed to happen together with F-term supersymmetry breaking, with a spurious field X that parameterizes the hidden supersymmetry-breaking sector of the theory (meaning that F is the non-zero F-term). Let us assume that the Kahler potential includes a term of the form formula_1 times some dimension... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12807714 |
David Officer David Leslie Officer is a New Zealand organic chemist and materials scientist. He completed a Bachelor of Science (Honours) and PhD at Victoria University of Wellington in 1982 under the direction of Professor Brian Halton, before undertaking postdoctoral positions at the Australian National University, a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12809337 |
Natalia Dubrovinskaia (born 18 February 1961) is a Swedish geologist of Russian origin. In 2005, she led a team of researchers from the University of Bayreuth who were reported to have produced aggregated diamond nanorods from fullerene under high temperatures and pressures. Two years earlier large samples of nanodiamo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12811972 |
René Lavocat was a French paleontologist who described several genera of African dinosaurs including the sauropod "Rebbachisaurus", as well as several extinct mammals such as the family Kenyamyidae. The mammal "Lavocatia", the Notosuchian "Lavocatchampsa" and phorusrhacid "Lavocatavis" are named after him. Eager to try... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12818849 |
Philippe Taquet (b. April 25, 1940 Saint-Quentin, Aisne) is a French paleontologist who specializes in dinosaur systematics of finds primarily in northern Africa. He is a member of the French Academy of Sciences since November 30, 2004, president since 2012. He has studied and described a number of new dinosaur species... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12818948 |
InHour is a unit of reactivity of a nuclear reactor. It stands for the inverse of an hour. It is equal to the inverse of the period in hours. One is the amount of reactivity needed to increase the reaction from critical to where the power will increase by a factor of e in one hour. The unit is abbreviated ih or inhr, a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12830079 |
Julian Goldsmith Julian Royce Goldsmith (1918–1999) was a mineralogist and geochemist at the University of Chicago (Moore, 1971). Goldsmith, along with colleague Fritz Laves, first defined the crystallographic polymorphism of alkali feldspar (Newton, 1989). Goldsmith also experimented on the temperature dependence of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12835493 |
Pseudoplankton Pseudoplanktonic organisms are those that attach themselves to planktonic organisms or other floating objects, such as drifting wood, buoyant shells of organisms such as "Spirula", or man-made flotsam. Examples include goose barnacles and the bryozoan "Jellyella". By themselves these animals cannot float... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12891586 |
Sackett self-selection circus The is an apparatus used in experimental psychology with non-human primates. It is a space divided into compartments containing objects; the time an animal spends with each object is measured, indicating any amount of fear of or anxiety from those objects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12908866 |
Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy The United States National Academy of Sciences' (STEP) is a board of the United States National Academy of Sciences. The mandate of the Board is to integrate understanding of scientific, technological, and economic elements in the formulation of national policies affect... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12911652 |
Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy A leading NAS economist, Dale Jorgenson, and NAE industrialists Ralph Landau and George Hatsopoulos were concerned that this work, and national innovation policy more broadly, did not sufficiently reflect the contributions economics could make to understanding of trends... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12911652 |
Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy Over the past 16 years the membership has included leading industrialists (Rube Mettler, Don Peterson, Bill Spencer), three Nobel Laureates (Mike Spence, Joe Stiglitz, and Jim Heckman) among many leading microeconomists, prominent venture capitalists (Burton McMurtry, K... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12911652 |
Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy In this fluctuating environment, STEP’s focus has not shifted away from the U.S. position in the global economy. Investing for Productivity and Prosperity was followed by a series of projects examining development of international technical standards and testing certifi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12911652 |
Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy This diversification has been a key to STEP’s success and endurance, but the board is mindful that global competition and its effects on Americans’ employment and welfare remain the principal driver of its agenda. When, as now, public and political concern is ascendant,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12911652 |
Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy Areas that have received little attention to date are agriculture, energy and power, and environmental regulation. Although these are the domains of other standing NRC units that, of course, does not preclude STEP from undertaking projects in those areas tailored to its... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12911652 |
Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy In addition, an effort is made to ensure that study committee rosters recommended to the Division Chair and the President include a mix of expertise and experience similar to that on the board itself – industrial technologists, economists, financial executives, academic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12911652 |
Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy This was done in studies of the patent system, Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program, Advanced Technology Program (ATP), and biomedical researchers’ experience with intellectual property. In all of these cases, the research results strongly influenced study ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12911652 |
Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy STEP reports have had a demonstrable impact on public policy discussions and outcomes. Examples include: "A Patent System for the 21st Century" (2004). In April 2004 a STEP committee chaired by Yale President Richard Levin and former Xerox CTO Mark Myers issued a final ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12911652 |
Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy Five of the report’s seven recommendations are core provisions of legislation introduced by the committee chairs in the 109th Congress and expected to be re-introduced in the 110th. In part through the Board’s outreach efforts and in part because of interest abroad in t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12911652 |
Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy A fourth mandate – the ongoing evaluation of 5 agencies’ SBIR programs – followed STEP work on SBIR but has been carried out under separate oversight. Discussion is underway with members of Congress of a major study of the role of intangible assets (R&D, intellectual pr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12911652 |
Sodium sesquicarbonate (systematic name: trisodium hydrogendicarbonate) NaH(CO) is a double salt of sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate (NaHCO · NaCO), and has a needle-like crystal structure. However, the term is also applied to an equimolar mixture of those two salts, with whatever water of hydration the sodium c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12912325 |
Sodium sesquicarbonate It is also used as a precipitating water softener, which combines with hard water minerals (calcium- and magnesium-based minerals) to form an insoluble precipitate, removing these hardness minerals from the water. It is the carbonate moiety which forms the precipitate, the bicarbonate being inclu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12912325 |
Supernova Legacy Survey The Program is a project designed to investigate dark energy, by detecting and monitoring approximately 2000 high-redshift supernovae between 2003 and 2008, using MegaPrime, a large CCD mosaic at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. It also carries out detailed spectroscopy of a subsample of dist... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12918089 |
Smart ligand Smart ligands are affinity ligands selected with pre-defined equilibrium (formula_1), kinetic (formula_2, formula_3) and thermodynamic (ΔH, ΔS) parameters of biomolecular interaction. Ligands with desired parameters can be selected from large combinatorial libraries of biopolymers using instrumental separa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12918117 |
Biosimilar A biosimilar is a biologic medical product (also known as biologic) highly similar to another already approved biological medicine (the 'reference medicine'). Biosimilars are approved according to the same standards of pharmaceutical quality, safety and efficacy that apply to all biological medicines. Biosim... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12924448 |
Biosimilar According to them, analytical studies demonstrate that the biological product is highly similar to the reference product, despite minor differences in clinically inactive components, animal studies (including the assessment of toxicity), and a clinical study or studies (including the assessment of immunogeni... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12924448 |
Biosimilar Approval of medicines in the EU relies on a solid legal framework, which in 2004, introduced a dedicated route for the approval of biosimilars. The EU has pioneered the regulation of biosimilars since the approval of the first one (the growth hormone somatropin) in 2006. Since then, the EU has approved the h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12924448 |
Biosimilar In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) held that new legislation was required to enable them to approve biosimilars to those biologics originally approved through the PHS Act pathway. Additional Congressional hearings have been held. On March 17, 2009, the Pathway for Biosimilars Act wa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12924448 |
Biosimilar And under the BPCI Act, only a biologic that has been approved as an "interchangeable" may be substituted for the reference product without the intervention of the health care provider who prescribed the reference product. The FDA said its approval of Zarxio is based on review of evidence that included struc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12924448 |
Biosimilar Recombinant therapeutic proteins are of a complex nature (composed of a long chain of amino acids, modified amino acids, derivatized by sugar moieties, folded by complex mechanisms). These proteins are made in living cells (bacteria, yeast, animal or human cell lines). The ultimate characteristics of a drug ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12924448 |
Biosimilar In contrast, it is mandatory for biosimilars to take a both non-clinical and clinical test that the most sensitive clinical models are asked to show to enable detection of differences between the two products in terms of human pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD), efficacy, safety, and immunogenic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12924448 |
Biosimilar Originally the complexity of biological molecules led to requests for substantial efficacy and safety data for a biosimilar approval. This has been progressively replaced with a greater dependence on assays, from quality through to clinical, that show assay sensitivity sufficient to detect any significant di... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12924448 |
Biosimilar Thus biosimilars approved by the EMA (European Medicines Agency) are required to submit a risk management plan (RMP) along with the marketing application and have to provide regular safety update reports after the product is in the market. The RMP includes the safety profile of the drug and proposes the pros... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12924448 |
Biosimilar The EMA evaluates biosimilars according to the same standards of pharmaceutical quality, safety and efficacy that apply to all biological medicines approved in the EU. Source: European Medicines Agency (April 2019) The Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009 (BPCI Act) was originally sponsored... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12924448 |
Biosimilar In 2018, the FDA released a Biosimilars Action Plan to implement regulations from the BPCI, including limiting the abuse of the Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) system for evergreening and transitioning insulin and human growth hormone to regulation as biologics rather than drugs. In Europe no ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12924448 |
Biosimilar The US decided on a different approach, being only jurisdiction requiring the assignment of a four character alphabetic suffix to the nonproprietary name of the original product to distinguish between innovator drugs and their biosimilars. In the United States, biosimilars have not had the expected impact on... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12924448 |
Biosimilar The legal requirements of approval pathways, together with the costly manufacturing processes, escalates the developing costs for biosimilars that could be between $75–$250 million per molecule. This market entry barrier affects not only the companies willing to produce them but could also delay availability... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12924448 |
Biosimilar Reddy's Laboratories as well as Canada-based Apotex have taken share in traditional generics, which has led older companies to shift their focus to complex drugs such as biosimilars. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12924448 |
Transovarial transmission Transovarial or transovarian transmission (transmission from parent to offspring via the ovaries) occurs in certain arthropod vectors as they transmit pathogens from parent arthropod to offspring arthropod. For instance, "Rickettsia rickettsii", carried within ticks, is passed on from parent t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12929900 |
MACPF The Membrane Attack Complex/Perforin (MACPF) superfamily, sometimes referred to as the MACPF/CDC superfamily, is named after a domain that is common to the membrane attack complex (MAC) proteins of the complement system (C6, C7, C8α, C8β and C9) and perforin (PF). Members of this protein family are pore-forming t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12936761 |
MACPF The domain is structurally similar to pore-forming cholesterol-dependent cytolysins from gram-positive bacteria, suggesting that proteins create pores and disrupt cell membranes similar to cytolysin. A representative list of proteins belonging to the family can be found in the Transporter Classification Database.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12936761 |
MACPF Not all proteins function in defence or attack. For example, astrotactin-1 (TC# 9.B.87.3.1) is involved in neural cell migration in mammals and apextrin (TC# 1.C.39.7.4) is involved in sea urchin ("Heliocidaris erythrogramma") development. "Drosophila" Torso-like protein (TC# 1.C.39.15.1), which controls embryoni... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12936761 |
MACPF A concerted conformational change within each monomer then results in two α-helical regions unwinding to form four amphipathic β-strands that span the membrane of the target cell. Like CDC's proteins are thus β-pore forming toxins that act like a molecular hole punch. Other crystal structures for members of the s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12936761 |
MACPF Perforin deficiency results in the commonly fatal disorder familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL or HLH). This disease is characterised by an overactivation of lymphocytes which results in cytokine mediated organ damage. The protein DBCCR1 may function as a tumor suppressor in bladder cancer. C6; C7; C... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12936761 |
CS gas (data page) Data on CS gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12941498 |
R. Keith Ellis Richard Keith Ellis, (born 17 November 1949) is a British theoretical physicist, at the University of Durham and a leading authority on perturbative quantum chromodynamics and collider phenomenology. He graduated from the University of Oxford (MA 1971, D. Phil 1974). He has held positions at Imperial Col... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12943388 |
R. Keith Ellis Webber of a book on QCD and collider physics published by Cambridge University Press in 1996. Ellis was elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 1988 and a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 2009. Also in 2009, Ellis together with John Collins and Davison Soper won the J. J. Sakurai Pri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12943388 |
Flexural modulus In mechanics, the flexural modulus or bending modulus is an intensive property that is computed as the ratio of stress to strain in flexural deformation, or the tendency for a material to resist bending. It is determined from the slope of a stress-strain curve produced by a flexural test (such as the A... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12947946 |
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