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ChaHα8 (also written ChaHa8 when Greek letters are unavailable) is a brown dwarf 522 light years from Earth discovered in 2000. It was found in 2007 to have a low-mass substellar companion in orbit around it. The companion has a mass of 25–31 Jupiter masses and orbits with a period of 5.2 years and an eccentricity of 0.59. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12948848 |
Crometeo is a non-profit association of Croatian amateur meteorologists. It was founded in November 2005 and its headquarters are in Zagreb, Croatia. monitors and forecasts weather, perusing a network of automatic weather stations in Croatia. The data from the stations is made available on-line. also maintains a web portal and a forum on meteorology, and works to popularise meteorology in Croatia. Presided by Kristijan Božarov, aside from Croatian members, has associates from other, mainly neighbouring countries. In recent years, the association gained popularity in Croatian media for its weather forecasts and articles relating to weather, climate, meteorology and environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12957952 |
Fallstreak hole A fallstreak hole (also known as a cavum, hole punch cloud, punch hole cloud, skypunch, cloud canal or cloud hole) is a large gap, usually circular or elliptical, that can appear in cirrocumulus or altocumulus clouds. Such holes are formed when the water temperature in the clouds is below freezing, but the water, in a supercooled state, has not frozen yet due to the lack of ice nucleation. When ice crystals do form, a domino effect is set off due to the Bergeron process, causing the water droplets around the crystals to evaporate: this leaves a large, often circular, hole in the cloud. It is thought that the introduction of large numbers of tiny ice crystals into the cloud layer sets off this domino effect of fusion which creates the hole. The ice crystals can be formed by passing aircraft, which often have a large reduction in pressure behind the wing- or propeller-tips. This cools the air very quickly, and can produce a ribbon of ice crystals trailing in the aircraft's wake. These ice crystals find themselves surrounded by droplets, and grow quickly by the Bergeron process, causing the droplets to evaporate and creating a hole with brush-like streaks of ice crystals below it. An early satellite documentation of elongated fallstreak holes over the Florida Panhandle that likely were induced by passing aircraft appeared in Corfidi and Brandli (1986). Fallstreak holes are more routinely seen by the higher resolution satellites of today (e.g., see third illustration accompanying this article) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12963827 |
Fallstreak hole The articles by Westbrook and Davies (2010) and Heymsfield et al. (2010) explain the processes behind the formation of fallstreak holes in greater detail, and show some observations of their microphysics and dynamics. Such clouds are not unique to any one geographic area and have been photographed from many places. Because of their rarity and unusual appearance, fallstreak holes have been mistaken for or attributed to unidentified flying objects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12963827 |
Haines Index (also known as Lower Atmosphere Severity Index) is a weather index developed by meteorologist Donald Haines in 1988 that measures the potential for dry, unstable air to contribute to the development of large or erratic wildland fires. The index is derived from the stability (temperature difference between different levels of the atmosphere) and moisture content (dew point depression) of the lower atmosphere. These data may be acquired with a radiosonde or simulated by a numerical weather prediction model. The index is calculated over three ranges of atmospheric pressure: low elevation (950-850 millibars (mb)), mid elevation (850-700 mb), and high elevation (700-500 mb). A of 6 means a high potential for an existing fire to become large or exhibit erratic fire behavior, 5 means medium potential, 4 means low potential, and anything less than 4 means very low potential. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12964058 |
Wigner–Seitz radius The formula_1, named after Eugene Wigner and Frederick Seitz, is the radius of a sphere whose volume is equal to the mean volume per atom in a solid (for first group metals). In the more general case of metals having more valence electrons, formula_1 is the radius of a sphere whose volume is equal to the volume per a free electron. This parameter is used frequently in condensed matter physics to describe the density of a system. Worth to mention, formula_1 is calculated for bulk materials. In a 3-D system with formula_4 free electrons in a volume formula_5, the is defined by where formula_7 is the particle density of free electrons. Solving for formula_1 we obtain The radius can also be calculated as where formula_11 is molar mass, formula_12 is amount of free electrons per atom, formula_13 is mass density, and formula_14 is the Avogadro number. This parameter is normally reported in atomic units, i.e., in units of the Bohr radius. Values of formula_1 for the first group metals: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12965053 |
Hydrosis Hidrosis is the process of activating the sweat glands via M3 receptors. Hyperhidrosis is a disorder marked by excessive sweating. It usually begins at puberty and affects the palms, soles, and armpits. Sweating is the body's way of cooling itself and is a normal response to a hot environment or intense exercise. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12983320 |
Pennsylvania Geological Survey The or Bureau of Topographic and Geologic Survey (BTGS), is a geological survey enacted by the Pennsylvania General Assembly "to serve the citizens of Pennsylvania by collecting, preserving, and disseminating impartial information on the Commonwealth's geology, geologic resources, and topography in order to contribute to the understanding, wise use, and conservation of its land and included resources." The geological survey operates under the Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. In total, four surveys have been conducted in the commonwealth. The first survey was created in 1836, making it one of the oldest geological surveys in the United States. It was followed by the Second Survey, which ran from 1874 to approximately 1895; and the Third Survey, which ran from 1910 to 1919. The fourth, and current, survey was created in 1919 and continues today. The Survey has provided orthoimagery and digital topographic data derived from lidar through the PAMAP program. The Survey provides oil and gas well information through PA*IRIS. BTGS participates in federally funded StateMap program to produce 1:24000 geological maps. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12987683 |
New Research Building "New Research Building" or NRB for short, is the largest building ever built by Harvard University, and was dedicated on September 24, 2003 by the then president of Harvard University, Lawrence H. Summers and the dean of the Harvard Medical School, Joseph Martin. It is an integrated biomedical research facility, located at 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts, at the Longwood Medical Area and has of space. It cost $260 million to build, and houses more than 800 researchers, and many more graduate students, lab assistants, and staff workers. The building sits across the street from the Boston Latin School on the former site of Boston English High School. It constitutes the largest expansion of Harvard Medical school witnessed in the last 100 years. It houses the Department of Genetics of the Harvard Medical School, among many other centers and institutes it houses. It is also home to many meetings, and has a 500-seat auditorium. The architects were Architectural Resources Cambridge, Inc. (ARC) who are active in the Boston/Cambridge area and have built other educational and research facilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12993572 |
Alexander John Nicholson (25 March 1895 – 28 October 1969) was an Irish Australian entomologist who specialised in insect population dynamics. He was Chief of the CSIR / CSIRO Division of Economic Entomology for 24 years and is credited with initiating the professional era in Australian entomology. He was a Foundation Fellow of the Australian Academy of Science. He is notable for the Nicholson–Bailey model. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=12995486 |
Tomlinson model The Tomlinson model, also known as the Prandtl–Tomlinson Model, is one of the most popular models in nanotribology widely used as the basis for many investigations of frictional mechanisms on the atomic scale. Essentially, a nanotip is dragged by a spring over a corrugated energy landscape. A "frictional parameter" "η" can be introduced to describe the ratio between the energy corrugation and the elastic energy stored in the spring. If the tip-surface interaction is described by a sinusoidal potential with amplitude "V" and periodicity "a" then where "k" is the spring constant. If "η"<1, the tip slides continuously across the landscape (superlubricity regime). If "η">1, the tip motion consists in abrupt jumps between the minima of the energy landscape (stick-slip regime). The name "Tomlinson model" is, however, historically incorrect: the paper by Tomlinson that is often cited in this context did not contain the model known as the "Tomlinson model" and suggests an adhesive contribution to friction. In reality it was Ludwig Prandtl who suggested in 1928 this model to describe the plastic deformations in crystals as well as the dry friction. In the meantime, many researchers still call this model the "Prandtl–Tomlinson Model". In Russia this model was introduced by the Soviet physicists Yakov Frenkel and T. Kontorova. The Frenkel defect became firmly fixed in the physics of solids and liquids. In the 1930s, this research was supplemented with works on the theory of plastic deformation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13007524 |
Tomlinson model Their theory, now known as the Frenkel–Kontorova model, is important in the study of dislocations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13007524 |
Küssner effect In fluid dynamics, the describes the unsteady aerodynamic forces on an airfoil or hydrofoil caused by encountering a transverse gust. This is directly related to the Küssner function, used in describing the effect. Both the effect and function are named after Hans Georg Küssner (1900–1984), a German aerodynamics engineer. Küssner derived an approximate model for an airfoil encountering a sudden step-like change in the transverse gust velocity — or, equivalently, as seen from a frame of reference moving with the airfoil: a sudden change in the angle of attack. The airfoil is modelled as a flat plate in a potential flow, moving with constant horizontal velocity. For this case he derived the impulse response function — known as Küssner function — needed to compute the unsteady lift and moment exerted by the air on the airfoil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13016351 |
Temagamite is a bright white palladium mercury telluride mineral with a hardness of on the Mohs scale. Its chemical formula is PdHgTe. It was discovered at the Temagami Mine on Temagami Island, Lake Temagami in 1973, and it represents a rare mineral in the Temagami Greenstone Belt. It occurs as microscopic inclusions within massive chalcopyrite at Temagami in association with other rare tellurides: merenskyite, stützite, hessite and an unnamed Pd-Hg-Ag telluride. In addition to the discovery locality, it has been reported from the Stillwater igneous complex in Montana and the New Rambler copper–nickel mine in the Medicine Bow Mountains of Wyoming. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13024408 |
Merck Millipore was the brand used for Merck's global life science business until 2015 when the company re-branded. It was originally formed when Merck acquired the Millipore Corporation in 2010. Merck is a supplier to the life science industry. The Millipore Corporation was founded in 1954, and listed among the S&P 500 since the early 1990s, as an international biosciences company, known widely for its micrometer pore-size filters and tests. In 2015, Merck acquired Sigma-Aldrich and merged it with Merck Millipore. In the United States and Canada, the life science business is now known as MilliporeSigma. In the early 1950s Lovell Corporation won a contract from the U.S. Army Chemical Engineers to develop and manufacture membrane filtering devices and systems used to separate the molecular components of fluid samples. When the membranes were declassified in 1953 and offered for commercial use, Jack Bush, a Lovell employee, bought the company’s right to the technology for $200,000 and established the Millipore Filter Company. Bush coined the word millipore to use in the company's name to refer to large number of small openings in the microporous membrane that the company produced. At this point, however, "millipore" has become an actual word in general use apart from this company's use of it, referring to any of several filters, made from cellulose acetate membranes, capable of removing very small particles. Later the company changed its name to Millipore Corporation to reflect its growing range of products | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13025479 |
Merck Millipore In 2010, Merck KGaA the world's oldest chemical and pharmaceutical company- acquired Millipore Corporation to form EMD Millipore. By 1959, Millipore made porous membrane filters of cellulose esters or other materials which resembled paper in sheet form, and were brittle when dry but friable when wet. Filters consisted of nitrocellulose or polycarbonate membrane nucleopore filters ranging from pore size of 0.2 μm (micrometer) to 20 µm. Modern filter are Polyvinylidene fluoride and/or Polypropylene based. By 1970, Millipore had established subsidiaries in seven countries. The company opened manufacturing plants in Jaffrey, New Hampshire; Molsheim, France; Cork, Ireland; and several other locations. Millipore’s 2006 acquisition of Serologicals Corporation improved the company's position in high-growth markets such as drug discovery products and services, antibodies, cell biology reagents, and stem cell research. As of the late 2000s, Millipore was the only company providing both upstream cell culture and downstream separations offerings for biopharmaceutical production. Here are some of the key milestones representative of Millipore’s changes and growth over the past five decades. Millipore Corporation had been publicly traded on the OTC, or NASDAQ, exchange where it had paid a cash dividend to shareholders every year since 1966. In 1987 Millipore Corporation moved from the NASDAQ exchange to the New York Stock Exchange, where it traded under the ticker symbol MIL | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13025479 |
Merck Millipore Millipore Corporation was on the S&P 500 list of the biggest publicly traded companies in the United States until it was acquired by Merck kGaA in 2010. The deal was valued at approximately EUR 5.3 billion (US$7.2 billion). Merck KGaA is not associated with Merck & Co., although the two companies stem from the same parent company. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13025479 |
Joseph Franz von Jacquin Joseph "Krystel" Franz Freiherr von Jacquin or Baron Joseph von Jacquin (7 February 1766 in Schemnitz (now Banská Štiavnica) – 26 October 1839 in Vienna) was an Austrian scientist who studied medicine, chemistry, zoology and botany. The son of Nikolaus von Jacquin, he graduated from the University of Vienna as a doctor of medicine in 1788. Between 1788 and 1791 Jacquin was sent on a scientific journey to Germany, France and England by Emperor Francis II. He inherited his father's position as professor of botany and chemistry at the University of Vienna, which he held from 1797 until his retirement in 1838. In 1821, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He was an outstanding specialist of the diamond midfield organisation. He is known for his belief in the moral contract. He was fond of the original concept of shortcuts that make the journey longer, as a parable of his strong faith in the ability of the right winger to run and be a left full back at the same time. He survived death. Jacquin, J. F. "Beyträge zur Geschichte der Vögel". C.F. Wappler, Wien 1784. Jacquin, J.F. "Lehrbuch der allgemeinen und medicinischen Chymie zum Gebrauche seiner Vorlesungen". C.F. Wappler, Wien 1798. Jacquin, J.F., E. Fenzl & I. Schreibers. "Eclogae plantarum rariorum aut minus cognitarum : quas ad vivum descripsit et iconibus coloratis illustravit". A. Strauss, Wien, 1811–1844. Jacquin, J.F., E. Fenzl & I. Schreibers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13026324 |
Joseph Franz von Jacquin "Eclogae graminum rariorum aut minus cognitarum : quae ad vivum descripsit et iconibus coloratis illustravit". A. Strauss et Sommer, Wien, 1813–1844. Jacquin, J. F. "Ueber den Ginkgo", Carl Gerold, Wien, 1819. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13026324 |
Platyclade Platyclades are flattened, photosynthetic shoots, branches or stems that resemble or perform the function of leaves, as in "Homalocladium platycladum" and some cactus genera like "Opuntia" and "Schlumbergera". New Latin "platycladium"; from Greek "platy", flat + "klados", branch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13049433 |
Jack A. Wolfe Jack Albert Wolfe (1936–2005) was a United States Geological Survey paleobotanist and paleoclimatologist best known for his studies of Tertiary climate in western North America through analysis of fossil angiosperm leaves. http://mcintosh.botany.org/plantsciencebulletin/psb-2006-52-2.php#Jack | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13053800 |
LabCorp Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, more commonly known as LabCorp, is an American S&P 500 company headquartered in Burlington, North Carolina. It operates one of the largest clinical laboratory networks in the world, with a United States network of 36 primary laboratories. Before a merger with National Health Laboratory in 1995, the company operated under the name Roche BioMedical. performs its largest volume of specialty testing at its Center for Esoteric Testing in Burlington, North Carolina, where the company is headquartered. As of 2018, processes 2.5 million lab tests weekly. was an early pioneer of genomic testing using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology, at its Center for Molecular Biology and Pathology in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, where it also performs other molecular diagnostics. It also does oncology testing, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genotyping and phenotyping. also operates the National Genetics Institute, Inc. (NGI) in Los Angeles, California which develops PCR testing methods. LabCorp's ViroMed facility, originally in Minnetonka, Minnesota until closing this site in 2013, is now housed in Burlington, NC and performs real-time PCR microbial testing using laboratory-developed assays. also provides testing in Puerto Rico and, outside the United States, in three Canadian provinces. utilizes seven PA-31-350's and one PC-12 aircraft on nightly runs from Burlington, NC for use on the East Coast. National Health Laboratories Incorporated began in 1978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13072917 |
LabCorp The company was a national blood and pathology laboratory owned by the Revlon Health Care Group, and managed by Michael E. Lillig for seven years. Lillig had earlier been with Becton, Dickinson and Company. At National Health Laboratories, Inc. he grew annual sales of the company each year by 43%, with revenue reaching $12 million by the end of his tenure. Lillig then left to found several health-care companies, including Syscor, Inc., Intelysis, Inc., Asterion, LLC and MetaCyte's 3DR in Louisville, Kentucky. In 1988, National Health Laboratories became publicly traded on the NASDAQ exchange. Revlon retained 24% ownership of the common shares, for the next six years. Revlon had been a publicly traded company since the 1950s, as it was during most of its ownership of National Health Laboratories. But in 1985, Revlon had been taken over by Ronald Perelman. Through early 1995, the National Health Laboratories principal executive offices were located at 4225 Executive Square, Suite 805 in La Jolla, California. In 1989, the company generated revenue of about US$400 million, with about US$70 million in earnings. In 1990, the company's revenues reached US$500 million, with over US$70 million in earnings. That year, the company began paying a cash dividend to shareholders. In 1991, National Health Laboratories moved from the NASDAQ OTC exchange to the New York Stock Exchange, where it began to trade under the new ticker symbol NH | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13072917 |
LabCorp Up until that time the company had performed very well, including through the 1990-1991 recession. Its earnings peaked that year at almost US$90 million, and its stock price had risen from its low within the prior few years by several-fold. However, beginning in 1991 the company became embroiled in Operation "Labscam," a nationwide crackdown on fraud in the health-care system, initiated by the U.S. Attorney's Office in San Diego, California. The charges were that the company and others routinely submitted false claims to the government health-care agencies Medicare and Medicaid for unnecessary tests which physicians had never ordered. In 1992, National Health Laboratories became the first of the companies to be prosecuted in the government operation. In 1992, the company reported revenues of over US$720 million, however with earnings of only US$40 million. The small gain that year reflected a fourth quarter charge of US$80 million, which the company paid in a settlement agreement with state and federal governments related to the LABSCAM investigation. The total payments made by National Health Laboratories in the settlement came to US$111 million that year, and ultimately reached US$173 million. In 1993, revenues were up to US$761 million, with new peak earnings of nearly US$113 million. By that time the company had 22 major laboratories. The stock price reached a new all-time high in 1993, which became the peak for the next couple of years, and the company was added to the S&P MidCap 400 list | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13072917 |
LabCorp On March 8, 1994 National Health Laboratories Inc. reorganized as a holding company, National Health Laboratories Holdings Inc. By 1994, MacAndrews & Forbes Holdings Inc. then owned the Revlon Holdings Group's former 24 percent of National Health Laboratories Holdings. That company was a distributor of licorice extract and chocolate, which had previously been taken over, along with Revlon, by Ronald Perelman in the 1980s. On May 4, 1994, National Health Laboratories announced that it would acquire Allied Clinical Laboratories, Inc. of Nashville, Tennessee, reducing their takeover offer to $204 million after federal officials issued new subpoenas in an investigation of Medicare billing practices at Allied Clinical Laboratories Inc. In 1993, Allied generated revenues of US$163 million. The former President and CEO of Allied Clinical, Haywood D. Cochrane, Jr., then became Vice Chairman of National Health Laboratories. In order to complete the cash transaction, the company discontinued paying its dividend at that time. By the end of 1994, the company had run into financial difficulty again, as it struggled through the economic soft landing that year. Its earnings dropped by over two-thirds, to only US$30 million. The stock never traded that year at more than half of its 1993 peak, and at its 1994 low, it was down by nearly two-thirds from the all-time high. On April 28, 1995 National Health Laboratories Holdings Inc. merged with Roche Biomedical Laboratories, Inc | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13072917 |
LabCorp and changed its name to Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings. It began trading under its new ticker symbol LH. Shareholders of National Health Laboratories received 0.72 shares of the new company, plus $5.60 in cash, for a 50.1 percent interest in the new company. At the time, James R. Maher was President and Chief Executive Officer of National Health Laboratories. Following the merger, Maher relinquished those positions, and instead became Chairman of the new company, succeeding the financier Ronald O. Perelman in that position. Perelman received about US$100 million from the deal, which made the new company the largest blood-testing company in the United States. The merged company created revenues of US$1.7 billion. National Health Laboratories already held long-term debt of US$351 million. Together with the Roche debt, the combined companies owed US$590 million prior to the merger. Another US$288 million was added to help finance the payout to shareholders. By year-end 1995, the new company's total debt reached US$959 million. Roche Biomedical Laboratories had been created by and was a wholly owned subsidiary of Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc., the American arm of the Swiss medical conglomerate, Roche Holding, Limited. Before 1982, the core of Roche Biomedical Laboratories had been Biomedical Reference Laboratories, which dated from the late 1960s, and was located in Burlington, North Carolina. That core company had become publicly traded in 1979. Hoffman-La Roche acquired it for US$163 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13072917 |
LabCorp 5 million in 1982 and then merged it with all of its laboratories, and incorporated the merged company that year as Roche Biomedical Laboratories, Inc. in Burlington. By the early 1990s, Roche Biomedical had become one of the largest clinical laboratory networks in the United States, with US$600 million in sales. By 1993 Roche Biomedical Laboratories had revenues of US$712 million, with 17 major laboratories. Dr. James Powell was President of Roche Biomedical, and after the merger with National Health Laboratories he became President and CEO of the new company, Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings, which then relocated from La Jolla, California to the Roche Biomedical headquarters in Burlington, North Carolina. Hoffmann-La Roche also contributed US$186.7 million in cash to the deal, and retained 49.9 interest in the new merged company. By year-end 1995, the new Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings suffered a marginal loss of a few million dollars. The stock price dropped by almost half again through the year, to within 10% of its all-time low since going public a half dozen years earlier. By early the next year, it broke marginally below that level, and set a new all-time low. In July 1998, acquired the Michigan-based laboratory division of "Universal Standard Healthcare" (UHCI). also acquired an equity position in Universal Standard Healthcare and has become UHCI's clinical laboratory long-term testing provider but terminated this agreement one year later | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13072917 |
LabCorp In June 2000, completed the acquisition of San Diego-based "Pathology Medical Laboratories" for an undisclosed amount. In 2000, generated revenues of US$1.9 billion with over 18,000 employees. In May 2001, completed its acquisition of "Path Lab Holdings Inc.", the largest regional laboratory in New England, and just a few weeks later the acquisition of Minneapolis-based "ViroMed Inc.", specialized on clinical diagnostic testing in virology, molecular biology, serology, microbiology, mycology and mycobacteriology, as well as in tissue/eye bank testing, for an undisclosed amount. In December 2001, became the exclusive marketer for genomics and proteomics predictive cancer test products made by Myriad Genetics, Inc. In May 2002, announced the acquisition of all outstanding Shares of Canadian medical laboratory services company Dynacare Inc. for $480 million in cash and own shares. In January 2003, acquired all of the outstanding shares of "Dianon", a provider of anatomical pathology and oncology testing services, for $598 million in cash. In 2005, LabCorp's revenues totaled $3.3 billion; in 2006, revenues were $3.6 billion; and in 2007, revenues reached $4.1 billion. In March 2005, announced the acquisition of all outstanding Shares of "Esoterix, Inc.", a leading provider of specialty reference testing, for approximately $150 million in cash from private equity firm "Behrman Capital". In November 2006, acquired "Litholink Corporation", a kidney stone analysis laboratory | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13072917 |
LabCorp In December 2007, acquired "Tandem Labs", a Contract research organization specializing in advanced mass spectrometry, immunoanalytical support, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics, headquartered in Salt Lake City, UT for an undisclosed amount. In June 2009, acquired Monogram Biosciences, a diagnostic lab specializing in HIV resistance testing, headquartered in South San Francisco, CA, in a cash tender of $4.55 per share for approximately $155 million including debt. In May 2010, acquired the assets of its Santa Ana, California-based rival "Westcliff Medical Laboratory" which had just filed a Chapter 11 bankruptcy action in federal court. The FTC challenged this acquisition but lost in court. In September 2010, announced the acquisition of "Genzyme Genetics", formerly a division of Genzyme, with 9 testing laboratories and approximately 1900 employees, for $925 million in cash. In June 2011, acquired their Canadian central labs partner "Clearstone" from investment firm "Czura Thornton" for an undisclosed amount, thus adding Clearstone's global network of central laboratories, including sites in China, France, Singapore and Canada, and the central laboratory protocol management system APOLLO CLPM to their portfolio. In November 2011, completed the acquisition of more than 90% of the shares of DNA testing company "Orchid Cellmark" for $85 million but had to sell parts of Orchid's paternity business to "DNA Diagnostics Center" | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13072917 |
LabCorp In May 2012, Clinical Trials sold its European biological sampling kit building operation located in Hamburg to clinical supply chain solutions provider "Marken". In August 2012, completed the acquisition of rival testing lab "Medtox Scientific" for $241 million. In September 2013, acquired "MuirLab", the clinical laboratory outreach business from John Muir Health. In October 2014, announced it had entered into an agreement to acquire Covance Inc. for approximately $6.1 billion. Just a few weeks later, completed its $85.3 million acquisition of "LipoScience", a developer of diagnostic tests based on nuclear magnetic resonance technology measuring heart disease risk. In December 2014, announced the completion of its acquisition of "Bode Technology Group, Inc.", a provider of forensic DNA analysis, DNA collection products, and relationship testing, "from SolutionPoint International, Inc." for an undisclosed amount. Bode was described in 2019 as the largest DNA forensic testing company in the USA. In October 2015, announced the acquisition of "Safe Foods International Holdings, LLC" and its two operating companies, "International Food Network" and "The National Food Laboratory" for an undisclosed amount, thus expanding their capabilities in food and beverage product-development and product-integrity. In March 2016, completed the acquisition of Torrance, CA-based laboratory firm "Pathology Inc | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13072917 |
LabCorp ", a provider of expertise in reproductive FDA donor testing as well as anatomic, molecular and digital pathology services, for an undisclosed amount. In August 2016, announced it would acquire Sequenom for $371 million including debt, thus expanding its reach overseas, especially in Europe and Asia. In October 2016, acquired "ClearPath Diagnostics", a provider of laboratory diagnostic services in the Northeastern United States, from private equity firm "Shore Capital Partners" for an undisclosed amount. In May 2017, acquired the Pathology Associates Medical Laboratories in Spokane, WA from Providence Health & Services and Catholic Health Initiatives for an undisclosed sum. In July 2017, acquired the contract research organisation (CRO) "Chiltern" for $1.2 Billion. In March 2020, received emergency use authorization from the FDA for a test for 2019-nCov to help address the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic. LabCorp, is one of the six large commercial lab companies that are conducting most of the United States' coronavirus testing, along with ARUP, BioReference Laboratories, Mayo Clinic, Quest Diagnostics, and Sonic Healthcare. According to the American Clinical Laboratory Association, by April 1, together these laboratories had completed 807,000 COVID-19 tests. has been criticized for its practice of paying the salaries of genetic counselors in hospitals and doctors' offices, which is perceived to be a possible conflict of interest. In July 2018, was hit with a ransomware attack | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13072917 |
LabCorp , the Board of Directors includes Garheng Kong. In 1997 Roche owned 49.7% of but sold all of their stock until 2002. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13072917 |
Reversible charge injection limit For an electrode in a solution with a particular size and geometry, the reversible charge injection limit is the amount of charge that can move from the electrode to the surroundings without causing a chemical reaction that is irreversible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13092163 |
Supreme Palace enclosure Tai Wei Yuan, the Supreme Palace Enclosure (太微垣), is one of the San Yuan or Three enclosures. Stars and constellations of this group are visible during spring in the Northern Hemisphere (autumn in the Southern). The asterisms are : | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13095934 |
Heavenly Market enclosure The Heavenly Market Enclosure (天市垣, "Tian Shi Yuan"), is one of the "San Yuan" or Three enclosures. Stars and constellations of this group are visible during late summer and early autumn in the Northern Hemisphere (late winter and early spring in the Southern). The Summer Triangle lies directly to the northwest. The asterisms are : | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13096070 |
Purple Forbidden enclosure The ( Zǐ wēi yuán) is one of the San Yuan ( Sān yuán) or Three Enclosures. Stars and constellations of this group lie near the north celestial pole and are visible all year from temperate latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere. The asterisms are : | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13096236 |
Discovery District The is one of the commercial districts in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It has a high concentration of hospitals and research institutions, particularly those related to biotechnology. The district is roughly bounded by Bloor Street on the north, Bay Street on the east, Dundas Street on the south, and Spadina Avenue on the west. The area includes the main campus of the University of Toronto, as well as university affiliated leading health-care facilities such as the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto General Hospital, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute and the MaRS Discovery District. These buildings are concentrated along the section of University Avenue between Dundas and College Streets. An extension of the is located at the southwest block of Kensington Market at the intersection of Dundas and Bathurst Streets, where the Krembil Research Institute of the Toronto Western Hospital is located. This area was subdivided from three main 'park lot' estates: Macaulay Estate (to the east, became a residential district known as 'the Ward' until demolished), Elmsley Estate (redivided with the Macaulay Estate which was concentrated to the south | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13097619 |
Discovery District Elmsley estate is closely tied with the history of both the University of Toronto and the commercial district on Yonge Street) and the Powell Estate (became the 'University Park' now the University of Toronto) A short stretch of Gerrard Street West from Bay Street to LaPlante Avenue was referred to as Gerrard Village, a Bohemian Greenwich Village like area from the late 19th century to the early 1970s. This area is referred to by Statistics Canada as census tract 5350035.00. According to the 2011 National Household Survey, 80% of the population surveyed reported an income of over $50 000 annually. This is almost 30% higher than the average provincial income. For the total 2011 population within the discovery district 395 people made between $30 000 ad $39 000 annually, 410 made between $40 000 and $49 000, and 2250 made over $50 000. The accuracy of these figures is questionable due to the National Household Survey being optional, and therefore wealthier people could possibly be over represented. But considering the location in the heart of downtown Toronto and the rapid expansion of condominium build ups, people would have to make more money to live here. Statistics Canada. National Household Survey 2011 The original plans for the Town of York (later City of Toronto) divided the City along Lot Street (Queen Street) with a street grid creating small urban 'town lots' to the south and large rectangular 'park lots' (farms) to the north | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13097619 |
Discovery District The 'park lots' along Lot St (Queen) were given to many of York's (Toronto's) most prominent families who had professions and sometimes even a separate house in the Town and generally did not farm; therefore they often did not clear their lots of the natural forest. As each 'park lot' extended in a rectangle from Lot Street (Queen) to what would become Bloor, most of the estate houses were built on the north side of Lot Street opposite the Town. Four 'park lots' (numbers 9 to 12) comprised the area north of Queen just across from the heart of Toronto between Yonge Street and just west of College Avenue (now University Ave). Three of the families occupying these lots built large estate homes all fairly far north of Lot St (Queen): The situation of these lots just north of the town meant that this land was in high demand as the city outgrew its original boundaries south of Lot (Queen). As most Toronto streets started at Lot (Queen), the 'park lots' commanded impressive views into the town and many of the buildings that were built as the 'park lots' were subdivided by their owner, were impressive institutions such as Osgoode Hall (Upper Canada's Law Courts) still standing, built at the top of York Street by 1832 just two years before the Town of York became a City with the name Toronto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13097619 |
Discovery District By the time Toronto became a city in 1834, the area south of Lot St (Queen) from the Garrison Creek to the Don River had all been subdivided and the four 'park lots' north of Lot St (Queen) were subdivided by their owners with the eastern lot (Macaulay's estate) becoming the first residential district north of Queen, the western lot (Powell's estate) becoming the 'University Park', gated parkland intended to become Toronto's University and the area between on the north side of Lot St (Queen) attracting various institutions and businesses. The area just north of Lot St (Queen) became something of an institutional area with buildings such as the House of Industry (still standing), the Armoury (behind Osgoode Hall, now demolished for the University Avenue Court Houses) and the Eaton's Company store to the south (creating 'the cavern' with the Hudson Bay building on the south of Queen St) and the University of Toronto in the 'University Park' to the north which was gated at Queen St & College Ave (University Ave) and was largely forested. By about 1900 there still remained a large residential district called 'The Ward' which became Toronto's first Chinatown but also attracted many attempts to have it demolished as it was economically depressed | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13097619 |
Discovery District At this time some of Toronto's oldest and most important institutions south of Queen were replaced with larger buildings north of Queen St such as Old City Hall (called 'New' City Hall at this time) at the top of Bay Street and the Ontario Parliament Building; Queen's Park on the University grounds at the top of College Avenue (renamed University Ave). Part of 'The Ward' had been demolished for the building of New City Hall (Now Old City Hall) and in the years after the first world war, several plans were made to more closely link the institutional area north of Queen with the older town to the south. Two plans in particular substantially changed this area although both ultimately collapsed with the Great Depression. University Avenue was extended south of Queen street although the street itself, formerly a large quiet street leading to Queen's Park and the 'University Park' was only slowly turned into the bustling Boulevard of towers and hospitals it is today, none of the Art Deco towers originally planned for the street were ever built. The second plan called for a new 'Federal Avenue' in the middle of the old town's grid (between Bay and York Streets) starting from the new Union Station north to a proposed Government complex on the north side of Queen. Many buildings in 'The Ward' were purchased by the government before the plan fell through | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13097619 |
Discovery District In the 1960s with the City of Toronto annexing the last independent municipalities, 'The Ward' was demolished and a new City Hall was built on the north side of Queen Street between what became Old City Hall and Osgoode Hall. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13097619 |
Mahmoud Behzad Professor (, b. 1913 - d. 2007), born in Rasht, the capital city of Gilan province, is known as the father of modern biology in Iran. He wrote more than 100 books in Persian and participated in the authorship of more than 200 books in Iran. The son of a lapidary, Behzad completed his initial education in Rasht before pursuing his bachelor's degree at the teachers' training college ("Dāneshsarāy-e 'Āli") in Tehran. He was the founder of Iran Scholarly Books Editing Organization and was fluent in English, French and German. Behzad was known for the books of French science writer Jean Rostand and English naturalist Charles Darwin that he translated. He worked for more than five years in Alborz High School as vice president and biology teacher. He died due to stomach cancer in his home in Rasht. In the last years of his life, Behzad worked in Shargh pharmacy in Rasht where he was ready to answer his fans and former students. His older son, Prof. Faramarz Behzad, was previously a lecturer of Persian at Otto-Friedrich University in Bamberg, and a lexicographer. His only daughter, Prof. Parichehr Behzad works in the research department of Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. Behzad's younger son, Hooshang Behzad, lives and works in Shiraz as an architect. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13114237 |
Stanko Karaman Stanko Luka Karaman (8 December 1889 – 17 May 1959) was a Yugoslav biologist of Bosnian Serb ancestry, researcher on amphipod and isopod crustaceans. In 1926 he founded the Museum of South Serbia (later - Macedonian Museum of Natural History) in Skopje and in 1928, the Zoological Garden of Skopje. Several species are named after him, for example "Delamarella karamani" (Harpacticoida), "Stygophalangium karamani" (Arachnida), or "Macedonethes stankoi" (Isopoda). Other taxa named "karamani" are labeled after his son Gordan S. Karaman, also a carcinologist. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13128936 |
Hassan Farsam (September 27, 1932 in Tehran – February 5, 2016) was an Iranian pharmacist and medical chemist. He studied pharmacy at Tehran University and became a medical chemistry specialist in 1960. Farsam received post doctorate in Pharmaceutical Chemistry from Paris University (1964) and University of California (1988). He was a Professor of Medical Chemistry in Faculty of Pharmacy of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. He was also a permanent member of the Iranian Academy of Medical Sciences. He published more than 100 original research papers in international and local journals, and he also trained several generations of pharmacy students. He supervised many students and inspired them to pursue a research career in the pharmaceutical fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13138678 |
Julius Victor Carus (July 25, 1823 – March 10, 1903) was a German zoologist, comparative anatomist and entomologist. Carus was born in Leipzig. He served as curator of the Museum of Comparative Anatomy at Oxford University from 1849 to 1851, and as professor of comparative anatomy and director of the Zoological Museum at the University of Leipzig in 1853. Carus was an early supporter of Darwinism. With Charles Darwin's approval he became his German translator. In 1875, Carus issued a German edition of Darwin's collected works. Translation of French Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13139979 |
Thorbergur Thorvaldson M.Sc., PhD. (August 24, 1883 – October 4, 1965) was an Icelandic-Canadian chemist. He was the head of the Department of Chemistry at the University of Saskatchewan. Thorvaldson and his team at the National Research Council developed a sulphate-resistant cement in 1919 which prevented decay and deterioration in existing structures. He served as president of the Canadian Institute of Chemistry in 1941. In 1946 he was named first dean of graduate studies at the University of Saskatchewan. Thorvaldson's family settled in Gimli, Manitoba. Thorvaldson graduated from the University of Manitoba with honours. He was made a Knight ( Riddari ) in the Order of the Falcon ( Hin íslenska fálkaorða ) in 1939. Henry Marshall Tory Medal was awarded to Thorbergur Thorvaldson, FRSC Professor Emeritus at the University of Saskatchewan in 1951. The official dedication ceremony of the Chemistry Building on the University of Saskatchewan campus was held June 1966 wherein the building was named in honour of Thorbergur Thorvaldson. Thorvaldson was a pioneer researcher in the development of cement that would not deteriorate in alkaline ground water areas. In 1966, Thorvaldson Lake in northern Saskatchewan was named in his honour. Thorvaldson Lake Location: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13147689 |
Submersion (coastal management) Submersion is the sustainable cyclic portion of coastal erosion where coastal sediments move from the visible portion of a beach to the submerged nearshore region, and later return to the original visible portion of the beach. The recovery portion of the sustainable cycle of sediment behaviour is (accretion). The sediment that is submerged during rough weather forms landforms including storm bars. In calmer weather waves return sediment to the visible part of the beach. Due to longshore drift some sediment can end up further along the beach from where it started. Often coastal areas have developed sustainable coastal positions where the sediment moving off beaches is sustainable submersion. On many inhabited coastlines, anthropogenic interference in coastal processes has meant that erosion is often more permanent than submersion. The term "erosion" often is associated with undesirable impacts on the environment, whereas submersion should be celebrated as a sustainable part of healthy foreshores. Communities making decisions about coastal management need to develop understanding of the components of beach recession and be able to separate the component that is temporary sustainable submersion from the more serious irreversible anthropogenic or climate change erosion portion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13167602 |
Accretion (coastal management) Accretion is the process of coastal sediment returning to the visible portion of a beach or foreshore following a submersion event. A sustainable beach or foreshore often goes through a cycle of submersion during rough weather then accretion during calmer periods. If a coastline is not in a healthy sustainable state, then erosion can be more serious and accretion does not fully restore the original volume of the visible beach or foreshore leading to permanent beach loss. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13167630 |
Roman Ulrich Sexl (19 October 1939 – 10 July 1986) was one of the leading Austrian theoretical physicists. He is famous for his textbooks on Special relativity. His most cited work is "On the gravitational field of a massless particle" together with Peter C. Aichelburg. Since 1972 he was professor for Cosmology and General Relativity at the University of Vienna. From 1971 to 1975 he was the director of the Institute for Space Exploration at the Austrian Academy of Sciences. In 1980 he received the Robert Wichard-Pohl prize. Today there is the annual Roman-Ulrich-Sexl-Prize for extraordinary achievements in teaching physics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13177394 |
Satellite Analysis Branch The United States Satellite Analysis Branch, part of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service's Satellite Services Division, is the operational focal point for real-time imagery products within NESDIS. It is also responsible for doing Dvorak technique intensity fixes on tropical cyclones. Its roots lie in the establishment of the Meteorological Satellite Section by January 1959. Its primary mission is to "operate new proof of concept satellite analysis techniques needed to support disaster mitigation and warning services" for the U.S. government and its agencies. It also distributes real-time satellite imagery from geostationary satellites. The SAB also produces graphics for Tropical Rainfall Potential forecasts for all tropical systems in the Western Hemisphere and many in the Eastern Hemisphere. Away from tropical cyclones, the SAB functions as the Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center, having been designated as such by the International Civil Aviation Organization in 1997. It also does snow and ice analysis, and has done so, along with its parent organizations NESDIS and SSD, since 1966. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13178508 |
Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure IV. Constants of Diatomic Molecules Molecular Spectra and Molecular Structure IV. Constants of Diatomic Molecules, by K. P. Huber and Gerhard Herzberg (Van nostrand Reinhold company, New York, 1979, ), is a classic comprehensive multidisciplinary reference text contains a critical compilation of available data for all diatomic molecules and ions known at the time of publication - over 900 diatomic species in all - including electronic energies, vibrational and rotational constants, and observed transitions. Extensive footnotes discuss the reliability of these data and additional detailed informationon potential energy curves, spin-coupling constants, /\-type doubling, perturbations between electronic states, hyperfine structure, rotational g factors, dipole moments, radiative lifetimes, oscillator strengths, dissociation energies and ionization potentials when available, and other aspects. Herzberg received the 1971 Nobel Prize in Chemistry; both authors are world-renowned highly respected scientists. Physics, engineering, mathematics, kinetics, spectroscopy, astronomy, astrophysics, aeronautics, astronautics, radiation, optics, energy, photometry, spectrometry, electromagnetics, oscillators, thermochemistry, thermodynamics, ionization, X-rays, ESR, photoelectrons, electronics, industry, science and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13182486 |
Janusz Andrzej Zakrzewski (July 23, 1932 in Kraków – October 26, 2008 in Warsaw) was a Polish physicist. He was a professor of the University of Warsaw (since 1971), member of the Warsaw Scientific Society (since 1984), Polish Academy of Sciences (1986), Polish Academy of Learning. He served as President of the Polish Physical Society between 1987–1991. Zakrzewski was a researcher and author of works about high-energy nuclear physics and elementary particles. He participated in discovery of heavy atomic nucleus (1961) and double hypernucleus (1963). He was a co-author (with Andrzej Kajetan Wróblewski) of handbook "Wstęp do fizyki" ("Introduction to physics"). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13195729 |
Konstanty Zakrzewski (14 January 1876 in Warsaw – 19 January 1948 in Kraków) was a Polish physicist. He was a professor of the Jagiellonian University (1911–1913 and since 1917) and professor of the Lviv University (1913–1917), member of the Polish Academy of Learning (since 1920). Zakrzewski was a researcher of electron theory of metals, optics, and dielectric properties of substances. He was an initiator of cosmic ray research in Poland (1947). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13195957 |
Carlo Emery (25 October 1848, Naples – 11 May 1925) was an Italian entomologist. He is remembered for Emery's rule, which states that insect social parasites are often closely related to their hosts. Early in his career pursued a course in general medicine, and in 1872 narrowed his interests to ophthalmology. In 1878 he was appointed Professor of Zoology at the University of Cagliari, remaining there for several years until 1881 when he took up an appointment at the University of Bologna as Professor of Zoology, remaining there for thirty-five years until his death. Emery specialised in Hymenoptera, but his early work was on Coleoptera. Prior to 1869, his earliest works were a textbook of general zoology and papers on fishes and molluscs. From 1869 to 1925 he devoted himself almost entirely to the study of ants. Emery published extensively between 1869 and 1926 describing 130 genera and 1057 species mainly in Wytsman's "Genera Insectorum" series. Emery’s collections of Hymenoptera are in Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova. His Coleoptera are in Museo Civico di Zoologia di Roma. He died at Bologna in 1925. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13195996 |
Leonello Picco (1876–1921) was an Italian entomologist who specialised in Coleoptera and Hemiptera. His main work was Contributo allo studio della fauna entomologica Italiano. Elenco sistematico degli Emitteri finora raccolti nella Provincia di Roma. (1908). This treatise is a catalogue in systematic order of 423 species in 229 genera and 24 families of Hemiptera from the Province of Rome with full references as a contribution to an entomological fauna of Italy. It builds on the previous list of Carlo de Fiore which listed 144 species in 100 genera. Picco acknowledges the help of Giovanni Battista Grassi then Professor in Rome. A meticulous entomologist and specialist Picco lists the works he used for determinations principally monographs by Franz Xaver Fieber, Étienne Mulsant and Charles Jean-Baptiste Amyot. He described "Evacanthus rostagnoi" (Picco, L. 1921), a species of Leafhopper. His collection is in the Museo Civico di Zoologia in Rome. Picco was a Member of La Società Entomologica Italiana. Conci, C. 1975: Repertorio delle biografie e bibliografie degli scrittori e cultori italiani di entomologia. "Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital". 48 1969(4);986-987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13197423 |
Paolo Luigioni (9 February 1873, Rome – 6 May 1937, Rome) was an Italian entomologist. Luigioni was a Rome University professor and Curator of the Museo Civico di Zoologia di Roma where the main his collection is kept. Other parts are in the Natural History Museum in Pescasseroli. He specialised in the Coleoptera, Hemiptera, and other insects of the Abruzzi, now a National Park (Parco Nazionale d'Abruzzo, Lazio e Molise. Conci, C. 1975: Repertorio delle biografie e bibliografie degli scrittori e cultori italiani di entomologia. "Mem. Soc. Ent. Ital." 48 1969(4):945-946. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13197541 |
Gustavo Leonardi (27 February 1869, Civezzano, County of Tyrol – 25 August 1918, Vintimille) was an Italian entomologist. Leonardi was an entomology assistant in the universities of Padua and Portici before becoming a plant disease inspector at Vintimille. He wrote 45 publications on pest insects, such as "Monografia delle Cocciniglie italiane" (1920). With Agostino Lunardoni (1857–1933), he wrote a four volume treatise on pest insects in Italy (1889–1901). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13198054 |
Snow pillow A snow pillow is a device for measuring snowpack, especially for automated reporting stations such as SNOTEL. The snow pillow measures the water equivalent of the snow pack based on hydrostatic pressure created by overlying snow.. Any discrepancy due to bridging is minimized by the large dimension of the pillow, typically . Another application for snow pillows is to estimate the snow weight on a roof to warn of potential for roof collapse. Snow pillows were developed in the early 1960s. Large dimensions (e.g. size 3 × 3m) of the pillow prevent any bridging that might occur from having an effect on the measurement readings. For snow pressure measurement on roofs using a smaller snow pillow (e.g. 1 × 1m) is the better choice, because of the weight of the filling of the snow pillow. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13207749 |
Stephen Parke (born 1950) is a New Zealand physicist. He is a Distinguished Scientist and former Head of the Theoretical Physics Department at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Batavia, Illinois). Born in Gisborne, New Zealand, Parke attended St Peter's College, Auckland and the University of Auckland in New Zealand. He was a graduate student of Sidney Coleman at Harvard University, obtaining a PhD in theoretical particle physics. He held a postdoctoral fellowship at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (1980–1983) before moving to the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. He is an originator of Parke-Taylor amplitudes, which represent a new approach to computing scattering amplitudes in quantum chromodynamics using symmetry methods such as supersymmetry. Parke is also an expert on neutrino physics as well as the physics of the top quark. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13221438 |
Paul Mackenzie Paul B. Mackenzie (born 1950) is a theoretical physicist at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. He did graduate work in physics at Cornell University where he was a student of G. Peter Lepage. He is an expert on Lattice Gauge Theory. He is the chair of the Executive Committee of USQCD, the US collaboration for developing the necessary supercomputing hardware and software for quantum chromodynamics formulated on a lattice. Mackenzie's has published 71 scientific papers listed in the INSPIRE-HEP Literature Database. The most widely cited of them, "Viability of lattice perturbation theory" in Physical Review D 48 (5), pp. 2250–2264 (1993) has been cited 589 times by March 2009. The second most widely cited, "On the elimination of scale ambiguities in perturbative quantum chromodynamics " Physical Review D 28 (1), pp. 228–235 (1983) has been cited 406 times. Both papers are with Lepage, and the second also with Stan Brodsky. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13221513 |
NGC 7315 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation of Pegasus. It was discovered on 11 September 1872 by Édouard Stephan. It was described as "very faint, extremely small, round, brighter middle" by John Louis Emil Dreyer, the compiler of the New General Catalogue. SN 2007B, a type Ia supernova, was discovered in in January 2007. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13223329 |
RA-1 Enrico Fermi is a research reactor in Argentina and the first nuclear reactor to be built in that country. Construction started April 1957, with first criticality 17 January 1958. It produced the first medical and industrial radioisotopes made in Argentina, and was used to train staff for the first two nuclear power stations there. It is a pool type, with enriched uranium oxide fuel (20% U-235), light water coolant and moderator, and a graphite reflector. It produces 40 kilowatts of thermal energy at full authorised power. It has been modernised on several occasions, and is currently used for research and teaching. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13227535 |
Charles A. Alluaud (4 May 1861, Limoges – 12 December 1949, Crozant) was a French entomologist. The Alluaud family had owned porcelain factories since the 18th century. His great grandfather had been chairman of the "" and his grandfather, François Alluaud (1778–1866), was a porcelain manufacturer, archaeologist, and geologist. Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot (1796–1875) taught painting to Charles and his brother Eugene. Charles left Limoges for Paris to supplement his studies but was an undisciplined pupil. The death of his parents enabled him to become an explorer. From 1887 to 1930, he went on many journeys in Africa (Ivory Coast, Madagascar, Kilimanjaro, Tunisia, Morocco, Sudan, the Sahara, Niger), the Canary Islands, Seychelles and Mascarene Islands. He assembled an important collections of insects during his voyages, later giving these to the entomology department of the '. He was the author of 165 entomological publications. He was president of the ' in 1899 and 1914. Emmanuel Drake del Castillo (1855–1904) dedicated the plant genus "Alluaudia" to him. A genus and three species of reptiles are named in his honor: "Alluaudina", "Amphiglossos alluaudi", "Langaha alluaudi", and "Uroplatus alluaudi". A species of ant, "Plagiolepis alluaudi", is also named after him. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13231567 |
Arnold Pagenstecher Arnold Andreas Friedrich Pagenstecher (25 December 1837, Dillenburg – 11 June 1913, Wiesbaden) was a German doctor and entomologist. He was especially interested in Lepidoptera, especially Papilionidae. He wrote "Die geographische Verbreitung der Schmetterlinge". Jena: Gustav Fischer 451 p. Maps (1909). Trained as a physician, he studied medicine at the universities of Würzburg, Berlin and Utrecht. He then worked as an assistant for his cousin, Alexander Pagenstecher (1828–1879), at the latter's ophthalmology clinic in Wiesbaden. In 1863 he settled as general practitioner in Wiesbaden, specializing in otological medicine. In 1876 he became a "Sanitätsrat" (medical officer), followed by an appointment as "Geheimen Sanitätsrat" (privy medical counselor) in 1896. He is known for his extensive studies of Lepidoptera species native to the Maritime Southeast Asia. In the treatise, "Die geographische Verbreitung der Schmetterlinge", he dealt with the underlying causes involving the geographical distribution of Lepidoptera. He was the author of noted works on the family Callidulidae and the subfamily Libytheidae. He directed the Wiesbaden Natural History Museum from 1882 until his death in 1913. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13246070 |
NUCLEP Nuclep is Nuclebrás Equipamentos Pesados SA, and Nuclebrás is Empresas Nucleares Brasileiras SA, part of Nuclep. Nuclep (Brazil) was founded in December 1975 to design and fabricate heavy components for nuclear power plants. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13247256 |
Tropospheric ozone depletion events During springtime in the polar regions, unique photochemistry converts inert halide salt ions (e.g. Br) into reactive halogen species (e.g. Br atoms and BrO) that episodically deplete ozone in the atmospheric boundary layer to near zero levels. Since their discovery in the late 1980s, research on these ozone depletion events (ODEs) has shown the central role of bromine photochemistry. Due to the autocatalytic nature of the reaction mechanism, it has been called bromine explosion. It's still not fully understood how salts are transported from the ocean and oxidized to become reactive halogen species in the air. Other halogens (chlorine and iodine) are also activated through mechanisms coupled to bromine chemistry. The main consequence of halogen activation is chemical destruction of ozone, which removes the primary precursor of atmospheric oxidation, and generation of reactive halogen atoms/oxides that become the primary oxidizing species. The different reactivity of halogens as compared to OH and ozone has broad impacts on atmospheric chemistry, including near complete removal and deposition of mercury, alteration of oxidation fates for organic gases, and export of bromine into the free troposphere. Recent changes in the climate of the Arctic and state of the Arctic sea ice cover are likely to have strong effects on halogen activation and ODEs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13248494 |
Filippo Silvestri (22 June 1873 – 10 June 1949) was an Italian entomologist. He specialised in world Protura, Thysanura, Diplura and Isoptera, but also worked on Hymenoptera, Myriapoda and Italian Diptera. He is also noted for describing and naming the previously unknown order Zoraptera. In 1938 he was nominated to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, the scientific academy of the Vatican. Silvestri was born in Bevagna. A keen young naturalist, he became assistant to Giovanni Battista Grassi (1854–1925), Director of the Institute of Anatomical Research of the University of Rome. In 1904, Silvestri became Director of the Institute of Entomology and Zoology at the agricultural college in Portici (the Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e Agraria, now Faculty of Agriculture), a position he held for 45 years. He discovered polyembryony in the 1930s while working on "Litomatix truncatellus" Hymenoptera. His collection is in the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova. Duplicates of Isoptera are in the Swedish Museum of Natural History and a few Diplopoda (millipede) types are in the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin. Filippo Sivestri has been commemorated in the names of the following: a square in his home town, Bevagna; a high school in Portici, the town where he worked and died; and a street in Rome (00134 Borgo Lotti). A species of South American worm lizard, "Amphisbaena silvestrii" is named in his honor. Publications on termites. Translated from Wikipedia France | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13262159 |
Forebulge In geology, a forebulge is a flexural bulge in front of a load on the lithosphere. The load causes the lithosphere to flex by depressing the plate beneath it. Because of the flexural rigidity of the lithosphere, the area around the load is uplifted by a height that is 4% of that of the depression under the load. The load and the resulting flexure place stress on the mantle, causing it to flow into the area around the loaded area. The subsidence of the area under the load and the uplift of the forebulge continue until the load is in isostatic equilibrium, a process that takes on the order of 10,000 to 20,000 years. Because of the coupling with the mantle, the rate of forebulge formation and collapse is controlled by mantle viscosity. One cause for forebulge formation is loading of the continental lithosphere by ice sheets during continental glaciations. Because of the removal of the ice sheets, the formerly-glaciated areas are currently rising in a phenomenon known as post-glacial rebound. Because of the coupling of the mantle with the plates, data from post-glacial rebound are used as a direct probe of the viscosity of the upper mantle. As the ice melts and the land under it rises by isostatic recovery, the forebulge also subsides. subsidence is the reason why the Netherlands and parts of southern England are still slowly sinking. One estimate is that the centre of the North Sea rose by about 170 m (558 ft) during the Ice Age because of forebulging | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13263438 |
Forebulge Collisions between tectonic plates and island arcs lead to loading and flexure of the lithosphere. The flexure produces a significant forebulge, which divides a forearc basin and a back arc basin. The existence of a forebulge is predicted by the solution to the equations for the flexure of a thin elastic beam or plate (the lithosphere). The magnitude of the flexure goes as an exponentially decaying sinusoid. The lithosphere is therefore anomalously high at a flexural half-wavelength past the load; the flexural wavelength is determined in large part by the elastic thickness of the lithosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13263438 |
Alternate-Phase Return-to-Zero (APRZ) is an optical line code. In APRZ the field intensity drops to zero between consecutive bits, and the field phase alternates between neighbouring bits, so that if the phase of the signal is, for example, 0 in even bits (bit number 2"n"), the phase in odd bit slots (bit number 2"n"+1) will be "ΔΦ", the phase alternation amplitude. Return-to-zero can be seen as a special case of APRZ in which "ΔΦ"=0, while Carrier-Suppressed Return-to-Zero (CSRZ) can be viewed as a special case of APRZ in which "ΔΦ"=π (and the duty cycle is 67%, at least in the standard form of CSRZ). APRZ can be used to generate specific optical modulation formats, for example, APRZ-OOK, in which data is coded on the intensity of the signal using a binary scheme (light on=1, light off=0). APRZ is often used to designate APRZ-OOK. The characteristic properties of an APRZ signal are those to have a spectrum similar to that of an RZ signal, except that frequency peaks at a spacing of "B"/2 as opposed to "B" are observed (where "B" is the bit rate). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13293216 |
Seed nucleus A seed nucleus is an isotope that is the starting point for any of a variety of fusion chain reactions. The mix of nuclei produced at the conclusion of the chain reaction generally depends strongly on the relative availability of the seed nucleus or nuclei and the component being fused--whether neutrons as in the r-process and s-process or protons as in the rp-process. A smaller proportion of seed nuclei will generally result in products of larger mass, whereas a larger seed-to-neutron or seed-to-proton ratio will tend to produce comparatively lighter masses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13301535 |
Wuxian (Shang dynasty) Wuxian (Chinese: 巫咸) was a Chinese Shaman, or Wu (Chinese: 巫; pinyin: wū; Wade–Giles: wu; literally means "shaman") who have practiced divination, prayer, sacrifice, rainmaking, and healing in Chinese traditions dating back over 3,000 years. Wuxian lived in the Shang dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BC) of China, and served under king Tai Wu. He is considered as one of the main ancient Chinese astronomers alongside more historical figures such as Gan De and Shi Shen, the latter two of whom lived during the Warring States (403–221 BC). He has also been represented as one of the "Three Astronomical Traditions" on the Dunhuang map which was made during the Tang dynasty (618–907). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13302135 |
Convective momentum transport usually describes a vertical flux of the momentum of horizontal winds or currents. That momentum is carried like a non-conserved flow tracer by vertical air motions in convection. In the atmosphere, convective momentum transport by small but vigorous (cumulus type) cloudy updrafts can be understood as an interplay of three main mechanisms: The net effect of these interacting mechanisms depends on the detailed configuration or 'organization' of the convective cloud or storm system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13310687 |
Speleoseismite A speleoseismite is a damaged speleothem (cave deposit) argued to have been deformed by a seismic event (an earthquake). Speleoseismites can include severed stalagmites (those growing from the floor), fallen stalactites (those growing from the ceiling of caves), collapsed cave ceilings, tilted speleothems, change in growth axis of speleothems, stalactite-stalagmite pair displaced from one another and others. These seismites can be used in paleoseismological studies of ancient earthquakes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13315749 |
Ozsváth–Schücking metric The Ozsváth–Schücking metric, or the Ozsváth–Schücking solution, is a vacuum solution of the Einstein field equations. The metric was published by István Ozsváth and Engelbert Schücking in 1962. It is noteworthy among vacuum solutions for being the first known solution that is stationary, globally defined, and singularity-free but nevertheless not isometric to the Minkowski metric. This stands in contradiction to a claimed strong Mach principle, which would forbid a vacuum solution from being anything but Minkowski without singularities, where the singularities are to be construed as mass as in the Schwarzschild metric. With coordinates formula_1, define the following tetrad: It is straightforward to verify that e is timelike, e, e, e are spacelike, that they are all orthogonal, and that there are no singularities. The corresponding proper time is The Riemann tensor has only one algebraically independent, nonzero component which shows that the spacetime is Ricci flat but not conformally flat. That is sufficient to conclude that it is a vacuum solution distinct from Minkowski spacetime. Under a suitable coordinate transformation, the metric can be rewritten as and is therefore an example of a pp-wave spacetime. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13320316 |
Whinstone is a term used in the quarrying industry to describe any hard dark-coloured rock. Examples include the igneous rocks, basalt and dolerite, as well as the sedimentary rock, chert. Massive outcrops of whinstone occur include the Pentland Hills, Scotland and the Whin Sills, England. The name 'whin' derives from the sound it makes when struck with a hammer. It is used for road chippings and dry stone walls, but its natural angular shapes do not fit together well and are not easy to build with, and its hardness makes it a difficult material to work. A common use is in the laying of patios and driveways in its ground/by product state called Whindust. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13337703 |
Virtual black hole In quantum gravity, a virtual black hole is a black hole that exists temporarily as a result of a quantum fluctuation of spacetime. It is an example of quantum foam and is the gravitational analog of the virtual electron–positron pairs found in quantum electrodynamics. Theoretical arguments suggest that virtual black holes should have mass on the order of the Planck mass, lifetime around the Planck time, and occur with a number density of approximately one per Planck volume. The emergence of virtual black holes at the Planck scale is a consequence of the uncertainty relation where formula_2 is the radius of curvature of space-time small domain; formula_3 is the coordinate small domain; formula_4 is the Planck length; formula_5 is the Planck constant; formula_6 - Newton's gravitational constant; formula_7 is the speed of light. These uncertainty relations are another form of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle at the Planck scale. =-2i\,\ell^2_{P}\frac{\partial}{\partial \,x^{\mu}}</math> Then commutator operators formula_8 and formula_9 is From here follow the specified uncertainty relations Substituting the values of formula_11 and formula_12 and cutting right and left of the same symbols, we obtain the Heisenberg uncertainty principle In the particular case of a static spherically symmetric field and static distribution of matter formula_14 and have remained where formula_16 is the Schwarzschild radius, formula_17 is the radial coordinate | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13345968 |
Virtual black hole Last uncertainty relation allows make us some estimates of the equations of general relativity at the Planck scale. For example, the equation for the invariant interval formula_18 в in the Schwarzschild solution has the form Substitute according to the uncertainty relations formula_20. We obtain It is seen that at the Planck scale formula_22 space-time metric is bounded below by the Planck length, and on this scale, there are real and virtual Planckian black holes. Similar estimates can be made in other equations of general relativity. For example, analysis of the Hamilton–Jacobi equation for a centrally symmetric gravitational field in spaces of different dimensions (with help of the resulting uncertainty relation) indicates a preference for three-dimensional space for the emergence of virtual black holes (quantum foam). Prescribed above uncertainty relation valid for strong gravitational fields, as in any sufficiently small domain of a strong field space-time is essentially flat. If virtual black holes exist, they provide a mechanism for proton decay. This is because when a black hole's mass increases via mass falling into the hole, and is theoretised to decrease when Hawking radiation is emitted from the hole, the elementary particles emitted are, in general, not the same as those that fell in. Therefore, if two of a proton's constituent quarks fall into a virtual black hole, it is possible for an antiquark and a lepton to emerge, thus violating conservation of baryon number | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13345968 |
Virtual black hole The existence of virtual black holes aggravates the black hole information loss paradox, as any physical process may potentially be disrupted by interaction with a virtual black hole. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13345968 |
Nature center A nature center (or nature centre) is an organization with a visitor center or interpretive center designed to educate people about nature and the environment. Usually located within a protected open space, nature centers often have trails through their property. Some are located within a state or city park, and some have special gardens or an arboretum. Their properties can be characterized as nature preserves and wildlife sanctuaries. Nature centers generally display small live animals, such as reptiles, rodents, insects, or fish. There are often museum exhibits and displays about natural history, or preserved mounted animals or nature dioramas. Nature centers are staffed by paid or volunteer naturalists and most offer educational programs to the general public, as well as summer camp, after-school and school group programs. Some nature centers allow free admission but collect voluntary donations in order to help offset expenses. They usually rely on support from dedicated volunteers. Environmental education centers differ from nature centers in that their museum exhibits and education programs are available mostly by appointment, although casual visitors may be allowed to walk on their grounds. Some city, state and national parks have facilities similar to nature centers, such as museum exhibits, dioramas and trails, and some offer park nature education programs, usually presented by a park ranger. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13360851 |
Snow bridge A snow bridge is an arc across a crevasse, a crack in rock, a creek, or some other opening in terrain. It is typically formed by snow drift, which first creates a cornice, which may gradually grow to reach the other side of the opening. A snow bridge may completely cover the opening and thus presents danger: it creates an illusion of unbroken surface while hiding the opening under a layer of snow of unknown thickness, possibly only several centimetres thick. Snow bridges may also be formed inside a crevasse making it appear shallow. Since a snow bridge is thicker and stronger at the edge of a crevasse, a fall through a bridge usually happens at some distance from the crevasse edge. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13363496 |
Triol A triol is a chemical compound containing three hydroxyl groups (−OH functional groups), such as glycerol. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13364159 |
Pseudo-cold front In meteorology, a pseudo-cold front is a boundary between a supercell's inflow region and the rear flank downdraft. It usually extends outward from a mesocyclone center, usually toward the south or southwest, and is characterized by advancing of the downdraft air toward the inflow region. It is a particular form of gust front. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13367644 |
William Pinch William "Bill" Wallace Pinch (August 15, 1940 – April 1, 2017) was a mineralogist from Rochester, New York. The Mineralogical Association of Canada has an award named after him, the Pinch Medal, "to recognize major and sustained contributions to the advancement of mineralogy by members of the collector-dealer community." The Pinch Medal has been awarded to a deserving mineralogist every other year since it was first awarded to Pinch in 2001, and is given at the Tucson Mineral Show in February. Pinch was also a notable mineral collector. His collection was sold in 1989 to the Canadian Museum of Nature for $US 3.5 million, and will be documented in a book to be published in 2018. The oxyhalide mineral pinchite was named in his honour. In June of 1993, when the film Jurassic Park premiered at Loew's Theater in Pittsford, New York, Mr. Pinch loaned many fossils of dinosaurs and plants, as well as the display cases for the lobby to help educate the public. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13390541 |
Medicon Valley is a leading international life-sciences cluster in Europe, spanning the Greater Copenhagen region of eastern Denmark and southern Sweden. It is one of Europe's strongest life science clusters, with many life science companies and research institutions located within a relatively small geographical area. The name has officially been in use since 1997. Major life science sectors of the cluster includes pharmacology, biotechnology, health tech and medical technology. It is specifically known for its research strengths in the areas of neurological disorders, inflammatory diseases, cancer and diabetes. The population of reaches close to 4 million inhabitants. In 2008, 60% of Scandinavian pharmaceutical companies were located in the region. The area includes 17 universities, 32 hospitals, and more than 400 life science companies. 20 are large pharmaceutical or medical technology firms and 170 are dedicated biotechnology firms. Between 1998 and 2008, 100 new biotechnology and medical technology companies were created here. The biotechnology industry alone employs around 41,000 people in the region, 7,000 of whom are academic researchers. International companies with major research centres in the region include Novo Nordisk, Baxter, Lundbeck, LEO Pharma, HemoCue and Ferring Pharmaceuticals. There are more than 7 science parks in the region, all with a significant focus on life science, including the Medicon Village in Lund, established in 2010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13402281 |
Medicon Valley Companies within account for more than 20% of the total GDP of Denmark and Sweden combined. is promoted by Invest in Skåne and Copenhagen Capacity. Many of the region's universities have a strong heritage in biological and medical research and have produced several Nobel Prize winners. The almost century-long presence of a number of research-intensive and fully integrated pharmaceutical companies, such as Novo Nordisk, H. Lundbeck and LEO Pharma, has also contributed significantly to the medical research and business development of the region by strengthening abilities within applied research, attracting suppliers and producing spin-offs. In 2011, the organisations of MVA and Invest in Skåne, launched the concept of Beacons. Beacons are projects for creating world-leading cross-disciplinary research environments with a focus on areas where there are considerable potential for synergies in specifically. After a long thorough selection process, the four Beacons of systems biology, structural biology, immune regulation and drug delivery were approved. The issues the quaternal life science magazine "Medicon Valley". Science parks in includes: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13402281 |
Homogeneous alignment In liquid crystals homogeneous alignment, sometimes called planar alignment, is the state of alignment where molecules align in parallel to a substrate. The opposite method is homeotropic alignment. For planar alignment - polyimides can be used. One of the popular ones is PI-2555. The surface has to be rubbed by paper or by a velvet or similar cloth in order to make the alignment axis parallel to the rubbing. However the exact mechanism if this alignment is not entirely clear. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13409270 |
Astellas Institute for Regenerative Medicine is a subsidiary of Astellas Pharma located in Marlborough, Massachusetts, US, developing stem cell therapies with a focus on diseases that cause blindness. It was formed in 1994 as a company named Advanced Cell Technology, Incorporated (ACT), which was renamed to Ocata Therapeutics in November 2014. In February 2016 Ocata acquired by Astellas for $379 million. which was finally completed in February 2016. Advanced Cell Technology was formed in 1994 and was led from 2005 to late 2010 by William M. Caldwell IV, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Upon Mr. Caldwell's death on December 13, 2010, Gary Rabin, a member of ACT's board of directors with experience in investment and capital raising, assumed the role of Chairman and CEO. In 2007 the company's Chief Scientific Officer (CSO), Michael D. West, PhD, also founder of Geron left Ocata to join a regenerative medicine firm, BioTime as CEO. In 2008, for $250,000 plus royalties up to a total of $1 million, the company licensed its "ACTCellerate" technology to BioTime. Robert Lanza was appointed CSO. On November 22, 2010, the company announced that it had received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to initiate the first human clinical trial using embryonic stem cells to treat retinal diseases. A preliminary report of the trial published in 2012, and a follow-up article was published in February 2015. In July 2014, Ocata announced that Paul K | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13411300 |
Astellas Institute for Regenerative Medicine Wotton, previously of Antares Pharma Inc (ATRS:NASDAQ CM), became President and Chief Executive Officer. On August 27, 2014, Ocata announced a 1-100 reverse stock split of its common stock. Ocata was listed on NASDAQ in February 2015. On November 30, 2010, Ocata filed an Investigational New Drug application with the U.S. FDA for the first clinical trial using embryonic stem cells to regenerate retinal pigment epithelium to treat Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration (Dry AMD). Dry AMD is the most common form of macular degeneration and represents a market size of $25–30 Billion in the U.S. and Europe. In November 2010 the FDA allowed Ocata to begin a Phase I/II human clinical trial to use its retinal pigment epithelium cell therapy to treat Stargardt disease, a form of inherited juvenile macular degeneration. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13411300 |
Bolaamphiphile Bolaamphiphiles (also known as "bolaform surfactants", "bolaphiles", or "alpha-omega-type surfactants") are amphiphilic molecules that have hydrophilic groups at both ends of a sufficiently long hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain. Compared to single-headed amphiphiles, the introduction of a second head-group generally induces a higher solubility in water, an increase in the critical micelle concentration (cmc), and a decrease in aggregation number. The aggregate morphologies of bolaamphiphiles include spheres, cylinders, disks, and vesicles. Bolaamphiphiles are also known to form helical structures that can form monolayer microtubular self-assemblies. Fuhrhop, J-H; Wang, T. Bolaamphiphile, Chem. Rev. (2004), 104(6), 2901-2937. Chen, Yuxia; Liu, Yan; Guo, Rong. Aggregation behavior of an amino acid-derived bolaamphiphile and a conventional surfactant mixed system. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (2009), 336(2), 766-772. CODEN: JCISA5 . AN 2009:776584 Yin, Shouchun; Wang, Chao; Song, Bo; Chen, Senlin; Wang, Zhiqiang. Self-Organization of a Polymerizable Bearing a Diacetylene Group and L-Aspartic Acid Group. Langmuir (2009), 25(16), 8968-8973. CODEN: LANGD5 . CAN 151:173915 AN 2009:383258 Wang, H.; Li, M.; Xu, Z.; Qiao, W.; Li, Z. Interfacial tension of unsymmetrical bolaamphiphile surfactant in surfactant/alkali/crude oil systems. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects (2008), 30(16), 1442-1450. CODEN: ESPACB | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13415486 |
Bolaamphiphile CAN 150:475745 AN 2008:763292 Chen, Senlin; Song, Bo; Wang, Zhiqiang; Zhang, Xi. Self-Organization of Bearing Biphenyl Mesogen and Aspartic-Acid Headgroups. Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2008), 112(9), 3308-3313. CODEN: JPCCCK . CAN 148:372219 AN 2008:176360 Feng Qiu, Chengkang Tang, Yongzhu Chen Amyloid-like aggregation of designer bolaamphiphilic peptides: Effect of hydrophobic section and hydrophilic heads. Journal of peptide science. (2017) DOI: 10.1002/psc.3062 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13415486 |
Marta Grandi (3 July 1915, Bologna – Bologna, 6 October 2005, Bologna ) was an Italian entomologist who specialised in Ephemeroptera. See Bibliography of Ephemeroptera | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13428834 |
Giuseppe Saverio Poli (26 October 1746 – 7 April 1825) was an Italian physicist, biologist and natural historian. His collections, together with those stored in the Royal Bourbon Museum, were the foundation of the Zoological Museum of Naples. The specimens were from locations all over the world, and included, especially, Lepidoptera, Cnidaria and Mollusca. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13429531 |
Full spectral imaging (FSI) is a form of imaging spectroscopy and is the successor to hyperspectral imaging. was developed to improve the capabilities of remote sensing including Earth remote sensing. Whereas hyperspectral imaging acquires data as many contiguous spectral bands, full spectral imaging acquires data as spectral curves. A significant advantage of FSI over hyperspectral imaging is a significant reduction in data rate and volume. FSI extracts and saves only the information that is in the raw data. The information is contained in the shape of the spectral curves. The rate at which data is produced by an FSI system is proportional to the amount of information in the scene/image. Full spectral imaging, along with empirical reflectance retrieval and autonomous remote sensing are the components of the new systems for remote sensing and the successor to the Landsat series of satellites of the Landsat program. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13432264 |
Universal conductance fluctuations (UCF) in mesoscopic physics is a phenomenon encountered in electrical transport experiments in mesoscopic species. The measured electrical conductance will vary from sample to sample, mainly due to inhomogeneous scattering sites. Fluctuations originate from coherence effects for electronic wavefunctions and thus the phase-coherence length formula_1 needs be larger than the momentum relaxation length formula_2. UCF is more profound when electrical transport is in weak localization regime. formula_3 where formula_4, formula_5 is the number of conduction channels and formula_2 is the momentum relaxation due to phonon scattering events length or mean free path. For weakly localized samples fluctuation in conductance is equal to fundamental conductance formula_7 regardless of the number of channels. Many factors will influence the amplitude of UCF. At zero temperature without decoherence, the UCF is influenced by mainly two factors, the symmetry and the shape of the sample. Recently, a third key factor, anisotropy of Fermi surface, is also found to fundamentally influence the amplitude of UCF. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13439882 |
Giuseppe Sigismondo Ala Ponzone (21 March 1761 – 2 May 1842) was an Italian collector and entomologist. Born in Cremona, Ponzone assembled large collections of art and natural history. These are now in the Museo Civico Ala Ponzone of his native city. He bequeathed his library to Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan. In 1789 he wrote a paper on moths. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13443752 |
Rudolf van Eecke Rudolf (or Rudolph) van Eecke (23 October 1886, Buitenzorg, Java - 24 December 1975, Leiden) was a Dutch entomologist. He attended the gymnasium in Leiden. In 1912 he married Wilhelmina Henriëtte Petré then in 1927 Margaretha Emma Julia Hettyey. In 1916 (Leidsch Jaarboekje 1917) he became a conservator at the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie now merged with Rijksmuseum van Geologie en Mineralogie as Naturalis, where he worked on Lepidoptera. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13445330 |
Hans Bischoff (30 November 1889 – 18 March 1960) was a German entomologist from Berlin. He was Kustos or curator of Hymenoptera (and Neuropterida) at Museum für Naturkunde (Berlin) from 1921 until 1955. He ventured to Italy to obtain ants in order to return them to Germany's museum. with Stadler H., "Die Hautflügler des Rombergs. Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen" (München) 3(12): 125-128 (1954). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13460292 |
Bittern (salt) Bittern (pl. bitterns), or nigari, is the salt solution formed when halite (table salt) precipitates from seawater or brines. Bitterns contain magnesium, calcium, and potassium ions as well as chloride, sulfate, iodide, and other ions. Bittern is commonly formed in salt ponds where the evaporation of water prompts the precipitation of halite. These salt ponds can be part of a salt-producing industrial facility, or they can be used as a waste storage location for brines produced in desalination processes. Bittern is a source of many useful salts. It is used as a natural source of Mg, and it can be used as a coagulant both in the production of tofu and in the treatment of industrial wastewater. Bittern has been extracted for a long time, at least several centuries. The Dutch chemist Petrus Jacobus Kipp (1808-1864) experimented with saturated solutions of bittern. The term for the solution is a modification of "bitter". Bittern is a source of many salts including magnesium sulfate (epsom salt). Multiple methods exist for removing these salts from the bittern, and the method ultimately used depends on the target product. Products that would naturally precipitate from the bitterns crystallize as evaporation proceeds. Products that do not preferentially precipitate from bitterns may precipitate through the addition of another compound or through ion exchange. Potassium-magnesium sulfate double salt, a good fertilizer, is a salt that precipitates from bitterns upon addition of methanol | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=13464959 |
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