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Chimpanzee stool associated circular virus is a single stranded DNA virus isolated from chimpanzee stool. The genome is ~2.6 kilobases in length and encodes two open reading frames (ORFs). The larger of the ORFs encodes the replicase gene and the other the putative capsid protein. A stem-loop and TATA boxes are present... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33942981 |
Bimoment (aka warping moment) is a term used in the analysis of beams (continuum mechanics) that relates to torsion and warping. Its symbol is Mω. show the distributions at a cross-section of (longitudinal) warping stress in cases of torsional warping and distortional warping, respectively. Generally, a bimoment can be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33945372 |
World tube In physics, a world tube is the path of an object which occupies a nonzero region of space (nonzero volume) at every moment in time, as it travels through 4-dimensional spacetime. That is, as it propagates in spacetime, a world tube traces out a three-dimensional volume for every moment in time. The world tu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33947300 |
World tube It is thus analogous to the two-dimensional sphere in that they both describe a three-dimensional volume, which is the boundary of an object between the four-dimensional space to which it has been added and the four-dimensional space the object does not have a corresponding space-velocity along on. The conce... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33947300 |
Cosmic catastrophe The cosmic catastrophe is a thought experiment in which the sun were to instantaneously disappear. The question is what would then happen to the earth and the other planets orbiting the sun. According to Isaac Newton's classical theory of gravity, the planets would immediately cease to move in circul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33948101 |
Melomics (derived from "genomics of melodies") is a computational system for the automatic composition of music (with no human intervention), based on bioinspired algorithms. applies an evolutionary approach to music composition, i.e., music pieces are obtained by simulated evolution. These themes compete to better ada... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33965201 |
Melomics In addition to MP3, all songs are available in editable formats (MIDI); and music is licensed under CC0, meaning that it is freely downloadable. 0music is the first album published by Melomics109, which is available in MP3 and MIDI formats, under CC0 license. It has been argued that, by making such amount of e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33965201 |
Melomics " Commenting on the quality and authenticity of the music, Stephen Smoliar, critic of classical music at "The San Francisco Examiner", commented "What is primary is the act of making the music itself engaged by the performers and how the listener responds to what those performers do... what is most interesting... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33965201 |
NGC 3842 is an elliptical galaxy in the constellation of Leo. It was discovered by William Herschel. It is notable for containing one of the largest black holes ever detected, reported to have a mass of 9.7 billion solar masses. It is around 330 million light-years distant from Earth. is the brightest member of the Leo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33965933 |
IFA Tulln The Department für Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln) is one of the 15 departments of the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU) operated in cooperation with the Vienna University of Technology and the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna at the Campus Tulln Technopol. The IFA-Tulln w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33966019 |
IFA Tulln The department is organised into 6 institutes: The first 5 Institutes of the department IFA-Tulln are located in the IFA-Tulln building in Tulln an der Donau on the Campus Tulln Technopol. The sixth Institute (Institute of Animal Nutrition, Products and Nutrition Physiology) is located in Muthgasse, Vienna. T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33966019 |
IFA Tulln To a lesser content the Institute also applies compression moulding. The Center for Analytical Chemistry (CAC) is aiming to perform cutting edge scientific research and to develop advanced methods in the field of (bio)analytical chemistry. The CAC with its two Christian Doppler Laboratories is pursuing a high... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33966019 |
IFA Tulln Examples are the scale up of fermentation processes, the development of technical remediation methods and the testing of innovative combined biological-physical processes (e.g. use of membrane bioprocesses) in environmental technology. There are 6 research groups established at the Institute for Environmental... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33966019 |
Life Sciences Foundation (LSF) was a San Francisco-based nonprofit organization that was established in 2011 to collect, preserve, interpret, and promote the history of biotechnology. LSF conducted historical research, maintained archives and published historically relevant materials and information. Their public suppo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33978666 |
Life Sciences Foundation The idea for a foundation that would collect and share the history of biotechnology came about at a meeting in early January 2009 in San Francisco attended by G. Steven Burrill of Burrill & Company, Dennis Gillings of Quintiles in Durham, NC, John Lechleiter of Eli Lilly & Co., Henri Termeer, t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33978666 |
Life Sciences Foundation " By the end of 2011, LSF's steering committee of industry leaders— Joshua Boger, Robert Carpenter, Bob Coughlin, Henri Termeer and Peter Wirth— were promoting the foundation's work by encouraging scientists and industrialists who were members of the Massachusetts Biotechnology Council, to cont... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33978666 |
Life Sciences Foundation These works are intended for multiple audiences and focused on the emergence and evolution of biotechnologies in pharmaceutical discovery and development, agriculture, energy production, and environmental remediation. In October 2011, the University of Chicago Press released "Genentech: The Beg... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33978666 |
Life Sciences Foundation Steven Burrill, CEO of Burrill & Company— who also published The Journal of Life Sciences and Joshua Boger, former chairman and CEO of Vertex Pharmaceuticals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33978666 |
Organ-on-a-chip An organ-on-a-chip (OOC) is a multi-channel 3-D microfluidic cell culture chip that simulates the activities, mechanics and physiological response of entire organs and organ systems, a type of artificial organ. It constitutes the subject matter of significant biomedical engineering research, more precis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33980770 |
Organ-on-a-chip Microfabrication, microelectronics and microfluidics offer the prospect of modeling sophisticated in vitro physiological responses under accurately simulated conditions. A lab-on-a-chip is a device that integrates one or several laboratory functions on a single chip that deals with handling particles in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33980770 |
Organ-on-a-chip Nevertheless, even the best 3D culture models fail to mimic an organ's cellular properties in many aspects, including tissue-to-tissue interfaces (e.g., epithelium and vascular endothelium), spatiotemporal gradients of chemicals, and the mechanically active microenvironments (e.g. arteries’ vasoconstric... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33980770 |
Organ-on-a-chip Brain slices have advantages over primary cell culture in that tissue architecture is preserved and multicellular interactions can still occur. There is flexibility in their use, as slices can be used acutely (less than 6 hours after slice harvesting) or cultured for later experimental use. Because orga... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33980770 |
Organ-on-a-chip In addition to keeping standard slices viable, brain-on-a-chip platforms have allowed the successful culturing of thicker brain slices (approximately 700 microns), despite a significant transport barrier due to thickness. As thicker slices retain more native tissue architecture, this allows brain-on-a-c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33980770 |
Organ-on-a-chip Brain-on-a-chip systems can model organ-level physiology in neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis more accurately than with traditional 2D and 3D cell culture techniques. The ability to model these diseases in a way that is indicative of "in vivo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33980770 |
Organ-on-a-chip Dongeun Huh from Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard describes their fabrication of a system containing two closely apposed microchannels separated by a thin (10 µm) porous flexible membrane made of PDMS. The device largely comprises three microfluidic channels, and only the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33980770 |
Organ-on-a-chip The pressure-driven dynamic motion behind the stretching of the membrane, also described as a cyclic mechanical strain (valued at approximately 10%), significantly increases the rate of nanoparticle translocation across the porous membrane, when compared to a static version of this device, and to a Tran... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33980770 |
Organ-on-a-chip For instance, researchers have built an array of PDMS microchambers, aligned with sensors and stimulating electrodes as a tool that will electrochemically and optically monitor the cardiomyocytes’ metabolism. Another lab-on-a-chip similarly combined a microfluidic network in PDMS with planar microelectr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33980770 |
Organ-on-a-chip Muscular thin films (MTF) enable cardiac muscle monolayers to be engineered on a thin flexible substrate of PDMS. In order to properly seed the 2D cell culture, a microcontact printing technique was used to lay out a fibronectin "brick wall" pattern on the PDMS surface. Once the ventricular myocytes wer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33980770 |
Organ-on-a-chip A more transportable and accessible form of treatment would not only increase the patient's overall health (by increasing frequency of treatment), but the whole process would become more efficient and tolerable. Artificial kidney research is striving to bring transportability, wearability and perhaps im... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33980770 |
Organ-on-a-chip This is where the almost complete absorption of nutritionally important substances takes place. In the device, this section is merely a straight channel, but blood particles going to the filtrate have to cross the previously mentioned membrane and a layer of renal proximal tubule cells. The second segme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33980770 |
Organ-on-a-chip The device's design requirements would require the filtration fraction in the glomerulus to vary between 15–20%, or the filtration reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule to vary between 65–70%, and finally the urea concentration in urine (collected at one of the two outlets of the device) to var... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33980770 |
Organ-on-a-chip For instance, self-reported rates of hypertension suggest that the rate is increasing, says a 2003 report from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A microfluidic platform simulating the biological response of an artery could not only enable organ-based screens to occur more frequently ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33980770 |
Organ-on-a-chip The multiple inputs from a microenvironment cause a wide range of mechanical or chemical stimuli on the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) that line the vessel's outer and luminal walls, respectively. Endothelial cells are responsible for releasing vasoconstriction and vasodilator fa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33980770 |
Organ-on-a-chip There is a microchannel used for loading the artery segment, and when the loading well is sealed, it is also used as a perfusion channel, to replicate the process of nutritive delivery of arterial blood to a capillary bed in the biological tissue. Another pair of microchannels serves to fix the two ends... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33980770 |
Organ-on-a-chip The remaining channels are opened and constant perfusion and superfusion are adjusted using separate syringe pumps. Vessel-on-chips have been applied to study many disease processes. For example, Alireza Mashaghi and his co-workers developed a model to study viral hemorrhagic syndrome, which involves vi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33980770 |
Organ-on-a-chip One additional difficulty is the variability of cell-culture scaffolding, or the base substance in which to culture cells, that is used in skin-on-chip devices. In the human body, this substance is known as the extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed primarily of collagen, and v... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33980770 |
Organ-on-a-chip This improved differentiation and growth is thought to be in part a product of shear stress created by the pressure gradient along a microchannel due to fluid flow, which may also improve nutrient supply to cells not directly adjacent to the medium. In static cultures, used in traditional skin equivalen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33980770 |
Organ-on-a-chip It was demonstrated that pre-application of Dex, a steroidal cream with anti-inflammatory properties, reduced this swelling in the SoC. Researchers are working towards building a multi-channel 3D microfluidic cell culture system that compartmentalizes microenvironments in which 3D cellular aggregates ar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33980770 |
Organ-on-a-chip Optimized standard media are generally targeted to one specific cell-type, whereas a human-on-a-chip will evidently require a common medium (CM). In fact, they claim to have identified a cell culture CM that, when used to perfuse all cell cultures in the microfluidic device, maintains the cells’ functio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33980770 |
Organ-on-a-chip In the early phase of drug development, animal models were the only way of obtaining in vivo data that would predict the human pharmacokinetic responses. However, experiments on animals are lengthy, expensive and controversial. For example, animal models are often subjected to mechanical or chemical tec... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33980770 |
Organ-on-a-chip It aims to provide a cell culture environment close to the in vivo situation to reproduce more reliably "in vivo" mechanisms or ADME processes that involve its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Perfused in vitro systems combined with kinetic modelling are promising tools for studyin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33980770 |
Organ-on-a-chip Models that combine PK or PBPK models with PD models can predict the time-dependent pharmacological effects of a drug. We can nowadays predict with PBPK models the PK of about any chemical in humans, almost from first principles. These models can be either very simple, like statistical dose-response mod... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33980770 |
Organ-on-a-chip In the development of multicompartment devices, representations of the human body such as those in used PBPK models can be used to guide the device design with regard to the arrangement of chambers and fluidic channel connections to augment the drug development process, resulting in increased success in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33980770 |
William Compston William (Bill) Compston FAA, FRS (born 19 February 1931) is an Australian geophysicist. He is a Visiting Fellow at the Australian National University. Compston developed the sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP), for isotopic analyses of geological samples. SHRIMP enabled the world's oldest... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=33985683 |
Megagroove A megagroove is a large scale (kilometres) linear channel eroded through bedrock by the passage of ice, possibly by plucking of the rock at the sides of the channel by the moving ice. They occur in areas of stratified bedrock which are largely free of till, having been identified in the Assynt area of Northw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34001704 |
Three Pagodas Fault The is a right-lateral displacement strike-slip fault between Burma and Thailand named after the Three Pagodas Pass. It developed as a consequence of the collision between the Indian and the Eurasian Plate. The Zone (TPFZ) is a roughly 50 km wide zone separating the westernmost range of the Tenasser... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34003452 |
Yoshio Abe He was the first Japanese scientist to study kinorhynchs, and one such animal, "Dracoderes abei", was named after him. Also named after him was Abe's salamander and Abe's Whiskered Bat, "Myotis abei" Yoshikura 1944, as a tribute from one of his students. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34004891 |
Peter Dornan Peter John Dornan FRS (born 1939) is a British physicist, and professor at Imperial College London. On 18 September 2009, a festschrift was held in his honor. Awarded the Rutherford Medal and Prize in 2002. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34014669 |
John Dowell John Derek Dowell FRS (born 6 January 1935) is a British physicist, and emeritus professor at University of Birmingham. He won the 1988 Rutherford Medal and Prize. He was educated at the University of Birmingham (BSc, PhD). In July 2002, a symposium was held in his honor, as he retired in September of that ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34014703 |
Stuart Ross Taylor Stuart Ross Taylor, (born 26 November 1925) is a New Zealand-born geochemist and planetary scientist known for his studies of the geology of the Moon through lunar samples, the continental crust, tektites and the evolution of the Solar System. He is an emeritus professor and Visiting Fellow at the Au... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34022917 |
Leopold Kober (21 September 1883 – 6 September 1970), an Austrian geologist, proposed a number of (subsequently largely discredited) theories of orogeny and coined the term "kratogen" to describe stable continental crust, which was later shortened to "kraton" by Hans Stille. Kober, developing geosyncline theory, posite... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34035812 |
Bovine stool associated circular virus is a single stranded DNA virus with a circular genome that was isolated from bovine stool. This virus was isolated from cows that appeared to be healthy. It has also been isolated from healthy pig stool. The genome is a single stranded circular DNA molecule 2600 bases in length. I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34049370 |
Jaci Antonio Louzada Tupi Caldas (Also signed: "Jacy Antonio Louzada Tupy Caldas", but was best known as "Tupi Caldas".) (19 July 1898 – 1946) was a Brazilian paleontologist. He gave contributions to paleontology describing some of the animals found in the region Paleorrota. He lived in Porto Alegre, was professor of "... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34087137 |
Diffuse extragalactic background radiation The diffuse extragalactic background radiation (DEBRA) refers to the diffuse photon field from extragalactic origin that fills our Universe. It contains photons over ∼20 decades of energy from ~10 eV to ~100 GeV. The origin and the physical processes involved are different wit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34115523 |
Autotoky is uniparental reproduction by self-fertilization or by parthenogenesis. The word comes from the Greek words "auto" meaning self and "tokos" meaning birth. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34133981 |
Möwenstein (Ummanz) The Möwenstein is a glacial erratic that was transported south from the area of the present-day island of Bornholm by the ice sheet during the last glaciation. It is located on the island of Ummanz in the west of Rügen within the Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park. Erratics are relatively u... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34154663 |
Siebenschneiderstein The ("Söbenschniedersteen") is a glacial erratic on the island of Rügen. It lies about 22 metres away from the cliffs of "Gellort" on the Baltic Sea beach, one kilometre northwest of Cape Arkona. It has a mass of 165 tonnes and a volume of 61 m³. It belongs, like about 20 other erratics, to the leg... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34154724 |
Schwanenstein The is a glacial erratic on the island of Rügen in Germany. It lies about 100 metres east of the harbour at Lohme on the northern shore of the Jasmund peninsula about 20 metres off the beach in the Baltic Sea. It weighs 162 tonnes and has a volume of 60 m³. It is thus the fifth largest erratic of about 20... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34155988 |
Alexander Tielens Alexander Godfried Gerardus Maria (Xander) Tielens (born 1953) is an astronomer at Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, in the Netherlands. In 2012 he received the highest distinction in Dutch science, the Spinoza Prize. Tielens has contributed significantly to several fields of astronomy, including... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34157712 |
Nardevitz Erratic The (), also called the Great Rock of Nardewitz ("Großer Stein von Nardevitz"), is one of the largest glacial erratics in North Germany. It lies about 400 metres north of Nardevitz, a village in the parish of Lohme on the island of Rügen. Surrounded by trees and bushes as well as other drift material ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34157927 |
Nardevitz Erratic The is made of granite, whose coarse-grained structure corresponds to the hammer granite bedrock found on the island of Bornholm. Its potassium feldspar spars are brownish-grey to pale red and up to 1.5 centimetres across. The up to five millimetre wide quartz crystals have a brownish tinge. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34157927 |
NGC 7600 is an elliptical galaxy about 160 million light-years in the constellation Aquarius classified as a lenticular galaxy, or, more formally, an S0 galaxy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34171343 |
Pure shear In mechanics and geology, pure shear is a three-dimensional homogeneous flattening of a body. It is an example of irrotational strain in which body is elongated in one direction while being shortened perpendicularly. For soft materials, such as rubber, a strain state of pure shear is often used for character... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34177870 |
Ryukyu arc The is a volcanic island arc system of Japan's triple junction formed by the subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate between Ryukyu Trench to the south-east and the Okinawa Trough to north-west. It comprises the entirety of the Ryukyu Islands chain. The Ryukyu and Southwest Honshu a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34189478 |
Allan Hay Allan Stuart Hay FRS (July 23, 1929 – August 14, 2017) was a Canadian chemist, and Tomlinson Emeritus Professor of Chemistry at McGill University. He is best known for his synthesization of Polyphenylene Oxide, leading to the development of Noryl and various other plastics. Hay graduated from the University o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34191472 |
State Herbarium of South Australia The (sometimes called the South Australian Herbarium, and having the herbarium code, AD) is located in Adelaide, South Australia. It is one of several State and Commonwealth herbaria in Australia. The "Department for Environment and Water" is the state agency which is responsible for ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34195269 |
Vectors in gene therapy Gene therapy utilizes the delivery of DNA into cells, which can be accomplished by several methods, summarized below. The two major classes of methods are those that use recombinant viruses (sometimes called biological nanoparticles or viral vectors) and those that use naked DNA or DNA complexes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34217148 |
Vectors in gene therapy The genetic material in retroviruses is in the form of RNA molecules, while the genetic material of their hosts is in the form of DNA. When a retrovirus infects a host cell, it will introduce its RNA together with some enzymes, namely reverse transcriptase and integrase, into the cell. This RNA ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34217148 |
Vectors in gene therapy If genetic material happens to be inserted in the middle of one of the original genes of the host cell, this gene will be disrupted (insertional mutagenesis). If the gene happens to be one regulating cell division, uncontrolled cell division (i.e., cancer) can occur. This problem has recently be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34217148 |
Vectors in gene therapy They cause respiratory, intestinal, and eye infections in humans (especially the common cold). When these viruses infect a host cell, they introduce their DNA molecule into the host. The genetic material of the adenoviruses is not incorporated (transient) into the host cell's genetic material. T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34217148 |
Vectors in gene therapy The viral vectors described above have natural host cell populations that they infect most efficiently. Retroviruses have limited natural host cell ranges, and although adenovirus and adeno-associated virus are able to infect a relatively broader range of cells efficiently, some cell types are r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34217148 |
Vectors in gene therapy To this end, many vectors have been developed in which the endogenous viral envelope proteins have been replaced by either envelope proteins from other viruses, or by chimeric proteins. Such chimera would consist of those parts of the viral protein necessary for incorporation into the virion as ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34217148 |
Vectors in gene therapy It was found that in the absence of the E1B-55Kd viral protein, adenovirus caused very rapid apoptosis of infected, p53(+) cells, and this results in dramatically reduced virus progeny and no subsequent spread. Apoptosis was mainly the result of the ability of EIA to inactivate p300. In p53(-) c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34217148 |
Vectors in gene therapy The wild type HSV-1 virus is able to infect neurons and evade the host immune response, but may still become reactivated and produce a lytic cycle of viral replication. Therefore, it is typical to use mutant strains of HSV-1 that are deficient in their ability to replicate. Though the latent vir... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34217148 |
Vectors in gene therapy In addition to trials with plasmids, there have been trials with naked PCR product, which have had similar or greater success. Cellular uptake of naked DNA is generally inefficient. Research efforts focusing on improving the efficiency of naked DNA uptake have yielded several novel methods, such... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34217148 |
Vectors in gene therapy Sonoporation uses ultrasonic frequencies to deliver DNA into cells. The process of acoustic cavitation is thought to disrupt the cell membrane and allow DNA to move into cells. In a method termed magnetofection, DNA is complexed to magnetic particles, and a magnet is placed underneath the tissue... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34217148 |
Vectors in gene therapy The transcription factors bind to the decoys instead of the promoter of the faulty gene, which reduces the transcription of the target gene, lowering expression. Additionally, single stranded DNA oligonucleotides have been used to direct a single base change within a mutant gene. The oligonucleo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34217148 |
Vectors in gene therapy Also as a result of their charge, cationic liposomes interact with the cell membrane, endocytosis was widely believed as the major route by which cells uptake lipoplexes. Endosomes are formed as the results of endocytosis, however, if genes can not be released into cytoplasm by breaking the memb... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34217148 |
Vectors in gene therapy Polymersomes are synthetic versions of liposomes (vesicles with a lipid bilayer), made of amphiphilic block copolymers. They can encapsulate either hydrophilic or hydrophobic contents and can be used to deliver cargo such as DNA, proteins, or drugs to cells. Advantages of polymersomes over lipos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34217148 |
Vectors in gene therapy Polyethyleneimine and chitosan are among the polymeric carriers that have been extensively studied for development of gene delivery therapeutics. Other polycationic carriers such as poly(beta-amino esters) and polyphosphoramidate are being added to the library of potential gene carriers. In addi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34217148 |
Vectors in gene therapy Dendrimers offer robust covalent construction and extreme control over molecule structure, and therefore size. Together these give compelling advantages compared to existing approaches. Producing dendrimers has historically been a slow and expensive process consisting of numerous slow reactions,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34217148 |
Vectors in gene therapy Quantum dots have also been used successfully and permits the coupling of gene therapy with a stable fluorescence marker. Engineered organic nanoparticles are also under development, which could be used for co-delivery of genes and therapeutic agents. Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), also known... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34217148 |
Vectors in gene therapy Other methods involve mixing other viral vectors with cationic lipids or hybridising viruses. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34217148 |
NGC 3938 is an unbarred spiral galaxy in the Ursa Major constellation. It was discovered on 6 February 1788 by William Herschel. It is one of the brightest spiral galaxies in the Ursa Major South galaxy group, and is roughly 67,000 light years in diameter. It is approximately 43 million light years away from Earth. is ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34222176 |
Electron magnetic circular dichroism (EMCD) (also known as electron energy-loss magnetic chiral dichroism) is the EELS equivalent of XMCD. The effect was first proposed in 2003 and experimentally confirmed in 2006 by the group of Prof. Peter Schattschneider at the Vienna University of Technology. Similarly to XMCD, EMC... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34227089 |
Electron magnetic circular dichroism Moreover, since the energy of each transition depends on the atomic number, the information obtained is element specific, that is, it is possible to distinguish the magnetic properties of a given element by examining the EMCD spectrum at its characteristic energy (708 eV for iron). ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34227089 |
Francisco Aranda Millán (14 October 1881, Villarroya de la Sierra – 20 July 1937) was a Spanish zoologist. He was executed during the Spanish Civil War by a fascist squadron in Valdemorillo. He was the father of film critic and Surrealist author Jose Francisco Aranda (1925-1989). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34227107 |
Carlos Ameghino Carlos Ciriaco Ameghino (16 June 1865 – 12 April 1936) was an Argentine paleontologist and explorer who accompanied his brother Florentino Ameghino throughout Argentina searching for fossils. was educated as a naturalist with his brother Florentino Ameghino on his journeys to Buenos Aires and the Chaco ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34227237 |
Bel–Robinson tensor In general relativity and differential geometry, the is a tensor defined in the abstract index notation by: Alternatively, where formula_3 is the Weyl tensor. It was introduced by Lluís Bel in 1959. The is constructed from the Weyl tensor in a manner analogous to the way the electromagnetic stress–e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34248077 |
Buoyant density centrifugation (also isopycnic centrifugation or equilibrium density-gradient centrifugation) uses the concept of buoyancy to separate molecules in solution by their differences in density. Historically a caesium chloride (CsCl) solution was often used, but more commonly used density gradients are sucro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34248218 |
Peeling theorem In general relativity, the peeling theorem describes the asymptotic behavior of the Weyl tensor as one goes to null infinity. Let formula_1 be a null geodesic in a spacetime formula_2 from a point p to null infinity, with affine parameter formula_3. Then the theorem states that, as formula_3 tends to in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34253455 |
Synge's world function In general relativity, is an example of a bitensor, i.e. a tensorial function of pairs of points in the spacetime. Let formula_1 be two points in spacetime, and suppose formula_2 belongs to a convex normal neighborhood of formula_2 so that there exists a unique geodesic formula_4 from formula_2 t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34265726 |
Geroch's splitting theorem In the theory of causal structure on Lorentzian manifolds, Geroch's theorem or (first proved by Robert Geroch) gives a topological characterization of globally hyperbolic spacetimes. Let formula_1 be a globally hyperbolic spacetime. Then formula_1 is strongly causal and there exists a global ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34265825 |
Billietite is an uncommon mineral of Uranium that contains Barium. It has the chemical formula: Ba(UO)O(OH)•8HO. It usually occurs as clear yellow orthorhombic crystals. is named after Valere Louis Billiet (1903–1944), Belgian crystallographer at the University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34267457 |
Vanuralite is a mineral of uranium with chemical formula: Al(UO)(VO)(OH)·11(HO). It has yellow crystals and a Mohs hardness of 2. The name comes from the composition of the mineral. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34267749 |
Francesco Ambrosi (November 17, 1821 – 9 April 1897) was an Italian botanist, librarian ethnologue and historian. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34268685 |
Henry Nathaniel Andrews Henry Nathaniel Andrews, Jr. (born June 15, 1910, Melrose, Massachusetts; d. March 3, 2002 Concord, New Hampshire) was an American paleobotanist recognized as an expert in plants of the Devonian and Carboniferous periods. He was a fellow of the Geological Society of America and the American Asso... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34270521 |
Pearl vortex In superconductivity, a is a vortex of supercurrent in a thin film of type-II superconductor, first described in 1964 by Judea Pearl. A is similar to Abrikosov vortex except for its magnetic field profile which, due to the dominant air-metal interface, diverges sharply as 1/formula_1 at short distances fro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34271702 |
NGC 5562 is a spiral galaxy (class S) in the constellation of Boötes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34289623 |
Gavino Gulia (1835–1889) was a Maltese botanist and author of books on flora of that island. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=34296447 |
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