text stringlengths 11 1.65k | source stringlengths 38 44 |
|---|---|
Hausmannite is a complex oxide of manganese containing both di- and tri-valent manganese. The formula can be represented as MnMnO. It belongs to the spinel group and forms tetragonal crystals. is a brown to black metallic mineral with Mohs hardness of 5.5 and a specific gravity of 4.8. The type locality is Oehrenstock ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2072435 |
Curvature collineation A curvature collineation (often abbreviated to CC) is vector field which preserves the Riemann tensor in the sense that, where formula_2 are the components of the Riemann tensor. The set of all smooth curvature collineations forms a Lie algebra under the Lie bracket operation (if the smoothness c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2072740 |
Hans Westerhoff Hans Victor Westerhoff (born 14 January 1953 in Amsterdam) is a Dutch biologist and biochemist who is professor of synthetic systems biology at the University of Amsterdam and AstraZeneca professor of systems biology at the University of Manchester. Currently he is a Chair of AstraZeneca and a director ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2073269 |
Briquetage is a coarse ceramic material used to make evaporation vessels and supporting pillars used in extracting salt from brine or seawater. Thick-walled saltpans were filled with saltwater and heated from below until the water had boiled away and salt was left behind. Often, the bulk of the water would be allowed t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2073328 |
Homeotropic alignment In liquid crystals, homeotropic alignment is one of the ways of alignment of liquid crystalline molecules. is the state in which a rod-like liquid crystalline molecule aligns perpendicularly to the substrate. In the polydomain state, the parts also are called homeotropic domains. In contrast, the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2073632 |
Neutron-induced swelling is the increase of volume and decrease of density of materials subjected to intense neutron radiation. Neutrons impacting the material's lattice rearrange its atoms, causing buildup of dislocations, voids, and Wigner energy. Together with the resulting strength reduction and embrittlement, it i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2079223 |
Chapman function A describes the integration of atmospheric absorption along a slant path on a spherical earth, relative to the vertical case. It applies for any quantity with a concentration decreasing exponentially with increasing altitude. To a first approximation, valid at small zenith angles, the for optical absor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2081987 |
Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer Dr (17 December 1799 – 14 April 1874) was a German entomologist and physician. He was born, and died, in Regensburg. Herrich-Schäffer studied and collected particularly butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera). He was chairman of the Regensburg Botanical Society () from 1861 to 1871,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2085296 |
Dunyazad (crater) Dunyazad is a large crater on Saturn's moon Enceladus first discovered by the "Voyager 2" spacecraft. It is named after Dunyazad, the sister of Scheherazade in "The Book of One Thousand and One Nights". Dunyazad is located at and is approximately 31 kilometers across, making it one of the largest crat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2087110 |
Shahrazad (crater) Shahrazad is a large crater on Saturn's moon Enceladus first discovered by the "Voyager 2" spacecraft. It is located at 47.3° North Latitude, 199.7° West Longitude and is approximately 20 kilometers across. Shahrazad is the middle crater of a prominent crater triplet on Enceladus' anti-Saturnian hemi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2087277 |
Ames strain The is one of 89 known strains of the anthrax bacterium ("Bacillus anthracis"). It was isolated from a diseased 14-month-old Beefmaster heifer that died in Sarita, Texas in 1981. The strain was isolated at the Texas Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory and a sample was sent to the United States Army Med... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2087908 |
Sarandib Planitia is a region of relatively un-cratered terrain on Saturn's moon Enceladus. It is located at 4.4° North Latitude, 298.0° West Longitude and is approximately 200 km across. From "Voyager" images, is considered part of either the ridged plains unit (Kargel and Pozio 1996) or smooth plains unit (Rothery 19... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2088229 |
Maucherite is a grey to reddish silver white nickel arsenide mineral. It crystallizes in the tetragonal crystal system. It occurs in hydrothermal veins alongside other nickel arsenide and sulfide minerals. It is metallic and opaque with a hardness of 5 and a specific gravity of 7.83. It is also known as placodine and T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2091420 |
Schering AG was a research-centered German multinational pharmaceutical company headquartered in Wedding, Berlin, which operated as an independent company from 1851 to 2006. In 2006 it was bought by Bayer AG and merged to form the Bayer subsidiary Bayer Schering Pharma AG, which was renamed Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2091870 |
Schering AG In 1922, the management acquired the majority of shares in the chemical factory "Chemischen Fabrik auf Actien" (formerly E. Schering) from the Upper Silesian . In 1937, the companies "Kokswerke und Chemische Fabriken AG" and the "Chemischen Fabrik auf Actien" amalgamated with the sister company "Schering-Ka... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2091870 |
Schering AG Other key products included the interferon-beta brand Betaferon (Betaseron in North America) and the paramagnetic contrast agent Magnevist. The largest German manufacturing facility was located in Bergkamen. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2091870 |
Fresenius (company) Fresenius SE & Co. KGaA is a health care company based in Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany. The company provides products and services for dialysis, hospitals as well as inpatient and outpatient medical care. The company also focuses on hospital management as well as on engineering and services for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2092057 |
Fresenius (company) In 2005, the company acquired Helios. In March 2005, Fresenius Kabi AG acquired Labesfal (Laboratório de Especialidades Farmacêuticas Almiro S.A.). In September 2006, Helios Kliniken acquired a majority stake in Humaine Kliniken. HUMAINE operates six acute and post acute care hospitals in the fields... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2092057 |
Fresenius (company) The termination was prompted by changing political and regulatory circumstances in the region. In January 2016, Fresenius Kabi announced that it would acquire Becton Dickinson's prescription drug business. In February 2016, Fresenius Helios acquired the municipal hospital in Velbert, North Rhine-Wes... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2092057 |
Ahmad (crater) Ahmad is a crater in the northern hemisphere of Saturn's moon Enceladus. Ahmad was first discovered in "Voyager 2" images but was seen at much higher resolution, though near the terminator, by "Cassini". It is located at 58.8° North Latitude, 311.6° West Longitude and is 18.7 kilometers across. The weste... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2095947 |
Peri-Banu (crater) Peri-Banu is a crater in the northern hemisphere of Saturn's moon Enceladus. Peri-Banu was first discovered in "Voyager 2" images but was seen at much higher resolution, though near the terminator, by "Cassini". It is located at 62° North Latitude, 322.9° West Longitude and is 18 kilometers across. T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2096120 |
Cooperative Institute for Arctic Research (CIFAR) was established through a Memorandum of Understanding between NOAA and the University of Alaska. CIFAR is exclusively concerned with Arctic research. They work closely with NOAA's Arctic Research Office and the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). Partnership... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2096333 |
Aladdin (crater) Aladdin is a crater in the northern hemisphere of Saturn's moon Enceladus. Aladdin was first discovered in "Voyager 2" images. It is located at 60.7° North Latitude, 26.7° West Longitude and is 37.4 kilometers across. It is located near the craters Ali Baba and Samad. Aladdin has a large dome in its in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2097796 |
Ali Baba (crater) Ali Baba is a large crater in the northern hemisphere of Saturn's moon Enceladus. Ali Baba was first discovered in "Voyager 2" images. It is located at 55.1° North Latitude, 22.3° West Longitude and is 39.2 kilometers across. It is located near the craters Aladdin and Samad. Ali Baba has a large dome ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2097820 |
Chromosome regions Several chromosome regions have been defined by convenience in order to talk about gene loci. Most important is the distinction between chromosome region p and chromosome region q. These are virtual regions that exist in all chromosomes. During cell division, the molecules that compose chromosomes (D... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2101248 |
Julnar (crater) Julnar is a crater in the northern hemisphere of Saturn's moon Enceladus. Julnar was first discovered in "Voyager 2" and has only been seen at comparable resolution by "Cassini". It is located at 52.8° North Latitude, 350.0° West Longitude and is approximately 19 kilometers across. Julnar is named after... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2102681 |
Salih (crater) Salih is a small crater near the sub-Saturnian point of Saturn's moon Enceladus. Salih was first discovered in images taken by the "Voyager 2" spacecraft. It is located at 6.5° South Latitude, 0° West Longitude (IAU-defined longitude is 5° West Longitude) and is 4 kilometers across. Available images of t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2103254 |
Dalilah (crater) Dalilah is a crater in the northern hemisphere of Saturn's moon Enceladus. Dalilah was first discovered in "Voyager 2" images but was seen at much higher resolution by "Cassini". It is located at and is 16 kilometers across. Fractures have deformed the south-eastern side of Dalilah as well as the dome ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2103382 |
Samad (crater) Samad is a crater in the northern hemisphere of Saturn's geologically active moon Enceladus. Samad was first discovered in "Voyager 2" images. It is located at 60.3° North Latitude, 4.5° West Longitude and is across. Currently available images are too low in resolution to determine if this crater has bee... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2103480 |
Musa (crater) Musa is a crater in the northern hemisphere of Saturn's moon Enceladus. Musa was first seen in "Voyager 2" images. It is located at 72.4° North Latitude, 17.6° West Longitude and is 25 kilometers across. Musa is located North of Aladdin. A large, dome-like structure occupies the interior of the crater, su... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2103545 |
Gharib (crater) Gharib is a crater near the north pole of Saturn's moon Enceladus. Gharib was first seen in "Voyager 2" images. It is located at 81.1° North Latitude, 241.2° West Longitude and is 26 kilometers across. A large, dome-like structure occupies the interior of the crater, suggesting the crater has undergone ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2103600 |
Duban (crater) Duban is a crater in the northern hemisphere of Saturn's moon Enceladus. Duban was first seen in "Voyager 2" images, though the crater has also been seen in much higher resolution "Cassini" images. It is located at and is 19 kilometers across. In the "Cassini" image, evidence for significant tectonic def... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2103729 |
Shahryar (crater) Shahryar is a crater in the northern hemisphere of Saturn's moon Enceladus. Shahryar was first seen in "Voyager 2" images, but was seen at much higher resolution by the "Cassini" spacecraft. It is located at 58.3° North Latitude, 227.5° West Longitude and is across. Despite being nearly the same size ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2103877 |
Sindbad (crater) Sindbad is a crater in the northern hemisphere of Saturn's moon Enceladus. Sindbad was first seen in "Voyager 2" images, though the southern rim has been seen by "Cassini". It is located at 67° North Latitude, 212° West Longitude and is 29.1 kilometers across. A large, dome-like structure occupies the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2103881 |
Cooperative Institute for Climate Applications and Research The (CICAR) was a major collaborative relationship between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) and Columbia University. The CICAR research themes are: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2107907 |
Cooperative Institute for Climate Science The (CICS) fosters research collaborations between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) and the Princeton University. It is one of 16 NOAA Cooperative Institutes ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2108104 |
Cooperative Institute for Limnology and Ecosystems Research The (CILER) fosters research collaborations between the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL), Michigan State University (MSU), and the Univ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2108156 |
Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies The (CIMAS) is a research institute of the University of Miami located in the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS). CIMAS serves as a mechanism to bring together the research resources of the Partner Universities (including UM/RSMAS) with t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2108191 |
Subcloning In molecular biology, subcloning is a technique used to move a particular DNA sequence from a "parent vector" to a "destination vector". is not to be confused with molecular cloning, a related technique. Restriction enzymes are used to excise the gene of interest (the "insert") from the parent. The insert is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2108774 |
Subcloning Ideally when the bacterium divides the plasmid should also be replicated. In the best case scenario, each bacterial cell should have several copies of the plasmid. After a good number of bacterial colonies have grown, they can be miniprepped to harvest the plasmid DNA. In order to ensure growth of only trans... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2108774 |
Subcloning The mammalian DNA does not come with these restriction sites, so they are built in by overlap extension PCR. The primers are designed to put the restriction sites carefully, so that the coding of the protein is in-frame, and a minimum of extra amino acids is implanted on either side of the protein. Both the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2108774 |
Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research The (JIMAR) is an oceanic, atmospheric, and geophysical research institute that is sponsored jointly by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) and the University of Hawaii (UH). It is one of 16 NOAA ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2109192 |
Joint Institute for Marine Observations The (JIMO) is a research institute that is sponsored jointly by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) and University of California's Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The JIMO research themes are: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2109283 |
Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean The (JISAO) has existed since 1977 for the purpose of fostering research collaboration between National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) and the University of Washington (UW). Dr. John K. Horne is the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2109295 |
Isbanir Fossa is a north-south trending scarp on Saturn's moon Enceladus. was first seen in "Voyager 2" images, though a small section was see at much higher resolution by "Cassini". It is centred at 12.6° North Latitude, 354.0° West Longitude and is approximately 132 kilometres long. Based on photoclinometric analysis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2109596 |
József Szabó de Szentmiklós (March 14, 1822 – April 12, 1894), Hungarian geologist, was born at Kalocsa. His first contribution to science was an essay on metallurgy, in which subject he had received special training. Afterwards he settled at Budapest and investigated the geology of the district, the results of which w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2109602 |
Daryabar Fossa is an east-west trending trough on Saturn's moon Enceladus. was first seen in "Voyager 2" images, though a small section was see at much higher resolution by "Cassini". It is centered at 9.7° North Latitude, 359.1° West Longitude and is approximately 201 kilometers long. Based on limb profiles of "Voyage... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2109801 |
Bassorah Fossa is a trough south of Ali Baba crater on Saturn's moon Enceladus. was first seen in "Voyager 2" images. It is located at 45.4° north, 6.3° west, and is 131 kilometers long. is named after the city of Basra, Iraq, from which Sindbad embarked on his third voyage in the "Arabian Nights". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2109864 |
Hypsochromic shift (from ancient Greek ὕψος (upsos) "height"; and χρῶμα "chrōma", "color") is a change of spectral band position in the absorption, reflectance, transmittance, or emission spectrum of a molecule to a shorter wavelength (higher frequency). Because the blue color in the visible spectrum has a shorter wave... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2110057 |
Frederick Schram Frederick Robert Schram (born August 11, 1943 in Chicago, Illinois) is an American palaeontologist and carcinologist. He received his B.S. in biology from Loyola University Chicago in 1965, and a Ph.D. on palaeozoology from the University of Chicago in 1968 . He has written over 200 papers on various a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2112153 |
Wilson Cycle The Wilson cycle is a model where a continental rift breaks up a continent, leading to the formation of an ocean basin between two lithospheric plates. The separation of the two plates is followed later by convergence that leads to the closure of the ocean basin, and eventually to the collision of the two ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2113849 |
Nikolaus Poda von Neuhaus (4 October 1723 – 29 April 1798) was an Austrian entomologist. He was born and died in Vienna. Von Neuhaus was the author of "Insecta Musei Graecensis" (1761), the first purely entomological work to follow the binomial nomenclature of Carl Linnaeus. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2113996 |
Wool alien The term wool alien is used for any plant species whose occurrence at a particular site is due to transportation there as a result of the making of wool products. The most common source of wool aliens is when a plant, seed, or bur attaches to the wool of a sheep or other wool-producing animal prior to sheari... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2114535 |
Weissite is a telluride mineral, a copper telluride (CuTe). has hexagonal crystal structure. Its specific gravity is 6 and its Mohs hardness is 3. Occurrence is in Gunnison County, Colorado, Arizona and New Mexico in the United States. It is also reported from Kalgoorlie, Western Australia and Dalarna and Värmland, Swe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2123611 |
Hippolyte Lucas Pierre-(17 January 1814 – 5 July 1899) was a French entomologist. Lucas was an assistant-naturalist at the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle. From 1839 to 1842 he studied fauna as part of the scientific Commission on the exploration of Algeria. His brother was Prosper Lucas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2124993 |
Étienne Mulsant Martial (2 March 1797, Marnand, Rhône – 4 November 1880) was a French entomologist and ornithologist. Initially employed in commerce, Mulsant wrote writes "Lettres à Julie sur l'entomologie, suivies d'une description méthodique de la plus grande partie des insectes de France, ornées de planches"... ("Le... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2125060 |
Étienne Mulsant He was, for many years, president of the "Société linnéenne de Lyon". He was also interested in birds, publishing several studies and taking part in the work of the commission on hunting small birds. In 1868, he wrote "Lettres à Julie sur l'ornithologie" ("Letters to Julie on ornithology"), a splendid w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2125060 |
X-ray fluorescence holography (XFH) is a holography method with atomic resolution based on atomic fluorescence. It is a relatively new technique that benefits greatly from the coherent high-power X-rays available from synchrotron sources, such as the Japanese SPring-8 facility. Fluorescent X-rays are scattered by atoms... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2125793 |
Alpheus Spring Packard Alpheus Spring Packard, Jr., LL.D. (February 19, 1839 – February 14, 1905) was an American entomologist and palaeontologist. He described over 500 new animal species – especially butterflies and moths – and was one of the founders of "The American Naturalist". He was the son of Alpheus Spring Pac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2126864 |
Johann Jakob Nöggerath (also as Johann Jacob Noeggerath) (10 October 1788 – 13 September 1877), German mineralogist and geologist, was born at Bonn. In 1814-1815 he became a commissioner of mines for some of the Rhine provinces, and in 1818 became an associate professor at the newly established University of Bonn. In 1... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2131435 |
Stokes operators The are the quantum mechanical operators corresponding to the classical Stokes parameters. These matrix operators are identical to the Pauli matrices . Stokes operators, angular momentum and radiation phase. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2132322 |
Perfect fluid In physics, a perfect fluid is a fluid that can be completely characterized by its rest frame mass density formula_1 and "isotropic" pressure "p". Real fluids are "sticky" and contain (and conduct) heat. Perfect fluids are idealized models in which these possibilities are neglected. Specifically, perfect ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2137509 |
Perfect fluid In the latter case, the equation of state of the perfect fluid may be used in Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker equations to describe the evolution of the universe. In general relativity, the expression for the stress–energy tensor of a perfect fluid is written as where "U" is the 4-velocity vector fiel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2137509 |
Finderscope A finderscope is an aiming device used in astronomy, typically a small auxiliary telescope mounted on the main astronomical telescope along the same line of sight. The finderscope usually has a smaller magnification than the main telescope, providing a much larger field of view, useful for manually aiming (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2140695 |
Finderscope This non-magnifying sight (technically not a "scope") uses a type of beam splitter to "reflect" a reticle generated by collimating optics into the users field of view. The view of the sky seen through the sight is just what can be seen with the naked eye with an illuminated crosshair or dot seeming to float... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2140695 |
Indium gallium phosphide (InGaP), also called gallium indium phosphide (GaInP), is a semiconductor composed of indium, gallium and phosphorus. It is used in high-power and high-frequency electronics because of its superior electron velocity with respect to the more common semiconductors silicon and gallium arsenide. It... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2141003 |
Indium gallium phosphide Growth of GaInP by epitaxy can be complicated by the tendency of GaInP to grow as an ordered material, rather than a truly random solid solution (i.e., a mixture). This changes the bandgap and the electronic and optical properties of the material. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2141003 |
Hydrion paper Hydrion is a trademarked name for a popular line of compound pH indicators, marketed by Micro Essential Laboratory Inc., exhibiting a series of color changes (typically producing a recognizably different color for each pH unit) over a range of pH values. Although solutions are available, the most common f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2144050 |
Jan Burgers Johannes (Jan) Martinus Burgers (January 13, 1895 – June 7, 1981) was a Dutch physicist and the brother of the physicist W. G. Burgers. Burgers studied in Leiden under Paul Ehrenfest, where he obtained his PhD in 1918. He is credited to be the father of Burgers' equation, the Burgers vector in dislocation t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2145741 |
CRISPR () (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a family of DNA sequences found in the genomes of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and archaea. These sequences are derived from DNA fragments of bacteriophages that had previously infected the prokaryote. They are used to detect and destroy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2146034 |
CRISPR The first description of what would later be called is from Osaka University researcher Yoshizumi Ishino and his colleagues in 1987. They accidentally cloned part of a sequence together with the ""iap" gene" "(isozyme conversion of alkaline phosphatase)" that was their target. The organization of the repeats was... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2146034 |
CRISPR By 2000, Mojica performed a survey of scientific literature and one of his students performed a search in published genomes with a program devised by himself. They identified interrupted repeats in 20 species of microbes as belonging to the same family. In 2001, Mojica and Ruud Jansen, who were searching for add... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2146034 |
CRISPR In effect, the spacers are fragments of DNA gathered from viruses that previously tried to attack the cell. The source of the spacers was a sign that the CRISPR/"cas" system could have a role in adaptive immunity in bacteria. All three studies proposing this idea were initially rejected by high-profile journals,... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2146034 |
CRISPR coli" cut the RNA precursor within the repeats into mature spacer-containing RNA molecules called RNA (crRNA), which remained bound to the protein complex. Moreover, it was found that Cascade, crRNA and a helicase/nuclease (Cas3) were required to provide a bacterial host with immunity against infection by a DNA ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2146034 |
CRISPR By manipulating the nucleotide sequence of the guide RNA, the artificial Cas9 system could be programmed to target any DNA sequence for cleavage. Another group of collaborators comprising Virginijus Šikšnys together with Gasiūnas, Barrangou and Horvath showed that Cas9 from the "S. thermophilus" system can also ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2146034 |
CRISPR The scientists showed that during DNA recombination of the cleaved strand, the homologous endogenous sequence HBD competes with the exogenous donor template. DNA repair in human embryos is much more complicated and particular than in derived stem cells. In 2015, the nuclease Cas12a (formerly known as Cpf1) was c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2146034 |
CRISPR By contrast, since Cas9 cuts only 3 base pairs upstream of the PAM site, the NHEJ pathway results in indel mutations which destroy the recognition sequence, thereby preventing further rounds of cutting. In theory, repeated rounds of DNA cleavage should cause an increased opportunity for the desired genomic editi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2146034 |
CRISPR Class 2 systems use a single large Cas protein for the same purpose. Class 1 is divided into types I, III, and IV; class 2 is divided into types II, V, and VI. The 6 system types are divided into 19 subtypes. Each type and most subtypes are characterized by a "signature gene" found almost exclusively in the cate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2146034 |
CRISPR Cas1 proteins have diverse amino acid sequences. However, their crystal structures are similar and all purified Cas1 proteins are metal-dependent nucleases/integrases that bind to DNA in a sequence-independent manner. Representative Cas2 proteins have been characterised and possess either (single strand) ssRNA- ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2146034 |
CRISPR In type I and type II systems, protospacers are excised at positions adjacent to a PAM sequence, with the other end of the spacer cut using a ruler mechanism, thus maintaining the regularity of the spacer size in the array. The conservation of the PAM sequence differs between CRISPR-Cas systems and appears to be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2146034 |
CRISPR Analysis of "Sulfolobus solfataricus" CRISPRs revealed further complexities to the canonical model of spacer insertion, as one of its six loci inserted new spacers randomly throughout its array, as opposed to inserting closest to the leader sequence. Multiple CRISPRs contain many spacers to the same phage. The m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2146034 |
CRISPR These Cas proteins cleave the longer transcript at the edge of the paired region, leaving a single crRNA along with a small remnant of the paired repeat region. Type III systems also use Cas6, however their repeats do not produce stem-loops. Cleavage instead occurs by the longer transcript wrapping around the Ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2146034 |
CRISPR In type I systems correct base pairing between the crRNA and the protospacer signals a conformational change in Cascade that recruits Cas3 for DNA degradation. Type II systems rely on a single multifunctional protein, Cas9, for the interference step. Cas9 requires both the crRNA and the tracrRNA to function and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2146034 |
CRISPR It is the partial repeat sequence that prevents the CRISPR-Cas system from targeting the chromosome as base pairing beyond the spacer sequence signals self and prevents DNA cleavage. RNA-guided enzymes are classified as type V restriction enzymes. The cas genes in the adaptor and effector modules of the CRISPR-C... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2146034 |
CRISPR The non-random evolution of these spacer regions has been found to be highly dependent on the environment and the particular foreign mobile genetic elements it contains. CRISPR/Cas can immunize bacteria against certain phages and thus halt transmission. For this reason, Koonin described CRISPR/Cas as a Lamarckia... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2146034 |
CRISPR novicida" to dampen host response and promote virulence. The basic model of evolution is newly incorporated spacers driving phages to mutate their genomes to avoid the bacterial immune response, creating diversity in both the phage and host populations. To resist a phage infection, the sequence of the spacer mus... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2146034 |
CRISPR From the same environment a single strain was tracked using PCR primers specific to its system. Broad-level results of spacer presence/absence showed significant diversity. However, this added 3 spacers over 17 months, suggesting that even in an environment with significant diversity some loci evolve slowly. CRI... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2146034 |
CRISPR Their most notable characteristic is their repeating spacers and direct repeats. This characteristic makes CRISPRs easily identifiable in long sequences of DNA, since the number of repeats decreases the likelihood of a false positive match. Analysis of CRISPRs in metagenomic data is more challenging, as loci do ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2146034 |
CRISPR identification in raw reads has been achieved using purely "de novo" identification or by using direct repeat sequences in partially assembled arrays from contigs (overlapping DNA segments that together represent a consensus region of DNA) and direct repeat sequences from published genomes as a hook for identify... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2146034 |
CRISPR This interference mechanism is modulated by a modulatory protein, PtiM, binds to one of the interference-mediating proteins, PtiA, and hence achieving the required level of interference. One study showed that lytic ICP1 phage, which specifically targets "Vibrio cholerae" serogroup O1, has acquired a CRISPR/Cas s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2146034 |
CRISPR can also be used to change mosquitos so they cannot transmit diseases such as malaria. based approaches utilizing Cas12a have recently been utilized in the successful modification of a broad number of plant species. In July 2019, was to experimentally treat a patient with a genetic disorder. The patient was a 34... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2146034 |
Thermochromic ink (also called thermochromatic ink) is a type of dye that changes color when temperatures increase or decrease. Often used in the manufacture of many toys or product packaging, as well as thermometers. can also turn transparent when heat is applied; an example of this type of thermochromic ink is found ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2146043 |
Time delay and integration A time delay and integration or time delay integration (TDI) charge-coupled device (CCD) is an image sensor for capturing images of moving objects at low light levels. The motion it can capture is similar to that captured by a line-scan CCD which uses a single line of photo-sensitive elements... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2149384 |
Carl Fredrik Fallén (Born 22 September 1764 in Kristinehamn – 26 August 1830) was a Swedish botanist and entomologist. Fallén taught at the Lund University. He wrote "Diptera Sueciae" (1814–27). Fallén described very many species of Diptera and Hymenoptera He was elected a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Science... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2150129 |
Branko Stanovnik (born August 11, 1938) is a Slovenian chemist, specializing in organic chemistry, and member of SAZU. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2150646 |
Poon Chung-kwong Professor Poon Chung-kwong, GBS, OBE, JP (, born 1940, Hong Kong) was the President of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University from 1991 to 2008. He received his secondary education at St. Paul's Co-educational College. Trained as a chemist, he holds doctorates of science and of philosophy from the Univer... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2150865 |
Historical astronomy is the science of analysing historic astronomical data. The American Astronomical Society (AAS), established 1899, states that its Historical Astronomy Division "...shall exist for the purpose of advancing interest in topics relating to the historical nature of astronomy. By historical astronomy we... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2152071 |
Nanobiotechnology Nanobiotechnology, bionanotechnology, and nanobiology are terms that refer to the intersection of nanotechnology and biology. Given that the subject is one that has only emerged very recently, bionanotechnology and nanobiotechnology serve as blanket terms for various related technologies. This discipl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2154572 |
Nanobiotechnology Other topics concerning nanobiology include the use of cantilever array sensors and the application of nanophotonics for manipulating molecular processes in living cells. Recently, the use of microorganisms to synthesize functional nanoparticles has been of great interest. Microorganisms can change th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2154572 |
Nanobiotechnology For example, DNA nanotechnology or cellular engineering would be classified as bionanotechnology because they involve working with biomolecules on the nanoscale. Conversely, many new medical technologies involving nanoparticles as delivery systems or as sensors would be examples of nanobiotechnology s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2154572 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.