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Mylan Department of Justice, agreeing to pay $465 million and enter into a corporate integrity agreement concerning the rebate program. In a report published on June 12, 2017 Institutional Shareholder Services criticized for the "outsized compensation" of Mylan's directors. Former CEO Robert Coury received a $98 millio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2565857 |
Mylan Pharmaceuticals was founded as a drug distributor in 1961 by Milan Puskar and Don Panoz. In 1966 began manufacturing penicillin G tablets as well as vitamins and other dietary supplements. Panoz left in 1969 and Puskar quit the company in 1973, as it grew and experienced financial difficulties. The board hired Ro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2565857 |
Mylan By 1989 the FDA rescinded its approval based on its suspicions and filed criminal charges against Bolar, to which Bolar eventually pled guilty in 1991. chose to develop a new version of a triamterene/hydrochlorothiazide combination drug instead of going the generic route; it developed a different, more stable for... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2565857 |
Mylan Two of the companies that had gotten approval to market generic versions of Maxzide, Vitarine Pharmaceutical and Par Pharmaceutical, were targets of Mylan's initial investigation and were found to have used Mylan's Maxzide to obtain their bioequivalence data, leading both companies to withdraw its generic competi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2565857 |
Mylan In 1998 when it was the world's second largest generics company, came under investigation from the Federal Trade Commission after it raised the prices of its products, tripling them in the case of lorazepam. had entered into an exclusive agreement with Profarmica, an Italian company that supplied drug ingredients... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2565857 |
Mylan The deal was complicated by a number of factors, and included an SEC investigation into King's accounting and Carl Icahn obtaining a 9.8% interest in and becoming its largest stakeholder in order to kill the deal. The parties called off the deal in February 2005. Afterwards, Icahn offered to buy for $5.4B and nom... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2565857 |
Mylan The lawsuits were dropped in 2012 without any damages paid by the Post-Gazette, which stated "The Post-Gazette did not find and did not intend to report that had manufactured or distributed any defective drugs. The Post-Gazette regrets if any reader of the article thought otherwise." Also in 2009, and its subsidi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2565857 |
Mylan In December 2012, the National Association of State Boards of Education launched a policy initiative designed to "help state boards of education as they develop student health policies regarding anaphylaxis and epinephrine auto-injector access and use," and advocated for state laws protecting school from legal li... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2565857 |
Mylan Joe Manchin, the father of Mylan's CEO, was a senator at that time. In 2013 acquired an Indian generic injectable drugs company, Agila Specialties Private, for $1.6 billion in cash. In 2015 three plants acquired in that deal were issued warning letters by the FDA. In July 2014, and Abbott Laboratories announced a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2565857 |
Mylan In February 2016, the company announced it would acquire Meda for $9.9 billion. In May of the same year the company announced it would acquire Renaissance Acquisition Holdings dermatology division for up to $1 billion. In December 2016, the attorneys general of 20 states filed a civil complaint accusing of a coor... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2565857 |
Mylan This NewCo will continue sales of Mylan's more than 7,500 products, including biosimilars, generics, brand and over-the-counter remedies, with brands including the Epi-Pen, Viagra, Lipitor and Celebrex. The deal will be structured as an all-stock, Reverse Morris Trust transaction: In November 2019, & Upjohn annou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2565857 |
Mylan The company also successfully lobbied the FDA to broaden the label to include risk of anaphylaxis and in parallel, successfully lobbied Congress to generate legislation making EpiPens available in schools and in public places like defibrillators are, and hired the same people that Medtronic had worked with on def... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2565857 |
Mylan He raised both his middle fingers and explained, using colorful language, that anyone criticizing Mylan, including its employees, ought to go copulate with themselves. Critics in Congress and on Wall Street, he said, should do the same. And regulators at the Food and Drug Administration? They, too, deserved a rou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2565857 |
Mylan The last price increase coincided with Mylan's airing of a new line of TV commercials that were described as "shocking" and "no holds barred", depicting an anaphylactic reaction from the point of view of the young woman having it at a party, and ending with the young woman seeing her swollen and hive-covered face... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2565857 |
Mylan In September 2016, a Silicon Valley engineering consultancy performed a teardown analysis of the EpiPen and estimated the manufacturing and packaging costs at about $10 for a two-pack. According to the Department of Health and Human Services' Office of Inspector General analysis, the U.S. government may have over... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2565857 |
Mylan Republican Senator Chuck Grassley, chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee that launched the "probe of EpiPen pricing probe in 2016, released the analysis on May 30, 2017. On the same day, a group of "investment funds urged shareholders to vote against the re-election of the company's directors after it paid Chai... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2565857 |
Aperture (botany) Apertures are areas on the walls of a pollen grain, where the wall is thinner and/or softer. For germination it is necessary that the pollen tube can reach out from the inside of the pollen grain and transport the sperm to the egg deep down in the pistil. The apertures are the places where the pollen ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2567928 |
Mohammad Khorrami Mohammad Khorrami, an Iranian mathematical physicist (born October 4, 1966, Tehran) is professor of physics at Alzahra University, Tehran. Competing with over half a million applicants, ranked first in national university entrance exams ("konkoor-e sarasari") of 1984 in Iran.. He graduated with the fi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2568715 |
National Museum (Prague) The National Museum (NM) (Czech: "Národní muzeum") is a Czech museum institution intended to systematically establish, prepare, and publicly exhibit natural scientific and historical collections. It was founded in 1818 by Kašpar Maria Šternberg. Historian František Palacký was also strongly inv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2574869 |
National Museum (Prague) The early focus of the museum was natural sciences, partially because Count Sternberk was a botanist, mineralogist, and eminent phytopaleontologist, but also because of the natural science slant of the times, as perpetrated by Emperor Joseph II of Austria. The museum was originally located in t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2574869 |
National Museum (Prague) Previously, the vast majority of scholarly journals were written in German, but within a few years the German journal had ceased publication, while the Czech journal continued for more than a century. In 1949, the national government took over the museum and detailed the museum's role and leade... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2574869 |
National Museum (Prague) The museum was reopened after intensive repairs in 1947, and in 1960, exterior night floodlighting was installed, which followed a general repair of the facade that had taken place in previous years. During the 1968 Warsaw Pact intervention, the main facade was severely damaged by strong Soviet... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2574869 |
National Museum (Prague) Since November 2019, the underground corridor connecting the Historical Building to the New Museum Building is newly accessible. It was partially opened on 28 October 2018. Full completion of reconstruction was planned for 2019. Permanent exhibitions will gradually be opened to visitors in 2020... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2574869 |
National Museum (Prague) It has departments of mineralogy, paleontology, mycology, botany, entomology, zoology and anthropology, as well as scientific laboratories. The medieval collection includes jewelry, panel painting, wooden sculpture, and weapons (also such as used in the Hussite movement of the 15th century). In... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2574869 |
Adolf Portmann (27 May 1897 – 28 June 1982) was a zoologist. Born in Basel, Switzerland, he studied zoology at the University of Basel and worked later in Geneva, Munich, Paris and Berlin, but mainly in marine biology laboratories in France (Banyuls-sur-Mer, Roscoff, Villefranche-sur-Mer) and Helgoland. In 1931 he beca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2576391 |
Friction sensitivity is an approximation of the amount of friction or rubbing a compound can withstand before prematurely exploding. For instance, nitroglycerin has an extremely high sensitivity to friction, meaning that very little rubbing against it could set off a violent explosion. There is no exact determining the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2578790 |
Alain Manesson Mallet (1630–1706) was a French cartographer and engineer. He started his career as a soldier in the army of Louis XIV, became a Sergeant-Major in the artillery and an Inspector of Fortifications. He also served under the King of Portugal, before returning to France, and his appointment to the court of L... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2583297 |
Drift (geology) In geology, drift is the name for all material of glacial origin found anywhere on land or at sea, including sediment and large rocks (glacial erratic). Glacial origin refers to erosion, transportation and deposition by glaciers. In the UK, the term 'drift' is commonly used to describe any deposits of Q... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2583979 |
Homologous temperature expresses the thermodynamic temperature of a material as a fraction of the thermodynamic temperature of its melting point (e.g. using the Kelvin scale): formula_1 For example, the homologous temperature of lead at room temperature (25 °C) is approximately 0.50 (T = T/T = 298 K/601 K = 0.50). The ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2585385 |
Milt is the seminal fluid of fish, mollusks, and certain other water-dwelling animals which reproduce by spraying this fluid, which contains the sperm, onto roe (fish eggs). It can also refer to the sperm sacs or testes that contain the semen. or soft roe also refers to the male genitalia of fish when they contain sper... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2586311 |
Rammelsbergite is a nickel arsenide mineral with formula NiAs. It forms metallic silvery to tin white to reddish orthorhombic prismatic crystals, and is usually massive in form. It has a Mohs hardness of 5.5 and a specific gravity of 7.1. It was first described in 1854 from its type locality in the Schneeberg District ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2587939 |
Animal engine An animal engine is a machine powered by an animal. Horses, donkeys, oxen, dogs, and humans have all been used in this way. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2590921 |
Ear (botany) An ear is the grain-bearing tip part of the stem of a cereal plant, such as wheat or maize. It can also refer to "a prominent lobe in some leaves." The ear is a spike, consisting of a central stem on which tightly packed rows of flowers grow. These develop into fruits containing the edible seeds. In corn (... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2592596 |
Yousef Sobouti (, born 1932 in Zanjan, Iran) is a contemporary Iranian theoretical physicist. He got his undergraduate degree from Tehran University. In 1960 he received his MSc degree in Physics from University of Toronto. He finished his doctoral thesis on Astronomy and Astrophysics at University of Chicago under the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2593588 |
Christian Ludwig Nitzsch (3 September 1782 – 16 August 1837) was a German zoologist. He is best remembered for his approach to classifying birds on the basis of their feather tract distributions or pterylosis of their young. He was professor of zoology at the University of Halle. While his primary interest lay in ornit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2596918 |
Scorodite is a common hydrated iron arsenate mineral, with the chemical formula FeAsO·2HO. It is found in hydrothermal deposits and as a secondary mineral in gossans worldwide. weathers to limonite. was discovered in the Schwarzenberg, Saxony district, Erzgebirge, Saxony, Germany. Named from the Greek "Scorodion", "gar... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2603952 |
Electron capture detector An electron capture detector (ECD) is a device for detecting atoms and molecules in a gas through the attachment of electrons via electron capture ionization. The device was invented in 1957 by James Lovelock and is used in gas chromatography to detect trace amounts of chemical compounds in a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2606066 |
Electron capture detector ECD detectors are particularly sensitive to halogens, organometallic compounds, nitriles, or nitro compounds. It is not immediately obvious why the capture of electrons by electronegative analytes reduces the current that flows between the anode and cathode: the molecular negative ions of the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2606066 |
Electron capture detector The detection limit for electron capture detectors is 5 femtograms per second (fg/s), and the detector commonly exhibits a 10,000-fold linear range. This made it possible to detect halogenated compounds such as pesticides and CFCs, even at levels of only one part per trillion (ppt), thus revol... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2606066 |
Conformal Killing vector field In conformal geometry, a conformal Killing vector field on a manifold of dimension "n" with (pseudo) Riemannian metric formula_1 (also called a conformal Killing vector, or conformal colineation), is a vector field formula_2 whose (locally defined) flow defines conformal transformations, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2618686 |
Conformal Killing vector field Also note that formula_17 is the unique weight that makes the combination formula_18 invariant under scaling of the metric, therefore, only depending on the conformal structure. Now formula_19 is a "w"-Killing vector field iff Since formula_21 this is equivalent to Taking traces of both s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2618686 |
Abell 2029 or A2029 is a large cluster of galaxies 315 megaparsecs (1.027 billion light-years) away in the constellation Virgo. A2029 is a Bautz–Morgan classification type I cluster due to its large central galaxy, IC 1101. has a diameter of 5.8–8 million light-years. This type of galaxy is called a cD-type brightest c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2624679 |
Emmanuel Dongala Emmanuel Boundzéki Dongala (born 1941) is a Congolese chemist and novelist. He was Richard B. Fisher Chair in Natural Sciences at Bard College at Simon's Rock until 2014. In 1997, he was dean of Marien Ngouabi University in Brazzaville when war broke out in the Republic of Congo. Bard College president... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2624717 |
Copaline (or copalite), also termed fossil resin or Highgate resin, is a naturally occurring organic substance found as irregular pieces of a pale yellow colour, for example in the London Clay at Highgate Hill. It has a resinous aromatic odour when freshly broken, volatilizes at a moderate temperature, and burns readil... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2627408 |
Telluride mineral A telluride mineral is a mineral that has the telluride anion as a main component. Tellurides are similar to sulfides and are grouped with them in both the Dana and Strunz mineral classification systems. Examples include: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2632006 |
Selenide minerals are those minerals that have the selenide anion as a main component. Selenides are similar to sulfides and often grouped with them. Examples include: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2632041 |
Sujoy K. Guha Sujoy Kumar Guha is an Indian biomedical engineer. He was born in Patna, India, 20 June 1940. He did his undergraduate degree ("B.Tech.") in electrical engineering from IIT Kharagpur, followed by a master's degree in electrical engineering at IIT, and another Master's degree from the University of Illinoi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2632438 |
Fyodor Luzhin Fyodor Fyodorovich Luzhin (Russian: "Федор Федорович Лужин") (died 1727) was a Russian geodesist and cartographer. was first a student at the School for Mathematical and Navigational Sciences in Moscow and then in a geodesic class of the Naval Academy in St. Petersburg (until 1718). In 1719–1721, Luzhin t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2635032 |
Creeping wave According to the principle of diffraction, when a wave front passes an obstruction, it spreads out into the shadowed space. A creeping wave in electromagnetism or acoustics is the wave that is diffracted around the shadowed surface of a smooth body such as a sphere. Creeping waves greatly extend the groun... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2635189 |
Standard solution In analytical chemistry, a standard solution is a solution containing a precisely known concentration of an element or a substance. A known weight of solute is dissolved to make a specific volume. It is prepared using a standard substance, such as a primary standard. Standard solutions are used to det... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2639694 |
Standard solution Any form of spectroscopy can be used in this way so long as the analyte species has substantial absorbance in the spectra. The standard solution is a reference guide to discover the molarity of unknown species. Titration methods can be used to acquire the concentration of a standard solution. These in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2639694 |
Geron Corporation is a biotechnology company located in Menlo Park, California, which specializes in developing and commercializing therapeutic products for cancer that inhibit telomerase. Geron, based in Menlo Park, California, was founded by Mary C. West and Michael D. West, now CEO of AgeX Therapeutics. They secured... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2642277 |
Geron Corporation Geron has granted a license to Telomerase Activation Sciences to sell TA-65, the telomerase activator agent also derived from astragalus. In October 2010 Intertek/AAC Labs, an ISO 17025 internationally recognized lab, found the largest component of TA-65 to be Cycloastragenol. Geron originally investi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2642277 |
Geron Corporation As of October 2010 and November 2010, One of Geron's most highly publicized trial therapy products has been GRNOPC1, a stem cell therapy designed to heal severe spinal cord injuries. The cells in the GRNOPC1 therapy have been coaxed into becoming early myelinated glial cells, a type of cell that insul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2642277 |
Geron Corporation In October 2006, a legal challenge was mounted to overturn these patents by The Foundation for Taxpayer and Consumer Rights and the non-profit patent-watchdog Public Patent Foundation. They contended that two of the patents granted to WARF are invalid because they cover a technique published in 1992 f... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2642277 |
DEEP2 Redshift Survey The DEEP2 Survey or DEEP2 was a two-phased Redshift survey of the Redshift z=~1 universe (where z= a measure of speed and by extension, the distance from earth). It used the twin 10 metre Keck telescopes in Hawaii (the world's second largest optical telescope) to measure the spectra and hence the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2642796 |
Iron catastrophe The iron catastrophe was a postulated major geological event early in the history of Earth, where heavy metals such as iron and nickel congregated in the core during a geologically brief period. The original accretion of the Earth's material into a spherical mass is thought to have resulted in a relati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2652285 |
Iron catastrophe The magnetosphere protects both Earth's atmosphere and life to the present day and distinguishes the planet from its close celestial neighbour, Mars, which no longer has a significant magnetic field nor comparable atmosphere. The term "catastrophe" is, here, in the mathematical sense of "a large, sudde... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2652285 |
Personalized medicine Personalized medicine, precision medicine, or theranostics is a medical model that separates people into different groups—with medical decisions, practices, interventions and/or products being tailored to the individual patient based on their predicted response or risk of disease. The terms person... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2652481 |
Personalized medicine Although most of the variation between individuals has no effect on health, an individual's health stems from genetic variation with behaviors and influences from the environment. Modern advances in personalized medicine rely on technology that confirms a patient's fundamental biology, DNA, RNA, o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2652481 |
Personalized medicine In some instances personalised health care can be tailored to the markup of the disease causing agent instead of the patient's genetic markup; examples are drug resistant bacteria or viruses. In order for physicians to know if a mutation is connected to a certain disease, researchers often do a st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2652481 |
Personalized medicine This approach uses the same sequencing technology to focus on the evaluation of disease risk, allowing the physician to initiate preventive treatment before the disease presents itself in their patient. For example, if it is found that a DNA mutation increases a person's risk of developing Type 2 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2652481 |
Personalized medicine An individual's genetic make-up also plays a large role in how well they respond to a certain treatment, and therefore, knowing their genetic content can change the type of treatment they receive. An aspect of this is pharmacogenomics, which uses an individual's genome to provide a more informed a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2652481 |
Personalized medicine For instance, many women are already being genotyped for certain mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene if they are predisposed because of a family history of breast cancer or ovarian cancer. As more causes of diseases are mapped out according to mutations that exist within a genome, the easier the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2652481 |
Personalized medicine Having an individual's genomic information can be significant in the process of developing drugs as they await approval from the FDA for public use. Having a detailed account of an individual's genetic make-up can be a major asset in deciding if a patient can be chosen for inclusion or exclusion i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2652481 |
Personalized medicine As quoted from the article "Pharmacogenomics: The Promise of Personalised Medicine", “therapy with the right drug at the right dose in the right patient” is a description of how personalized medicine will affect the future of treatment. For instance, Tamoxifen used to be a drug commonly prescribed... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2652481 |
Personalized medicine Though not necessarily utilizing genetic information, the customized production of a drug whose various properties (e.g. dose level, ingredient selection, route of administration, etc.) are selected and crafted for an individual patient is accepted as an area of personalised medicine (in contrast ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2652481 |
Personalized medicine "Personalized Onco-genomics" is the application of personalized medicine to Cancer Genomics, or “oncogenomics”. High-throughput sequencing methods are used to characterize genes associated with cancer to better understand disease pathology and improve drug development. Oncogenomics is one of the m... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2652481 |
Personalized medicine The FDA has already started to take initiatives to integrate personalised medicine into their regulatory policies. An FDA report in October 2013 entitled, “"Paving the Way for Personalized Medicine: FDA’s role in a New Era of Medical Product Development",” in which they outlined steps they would h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2652481 |
Personalized medicine Those who oppose patents argue that patents on DNA sequences are an impediment to ongoing research while proponents point to research exemption and stress that patents are necessary to entice and protect the financial investments required for commercial research and the development and advancement... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2652481 |
Personalized medicine One of the largest issues is the fear and potential consequences for patients who are predisposed after genetic testing or found to be non-responsive towards certain treatments. This includes the psychological effects on patients due to genetic testing results. The right of family members who do n... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2652481 |
Peter Quinn (astronomer) Professor Peter Quinn is Executive Director of the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR) in Perth, Western Australia and was previously the head of the Data Management and Operations Division at the European Southern Observatory (ESO). Professor Quinn has authored more than ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2653867 |
Biopharmaceutical A biopharmaceutical, also known as a biologic(al) medical product, or biologic, is any pharmaceutical drug product manufactured in, extracted from, or semisynthesized from biological sources. Different from totally synthesized pharmaceuticals, they include vaccines, blood, blood components, allergenic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2654847 |
Biopharmaceutical The European Medicines Agency uses the term "advanced therapy medicinal products" (ATMPs) for medicines for human use that are "based on genes, cells, or tissue engineering", including gene therapy medicines, somatic-cell therapy medicines, tissue-engineered medicines, and combinations thereof. Within... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2654847 |
Biopharmaceutical These medications are usually one of three types: Biologics as a class of medications in this narrower sense have had a profound impact on many medical fields, primarily rheumatology and oncology, but also cardiology, dermatology, gastroenterology, neurology, and others. In most of these disciplines, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2654847 |
Biopharmaceutical The first such substance approved for therapeutic use was biosynthetic "human" insulin made via recombinant DNA. Sometimes referred to as rHI, under the trade name Humulin, was developed by Genentech, but licensed to Eli Lilly and Company, who manufactured and marketed it starting in 1982. Major kinds... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2654847 |
Biopharmaceutical Thus, biosimilars require a different regulatory framework compared to small-molecule generics. Legislation in the 21st century has addressed this by recognizing an intermediate ground of testing for biosimilars. The filing pathway requires more testing than for small-molecule generics, but less testi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2654847 |
Biopharmaceutical In 1978 the total patents granted was 30. This had climbed to 15,600 in 1995, and by 2001 there were 34,527 patent applications. In 2012 the US had the highest IP (Intellectual Property) generation within the biopharmaceutical industry, generating 37 percent of the total number of granted patents worl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2654847 |
Biopharmaceutical Alternative platforms of production which are being tested include whole plants (plant-made pharmaceuticals). A potentially controversial method of producing biopharmaceuticals involves transgenic organisms, particularly plants and animals that have been genetically modified to produce drugs. This pro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2654847 |
Biopharmaceutical The characterisation of a biological medicinal product is a combination of testing the active substance and the final medicinal product together with the production process and its control. For example: In the United States, biologics are licensed through the biologics license application (BLA), then ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2654847 |
Evershed effect The Evershed effect, named after the British astronomer John Evershed, is the radial flow of gas across the photospheric surface of the penumbra of sunspots from the inner border with the umbra towards the outer edge. The speed varies from around 1 km/s at the border between the umbra and the penumbra t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2656271 |
Evershed effect In synthesis, the proposed mechanisms are: The effect was commemorated in a postage stamp issued in India on 2 December 2008. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2656271 |
Center of percussion The center of percussion is the point on an extended massive object attached to a pivot where a perpendicular impact will produce no reactive shock at the pivot. Translational and rotational motions cancel at the pivot when an impulsive blow is struck at the center of percussion. The center of perc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2664158 |
Center of percussion If the blow falls below the CP the opposite will occur, rotational motion at P will be larger than translational motion and the fixture will move initially leftward. Only if the blow falls exactly on the CP will the two components of motion cancel out to produce zero net initial movement at point P... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2664158 |
Center of percussion Length formula_17 also defines the center of oscillation of a physical pendulum, that is, the position of the mass of a simple pendulum that has the same period as the physical pendulum. For the special case of a beam of uniform density of length formula_18, the moment of inertia around the CM is: ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2664158 |
Center of percussion Being flexible objects, the "sweet spot" for such cutting weapons depends not only on the center of percussion but also on the flexing and vibrational characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2664158 |
Eugène Bourgeau (1813–1877) was a French naturalist. He was native of Brizon in the "département" of Haute-Savoie in France. As a young man, he worked at the botanical garden in Lyon, where his influences included Nicolas Charles Seringe and Claude Thomas Alexis Jordan. In 1843 he relocated to Paris, where he was hired... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2669439 |
Nitryl is the nitrogen dioxide (NO) moiety when it occurs in a larger compound as a univalent fragment. Examples include nitryl fluoride (NOF) and nitryl chloride (NOCl). Like nitrogen dioxide, the nitryl moiety contains a nitrogen atom with two bonds to the two oxygen atoms, and a third bond shared equally between the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2671210 |
Stannite (ion) The stannite ion is , or similar. Stannite ion can be formed by adding strong base to stannous hydroxide. Stannite ion is a strong reducing agent; also, it may disproportionate to tin metal plus stannate ion. There are stannite compounds, for example, sodium stannite, NaSnO. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2671281 |
Anil Kumar Das FRAS, FNI (1 February, 1902 - 18 February, 1961) was an Indian scientist, astronomer. During the International Geophysical Year, observatories in Madrid, India, and Manila were responsible for monitoring solar effects. The Kodaikanal Solar Observatory in South India performed this monitoring using their ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2673451 |
Anil Kumar Das He contributed significantly to the development of the equipment present at the Kodaikanal Observatory and to the growth of numerous young researchers. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2673451 |
State-universal coupled cluster (SUCC) method is one of several multi-reference coupled-cluster (MR) generalizations of single-reference coupled cluster method. It was first formulated by Bogumił Jeziorski and Hendrik Monkhorst in their work published in Physical Review A in 1981. is often abbreviated as SUMR-CC or MR-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2674172 |
Thionyl The thionyl group is SO, a sulfur atom plus an oxygen atom. It occurs in compounds such as thionyl fluoride, SOF. chloride, SOCl, is a common reagent used in organic synthesis to convert carboxylic acids to acyl chlorides. In organic chemistry, the thionyl group is known as a sulfoxide group or sulfinyl group, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2676960 |
Döbereiner's lamp Döbereiner's lamp, also called a "tinderbox" ("Feuerzeug"), is a lighter invented in 1823 by the German chemist Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner; the lighter is based on the Fürstenberger lighter and was in production until ca. 1880. In the jar, similar to the Kipp's apparatus, zinc metal reacts with dilute... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2677544 |
Biotech Sweden was a Swedish tabloid magazine about and for the Scandinavian life science and biotech industry. "Biotech Sweden" was first published on 9 April 2002 by IDG Sweden, a subsidiary of IDG. It was sister publication of "Bio-IT World". At its initial phase "Biotech Sweden" was published seven times a year. Th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2679032 |
Bel decomposition In semi-Riemannian geometry, the Bel decomposition, taken with respect to a specific timelike congruence, is a way of breaking up the Riemann tensor of a pseudo-Riemannian manifold into lower order tensors with properties similar to the electric field and magnetic field. Such a decomposition was parti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2679447 |
Electrogravitic tensor In general relativity, the gravitoelectric tensor or tidal tensor is one of the pieces in the Bel decomposition of the Riemann tensor. It is physically interpreted as giving the tidal stresses on small bits of a material object (which may also be acted upon by other physical forces), or the tidal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2679811 |
Magnetogravitic tensor In general relativity, the magnetogravitic tensor is one of the three pieces appearing in the Bel decomposition of the Riemann tensor. The magnetogravitic tensor can be interpreted physically as a specifying possible spin-spin forces on spinning bits of matter, such as spinning test particles. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2679881 |
Topogravitic tensor In general relativity, the topogravitic tensor is one of the three pieces of the Bel decomposition of the Riemann tensor. The topogravitic tensor can be interpreted as representing the sectional curvatures for the spatial part of a frame field. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2679889 |
Heatproof mat A heatproof mat is a piece of apparatus commonly used in tabletop lab experiments that involve moderate temperatures (for example, when a Bunsen burner is being used) to prevent damage to a work surface. They may also be used for domestic equipment, such as hair straighteners, hair dryers or other hot obj... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2679929 |
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