text stringlengths 11 1.65k | source stringlengths 38 44 |
|---|---|
Heel effect This results in a much less apparent anode heel effect, though the effective focal spot size is increased. Almost all modern diagnostic x-ray machines exhibit the heel effect to some degree. Its effect on images is mostly avoided through consideration of patient positioning. For example, when imaging a foot which is thicker at the ankle end than the toes, the toes should be positioned towards the anode and the ankle towards the cathode. There have also been some efforts to eliminate the heel effect through automatic software adjustment of pixel values. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42504282 |
Ana Maria Rey is a Colombian theoretical physicist, professor at University of Colorado at Boulder and a JILA fellow. Rey was the first Hispanic woman to win the Blavatnik Awards for Young Scientists in 2019. Rey earned a bachelor's degree in physics at Universidad de los Andes in Bogotá in 1999. On July 29, 2000, Rey got married. Two days later, she immigrated to the United States. She got her Ph.D. in physics at University of Maryland in 2004. She went on to work as a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard University. Rey is a theoretical quantum physicist who works on ultra-cold atoms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42508883 |
Brocadia fulgida "Candidatus Brocadia fulgida" is a bacterial species that performs the anammox process. Fatty acids constitute an enrichment culture for "B. fulgida". The species' 16S ribosomal RNA sequence has been determined. During the anammox process, it oxidizes acetate at the highest rate and out-competes other anammox bacteria which indicates that it doesn't incorporate acetate directly into their biomass like other anammox bacteria. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42516927 |
World Cell Race The is a competition among labs to see which cell type can travel 600 microns the fastest. The idea is to promote research into how to make cells move faster to aid immune system response or slow metastatic cancers. A fork with a dead end was added to the course in 2013 to assess responses to growth-factor protein. The race was broadcast live online. A Dicty World Race "to "find the fastest and smartest Dicty cells" is scheduled to take place May 16, 2014 in Boston. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42535535 |
Simian-T-lymphotropic virus Simian-T-lymphotropic viruses, also Simian T-cell leukemia viruses (STLVs), are retroviruses closely related to the human sexually and breastfeeding transmissible viruses HTLV. They have subtypes 1 through 4 as compared to HTLV 1 through 4, and each subtype has its own serovars. Together they comprise PTLVs (primate T-lymphotropic viruses) A study has shown that STLV-1 Tax and SBZ proteins have similar functions to their counterparts of HTLV-1. STLV-1 is oncogenic in Japanese macaques. In particular, the HTLV-I/STLV-I history might suggest a simian migration from Asia to Africa not much earlier than 19,500–60,000 years ago. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42540453 |
Charles Prévost was a French chemist. He was born on 20 March 1899 at Champlitte, Haute-Saône and died in 1983. Prévost was the son of Georges Prévost (1873–1959) and Marie Zimmermann (1873–1932). He married Eléonore Fumée (1899–1966), with whom he had two children. After studying at Lycée Louis-le-Grand he was a student from 1919 to 1923 at the École Normale Supérieure and at the University of Paris. In 1923 he entered the agrégation in physical sciences and spent six years as an assistant at the École Navale. In 1928 he received his doctorate in physical sciences. From 1929 to 1933 he was a lecturer in Nancy, then becoming a professor of chemistry; from 1936 to 1937 he was a professor at Lille. In November of that year he became maître de conférences (senior lecturer) for physical, chemical and natural sciences at the Faculté des sciences de Paris; then in 1941 he transferred to be maître de conferences for organic chemistry. In 1953 he was made chair of organic chemistry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42547282 |
Fervidobacterium islandicum is a species of extremely thermophilic anaerobic bacteria, first isolated from an Icelandic hot spring. Its cells are Gram-negative motile rods, about 1.8 μm in length, and 0.6 μm in width. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42548898 |
Edward Pigott (1753–1825) was an English astronomer notable for being one of the founders of the study of variable stars . Son of the astronomer Nathaniel Pigott, Pigott's work focused on variable stars. Educated in France with a mother from Louvain, the family moved to York in 1781. Despite their significant age difference, he was a friend and collaborator of John Goodricke (his distant cousin) until the latter's untimely death at the age of 21 in 1786. In 1784, Pigott informed the Royal Society of his discovery of a new variable star. This was Eta Aquilae which he had identified the previous year. He corresponded with leading astronomers of the day including William Herschel and Nevil Maskelyne. Pigott moved to Bath in 1796. Pigott's notebooks survive at York City Archives. Asteroid 10220 Pigott is named after Edward and his father. It was discovered by R. A. Tucker at the observatory in Tucson, Arizona which bears Pigott's name and that of his friend Goodricke. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42557005 |
Infrared Science Archive The (IRSA) is the primary archive for the infrared and submillimeter astronomical projects of NASA, the space agency of the United States. IRSA curates the science products of over 15 missions, including the Spitzer Space Telescope, the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS), and the Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS). It also serves data from infrared and submillimeter European Space Agency missions with NASA participation, including the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO), Planck, and the Herschel Space Observatory. , IRSA provides access to more than 1 petabyte of data comprised of roughly 1 trillion astronomical measurements, which span wavelengths from 1 micron to 10 millimeters and include all-sky coverage in 24 bands. Approximately 10% of all refereed astronomical journal articles cite data sets curated by IRSA. IRSA is part of the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC) and is located on the campus of the California Institute of Technology. It is one of NASA's Astrophysics Data Centers, along with the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC), the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST), and others. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42566408 |
BioMotiv is an accelerator company associated with The Harrington Project, a $340 million initiative centered at University Hospitals of Cleveland. Therapeutic opportunities are identified through relationships with The Harrington Discovery Institute, university and research institutions, disease foundations, and industry sources. Once opportunities are identified, oversees the development, funding, active management, and partnering of the therapeutic products. The Harrington Project was launched as an effort to bridge varying aspects of the drug development sphere. In response to recent decline in the number of traditional, early-stage biotechnology venture capital firms, utilizes an asset-centric model to in-license, fund, and manage technologies in-house. Its goal is to address the "valley of death" between research, discovery, and early clinical-stage drug development. Projects are advanced by the management team through clinical proof-of-concept and then out-licensed via strategic alliances with pharmaceutical companies. The company has raised over $146 million to date. Major investors include The Harrington Family, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, Biogen, Arix Bioscience and Charles River Laboratories | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42576177 |
BioMotiv Ron Harrington, BioMotiv's Board of Managers Chairman and The Harrington Project's lead, led Edgepark Medical Supplies and after growing the business successfully, sold the company in 2011 to Goldman Sachs and Clayton, Dubilier & Rice (which renamed the company AssuraMed and sold it again in 2014 to Cardinal Health, Inc.). recruited Baiju Shah, former CEO of BioEnterprise, a non-profit aimed at boosting Cleveland's healthcare economy, to lead its efforts. Prior to founding BioEnterprise, Baiju worked at McKinsey & Company. Ted Torphy is BioMotiv's Chief Scientific Officer. Prior to BioMotiv, he served as Global Head of External Innovation & Business Models for Discovery Sciences, Vice President and Head of External Research and Early Development, and Corporate Vice President and Head of Johnson & Johnson's Corporate Office of Science & Technology. David C. U'Prichard is Chairman of the Advisory Board; he has served on a number of biotechnology boards, as a venture partner at several funds, and was Chairman of Research and Development at SmithKline Beecham. launched its first subsidiary company, Orca Pharmaceuticals, in 2013. Based in Oxford, England, it worked in collaboration with New York University Innovation Venture Fund to develop RAR-related orphan receptor gamma (RORy) inhibitors for treatments of psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis and inflammatory bowel disease | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42576177 |
BioMotiv Today, BioMotiv's subsidiary portfolio includes ten companies across five indication areas: BioMotiv's strategic partners include leaders in the drug development and pharmaceutical industries, as well as disease foundations. In September 2014, entered into its first strategic partnership with Takeda Pharmaceutical Company in the areas of Immunology & Inflammation and Cardio-metabolic Diseases. Today, has four strategic partners: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42576177 |
List of recorded icebergs by area This is a list of icebergs by total area. In 1956, an iceberg in the Antarctic was reported to be an estimated long and wide. Recorded before the era of satellite photography, the 1956 iceberg's estimated dimensions are less reliable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42577047 |
National Institute of Biotechnology (NIB)() is a governmental institute in Bangladesh under the Ministry of Science and Technology. It was established in 1999 by the government as part of an ADP( agricultural development project )project to intensify the biotechnological research in the country. Dr. Naiyyum Choudhury was the founding project director of the Institute The main objective of the institute is to coordinate the biotechnological researches carried out throughout the country as well as conducting its own research programs in different areas of biotechnology. The institute is also responsible to create skilled manpower for biotechnology and genetic engineering. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42589894 |
Putnisite is a mineral composed of strontium, calcium, chromium, sulfur, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. It was discovered on the Polar Bear Peninsula in Shire of Dundas, Western Australia in 2007 during mining activity. Following identification and recognition by the IMA in 2012 the mineral was named after mineralogists Andrew and Christine Putnis. has unique chemical and structural properties, and does not appear to be related to any of the existing mineralogical families. Crystals are translucent purple, but show distinct pleochroism (from pale purple to pale bluish grey, depending on the angle of observation) and leave pink streaks when rubbed on a flat surface. occurs as small (< 0.5 mm) cube-like crystals in volcanic rock. The mineral formed during the oxidation environment within komatiite to dioritic bodies containing sulfide minerals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42594954 |
Hemihelix A hemihelix is a quasi-helical curved geometric shape characterized by repeated tendril perversions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42599642 |
Tarsus (crater) Tarsus is an impact crater in the Oxia Palus quadrangle of Mars, located at 23.12° N and 40.26° W. It is 18.55 kilometers in diameter and was named after the city of Tarsus, Turkey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42603684 |
Poona (crater) Poona is an impact crater in Chryse Planitia in the Lunae Palus quadrangle of Mars, located at 23.93° N and 52.32° W. It measures 19.87 kilometers in diameter and was named after the city of Pune, Maharashtra, India. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42604002 |
Belz (crater) Belz Crater is an impact crater in the Oxia Palus quadrangle of Mars, located at 23.93° N and 43.23° W. It is 10.21 km in diameter and was named after the city of Belz, Lviv Oblast, Ukraine. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42604296 |
Emil Hermann Zeck (16 November 1891 – 3 September 1963) was an Australian entomologist and biological illustrator. He was highly respected for his beautiful and scientifically accurate illustrations, especially of insects. Zeck was born in Sydney. His artistic talent was recognised early and from 1908 to 1923 he worked as an entomological illustrator at the Government Printing Office in Sydney. He subsequently joined the staff of the New South Wales Department of Agriculture as an entomologist and remained there until his retirement in 1956. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42604618 |
Lela Viola Barton (1901–1967) was an American botanist who specialized in seed germination and storage. Lela Barton was born in Farmington, Washington County, Arkansas, on 14 November 1901, the third of five children born to Gaston Reuben and Mary Fannie (née Miller) Barton. Barton worked at the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research at Yonkers, in New York City, specializing in seeds. Barton died aged 66 at Tucson, Arizona, on 31 July 1967; she was buried at Fairview Memorial Gardens, Fayetteville, Arkansas. She never married. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42607550 |
Fermi ball In cosmology, Fermi balls are hypothetical objects that may have been created in the early history of the universe by spontaneous symmetry breaking. One paper has described them as "charged SLAC-bag type structures". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42642215 |
SLAC bag model The is a simple theoretical model for a possible structure for hadrons. The MIT bag model is another similar model. The "SLAC" in the name stands for Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42642303 |
Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum The (LKCNHM) (Chinese: 李光前自然历史博物馆) is a museum of natural history at the Kent Ridge Campus of the National University of Singapore. Officially opened on 18 April 2015, it houses the Raffles Natural History Collection. The idea for a natural history collection was first mooted by Sir Stamford Raffles, and the collection of Southeast Asian biodiversity was begun in 1849 at the Raffles Museum (now the National Museum of Singapore). In 1972, the Government of Singapore removed the natural history collections from the National Museum and gave them to the Zoology Department of what was then the University of Singapore. They were housed in various temporary premises, including the Nanyang Technological University for seven years. Subsequently, they were returned to the NUS and housed in the Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research. LKCNHM inherited the natural history collections from the Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research. The Museum currently has more than 560,000 catalogued lots in its collection and over a million specimens from throughout the region. About 2,000 of these are exhibited in the museum's galleries. In February 2016, the museum announced that $1 million was raised for scientific and educational efforts related to the 10.6m adult female sperm whale carcass dubbed "Jubi Lee" found in Singapore waters in July 2015. The "Jubilee Whale Exhibit" was unveiled on 14 March that year. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42652788 |
Maxwell Sydney Moulds is an Australian entomologist. The majority of his books are written about Cicadas. led a morphological analysis of the genus and discovered the cicadas separation naturally into clades according to biogeographical area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42660286 |
Iceberg A-38 The A-38 was a large iceberg that split from the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf in Antarctica in 1998. The iceberg, more than 144 km long and 48 km wide, was the largest iceberg that had been observed in a decade. By October 22, 1998, A-38B had started to break off the original iceberg. The pieces drifted about north to around South Georgia Island in the South Atlantic. On April 12, 2004, the A-38B iceberg was about long. The next time MODIS flew over the iceberg on 15 April, A-38B had broken in half. By 17-18 April, the eastern half of the iceberg had moved quickly north and turned west. The western half of the iceberg seemed to stay in place. Another section of the A-38 iceberg, A-39D, was covered in meltwater ponds as it drifted past South Georgia Island in late January 2004, the height of the summer in the Southern Hemisphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42660500 |
Theodor Otto Thieme Theodor Alexander Otto Thieme ( 24 January 1857, Oldisleben – 1 July 1907, Berlin?) was a German entomologist. Thieme was a teacher (oberlehrer). He specialised in the Coleoptera and Satyrinae of the neotropics. His work on Pronophilina is especially important. His collections are variously held by Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Zoologische Staatssammlung München and Muséum national d'histoire naturelle. Professor Dr. Otto Thieme first studied theology and classical philology at the universities of Jena and Leipzig. He worked for some years at a German private school in Viborg then in Finland and later in the service of higher education in the city of Berlin. He collected insects in Italy, France and Switzerland, then travelled to South America on a two year expedition. partial list Ziegler, F. 1907: [Thieme, O.] "Berl. Ent. Ztschr., Berlin" 52 (2) 114-116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42664042 |
Falk Herwig (born 1969) is a Canadian astrophysicist who is known for his researches at the University of Victoria. He has over 200 peer-reviewed articles which brought him an h-index of 37. In 1998 he and another astrophysicist, Thomas Driebe, described the evolution of helium white dwarfs and two years later published his finding on evolution of convective overshooting of asymptotic giant branch stars. In 1999 he and his colleagues described what happens after the star explodes. He used the PG 1159 star as an example and proved the existence of convective overshooting. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42665086 |
2014 Ontario fireball On 4 May 2014 around 4:17pm (EDT) a daylight bolide occurred near Ontario. The meteoroid was estimated to be roughly in diameter. The air burst was estimated to be equivalent to approximately 10–20 tons of TNT. The meteor was first seen in Peterborough and traveled on a southwest-to-northeast trajectory. A meteor of this size impacts Earth about twice a week. The meteor was large enough that it may have generated meteorites. A strewn field has not yet been located but would be downstream after dark flight. Weather radar returns suggest that the meteorite(s) may have landed near Codrington. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42674255 |
Anaerolinea thermolimosa is a thermophilic, non-spore-forming, non-motile, Gram-negative, filamentous bacteria with type strain IMO-1 (=JCM 12577 =DSM 16554). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42681375 |
Levilinea saccharolytica is a mesophilic, non-spore-forming, non-motile, Gram-negative, filamentous bacteria with type strain KIBI-1 (=JCM 12578 =DSM 16555), the type species of its genus. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42681385 |
Leptolinea tardivitalis is a mesophilic, non-spore-forming, non-motile, Gram-negative, filamentous bacteria with type strain YMTK-2 (=JCM 12579 =DSM 16556), the type species of its genus. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42681393 |
Multi-messenger astronomy is astronomy based on the coordinated observation and interpretation of disparate "messenger" signals. Interplanetary probes can visit objects within the Solar System, but beyond that, information must rely on "extrasolar messengers". The four extrasolar messengers are electromagnetic radiation, gravitational waves, neutrinos, and cosmic rays. They are created by different astrophysical processes, and thus reveal different information about their sources. The main multi-messenger sources outside the heliosphere are expected to be compact binary pairs (black holes and neutron stars), supernovae, irregular neutron stars, gamma-ray bursts, active galactic nuclei, and relativistic jets. The table below lists several types of events and expected messengers. Detection from one messenger and non-detection from a different messenger can also be informative. The Supernova Early Warning System (SNEWS), established in 1999 at Brookhaven National Laboratory and automated since 2005, combines multiple neutrino detectors to generate supernova alerts. The Astrophysical Multimessenger Observatory Network (AMON), created in 2013, is a broader and more ambitious project to facilitate the sharing of preliminary observations and to encourage the search for "sub-threshold" events which are not perceptible to any single instrument. It is based at Pennsylvania State University. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42718949 |
10924 virus The is a strain of "Latino mammarenavirus", of family "Arenaviridae". It's host is "Calomys callosus" and it was isolated in Bolivia. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42729057 |
3076 virus The is a strain of "Mobala virus" in the genus "Arenavirus". It was isolated from a species of "Praomys" in the Central African Republic. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42729168 |
NGC 4485 is an irregular galaxy located in the constellation of Canes Venatici. It is interacting with the spiral galaxy NGC 4490 and as a result both galaxies are distorted and are undergoing intense star formation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42739040 |
Amidicity The amidicity scale is a computational method for calculating the strength of an amide bond in an organic compound on a linear scale. It is analogous to aromaticity. It is based on the computed enthalpy of hydrogenation when compared to the reference compounds dimethylacetamide and azaadamantane-2-one. If an amidicity value is close to 100%, then the compound has very good amidic character (and is perfect at 100%); if the value is close to, or below, 0%, then the compound has a lack of amidic character. The scale is not restricted to these values; compounds with weaker amide bonds than azaadamantane-2-one will have amidicities below 0%, while compounds with stronger amide bonds than dimethylacetamide will have amidicities of above 100%. If the amidicity value is altered during an acylation, then this will act as a key thermodynamic component of the reaction. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42777214 |
Climatological normal is a 30-year average of a weather variable. Climatological normals are used as an average or baseline to evaluate climate events and provide context for year-to-year variability. Normals can be calculated for a variety of weather variables including temperature and precipitation and rely on data from weather stations. Variability from the 30-year averages is typical and climate variability looks at the magnitude of extremes. The current normals period used, for example, is 1981-2010. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42778673 |
Pump inducer An inducer is the axial inlet portion of a centrifugal pump rotor, the function of which is to raise the inlet head by an amount sufficient to prevent significant cavitation in the following pump stage. It is used in applications in which the inlet pressure of a pump is close to the vapor pressure of the pumped liquid. Inducers are frequently included in design of turbopumps for liquid propellant rocket engines, although they are used in other applications which require high suction performance. In order to achieve high delta-v, the structural mass of a launch vehicle should be as low as possible. Liquid fuel tanks can be constructed lighter if the pressure within those tanks is kept low. Typically, for pump-fed rocket engines, the propellant tank pressures (and masses) are 1/10 to 1/40 of those in a pressure-fed rocket. The structural weight constraint also makes the rotating speed of the turbopump rotor as high as possible. For example, the rotating speed of the oxygen turbopump of the Japanese LE-7 rocket engine is 18300rpm. These two factors above combine to make the pump impeller very susceptible to cavitation. If cavitation occurs in the impeller, the performance of the pump will be severely degraded and the pump itself may be damaged. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42779263 |
3099 virus The is a strain of "Mobala mammarenavirus" in the genus "Mammarenavirus". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42786008 |
3739 virus The or Pichinde virus - 3739 is a strain of "Cali mammarenavirus" in the genus "Mammarenavirus". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42786025 |
63U-11 virus The (63UV) is a strain of Marituba virus in the genus Orthobunyavirus. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42786029 |
75V 2621 virus The (V2621V) is a strain of Gamboa virus in the genus Bunyavirus. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42786057 |
Human echovirus 9 Echovirus 9 (also known as E-9, E.C.H.O. 9, and formerly Coxsackie A23 or A23 virus) is a serotype of echovirus. When first discovered, it was labelled as a coxsackie A virus, A23. It was later discovered that A23 was an echovirus antigenically identical to the already-known echovirus 9. Echovirus 9 is the most common enterovirus type. It is a common cause of illness in humans, although unlike many enteroviruses, it rarely infects infants. Its transmission is facilitated by crowded conditions. Those who are slightly ill and children are at particular risk of contracting echovirus 9 (A23). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42786372 |
Abadina virus The (ABAV) is a serotype of "Palyam virus" in the genus "Orbivirus" belonging to the Palyam serogroup. It was considered a distinct species of virus until 1984. The virus is isolated from "Culicoides" sp. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42786395 |
Abney virus The is a virus, isolated from an anal swab of a child named Abney with upper respiratory illness, which became a prototype strain of Orthoreovirus type 3. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42786460 |
Above Maiden virus The (ABMV) is a serotype of "Great Island virus" in the genus "Orbivirus". It should not be confused with Maiden virus (MDNV) which is a different strain of "Great Island virus". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42786476 |
Absettarov virus The (ABSV) is a strain of tick-borne encephalitis virus (Far Eastern subtype) in the genus "Flavivirus". It was isolated in 1951 in Leningrad from the blood of a 3-year-old boy with biphasic fever and signs of meningitis. It can be found in Sweden, Finland, Poland, former Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Austria, Bulgaria, and western parts of the former USSR. It was considered a species until 2000. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42786590 |
Abu Hammad virus The (AHV) is a strain in the genus "Orthonairovirus" belonging to the Dera Ghazi Khan serogroup. It was isolated from a tick, "Argas hermanni", in Egypt. This virus doesn't cause disease in humans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42786628 |
Abu Mina virus The (ABMV) is a strain in the genus "Orthonairovirus" belonging to the Dera Ghazi Khan serogroup. This virus has not been reported to cause disease in humans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42786660 |
Acado virus The (ACDV) is a serotype of "Corriparta virus" in the genus "Orbivirus" in the Corriparta serogroup. Isolated from "Culex antennatus" and "C. univittatus neavi" in Ethiopia. Not reported to cause disease in humans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42786676 |
Acara orthobunyavirus (ACAV) is a species in the genus "Orthobunyavirus", belonging to the Capim serogroup. It is isolated from sentinel mice, Culex species, and the rodent "Nectomys squamipes" in Pará, Brazil and in Panama. The symptoms of the Acará virus is death. Sometimes reported to cause disease in humans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42786692 |
Acatinga virus The (ACTV) is a probable species in the genus "Orbivirus", isolated from phlebotomine sandflies in the Amazon region of Brazil. Antigenically related to Changuinola virus. This virus have not reported to cause disease in humans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42787857 |
Acciptrid herpesvirus 1 (AcHV-1) is an unaccepted species of virus suggested to belong to the order "Herpesvirales" and family "Herpesviridae". It was isolated from a bald eagle ("Haliaeetus leucocephalus"). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42787879 |
Acid-stable equine picornavirus (EqPV) is a member virus of "Erbovirus A" in the family "Picornaviridae". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42787942 |
Deinococcus saxicola is a species of low temperature and drought-tolerating, UV-resistant bacteria from Antarctica. It is Gram-positive, non-motile and coccoid-shaped. Its type strain is AA-1444 (DSM 15974). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42802159 |
De materia medica (Latin name for the Greek work Περὶ ὕλης ἰατρικῆς, "Peri hulēs iatrikēs", both meaning "On Medical Material") is a pharmacopoeia of medicinal plants and the medicines that can be obtained from them. The five-volume work was written between 50 and 70 CE by Pedanius Dioscorides, a Greek physician in the Roman army. It was widely read for more than 1,500 years until supplanted by revised herbals in the Renaissance, making it one of the longest-lasting of all natural history books. The work describes many drugs known to be effective, including aconite, aloes, colocynth, colchicum, henbane, opium and squill. In all, about 600 plants are covered, along with some animals and mineral substances, and around 1000 medicines made from them. "De materia medica" was circulated as illustrated manuscripts, copied by hand, in Greek, Latin and Arabic throughout the mediaeval period. From the sixteenth century on, Dioscorides' text was translated into Italian, German, Spanish, and French, and in 1655 into English. It formed the basis for herbals in these languages by men such as Leonhart Fuchs, Valerius Cordus, Lobelius, Rembert Dodoens, Carolus Clusius, John Gerard and William Turner. Gradually these herbals included more and more direct observations, supplementing and eventually supplanting the classical text | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42841555 |
De materia medica Several manuscripts and early printed versions of "De materia medica" survive, including the illustrated Vienna Dioscurides manuscript written in the original Greek in sixth-century Constantinople; it was used there by the Byzantines as a hospital text for just over a thousand years. Sir Arthur Hill saw a monk on Mount Athos still using a copy of Dioscorides to identify plants in 1934. Between 50 and 70 AD, a Greek physician in the Roman army, Dioscorides, wrote a five-volume book in his native Greek, ("Peri hules iatrikēs", "On Medical Material"), known more widely in Western Europe by its Latin title "De materia medica". He had studied pharmacology at Tarsus in Roman Anatolia (now Turkey). The book became the principal reference work on pharmacology across Europe and the Middle East for over 1500 years, and was thus the precursor of all modern pharmacopoeias. In contrast to many classical authors, "De materia medica" was not "rediscovered" in the Renaissance, because it never left circulation; indeed, Dioscorides' text eclipsed the Hippocratic Corpus. In the medieval period, "De materia medica" was circulated in Latin, Greek, and Arabic. In the Renaissance from 1478 onwards, it was printed in Italian, German, Spanish, and French as well. In 1655, John Goodyer made an English translation from a printed version, probably not corrected from the Greek | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42841555 |
De materia medica While being reproduced in manuscript form through the centuries, the text was often supplemented with commentary and minor additions from Arabic and Indian sources. Several illustrated manuscripts of "De materia medica" survive. The most famous is the lavishly illustrated Vienna Dioscurides (the "Juliana Anicia Codex"), written in the original Greek in Byzantine Constantinople in 512/513 AD; its illustrations are sufficiently accurate to permit identification, something not possible with later medieval drawings of plants; some of them may be copied from a lost volume owned by Juliana Anicia's great grandfather, Theodosius II, in the early 5th century. The Naples Dioscurides and Morgan Dioscurides are somewhat later Byzantine manuscripts in Greek, while other Greek manuscripts survive today in the monasteries of Mount Athos. Densely illustrated Arabic copies survive from the 12th and 13th centuries. The result is a complex set of relationships between manuscripts, involving translation, copying errors, additions of text and illustrations, deletions, reworkings, and a combination of copying from one manuscript and correction from another. "De materia medica" is the prime historical source of information about the medicines used by the Greeks, Romans, and other cultures of antiquity. The work also records the Dacian names for some plants, which otherwise would have been lost | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42841555 |
De materia medica The work presents about 600 medicinal plants in all, along with some animals and mineral substances, and around 1000 medicines made from these sources. Botanists have not always found Dioscorides' plants easy to identify from his short descriptions, partly because he had naturally described plants and animals from southeastern Europe, whereas by the sixteenth century his book was in use all over Europe and across the Islamic world. This meant that people attempted to force a match between the plants they knew and those described by Dioscorides, leading to what could be catastrophic results. Each entry gives a substantial amount of detail on the plant or substance in question, concentrating on medicinal uses but giving such mention of other uses (such as culinary) and help with recognition as considered necessary. For example, on the "Mekon Agrios and Mekon Emeros", the opium poppy and related species, Dioscorides states that the seed of one is made into bread: it has "a somewhat long little head and white seed", while another "has a head bending down" and a third is "more wild, more medicinal and longer than these, with a head somewhat long — and they are all cooling." After this brief description, he moves at once into pharmacology, saying that they cause sleep; other uses are to treat inflammation and erysipela, and if boiled with honey to make a cough mixture. The account thus combines recognition, pharmacological effect, and guidance on drug preparation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42841555 |
De materia medica Its effects are summarized, accompanied by a caution: Dioscorides then describes how to tell a good from a counterfeit preparation. He mentions the recommendations of other physicians, Diagoras (according to Eristratus), Andreas, and Mnesidemus, only to dismiss them as false and not borne out by experience. He ends with a description of how the liquid is gathered from poppy plants, and lists names used for it: "chamaesyce", "mecon" "rhoeas", "oxytonon"; "papaver" to the Romans, and "wanti" to the Egyptians. As late as in the Tudor and Stuart periods in Britain, herbals often still classified plants in the same way as Dioscorides and other classical authors, not by their structure or apparent relatedness but by how they smelt and tasted, whether they were edible, and what medicinal uses they had. Only when European botanists like Matthias de l'Obel, Andrea Cesalpino and Augustus Quirinus Rivinus (Bachmann) had done their best to match plants they knew to those listed in Dioscorides did they go further and create new classification systems based on similarity of parts, whether leaves, fruits, or flowers. The book is divided into five volumes. Dioscorides organized the substances by certain similarities, such as their being aromatic, or vines; these divisions do not correspond to any modern classification. In David Sutton's view the grouping is by the type of effect on the human body. Volume I covers aromatic oils, the plants that provide them, and ointments made from them | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42841555 |
De materia medica They include what are probably cardamom, nard, valerian, cassia or senna, cinnamon, balm of Gilead, hops, mastic, turpentine, pine resin, bitumen, heather, quince, apple, peach, apricot, lemon, pear, medlar, plum and many others. Volume II covers an assortment of topics: animals including sea creatures such as sea urchin, seahorse, whelk, mussel, crab, scorpion, electric ray, viper, cuttlefish and many others; dairy produce; cereals; vegetables such as sea kale, beetroot, asparagus; and sharp herbs such as garlic, leek, onion, caper and mustard. Volume III covers roots, seeds and herbs. These include plants that may be rhubarb, gentian, liquorice, caraway, cumin, parsley, lovage, fennel and many others. Volume IV describes further roots and herbs not covered in Volume III. These include herbs that may be betony, Solomon's seal, clematis, horsetail, daffodil and many others. Volume V covers the grapevine, wine made from it, grapes and raisins; but also strong medicinal potions made by boiling many other plants including mandrake, hellebore, and various metal compounds, such as what may be zinc oxide, verdigris and iron oxide. Along with his fellow physicians of Ancient Rome, Aulus Cornelius Celsus, Galen, Hippocrates and Soranus of Ephesus, Dioscorides had a major and long-lasting effect on Arabic medicine as well as medical practice across Europe. "De materia medica" was one of the first scientific works to be translated from Greek into Arabic | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42841555 |
De materia medica It was translated first into Syriac and then into Arabic in 9th century Baghdad. Writing in "The Great Naturalists", the historian of science David Sutton describes "De materia medica" as "one of the most enduring works of natural history ever written" and that "it formed the basis for Western knowledge of medicines for the next 1,500 years." The historian of science Marie Boas writes that herbalists depended entirely on Dioscorides and Theophrastus until the sixteenth century, when they finally realized they could work on their own. She notes also that herbals by different authors, such as Leonhart Fuchs, Valerius Cordus, Lobelius, Rembert Dodoens, Carolus Clusius, John Gerard and William Turner, were dominated by Dioscorides, his influence only gradually weakening as the sixteenth century herbalists "learned to add and substitute their own observations". The historian of early science and medicine Paula Findlen, writing in the "Cambridge History of Science", calls "De materia medica" "one of the most successful and enduring herbals of antiquity, [which] emphasized the importance of understanding the natural world in light of its medicinal efficiency", in contrast to Pliny's "Natural History" (which emphasized the wonders of nature) or the natural history studies of Aristotle and Theophrastus (which emphasized the causes of natural phenomena) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42841555 |
De materia medica The historian of medicine Vivian Nutton, in "Ancient Medicine", writes that Dioscorides's "five books in Greek On Materia medica attained canonical status in Late Antiquity." The historian of science Brian Ogilvie calls Dioscorides "the greatest ancient herbalist", and "De materia medica" "the "summa" of ancient descriptive botany", observing that its success was such that few other books in his domain have survived from classical times. Further, his approach matched the Renaissance liking for detailed description, unlike the philosophical search for essential nature (as in Theophrastus's "Historia Plantarum"). A critical moment was the decision by Niccolò Leoniceno and others to use Dioscorides "as the model of the careful naturalist—and his book "De materia medica" as the model for natural history." The Dioscorides translator and editor Tess Anne Osbaldeston notes that "For almost two millennia Dioscorides was regarded as the ultimate authority on plants and medicine", and that he "achieved overwhelming commendation and approval because his writings addressed the many ills of mankind most usefully." To illustrate this, she states that "Dioscorides describes many valuable drugs including aconite, aloes, bitter apple, colchicum, henbane, and squill". The work mentions the painkillers willow (leading ultimately to aspirin, she writes), autumn crocus and opium, which however is also narcotic | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42841555 |
De materia medica Many other substances that Dioscorides describes remain in modern pharmacopoeias as "minor drugs, diluents, flavouring agents, and emollients ... [such as] ammoniacum, anise, cardamoms, catechu, cinnamon, colocynth, coriander, crocus, dill, fennel, galbanum, gentian, hemlock, hyoscyamus, lavender, linseed, mastic, male fern, marjoram, marshmallow, mezereon, mustard, myrrh, orris (iris), oak galls, olive oil, pennyroyal, pepper, peppermint, poppy, psyllium, rhubarb, rosemary, rue, saffron, sesame, squirting cucumber (elaterium), starch, stavesacre (delphinium), storax, stramonium, sugar, terebinth, thyme, white hellebore, white horehound, and couch grass — the last still used as a demulcent diuretic." She notes that medicines such as wormwood, juniper, ginger, and calamine also remain in use, while "Chinese and Indian physicians continue to use liquorice". She observes that the many drugs listed to reduce the spleen may be explained by the frequency of malaria in his time. Dioscorides lists drugs for women to cause abortion and to treat urinary tract infection; palliatives for toothache, such as colocynth, and others for intestinal pains; and treatments for skin and eye diseases. As well as these useful substances, she observes that "A few superstitious practices are recorded in "De materia medica"," such as using "Echium" as an amulet to ward off snakes, or "Polemonia" (Jacob's ladder) for scorpion stings | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42841555 |
De materia medica In the view of the historian Paula De Vos, "De materia medica" formed the core of the European pharmacopoeia until the end of the 19th century, suggesting that "the timelessness of Dioscorides' work resulted from an empirical tradition based on trial and error; that it worked for generation after generation despite social and cultural changes and changes in medical theory". At Mount Athos in northern Greece Dioscorides's text was still in use in its original Greek into the 20th century, as observed in 1934 by Sir Arthur Hill, Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: "Note: Editions may vary by both text and numbering of chapters" | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42841555 |
Pulse vaccination strategy The pulse vaccination strategy is a method used to eradicate an epidemic by repeatedly vaccinating a group at risk, over a defined age range, until the spread of the pathogen has been stopped. It is most commonly used during measles and polio epidemics to quickly stop the spread and contain the outbreak. Where T= time units is a constant fraction p of susceptible subjects vaccinated in a relatively short time. This yields the differential equations for the susceptible and vaccinated subjects as Further, by setting , one obtains that the dynamics of the susceptible subjects is given by: and that the eradication condition is: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42863440 |
Sheena Radford Sheena Elizabeth Radford FRS FMedSci is a British biophysicist, and Astbury Professor of Biophysics in the Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology at the University of Leeds. Radford was educated at the University of Birmingham, and the University of Cambridge, where she was awarded a PhD in 1987. Radford's research investigates protein folding, protein aggregation and amyloid disease. Radford was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2014; her nomination reads: Radford was elected a Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences (FMedSci) in 2010. Her nomination reads: In 1986, Radford was awarded the Colworth Medal from the Biochemical Society. Radford is a member of Faculty of 1000. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42867184 |
Heliothrix oregonensis is a phototrophic filamentous, gliding bacterium containing bacteriochlorophyll a that is aerotolerant and photoheterotrophic. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42868360 |
Desulfurobacterium thermolithotrophum is a species of autotrophic, sulphur-reducing bacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent. It is the type species of its genus, being thermophilic, anaerobic, Gram-negative, motile and rod-shaped, with type strain BSA (= DSM 11699). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42868443 |
Brian John Marples FRSNZ (31 March 1907 – 1997) was a British zoologist who spent most of his career in New Zealand. Marples was born in Hessle, Yorkshire, in north-eastern England. He was educated at Kingsmead in Cheshire, and St Bees in Cumberland before attending Exeter College at Oxford University. He graduated as a BA from Oxford in 1929, subsequently obtaining a MSc from the University of Manchester in 1931, and MA from Oxford in 1933. He married Mary (Molly) Joyce Ransford in 1931. From 1930 to 1936 Marples worked as Assistant Lecturer in Zoology at Manchester. In 1937 he went to New Zealand to become Professor of Zoology at the University of Otago, a position he served in for 30 years before retiring in 1967 to Woodstock, near Oxford in southern England. He published numerous papers on a wide variety of zoological topics, especially in the fields of ornithology, arachnology and fossil penguins. He was also a cofounder of the Ornithological Society of New Zealand. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42883156 |
Equilibrant force An equilibrant force is a force which brings a body into mechanical equilibrium. According to Newton's second law, a body has zero acceleration when the vector sum of all the forces acting upon it is zero. Therefore, an equilibrant force is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the resultant of all the other forces acting on a body. The term has been attested since the late 19th century. Suppose that two known forces are pushing an object and an unknown equilibrant force is acting to maintain that object in a fixed position. One force points to the west and has a magnitude of 10 N, and the other points to the south and has a magnitude of 8.0 N. By the Pythagorean theorem, the resultant of these two forces has a magnitude of approximately 12.8 N, which is also the magnitude of the equilibrant force. The angle of the equilibrant force can be found by trigonometry to be approximately 51 degrees north of east. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42884381 |
Simband is a research platform announced by Samsung Strategy and Innovation Center in 2014. It was announced on May 28, 2014, in San Francisco, in partnership with UCSF Digital Health Innovation Lab. is an open developer platform consisting of a watch unit running Tizen and a wristband connector that holds a custom sensor module. is designed to be modular and allow for different sensor modules to be installed. Samsung provides a reference implementation of a sensor module called Simsense that supports multiple sensors, each generating a unique data stream. In November 2014 Samsung announced two custom modules developed by third parties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42889989 |
Chloroflexales is one of two orders of bacteria in the class Chloroflexi. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42899470 |
Lake Chippewa was a prehistoric proglacial lake. The basin is now Lake Michigan. It formed about 10,600 years before present (YBP). The lake occupied the depression left by the Michigan Lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. The lake formed from glacial Lake Algonquin as water levels dropped, occupying only the deepest parts of the Lake Michigan basin. The waters drained through the Straits of Mackinac, then across Lake Stanley into either Lake Hough and then to the St. Lawrence River by way of the Ottawa River valley, or through the St. Clair and Detroit rivers to an Early Lake Erie and out the Niagara River towards the St. Lawrence. Around 10,300 YBP, Lake Chippewa’s levels continued to drop, and the basin was a self-contained body of water without an outlet. Levels returned and again flowed through the canyon at Mackinac until around 7,500 YBP. At that time, the Nipissing Great Lakes merged with the waters in the Michigan Basin and created a single lake encompassing all three of the upper Great Lakes. Somewhat smaller than Lake Michigan, extended through the most of the Michigan Basin, north to the Straits of Mackinac, where there was a narrow channel which conveyed the lake's outflow over the now submerged Mackinac Falls to Lake Stanley. Its shoreline ranged from out from the present day Lake Michigan shore. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42900160 |
Total position spread In physics, the total position-spread (TPS) tensor is a quantity originally introduced in the modern theory of electrical conductivity. In the case of molecular systems, this tensor measures the fluctuation of the electrons around their mean positions, which corresponds to the delocalization of the electronic charge within a molecular system. The total position-spread can discriminate between metals and insulators taking information from the ground state wave function. This quantity can be very useful as an indicator to characterize Intervalence charge transfer processes, the bond nature of molecules (covalent, ionic or weakly bonded), and Metal–insulator transition. The Localization Tensor (LT) is a "per electron" quantity proposed in the context of the theory of Kohn to characterize electrical conductivity properties. In 1964, Kohn realized that electrical conductivity is more related to the proper delocalization of the wave function than a simple band gap. In fact, he proposed that a qualitative difference between insulators and conductors also manifests as a different organization of the electrons in their ground state where one has that: the wave function is strongly localized in insulators and very delocalized in conductors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42906061 |
Total position spread The interesting outcome of this theory is: "i)" it relates the classical idea of localized electrons as a cause of insulating state; "ii)" the needed information can be recovered from the ground state wave function because in the insulated regime the wave function breaks down as a sum of disconnected terms. It is until 1999 that Resta and coworkers found a way to define the Kohn delocalization by proposing the already mentioned Localization Tensor. The LT is defined as a second order moment cumulant of the position operator divided by the number of electrons in the system. The key property of the LT is that: it diverges for metals while it takes finite values for insulators in the Thermodynamic limit. Recently, the global quantity (the LT not divided by the number of electrons) has been introduced to study molecules and named Total Position-Spread tensor. The total position spread Λ is defined as the second moment cumulant of the total electron position operator, and its units are in length square (e.g. bohr²). In order to compute this quantity, one has to take into account the position operator and its tensorial square. For a system of "n" electrons, the position operator and its Cartesian components are defined as: Where the "i" index runs over the number of electrons. Each component of the position operator is a one-electron operator, they can be represented in second quantization as follows: where "i","j" run over orbitals | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42906061 |
Total position spread The expectation values of the position components are the first moments of the electrons' position. Now we consider the tensorial square (second moment). In this sense, there are two types of them: The second moment of the position becomes then the sum of the one- and two-electron operators already defined: Given a "n"-electron wave function formula_10, one wants to compute the "second moment cumulant" of it. A cumulant is a linear combination of moments so we have: The position operator can be partitioned according to spin components. From the one-particle operator it is possible to define the total spin-partitioned position operator as: Therefore, the total position operator formula_14 can be expressed by the sum of the two spin parts formula_15 and formula_16: and the square of the total position operator decomposes as: Thus, there are four joint second moment cumulant of the spin-partitioned position operator: The Hubbard model is a very simple and approximate model employed in Condensed matter physics to describe the transition of materials from metals to insulators. It takes into account only two parameters: "i)" the kinetic energy or hopping integral denoted by "-t"; and "ii)" the on-site repulsion between electrons represented by "U" (see the ). In Figure 1, there are two limit cases to consider: larger values of "-t/U" representing a strong charge fluctuation (electrons free to move) whereas for small values of "-t/U" the electrons are completely localized | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42906061 |
Total position spread The spin-summed total position-spread is very sensitive to these changes, because it increases faster than linearly when electrons start to present mobility (0.0 to 0.5 range of "-t/U"). The total position-spread is a powerful tool to monitor the wave function. In Figure 3 is shown the longitudinal spin-summed total position-spread (Λ) computed at full configuration interaction level for the H diatomic molecule. The Λ in the high repulsive region shows a value that is lower than in the asymptotic limit. This is a consequence of nuclei being near to each other's causing and enhancement of the effective nuclear charge that makes electrons to be more localized. When stretching the bond, the total position-spread starts growing until it reaches a maximum (strong delocalization of the wave function) before the bond is broken. Once the bond is broken, the wave function becomes a sum of disconnected localized regions and the tensor decreases until it reaches twice the value of the atomic limit (1 bohr² for each hydrogen atom). When the total position-spread tensor is partitioned according to spin (spin-partitioned total position-spread), it becomes a powerful tool to describe spin delocalization in the insulating regime. In Figure 4 is shown the longitudinal spin-partitioned total position-spread (Λ) computed at full configuration interaction level for the H diatomic molecule | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42906061 |
Total position spread The horizontal line at 0 bohr divides the same spin (positive values) and different spin (negative values) contributions of the spin partitioned total position-spread. Unlike the spin-summed total position-spread that saturates to the atomic value for R>5, the spin-partitioned total position-spread diverges as R indicating that there is a strong spin delocalization. The spin-partitioned total position-spread can also be seen as a measure of how strong the electron correlation is. The total position-spread is a cumulant and thus it possesses the following properties: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42906061 |
Cirque du Bout du Monde A fluvial cirque is a steephead valley formed in a Karst landscape | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42922698 |
Gerald Mayr is a German palaeontologist who is Curator of Ornithology at the Senckenberg Research Institute in Frankfurt am Main, Hesse. He has published extensively on fossil birds, especially the Paleogene avifauna of Europe. He is an expert on the Eocene fauna of the Messel pit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42927096 |
Richard A. Thulborn Richard Anthony (Tony) Thulborn is a British paleontologist. He is recognized as an expert in dinosaur tracks, and as one of the most productive paleontologists of his time. In 1982, Thulborn debunked the purported plesiosaur embryos discovered by Harry Govier Seeley. Thulborn concluded that Seeley's supposed embryos were actually nodules of mudstone and shale derived from sediments that once filled in a crustacean burrow system and were not even animal body fossils. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42939592 |
NGC 988 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Cetus. It lies at a distance of 50 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that is about 75,000 light years across. Magnitude 7.1 HD 16152 is superposed 52" northwest of the center of NGC 988. The galaxy was discovered by Édouard Jean-Marie Stephan in 1879. One ultraluminous X-ray source has been detected in NGC 988. is the brightest galaxy in NGC 1052 group (which is also known as group),which also includes the elliptical galaxy NGC 1052, NGC 991, NGC 1022, NGC 1035, NGC 1042, NGC 1047, NGC 1051, NGC 1084, NGC 1110. It belongs in the same galaxy cloud as Messier 77. One supernova has been discovered in NGC 988, SN 2017gmr, a Type II supernova discovered on 4 September 2017. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42940005 |
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus (GLRaV) is a name for a group of viruses infecting grapevine in the genus "Closterovirus". Obscure mealybugs ("Pseudococcus viburni") feed on the phloem of vines and woody-stemmed plants, especially pear and apple trees and grape vines. Some individuals are vectors for infectious pathogens and can transmit them from plant to plant while feeding; mealybug-spread "grapevine leafroll associated virus type III" (GRLaV-3), in particular, has wreaked havoc among the grapes of New Zealand, reducing the crop yield of infected vineyards by up to 60%. Leafroll viruses are associated with rugose wood condition of grapevine. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42943848 |
Mega-Earth A mega-Earth is a massive terrestrial exoplanet that is at least ten times the mass of Earth. Mega-Earths are substantially more massive than super-Earths (terrestrial and ocean planets with masses around 5–10 Earths). The term "mega-Earth" was coined in 2014, when Kepler-10c was revealed to be a Neptune-mass planet with a density considerably greater than that of Earth. However, it has since been determined to be a typical volatile-rich planet. Kepler-10c was the first exoplanet to be classified as a Mega-Earth. At the time of its discovery, it was believed to be around 17 and 2.3 , giving it a high density that implied a mainly rocky composition. However, several follow-up radial velocity studies produced different results for Kepler-10c's mass, all much below the original 17 estimate. In 2017, a more careful analysis using data from multiple different telescopes and spectrographs found that Kepler-10c is more likely around 7.4 , making it a typical volatile-rich Mini-Neptune and not a Mega-Earth. K2-56b, also designated BD+20594b, is a much more likely Mega-Earth, with about 16 and 2.2 . At the time of its discovery in 2016, it had the highest chance of being rocky for a planet its size, with a posterior probability that it is dense enough to be terrestrial at about 0.43. For comparison, at the time Kepler-10c had a P of 0.1, and Kepler-131b has a P of 0.002. Kepler-145b is one of the most massive planets classified as Mega-Earths, with a mass of 37.1 and a radius of 2 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42946922 |
Mega-Earth 65 , so large that it could belong to a sub-category of Mega-Earths known as Supermassive Terrestrial Planets (SMTP). It likely has an Earth-like composition of rock and iron without any volatiles. A similar Mega-Earth, K2-66b, is about 21.3 times the mass and 2.49 times the radius of Earth, and orbits a subgiant star. Its composition appears to be mainly rock with a small iron core and a relatively thin steam atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42946922 |
NGC 4217 is an edge-on spiral galaxy which lies approximately 60 million light-years ( 18 million parsecs ) away in the constellation of Canes Venatici. It is a possible companion galaxy to M106 (also known as NGC 4258). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42953903 |
Grapevine virus A Grape vine virus A (GVA) is a plant virus and the type species in the genus "Vitivirus". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42956713 |
Grapevine virus F (GVF) is a plant virus species in the genus "Vitivirus". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42961761 |
Grapevine virus B is plant virus species in the genus "Vitivirus". It is associated with rugose wood (corky bark) symptoms in grapevine. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42961860 |
Grapevine virus D (GVB) is a plant virus species in the genus "Vitivirus", associated with rugose wood condition of grapevine. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42962039 |
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (GRLaV2) is a virus infecting grapevine in the genus "Closterovirus". It is associated with rugose wood condition of grapevine. According to Bosciai, 1995, "grapevine corky bark-associated virus" (GCBaV) is a variant of GRLaV2. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42962073 |
Nestor Ivanovich Novozhilov was a Soviet paleontologist. In 1948, Novozhilov described a pliosaur specimen discovered on the banks of Russia's Volga Riveras a new species, "Pliosaurus rossicus". The specimen, while large, was damaged during the excavation and only the skull and chest region were successfully extracted in an excavation that began in 1938 . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42963031 |
Judith Massare is a paleontologist specializing in Mesozoic marine reptile research. In 1987, Massare published an analysis of plesiosaur feeding habits. She concluded that the long-necked plesiosauroids ate soft prey. "Liopleurodon" and its relatives, on the other hand, had teeth resembling those of killer whales and probably ate larger, bonier prey. The next year, Massare analyzed Mesozoic marine reptile swimming abilities and found that long-necked plesiosaurs would have been significantly slower than pliosaurs due to excess drag incurred from their large round bodies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42963086 |
Grapevine virus E (GVE) is a plant virus species in the genus "Vitivirus". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42963240 |
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GRLaV-1) is a virus infecting grapevine in the genus "Ampelovirus". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42963391 |
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is a grapevine infecting virus in the family "Closteroviridae", genus "Ampelovirus". GLRaV-3 is an economically important virus causing Grapevine leafroll disease in grapevine worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42963431 |
Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 4 (GRLaV-4) is a virus infecting grapevine in the genus "Ampelovirus". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42963524 |
Australian grapevine viroid The (abbreviated AGV) is a type of grapevine viroid. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42963905 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.