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Grapevine yellow speckle viroid 1 is a type of viroid that infects grapevine. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42963936 |
Anhembi orthobunyavirus Anhembi orthobunyavirus, formerly simply Anhembi virus (AMBV), is a species of virus. It was initially considered a strain of Wyeomyia virus, belonging serologically to the Bunyamwera serogroup of bunyaviruses. In 2018 it was made its own species. It was isolated from the rodent - "Proechimys iheringi" - and a mosquito - "Phoniomyia pilicauda" - in São Paulo, Brazil. Until 2001 this virus has not been reported to cause disease in humans. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42972744 |
Aichivirus A The formerly Aichi virus (AiV) is a small, round, cytopathic positive sense and ssRNA virus. Originally identified after a 1989 outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in the Aichi Prefecture, probably linked to raw oyster, genetic analysis has classified it as belonging to the family Picornaviridae, genus Kobuvirus. It has since been isolated in studies of Finnish children, Pakistani children, and Japanese travelers. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42972815 |
AHL-1 cells The AHL-1 (Armenian Hamster Lung-1) cell line is derived from the lung of a normal, adult, male Armenian hamster, Cricetulus migratorius, and used for pulmonary physiology research. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42972878 |
Agua Preta virus Água Preta virus is an unaccepted species of virus, suggested to belong to the order "Herpesvirales" and family "Herpesviridae", as determined by thin-section electron microscopy. It was isolated from the gray short-tailed bat, "Carollia subrufa", in the Utinga Forest near Belém, Brazil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42972900 |
Gottorfer Codex The (German) or det gottorpske kodeks (Danish) is a four volume work commissioned by Frederick III, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp between 1649 and 1659 to depict the wide assortment of plants that grew in the ducal gardens at Gottorf Castle ("Gottorp") in the duchy of Schleswig. The work's 365 illustrated pages depict 1,180 plants painted in gouache on veal parchment by Hans Simon Holtzbecker from Hamburg. The number of illustrations per page range from one to ten. Work on the codex stopped after the death of Duke Frederick III in 1659. The codex has been the property of the Danish state since the Great Northern War (1700-1721) when Gottorf Castle and the duke's portion of the duchy of Schleswig were annexed to the Danish crown. The codex is currently owned by "Royal Collection of Graphic Art", a part of the National Gallery of Denmark. In 2009, a digital version of the codex was created by the National Gallery of Denmark with financial support by the "Foundation of State Museums in Schleswig-Holstein". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=42989890 |
Chloroflexus aggregans is a thermophilic, filamentous, phototrophic bacterium that forms dense cell aggregates. Its type strain is strain MD-66 (= DSM 9485). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43009841 |
Weddell Polynya The Weddell Polynya, or Weddell Sea Polynya, is a polynya or irregular area of open water surrounded by sea ice in the Weddell Sea of the Southern Ocean off Antarctica and near the Maud Rise. The size of New Zealand, it re-occurred each winter between 1974 and 1976. These were the first three austral winters observed by the Nimbus-5 Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR). From 1976 to 2015 this polynya was rarely observed. The polynya reoccurred in 2016, and has since appeared in 2017. The 2010s occurrence has been smaller than the 1970s occurrence, being about the size of Maine in 2017, or roughly . Since the 1970s, the polar Southern Ocean south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current has freshened and stratified, likely a result of anthropogenic climate change. Such stratification may be responsible for suppressing the return of the Weddell Sea polynya. More recently, it was found that intense cyclones occurring over the ice pack, far south from the ice edge, were at the origin of the reoccurrence of the Weddell or Maud Rise Polynya in austral winter 2017. In certain winter months, the general atmospheric circulation around Antarctica exhibits a strong zonal wave 3 pattern which favor the development of polar cyclones closer to the coast i.e. over preconditioned oceanographic areas for polynya formation such as the in the Lazarev Sea and the Cosmonaut polynya in the Cosmonaut Sea around Antarctica | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43030120 |
Weddell Polynya The presence of polynyas in McMurdo Sound provides an ice-free area where penguins can feed, so is important for the survival of the Cape Royds penguin colony. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43030120 |
Opitutus terrae is an obligately anaerobic (cannot grow in the presence of oxygen) bacterium first isolated from rice paddy soil, hence its epithet. It is coccus-shaped and is motile by means of a flagellum. Its type strain is PB90-1 (= DSM 11246). Its genome has been sequenced. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43072081 |
Deferribacter desulfuricans is a species of sulfur-, nitrate- and arsenate-reducing thermophile first isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent. It is an anaerobic, heterotrophic thermophile with type strain SSM1 (=JCM 11476 =DSM 14783). "Deferribacter desulfuricans" genome contains 2,23 Mbp with 2,184 protein coding genes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43072109 |
Genoeconomics is a field of protoscience that combines molecular genetics and economics. is based on the idea that a person's financial behavior could be traced to their DNA and that genes are related to economic behavior. As of 2015, the results have been inconclusive. Some minor correlations have been identified. "Nature" published an online article written in 2012 about the various reactions on the subject. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43102134 |
Richard E. Cutkosky (29 July 1928 – 17 June 1993) was a physicist, best known for the Cutkosky cutting rules in quantum field theory, which give a simple way to calculate the discontinuity of the scattering amplitude by Feynman diagrams. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43123332 |
Regional Atmospheric Modeling System The (RAMS) is a set of computer programs that simulate the atmosphere for weather and climate research and for numerical weather prediction (NWP). Other components include a data analysis and a visualization package. RAMS was developed in the 1980s at Colorado State University (CSU), spearheaded by William R. Cotton and Roger A. Pielke, for mesoscale meteorological modeling. Subsequent development is primarily done by Robert L. Walko and Craig J. Tremback under the supervision of Cotton and Pielke. It is a comprehensive non-hydrostatic model. It is written primarily in Fortran with some C code and it runs best under the Unix operating system. Version 6 was released in 2009. RAMS is the basis for a system simulating the Martian atmosphere that is named MRAMS. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43130739 |
Snellius Expedition The was an oceanography expedition organized by the Dutch with emphasis on the fields of geology and oceanography in the waters of eastern Indonesia. This expedition is famous as the largest oceanological expedition ever undertaken in these waters. The expedition was conducted by the Dutch navy ship, named HNMS Willebrord Snell, named after the Dutch mathematician, Willebrord Snell. The expedition was led by Dr. P.M. van Riel and the sea voyage led by Lieutenant F. Pinke. This study took place from July 27, 1929 until 25 November 1930. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43132365 |
Azinamine An azinamine is a theoretical chemical compound in which azide functional groups (–N) are attached to nitrogen. The simple ones based on ammonia are unknown, but would be HN–N, HN(N) and N(N). The last would be a high-energy allotrope of nitrogen (N). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43136758 |
NGC 2441 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the northern constellation of Camelopardalis. A Type 1a supernova, SN1995E, occurred in NGC 2441, and observations suggest it may display a light echo, where light from the supernova is reflected from matter along our line of sight, making it appear to "echo" outwards from the source. The diameter of the galaxy is about 130,000 light-years. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43143255 |
Actinide chemistry (or actinoid chemistry) is one of the main branches of nuclear chemistry that investigates the processes and molecular systems of the actinides. The actinides derive their name from the group 3 element actinium. The informal chemical symbol An is used in general discussions of actinide chemistry to refer to any actinide. All but one of the actinides are f-block elements, corresponding to the filling of the 5f electron shell; lawrencium, a d-block element, is also generally considered an actinide. In comparison with the lanthanides, also mostly f-block elements, the actinides show much more variable valence. The actinide series encompasses the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers from 89 to 103, actinium through lawrencium. In contrast to the relatively early flowering of organotransition-metal chemistry (1955 to the present), the corresponding development of actinide organometallic chemistry has taken place largely within the past 15 or so years. During this period, 5f organometallic science has blossomed, and it is now apparent that the actinides have a rich, intricate, and highly informative organometallic chemistry. Intriguing parallels to and sharp differences from the d-block elements have emerged. Actinides can coordinate the organic active groups or bind to carbon by the covalent bonds | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43180070 |
Actinide chemistry The necessity of obtaining accurate thermodynamic quantities for the actinide elements and their compounds was recognized at the outset of the Manhattan Project, when a dedicated team of scientists and engineers initiated the program to exploit nuclear energy for military purposes. Since the end of World War II, both fundamental and applied objectives have motivated a great deal of further study of actinide thermodynamics. The possibility of using unique properties of lanthanides in the nanotechnology is demonstrated. The origination of linear and nonlinear optical properties of lanthanide compounds with phthalocyanines, porphyrins, naphthalocyanines, and their analogs in solutions and condensed state and the prospects of obtaining novel materials on their basis are discussed. Based on the electronic structure and properties of lanthanides and their compounds, namely, optical and magnetic characteristics, electronic and ionic conductivity, and fluctuating valence, molecular engines are classified. High-speed storage engines or memory storage engines; photoconversion molecular engines based on Ln(II) and Ln(III); electrochemical molecular engines involving silicate and phosphate glasses; molecular engines whose operation is based on insulator – semiconductor, semiconductor – metal, and metal – superconductor types of conductivity phase transitions; solid electrolyte molecular engines; and miniaturized molecular engines for medical analysis are distinguished | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43180070 |
Actinide chemistry It is shown that thermodynamically stable nanoparticles of LnM composition can be formed by d elements of the second halves of the series, i.e., those arranged after M = Mn, Tc, and Re. Generally, ingested insoluble actinide compounds such as high-fired uranium dioxide and mixed oxide (MOX) fuel will pass through the digestive system with little effect since they cannot dissolve and be absorbed by the body. Inhaled actinide compounds, however, will be more damaging as they remain in the lungs and irradiate the lung tissue. Ingested Low-fired oxides and soluble salts such as nitrate can be absorbed into the blood stream. If they are inhaled then it is possible for the solid to dissolve and leave the lungs. Hence the dose to the lungs will be lower for the soluble form. Radon and radium are not actinides—they are both radioactive daughters from the decay of uranium. Aspects of their biology and environmental behaviour is discussed at radium in the environment. In India, a large amount of thorium ore can be found in the form of monazite in placer deposits of the Western and Eastern coastal dune sands, particularly in the Tamil Nadu coastal areas. The residents of this area are exposed to a naturally occurring radiation dose ten times higher than the worldwide average. Thorium has been linked to liver cancer. In the past thoria (thorium dioxide) was used as a contrast agent for medical X-ray radiography but its use has been discontinued. It was sold under the name Thorotrast | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43180070 |
Actinide chemistry Uranium is about as abundant as arsenic or molybdenum. Significant concentrations of uranium occur in some substances such as phosphate rock deposits, and minerals such as lignite, and monazite sands in uranium-rich ores (it is recovered commercially from these sources). Seawater contains about 3.3 parts per billion of uranium by weight as uranium(VI) forms soluble carbonate complexes. The extraction of uranium from seawater has been considered as a means of obtaining the element. Because of the very low specific activity of uranium the chemical effects of it upon living things can often outweigh the effects of its radioactivity. Plutonium, like other actinides, readily forms a plutonium dioxide ("plutonyl") core (PuO). In the environment, this plutonyl core readily complexes with carbonate as well as other oxygen moieties (OH, , , and ) to form charged complexes which can be readily mobile with low affinities to soil. Some early evidence for nuclear fission was the formation of a short-lived radioisotope of barium which was isolated from neutron irradiated uranium (Ba, with a half-life of 83 minutes and Ba, with a half-life of 12.8 days, are major fission products of uranium). At the time, it was thought that this was a new radium isotope, as it was then standard radiochemical practice to use a barium sulfate carrier precipitate to assist in the isolation of radium | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43180070 |
Actinide chemistry The PUREX process is a liquid-liquid extraction ion-exchange method used to reprocess spent nuclear fuel, in order to extract primarily uranium and plutonium, independent of each other, from the other constituents. The current method of choice is to use the PUREX liquid-liquid extraction process which uses a tributyl phosphate/hydrocarbon mixture to extract both uranium and plutonium from nitric acid. This extraction is of the nitrate salts and is classed as being of a solvation mechanism. For example, the extraction of plutonium by an extraction agent (S) in a nitrate medium occurs by the following reaction. A complex bond is formed between the metal cation, the nitrates and the tributyl phosphate, and a model compound of a dioxouranium(VI) complex with two nitrates and two triethyl phosphates has been characterised by X-ray crystallography. After the dissolution step it is normal to remove the fine insoluble solids, because otherwise they will disturb the solvent extraction process by altering the liquid-liquid interface. It is known that the presence of a fine solid can stabilize an emulsion. Emulsions are often referred to as third phases in the solvent extraction community. An organic solvent composed of 30% tributyl phosphate (TBP) in a hydrocarbon solvent, such as kerosene, is used to extract the uranium as UO(NO)·2TBP complexes, and plutonium as similar complexes, from other fission products, which remain in the aqueous phase | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43180070 |
Actinide chemistry The transuranium elements americium and curium also remain in the aqueous phase. The nature of the organic soluble uranium complex has been the subject of some research. A series of complexes of uranium with nitrate and trialkyl phosphates and phosphine oxides have been characterized. Plutonium is separated from uranium by treating the kerosene solution with aqueous ferrous sulphamate, which selectively reduces the plutonium to the +3 oxidation state. The plutonium passes into the aqueous phase. The uranium is stripped from the kerosene solution by back-extraction into nitric acid at a concentration of ca. . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43180070 |
Ilyobacter delafieldii is a motile, gram-negative, obligately anaerobic rod-shaped bacteria, with type strain 10cr1 (=DSM 5704). It is notable for metabolising beta-Hydroxybutyric acid. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43182632 |
Akhouri Sinha is a professor in the Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development at the University of Minnesota. The United States has named a mountain in Antarctica in honour of Sinha, Mt Sinha. Mr Sinha's native place is Churamanpur, a village in the state of Bihar in the eastern part of India. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43198295 |
Cyclovirus The viral genus is a genus in the family Circoviridae. Viruses in this genus have been isolated from dragonflies, as well as chickens, goats, sheep, and other farm animals. Cycloviruses have also been found in the feces of healthy humans and chimpanzees and in samples of cerebrospinal fluid from patients with unexplained paraplegia. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43237510 |
Physics education research <noinclude> (PER) is a form of discipline-based education research specifically related to the study of the teaching and learning of physics, often with the aim of improving the effectiveness of student learning. Approximately eighty-five institutions in the United States conduct research in science and physics education. One primary goal of PER is to develop pedagogical techniques and strategies that will help students learn physics more effectively and help instructors to implement these techniques. Because even basic ideas in physics can be confusing, together with the possibility of scientific misconceptions formed from teaching through analogies, lecturing often does not erase common misconceptions about physics that students acquire before they are taught physics. Research often focuses on learning more about common misconceptions that students bring to the physics classroom so that techniques can be devised to help students overcome these misconceptions. In most introductory physics courses, mechanics is usually the first area of physics that is taught. Newton's laws of motion about interactions between forces and objects are central to the study of mechanics. Many students hold the Aristotelian misconception that a net force is required to keep a body moving; instead, motion is modeled in modern physics with Newton's first law of inertia, stating that a body will keep its state of rest or movement unless a net force acts on the body | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43239622 |
Physics education research Like students who hold this misconception, Newton arrived at his three laws of motion through empirical analysis, although he did it with an extensive study of data that included astronomical observations. Students can erase such as misconception in a nearly frictionless environment, where they find that objects move at an almost constant velocity without a constant force. The broad goal of the PER community is to understand the processes involved in the teaching and learning of physics through rigorous scientific investigation. According to the University of Washington PER group, one of the pioneers in the field, work within PER tends to fall within one or more of several broad descriptions, including: "An Introduction to Physics Education Research", by Robert Beichner, identifies eight trends in PER: papers in the United States are primarily issued among four publishing venues. Papers submitted to the "American Journal of Physics: Physics Education Research Section (PERS)" are mostly to consumers of physics education research. The "Journal of the Learning Sciences" (JLS) publishes papers that regard real-life or non-laboratory environments, often in the context of technology, and are about learning, not teaching. Meanwhile, papers at "" (PRST:PER) are aimed at those for whom research is conducted on PER rather than to consumers. The audience for "Physics Education Research Conference Proceedings" (PERC) is designed for a mix of consumers and researchers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43239622 |
Physics education research The latter provides a snapshot of the field and as such is open to preliminary results and research in progress, as well as papers that would simply be thought-provoking to the PER community. Other journals include "Physics Education" (UK), the "European Journal of Physics" (UK), and "The Physics Teacher". Leon Hsu and others published an article about publishing and refereeing papers in physics education research in 2007. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43239622 |
Deinococcus indicus is a species of arsenic-resistant bacterium. It is Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile, non-sporulating and red-pigmented, with type strain Wt/1a (=MTCC 4913 =DSM 15307). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43241407 |
Theodorus Willem van Lidth de Jeude (1 February 1853 – 29 May 1937) was a Dutch zoologist and herpetologist. He is not to be confused with his grandfather's brother, the Dutch veterinarian and zoologist Theodoor Gerard van Lidth de Jeude (1788–1863). T.W. van Lidth de Jeude was born on 1 February 1853 in Helmond, about 15 km east of Eindhoven. He attended the University of Utrecht where his grandfather, T.G. van Lidth de Jeude, taught zoology and veterinary science. Theorodus Willem received his Ph.D. in 1882 for a thesis on coleopteran larvae. Between 1882 and 1884 he studied fishes in Naples and at Kralingen (near Rotterdam). In 1884, he became curator of Lower Vertebrates at the Rijksmuseum in Leiden. He retired from his curatorship in 1923 but kept working at the museum until 1931. T.W. von Lidth de Jeude died in Leiden on 29 May 1937. Lidth de Jeude described many species, e.g. 23 species of reptiles that are still recognized today, including | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43242069 |
Ash Hollow Formation The of the Ogallala Group is a geological formation found in Nebraska and South Dakota. It preserves fossils dating back to the Neogene period. It was named after Ash Hollow, Nebraska and can be seen in Ash Hollow State Historical Park. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43248028 |
No Place to Hide (Bradley book) No Place to Hide is a 1948 book by American writer David J. Bradley published by Little, Brown and Company. The book is a Harvard Medical School graduate's autobiographical tale of his work in the Radiological Safety Section in the Pacific in the aftermath of the Bikini atomic bomb tests, Operation Crossroads. The book alerted the world to the dangers of radioactive fallout from nuclear weapon explosions. The book was marketed for Bantam by Judith Merril, who found Bradley's prose "a man's book with little appeal for women", leading her to later write her own nuclear war story "Shadow on the Hearth" from the homemaker's perspective. Bradley toured lecturing on the dangers of fallout, including a 1950 lecture at Ford Hall Forum. The book was reissued with an epilogue in 1984. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43266598 |
Deinococcus apachensis is a species of bacteria in the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus. Strains of this species were isolated from soil samples from Arizona after exposure to more than 15 kGy of radiation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43298439 |
Céline Allewaert is a Belgian spongiologist who works at Ghent University. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43299910 |
Ladoga Lacus is a geographical feature on Saturn's largest moon, Titan, named after Lake Ladoga, Russia. It is one of a number of "methane lakes" found in Titan's north polar region. The lake, detected in 2004 by the "Cassini" space probe, is composed of liquid ethane and methane. It is 110 kilometers along its longest dimension and is located at on Titan's globe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43312624 |
Biospeleology Biospeleology, also known as cave biology, is a branch of biology dedicated to the study of organisms that live in caves and are collectively referred to as troglofauna. The first documented mention of a cave organisms dates back to 1689, with the documentation of the olm, a cave salamander. Discovered in a cave in Slovenia, in the region of Carniola, it was mistaken for a baby dragon and was recorded by Johann Weikhard von Valvasor in his work "The Glory of the Duchy of Carniola". The first formal study on cave organisms was conducted on the blind cave beetle. Found in 1831 by Luka Čeč, an assistant to the lamplighter, when exploring the newly discovered inner portions of the Postojna cave system in southwestern Slovenia. The specimen was turned over to Ferdinand J. Schmidt, who described it in the paper "Illyrisches Blatt" (1832). He named it "Leptodirus Hochenwartii" after the donor, and also gave it the Slovene name "drobnovratnik" and the German name "Enghalskäfer", both meaning "slender-necked (beetle)". The article represents the first formal description of a cave animal (the olm, described in 1768, wasn't recognized as a cave animal at the time). Subsequent research by Schmidt revealed further previously unknown cave inhabitants, which aroused considerable interest among natural historians. For this reason, the discovery of "L. hochenwartii" (along with the olm) is considered as the starting point of biospeleology as a scientific discipline | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43317198 |
Biospeleology was formalized as a science in 1907 by Emil Racoviţă with his seminal work "Essai sur les problèmes biospéologiques" ("Essay on biospeleological problems"). Cave organisms fall into three basic classes: Troglobites are obligatory "cavernicoles", specialized for cave life. Some can leave caves for short periods, and may complete parts of their life cycles above ground, but cannot live their entire lives outside of a cave environment. Examples include chemotrophic bacteria, some species of flatworms, springtails, and cavefish. Troglophiles can live part or all of their lives in caves, but can also complete a life cycle in appropriate environments on the surface. Examples include cave crickets, bats, millipedes, pseudoscorpions and spiders. Trogloxenes frequent caves, and may require caves for a portion of its life cycle, but must return to the surface (or a "parahypogean" zone) for at least some portion of its life. Oilbirds and most Daddy longlegs are trogloxenes. Cave environments fall into three general categories: Endogean environments are the parts of caves that are in communication with surface soils through cracks and rock seams, groundwater seepage, and root protrusion. Parahypogean environments are the threshold regions near cave mouths that extend to the last penetration of sunlight. Hypogean or "true" cave environments. These can be in regular contact with the surface via wind and underground rivers, or the migration of animals, or can be almost entirely isolated | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43317198 |
Biospeleology Deep hypogean environments can host autonomous ecologies whose primary source of energy is not sunlight, but chemical energy liberated from limestone and other minerals by chemoautotrophic bacteria. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43317198 |
Microbead (research) Microbeads are uniform polymer particles, typically 0.5 to 500 micrometres in diameter. Bio-reactive molecules can be absorbed or coupled to their surface, and used to separate biological materials such as cells, proteins, or nucleic acids. Microbeads have been used for isolation and handling of specific material or molecules, as well as for analyzing sensitive molecules, or those that are in low abundance, e.g. in miniaturized and automated settings. Microbeads were created when John Ugelstad managed to form polystyrene beads of the same spherical sizes at the University of Trondheim, Norway in 1976. He created superparamagnetic microbeads (Dynabeads), which exhibit magnetic properties when placed in a magnetic field. When they are removed from the magnetic field, there is no residual magnetism, which led to the development of magnetic separation technology. Other processes such as centrifugation, filtration, columns or precipitation, are not needed. Microbeads display a large surface area per volume. This together with uniformity of size and shape provides for very good accessibility and fast liquid-phase reaction kinetics, and rapid and efficient binding. Black polyethylene microspheres can have magnetic or conductive functionality, and have uses in electronic devices, EMI shielding and microscopy techniques | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43318261 |
Microbead (research) Fluorescent polyethylene microspheres are commonly used to run blind tests on laboratory and industrial processes, in order to develop proper methods and minimize cross-contamination of equipment and materials. Microspheres that appear to be invisible in the daylight can be illuminated to display a bright fluorescent response under UV light. Colored polyethylene microspheres are used for fluid flow visualization to enable observation and characterization of flow of particles in a device or be used as visible markers in microscopy and biotechnology. Microbeads serve as the main tool for bio-magnetic separations. A range of patented processes and applications have been developed based on the use of microbeads in academic and industrial research. Microbeads are pre-coupled with a ligand; a biomolecule such as antibody, streptavidin, protein, antigen, DNA/RNA or other molecule. There are three steps involved in the magnetic separation process: Microbeads are used for cell isolation and cell expansion. Proteins and protein complexes can be separated, e.g. in immunoprecipitation protocols. Molecular studies and diagnostics also benefit from microbeads (e.g. immunoassay IVD and nucleic acid IVD). When microbeads are coupled with streptavidin, they offer a very efficient way to isolate any biotinylated molecule. This is frequently used in DNA/RNA binding protein studies, sequencing, and to prepare single stranded templates | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43318261 |
Microbead (research) Gene expression analysis also benefits from microbeads, such as isolating mRNA for transcriptional analysis. There are many uses for microbeads, mostly for biotechnology and biomedical research. Microbeads and magnetic separation technology have enabled a range of innovative methods to benefit research on disease prevention, medicine, and other fields to improve the human condition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43318261 |
Ammonium cyanate is an inorganic compound with the formula NHOCN. It is a colorless solid. The structure of this salt was verified by X-ray crystallography. The respective C−O and C−N distances are 1.174(8) and 1.192(7) Å, consistent with the O=C=N description. NH forms hydrogen bonds to N, but not O. The compound is notable as the precursor in the Wöhler synthesis of urea, an organic compound, from inorganic reactants.This led to the discarding of the Vital force theory, suggested earlier by Berzelius.<chem>{NH4(OCN)} -> {(NH2)2CO}</chem> | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43325753 |
Gerhard Krohn Rollefson (1900-1955) was a professor of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley and a recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship. Rollefson was born in Grand Forks, North Dakota. He received his bachelor's and master's degrees from the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He then completed his Ph.D. at the University of California, Berkeley. He was a specialist in physical chemistry and did studies on x-rays. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43330204 |
Ionel Haiduc (born 9 May 1937 in Cluj) is a Romanian chemist who was elected to the Romanian Academy and Academy of Sciences of Moldova. He was the President of the Romanian Academy between 2006 and 2014. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43336224 |
Bullet Group The (SL2S J08544-0121) is a newly merging group of galaxies, a merger between two galaxy groups to form a new larger one, that recently had a high speed collision between the two component groups. The group exhibits separation between its dark matter and baryonic matter components, and the galaxies occurring in two clumps, while the gas expanding into a billowing cloud encompassing all three clumps. As of 2014, it is one of the few galaxy clusters known to show separation between the dark matter and baryonic matter components. The group is named after the Bullet Cluster, a similar merging galaxy cluster, except on a smaller scale, being of groups instead of clusters. The bimodal distribution of galaxies was found at discovery in 2008. The galaxy group is a gravitational lens and strongly lenses a more distant galaxy behind it, at z=~1.2 As of 2014, the group is the smallest mass object to exhibit separation between its dark matter and baryonic matter components. The galaxy group is dominated by one elliptical galaxy, situated in one of the two concentrations, while the other node has two large bright galaxies, which do not dominate the group. The group has an apparent radius of 200 arcseconds, and a virial radius of 1 megaparsec. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43341230 |
Southern celestial hemisphere The southern celestial hemisphere, also called the Southern Sky, is the southern half of the celestial sphere; that is, it lies south of the celestial equator. This arbitrary sphere, on which seemingly fixed stars form constellations, appears to rotate westward around a polar axis due to Earth's rotation. At any given time, the entire Southern Sky is visible from the geographic South Pole, while less of this hemisphere is visible the further north the observer is located. The northern counterpart is the northern celestial hemisphere. In the context of astronomical discussions or writing about celestial mapping, it may also simply then be referred to as the Southern Hemisphere. For the purpose of celestial mapping, the sky is considered by astronomers as the inside of a sphere divided in two halves by the celestial equator. The Southern Sky or Southern Hemisphere is, therefore, that half of the celestial sphere that is south of the celestial equator. Even if this one is the ideal projection of the terrestrial equatorial onto the imaginary celestial sphere, the Northern and Southern celestial hemispheres must not be confused with descriptions of the terrestrial hemispheres of Earth itself. From the South Pole, in good visibility conditions, the Southern Sky features over 2,000 fixed stars that are easily visible to the naked eye, while about 20,000 to 40,000 with the aided eye. In large cities, about 300 to 500 stars can be seen depending on the extent of light and air pollution | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43344021 |
Southern celestial hemisphere The farther north, the fewer are visible to the observer. The brightest stars are all larger than the Sun. Sirius in the constellation of Canis Major has the brightest apparent magnitude of –1.46; it has a radius twice that of the Sun and is 8.6 light-years away. Canopus and the next fixed star Toliman (α Centauri), 4.2 light-years away, are also located in the Southern Sky, having declinations around –60° – too close to the south celestial pole that neither are visible from Central Europe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43344021 |
Warren Keith Sinclair (9 March 1924 – 14 May 2014) was an international expert in radiation protection, science and medicine. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43352498 |
Vanishing Sun model The vanishing Sun model is a thought experiment in physics which imagines the physical consequences to the light and gravity if the Sun were to disappear. In these models, the Earth is the primary subject, and the light and the Sun's gravitational attraction are the primary focus. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43359283 |
NGC 3501 is a spiral galaxy 80 million light years away. It is located in the constellation Leo. The galaxy was imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope in 2014, showing an edge-on spiral galaxy; its companion NGC 3507 is not included in the photograph. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43362377 |
Isentropic analysis in meteorology is a technique to find the vertical and horizontal motion of airmasses during an adiabatic process above the planetary boundary layer. The change of state of air parcels following isentropic surfaces does not involve exchange of heat with the environment. Such an analysis can also evaluate the airmass stability in the vertical dimension and whether an air parcel crossing such a surface will result in convective or stratiform clouds. It is based on the study of weather maps or vertical cross-sections of the potential temperature values in the troposphere. On a synoptic scale, isentropic analysis is associated with weather fronts: warm fronts are found where the wind crosses lines of a chosen potential temperature from lower heights to higher ones, while cold fronts are where the wind crosses descending heights. Synoptic clouds and precipitations can thus be better found with these areas of advection than with conventional isobaric maps. From a mesoscale point of view, an air parcel moving vertically will cross isolines of potential temperature and it will be unstable if the value of those lines decrease with altitude, or stable if they increase. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43364518 |
MACS J0416.1-2403 is a cluster of galaxies at a redshift of z=0.397 with a mass 160 trillion times the mass of the Sun inside . Its mass out to a radius of was measured as 1.15 × 10 solar masses. The system was discovered during the Massive Cluster Survey, MACS. This cluster causes gravitational lensing of distant galaxies producing multiple images. In 2015, the galaxy cluster was announced as gravitationally lensing the most distant galaxy ("z" = 12). Based on the distribution of the multiple image copies, scientists have been able to deduce and map the distribution of dark matter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43390067 |
CrAssphage crAssphage (cross-assembly phage) is a bacteriophage (virus that infects bacteria) that was discovered in 2014 by computational analysis of publicly accessible scientific data on human faecal metagenomes. Its circular DNA genome is around 97 kbp in size and contains 80 predicted open reading frames, and the sequence is commonly found in human faecal samples. At its time of discovery, the virus was predicted to infect bacteria of the phylum "Bacteroidetes" that are common in the intestinal tract of many animals including humans. Since then, the bacteriophage has been isolated "in vitro" and confirmed to infect "Bacteroides intestinalis". Based on analysis of metagenomics data, crAssphage sequences have been identified in about half of all sampled humans. The virus was named after the crAss (cross-assembly) software that was used to find the viral genome. is possibly the first organism to be named after a computer program for promotional purposes. While crAssphage did not have any known relatives when it was discovered in 2014, a range of related viruses were discovered in 2017. Based on a screen of related sequences in public nucleotide databases and phylogenetic analysis, it was concluded that crAssphage may be part of an expansive bacteriophage family ("Podoviridae", order "Caudovirales") that is found in a range of environments including human gut and feces, termite gut , terrestrial/groundwater environments, soda lake (hypersaline brine), marine sediment, and plant root environments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43397445 |
CrAssphage There is no indication that crAssphage is involved in human health or disease. The virus may outperform indicator bacteria as a marker for human faecal contamination. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43397445 |
Amal Amin (born 1929) is an Egyptian botanist. She participated in naming the following plants: The species Launaea amal-aminiae is named after her. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43413389 |
Joel Dudley is currently Associate Professor of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and founding Director of the Institute for Next Generation Healthcare at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. In March, 2018 Dr. Dudley was named Executive Vice President for Precision Health for the Mount Sinai Health System (MSHS). In 2017 he was awarded an Endowed Professorship by Mount Sinai in Biomedical Data Science. Prior to Mount Sinai, he held positions as Co-founder and Director of Informatics at NuMedii, Inc. and Consulting Professor of Systems Medicine in the Department of Pediatrics at Stanford University School of Medicine. His work is focused at the nexus of -omics, digital health, artificial intelligence (AI), scientific wellness, and healthcare delivery. His work has been featured in the Wall Street Journal, Scientific American, MIT Technology Review, CNBC, and other popular media outlets. He was named in 2014 as one of the 100 most creative people in business by Fast Company magazine. He is co-author of the book Exploring Personal Genomics from Oxford University Press. Dr. Dudley received a BS in Microbiology from Arizona State University and an MS and PhD in Biomedical Informatics from Stanford University School of Medicine. Google Scholar Citations https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=206DEM0AAAAJ | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43422362 |
Austin Glen Member The of the Normanskill Formation is an upper Middle Ordovician unit of interbedded greywackes and shales that outcrops in eastern New York State. It was deposited in a deep marine setting in a foreland basin during the Taconic orogeny. Its sediment source was mainly the erosion of preexisting sedimentary rocks. Graptolite fossils place it in the stratigraphic zones of "Nematograptus gracilis" and "Climacograptus bicornis", but its age could be Llandeilo or Trentonian (earliest to latest Darriwilian, ). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43439296 |
LT50 is the median Lethal Time (time until death) after exposure of an organism to a toxic substance or stressful condition. is commonly used in toxicology studies to quantify amount of a stressor necessary to kill an organism. can be used in conjunction with EC50 (median Exposure Concentration) for even more precise quantification. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43449310 |
NGC 4790 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation of Virgo. It was discovered on 25 March 1786 by William Herschel. In 2012, a possible supernova, SN 2012au, was detected in the galaxy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43456762 |
Membrane theory of shells The membrane theory of shells, or membrane theory for short, describes the mechanical properties of shells when twisting and bending moments are small enough to be negligible. The spectacular simplification of membrane theory makes possible the examination of a wide variety of shapes and supports, in particular, tanks and shell roofs. There are heavy penalties paid for this simplification, and such inadequacies are apparent through critical inspection, remaining within the theory, of solutions. However, this theory is more than a first approximation. If a shell is shaped and supported so as to carry the load within a membrane stress system it may be a desirable solution to the design problem, i.e., thin, light and stiff. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43457615 |
Dollar (reactivity) A dollar is a unit of reactivity for a nuclear reactor, calibrated to the interval between the conditions of delayed criticality and prompt criticality. One dollar is defined to be the threshold of slow criticality, which means a steady reaction rate. Two dollars is defined to be the threshold of prompt criticality, which means a nuclear excursion or explosion. A cent is of a dollar. Each nuclear fission produces several neutrons that can be absorbed, escape from the reactor, or go on to cause more fissions in a chain reaction. When an average of one neutron from each fission goes on to cause another fission, the reactor is just barely "critical" and the chain reaction proceeds at a constant power level. Most neutrons produced in fission are "prompt", i.e., created with the fission products in less than about 10 nanoseconds (a "shake" of time). But certain fission products produce additional neutrons when they decay up to several minutes after their creation by fission. These delayed-release neutrons, a few percent of the total, are key to stable nuclear reactor control. Without delayed neutrons, in a reactor that was just barely above critical, reactor power would increase exponentially on millisecond or even microsecond timescales – much too fast to be controlled. Such a rapid power increase can also happen in a real reactor when the chain reaction is sustained without the help of the delayed neutrons | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43474327 |
Dollar (reactivity) This is prompt criticality, the most extreme example of which is an exploding nuclear weapon where considerable design effort goes into keeping the core deep into prompt criticality for as long as possible until the greatest attainable percentage of material has fissioned. By definition, a reactivity of one dollar is just barely on the edge of criticality using both prompt and delayed neutrons. A reactivity less than one dollar is subcritical; if not already one, the power level will decrease exponentially and a sustained chain reaction will not occur. Two dollars is defined as the threshold between delayed and prompt criticality. At prompt criticality, on average each prompt neutron will cause exactly one additional fission, and the delayed neutrons will then increase power. Any reactivity above $1 is supercritical and power will increase exponentially, but between $1 and $2 the power rise will be slow enough to be easily and safely controlled with mechanical control rods because the chain reaction partly depends on the delayed neutrons. A power reactor operating at steady state (constant power) will therefore have an average reactivity of $1, with small fluctuations above and below this value. Reactivity can also be expressed in relative terms, such as "5 cents above prompt critical" | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43474327 |
Dollar (reactivity) While power reactors are carefully designed and operated to avoid prompt criticality under all circumstances, many small research or "zero power" reactors are designed to be intentionally placed into prompt criticality (reactivity > $2) with complete safety by rapidly withdrawing their control rods. Their fuel elements are designed so that as they heat up, reactivity is automatically and quickly reduced through effects such as doppler broadening and thermal expansion. Such reactors can be "pulsed" to very high power levels (e.g., several GW) for a few milliseconds, after which reactivity automatically drops to $1 and a relatively low and constant power level (e.g. several hundred kW) is maintained until shut down manually by reinserting the control rods. According to Alvin Weinberg and Eugene Wigner, Louis Slotin was the first to propose the name "dollar" for the interval of reactivity between barely critical and prompt criticality, and "cents" for the decimal fraction of the dollar. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43474327 |
B. Mario Pinto Dr. is a Canadian chemical biologist, academic and the former President of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). Prior to his appointment at NSERC, Pinto served as a chemistry professor and as the Vice-President of Research at Simon Fraser University. He is a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada, Chemical Institute of Canada and the American Chemical Society. He resigned as president of NSERC on September 21, 2018. He was appointed Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research) of Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia, on October 3, 2019, to commence in February 2020. Pinto received his undergraduate degree and doctorate from Queen's University in Ontario. He completed his post-doctoral work at the Centre national de la recherche scientifique in France and the National Research Council of Canada in Ottawa. Pinto has published over 225 papers. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43474572 |
ZMapp is an experimental biopharmaceutical drug comprising three chimeric monoclonal antibodies under development as a treatment for Ebola virus disease. Two of the three components were originally developed at the Public Health Agency of Canada's National Microbiology Laboratory (NML), and the third at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases; the cocktail was optimized by Gary Kobinger, a research scientist at the NML and underwent further development under license by Mapp Biopharmaceutical. was first used on humans during the 2014 West Africa Ebola virus outbreak, having only been previously tested on animals and not yet subjected to a randomized controlled trial. The NIH ran a clinical trial starting in January 2015 with subjects from Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Liberia aiming to enroll 200 people, but the epidemic waned and the trial closed early, leaving it too statistically underpowered to give a meaningful result about whether worked. In 2019, a clinical study determined that was ineffective against Ebola compared to two other treatments. The drug is composed of three monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), initially harvested from mice exposed to Ebola virus proteins, that have been chimerized with human constant regions. The components are chimeric monoclonal antibody c13C6 from a previously existing antibody cocktail called "MB-003" and two chimeric mAbs from a different antibody cocktail called ZMab, c2G4 and c4G7 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43478312 |
ZMapp is manufactured in the tobacco plant "Nicotiana benthamiana" in the bioproduction process known as "pharming" by Kentucky BioProcessing, a subsidiary of Reynolds American. Like intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, contains a mixture of neutralizing antibodies that confer passive immunity to an individual, enhancing the normal immune response, and is designed to be administered after exposure to the Ebola virus. Such antibodies have been used in the treatment and prevention of various infectious diseases and are intended to attack the virus by interfering with its surface and neutralizing it to prevent further damage. Two of the drug's three components were originally developed at the Public Health Agency of Canada's National Microbiology Laboratory (NML), and a third at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases; the cocktail was optimized by Gary Kobinger, then branch chief of the NML, and is undergoing further development by Leaf Biopharmaceutical (LeafBio, Inc.), a San Diego-based arm of Mapp Biopharmaceutical. LeafBio created in collaboration with its parent and Defyrus Inc., each of which had licensed its own cocktail of antibodies, called MB-003 and ZMab. MB-003 is a cocktail of three humanized or human–mouse chimeric mAbs: c13C6, h13F6 and c6D8. A study published in September 2012 found that rhesus macaques infected with Ebola virus (EBOV) survived when receiving MB-003 (mixture of 3 chimeric monoclonal antibodies) one hour after infection | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43478312 |
ZMapp When treated 24 or 48 hours after infection, four of six animals survived and had little to no viremia and few, if any, clinical symptoms. MB-003 was created by scientists at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Gene Olinger and Jamie Pettitt in collaboration with Mapp Biopharmaceutical with years of funding from US government agencies including the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority, and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency. ZMAb is a mixture of three mouse mAbs: m1H3, m2G4 and m4G7. A study published in November 2013 found that EBOV-infected macaque monkeys survived after being given a therapy with a combination of three EBOV surface glycoprotein (EBOV-GP)-specific monoclonal antibodies (ZMAb) within 24 hours of infection. The authors concluded that post-exposure treatment resulted in a robust immune response, with good protection for up to 10 weeks and some protection at 13 weeks. ZMab was created by the NML and licensed to Defyrus, a Toronto-based biodefense company, with further funding by the Public Health Agency of Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43478312 |
ZMapp A 2014 paper described how Mapp and its collaborators, including investigators at Public Health Agency of Canada, Kentucky BioProcessing, and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, first chimerized the three antibodies comprising ZMAb, then tested combinations of MB-003 and the chimeric ZMAb antibodies in guinea pigs and then primates to determine the best combination, which turned out to be c13C6 from MB-003 and two chimeric mAbs from ZMAb, c2G4 and c4G7. This is ZMapp. In an experiment also published in the 2014 paper, 21 rhesus macaque primates were infected with the Kikwit Congolese variant of EBOV. Three primates in the control arm were given a non-functional antibody, and the 18 in the treatment arm were divided into three groups of six. All primates in the treatment arm received three doses of ZMapp, spaced 3 days apart. The first treatment group received its first dose on 3rd day after being infected; the second group on the 4th day after being infected, and the third group, on the 5th day after being infected. All three primates in the control group died; all 18 primates in the treatment arm survived. Mapp then went on to show that inhibits replication of a Guinean strain of EBOV in cell cultures. Mapp remains involved in the production of the drug through its contracts with Kentucky BioProcessing, a subsidiary of Reynolds American | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43478312 |
ZMapp To produce the drug, genes coding for the chimeric mAbs were inserted into viral vectors, and tobacco plants are infected with the viral vector encoding for the antibodies, using "Agrobacterium" cultures. Subsequently, antibodies are extracted and purified from the plants. Once the genes encoding the chimeric mAbs are in hand, the entire tobacco production cycle is believed to take a few months. The development of these production methods was funded by the U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency as part of its bio-defense efforts following the 9/11 terrorist attacks. was first used during the 2014 West Africa Ebola Virus outbreak, having not previously undergone any human clinical trials to determine its efficacy or potential risks. By October 2014, the United States Food and Drug Administration had approved the use of several experimental drugs, including ZMapp, to be used on patients infected with Ebola virus. The use of such drugs during the epidemic was also deemed ethical by the World Health Organization. In 2014, a limited supply of was used to treat 7 individuals infected with the Ebola virus; of these 2 died. The outcome is not considered to be statistically significant. Mapp announced in August 2014, that supplies of had been exhausted. The lack of drugs and unavailability of experimental treatment in the most affected regions of the West African Ebola virus outbreak spurred some controversy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43478312 |
ZMapp The fact that the drug was first given to Americans and a European and not to Africans, according to the "Los Angeles Times", "provoked outrage, feeding into African perceptions of Western insensitivity and arrogance, with a deep sense of mistrust and betrayal still lingering over the exploitation and abuses of the colonial era". Salim S. Abdool Karim, the director of an AIDS research center in South Africa, placed the issue in the context of the history of exploitation and abuses. Responding to a question on how people might have reacted if and other drugs had first been used on Africans, he said "It would have been the front-page screaming headline: 'Africans used as guinea pigs for American drug company's medicine. In early August, the World Health Organization called for convening a panel of medical authorities "to consider whether experimental drugs should be more widely released." In a statement, Peter Piot (co-discoverer of the Ebola virus); Jeremy Farrar, the director of the Wellcome Trust; and David Heymann of the Chatham House Center on Global Health Security, called for the release of experimental drugs for affected African nations. At an August 6, 2014 press conference, Barack Obama, the President of the United States, was questioned regarding whether the cocktail should be fast-tracked for approval or be made available to sick patients outside of the United States. He responded, "I think we've got to let the science guide us. I don't think all the information's in on whether this drug is helpful | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43478312 |
ZMapp " The National Institutes of Health announced on 27 February 2015 the commencement of a randomized controlled trial of to be conducted in Liberia and the United States. From March 2015 through November 2015, 72 individuals infected with the Ebola virus were enrolled in the trial; investigators stopped enrolling new subjects in January 2016, having failed to reach its enrollment goal of 200 due to the waning of the Ebola outbreak. As a result, although a 40% lower risk of death was calculated for those who received ZMapp, the difference was not statistically significant and ultimately it could not be determined whether the use of was superior to the optimized standard of care alone. However, was found to be safe and well tolerated. The cocktail was assessed by the World Health Organization for emergency use under the MEURI ethical protocol. The panel agreed that "the benefits of outweigh its risks" while noting that it presented logistical challenges, particularly that of requiring a cold chain for distribution and storage. Four alternative therapies (Remdesivir, the Regeneron product REGN3470-3471-3479, Favipiravir, and mAb114) were also considered for use, but they are at earlier stages of development | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43478312 |
ZMapp In August 2019, the Democratic Republic of the Congo's national health authorities, the World Health Organization, and the National Institutes of Health announced that they would stop using ZMapp, along with all other Ebola treatments except REGN-EB3 and mAb114, in their ongoing clinical trials, citing the higher mortality rates of patients not treated with REGN-EB3 and mAb114. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43478312 |
NGC 6560 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Hercules. It was discovered by Lewis A. Swift on 22 October 1886. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43484010 |
Toroidal Fusion Core Experiment The (TFCX) was a US design study for a tokamak fusion experiment in the mid 1980s. It was intended to achieve ignition using long burns of over 100 seconds. It could have used superconducting coils to create a 10 Tesla magnetic field. Designed for an nt ~ 3x10 and ion energy ~ 10-20keV, it was never built. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43492426 |
Andres Salumets (born 19 May 1971 in Jõhvi) is an Estonian biologist and biochemist, currently the Professor of Reproductive Medicine at the University of Tartu. He completed his Undergraduate and Graduate studies at the University of Tartu in 1993 and 1995 respectively. In October 2003 he received his PhD at the University of Helsinki with the academic dissertation "Effects of embryological parameters on the success of fresh and frozen embryo transfers". Salumets is currently a Member of the Executive Committee (2013–2015) of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology and has a significant number of publications in several scientific journals. He is also a Board Member at the Competence Center for Reproductive Medicine and Biology, as well as the Project Manager for the scientific synergy "Novel approaches for human infertility diagnostics" for the sub-project: "Endometrial receptivity: systems biology approach". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43497219 |
NGC 462 is an elliptical galaxy located in the Pisces constellation. It was discovered by Albert Marth on 23 October 1864. Dreyer, creator of the New General Catalogue, originally described it as "extremely faint, very small, stellar". The word stellar clearly suggests an initial misidentification of as a star. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43500794 |
List of flood basalt provinces Representative continental flood basalts (also known as traps) and oceanic plateaus, together forming a listing of large igneous provinces: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43514962 |
Seychelles Natural History Museum The is a natural history museum in the Seychelles. The museum is located in next to the main post office in Victoria, the capital of the Seychelles, on Mahé Island. The displays include sections on botany, zoology, geology and anthropology. There are also some items related to the history of the Seychelles People's Militia, the Seychelles People's Liberation Army and the Seychelles People's Defence Forces. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43515777 |
Pat Wolseley is a botanist. She studied lichen at the Natural History Museum London. She created the air survey for Open Air Laboratories network. In 2012, she featured in an episode of BBC Radio 4's The Life Scientific. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43516432 |
Zoe Shipton is a British geologist. She is a professor of Geological Engineering at Strathclyde University. Shipton is a member of the Royal Society and Royal Academy of Engineering working group on “Shale gas extraction in the UK: a review of the scientific and engineering evidence” and currently holds the chair of the Tectonic Studies Group of the Geological Society of London. In July 2014, Shipton's career in geology was featured on the BBC Radio 4 show "The Life Scientific" In March 2016 Shipton was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scotland's National Academy for science and letters. Zoe's paternal grandfather was Himalayan mountaineer, Eric Shipton. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43516457 |
Medvednica Fault Zone The is a fault zone in northern Croatia. It is named after the mountain Medvednica. The fault zone strikes ENE-WSW and is seismically active. The movements along the fault are sinistral and connected to the counterclockwise movements of the Adriatic plate. The fault also shows signs of thrusting. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43517192 |
Lavanttal Fault The (or Pöls-Lavanttal Fault, Labot Fault; ) is a seismically active fault that stretches from Austria in the north to Slovenia in the south. The fault strikes NNW-SSE and shows dextral strike-slip movements. In the southern part, the displaces the Periadriatic Fault or Balaton Fault. Movements along the fault led to the formation of the Fohnsdorf Basin and the Lavanttal Basin. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43520520 |
Donat Fault The (; ) is a fault zone that extends from Slovenia to Croatia. It extends from south of Zreče in the west to east of Varaždin in the east. The fault zone strikes E-W in the west and ENE-WSW in the east. Miocene movements along the fault were dextral strike-slip. Displacement is estimated to be 50 km. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43520690 |
NGC 518 is a spiral galaxy located in the Pisces constellation. It was discovered by Albert Marth on 17 December 1864. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43523948 |
Precambrian Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the geology of the Earth and its planetary neighbors. It is published by Elsevier and the editors-in-chief are C. Fedo (University of Tennessee, R.R. Parrish (NERC Isotope Geosciences Laboratory, and G.C. Zhao (University of Hong Kong). It was established in 1974. According to the "Journal Citation Reports", the journal has a 2013 impact factor of 6.023. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43524074 |
Soft modes In theoretical condensed matter physics, soft modes emerge as a consequence of the Goldstone theorem. are excitations above the ground state whose energy vanishes in the limit of long wavelengths. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43526790 |
Ezekiel Adebiyi is a Nigerian bioinformatics professor and research scientist. He is the current president of Nigerian Society of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology. He is also the current vice-president of African Society for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology. In 2010, he was made a professor at Covenant University, an elevation that made him the first bioinformatics professor in West Africa. Adebiyi was born on 28 July 1970 in Ibadan, Nigeria, although he is a native of Boluwaduro area of Osun State. He had his secondary school at United Community Secondary School, Ilorin. Between 1987 and 1991, he studied Mathematics at University of Ilorin graduating as the best graduating student. He also completed his master's degree from the same institution in 1995. His doctorate thesis was on "Pattern Discovery in Biology and Strings Sorting: Theory and Experimentation", which he concluded in 2002 at University of Tübingen. Adebiyi began his lecturing career immediately after graduation at University of Ilorin. In 2003, he withdrew from the school to become a visiting scientist at several research centers including San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of Montpellier and German Cancer Research Center. He continued with professional research before joining Covenant University Computer science department in 2008. He was promoted to the professorial cadre in 2010. Between 2007 and 2011, Adebiyi was the vice president of African Society for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43531836 |
Ezekiel Adebiyi After his tenure, he became the secretary of the professional body. He is also the president of Nigeria Society of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (NISBCB). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43531836 |
Andrea Sella (born February 1961) is a chemist and broadcaster based at University College London where he is a Professor of Inorganic Chemistry. He studies rare-earth metals and collaborates with several research groups on hydrogen storage, carbonitrides, and nanotube insertion chemistry. He has been involved in numerous television documentaries, including the 2010 BBC documentary" ", which was nominated for the 2010 British Academy Television Awards in the category Specialist Factual. In 2014 he presented "My Family and other Ibex" and "Urine Trouble: What's in our Water" on BBC Radio 4. He has been a guest on Melvyn Bragg's In Our Time and appeared regularly on radio programmes like Start the Week, Weekend, Newshour, the Today Programme and the Infinite Monkey Cage. He has been consultant and contributor for the BBC World Service's series "Elemental Economics" presented by Justin Rowlatt. He was born in Italy In 1961, but grew up in the USA and East Africa. He studied chemistry at Trinity College, University of Toronto as an undergraduate and did research for a PhD under Professor Robert H Morris. He completed a PhD in Chemistry from 1986-90 at Balliol College, Oxford studying with Professor Malcolm Green. His monthly column in the Royal Society of Chemistry's Chemistry World, "Classic Kit", with guest contributions by his Masters student, Talitha Humphrey, explores the history of chemistry through the lens of scientific apparatus. He is also well known for science demonstrations for both schoolchildren and adults | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43539593 |
Andrea Sella He sits on the Scientific Advisory Board of the Cheltenham Science Festival and on the Education Committee of the Royal Institution. He was awarded the 2014 Michael Faraday Prize from The Royal Society for "his excellent work in science communication". Since February 2014, he has been a frequent guest speaker in a BBC World Service radio programme called ""Elements"". He explains how chemical elements behave, react, and how they are used. In the programme that aired on 16 September 2016 featuring thorium, he temporarily replaced Justin Rowlatt as the host. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43539593 |
Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology or IHBT established in 1983 is a constituent laboratory of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. This institute located in Palampur, Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh is engaged in various advanced research aspects of Himalayan Bio-resources and modern biology. It has also been imparting Ph.D. in Biological and Chemical Sciences. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43544874 |
Elizabeth Tasker Elizabeth Mary Tasker is an Australian fire ecologist. She obtained a PhD in Science at the University of Sydney in 2002. She is a researcher at the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, and previously worked for the University of Wollongong and for The Australian Museum carrying out biological surveys in Melanesia. Her main area of expertise is the effects of fire and fire management on native animals and plants. She was a Vice-President, and subsequently (to 2015) Director, of the Ecological Society of Australia, the largest professional association of scientists in Australia, and a published wildlife photographer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43567626 |
Te-tsun Yu Te-tsun Yü (1908–1986) was a Chinese botanist, specialising in Spermatophytes and Phanerogams, particularly in the Yunnan and Sichuan provinces of China, which have the most diverse flora in China. Yu was taught by Hu Xiansu. Yu was a co-founder of the Kunming Institute of Botany. He worked as editor of the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae and director of the Institute of Botany at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He was a prolific collector of plant specimens in Yunnan, making expeditions into the largely unexplored mountains in the north west of the province. Thousands of specimens he collected were exported to Arnold Arboretum in Boston, Massachusetts and Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh who funded the expeditions in 1937. In 1979 he toured the United States as part of a delegation from the Botanical Society of the People's Republic of China in reciprocal arrangements with the Botanical Society of America. This collaboration led to the Flora of China Project which started shortly after Yu's death and was first published in 1994. He compiled "The Botanical Gardens of China" (Published: 1983 by Science Press, Beijing, ) which contains many colour photographs and maps of each botanical garden. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43569094 |
Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen The or GEH is a German national association for the conservation of historic and endangered domestic animal breeds. The GEH was founded on 5 December 1981 in the Rottal, in Lower Bavaria in southern Germany. It has about 2100 members. Since it was founded, no domestic livestock breed has become extinct in Germany. The GEH co-operates with other national and international organisations for the conservation of biodiversity. It publishes an annual Rote Liste or red list of endangered breeds of livestock, which attributes one of four categories of conservation risk to domestic breeds of cattle, dogs, goats, horses, pigs, rabbits and sheep, of chickens, ducks, geese and turkeys, and of bees; listing of domestic pigeon breeds is in preparation. Some breeds from outside Germany are listed separately. The four levels of risk are: The risk level is calculated using a formula that takes into account five criteria: the number of breeding animals or breeding females; the percentage of pure-bred matings; the five-year trend in breed numbers; the number of breeders or herds; and the interval between generations of the animal. The GEH also publishes, in conjunction with the , the German national association of poultry breeders, a separate list of the historic poultry breeds and colour varieties that were raised in Germany before 1930. The same levels of conservation risk are assigned as in the main red list. Since 1984 the GEH has each year named one or more animal breeds as "endangered breed of the year" | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43581700 |
Gesellschaft zur Erhaltung alter und gefährdeter Haustierrassen To date, these have been: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43581700 |
Lasing without inversion (LWI), or lasing without population inversion, is a technique used for light amplification by stimulated emission without the requirement of population inversion. A laser working under this scheme exploits the quantum interference between the probability amplitudes of atomic transitions in order to eliminate absorption without disturbing the stimulated emission. This phenomenon is also the essence of electromagnetically induced transparency. The basic LWI concept was first predicted by Ali Javan in 1956. The first demonstration of LWI was carried out by Marlan Scully in an experiment in rubidium and sodium at Texas A&M University, and then at NIST in Boulder. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43593074 |
Solar flux unit The solar flux unit (sfu) is a convenient measure of spectral flux density often used in solar radio observations, such as the F10.7 solar activity index: See jansky for further information about related units. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43596025 |
Yanjiahe Formation The is a Cambrian fossiliferous geologic formation found in South China. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43603037 |
Paleogeoscience Paleogeosciences are those associated with the past states or processes associated with Earth science or geoscience. Earth science or geoscience is an all-embracing term referring to the fields of science dealing with planet Earth. These studies of earth's history encompass the Biosphere, Cryosphere, Hydrosphere, Atmosphere, and Lithosphere; the Geosphere. One of the most socially prominent facets of the paleogeosciences would be their applications to our changing climate system. The term "Paleogeoscience" was coined by the "Collaboration and Cyberinfrastructure for Paleogeosciences" (C4P) research coordination network (RCN), a "National Science Foundation EarthCube" funded project intending to foster collaboration among paleogeoscientists, paleobiologists, bioinformaticists, stratigraphers, geochronologists, geographers, data scientists, and computer scientists with an aim to dramatically improve the application of modern data management approaches, data mining technologies, and computational methods to better analyze data within the paleogeosciences and other domains and disciplines. "Paleogeoscience" is the collective term for geologic studies that pertain to past geological processes. It combines paleoenvironmental and paleobiologial perspectives towards the goal of furthering our understanding of the interactions between life and the earth through time | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=43613282 |
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