text stringlengths 11 1.65k | source stringlengths 38 44 |
|---|---|
Prismatine is an orthorhombic-dipyramidal mineral containing aluminium, boron, fluorine, hydrogen, iron, magnesium, oxygen, and silicon. It forms a solid solution series with kornerupine. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51404409 |
Flexal mammarenavirus The (also known as the Flexal virus or FLEV, and previously known by the laboratory code BeAn 293022) is a mammarenavirus: an arenavirus with a mammalian host. It was first found in semiaquatic rodents of the genus Oryzomys in tropical forest in the Pará area of Brazil. It is a member of Clade A of the Tacaribe (or "New World") serocomplex of the family "Arenaviridae". Laboratory workers infected by Flexal virus have exhibited febrile illness. Flexal virus is listed as a UN 2814 Category A infectious substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51408785 |
Peter R. Hooper (1931 - April 21, 2012) was a British geologist, author, and professor in the Department of Geology at Washington State University. He was best known for his research on the Columbia River Flood Basalt Province (CRFBP). Hooper Glacier is a glacier in the Palmer Archipelago, Antarctica. It was named after by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee. Petrology and Chemistry of the Rock Creek Flow, Columbia River Basalt, Idaho | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51414722 |
Tierra del Fuego Igneous and Metamorphic Complex is a geological basement complex known from boreholes in northern Tierra del Fuego. The complex is made up of foliated igneous rocks of Cambrian age including orthogneiss. It underlies unconformably the Jurassic Tobífera Formation. The protoliths of Cordillera Darwin Metamorphic Complex are unrelated to despite present-day proximity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51418382 |
Dragonfly 44 is an ultra diffuse galaxy in the Coma Cluster. Observations of the velocity dispersion suggest a mass of about one trillion solar masses, about the same as the mass of the Milky Way; the galaxy shows no evidence of rotation. This is also consistent with about 90 globular clusters observed around Dragonfly 44. However, the galaxy emits only 1% of the light emitted by the Milky Way. The galaxy was discovered with the Dragonfly Telephoto Array. To determine the amount of dark matter in this galaxy, they used the DEIMOS instrument installed on Keck II to measure the velocities of stars for 33.5 hours over a period of six nights so they could determine the galaxy's mass. The scientists then used the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph on the 8-m Gemini North telescope to reveal a halo of spherical clusters of stars around the galaxy's core. In August 2016, astronomers reported that this galaxy might be made almost entirely of dark matter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51424743 |
Andrew Keith Jack (also known as Keith Jack) (9 September 1885 – 26 September 1966) was an Australian physicist who served as a member of the Ross Sea Party as part of Ernest Shackleton's Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. Keith Jack was educated at the University of Melbourne, graduating with an MSc in 1914. A year later he joined the Shackleton expedition, where along with other members of the crew, he became stranded for 2 years in Antarctic after the loss of the ship Aurora. During this time he kept a regular diary across five volumes. Keith was rescued along with six other survivors in 1917. Keith also took many photographs during the expedition, some of which were later hand-coloured as lantern slides. Keith's diaries, as well as a number of his artefacts from the expedition, including his 1829 Aneroid barometer and a set of two thermometers, were bequeathed to the Museum Victoria. After the expedition, Keith worked during the war in an explosives factory (known as the Cordite Factory), utilising his expertise in chemistry, eventually become a Senior Assistant Manager. After the war he took on various roles managing explosives and safety for the Australian Government. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51437062 |
Mikko Tuomi is a Finnish astronomer from the University of Hertfordshire, most known for his contributions to the discovery of a number of exoplanets, among them the Proxima Centauri b which orbits the closest star to the Sun. was the first to find indications of the existence of Proxima Centauri b in archival observation data. Other exoplanets to whose discovery or study Tuomi has contributed include HD 40307, HD 154857 c, Kapteyn c, Gliese 682 c, HD 154857, Gliese 221, Gliese 581 g and the planetary system orbiting Tau Ceti. He has led the development of new data analysis techniques for distinguishing observations caused by natural activity of the star and those caused by planets orbiting them. has contributed to many cosmologist research articles including: helped discover the Proxima Centauri b planet by observing the gravitational tug of Proxima Centauri's star, Proxima Centauri. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51440095 |
Coastal Batholith of Peru The () is a group of hundreds, if not thousands, of individual plutons that crop out near or at the coast of Peru. The batholith runs a length of ca. 1600 km. Most of the plutons of the batholith were intruded in an elongated coast-parallel extensional basin. The magma that formed the batholith's plutons is thought to have originated from the partial melting of hydrated basaltic rocks at the base of the crust during rifting (extension). Subsequently, the rift basin was inverted. During the ascent the magma followed vertical pathways but emplacement was mostly in the form of tabular bodies. Plutons of the batholith intrude both the deformed strata of Marañón fold and thrust belt and the Casma Group. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51448511 |
Cordillera Blanca Batholith The () is an extensive group of individual plutons that crop out near or at Cordillera Blanca, Peru. The batholith intrudes the Jurassic Chicama Formation. To the west the Cordillera Blanca Fault makes up the border of the batolith. It has been suggested that the magma that originated the batholith was the product of partial melting of underplated basaltic crust. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51448990 |
Isotropic beacon An is a hypothetical type of transmission beacon that emits a uniform EM signal in all directions for the purposes of communication with extraterrestrial intelligence. An isotropic beacon can be any transmitter that emits a uniform electromagnetic field. However, the term is most commonly used to describe a transmitter used by a civilization to call attention to itself over interstellar distances. Project Cyclops is and was one of the first looks at the theoretical framework of what it would take to create such a device. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51456706 |
Yngvar Hagen (September 24, 1909 – March 22, 1993) was a Norwegian zoologist. Hagen was born in Fredrikstad, Norway. From 1937 to 1938 he participated in the Norwegian Scientific Expedition to Tristan da Cunha in the southern Atlantic Ocean. The material of this expedition was used in his doctoral dissertation "Birds of Tristan da Cunha" (1952). Hagen worked both at the University of Oslo and Trondheim Science Museum, was the chairman of the Norwegian Zoological Society ("Norsk Zoologisk Forening") from 1955 to 1958, and was a manager at the Norwegian National Wildlife Survey ("Statens Viltundersøkelser"), conducting wildlife surveys, from 1955 to 1977. In Norway, he is best known for "Rovfuglene og viltpleien" (Birds of Prey and Game Management, 1952), which generated discussion about the place of raptors in nature. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51458027 |
Egil Baardseth Egil Morris Baardseth (born 2 May 1912 in Bærum, died on 29 January 1991 in Trondheim) was a Norwegian botanist and phycologist. Baardseth was born in Bærum, just west of Oslo, to Carl Morris Baardseth (1880-1963), a marine insurance manager, and Solveig Tellefsen. His uncle was publisher Torger Baardseth. He attended the University of Oslo, and for his doctoral work, participated in the 1937-1938 Norwegian Scientific Expedition to Tristan da Cunha in the southern Atlantic Ocean. Upon his return he successfully defended his dissertation and published "The Marine Algae of Tristan da Cunha" (1941), which includes an account of the 125 species of red, brown and green algae documented on the expedition. As many as 49 species were endemic to Tristan da Cunha, for which he is credited as first describing. The samples he collected are deposited at the Botanical Museum in Oslo. In 1946 he married Olaug Sunniva Siqveland (20 January 1920 - 27 February 1998). From 1949 he worked at the newly opened Norwegian Institute of Seaweed and Seaweed Research, in Trondheim, where he developed methods for estimating seaweed populations along the Norwegian coast from small samples. In 1966-1967 he was UNESCO's representative in Cuba, initiating the exploration of algal resources, and from 1970 to 1980 he was professor of marine botany at the University of Bergen. Baardseth retired in 1980 and moved back to Trondheim, where he died in 1991. He had no children. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51458086 |
CL J1001+0220 is, as of 2016, the most distant known galaxy cluster. Discovered in 2016 by the Chandra X-ray Observatory in conjunction with the ESO's UltraVISTA telescope and the Atacama Large Millimeter Array, it has a redshift of z=2.506, placing it at a distance of 11.1 billion light-years from Earth. The galaxy cluster appears to be undergoing the transformation from a galaxy cluster that is still forming, a proto-cluster, to a mature cluster, and it is the first such cluster observed in this stage of its evolution. The cluster consists of seventeen galaxies, and nine of the eleven massive galaxies closest to its centre are starburst galaxies are together forming new stars at the rate of about 3,400 Suns per year. In contrast, the Milky Way produces only the equivalent of one Sun per year, so these galaxies at the core of the cluster are producing stars at a rate three thousand times greater than the Milky Way on average. Other galaxy clusters at ten billion light years and closer have far less star formation, and this suggests that star formation slows down in large galaxies within clusters after the galaxies have already come together during the development of a galaxy cluster. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51474724 |
Colangüil Batholith The is a group of plutons in western Argentina between the latitudes of 29 and 31° S. The plutons of the batholith were emplaced and cooled in the Late Paleozoic and the Triassic. Runs in a north-south direction. The plutons of the batholith are intruded into volcanic rocks produced by the same plutons plus some earlier deformed basement. The most common rocks in the batholith are granodiorite, granite and leucogranite. The batholith contains also a dyke swarm of north-south trending dykes. Compared to other subduction-related batholiths around the Pacific Ocean is more felsic. Together with the Chilean Coastal Batholith and the Elqui-Limarí Batholith the is a remnant of the volcanic arcs that erupted the volcanic material of the Choiyoi Group. The batholith is made up six major units: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51477128 |
Marianne Horak (born 1944) is a Swiss-Australian entomologist who specialises in Australian Lepidoptera, particularly the phycitine and tortricid moths. She also did important research on the scribbly gum moths, during which eleven new species of "Ogmograptis" were discovered. Horak was born in Glarus, Switzerland where she was inspired to study entomology from her childhood growing up in a valley in the Alps. She studied at the Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zürich, earning her M.Sc. in 1970 and Ph.D. in 1983. She did extensive field work in New Zealand (1967–69), New Guinea (1971–73), and Indonesia (1985) before settling permanently in Australia. She is the current editor-in-chief of "Monographs of Australian Lepidoptera", chairperson of the Australian Lepidoptera Research Endowment, and honorary research fellow in Lepidoptera systematics at the Australian National Insect Collection at CSIRO, where she works as Lepidoptera curator and was head of Lepidoptera research until her retirement in 2010. Horak has discovered several new species of Lepidoptera, including multiple species of "Cadra", "Heterochorista", and "Ogmograptis". She also is the taxon authority for several genera, including "Aglaogonia", "Atriscripta", and "Cnecidophora". Horak was the first recipient of the J. O. Westwood Medal for excellence in insect taxonomy for "her outstanding monograph entitled "The Olethreutine Moths of Australia (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)"" | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51492765 |
Marianne Horak The moth species "Coleophora horakae", "Hilarographa mariannae", and "Myrtartona mariannae" are dedicated to her. Horak is considered one of the worldwide leading experts on the systematics of Tortricidae. She was previously married to the Austrian mycologist Egon Horak. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51492765 |
NGC 163 is an elliptical galaxy in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered by William Herschel since 1890. It has been found in a faint object but when seeing using an optical telescope was an elliptical galaxy that ranges up to 13 magnitude. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51493917 |
NGC 164 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Pisces. It was found by the German astronomer Albert Marth on 3 August 1864. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51493998 |
NGC 165 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered in 1882 by Wilhelm Tempel and was described by as "faint, large, star in centre, eastern of 2" by John Louis Emil Dreyer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51494017 |
NGC 166 (also known as PGC 2143) is a spiral galaxy located around 2.6 million light-years away in the constellation Cetus, with an apparent magnitude of 15.18. It was discovered by Francis Preserved Leavenworth in 1886. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51494308 |
NGC 167 is a spiral galaxy located approximately 172 million light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered in 1886 by Francis Preserved Leavenworth. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51494441 |
NGC 169 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Andromeda. It was discovered on September 18, 1857 by R. J. Mitchell. has a smaller companion named NGC 169A. The two are currently interacting, and the pair is included in Halton Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51494830 |
XMASS is a multipurpose physics experiment in Japan that monitors a large tank of xenon for flashes of light that might be caused by hypothetical dark matter particles. In addition to searching for dark matter, is also studying neutrinoless double beta decay and solar neutrinos. Its results have not confirmed the annual variation seen in some earlier experiments. Construction started in April 2007. The detector was completed in September 2010. Commissioning run was conducted between October 2010 and June 2012. Scientific data taking begun in November 2013. The detector is sometimes called XMASS-I, as it is planned to be superseded by an upgrade called XMASS-1.5 (a 5 ton detector) and eventually XMASS-II (24 ton detector). The XMASS-I experiment shut down and ceased data taking 20 February 2019. The detector is located 1000m underground in the Kamioka Observatory in Japan. It contains about 800 kg of liquid xenon. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51495660 |
NGC 170 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered on 3 November 1863 by Albert Marth. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51500848 |
NGC 171 is a barred spiral galaxy with an apparent magnitude of 12, located around 3 million light-years away in the constellation Cetus. The galaxy has 2 main medium-wound arms, with a few minor arms, and a fairly bright nucleus and bulge. It was discovered on 20 October 1784 by William Herschel. It is also known as NGC 175. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51501092 |
NGC 172 is a spiral galaxy located around 136 million light-years away in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered in 1886 by astronomer Frank Muller. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51501126 |
NGC 177 is an unbarred spiral galaxy with a distinct ring structure, located around 200 million light-years away in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered in 1886 by Frank Muller. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51501807 |
NGC 181 is a galaxy, likely a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Andromeda. It was discovered on October 6, 1883 by Édouard Stephan. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51503211 |
NGC 182 is a spiral galaxy with a ring structure, located in the constellation Pisces. It was discovered on December 25, 1790 by William Herschel. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51503257 |
Caroline Langat Thoruwa is a Kenyan chemist. She is a professor of chemistry at Kenyatta University, and the director of its Nairobi City satellite campus. Langat Thoruwa is also the chairperson of African Women in Science and Engineering, a member of the board of the International Network Women Engineers & Scientists, and a member of the technical committee of ACTIL Knowledge Hub. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51505071 |
Valeriano Fault System The () is a group of related geological faults located in the high Andes of southern Atacama Region, Chile. The Inca road system follows the fault from north to south. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51510824 |
NGC 183 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Andromeda. It was discovered on November 5, 1866 by Truman Safford. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51516805 |
NGC 184 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Andromeda. It was discovered on October 6, 1883 by Édouard Stephan. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51516877 |
NGC 186 is a lenticular galaxy located 3.4 million light-years away in the constellation Pisces. This galaxy is more slimmer than the other galaxies, and the stars have rays that can be detected with a satellite. It was discovered by William Herschel in 1891. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51516985 |
Pomeranchuk's theorem Pomeranchuk's theorem, named after Soviet physicist Isaak Pomeranchuk, states that difference of cross sections of interactions of elementary particles formula_1 and formula_2 (i. e. particle formula_3 with particle formula_4, and with its antiparticle formula_5) approach 0 when formula_6, where formula_7 is the energy in center of mass system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51517440 |
NGC 191 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered on November 28, 1785 by William Herschel. is currently interacting with IC 1563. For that reason was included in Halton Arp's Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies, under the section "Elliptical galaxies close to and perturbing spiral galaxies." | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51517977 |
NGC 193 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Pisces. It was discovered on December 21, 1786 by William Herschel. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51518429 |
Paolo Panceri (1833, in Milan – 1877, in Naples) was an Italian naturalist. Panceri graduated in medicine at the University of Pavia where he began his research. In 1861 he took the Chair of Comparative anatomy at the University of Naples, where he directed the Zoology Museum. Panceri was cautious about the scientific validity of evolutionary theories but was instrumental in the foundation of the Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (Dohrn was a Darwinian). His findings on the bioluminescence of marine invertebrates and studies of "Amphioxus" led to fame in Italy and abroad. In 1874 he sold his books and scientific papers to Biblioteca Universitaria di Napoli to pay for an expedition to Egypt. They constitute an example of a nineteenth-century library specializing in the natural sciences and comparative anatomy. His students in Naples include Carlo Emery, Leopoldo Maggi and Antonio della Valle. He died aged 44. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51521629 |
Acquired neuroprotection is a synaptic-activity-dependent form of adaptation in the nervous system that renders neurons more resistant to harmful conditions. The term was coined by Hilmar Bading. This use-dependent enhancement of cellular survival activity requires changes in gene expression triggered by neuronal activity and nuclear calcium signaling. In rodents, components of the neuroprotective gene program can reduce brain damage caused by seizure-like activity or by a stroke. In acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases, gene regulatory events important for acquired neuroprotection are antagonized by extrasynaptic NMDA receptor signaling leading to increased vulnerability, loss of structural integrity, and bioenergetics dysfunction. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51529492 |
Nuclear calcium The concentration of calcium in the cell nucleus can increase in response to signals from the environment. is an evolutionary conserved potent regulator of gene expression that allows cells to undergo long-lasting adaptive responses. The 'Nuclear Calcium Hypothesis’ by Hilmar Bading describes nuclear calcium in neurons as an important signaling end-point in synapse-to-nucleus communication that activates gene expression programs needed for persistent adaptations. In the nervous system, nuclear calcium is required for long-term memory formation, acquired neuroprotection, and the development of chronic inflammatory pain. In the heart, nuclear calcium is important for the development of cardiac hypertrophy. In the immune system, nuclear calcium is required for human T cell activation. Plants use nuclear calcium to control symbiosis signaling. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51529881 |
Anorogenic magmatism In geology, anorogenic magmatism is the formation, intrusion or eruption of magmas not directly connected with orogeny. This contrasts with orogenic magmatism that occurs at convergent plate boundaries where continental collision, subduction and orogeny are common. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51530149 |
Filippo Cavolini (8 April 1756 – 15 March 1810) was an Italian marine biologist. was born in Vico Equense, the son of Nicola Cavolini, a Neapolitan lawyer, and Angela Auriemma, and left a legal career to devote himself to natural history. He became the Professor of Zoology at the University of Naples and Director of the Zoological Museum. His research style, similar to that of Lazzaro Spallanzani, led to important results in the arena of marine biology and botany ("Memorie per servire alla storia de' polipi marini" -1785- "Memoria per servire alla generazione dei pesci e dei granchi" - 1787). He died following an assault by a soldier while he was researching by boat in the Gulf of Naples: he fell into the sea and died in Naples a few days later from pneumonia. The opisthobranch family Cavoliniidae honours his name. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51531534 |
Nonadiabatic transition state theory (NA-TST) is a powerful tool to predict rates of chemical reactions from a computational standpoint. NA-TST has been introduced in 1988 by Prof. J.C. Lorquet. In general, all of the assumptions taking place in traditional transition state theory (TST) are also used in NA-TST but with some corrections. First, a spin-forbidden reaction proceeds through the minimum energy crossing point (MECP) rather than through transition state (TS). Second, unlike TST, the probability of transition is not equal to unity during the reaction and treated as a function of internal energy associated with the reaction coordinate. At this stage non-relativistic couplings responsible for mixing between states is a driving force of transition. For example, the larger spin-orbit coupling at MECP the larger the probability of transition. NA-TST can be reduced to the traditional TST in the limit of unit probability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51531969 |
NGC 196 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered on December 28, 1790 by William Herschel. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51537785 |
Federigo Luigi Appelius (1835-20 April 1876, Livorno) was an Italian conchologist. His mother was Italian and his father was a German speaking Swiss so he was bilingual. He published : "Le Conchiglie del Mar Tirreno", parte prima (pp. 1–27), parte seconda (pp. 1–49). Pisa, Tipografia Nistri (1869); Catalogo delle conchiglie fossili del Livornese desunto dalle collezioni e manoscritti del defunto G. B. Caterini. "Bulletino Malacologico Italiano", Pisa, vol. III (1871) ; Osservazioni bibliografiche sui molluschi del Mar Rosso. "Bullettino Malacologico Italiano", 6: 12-24 (1873) and short papers. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51549421 |
Vsevolod Gussakovskiy Vsevolod Vladimirovich Gussakovskiy (11 October 1911 in Tsarskoye Selo – September, 1948) was a Russian entomologist who specialised in Hymenoptera. He described many new species. His collections from Turkestan are held (ex parte) by the Zoological Museum of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51550799 |
NGC 198 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Pisces. It was discovered on December 25, 1790 by William Herschel. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51557054 |
1,3-Diphenylurea is a phenylurea-type compound with the formula (PhNH)CO (Ph = CH). It is a colorless solid that is prepared by transamidation of urea with aniline. DPU is a cytokinin, a type of plant hormone that induces flower development. It occurs in coconut milk. The cytokinin effect of DPU is relatively low, but other more potent phenylurea-type cytokinins have been reported. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51559227 |
Sergei Mosyakin Sergei Leonidovich Mosyakin (born 30 November 1963) is a Ukrainian botanist. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51561223 |
George Kuo George Ching-Hung Kuo is a scientist, who along with Michael Houghton, Qui-Lim Choo and Daniel W. Bradley, co-discovered and cloned Hepatitis C in 1989. The discovery of Hepatitis C led to the rapid development of diagnostic reagents to detect HCV in blood supplies which has reduced the risk of acquiring HCV through blood transfusion from one in three to about one in two million. It is estimated that antibody testing has prevented at least 40,000 new infections per year in the US alone and many more worldwide. He graduated from the National Taiwan University in 1961 and completed his PhD in molecular biology at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in 1972. He was awarded the Karl Landsteiner Memorial Award (1992) and Dale A. Smith Memorial Award (2005) of the American Association of Blood Banks, and the William Beaumont Prize of the American Gastroenterological Association in 1994. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51568271 |
NGC 202 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Pisces. It was discovered on November 17, 1876 by Édouard Stephan. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51574978 |
NGC 203 is a lenticular galaxy located approximately 233 million light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Pisces. It was discovered on December 19, 1873 by Ralph Copeland. The galaxy is also listed as NGC 211 in the New General Catalogue. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51575041 |
NGC 204 is a lenticular galaxy located approximately 241 million light-years form the Solar System in the constellation Pisces. It was discovered on December 21, 1786 by William Herschel. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51575059 |
Ward doubles are 88 binary stars recognized by the Washington Double Star Catalog (as NZO objects) that were identified by Joseph Ward and his assistant Thomas Allison. Ward and Allison identified over 200 double stars during a survey of the southern sky at Ward Observatory over six years beginning in 1904. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51581752 |
Nikolai Albov Nikolai Mikhaylovich Albov (; 15 October 1866, in Pavlovo, Gorbatov region, Nizhny Novgorod Governorate, Imperial Russia – 6 December 1897, in La Plata, Argentina) was a Russian botanist and geographer. He made his mark first as an explorer of the Caucasus, to which he made several extensive trips financed by the Swiss Botanist Society, and later, after having moved to Argentina in 1895, of the Southern regions of South America. He is credited with being arguably the first European explorer to have traveled extensively over Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego and (writing in Russian and French), described its flora. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51587268 |
Rhopalosiphum padi virus (RhPV) is a member of "Dicistroviridae" family, which includes cricket paralysis virus (CrPV), "Plautia stali" intestine virus and "Drosophila" C virus. Its 5'UTR region contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element with a cross-kingdom activity. It can function efficiently in mammalian, plant and insect translation systems. Testing of R. padi aphids collected from different sites in Sweden revealed the presence of RhPV in wild aphid populations for the first time in Europe. Virus could be detected in several life stages of R. padi, including sexual individuals and eggs, establishing an over-wintering route for the virus. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51594670 |
NGC 208 is a spiral galaxy located approximately 229 million light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Pisces. It was discovered on October 5, 1863 by Albert Marth. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51595918 |
NGC 209 is a lenticular galaxy located approximately 175 million light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Cetus. Named The Josh Evans Star and recorded under Intergalactic Star database number ISD0480727. It was discovered on October 9, 1885 by Francis Leavenworth. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51595948 |
Auguste Aymard (1808–1889) was a French prehistorian and palaeontologist who lived and died in Puy-en-Velay (Haute-Loire). He described the fossil "Entelodon magnus" and the fossil genera "Anancus" and "Amphechinus". was the archivist for the Departement Haute-Loire and Conservateur of Musée du Puy-en-Velay. He made archaeological discoveries in Puy-en-Velay, Polignac, Haute-Loire and Espaly-Saint-Marcel. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51598704 |
Tony James (chemist) Tony D. James FRSC (born 7 October 1964) is a chemist who is currently Professor of Chemistry at the University of Bath and recipient of the Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award. He was educated at the University of East Anglia (BSc, 1986) and the University of Victoria (PhD, 1991). He was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry in 2012 and received the Daiwa Adrian Prize in 2013. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51620723 |
Jan Drenth (born 20 February 1925) is a Dutch chemist. He was a professor of structural chemistry at the University of Groningen from 1969 to 1990. Drenth was born in Groningen. He obtained his PhD in mathematics and physics under Eelco Wiebenga at the University of Groningen in 1957, with a dissertation titled: "Een röntgenografisch onderzoek van excelsine, edestine en tabakszaadglobuline". Drenth subsequently moved to New York, United States, where he became a post-doc and studied protein crystallography under Barbara Low. Drenth then returned to the Netherlands and in 1967 was appointed as lector. In 1969 he was appointed as professor of structural chemistry, which he remained until his retirement in 1990. He was elected a member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1973. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51638205 |
Neil McKeown Neil Bruce McKeown FRSE is a chemist who is currently Crawford Professor of Chemistry at the University of Edinburgh. He was educated at the University of East Anglia (BSc, 1984; PhD, 1987). McKeown was awarded the Beilby Medal and Prize in 2008, and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 2017. He was awarded the Tilden Prize in 2017. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51640110 |
Marañón fold and thrust belt The () is a long, northwest-southeast trending belt of deformed rocks located in the Andes of central Peru. The formation of the belt defines the Incaic Phase of the Andean orogeny. Prior to the deformation and uplift the rocks forming the constituted the fill of a marine back-arc basin that existed in the Mesozoic and was parallel to the present-day coast. The west-dipping Chonta Fault existed as a normal fault within this basin and allowed continued basin subsidence and sediment accumulation in the Mesozoic. The onset of Andean orogeny first caused the basin to rise and dry up with red beds being deposited in its eastern part. Then the sedimentary basin was subject of a complete basin inversion. During deformation Chonta Fault acted as a barrier "damming-up" folded and thrusted strata west of it. This makes the fault define the limits of two different styles of thin-skinned deformation within the belt. The fault was reactivated as an inverse fault during basin inversion in the Eocene. The unconformity that cuts across the show the Incaic Phase of the Andean orogeny ended no later than 33 million years ago in the earliest Oligocene. Above this unconformity the belt is overlain by volcanic rocks of Late Eocene to Miocene age. The parts of the belt are intruded by plutons of the Coastal Batholith of Peru. There are various mineralizations of base metals and precious metals in the belt, being particularly common along Chonta Fault. Most mineralizations are either of epithermal, porphyry or skarn type | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51651154 |
Marañón fold and thrust belt The most common ore metals in the mineralizations of the belt are zinc, copper, gold, lead, tungsten and silver. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51651154 |
Huw Davies (chemist) Huw M. L. Davies FRSC is a British chemist who has been Asa Griggs Candler Professor of Organic Chemistry at Emory University since 2008. Born in Aberystwyth, Wales he graduated with a first-class degree in Chemistry from Cardiff University in 1977 and completed his PhD at the University of East Anglia in 1980. After a post-doctoral position at Princeton University he joined the faculty at Wake Forest University where he became a full professor. He subsequently joined the University at Buffalo where he held the positions of UB Distinguished Professor and Larkin Professor of Organic Chemistry. In 2008, he moved to Emory University. Professor Davies’ research involves the development of new synthetic methods and their applications in total synthesis and drug discovery. His program covers design of chiral catalysts, carbenoid chemistry, development of new synthetic methodology, total synthesis of biologically active natural products, and development of chiral therapeutic agents. Many research groups have used his chiral dirhodium catalysts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51653153 |
Tlalocite is a rare and complex tellurate mineral with the formula CuZn(TeO)(TeO)(OH)Cl · 27 HO. It has a Mohs hardness of 1, and a cyan color. It was named after Tlaloc, the Aztec god of rain, in allusion to the high amount of water contained within the crystal structure. It is not to be confused with quetzalcoatlite, which often looks similar in color and habit. was first identified in the Bambollite mine (La Oriental), Moctezuma, Municipio de Moctezuma, Sonora, Mexico and it was approved by the IMA in 1974. It often occurs together with tenorite, azurite, malachite and tlapallite. It is found in partially oxidized portions of tellurium-bearing hydrothermal veins. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51663914 |
Multi-component gas analyzer system A multi-component gas analyzer system (Multi-GAS) is an instrument package used to take real-time high-resolution measurements of volcanic gas plumes. A Multi-GAS package includes an infrared spectrometer for CO, two electrochemical sensors for SO and HS, and pressure–temperature–humidity sensors, all in a weatherproof box weighing approximately 3 kg, as well as radio transmitters to transmit data to remote locations. The instrument package is portable, and its operation and data analysis are simple enough to be conducted by non-specialists. Multi-GAS instruments have been used to measure volcanic gas plumes at Mount Etna, Stromboli, Vulcano Italy, Villarrica (volcano) Chile, Masaya Volcano Nicaragua, Mount Yasur and Ambrym Vanuatu, Miyake-jima and Mount Asama Japan, Soufrière Hills Montserrat, with permanent installations at Etna and Stromboli. Multi-GAS measurements of CO/SO ratios can allow detection of the pre-eruptive degassing of rising magmas, improving prediction of volcanic activity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51682055 |
Geoffrey Ozin Geoffrey Alan Stuart Ozin FRSC (born 23 August 1943) is a British chemist, currently Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Materials Chemistry and Distinguished University Professor at the University of Toronto. He graduated with a first-class honours degree in chemistry from King's College London in 1965, and obtained his PhD in inorganic chemistry at Oriel College, Oxford in 1967. He was awarded the Meldola Medal and Prize in (1972), the Rutherford Memorial Medal in 1982, and the Albert Einstein World Award of Science in 2011. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51689283 |
ContraPest is a contraceptive pest control product designed to reduce fertility in brown and black rats, developed by the U.S. biotechnology company SenesTech. It is a flavored liquid, designed to be attractive to, and to be consumed by, the target animals in order to reduce the population over time. is a contraceptive, not a sterilant, so a continuous supply maintains reduced populations. was initially tested in Indonesian rice fields, South Carolina pig farms, the suburbs of Boston and the New York City subway, and caused a reduction in rat populations of roughly 40% over a period of 12 weeks. The product was approved for commercial use by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in August 2016. The formula was originally used by Dr. Loretta Mayer and Dr. Cheryl Dyer as part of a research program to study heart disease in post-menopausal women through menopausal mice. The active ingredient of is the chemical 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD), which is a known killer of oocytes in immature ovarian follicles. also contains triptolide, which the company reports has adverse reproductive effects on both males and females. Currently the city of Washington D.C. is utilizing a 5,000 unit, four-year supply of for all eight wards of the city in an attempt to combat the rat population. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51690931 |
Georg Gottlieb Pusch or in Polish Jerzy Bogumił Pusz (15 December 1790, Kohren - 2.October 1846, Warsaw) was a German geologist. He wrote "Geognostischer Katechismus oder Anweisung zum praktischen Geognosiren für angehende Bergleute und Geognosten" Craz und Gerlach., Freiburg 1819., 212 S Pusch described in Pusch, G. G., 1837 "Polens Paläontologie : oder, Abbildung und Beschreibung der vorzüglichsten und der noch unbeschriebenen Petrefakten aus den Gebirgsformationen in Polen, Volhynien und den Karpathen nebst einigen allgemeinen Beiträgen zur Petrefaktenkunde und einem Versuch zur Vervollständigung der Geschechte des europäischen Auer-Ochsen" Stuttgart : E. Schweizerbart's Verlagshandlung, 1837. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51708042 |
NGC 241 is an open cluster located in the constellation Tucana. It is located within the Small Magellanic Cloud. It was discovered on April 11, 1834 by John Herschel. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51724045 |
NGC 251 is a spiral galaxy in the constellation of Pisces. It was discovered on October 15, 1784, by Frederick William Herschel. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51738547 |
NGC 252 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Andromeda. It was discovered by William Herschel in 1786. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51738615 |
NGC 254 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Sculptor. It was discovered by John Herschel in 1834. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51738760 |
NGC 255 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered on November 27, 1785, by Frederick William Herschel. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51738816 |
1566 celestial phenomenon over Basel The was a series of mass sightings of celestial phenomena above Basel, Switzerland. The Basel pamphlet of 1566 describes unusual sunrises and sunsets. Celestial phenomena were said to have "fought" together in the form of numerous red and black balls in the sky before the rising sun. The report is discussed among historians and meteorologists. The phenomenon has been interpreted by some ufologists to be a sky battle between unidentified flying objects. The leaflet written by historian Samuel Coccius reported it as a religious event. The Basel pamphlet of 1566 is not the only one of its kind. In the 15th and 16th centuries, many leaflets wrote of "miracles" and "sky spectacles". The event is reported to have taken place in Basel, Switzerland in 1566. According to Samuel Coccius, on 27-28 July and 7 August, many local witnesses in Basel reported seeing three celestial phenomena. The first is described as an unusual sunrise, the second as a total eclipse of the moon with a red sun rising, and the third like a cloud of black spheres in front of the sun. The text of the broadsheet can be translated as giving the following description of the event: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51739577 |
Alkali metal nitrate Alkali metal nitrates are chemical compounds consisting of an alkali metal (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and caesium) and the nitrate ion. Only two are of major commercial value, the sodium and potassium salts. They are white, water-soluble salts with relatively similar melting points. The main uses of alkali metal nitrates are in fertilizers in the case of the sodium and potassium derivatives. They are also commonly used in explosives and pyrotechnic compositions; they are strong oxidizers. Other uses are for coloring in fireworks: caesium nitrate produces an indigo color, potassium nitrate and rubidium nitrate produce violet colors, lithium nitrate produces a red color, and sodium nitrate produces a yellow color. Sodium and potassium nitrate are also commonly used as fertilisers. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51746867 |
NGC 256 (also known as ESO 29-SC11) is open cluster in the Tucana constellation. It was discovered by John Frederick William Herschel on April 11, 1834. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51757408 |
NGC 257 is a spiral galaxy in the Pisces constellation. It was discovered on December 29, 1790, by Frederick William Herschel. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51757457 |
NGC 258 is a lenticular galaxy located in the Andromeda constellation. It was discovered by George Stoney in 1848. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51757526 |
NGC 259 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered by William Herschel in 1786. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51757886 |
Rosemary Redfield Rosemary Jeanne Redfield is a microbiologist at the University of British Columbia where she has worked as a faculty member in the Department of Zoology since 1993. Redfield completed her undergraduate degree in biochemistry at Monash University. She continued her education at McMaster University where she completed her MSc in 1980. Her thesis titled, "Methylation and chromatin conformation of adenovirus type 12 DNA sequences in transformed cells," dealt with the chromatin structure and SDNA methylation. Redfield received her PhD in Biological Sciences from Stanford University under Allan M. Campbell. Redfield completed postdoctoral work at Harvard University with Richard Charles Lewontin and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine with Hamilton O. Smith, an American microbiologist and 1978 Nobel Laureate. She played an early role in the refutation of the GFAJ-1 "arsenic life" results of Felisa Wolfe-Simon. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51758796 |
NGC 260 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Andromeda. It was discovered on August 27, 1865 by Heinrich d'Arrest. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51777563 |
Cosmic wind is a powerful cosmic force that can push interstellar dust clouds of low density into intergalactic space. Although it easily pushes low density gas and dust clouds, it can not easily push high density clouds. As the cosmic winds start to push the clouds, they start to separate and start looking like taffy being pulled apart. It has a primary composition of photons ejected from large stars and sometimes thermal energy from exploding stars. It can be caused by orbital motion of gas in the cluster of a galaxy, or can be ejected from a black hole. Because new stars and planets form from gases, the cosmic winds that push the gases away are preventing new stars from forming. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51779233 |
Marcos Nogueira Eberlin (born 4 March 1959) is a Brazilian chemist and former professor at the Institute of Chemistry of the University of Campinas. He is a member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences and received the Brazilian National Order of Scientific Merit in 2005 and the Thomson Medal in 2016. Eberlin discovered the Eberlin Reaction during his work on gas phase ion chemistry, and he and his research group introduced EASI (Easy Ambient Sonic-spray Ionization), an ionization technique used in mass spectrometry. Eberlin is an advocate of intelligent design in Brazil, a pseudoscience on which he also lectures and he has signed the Dissent From Darwinism statement. He is a creationist also, and has said that evolution theory is a fallacy. His daughter, Livia S. Eberlin, is also a chemist who won the MacArthur "Genius" Fellowship in 2018 for her research on the use of mass spectrometry to diagnose cancer. Eberlin and his daughter have worked together on a different project, using mass spectrometry to detect counterfeit money. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51797273 |
NGC 263 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered in 1886 by Francis Leavenworth. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51811236 |
NGC 264 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Sculptor. It was discovered on August 30, 1834 by John Herschel. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51836581 |
NGC 267 is an open cluster in the Small Magellanic Cloud. It is located in the constellation Tucana. It was discovered on October 4, 1836 by John Herschel. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51836625 |
NGC 268 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered on November 22, 1785 by William Herschel. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51836644 |
Aleksandr Iosifovich Popov (; 7 June 1913 in Dorpat, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire – 23 April 1993 in Moscow, Russia) was a Soviet permafrost researcher at the Moscow State University. He served as head of the Department of Cryolithology and Glaciology. Popov was a member of the International Commission on Periglacial Morphology of the International Geographical Union. He organized and led numerous expeditions to investigate permafrost and deep seasonal freezing in the Soviet Union. Popov edited the geocryological map of the Soviet Union that was published in 1986. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51841948 |
Starobinsky inflation is a modification of general relativity in order to explain cosmological inflation. In the Soviet Union, Alexei Starobinsky noted that quantum corrections to general relativity should be important for the early universe. These generically lead to curvature-squared corrections to the Einstein–Hilbert action and a form of "f"("R") modified gravity. The solution to Einstein's equations in the presence of curvature squared terms, when the curvatures are large, leads to an effective cosmological constant. Therefore, he proposed that the early universe went through an inflationary de Sitter era. This resolved the cosmology problems and led to specific predictions for the corrections to the microwave background radiation, corrections that were then calculated in detail. Starobinsky used the action where formula_2 and formula_3 is the Ricci scalar. This action corresponds to the potential formula_4 in the Einstein frame. gives a prediction for the observables of the spectral tilt formula_5 and the tensor-scalar ratio formula_6: formula_7 where formula_8 is the number of e-foldings since the horizon crossing. As formula_9, these are compatible with experimental data, with 2018 CMB data from the Planck satellite giving a constraint of formula_10 (95% confidence) and formula_11 (68% confidence). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51859663 |
Bregman Lagrangian The Bregman-Lagrangian framework permits a systematic understanding of the matching rates associated with higher-order gradient methods in discrete and continuous time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51863718 |
Paleosurface In geology and geomorphology a paleosurface is a surface made by erosion of considerable antiquity. Paleosurfaces might be flat or uneven in some cases having considerable relief. Flat and large paleosurfaces —that is planation surfaces— have higher potential to be preserved than small and irregular surfaces and are thus the most studied kind of paleosurfaces. Irregular paleosurfaces, albeit usually smaller than flat ones, occur across the globe, one example being the Sudetes etchsurfaces. In the case of peneplains it is argued that they become paleosurfaces once they are detached from the base level they grade to. Paleosurfaces form an important part of the geologic record in that they represent geological and geomorphological events. Traditionally geologist and geomorphologist view paleosurfaces differently. Geologists look into the endogenic or constructive processes occurring to create that surface, such as crustal uplift and igneous activity. The stratigraphic record is valued by geologists allowing for a broader range of surface types to be considered. However, when paleosurfaces are viewed by geomorphologists the exogenic or deconstructive processes are considered. This is because geomorphologists are primarily concerned with erosional and weathering processes. Geomorphologist Richard Huggett lists paleosurfaces as one of various categorizations of paleoplains. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51895292 |
Roivant Sciences Ltd. is a pharmaceutical company founded in 2014 by Vivek Ramaswamy. Vivek Ramaswamy founded in 2014. Focused on aligning incentives and improving capital efficiency, Ramaswamy's initial strategy was to in-license drug candidates and create subsidiaries focused on distinct therapeutic areas. Roivant also develops healthcare technologies through subsidiaries such as Datavant, which helps healthcare institutions share and aggregate data, and Lokavant, which integrates clinical trial data sources to identify and mitigate risks in pharmaceutical development. In addition to Vivek Ramaswamy, the company's leadership includes: Mayukh Sukhatme, Matthew Gline, Eric Venker, Rakhi Kumar, and Ben Zimmer. As of 2017, Roivant was valued at $7 billion. As of April 2020, the company's subsidiaries include: The following subsidiaries were previously a part of Roivant, but were included as part of a strategic transaction with Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma which closed in December 2019: In June 2018, Roivant laid off 67 employees and reassigned 130 to subsidiaries. In December 2019, Roivant transferred five of its subsidiaries for dollars — Myovant, Urovant, Enzyvant, Altavant and Spirovant, in addition to a greater than 10% share in itself — to Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma. In March of 2020, Roivant announced it is developing gimsilumab, an anti-GM-CSF monoclonal antibody, to prevent and treat acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with COVID-19 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51897188 |
Roivant Sciences In April 2020, Roivant started giving US COVID-19 patients their experimental medicine, Gimsilumab. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51897188 |
Lacy Overby Lacy Rasco Overby (27 July 1920 - 5 December 1994) was a virologist known for his contributions to Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C research. He earned bachelor's, master's and doctorate degrees in science and physics at Vanderbilt University (BA, 1941; MS, 1945; PhD, 1951). He was awarded the Karl Landsteiner Memorial Award of the American Association of Blood Banks in 1992 together with Harvey J. Alter, Daniel W. Bradley, Qui-Lim Choo, Michael Houghton and George Kuo. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51899423 |
NGC 271 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered on October 1, 1785 by William Herschel. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51903477 |
Pauline Dy Phon (ប៉ូលីន ឌី ផុន) (1933-21 May 2010) was a Cambodian botanist who specialized in the flora of South East Asia. Coming to study in France, she obtained her license in 1959 at the Faculty of Sciences in Paris. She became teacher and researcher at the University of Phnom Penh, though in 1975 she was forced to stop work because the Khmer Rouge came to power. In 1980, she managed to flee to France and work in the Botanical Laboratory of the National Museum of Natural History. In the same institution she contributed significantly to identifying and classifying plants of Cambodia and Indochina, which remain relatively unknown. In 1980 she was awarded the Prix de Coincy by the Académie des Sciences. She published a 915-page directory of the "Dictionary of plants used in Cambodia" in 2000. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51909382 |
Spin gapless semiconductor Spin gapless semiconductors are a novel class of materials with unique electrical band structure for different spin channels in such a way that there is no band gap (i.e., 'gapless') for one spin channel while there is a finite gap in another spin channel. In a spin-gapless semiconductor, conduction and valence band edges touch, so that no threshold energy is required to move electrons from occupied (valence) states to empty (conduction) states. This gives spin-gapless semiconductors unique properties: namely that their band structures are extremely sensitive to external influences (e.g., pressure or magnetic field). Because very little energy is needed to excite electrons in an SGS, charge concentrations are very easily ‘tuneable’. For example, this can be done by introducing a new element (doping) or by application of a magnetic or electric field (gating). A new type of SGS identified in 2017, known as Dirac-type linear spin-gapless semiconductors, has linear dispersion and is considered an ideal platform for massless and dissipationless spintronics because spin-orbital coupling opens a gap for the spin fully polarized conduction and valence band, and as a result, the interior of the sample becomes an insulator, however, an electrical current can flow without resistance at the sample edge. This effect, the quantum anomalous Hall effect has only previously been realised in magnetically doped topological insulators | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51921147 |
Spin gapless semiconductor As well as Dirac/linear SGSs, the other major category of SGS are parabolic spin gapless semiconductors. Electron mobility in such materials is two to four orders of magnitude higher than in classical semiconductors. SGSs are topologically non-trivial. The spin gapless semiconductor was first proposed as a new spintronics concept and a new class of candidate spintronic materials in 2008 in a paper by Xiaolin Wang of the University of Wollongong in Australia. The dependence of bandgap on spin direction leads to high carrier-spin-polarization, and offers promising spin-controlled electronic and magnetic properties for spintronics applications. The spin gapless semiconductor is a promising candidate material for spintronics because its charged particles can be fully spin-polarised, so that spin can be controlled via only a small applied external energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=51921147 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.