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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_file_archivers', 'title': 'Comparison of file archivers', 'header': ['File archivers', 'Creator ( s )', 'First public release date', 'Latest stable version', 'Cost ( USD )', 'Software license'], 'data': [{'value': '7-Zip', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/7-Zip', 'summary': '7-Zip is a free and open-source file archiver , a utility used to place groups of files within compressed containers known as archives . It is developed by Igor Pavlov and was first released in 1999 . 7-Zip uses its own 7z archive format , but can read and write several other archive formats . The program can be used from a command-line interface as the command p7zip , or through a graphical user interface that also features shell integration . Most of the 7-Zip source code is under the GNU LGPL license ; the unRAR code , however , is under the GNU LGPL with an unRAR restriction , which states that developers are not permitted to use the code to reverse-engineer the RAR compression algorithm .'}]}, {'value': 'Igor Pavlov', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'January 2 , 1999 ; 21 years ago ( 1999-01-02 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19.00 February 21 , 2019 ; 11 months ago ( 2019-02-21 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Free', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LGPL ( RAR plugin is proprietary )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License', 'summary': "The GNU Lesser General Public License ( LGPL ) is a free-software license published by the Free Software Foundation ( FSF ) . The license allows developers and companies to use and integrate a software component released under the LGPL into their own ( even proprietary ) software without being required by the terms of a strong copyleft license to release the source code of their own components . However , any developer who modifies an LGPL-covered component is required to make their modified version available under the same LGPL license . For proprietary software , code under the LGPL is usually used in the form of a shared library , so that there is a clear separation between the proprietary and LGPL components . The LGPL is primarily used for software libraries , although it is also used by some stand-alone applications . The LGPL was developed as a compromise between the strong copyleft of the GNU General Public License ( GPL ) and more permissive licenses such as the BSD licenses and the MIT License . The word Lesser in the title shows that the LGPL does not guarantee the end user 's complete freedom in the use of software ; it only guarantees the freedom of modification for components licensed under the LGPL , but not for any proprietary components ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Proprietary_software', 'summary': "Proprietary software , also known as closed-source software , is non-free computer software for which the software 's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights - usually copyright of the source code , but sometimes patent rights ."}]}, {'value': 'ALZip', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ALZip', 'summary': 'ALZip is an archive and compression utility from ESTsoft for Microsoft Windows . ALZip is a file compression program that can unzip 40 different zip file archives . ALZip can zip files into 8 different archives such as ZIP , EGG , TAR and others . In ALZip version 8 , ALZips own EGG format , that Unicode and other powerful function supported , can be used .'}]}, {'value': 'ESTsoft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ESTsoft', 'summary': 'Founded in 1993 , ESTsoft is a South Korean application software development company . Its software ranges from desktop to business software for enterprises .'}]}, {'value': '1999 ; 21 years ago ( 1999 ) ( as a WinZip translation )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8.51.0.0 ( 9 September 2011 ; 8 years ago ( 2011-09-09 ) ) [ ± ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': "A free general serial number was published on developer 's website altools.com in August 2012", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Proprietary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Proprietary_software', 'summary': "Proprietary software , also known as closed-source software , is non-free computer software for which the software 's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights - usually copyright of the source code , but sometimes patent rights ."}]}, {'value': 'ALZip for Mac', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ALZip_for_Mac', 'summary': 'ALZip is an archive and compression utility from ESTsoft for Microsoft Windows . ALZip is a file compression program that can unzip 40 different zip file archives . ALZip can zip files into 8 different archives such as ZIP , EGG , TAR and others . In ALZip version 8 , ALZips own EGG format , that Unicode and other powerful function supported , can be used .'}]}, {'value': 'ESTsoft', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ESTsoft', 'summary': 'Founded in 1993 , ESTsoft is a South Korean application software development company . Its software ranges from desktop to business software for enterprises .'}]}, {'value': '1999 ; 21 years ago ( 1999 ) ( as a WinZip translation )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.11 ( June 13 , 2012 ; 7 years ago ( 2012-06-13 ) ) [ ± ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': "A free general serial number was published on developer 's website altools.com in August 2012", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Proprietary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Proprietary_software', 'summary': "Proprietary software , also known as closed-source software , is non-free computer software for which the software 's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights - usually copyright of the source code , but sometimes patent rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Archive Manager', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Archive_Manager', 'summary': 'Archive Manager ( previously File Roller ) is the archive manager of the GNOME desktop environment .'}]}, {'value': 'Paolo Bacchilega', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 12 , 2001 ; 18 years ago ( 2001-05-12 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3.32.1 April 8 , 2019 ; 10 months ago ( 2019-04-08 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Free', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GPL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License', 'summary': "The GNU General Public License ( GNU GPL or GPL ) is a widely used free software license that guarantees end users the freedom to run , study , share , and modify the software . The license was originally written by Richard Stallman , former head of the Free Software Foundation ( FSF ) , for the GNU Project , and grants the recipients of a computer program the rights of the Free Software Definition . The GPL is a copyleft license , which means that derivative work must be distributed under the same or equivalent license terms . This is in distinction to permissive software licenses , of which the BSD licenses and the MIT License are widely-used less-restrictive examples . GPL was the first copyleft license for general use . Historically , the GPL license family has been one of the most popular software licenses in the free and open-source software domain . Prominent free-software programs licensed under the GPL include the Linux kernel and the GNU Compiler Collection ( GCC ) . David A. Wheeler argues that the copyleft provided by the GPL was crucial to the success of Linux-based systems , giving the programmers who contributed to the kernel the assurance that their work would benefit the whole world and remain free , rather than being exploited by software companies that would not have to give anything back to the community . In 2007 , the third version of the license ( GPLv3 ) was released to address some perceived problems with the second version ( GPLv2 ) which were discovered during the latter 's long-time usage . To keep the license up to date , the GPL license includes an optional any later version clause , allowing users to choose between the original terms or the terms in new versions as updated by the FSF . Developers can omit it when licensing their software ; the Linux kernel , for instance , is licensed under GPLv2 without the any later version clause ."}]}, {'value': 'Archive Utility', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Archive_Utility', 'summary': 'This is a list of macOS ( earlier called Mac OS X and OS X ) components , features that are included in the current Mac operating system .'}]}, {'value': 'Apple Inc', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Apple_Inc.', 'summary': "Apple Inc. is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Cupertino , California , that designs , develops , and sells consumer electronics , computer software , and online services . The company 's hardware products include the iPhone smartphone , the iPad tablet computer , the Mac personal computer , the iPod portable media player , the Apple Watch smartwatch , the Apple TV digital media player , the AirPods wireless earbuds and the HomePod smart speaker . Apple 's software includes the macOS , iOS , iPadOS , watchOS , and tvOS operating systems , the iTunes media player , the Safari web browser , the Shazam acoustic fingerprint utility , and the iLife and iWork creativity and productivity suites , as well as professional applications like Final Cut Pro , Logic Pro , and Xcode . Its online services include the iTunes Store , the iOS App Store , Mac App Store , Apple Music , Apple TV+ , iMessage , and iCloud . Other services include Apple Store , Genius Bar , AppleCare , Apple Pay , Apple Pay Cash , and Apple Card . Apple was founded by Steve Jobs , Steve Wozniak , and Ronald Wayne in April 1976 to develop and sell Wozniak 's Apple I personal computer , though Wayne sold his share back within 12 days . It was incorporated as Apple Computer , Inc. , in January 1977 , and sales of its computers , including the Apple II , grew quickly . Within a few years , Jobs and Wozniak had hired a staff of computer designers and had a production line . Apple went public in 1980 to instant financial success . Over the next few years , Apple shipped new computers featuring innovative graphical user interfaces , such as the original Macintosh in 1984 , and Apple 's marketing advertisements for its products received widespread critical acclaim . However , the high price of its products and limited application library caused problems , as did power struggles between executives . In 1985 , Wozniak departed Apple amicably and remained an honorary employee , while Jobs and others resigned to found NeXT ."}]}, {'value': 'October 24 , 2003 ; 16 years ago ( 2003-10-24 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10.10 ( October 16 , 2014 ; 5 years ago ( 2014-10-16 ) ) [ ± ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Included with Mac OS X Core Services', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mac_OS_X', 'summary': "macOS ( /ˌmækoʊˈɛs/ ; previously Mac OS X and later OS X ) is a series of proprietary graphical operating systems developed and marketed by Apple Inc. since 2001 . It is the primary operating system for Apple 's Mac computers . Within the market of desktop , laptop and home computers , and by web usage , it is the second most widely used desktop OS , after Microsoft Windows . macOS is the second major series of Macintosh operating systems . The first is colloquially called the classic Mac OS , which was introduced in 1984 , and the final release of which was Mac OS 9 in 1999 . The first desktop version , Mac OS X 10.0 , was released in March 2001 , with its first update , 10.1 , arriving later that year . After this , Apple began naming its releases after big cats , which lasted until OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion . Since OS X 10.9 Mavericks , releases have been named after locations in California . Apple shortened the name to OS X in 2012 and then changed it to macOS in 2016 , adopting the nomenclature that they were using for their other operating systems , iOS , watchOS , and tvOS . The latest version is macOS Catalina , which was publicly released in October 2019 . Between 1999 and 2009 , Apple sold a separate series of operating systems called Mac OS X Server . The initial version , Mac OS X Server 1.0 , was released in 1999 with a user interface similar to Mac OS 8.5 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Core_Services', 'summary': 'Core Services are a set of macOS and iOS application programming interfaces that architecturally are underneath Carbon , Cocoa and Cocoa Touch . In addition to Core Foundation , it also encompasses other APIs including Grand Central Dispatch , Blocks , CFNetwork , CarbonCore , OSServices , and WebServicesCore .'}]}, {'value': 'Proprietary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Proprietary_software', 'summary': "Proprietary software , also known as closed-source software , is non-free computer software for which the software 's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights - usually copyright of the source code , but sometimes patent rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Ark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ark_(software)', 'summary': 'Ark is a file archiver and compressor developed by KDE and included in the KDE Applications software bundle . It supports various common archive and compression formats including zip , 7z , rar , lha and tar ( both uncompressed and compressed with e.g . gzip , bzip2 , lzip or xz ) .'}]}, {'value': 'KDE team', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KDE', 'summary': "KDE is an international free software community developing Free and Open Source software . As a central development hub , it provides tools and resources that allow collaborative work on this kind of software . Well-known products include the Plasma Desktop , Frameworks and a range of cross-platform applications like Krita or digiKam designed to run on Unix and Unix-like desktops , Microsoft Windows and Android . Being one of KDE 's most recognized projects , the Plasma Desktop is the default desktop environment on many Linux distributions , such as Fedora KDE Plasma Desktop Edition , KDE neon. , KaOS , Kubuntu , Manjaro KDE Edition , Netrunner , PCLinuxOS , openSUSE and Solus Plasma ."}]}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19.4.3 July 9 , 2019 ; 6 months ago ( 2019-07-09 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Free', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GPL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License', 'summary': "The GNU General Public License ( GNU GPL or GPL ) is a widely used free software license that guarantees end users the freedom to run , study , share , and modify the software . The license was originally written by Richard Stallman , former head of the Free Software Foundation ( FSF ) , for the GNU Project , and grants the recipients of a computer program the rights of the Free Software Definition . The GPL is a copyleft license , which means that derivative work must be distributed under the same or equivalent license terms . This is in distinction to permissive software licenses , of which the BSD licenses and the MIT License are widely-used less-restrictive examples . GPL was the first copyleft license for general use . Historically , the GPL license family has been one of the most popular software licenses in the free and open-source software domain . Prominent free-software programs licensed under the GPL include the Linux kernel and the GNU Compiler Collection ( GCC ) . David A. Wheeler argues that the copyleft provided by the GPL was crucial to the success of Linux-based systems , giving the programmers who contributed to the kernel the assurance that their work would benefit the whole world and remain free , rather than being exploited by software companies that would not have to give anything back to the community . In 2007 , the third version of the license ( GPLv3 ) was released to address some perceived problems with the second version ( GPLv2 ) which were discovered during the latter 's long-time usage . To keep the license up to date , the GPL license includes an optional any later version clause , allowing users to choose between the original terms or the terms in new versions as updated by the FSF . Developers can omit it when licensing their software ; the Linux kernel , for instance , is licensed under GPLv2 without the any later version clause ."}]}, {'value': 'B1 Free Archiver', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/B1_Free_Archiver', 'summary': 'B1 Free Archiver is a proprietary freeware multi-platform file archiver and file manager . B1 Archiver is available for Microsoft Windows , Linux , macOS , and Android . It has full support ( compression , unpacking and encryption ) for ZIP and its native B1 format . The program decompresses more than 20 popular archive formats . It creates split and encrypted archives . B1 Free Archiver is translated into more than 30 languages . Translations are made by volunteers through the Crowdin localization management platform . The program can be used through graphical user interface or command line interface . B1 Free Archiver is written in C++/Qt and is released under a proprietary license .'}]}, {'value': 'Adam Buyer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'August 2011 ; 8 years ago ( 2011-08 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.5.86 November 25 , 2013 ; 6 years ago ( 2013-11-25 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Free', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Proprietary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Proprietary_software', 'summary': "Proprietary software , also known as closed-source software , is non-free computer software for which the software 's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights - usually copyright of the source code , but sometimes patent rights ."}]}, {'value': 'BetterZip', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BetterZip', 'summary': 'BetterZip is a trialware file archiver developed by Robert Rezabek , and first released in May 2006.It is developed solely for the macOS platform . Unlike the built-in Archive Utility from Apple it includes the ability to extract and compress in many archive formats , as well as the ability to view an archive and selectively extract files without automatically extracting the entire contents .'}]}, {'value': 'BetterZip', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 2006 ; 13 years ago ( 2006-05 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2.3.4 ( December 1 , 2014 ; 5 years ago ( 2014-12-01 ) ) [ ± ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '$ 19.95 USD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Proprietary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Proprietary_software', 'summary': "Proprietary software , also known as closed-source software , is non-free computer software for which the software 's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights - usually copyright of the source code , but sometimes patent rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Commander One', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Commander_One', 'summary': 'Commander One is a dual-pane file manager for macOS , created entirely in Swift . The app is developed by Eltima Software . Apart from basic operations such as creating and managing folders , deleting , copying , moving and renaming files , it also provides functionality that default OS X file manager does not . The app exploits the classic dual-pane interface ideology , offers multi-tab browsing , advanced search , hotkeys setup , ZIP support ; displays hidden files , allows renaming files or folders when moving , working with local and network drives . So-called Brief mode is meant for browsing many files and folders . There is a paid edition of this application known as PRO Pack . Its extra benefits include built-in FTP client ; ability to mount MTP and iOS devices ; RAR , TBZ , TGZ , 7z formats support ; Dropbox integration ; Terminal emulator and more . Positioned as an app for Mac power users , Commander One replicates the functionality of a namebrand dual-pane file manager , but also has features aimed specifically at OS X users .'}]}, {'value': 'Eltima Software', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'August 4 , 2015 ; 4 years ago ( 2015-08-04 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.1 September 29 , 2015 ; 4 years ago ( 2015-09-29 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Standard Free ; $ 29.95 Pro Pack', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Proprietary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Proprietary_software', 'summary': "Proprietary software , also known as closed-source software , is non-free computer software for which the software 's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights - usually copyright of the source code , but sometimes patent rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Compressed Folders', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ZIP_(file_format)', 'summary': "ZIP is an archive file format that supports lossless data compression . A ZIP file may contain one or more files or directories that may have been compressed . The ZIP file format permits a number of compression algorithms , though DEFLATE is the most common . This format was originally created in 1989 and released to the public domain on February 14 , 1989 by Phil Katz , and was first implemented in PKWARE , Inc. 's PKZIP utility , as a replacement for the previous ARC compression format by Thom Henderson . The ZIP format was then quickly supported by many software utilities other than PKZIP . Microsoft has included built-in ZIP support ( under the name compressed folders ) in versions of Microsoft Windows since 1998 . Apple has included built-in ZIP support in Mac OS X 10.3"}]}, {'value': 'Microsoft Inc', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Microsoft_Inc.', 'summary': "Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond , Washington . It develops , manufactures , licenses , supports , and sells computer software , consumer electronics , personal computers , and related services . Its best known software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems , the Microsoft Office suite , and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers . Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface lineup of touchscreen personal computers . In 2016 , it was the world 's largest software maker by revenue ( currently Alphabet/Google has more revenue ) . The word Microsoft is a portmanteau of microcomputer and software . Microsoft is ranked No . 30 in the 2018 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue . Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen on April 4 , 1975 , to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800 . It rose to dominate the personal computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s , followed by Microsoft Windows . The company 's 1986 initial public offering ( IPO ) , and subsequent rise in its share price , created three billionaires and an estimated 12,000 millionaires among Microsoft employees . Since the 1990s , it has increasingly diversified from the operating system market and has made a number of corporate acquisitions , their largest being the acquisition of LinkedIn for $ 26.2 billion in December 2016 , followed by their acquisition of Skype Technologies for $ 8.5 billion in May 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'June 25 , 1998 ; 21 years ago ( 1998-06-25 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Windows 8.1 August 27 , 2013 ; 6 years ago ( 2013-08-27 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Windows_8.1', 'summary': "Windows 8.1 is a personal computer operating system that was produced by Microsoft and released as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems . It was released to manufacturing on August 27 , 2013 , and reached general availability on October 17 , 2013 , about a year after the retail release of its predecessor . Windows 8.1 was made available as a free upgrade for retail copies of Windows 8 and Windows RT users via the Windows Store . Microsoft ended mainstream support for Windows 8.1 on January 9 , 2018 , but extended support will not end until January 10 , 2023 . Windows 8.1 aimed to address complaints of Windows 8 users and reviewers on launch . Visible enhancements include an improved Start screen , additional snap views , additional bundled apps , tighter OneDrive ( formerly SkyDrive ) integration , Internet Explorer 11 , a Bing-powered unified search system , restoration of a visible Start button on the taskbar , and the ability to restore the previous behavior of opening the user 's desktop on login instead of the Start screen . Windows 8.1 also added support for such emerging technologies as high-resolution displays , 3D printing , Wi-Fi Direct , and Miracast streaming , as well as the ReFS file system . Windows 8.1 received more positive reception than Windows 8 , with critics praising the expanded functionality available to apps in comparison to Windows 8 , its OneDrive integration , along with its user interface tweaks and the addition of expanded tutorials for operating the Windows 8 interface . Despite these improvements , Windows 8.1 was still criticised for not addressing all digressions of Windows 8 ( such as a poor level of integration between Metro-style apps and the desktop interface ) , and the potential privacy implications of the expanded use of online services . As of February 2020 [ update ] , 4.82% of traditional PCs running Windows are running Windows 8.1 ."}]}, {'value': 'Included in Microsoft Windows Windows Explorer shell since Windows Me', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Microsoft_Windows', 'summary': "Microsoft Windows , commonly referred to as Windows , is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families , all of which are developed and marketed by Microsoft . Each family caters to a certain sector of the computing industry . Active Microsoft Windows families include Windows NT and Windows IoT ; these may encompass subfamilies , e.g . Windows Server or Windows Embedded Compact ( Windows CE ) . Defunct Microsoft Windows families include Windows 9x , Windows Mobile and Windows Phone . Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20 , 1985 , as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces ( GUIs ) . Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world 's personal computer ( PC ) market with over 90% market share , overtaking Mac OS , which had been introduced in 1984 . Apple came to see Windows as an unfair encroachment on their innovation in GUI development as implemented on products such as the Lisa and Macintosh ( eventually settled in court in Microsoft 's favor in 1993 ) . On PCs , Windows is still the most popular operating system . However , in 2014 , Microsoft admitted losing the majority of the overall operating system market to Android , because of the massive growth in sales of Android smartphones . In 2014 , the number of Windows devices sold was less than 25% that of Android devices sold . This comparison , however , may not be fully relevant , as the two operating systems traditionally target different platforms ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Windows_Explorer', 'summary': 'File Explorer , previously known as Windows Explorer , is a file manager application that is included with releases of the Microsoft Windows operating system from Windows 95 onwards . It provides a graphical user interface for accessing the file systems . It is also the component of the operating system that presents many user interface items on the screen such as the taskbar and desktop . Controlling the computer is possible without Windows Explorer running ( for example , the File | Run command in Task Manager on NT-derived versions of Windows will function without it , as will commands typed in a command prompt window ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Windows_Me', 'summary': 'Windows Millennium Edition , or Windows Me ( marketed with the pronunciation of the pronoun me and codenamed Millennium ) , is a graphical operating system developed by Microsoft as part of its Windows 9x family of operating systems . It is the successor to Windows 98 , and was released to manufacturing on June 19 , 2000 , with general availability on September 14 , 2000 . Windows Me was the last operating system released in the Windows 9x series which was targeted specifically at home PC users , and included Internet Explorer 5.5 , Windows Media Player 7 , and the then-new Windows Movie Maker software , which provided basic video editing and was designed to be easy to use for home users . Microsoft also incorporated features first introduced in Windows 2000 , which had been released as a business-oriented operating system seven months earlier , into the graphical user interface , shell , and Windows Explorer . Windows Me was a continuation of the Windows 9x model and still DOS-based like its predecessors , albeit with restricted access to real mode MS-DOS in order to decrease system boot time . In October 2001 , Windows XP was released to the public , and became the successor of Windows Me , popularizing most of its features and introducing more visual themes , while based upon the more stable Windows NT kernel .'}]}, {'value': 'Proprietary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Proprietary_software', 'summary': "Proprietary software , also known as closed-source software , is non-free computer software for which the software 's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights - usually copyright of the source code , but sometimes patent rights ."}]}, {'value': 'CRAX Commander', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CRAX_Commander', 'summary': "Crax Commander , stylized CRAX , is a dual pane , orthodox file manager for macOS , written in the programming language Objective-C . The app is currently developed by Soft4U2 ( Marcin Słowik ) and is one of several replacement apps for Apple 's Finder . The program 's look is similar to Finder , and it has many features and functions , so it is usable quickly as a replacement . The software uses the model of a dual-pane user interface , which is well-known from the domain of the Windows applications such as Total Commander . This approach assumes offering multi-tab browsing user interface with features enabling advanced search of files or folders , comparing files and folders , navigation in archive files , and a batch renaming tool with regular expression support . Such programs also include a built-in File Transfer Protocol ( FTP ) client , working with local and network drives , and a built-in file editor and viewer . Crax Commander improves productivity by offering user configurable keyboard shortcuts , built-in text editor with sync coloring , full user interface customizing including fonts and colors , archive support , and built in File Transfer Protocol ( FTP ) , Server Message Block ( SMB ) , Apple Filing Protocol ( AFP ) , SSH File Transfer Protocol ( SSH ) , and SSH File Transfer Protocol ( sFTP ) . The program is available in demo and paid versions and provides many tools that will help users to manage files and folders while exploiting the dual-pane graphical user interface design ."}]}, {'value': 'Soft4U2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'September 1 , 2013 ; 6 years ago ( 2013-09-01 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.10.9 March 2 , 2016 ; 3 years ago ( 2016-03-02 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '$ 19.99 USD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Proprietary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Proprietary_software', 'summary': "Proprietary software , also known as closed-source software , is non-free computer software for which the software 's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights - usually copyright of the source code , but sometimes patent rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Disk ARchiver', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DAR_(Disk_Archiver)', 'summary': 'dar ( disk archive ) is a computer program , a command-line archiving tool intended as a replacement for tar in Unix-like operating systems . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Denis Corbin', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002 ; 18 years ago ( 2002 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2.5.14 December 20 , 2017 ; 2 years ago ( 2017-12-20 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Free', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GPL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License', 'summary': "The GNU General Public License ( GNU GPL or GPL ) is a widely used free software license that guarantees end users the freedom to run , study , share , and modify the software . The license was originally written by Richard Stallman , former head of the Free Software Foundation ( FSF ) , for the GNU Project , and grants the recipients of a computer program the rights of the Free Software Definition . The GPL is a copyleft license , which means that derivative work must be distributed under the same or equivalent license terms . This is in distinction to permissive software licenses , of which the BSD licenses and the MIT License are widely-used less-restrictive examples . GPL was the first copyleft license for general use . Historically , the GPL license family has been one of the most popular software licenses in the free and open-source software domain . Prominent free-software programs licensed under the GPL include the Linux kernel and the GNU Compiler Collection ( GCC ) . David A. Wheeler argues that the copyleft provided by the GPL was crucial to the success of Linux-based systems , giving the programmers who contributed to the kernel the assurance that their work would benefit the whole world and remain free , rather than being exploited by software companies that would not have to give anything back to the community . In 2007 , the third version of the license ( GPLv3 ) was released to address some perceived problems with the second version ( GPLv2 ) which were discovered during the latter 's long-time usage . To keep the license up to date , the GPL license includes an optional any later version clause , allowing users to choose between the original terms or the terms in new versions as updated by the FSF . Developers can omit it when licensing their software ; the Linux kernel , for instance , is licensed under GPLv2 without the any later version clause ."}]}, {'value': 'Expander', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Haiku_Applications', 'summary': 'Haiku is a free and open-source operating system compatible with the now discontinued BeOS . Haiku applications are usually available as HPKGs ; however , unpackaged applications can be installed by using Haiku PackageInstaller for legacy BeOS apps or manually unzipping the install files into one of the non-packaged installation folders . Haiku comes with a set of mostly small yet essential applications . Core applications are an essential part of Haiku , as they serve many different purposes . Haiku also has some 3rd party applications to supplement the core applications . The applications are usually executed by double clicking on the icon .'}]}, {'value': 'Haiku , Inc', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Haiku,_Inc.', 'summary': 'Haiku is a free and open-source operating system compatible with the now discontinued BeOS . Its development began in 2001 , and the operating system became self-hosting in 2008 . The first alpha release was made in September 2009 , and the last was November 2012 ; the first beta was released in September 2018 . Haiku is supported by Haiku , Inc. , a non-profit organization based in Rochester , New York , United States , founded in 2003 by former project leader Michael Phipps . As of the June 2018 monthly activity report , Haiku developers had ported LibreOffice .'}]}, {'value': '2002 ; 18 years ago ( 2002 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'R1 Alpha 4.1 ( November 14 , 2012 ( 2012-11-14 ) ) [ ± ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Free', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MIT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MIT_License', 'summary': 'The MIT License is a permissive free software license originating at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) in the late 1980s . As a permissive license , it puts only very limited restriction on reuse and has , therefore , reasonable license compatibility . It is compatible because it can be re-licensed under other licenses . The MIT license is compatible with many copyleft licenses , such as the GNU General Public License ( GPL ) ; MIT licensed software can be re-licensed as GPL software , and integrated with other GPL software , but not the other way around . The MIT license also permits reuse within proprietary software , provided that either all copies of the licensed software include a copy of the MIT License terms and the copyright notice , or the software is re-licensed to remove this requirement . MIT-licensed software can also be re-licensed as proprietary software , which distinguishes it from copyleft software licenses . As of 2015 [ update ] , MIT was the most popular software license on GitHub , ahead of any GPL variant and other free and open-source software ( FOSS ) licenses . Notable projects that use the MIT License include the X Window System , Ruby on Rails , and Node.js .'}]}, {'value': 'Filzip', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Filzip', 'summary': 'Filzip is a freeware file archiver program for the Microsoft Windows platform . It was written by Philipp Engel . While free , the author does request donations to help the cost of development and reward him for his work . As of March 2019 , no new version has been released since version 3.0.6 . Filzip has been presumed unmaintained the software development .'}]}, {'value': 'Philipp Engel', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Unknown', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3.06 ( July 19 , 2006 ; 13 years ago ( 2006-07-19 ) ) [ ± ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Free', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Proprietary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Proprietary_software', 'summary': "Proprietary software , also known as closed-source software , is non-free computer software for which the software 's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights - usually copyright of the source code , but sometimes patent rights ."}]}, {'value': 'FreeArc', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FreeArc', 'summary': 'FreeArc is a free and open-source high-performance file archiver developed by Bulat Ziganshin . No information has been released by developers since 2016 and the official website is down . The project can be considered abandonware . A FreeArc Next version is under development , with version FA 0.11 released in October 2016 . The Next version supports 32- and 64-bit Windows and Linux and includes Zstandard support .'}]}, {'value': 'Bulat Ziganshin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'November 1 , 2007 ; 12 years ago ( 2007-11-01 ) v0.36', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0.666 ( May 20 , 2010 ; 9 years ago ( 2010-05-20 ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Free', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GPL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License', 'summary': "The GNU General Public License ( GNU GPL or GPL ) is a widely used free software license that guarantees end users the freedom to run , study , share , and modify the software . The license was originally written by Richard Stallman , former head of the Free Software Foundation ( FSF ) , for the GNU Project , and grants the recipients of a computer program the rights of the Free Software Definition . The GPL is a copyleft license , which means that derivative work must be distributed under the same or equivalent license terms . This is in distinction to permissive software licenses , of which the BSD licenses and the MIT License are widely-used less-restrictive examples . GPL was the first copyleft license for general use . Historically , the GPL license family has been one of the most popular software licenses in the free and open-source software domain . Prominent free-software programs licensed under the GPL include the Linux kernel and the GNU Compiler Collection ( GCC ) . David A. Wheeler argues that the copyleft provided by the GPL was crucial to the success of Linux-based systems , giving the programmers who contributed to the kernel the assurance that their work would benefit the whole world and remain free , rather than being exploited by software companies that would not have to give anything back to the community . In 2007 , the third version of the license ( GPLv3 ) was released to address some perceived problems with the second version ( GPLv2 ) which were discovered during the latter 's long-time usage . To keep the license up to date , the GPL license includes an optional any later version clause , allowing users to choose between the original terms or the terms in new versions as updated by the FSF . Developers can omit it when licensing their software ; the Linux kernel , for instance , is licensed under GPLv2 without the any later version clause ."}]}, {'value': 'iArchiver', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/IArchiver', 'summary': 'iArchiver is a software utility for handling file archives on the Apple Macintosh . It is now renamed Rucksack . iArchiver was designed as a universal tool for working with archives , and can be used to create , extract and convert a large number of common and legacy archive formats with a drag-and-drop interface . iArchiver was developed and is currently being maintained by Dare to be Creative Ltd , a software company based in Vienna , Austria .'}]}, {'value': 'Dare to be Creative Ltd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'October 21 , 2007 ; 12 years ago ( 2007-10-21 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.4.1 October 30 , 2008 ; 11 years ago ( 2008-10-30 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '$ 26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Proprietary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Proprietary_software', 'summary': "Proprietary software , also known as closed-source software , is non-free computer software for which the software 's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights - usually copyright of the source code , but sometimes patent rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Info-ZIP ( Wzip )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Info-ZIP', 'summary': "Info-ZIP is a set of open-source software to handle ZIP archives . It has been in circulation since 1989 . It consists of 4 separately-installable packages : the Zip and UnZip command-line utilities ; and WiZ and MacZip , which are graphical user interfaces for archiving programs in Microsoft Windows and classic Mac OS , respectively . Info-ZIP 's Zip and UnZip have been ported to dozens of computing platforms . The UnZip web page describes UnZip as The Third Most Portable Program in the World , surpassed by Hello World , C-Kermit , and possibly the Linux kernel . The zip and unzip programs included with most Linux and Unix distributions are Info-ZIP 's Zip and UnZip . In addition to the Info-ZIP releases themselves , parts of Info-ZIP , including zlib , have been used in numerous other file archivers and other programs . Many Info-ZIP programmers have also been involved in other projects closely related to the DEFLATE compression algorithm , such as the PNG image format and the zlib software library ."}]}, {'value': 'Samuel Smith', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 1989 ; 30 years ago ( 1989-03 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6.0 April 29 , 2009 ; 10 years ago ( 2009-04-29 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Free', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BSD-like', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BSD_licenses', 'summary': 'BSD licenses are a family of permissive free software licenses , imposing minimal restrictions on the use and distribution of covered software . This is in contrast to copyleft licenses , which have share-alike requirements . The original BSD license was used for its namesake , the Berkeley Software Distribution ( BSD ) , a Unix-like operating system . The original version has since been revised , and its descendants are referred to as modified BSD licenses . BSD is both a license and a class of license ( generally referred to as BSD-like ) . The modified BSD license ( in wide use today ) is very similar to the license originally used for the BSD version of Unix . The BSD license is a simple license that merely requires that all code retain the BSD license notice if redistributed in source code format , or reproduce the notice if redistributed in binary format . The BSD license ( unlike some other licenses ) does not require that source code be distributed at all .'}]}, {'value': 'KGB Archiver', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KGB_Archiver', 'summary': 'KGB Archiver is a discontinued file archiver and data compression utility that employs the PAQ6 compression algorithm . Written in Visual C++ by Tomasz Pawlak , KGB Archiver is designed to achieve a very high compression ratio . It has ten levels of compression , from very weak to maximum . However , at higher compression levels , the time required to compress a file increases significantly . As a consequence , the program uses memory and CPU intensively . KGB Archiver is free and open-source , released under the terms of the GNU General Public License . Version 2 beta 2 is available for Microsoft Windows and a command-line version of KGB Archiver 1.0 is available for Unix-like operating systems .'}]}, {'value': 'Tomasz Pawlak', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 1 , 2006 ; 13 years ago ( 2006-04-01 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.2.1.24 November 1 , 2006 ; 13 years ago ( 2006-11-01 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Free', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GPL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License', 'summary': "The GNU General Public License ( GNU GPL or GPL ) is a widely used free software license that guarantees end users the freedom to run , study , share , and modify the software . The license was originally written by Richard Stallman , former head of the Free Software Foundation ( FSF ) , for the GNU Project , and grants the recipients of a computer program the rights of the Free Software Definition . The GPL is a copyleft license , which means that derivative work must be distributed under the same or equivalent license terms . This is in distinction to permissive software licenses , of which the BSD licenses and the MIT License are widely-used less-restrictive examples . GPL was the first copyleft license for general use . Historically , the GPL license family has been one of the most popular software licenses in the free and open-source software domain . Prominent free-software programs licensed under the GPL include the Linux kernel and the GNU Compiler Collection ( GCC ) . David A. Wheeler argues that the copyleft provided by the GPL was crucial to the success of Linux-based systems , giving the programmers who contributed to the kernel the assurance that their work would benefit the whole world and remain free , rather than being exploited by software companies that would not have to give anything back to the community . In 2007 , the third version of the license ( GPLv3 ) was released to address some perceived problems with the second version ( GPLv2 ) which were discovered during the latter 's long-time usage . To keep the license up to date , the GPL license includes an optional any later version clause , allowing users to choose between the original terms or the terms in new versions as updated by the FSF . Developers can omit it when licensing their software ; the Linux kernel , for instance , is licensed under GPLv2 without the any later version clause ."}]}, {'value': 'PeaZip', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PeaZip', 'summary': 'PeaZip is a free and open-source file manager and file archiver for Microsoft Windows , Linux and BSD made by Giorgio Tani . It supports its native PEA archive format ( featuring compression , multi volume split and flexible authenticated encryption and integrity check schemes ) and other mainstream formats , with special focus on handling open formats . It supports 188 file extensions ( as of version 6.0.0 ) . PeaZip is mainly written in Free Pascal , using Lazarus . PeaZip is released under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License .'}]}, {'value': 'Giorgio Tani', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'September 16 , 2006 ; 13 years ago ( 2006-09-16 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7.1.0 February 2 , 2020 ; 6 days ago ( 2020-02-02 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Free', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LGPL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_License', 'summary': "The GNU Lesser General Public License ( LGPL ) is a free-software license published by the Free Software Foundation ( FSF ) . The license allows developers and companies to use and integrate a software component released under the LGPL into their own ( even proprietary ) software without being required by the terms of a strong copyleft license to release the source code of their own components . However , any developer who modifies an LGPL-covered component is required to make their modified version available under the same LGPL license . For proprietary software , code under the LGPL is usually used in the form of a shared library , so that there is a clear separation between the proprietary and LGPL components . The LGPL is primarily used for software libraries , although it is also used by some stand-alone applications . The LGPL was developed as a compromise between the strong copyleft of the GNU General Public License ( GPL ) and more permissive licenses such as the BSD licenses and the MIT License . The word Lesser in the title shows that the LGPL does not guarantee the end user 's complete freedom in the use of software ; it only guarantees the freedom of modification for components licensed under the LGPL , but not for any proprietary components ."}]}, {'value': 'PKZIP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PKZIP', 'summary': "PKZIP is a file archiving computer program , notable for introducing the popular ZIP file format . PKZIP was first introduced for MS-DOS on the IBM-PC compatible platform in 1989 . Since then versions have been released for a number of other architectures and operating systems . PKZIP was originally written by Phil Katz and marketed by his company PKWARE , Inc , with both of them bearing his initials : 'PK ' ."}]}, {'value': 'Phil Katz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Phil_Katz', 'summary': "Phillip Walter Katz ( November 3 , 1962 - April 14 , 2000 ) was a computer programmer best known as the co-creator of the Zip file format for data compression , and the author of PKZIP , a program for creating zip files that ran under DOS . A copyright lawsuit between System Enhancement Associates ( SEA ) and Katz 's company , PKWARE , Inc. , was widely publicized in the BBS community in the late 1980s . Phil Katz 's software business was very successful , but he struggled with social isolation and chronic alcoholism in the last years of his life ."}]}, {'value': '1989 ; 31 years ago ( 1989 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12.4 ( ca . September 2009 ; 10 years ago ( 2009-09 ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '$ 29.00', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Proprietary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Proprietary_software', 'summary': "Proprietary software , also known as closed-source software , is non-free computer software for which the software 's publisher or another person retains intellectual property rights - usually copyright of the source code , but sometimes patent rights ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Archivers -- General information', 'section_text': 'Basic general information about the archivers : creator/company , license/price etc .', 'uid': 'Comparison_of_file_archivers_0', 'intro': "The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of file archivers. Please see the individual products' articles for further information. They are neither all-inclusive nor are some entries necessarily up to date. Unless otherwise specified in the footnotes section, comparisons are based on the stable versions - without add-ons, extensions or external programs."}
null
null
What type of license does the app described as The Third Most Portable Program in the World use ?
BSD-Like
0485a967ad6668be
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Texas_A&M_University_people', 'title': 'List of Texas A&M University people', 'header': ['Name', 'Class year', 'Notability'], 'data': [{'value': 'Charles Doc Anderson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charles_Anderson_(Texas_politician)', 'summary': 'Charles Doc Anderson ( born June 29 , 1945 ) is a veterinarian from Waco , Texas , who is a Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives for District 56 . He was first elected in 2004 and has won six additional terms thereafter . A graduate of the Texas A & M University School of Veterinary Medicine in College Station , Anderson has been a small animal veterinarian in Waco since 1981 . He and his first wife , Sandie , have one son , Thomas , and one grandson . He is listed as a resident of Lorena , south of Waco . Anderson began his involvement in the political process as an advocate for small business . He served on committees for the Texas Association of Business and the National Federation of Independent Businesses and was appointed to the Texas Small Business Advisory Council by former Governor Rick Perry . In 1998 and 2000 , he represented Texas as a delegate to the Congressional Small Business Summit in Washington , D.C. His District 56 encompasses Waco and most of McLennan County . Anderson sits on the Pensions , Investments & Financial Services Committee and the Rules & Resolution Committee . He has been the vice-chairman of the Agriculture and Livestock committee . Additionally , he has been appointed to the statewide Agricultural Policy Council , the multinational Energy Council , and the National Conference of State Legislatures Committee on Agriculture , Energy , and the Environment . Anderson serves on the Community College Caucus , Rural Caucus , Veteran Caucus , Clean Air Caucus , Republican Caucus , and the Texas Conservative Coalition .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Texas House of Representatives member', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives', 'summary': 'The Texas House of Representatives ( Spanish : Cámara de Representantes de Texas ) is the lower house of the bicameral Texas Legislature . It consists of 150 members who are elected from single-member districts for two-year terms . As of the 2010 Census , each member represents about 167,637 people . There are no term limits , with the most senior member , Tom Craddick , having been elected in 1968 . The House meets at the State Capitol in Austin .'}]}, {'value': 'Trent Ashby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trent_Ashby', 'summary': 'Trent Edward Ashby ( born October 9 , 1972 ) is a title insurance executive from Lufkin , Texas , who is a Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives for District 57 , which encompasses Angelina , Houston , Leon , Madison , San Augustine , and Trinity counties in East Texas . First elected in 2012 , Ashby won a second two-year term in the general election on November 4 , 2014 . In the general election on November 6 , 2018 , Ashby won his fourth House term . With 41,118 votes ( 79 percent ) , he defeated Democrat Jason Rogers , who polled 10,901 ( 21 percent ) .'}]}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Member of the Texas House of Representatives from Lufkin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives', 'summary': 'The Texas House of Representatives ( Spanish : Cámara de Representantes de Texas ) is the lower house of the bicameral Texas Legislature . It consists of 150 members who are elected from single-member districts for two-year terms . As of the 2010 Census , each member represents about 167,637 people . There are no term limits , with the most senior member , Tom Craddick , having been elected in 1968 . The House meets at the State Capitol in Austin .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lufkin,_Texas', 'summary': 'Lufkin is a city in Angelina County , Texas , and is the county seat and largest city of Angelina County . The city is situated in Deep East Texas . Lufkin is 115 miles ( 185 km ) northeast of Houston . The estimated population is 35,510 as of July 1 , 2018 . Lufkin was founded in 1884 and named for Abraham P. Lufkin . It originally served as a stop on the Houston , East and West Texas Railway . It was officially incorporated on October 15 , 1890 . Lufkin continued to serve as a stop on the railroad until the 1890 . 3 businessmen founded Angelina Lumber Company which led to much of the economic prosperity Lufkin would see later in history . When the so called timber boom came to an end a new golden era of expansion began . This era saw Lufkin becoming more industrialized with the opening of Lufkin Industries and Southland Paper Mill . In the mid 1960s , a cultural expansion began and improvements were made to education and the way of life .'}]}, {'value': 'Jimmie Don Aycock', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1969', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Member of the Texas House of Representatives', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives', 'summary': 'The Texas House of Representatives ( Spanish : Cámara de Representantes de Texas ) is the lower house of the bicameral Texas Legislature . It consists of 150 members who are elected from single-member districts for two-year terms . As of the 2010 Census , each member represents about 167,637 people . There are no term limits , with the most senior member , Tom Craddick , having been elected in 1968 . The House meets at the State Capitol in Austin .'}]}, {'value': 'Dwayne Bohac', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dwayne_Bohac', 'summary': 'Dwayne Alan Bohac ( born September 4 , 1966 ) has been since 2003 a Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives for District 138 , which encompasses west and northwest Houston , Texas . He unseated Democratic Representative Ken Yarbrough in the general election held on November 5 , 2002 . Bohac lost two previous challenges to Yarborough in the 1990s .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Texas House of Representatives member', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives', 'summary': 'The Texas House of Representatives ( Spanish : Cámara de Representantes de Texas ) is the lower house of the bicameral Texas Legislature . It consists of 150 members who are elected from single-member districts for two-year terms . As of the 2010 Census , each member represents about 167,637 people . There are no term limits , with the most senior member , Tom Craddick , having been elected in 1968 . The House meets at the State Capitol in Austin .'}]}, {'value': 'Greg Bonnen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greg_Bonnen', 'summary': 'James Gregory Greg Bonnen ( born 1966 ) is a neurosurgeon and a medical professor from Friendswood , Texas , who has been a Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives from District 24 since 2013 . His younger brother , Dennis Bonnen , is the Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives .'}]}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Neurosurgeon and medical professor at University of Texas Medical Branch ; Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives since 2013 from Galveston County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Texas_Medical_Branch', 'summary': "The University of Texas Medical Branch ( UTMB ) is a public academic health science center in Galveston , Texas . It is part of the University of Texas System . UTMB includes the oldest medical school in Texas , and has about 11,000 employees . In February 2019 , it received an endowment of $ 560 million . Established in 1891 as the University of Texas Medical Department , UTMB has grown from one building , 23 students and 13 faculty members to more than 70 buildings , more than 2,500 students and more than 1,000 faculty . It has four schools , three institutes for advanced study , a comprehensive medical library , four on-site hospitals ( including an affiliated Shriners Hospital for Children ) , a network of clinics that provide primary and specialized medical care and numerous research facilities . UTMB 's primary missions are health sciences education , medical research ( it is home to the Galveston National Laboratory ) and health care services . Its emergency department at John Sealy Hospital is certified as a Level I Trauma Center and serves as the lead trauma facility for a nine-county region in Southeast Texas ; it is one of only three Level I Trauma centers serving all ages in Southeast Texas . In fiscal year 2012 , UTMB received 20 percent of its $ 1.5 billion budget from the State of Texas to help support its teaching mission , hospital operation and Level 1 Trauma Center ; UTMB generates the rest of its budget through its research endeavors , clinical services and philanthropy . It provides a significant amount of charity care ( almost $ 96 million in 2012 ) , and treats complex cases such as transplants and burns . In 2003 UTMB received funding to construct a $ 150 million Galveston National Biocontainment Laboratory on its campus , one of the few non-military facilities of this level . It houses several Biosafety Level 4 research laboratories , where studies on highly infectious materials can be carried out safely ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives', 'summary': 'The Texas House of Representatives ( Spanish : Cámara de Representantes de Texas ) is the lower house of the bicameral Texas Legislature . It consists of 150 members who are elected from single-member districts for two-year terms . As of the 2010 Census , each member represents about 167,637 people . There are no term limits , with the most senior member , Tom Craddick , having been elected in 1968 . The House meets at the State Capitol in Austin .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Galveston_County,_Texas', 'summary': 'Galveston County ( /ˈɡælvɪstən/ GAL-vis-tən ) is a county in the U.S. state of Texas , located along the Gulf Coast adjacent to Galveston Bay . As of the 2010 U.S. Decennial Census , the population was 291,309 . The county seat is the City of Galveston , founded the following year of 1839 , located on Galveston Island ; the most populous municipality in the county is League City , a suburb of Houston at the northern end of the county , which surpassed Galveston in population during the early 2000s . The county was founded in 1838 . Galveston County is part of the ten-county Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land ( Greater Houston ) metropolitan statistical area .'}]}, {'value': 'J. Searcy Bracewell , Jr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/J._Searcy_Bracewell,_Jr.', 'summary': 'J. Searcy Bracewell Jr. ( January 19 , 1918 - May 13 , 2003 ) , was a Texas Democratic politician and founder of the law firm Bracewell LLP , based in Houston . He served as both a member of the Texas House of Representatives and the Texas Senate from Houston . He was the Texas Senate President Pro Tempore in 1957 . A state House member from 1947 to 1949 and a senator from 1949 to 1959 , Bracewell wrote bills establishing what later became the M.D . Anderson Cancer Center and the University of Texas Health Science Center Dental School . In 1957 , he waged an unsuccessful campaign for the U.S. Senate in a special election against Ralph Yarborough for the right to finish the elected term of then Governor Price Daniel . In 1945 , Bracewell , his father , his brother , and a future state district judge joined to form the precursor of the firm that became Bracewell & Giuliani when former New York City Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani joined the group in March 2005 . Bracewell served in World War II on the staff of General George S. Patton . He was president and board chairman of the Houston Grand Opera , interim president of the South Texas College of Law , board chairman of the visitors of Texas A & M University at Galveston . He was named Outstanding Houston Aggie in 1978 .'}]}, {'value': '1938', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Former Texas House of Representatives member ; former Texas senator', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives', 'summary': 'The Texas House of Representatives ( Spanish : Cámara de Representantes de Texas ) is the lower house of the bicameral Texas Legislature . It consists of 150 members who are elected from single-member districts for two-year terms . As of the 2010 Census , each member represents about 167,637 people . There are no term limits , with the most senior member , Tom Craddick , having been elected in 1968 . The House meets at the State Capitol in Austin .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Texas_Senate', 'summary': 'The Texas Senate is the upper house of the Texas State Legislature . There are 31 members of the Senate , representing single-member districts across the U.S. state of Texas , with populations of approximately 806,000 per constituency , based on the 2010 U.S. Census . There are no term limits , and each term is four years long . Elections are held in even-numbered years on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November . In elections in years ending in 2 , all seats are up for election . Half of the senators will serve a two-year term , based on a drawing ; the other half will fill regular four-year terms . In the case of the latter , they or their successors will be up for two-year terms in the next year that ends in 0 . As such , in other elections , about half of the Texas Senate is on the ballot . The Senate meets at the Texas State Capitol in Austin . The Republicans currently control the chamber , which is made up of 19 Republicans and 12 Democrats .'}]}, {'value': 'Bill W. Clayton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bill_W._Clayton', 'summary': 'Bill Wayne Clayton , sometimes known as Billy Clayton ( September 11 , 1928 - January 6 , 2007 ) , was an American politician from West Texas who served as a state legislator for twenty years and was Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives from 1975 to 1983 , a tenure twice as long as that of any other presiding officer of the house elected before him . A Conservative Democrat from a rural area of the Texas South Plains , Clayton attained the speakership by successfully forging a broad-based House coalition . He was considered one of the most influential legislators - and , after he left the chamber , lobbyists - in modern Texas history .'}]}, {'value': '1950', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Former Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Texas_House_of_Representatives', 'summary': "The Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives is the presiding officer of the Texas House of Representatives . The Speaker 's main duties are to conduct meetings of the House , appoint committees , and enforce the Rules of the House . The current speaker is Dennis Bonnen , a Republican from Angleton , who was elected Speaker on January 8 , 2019 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives', 'summary': 'The Texas House of Representatives ( Spanish : Cámara de Representantes de Texas ) is the lower house of the bicameral Texas Legislature . It consists of 150 members who are elected from single-member districts for two-year terms . As of the 2010 Census , each member represents about 167,637 people . There are no term limits , with the most senior member , Tom Craddick , having been elected in 1968 . The House meets at the State Capitol in Austin .'}]}, {'value': 'Frank Corte , Jr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frank_Corte,_Jr.', 'summary': 'Frank Julius Corte Jr. ( born August 10 , 1959 ) is a real estate businessman in San Antonio , Texas who served as a Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives between 1993 and 2011 .'}]}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'former member of the Texas House of Representatives', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives', 'summary': 'The Texas House of Representatives ( Spanish : Cámara de Representantes de Texas ) is the lower house of the bicameral Texas Legislature . It consists of 150 members who are elected from single-member districts for two-year terms . As of the 2010 Census , each member represents about 167,637 people . There are no term limits , with the most senior member , Tom Craddick , having been elected in 1968 . The House meets at the State Capitol in Austin .'}]}, {'value': 'John Cyrier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Cyrier', 'summary': 'John Patrick Cyrier ( born May 4 , 1973 ) is a businessman from Lockhart , Texas , who is a Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives for District 17 , which encompasses his own Caldwell County as well as Bastrop , Gonzales , Lee , and Karnes counties in the south central portion of his state . On February 17 , 2015 , Cyrier won a special election to fill the House seat vacated by Republican Tim Kleinschmidt of Lexington in Lee County , who became general counsel to the Texas Department of Agriculture in Austin under commissioner Sid Miller .'}]}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Owner of Saber Commercial , Inc. , in Lockhart ; Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives for District 17 since 2015', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lockhart,_Texas', 'summary': 'Lockhart is a city in Caldwell County , Texas , United States . It is the county seat of Caldwell County . According to the 2010 census the population of Lockhart was 12,698 . Lockhart and Caldwell County are within the Austin-Round Rock metropolitan area .'}]}, {'value': 'Myra Crownover', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Myra_Crownover', 'summary': "Myra Ellen Robinson Crownover ( born April 26 , 1947 ) is a businesswoman and politician from Lake Dallas in Denton County , north of the city of Dallas . Originally elected in 2000 as a Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives for District 64 , she retired after declining to seek re-election in 2016 . Under the state 's 2012 redistricting process , her district was located completely in Denton County , including much or parts of Denton , Lake Dallas , Corinth , and Hickory Creek . Crownover holds a Bachelor of Science degree from Southern Methodist University and a Master of Science from Texas A & M University at College Station , both in professional education . She was elected to the Texas House in 2000 to succeed her late husband , Representative Ronny Crownover ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Texas House of Representatives member', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives', 'summary': 'The Texas House of Representatives ( Spanish : Cámara de Representantes de Texas ) is the lower house of the bicameral Texas Legislature . It consists of 150 members who are elected from single-member districts for two-year terms . As of the 2010 Census , each member represents about 167,637 people . There are no term limits , with the most senior member , Tom Craddick , having been elected in 1968 . The House meets at the State Capitol in Austin .'}]}, {'value': 'Dawnna Dukes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dawnna_Dukes', 'summary': 'Dawnna Dukes is a former Democratic member of the Texas House of Representatives . First elected in 1994 , Dukes represented District 46 ( East Austin ) within Travis County from 1995 to 2019 . In 2017 , Dukes was indicted by a grand jury on 13 felony charges and two misdemeanor charges related to abuse of public office . Later that year , all criminal charges against Dukes were dropped , with prosecutors saying the charges should not have been brought forward . Dukes announced plans to resign her seat but changed her mind and ran for re-election . She was defeated in the Democratic primary election on March 6 , 2018 .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Texas House of Representatives member', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives', 'summary': 'The Texas House of Representatives ( Spanish : Cámara de Representantes de Texas ) is the lower house of the bicameral Texas Legislature . It consists of 150 members who are elected from single-member districts for two-year terms . As of the 2010 Census , each member represents about 167,637 people . There are no term limits , with the most senior member , Tom Craddick , having been elected in 1968 . The House meets at the State Capitol in Austin .'}]}, {'value': 'Ryan Guillen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ryan_Guillen', 'summary': 'Ryan Anthony Guillen ( born October 27 , 1977 ) is the Texas State Representative for House District 31 , which includes Starr , Atascosa , Duval , Brooks , Jim Hogg , Kenedy , La Salle , Live Oak , McMullen and Willacy counties . A Democrat and native of Starr County Guillen was first elected in 2002 at the age of 24 , making him the youngest ever elected to the Texas House of Representatives . He continues to serve Texas and is in his 9th term as a Representative . Beginning in 2003 with the 78th Session , Guillen has served House District 31 for eight consecutive regular sessions and eight special sessions in the House of Representatives . Guillen and his wife Dalinda were raised in Rio Grande City where they currently reside today . He completed his education with a B.S . degree in Agricultural Studies from Texas A & M University in College Station . His family includes many generations of teachers and ranchers , traditions that continue to play a large role in his daily life .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Texas House of Representatives member', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives', 'summary': 'The Texas House of Representatives ( Spanish : Cámara de Representantes de Texas ) is the lower house of the bicameral Texas Legislature . It consists of 150 members who are elected from single-member districts for two-year terms . As of the 2010 Census , each member represents about 167,637 people . There are no term limits , with the most senior member , Tom Craddick , having been elected in 1968 . The House meets at the State Capitol in Austin .'}]}, {'value': 'Kyle Kacal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kyle_Kacal', 'summary': 'Kyle Jerome Kacal ( born December 26 , 1969 ) is a Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives from District 12 , which includes parts of Brazos and McLennan counties as well as the smaller Falls , Limestone , and Robertson counties in the east central portion of the state .'}]}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Member of the Texas House of Representatives from College Station since 2013', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives', 'summary': 'The Texas House of Representatives ( Spanish : Cámara de Representantes de Texas ) is the lower house of the bicameral Texas Legislature . It consists of 150 members who are elected from single-member districts for two-year terms . As of the 2010 Census , each member represents about 167,637 people . There are no term limits , with the most senior member , Tom Craddick , having been elected in 1968 . The House meets at the State Capitol in Austin .'}]}, {'value': 'Tracy O . King', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tracy_O._King', 'summary': "Tracy Ogden King ( born November 9 , 1960 ) is a businessman from Batesville , Texas , who has been since 1995 a Democratic member of the Texas House of Representatives from District 80 . Beginning in January 2013 , the revised District 80 includes these counties south of San Antonio : Dimmit , Frio , Uvalde , Zapata , Zavala plus the rural portions of Webb County outside Laredo . King is one of only five Anglo Democrats in the 2015 Texas House ; there are two others in the Texas State Senate , Kirk Watson of Austin and John Whitmire of Houston . He is the only Anglo Democrat from a heavily rural district . By contrast , there were eighty-five Anglo Democrats in the House in 1985 , eighty-three in 1987 , with fifty-six of those from primarily rural areas . King was initially elected to the House on November 8 , 1994 , when he unseated the one-term Democrat-turned-Republican incumbent Pedro G. Nieto . King received 15,072 votes ( 61.8 percent ) to Nieto 's 9,321 ( 38.2 percent ) . With his 2014 victory , King has been elected to a total of ten two-year terms ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Texas House of Representatives member', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives', 'summary': 'The Texas House of Representatives ( Spanish : Cámara de Representantes de Texas ) is the lower house of the bicameral Texas Legislature . It consists of 150 members who are elected from single-member districts for two-year terms . As of the 2010 Census , each member represents about 167,637 people . There are no term limits , with the most senior member , Tom Craddick , having been elected in 1968 . The House meets at the State Capitol in Austin .'}]}, {'value': 'Tim Kleinschmidt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tim_Kleinschmidt', 'summary': 'Timothy Alan Kleinschmidt , known as Tim Kleinschmidt ( born November 15 , 1956 ) , is a lawyer in Giddings , Texas , who currently serves as the general counsel for the Texas Department of Agriculture under commissioner Sid Miller . From 2009 to 2015 he was a Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives for District 17 , which comprises his native Lee County as well as Bastrop , Caldwell , Gonzales , and Karnes counties in the central portion of the state .'}]}, {'value': '1979', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'member of the Texas House of Representatives from Lee County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives', 'summary': 'The Texas House of Representatives ( Spanish : Cámara de Representantes de Texas ) is the lower house of the bicameral Texas Legislature . It consists of 150 members who are elected from single-member districts for two-year terms . As of the 2010 Census , each member represents about 167,637 people . There are no term limits , with the most senior member , Tom Craddick , having been elected in 1968 . The House meets at the State Capitol in Austin .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lee_County,_Texas', 'summary': 'Lee County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas . As of the 2010 census , its population was 16,612 . Its county seat is Giddings . The county is named for Robert E. Lee , US and Confederate General .'}]}, {'value': 'Glenn Kothmann', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Glenn_Kothmann', 'summary': 'Glenn H. Kothmann ( born c. 1928 ) is a San Antonio , Texas politician . He represented Bexar County as a Democrat in the Texas House of Representatives and Texas Senate for 26 years between 1957 and 1987 . Kothmann is a 1950 graduate from Texas A & M University , where he was a varsity athlete .'}]}, {'value': '1950', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Former Texas House of Representatives member', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives', 'summary': 'The Texas House of Representatives ( Spanish : Cámara de Representantes de Texas ) is the lower house of the bicameral Texas Legislature . It consists of 150 members who are elected from single-member districts for two-year terms . As of the 2010 Census , each member represents about 167,637 people . There are no term limits , with the most senior member , Tom Craddick , having been elected in 1968 . The House meets at the State Capitol in Austin .'}]}, {'value': 'L. B. Kubiak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/L._B._Kubiak', 'summary': "L. B. Kubiak ( born December 5 , 1945 ) is a veterinarian in Austin , Texas , who served as a Democrat in the Texas House of Representatives from District 13 from 1983 to 1991 . He resides in Rockdale in Milam County . Kubiak 's House tenure was preceded and succeeded by that of his older brother , the late Dan Kubiak , a former educator and businessman , also from Rockdale . Kubiak was born to a Roman Catholic couple , John T. Kubiak ( 1914-2001 ) , a farmer and garage owner , and the former Connie M. Snider ( 1915-1999 ) , east of rural Reagan , Texas . There he attended elementary school until 1955 , when his family relocated to Rockdale . Thereafter , he graduated in 1963 from Rockdale High School , where he was active in all sports . He received his D.V.M . from Texas A & M University in College Station . Kubiak entered the state House when his brother ran instead , unsuccessfully , for Texas land commissioner in the 1982 Democratic primary . L. B. Kubiak did not run for reelection to the House in 1990 so that Dan Kubiak could again seek the seat , which he had filled previously from 1969 to 1983 . When his brother died in office in 1998 while campaigning for reelection to the Texas House in District 17 , Kubiak , with the encouragement of Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives Pete Laney , sought to become the replacement Democratic nominee . Instead the Democratic county chairmen in the district nominated Teddy Boehm , a woman from Brenham in Washington County in the southern portion of the district and the wife of a former trustee president of Blinn College ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Member of the Texas House of Representatives 1983-1991 ; veterinarian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives', 'summary': 'The Texas House of Representatives ( Spanish : Cámara de Representantes de Texas ) is the lower house of the bicameral Texas Legislature . It consists of 150 members who are elected from single-member districts for two-year terms . As of the 2010 Census , each member represents about 167,637 people . There are no term limits , with the most senior member , Tom Craddick , having been elected in 1968 . The House meets at the State Capitol in Austin .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Veterinarian', 'summary': 'A veterinarian ( vet ) , also known as a veterinary surgeon or veterinary physician , is a professional who practices veterinary medicine by treating diseases , disorders , and injuries in non-human animals .'}]}, {'value': 'Brooks Landgraf', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brooks_Landgraf', 'summary': 'Brooks Frederick Landgraf ( born March 15 , 1981 ) is an attorney and rancher in his native Odessa , Texas , who is a Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives for District 81 , which encompasses Ector , Andrews , Ward and Winkler counties . In January 2015 , he succeeded the three-term Republican Tryon D. Lewis , who did not seek re-nomination in the primary election held on March 4 , 2014 .'}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Incoming ( January 2015 ) Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives from District 81 ( Ector , Andrews , and Winkler counties ) ; Odessa lawyer and rancher ; member of the TAMU Army Corps of Cadets', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives', 'summary': 'The Texas House of Representatives ( Spanish : Cámara de Representantes de Texas ) is the lower house of the bicameral Texas Legislature . It consists of 150 members who are elected from single-member districts for two-year terms . As of the 2010 Census , each member represents about 167,637 people . There are no term limits , with the most senior member , Tom Craddick , having been elected in 1968 . The House meets at the State Capitol in Austin .'}]}, {'value': 'Lyle Larson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lyle_Larson', 'summary': 'Lyle Thomas Larson ( born March 25 , 1959 ) is a businessman from San Antonio , Texas , who is a Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives from District 122 in his native northern Bexar County . He was first elected to the state House in 2010 to succeed fellow Republican Frank Corte , Jr .'}]}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Member of the Texas House of Representatives since 2011', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_House_of_Representatives', 'summary': 'The Texas House of Representatives ( Spanish : Cámara de Representantes de Texas ) is the lower house of the bicameral Texas Legislature . It consists of 150 members who are elected from single-member districts for two-year terms . As of the 2010 Census , each member represents about 167,637 people . There are no term limits , with the most senior member , Tom Craddick , having been elected in 1968 . The House meets at the State Capitol in Austin .'}]}, {'value': 'Nathan Macias', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nathan_Macias', 'summary': 'Nathan G. Macias ( born January 22 , 1960 ) is a businessman and public policy analyst from Bulverde , Texas , who is a Republican former member of the Texas House of Representatives . He held the District 73 seat for one term between the tenures of fellow Republicans Carter Casteel and the current representative , Doug Miller , both from New Braunfels . The district now encompasses Comal , Gillespie , and Kendall counties , but prior to 2013 , it also included Bandera County .'}]}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Member of the Texas House of Representatives from Comal County 2007-2009 ; lieutenant colonel in the United States Air Force , at Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Comal_County,_Texas', 'summary': "Comal County ( /ˈkoʊmæl/ KOH-mal ) is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas . As of the 2010 census , its population was 108,472 . Its county seat is New Braunfels . Comal County is part of the San Antonio-New Braunfels , TX Metropolitan Statistical Area . Along with Hays and Kendall Counties , Comal was listed in 2017 of the nation 's 10 fastest-growing large counties with a population of at least 10,000 . In 2017 , Comal County was second on the list ; it grew by 5,675 newcomers , or 4.4% from 2015 to 2016 . Kendall County was the second-fastest growing county in the nation in 2015 to 2016 , grew by 5.16% . Hays County , third on the national list , had nearly 10,000 new residents during the year . As a result of this growth , the counties have experienced new home construction , traffic congestion , and greater demand for public services . Bexar County , which includes San Antonio , grew by 1.75% during the year , but its number of new residents exceeded 33,000 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States_Air_Force', 'summary': 'The United States Air Force ( USAF ) is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services . Initially formed as a part of the United States Army on 1 August 1907 , the USAF was established as a separate branch of the U.S. Armed Forces on 18 September 1947 with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 . It is the second youngest branch of the U.S. Armed Forces , [ a ] and the fourth in order of precedence . The U.S. Air Force articulates its core missions as air superiority , global integrated intelligence , surveillance , and reconnaissance , rapid global mobility , global strike , and command and control . The U.S. Air Force is a military service branch organized within the Department of the Air Force , one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The Air Force , through the Department of the Air Force , is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force , who reports to the Secretary of Defense , and is appointed by the President with Senate confirmation . The highest-ranking military officer in the Air Force is the Chief of Staff of the Air Force , who exercises supervision over Air Force units and serves as one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Certain Air Force components are assigned , as directed by the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Air Force , to unified combatant commands . Combatant commanders are delegated operational authority of the forces assigned to them , while the Secretary of the Air Force and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force retain administrative authority over their members . Along with conducting independent air operations , the U.S. Air Force provides air support for land and naval forces and aids in the recovery of troops in the field . As of 2017 [ update ] , the service operates more than 5,369 military aircraft , 406 ICBMs and 170 military satellites .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Operation_Enduring_Freedom', 'summary': "Operation Enduring Freedom ( OEF ) was the official name used by the U.S. government for the Global War on Terrorism . On October 7 , 2001 , in response to the September 11 attacks , President George W. Bush announced that airstrikes targeting Al Qaeda and the Taliban had begun in Afghanistan . Operation Enduring Freedom primarily refers to the War in Afghanistan , but it is also affiliated with counterterrorism operations in other countries , such as OEF-Philippines and OEF-Trans Sahara . After 13 years , on December 28 , 2014 , President Barack Obama announced the end of Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan . Continued operations in Afghanistan by the United States ' military forces , both non-combat and combat , now occur under the name Operation Freedom 's Sentinel ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Operation_Iraqi_Freedom', 'summary': "The Iraq War [ nb 1 ] was a protracted armed conflict that began in 2003 with the invasion of Iraq by a United States-led coalition that overthrew the government of Saddam Hussein . The conflict continued for much of the next decade as an insurgency emerged to oppose the occupying forces and the post-invasion Iraqi government . An estimated 151,000 to 600,000 Iraqis were killed in the first three to four years of conflict . US troops were officially withdrawn in 2009 but are still fighting in Iraq , most of them having been redeployed following the spread of the Syrian Civil War and the territorial gains of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant . Many former soldiers are employed by defence contractors and private military companies . The U.S. became re-involved in 2014 at the head of a new coalition ; the insurgency and many dimensions of the civil armed conflict continue . The invasion occurred as part of the George W. Bush administration 's War on Terror , following the September 11 attacks . In October 2002 , Congress authorized President Bush to use military force against Iraq should he choose to . The Iraq War began on 20 March 2003 , when the U.S. , joined by the U.K. and several coalition allies , launched a shock and awe bombing campaign . Iraqi forces were quickly overwhelmed as U.S.-led forces swept through the country . The invasion led to the collapse of the Ba'athist government ; Saddam Hussein was captured during Operation Red Dawn in December of that same year and executed three years later . The power vacuum following Saddam 's demise and the mismanagement of the Coalition Provisional Authority led to widespread civil war between Shias and Sunnis , as well as a lengthy insurgency against coalition forces ."}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Texas_A&M_University_people_16', 'intro': "The list of Texas A&M University people includes notable alumni, faculty, and affiliates of Texas A&M University. The term Texas Aggie, which comes from Texas A&M's history as an agricultural school, refers to students and alumni of Texas A&M. The class year of each alumnus indicates the projected undergraduate degree award year designation, although the actual year may differ. At Texas A&M and within its student culture, the term former student is more commonly used than alumni."}
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What is the class year for the person who is general counsel for the Texas Department of Agriculture ?
1979
04862453dc390a01
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saigoku_Kannon_Pilgrimage', 'title': 'Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage', 'header': ['No', 'Temple', 'Honzon ( main image )', 'City/Ward/Town', 'Prefecture'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seiganto-ji', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seiganto-ji', 'summary': "Seiganto-ji ( 青岸渡寺 ) , Temple of Crossing the Blue Shore , is a Tendai Buddhist temple in Wakayama Prefecture , Japan . In 2004 , it was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site along with other locations , under the name Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range . According to a legend , it was founded by the priest Ragyō Shōnin , a monk from India . The temple was purposely built near Nachi Falls , where it may have previously been a site of nature worship . Seiganto-ji is part of the Kumano Sanzan shrine complex , and as such can be considered one of the few jingū-ji ( shrine temples , see article Shinbutsu shūgō ) still in existence after the forcible separation of Shinto and Buddhism operated by the Japanese government during the Meiji restoration . It is Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage 's No.1 ( first stop ) and an Important Cultural Properties of Japan ."}]}, {'value': 'Nyoirin Kannon ( Cintāmani-cakra )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Avalokiteśvara', 'summary': 'Avalokiteśvara or Padmapani ( /ˌʌvəloʊkɪˈteɪʃvərə/ UV-əl-oh-kih-TAY-shvər-ə ; Sanskrit : अवलोकितेश्वर ) is a bodhisattva who embodies the compassion of all Buddhas . This bodhisattva is variably depicted , described and portrayed in different cultures as either male or female . In Tibet , he is known as Chenrezig , and in Cambodia as Avloketesvar . In Chinese Buddhism , Avalokiteśvara has evolved into the somewhat different female figure Guanyin , also known in Japan as Kanzeon or Kannon . In Nepal Mandal this figure is known as Jana Baha Dyah , Karunamaya , Seto Machindranath .'}]}, {'value': 'Nachikatsuura', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nachikatsuura,_Wakayama', 'summary': 'Nachikatsuura ( 那智勝浦町 , Nachikatsuura-chō ) is a town located in Higashimuro District , Wakayama Prefecture , Japan . As of February 1 , 2012 , the town has an estimated population of 17,261 , with 8,359 households , and a density of 94.09 persons per km² . The total area is 183.45 km² . Created in 1955 from four towns : Nachi , Katsuura , Ukuimura and Wakamura , by 1960 the municipality expanded to include Shimosato farther south and Otamura inland up the Ota River . The Kumano Nachi Taisha , one of the three Kumano Shrines , is in Nachi Katsuura . These shrines form part of the Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range UNESCO World Heritage Site .'}]}, {'value': 'Wakayama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wakayama_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Wakayama Prefecture ( 和歌山県 , Wakayama-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan on the Kii Peninsula in the Kansai region , located on the southernmost point of Honshū island . The capital is the city of Wakayama .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ki-mii-dera', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jūichimen Kannon ( Ekādaśamukha )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Avalokiteśvara', 'summary': 'Avalokiteśvara or Padmapani ( /ˌʌvəloʊkɪˈteɪʃvərə/ UV-əl-oh-kih-TAY-shvər-ə ; Sanskrit : अवलोकितेश्वर ) is a bodhisattva who embodies the compassion of all Buddhas . This bodhisattva is variably depicted , described and portrayed in different cultures as either male or female . In Tibet , he is known as Chenrezig , and in Cambodia as Avloketesvar . In Chinese Buddhism , Avalokiteśvara has evolved into the somewhat different female figure Guanyin , also known in Japan as Kanzeon or Kannon . In Nepal Mandal this figure is known as Jana Baha Dyah , Karunamaya , Seto Machindranath .'}]}, {'value': 'Wakayama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wakayama,_Wakayama', 'summary': 'Wakayama ( 和歌山市 , Wakayama-shi , Japanese : [ ɰakaꜜjama ] ) is the capital city of Wakayama Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan .'}]}, {'value': 'Wakayama', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kokawa-dera', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Senju Kannon ( Sahasra-bhuja Sahasra-netra )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Avalokiteśvara', 'summary': 'Avalokiteśvara or Padmapani ( /ˌʌvəloʊkɪˈteɪʃvərə/ UV-əl-oh-kih-TAY-shvər-ə ; Sanskrit : अवलोकितेश्वर ) is a bodhisattva who embodies the compassion of all Buddhas . This bodhisattva is variably depicted , described and portrayed in different cultures as either male or female . In Tibet , he is known as Chenrezig , and in Cambodia as Avloketesvar . In Chinese Buddhism , Avalokiteśvara has evolved into the somewhat different female figure Guanyin , also known in Japan as Kanzeon or Kannon . In Nepal Mandal this figure is known as Jana Baha Dyah , Karunamaya , Seto Machindranath .'}]}, {'value': 'Kinokawa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kinokawa,_Wakayama', 'summary': 'Kinokawa ( 紀の川市 , Kinokawa-shi ) is a city in Wakayama Prefecture , Japan . As of October 1 , 2016 , the city had an estimated population of 61,850 and a population density of 270 persons per km² . The total area is 228.24 km² . The modern city of Kinokawa was established on November 11 , 2005 , from the merger of the towns of Kishigawa , Kokawa , Momoyama , Naga and Uchita ( all from Naga District ) . Kokawa Temple is famous for sightseeing in Kinokawa . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Wakayama', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sefuku-ji', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Senju Kannon ( Sahasra-bhuja Sahasra-netra )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Izumi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Izumi,_Osaka', 'summary': 'Izumi ( Japanese : 和泉市 , Hepburn : Izumi-shi ) is a city located in Osaka Prefecture , Japan . The city was founded on September 1 , 1956 . [ citation needed ] As of March 2017 , the city has an estimated population of 186,370 and a population density of 2,200 persons per km² . [ not specific enough to verify ] The total area is 84.98 km² . [ citation needed ] It is the last station on the Semboku Rapid Railway Line at Izumi Chuo Station . [ citation needed ] It is known for its cabbage and sweet Vidalia-like onions . [ citation needed ] The Izumi Hall in the city is a notable international concert hall . [ citation needed ] It is twinned with Bloomington , Minnesota in the USA . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Osaka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Osaka_Prefecture', 'summary': 'Osaka Prefecture ( 大阪府 , Ōsaka-fu ) is a prefecture located in the Kansai region on Honshu , the main island of Japan . The capital is the city of Osaka . It is the center of Keihanshin area . Osaka is one of the two urban prefectures ( 府 , fu ) of Japan , Kyoto being the other ( Tokyo became a metropolitan prefecture , or to , in 1941 ) .'}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fujii-dera', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fujii-dera', 'summary': 'Fujii-dera ( 葛井寺 ) is a Buddhist temple in Fujiidera , Osaka , Japan . The temple is associated with Shingon Buddhism and has as its main image a sculpture of the Thousand-armed Kannon . It is the fifth temple on the Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage .'}]}, {'value': 'Senju Kannon ( Sahasra-bhuja Sahasra-netra )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fujiidera', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fujiidera,_Osaka', 'summary': 'Fujiidera ( 藤井寺市 , Fujiidera-shi ) is a city located in Osaka Prefecture , Japan . As of October 1 , 2016 , the city has an estimated population of 65,075 and a population density of 7,300 persons per km² . The total area is 8.89 km² .'}]}, {'value': 'Osaka', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Minamihokke-ji ( Tsubosaka-dera )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Senju Kannon ( Sahasra-bhuja Sahasra-netra )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Takatori', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Takatori,_Nara', 'summary': 'Takatori ( 高取町 , Takatori-chō ) is a town located in Takaichi District , Nara Prefecture , Japan . As of March 31 , 2017 , the town has an estimated population of 6,964 . The total area is 25.77 km² .'}]}, {'value': 'Nara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nara_Prefecture', 'summary': "Nara Prefecture ( 奈良県 , Nara-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu . Nara Prefecture has a population of 1,348,930 ( 1 September 2017 ) and has a geographic area of 3,691 km² ( 1,425 sq mi ) . Nara Prefecture borders Kyoto Prefecture to the north , Osaka Prefecture to the northwest , Wakayama Prefecture to the southwest , and Mie Prefecture to the east . Nara is the capital and largest city of Nara Prefecture , with other major cities including Kashihara , Ikoma , and Yamatokōriyama . Nara Prefecture is located in the center of the Kii Peninsula on Japan 's Pacific Ocean coast , and is one of only eight landlocked prefectures . Nara Prefecture has the distinction of having more UNESCO World Heritage listings than any other prefecture in Japan ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oka-dera', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oka-dera', 'summary': "Oka-dera ( 岡寺 ) is a major Buddhist temple in the historic Asuka area of Nara Prefecture , Japan . Its formal name is Ryūgai-ji ( 龍蓋寺 , Dragon Lid Temple ) and is associated with the Shingon-Buzan sect . It was founded by Priest Gien ( 義淵 ) during the 7th century , and is the 7th temple on the Kansai Kannon Pilgrimage . The statue of Gien is one of the national treasures of Japan . At the heart of the temple is Japan 's largest clay image , a Nyoirin Kannon from the 8th century . The temple can be accessed from either Okadera Station or Asuka Station on Kintetsu Yoshino Line , or by car on Route 169 . Note if visiting by train that the temple is several kilometers from either of these stations , in the hills to the east of Asuka-mura ."}]}, {'value': 'Nyoirin Kannon ( Cintāmani-cakra )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Asuka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Asuka,_Nara', 'summary': "Asuka ( 明日香村 , Asuka-mura ) is a village located in Takaichi District , Nara Prefecture , Japan . As of April 1 , 2017 , the village has an estimated population of 5,681 , with 2,170 households , and a population density of 240 persons per km² . The total area is 24.08 km² . Asuka is the land where ancient Asuka ( 飛鳥 ) palaces were located . There are strict rules governing construction in this historic town . Asuka can be reached from Okadera or Asuka Station on Kintetsu Yoshino Line train line . Although it 's outside Asuka , Kashiharajingū-mae Station in neighboring Kashihara has service on the Kintetsu Kashihara Line , Minami Osaka Line and Yoshino Lines . By car , Asuka is on Route 169 ."}]}, {'value': 'Nara', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bangai', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hōki-in', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sakurai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sakurai,_Nara', 'summary': 'Sakurai ( 桜井市 , Sakurai-shi ) is a city located in Nara Prefecture , Japan . As of March 31 , 2017 , the city has an estimated population of 58,386 , and 24,629 households . The population density is 590 persons per km² , and the total area is 98.92 km² .'}]}, {'value': 'Nara', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hase-dera', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hase-dera', 'summary': 'Hase-dera ( 長谷寺 ) is the main temple of the Buzan sect of Shingon Buddhism . The temple is located in Sakurai , Nara Prefecture , Japan . The Main Hall is a National Treasure of Japan .'}]}, {'value': 'Jūichimen Kannon ( Ekādaśamukha )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sakurai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sakurai,_Nara', 'summary': 'Sakurai ( 桜井市 , Sakurai-shi ) is a city located in Nara Prefecture , Japan . As of March 31 , 2017 , the city has an estimated population of 58,386 , and 24,629 households . The population density is 590 persons per km² , and the total area is 98.92 km² .'}]}, {'value': 'Nara', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Nan'endō ( Kofuku-ji )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kōfuku-ji', 'summary': 'Kōfuku-ji ( 興福寺 , Kōfuku-ji ) is a Buddhist temple that was once one of the powerful Seven Great Temples in the city of Nara , Japan . The temple is the national headquarters of the Hossō school .'}]}, {'value': 'Fukūkenjaku Kannon ( Amoghapāśa )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Avalokiteśvara', 'summary': 'Avalokiteśvara or Padmapani ( /ˌʌvəloʊkɪˈteɪʃvərə/ UV-əl-oh-kih-TAY-shvər-ə ; Sanskrit : अवलोकितेश्वर ) is a bodhisattva who embodies the compassion of all Buddhas . This bodhisattva is variably depicted , described and portrayed in different cultures as either male or female . In Tibet , he is known as Chenrezig , and in Cambodia as Avloketesvar . In Chinese Buddhism , Avalokiteśvara has evolved into the somewhat different female figure Guanyin , also known in Japan as Kanzeon or Kannon . In Nepal Mandal this figure is known as Jana Baha Dyah , Karunamaya , Seto Machindranath .'}]}, {'value': 'Nara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nara,_Nara', 'summary': 'Nara ( 奈良市 , Nara-shi , Japanese : [ naꜜɾa ] ) is the capital city of Nara Prefecture located in the Kansai region of Japan . The city occupies the northern part of Nara Prefecture , bordering Kyoto Prefecture . Eight temples , shrines , and ruins in Nara remain : specifically Tōdai-ji , Saidai-ji , Kōfuku-ji , Kasuga Shrine , Gangō-ji , Yakushi-ji , Tōshōdai-ji , and the Heijō Palace , together with Kasugayama Primeval Forest , collectively form Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara , a UNESCO World Heritage Site . During the Nara period , Nara was the capital of Japan , and the Emperor lived there before moving the capital to Kyoto .'}]}, {'value': 'Nara', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mimuroto-ji', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Senju Kannon ( Sahasra-bhuja )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Uji', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uji,_Kyoto', 'summary': 'Uji ( 宇治市 , Uji-shi ) is a city on the southern outskirts of the city of Kyoto , in Kyoto Prefecture , Japan . Founded on March 1 , 1951 , Uji is between the two ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto . The city sits on the Uji River , which has its source in Lake Biwa . As of October 1 , 2015 , Uji has an estimated population of 184,726 and is the second largest city in Kyoto Prefecture . It has an area of 67.54 km2 , giving it a population density of 2,735 persons per km2 .'}]}, {'value': 'Kyoto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kyoto_Prefecture', 'summary': "Kyoto Prefecture ( 京都府 , Kyōto-fu ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu . Kyoto Prefecture has a population of 2,610,353 ( 1 October 2015 ) and has a geographic area of 4,612 km² ( 1,780 sq mi ) . Kyoto Prefecture borders Fukui Prefecture to the northeast , Shiga Prefecture to the east , Mie Prefecture to the southeast , Nara Prefecture and Osaka Prefecture to the south , and Hyogo Prefecture to the west . Kyoto is the capital and largest city of Kyoto Prefecture , with other major cities including Uji , Kameoka , and Maizuru . Kyoto Prefecture is located on the Sea of Japan coast and extends to the southeast towards the Kii Peninsula , covering territory of the former provinces of Yamashiro , Tamba , and Tango . Kyoto Prefecture is centered on the historic Imperial capital of Kyoto , and is one of Japan 's two urban prefectures using the designation fu rather than the standard ken for prefectures . Kyoto has made Kyoto Prefecture one of the most popular tourism destinations in Japan for national and international tourists , and 21% of the prefecture 's land area was designated as Natural Parks . Kyoto Prefecture forms part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area , the second-most-populated urban region in Japan after the Greater Tokyo area and one of the world 's most productive regions by GDP ."}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kami Daigo-ji', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daigo-ji', 'summary': 'Daigo-ji ( 醍醐寺 , Daigo-ji ) is a Shingon Buddhist temple in Fushimi-ku , Kyoto , Japan . Its main devotion ( honzon ) is Yakushi . Daigo , literally ghee , is used figuratively to mean crème de la crème and is a metaphor of the most profound part of Buddhist thoughts .'}]}, {'value': 'Juntei Kannon ( Cundi )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cundi_(Buddhism)', 'summary': 'Cundī ( Wylie : skul byed ma , Chinese : 準提菩薩 ) is a bodhisattva and an incarnation of the Cundī Dhāraṇī . Cundī appears with eighteen arms on a lotus flower and is sometimes referred to as the Goddess of the Seventy Million [ Buddhas ] .'}]}, {'value': 'Fushimi-ku , Kyoto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fushimi-ku,_Kyoto', 'summary': 'Although written with different characters now , the name Fushimi ( which used to be its own town ) originally comes from fusu + mizu , meaning hidden water or underground water . In other words , the location was known for good spring water . The water of Fushimi has particularly soft characteristics , making it an essential component to the particular type of sake brewed in Fushimi . This also explains why the area developed as a sake-brewing center in Kyoto . Today , Fushimi is the second greatest area of Japan in terms of sake production , and is where the sake company Gekkeikan was founded .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kyoto', 'summary': "Kyoto ( /kiˈoʊtoʊ , ˈkjoʊtoʊ/ ; 京都 Kyōto , Japanese : [ kʲoꜜːto ] ( listen ) ) , officially Kyoto City ( 京都市 , Kyōto-shi , Japanese : [ kʲoːtoꜜɕi ] ( listen ) ) , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan . Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu , Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kobe . As of 2018 , the city had a population of 1.47 million . In 794 , Kyoto ( then known as Heian-kyō ) was chosen as the new seat of Japan 's imperial court . The Emperors of Japan ruled from Kyoto in the following eleven centuries until 1869 , when the court relocated to Tokyo . The city was devastated during the Ōnin War in the 15th century and went into an extended period of decline , but gradually revived under the Tokugawa shogunate ( 1600-1868 ) and flourished as a major city in Japan . The modern municipality of Kyoto was established in 1889 . The city was spared from large-scale destruction during World War II and as a result , its prewar cultural heritage has mostly been preserved . Kyoto is considered the cultural capital of Japan and a major tourist destination . It is home to numerous Buddhist temples , Shinto shrines , palaces and gardens , many of which are listed collectively by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site . Prominent landmarks include the Kyoto Imperial Palace , Kiyomizu-dera , Kinkaku-ji , Ginkaku-ji and the Katsura Imperial Villa . Kyoto is also a center of higher learning , with Kyoto University being an institution of international renown ."}]}, {'value': 'Kyoto', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shōhō-ji ( Iwama-dera )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Senju Kannon ( Sahasra-bhuja )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Otsu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Otsu,_Shiga', 'summary': 'Ōtsu ( 大津市 , Ōtsu-shi ) is the capital city of Shiga Prefecture , Japan . Ōtsu is known as the main port of Lake Biwa , the largest lake in Japan . It briefly served as the capital of Japan from 667 to 672 AD during the Asuka period ( 538 - 710 ) . The city is home to numerous sites of historical importance , notably the temples of Mii-dera , Ishiyama-dera , and Enryaku-ji and the Hiyoshi Taisha shrine . Enryaku-ji is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto ( Kyoto , Uji and Otsu Cities ) . Ōtsu was incorporated as a town on April 1 , 1889 . In October 1 , 1898 , Ōtsu-town was officially changed to Ōtsu-city . As of October 1 , 2017 , the city has an estimated population of 341,187 and a population density of 730 persons per km2 . The total area is 464.51 km2 ( 179 sq mi ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Shiga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shiga_Prefecture', 'summary': "Shiga Prefecture ( 滋賀県 , Shiga-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu . Shiga Prefecture has a population of 1,412,916 ( 1 October 2015 ) and has a geographic area of 4,017 km² ( 1,551 sq mi ) . Shiga Prefecture borders Fukui Prefecture to the north , Gifu Prefecture to the northeast , Mie Prefecture to the southeast , and Kyoto Prefecture to the west . Ōtsu is the capital and largest city of Shiga Prefecture , with other major cities including Kusatsu , Nagahama , and Higashiōmi . Shiga Prefecture encircles Lake Biwa , the largest freshwater lake in Japan , and 37% of the total land area is designated as Natural Parks , the highest of any prefecture . Shiga Prefecture 's southern half is located adjacent to the former capital city of Kyoto and forms part of Greater Kyoto , the fourth-largest metropolitan area in Japan . Shiga Prefecture is home to Ōmi beef , the Eight Views of Ōmi , and Hikone Castle , one of four national treasure castles in Japan ."}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ishiyama-dera', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ishiyama-dera', 'summary': "Ishiyama-dera ( 石山寺 , Stony Mountain Temple ) is a Shingon temple in Ōtsu in Japan 's Shiga Prefecture . This temple is the thirteenth of the Kansai Kannon Pilgrimage ."}]}, {'value': 'Nyoirin Kannon ( Cintāmani-cakra )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Otsu', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shiga', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mii-dera', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mii-dera', 'summary': "Mii-dera ( 三井寺 , 御井寺 ) , formally called Onjō-ji ( 園城寺 ) , is a Buddhist temple in Japan located at the foot of Mount Hiei , in the city of Ōtsu in Shiga Prefecture . It is only a short distance from both Kyoto , and Lake Biwa , Japan 's largest lake . The head temple of the Jimon sect of Tendai , it is something of a sister temple to Enryaku-ji , at the top of the mountain , and is one of the four largest temples in Japan . Altogether , there are 40 named buildings in the Mii-dera complex . Mii-dera is temple 14 in the Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage ."}]}, {'value': 'Nyoirin Kannon ( Cintāmani-cakra )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Otsu', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shiga', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bangai', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gankei-ji', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gangyō-ji', 'summary': 'Gangyō-ji ( 元慶寺 , Gangyō-ji ) is a Buddhist temple in Kyoto , founded by the priest Henjō . The Emperor Kōkō endowed the temple and the emperor Kazan abdicated in this temple .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kyoto', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kyoto', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Imakumano Kannon-ji', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jūichimen Kannon ( Ekādaśamukha )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Higashiyama-ku , Kyoto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Higashiyama-ku,_Kyoto', 'summary': 'Higashiyama ( 東山区 , Higashiyama-ku , meaning east mountain ) is one of the eleven wards in the city of Kyoto , in Kyoto Prefecture , Japan .'}]}, {'value': 'Kyoto', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kiyomizu-dera', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kiyomizu-dera', 'summary': 'Kiyomizu-dera ( 清水寺 ) , formally Otowa-san Kiyomizu-dera ( 音羽山清水寺 ) , is a Buddhist temple in eastern Kyoto . The temple is part of the Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto ( Kyoto , Uji and Otsu Cities ) UNESCO World Heritage site . The place is not to be confused with Kiyomizu-dera in Yasugi , Shimane , which is part of the 33-temple route of the Chūgoku 33 Kannon Pilgrimage through western Japan , or the Kiyomizu-dera temple associated with the Buddhist priest Nichiren . The temple is currently covered entirely by semi-transparent scaffolding while it is undergoing restoration works in preparation for the 2020 Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Senju Kannon ( Sahasra-bhuja Sahasra-netra )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Higashiyama-ku , Kyoto', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kyoto', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rokuharamitsu-ji', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rokuharamitsu-ji', 'summary': 'Rokuharamitsu-ji ( 六波羅蜜寺 ) is a Buddhist temple in Kyoto , Japan . Founded by Kūya in 951 , the Hondō was burned during the wars at the end of the Heian period . Its replacement of 1363 , damaged during the Meiji period , was restored in 1969 . The temple house a number of statues of the Heian and Kamakura periods that have been designated Important Cultural Properties , including a Kamakura period image of its founder Kūya , as well as a Heian Jūichimen Kannon that is a National Treasure .'}]}, {'value': 'Jūichimen Kannon ( Ekādaśamukha )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Higashiyama-ku , Kyoto', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kyoto', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chōhō-ji ( Rokkaku-dō )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rokkaku-dō_(temple)', 'summary': "The Rokkaku-dō ( 六角堂 , Rokkaku-dō ) , official name Chōhō-ji ( 頂法寺 , Chōhō-ji ) , is a Buddhist temple in Kyoto , Japan , said to have been established by Prince Shōtoku . The name comes from its main hall 's hexagonal shape . This temple is part of the Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage ."}]}, {'value': 'Nyoirin Kannon ( Cintāmani-cakra )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nakagyo-ku , Kyoto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nakagyō-ku,_Kyoto', 'summary': 'Nakagyō-ku ( 中京区 ) is one of the eleven wards in the city of Kyoto , in Kyoto Prefecture , Japan . Its name means central capital ward . As of 2016 , the ward has an estimated population of 110,430 people . Tourism , shopping , and entertainment are the primary sources of income in the area . The Kamo River flows through the district in the area known as Kawaramachi . The three most famous festivals of Kyoto , the Aoi Matsuri , the Gion Matsuri , and the Jidai Matsuri can all be seen in Nakagyō-ku . It is also home to several historical places and temples .'}]}, {'value': 'Kyoto', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Temples', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Saigoku_Kannon_Pilgrimage_0', 'intro': "The Saigoku Kannon Pilgrimage (西国三十三所, Saigoku Sanjūsan-sho) is a pilgrimage of thirty-three Buddhist temples throughout the Kansai region of Japan, similar to the Shikoku Pilgrimage. In addition to the official thirty-three temples, there are an additional three known as bangai (番外). The principal image in each temple is Kannon, known to Westerners as the Bodhisattva of Compassion (or sometimes mistranslated as 'Goddess of Mercy') ; however, there is some variation among the images and the powers they possess. It is traditional for pilgrims to wear white clothing and conical straw hats and to carry walking sticks. While the route was historically traveled by foot, today pilgrims usually use cars or trains. Pilgrims record their progress with a prayer book (納経帖, Nōkyō-chō), which the temple staff mark with red stamps and Japanese calligraphy indicating the temple number, the temple name, and the specific name of the Kannon image. Some pilgrims receive the stamps and calligraphy on wall scrolls (for a decorative hanging) and on their white coats (to be cremated in) as well. The goeika songs of the 33 temples are widely known and frequently grouped together. [clarification needed]"}
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What is the honzon of the temple that is currently undergoing restoration works in preparation for the 2020 Olympics ?
Senju Kannon
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912_Summer_Olympics', 'title': '1912 Summer Olympics', 'header': ['Venue', 'Sports', 'Capacity'], 'data': [{'value': 'Barkarby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barkarby', 'summary': 'Barkarby is a district of Järfälla Municipality , Stockholm County , Sweden and part of the contiguously built-up Stockholm urban area . Barkarby has a station of the Stockholm commuter rail network .'}]}, {'value': 'Modern pentathlon ( riding )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Modern_pentathlon_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Modern pentathlon was first contested at the Olympic Games at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm . The sport was invented by Baron Pierre de Coubertin , the founder of the modern Olympic Games .'}]}, {'value': 'Not listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Djurgårdsbrunnsviken', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Djurgårdsbrunnsviken', 'summary': 'Djurgårdsbrunnsviken is a bay in central Stockholm , Sweden , together with the canal Djurgårdsbrunnskanalen forming the northern shore line of the island Djurgården ( or more correctly between Northern and Southern Djurgården ) . The bridge Djurgårdsbron stretches over the bay .'}]}, {'value': 'Diving , Modern pentathlon ( swimming ) , Rowing , Swimming , Water polo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diving_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm , four diving events were contested . For the first time , women competed in diving at the Olympic Games . The competitions were held from Saturday July 6 , 1912 to Monday July 15 , 1912 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rowing_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Rowing at the 1912 Summer Olympics featured four events , for men only . All races were held in Djurgårdsbrunnsviken from Thursday to Saturday , 17 to 19 July .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "At the 1912 Summer Olympics , nine swimming events were contested . Swimming events were held in a 100 m course built in Stockholm harbor . For the first time , women 's events were part of the Olympic swimming program . The competitions were held from Saturday July 6 , 1912 , to Friday July 12 , 1912 . There was a total of 120 participants from 17 countries competing ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm saw the fourth water polo tournament at Olympics . All games took place in the newly built swimming stadium in Djurgårdsbrunnsviken from 7 to 16 July 1912 . All medals were decided by using the Bergvall system .'}]}, {'value': 'Not listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fältrittklubben', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fältrittklubben', 'summary': 'Fältrittklubben ( more specifically Stockholms fältrittklubb ) or the Stockholm Cross Country Riding Club is an equestrian club located in Stockholm , Sweden , established in 1886 by Prince Carl , Duke of Västergötland . During the 1912 Summer Olympics , it hosted the endurance trials for the equestrian eventing competition .'}]}, {'value': 'Equestrian ( eventing endurance )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The equestrian program at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm , included five medal events . There were individual competitions in dressage , eventing , and show jumping . Team scores were also gathered and medals awarded for teams in the eventing and jumping competitions . Equestrian had been absent from the Olympic program since the 1900 Summer Olympics , making the 1912 Games the second time the sport was featured . Ten nations competed : Belgium , Chile , Denmark , France , Germany , Great Britain , Norway , Russia , Sweden , and the USA . Only Sweden and Germany were able to supply a full team for all three disciplines , with several countries ( Belgium , Denmark , France , Great Britain , Norway and the USA ) having several riders and horses used in two or even all three disciplines . A total of 88 entries ran in the three events , with 62 riders and 70 horses .'}]}, {'value': 'Not listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kaknäs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kaknäs', 'summary': 'Kaknäs is a former village in Medieval times located in Stockholm , Sweden , as part of the Ladugårdsgärdet area . It is the site of several archeological finds and has given its name to Kaknästornet . During the 1912 Summer Olympics , it hosted several shooting events . The shooting part of the modern pentathlon competition also took place here .'}]}, {'value': 'Modern pentathlon ( shooting )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Not listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Liljeholmen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liljeholmen', 'summary': 'Liljeholmen is a district of the Hägersten-Liljeholmen borough in Söderort , the southern suburban part of Stockholm . Coordinates : 59°18′36″N 18°01′21″E / 59.31000°N 18.02250°E / 59.31000 ; 18.02250 In 1860 Liljeholmen became the first suburb outside Stockholm city limits . The district was a municipal community in Brännkyrka municipality until 1913 , when it was incorporated into Stockholm . During the 1912 Summer Olympics , it hosted parts of the cycling and equestrian events . Liljeholmen contains industries and offices in Årstadal , apartments in Nybohov and Nyboda and Lake Trekanten . New residential areas are being built around the central square , former industrial areas near Årstaviken , and at Marievik as a part of several projects to enlarge the inner core of Stockholm . Metro lines 13 and 14 stop at Liljeholmen Metro station and there are 3 tram stops for Tvärbanan in the district : Årstadal , Liljeholmen and Trekanten .'}]}, {'value': 'Cycling , Equestrian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm , one cycling event was contested on Sunday , 7 July . This event was a time trial which also counted as an individual race . For the only time in Olympic history , no track cycling events were held .'}]}, {'value': 'Not listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lindarängen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lindarängen', 'summary': "Lindarängen is a location outside Stockholm , Sweden . During the 1912 Summer Olympics , it hosted the steeplechase trials for the equestrian eventing competition . Between 1921 and 1952 Lindarängen also hosted Stockholm 's water airport for seaplanes ."}]}, {'value': 'Equestrian ( eventing steeplechase )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Not listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mälaren', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mälaren', 'summary': 'Mälaren ( UK : /ˈmɛlərɛn/ MEL-ər-en , US : /ˈmeɪlɑːrən/ MAY-lar-ən , Swedish : [ ˈmɛ̂ːlarɛn ] ( listen ) or [ ˈmɛ̂ːlaɳ ] ) , historically referred to as Lake Malar ( UK : /ˈmeɪlər/ MAY-lər , US : /ˈmɛlɑːr/ MEL-ar ) in English , is the third-largest freshwater lake in Sweden ( after Vänern and Vättern ) . Its area is 1,140 km2 and its greatest depth is 64 m. Mälaren spans 120 kilometers from east to west . The lake drains , from south-west to north-east , into the Baltic Sea through its natural outlets Norrström and Söderström ( as it flows around Stadsholmen island ) and through the artificial Södertälje Canal and Hammarbyleden waterway . The easternmost bay of Mälaren , in central Stockholm , is called Riddarfjärden . The lake is located in Svealand and bounded by the provinces of Uppland , Södermanland , Närke , and Västmanland . The two largest islands in Mälaren are Selaön ( 91 km2 ) and Svartsjölandet ( 79 km2 ) . The Viking Age settlements Birka on the island of Björkö and Hovgården on the neighbouring island Adelsö have been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1993 , as has Drottningholm Palace on the island of Lovön . The barrow of Björn Ironside is on the island of Munsö , within the lake .'}]}, {'value': 'Cycling', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Not listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nynäshamn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nynäshamn', 'summary': 'Nynäshamn is a locality and the seat of Nynäshamn Municipality , Stockholm County , Sweden with 13,510 inhabitants in 2010 . While interest in the area as a potentially useful port grew from the mid 19th Century , it was only with the opening of the railway to Stockholm in 1901 that Nynäshamn started to develop . During the early 20th Century , Nynäshamn also became well known as a spa town , though most such facilities were closed down before the end of World War I . Main industries arrived through Telegrafverkets verkstäder ( the factories of the Government owned telephone company ) in 1916 and an oil refinery built in 1928-29 by Axel Ax : son Johnson & Co . The latter still remains though under different ownership and under the name Nynas . Nynäshamn was the venue of the Olympic sailing regatta in 1912 .'}]}, {'value': 'Sailing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad ( 1896 Olympics in Athens , Greece ) . With the exception of 1904 and the canceled 1916 Summer Olympics , sailing has always been included on the Olympic schedule . The Sailing program of 1912 consisted of a total of four sailing classes ( disciplines ) . For each class two races were scheduled from 19 July 1912 to 22 July 1912 off the coast of Nynäshamn at the Baltic Sea .'}]}, {'value': 'Not listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Östermalm Athletic Grounds', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Östermalm_Athletic_Grounds', 'summary': "Östermalms IP is a sports ground located in the Östermalm district of Stockholm , Sweden . Completed in 1906 , the facility played host to several sports during the 1912 Summer Olympics . These sports included equestrian , fencing ( including the part for the modern pentathlon ) , and tennis . It also hosted the exhibition for baseball at those same games . Current tenants are the bandy department of Djurgårdens IF , the youth program of the said club 's football department and several lower league teams . The athletic grounds also hosts a speed skating rink during winter . The ice hockey rink was completed for the 1926-1927 season ."}]}, {'value': 'Equestrian , Fencing , Modern pentathlon ( fencing ) , Tennis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1912 Summer Olympics , five fencing events were contested .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tennis_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "At the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm , Sweden eight tennis events were contested divided over two tournaments ; an indoor covered courts tournament , played on wood , held from May 5 until May 12 and an outdoor hard court tournament , played on clay , held from June 28 until July 5 . Tennis on covered courts was agreed initially for the 1912 Games , with competitions run for gentlemen 's singles and doubles , ladies ' singles and mixed doubles . The outdoor tournament was confirmed once the Östermalm Athletic Grounds were completed in late 1911 , with the plans modified to have both indoor and outdoor tournaments . Six countries sent players for the covered court competitions , with representatives from Sweden , Great Britain , Denmark , France , Australasia and Bohemia appearing . Included in this lineup was Australasia 's only competitor , the New Zealander Anthony Wilding , who was also the reigning Wimbledon gentlemen 's champion . The indoor knockout competition started on 5 May , and continued as expected until the semi final round where Wilding was beaten by Britain 's Charles P. Dixon . The British player met Frenchman André Gobert in the final , but Gobert was victorious over the Englishman in straight sets . Wilding took the bronze medal in a playoff against another British player , Arthur Lowe . The outdoors tennis competition saw seventy players enter from twelve nations . However , Great Britain did not enter any competitors as the dates of the outdoor competition clashed with the 1912 Wimbledon Championships despite attempts by the British authorities to convince the Olympic organizing committee to change the dates . Other noted tennis players including Anthony Wilding , André Gobert and Arthur Gore refused to compete at the Olympics and instead attended Wimbledon . The gold and silver medals in the gentlemen 's singles ended up being decided between two South Africans , with Charles Winslow and Harold Kitson playing each other ."}]}, {'value': 'Not listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Råsunda IP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Råsunda_IP', 'summary': 'Råsunda IP ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈrôːˌsɵnːda ] ( listen ) ) was a football stadium in Solna , Sweden and the former home stadium for the football team AIK before the construction of Råsunda Stadium . It was founded in 1910 and was demolished in 1937 when Råsunda Stadium was built on the existing site of the stadium'}]}, {'value': 'Football , Shooting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Football_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Football at the 1912 Summer Olympics was one of the 102 events at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm , Sweden . It was the fourth time that football was on the Olympic schedule . The tournament was contested between 11 nations , all of them from Europe , with Great Britain winning the gold medals ( the IOC accredits Great Britain and Ireland with the medal ) . Replicating the 1908 tournament , Denmark won silver medals and the Netherlands won bronze medals . Just as the Football Association had organised the 1908 Olympic football competition in London , the Swedish Football Association ran the 1912 event . The games took place in three different stadiums from June 29 to July 5 , 1912 . From the eleven games of the main tournament , two were played at Tranebergs Idrottsplats in a suburb of Stockholm , five games including the bronze medal match took place at Råsunda Idrottsplats also outside Stockholm , while four games including the final were held at the Olympiastadion .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm , 18 events in shooting were contested .'}]}, {'value': 'Not listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stockholm Olympic Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stockholm_Olympic_Stadium', 'summary': 'Stockholm Olympic Stadium ( Swedish : Stockholms Olympiastadion ) , most often called Stockholms stadion or ( especially locally ) simply Stadion , is a stadium in Stockholm , Sweden . Designed by architect Torben Grut , it was opened in 1912 , its original use was as a venue for the 1912 Olympic Games . At the 1912 Games , it hosted the athletics , some of the equestrian , some of the football , gymnastics , the running part of the modern pentathlon , tug of war , and wrestling events . It has a capacity of 13,145-14,500 depending on usage and a capacity of nearly 33,000 for concerts .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics , Equestrian , Football ( football ) , Gymnastics , Modern pentathlon ( running ) , Tug of war , Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'These are the results of athletics competition at the 1912 Summer Olympics . 30 events were contested , all for men only . The athletics programme grew by 4 events since the 1908 Summer Olympics . The 5000 and 10000 metre races were introduced , as the 5 mile event was eliminated . The 400 metre hurdle event made a brief disappearance , making the 1912 Olympics the only time that event was not held since its introduction in 1900 . The 4x100 and 4x400 relays replaced the medley relay while the team race was shortened from 3 miles to 3000 metres . The decathlon , which had been held in 1904 but not in 1908 , returned to the programme . Steeplechasing was eliminated , while racewalking was cut from 2 events to 1 with the 10 kilometre replacing the 10 mile and the 3500 metre eliminated . The pentathlon was introduced ( as well as the separate sport modern pentathlon ) . The 1908 experiments of the Greek-style discus and the restricted javelin were replaced with two-handed throwing , for the shot put , discus , and javelin . Cross-country events , both for the individual and the team , were introduced . The competitions were held from Saturday , July 6 , 1912 to Monday , July 15 , 1912 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Four gymnastics events were held at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm , Sweden . Including the display the competitions were held between 6 and 15 July 1912 . All events took place in the Olympiastadion .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tug_of_war_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The tug of war contest at the 1912 Summer Olympics consisted of a single match , as only two teams entered the competition . Sweden was represented by the Stockholm Police , while Great Britain 's team came from the defending champion City of London Police . Austria , Bohemia , and Luxembourg had all entered teams , but failed to appear . The withdrawals of those three teams turned what had been planned as a 10-match round-robin tournament into a single-match bout between Sweden and Great Britain . The bout consisted of a best-two-of-three contest . The competition was held on July 8 , 1912 . In the first pull , the Swedish team steadily pulled the British squad across the center mark . After a five-minute break , the second pull was started . In this one , neither team gained the victory through pulling the other across the line , but after a prolonged stalemate a couple of the London men succumbed to exhaustion and sat on the ground , disqualifying them and giving the Swedes the victory ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1912 Summer Olympics , five wrestling events were contested . They were all for men in the Greco-Roman style . The Light Heavyweight match ended after a nine-hour draw . The match was finally declared a tie and it was decided that they would each receive a silver medal .'}]}, {'value': '33,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tranebergs Idrottsplats', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tranebergs_Idrottsplats', 'summary': 'Tranebergs Idrottsplats was a football stadium in Traneberg district , western Stockholm , Sweden . It was opened in September 1911 . Tranebergs Idrottsplats served as the home ground of Djurgårdens IF for 25 seasons . Stadium was demolished in 1936 .'}]}, {'value': 'Football', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Not listed', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Venues', 'section_text': "[ [ File : BarkarbyDjur.Fält.KaknäsLiljeholmenLindarängenMälarenNynäshamnÖstermalmsRåsunda IPStadionTranebergs|1200px|alt=Map of the Stockholm region with Olympic venues marked . ] ] [ [ : File : BarkarbyDjur.Fält.KaknäsLiljeholmenLindarängenMälarenNynäshamnÖstermalmsRåsunda IPStadionTranebergs| ] ] Map of the Stockholm region with Olympic venues marked . The front gate of the Stockholm Olympic Stadium , which was built for the 1912 Games Twelve sports venues were used in the 1912 Summer Olympics . This marked the first time that more than one venue would be used for the football tournament , which has been the case ever since . [ citation needed ] Stockholm Olympic Stadium served as one of the equestrian venues for the 1956 Summer Olympics . Råsunda Stadium served as a venue for the 1958 FIFA World Cup and the 1995 FIFA Women 's World Cup . In the initial bid document it was identified that a new stadium would be needed , initially envisaged as being located in the Östermalm Athletic Grounds . In order to save funds , it was expected that only one of the stadium 's stands would be permanent , with the other three made of wood and dismantled following the Games . The cost of that stadium was estimated at 235,000 Kronor . [ 3 ] Arrangements were made with the individual national committees to provide the use of Östermalm Athletic Grounds and Traneberg . [ 13 ] The cycling road race was held around Mälaren , the third largest lake in Sweden . [ 14 ] The water events , including the swimming and the rowing , were held at Djurgårdsbrunnsviken , where a stadium was built . Kaknäs was already used as a shooting range , but alterations were needed to accommodate shooting events . Although it was not used as the Olympic stadium as originally intended , Östermalm hosted the lawn tennis and fencing competitions after a tennis pavilion was moved there from another location . [ 15 ] Five other locations were considered in addition to the Östermalm Athletic Grounds to locate the Olympic Stadium . The Stockholm Olympic Stadium was built on the site of the former Stockholm Athletic Grounds in order to retain the other locations for other uses during the Games . By placing it to the north of the city , the Olympic Stadium was within the immediate vicinity of other pre-existing sporting venues . Initial funding was given to the sum of 400,000 Kr for a timber stadium but Torben Grut , [ 16 ] the architect , also drew up alternative plans for a stone stadium . Following discussions with the Swedish Central Association for the Application of Athletics , it was decided that the stone version should be built , and further funds were made available through a national lottery once guarantees were made that no further funding was to be asked for in order to build the stadium . [ 17 ] However it was found that the original estimate for the stone stadium would still be too expensive , and the plans were once more modified in order to simplify the design and reduce costs . An agreement was entered into with a contractor on 2 November 1910 that it would be transferred complete by 25 May 1912 . [ 18 ]", 'uid': 'Venues_of_the_1912_Summer_Olympics_0', 'intro': "The 1912 Summer Olympics (Swedish: Olympiska sommarspelen 1912), officially known as the Games of the V Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event held in Stockholm, Sweden, between 5 May and 22 July 1912. Twenty-eight nations and 2,408 competitors, including 48 women, competed in 102 events in 14 sports. With the exception of tennis (starting on 5 May) and football and shooting (both starting on 29 June), the games were held within a month with an official opening on 6 July. It was the last Olympics to issue solid gold medals and, with Japan's debut, the first time an Asian nation participated. Stockholm was the only bid for the games, and was selected in 1909. The games were the first to have art competitions, women's diving, women's swimming, and the first to feature both the decathlon and the new pentathlon, both won by Jim Thorpe. Electric timing was introduced in athletics, while the host country disallowed boxing. Figure skating was rejected by the organizers because they wanted to promote the Nordic Games. United States won the most gold medals (25), while Sweden won the most medals overall (65)."}
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How many sports held events at the venue located at the northern shore line of the island Djurgården ?
4
048875290bd58526
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_TT_Pro_League', 'title': '2009 TT Pro League', 'header': ['Player', 'For', 'Against', 'Result', 'Date'], 'data': [{'value': 'Kendall Velox', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kendall_Velox', 'summary': 'Kendall Velox ( born 18 August 1971 in Kingstown ) is a retired Vincentian footballer who represented St Vincent & Grenadines at international level .'}]}, {'value': 'Caledonia AIA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caledonia_AIA_F.C.', 'summary': "Morvant Caledonia United ( formerly known as Caledonia AIA ) is a professional football team in Trinidad and Tobago 's top-level TT Pro League . It is based in Morvant , and its home stadium is Hasely Crawford Stadium ."}]}, {'value': 'Police *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Police_F.C._(Trinidad_and_Tobago)', 'summary': 'Police Football Club is a football team from Trinidad and Tobago based in Saint James , and is currently a member of the TT Pro League , the highest level of football in Trinidad .'}]}, {'value': '2-6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '23 May 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Keyon Edwards', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caledonia AIA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caledonia_AIA_F.C.', 'summary': "Morvant Caledonia United ( formerly known as Caledonia AIA ) is a professional football team in Trinidad and Tobago 's top-level TT Pro League . It is based in Morvant , and its home stadium is Hasely Crawford Stadium ."}]}, {'value': "St. Ann 's Rangers *", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/St._Ann's_Rangers_F.C.", 'summary': "St. Ann 's Rangers Football Club was a Trinidad and Tobago football and a member of the TT Pro League . The team was based in St. Ann 's and they played their home games at the Hasely Crawford Stadium in Mucurapo ."}]}, {'value': '0-6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16 June 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Keyon Edwards', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caledonia AIA *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caledonia_AIA_F.C.', 'summary': "Morvant Caledonia United ( formerly known as Caledonia AIA ) is a professional football team in Trinidad and Tobago 's top-level TT Pro League . It is based in Morvant , and its home stadium is Hasely Crawford Stadium ."}]}, {'value': 'Tobago United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tobago_United_F.C.', 'summary': "Tobago United Football Club was a football club from Trinidad and Tobago , that played in Professional Football League of Trinidad . The team 's home stadium was Dwight Yorke Stadium , 3 km from Scarborough , Tobago 's main town ."}]}, {'value': '5-3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '23 June 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kerry Baptiste', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kerry_Baptiste', 'summary': 'Kerry Baptiste ( born 1 December 1981 ) is a Trinidadian football striker , who currently plays for the Tampa Bay Rowdies in the North American Soccer League .'}]}, {'value': 'Joe Public', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joe_Public_F.C.', 'summary': 'Joe Public Football Club is a football club from Trinidad and Tobago and used to play in the TT Pro League . Nicknamed the Eastern Lions , they are owned by former FIFA vice-president Jack Warner . Joe Public also sponsors the Munroe Road Cricket Club .'}]}, {'value': "St. Ann 's Rangers *", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/St._Ann's_Rangers_F.C.", 'summary': "St. Ann 's Rangers Football Club was a Trinidad and Tobago football and a member of the TT Pro League . The team was based in St. Ann 's and they played their home games at the Hasely Crawford Stadium in Mucurapo ."}]}, {'value': '3-5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21 July 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kerry Baptiste', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kerry_Baptiste', 'summary': 'Kerry Baptiste ( born 1 December 1981 ) is a Trinidadian football striker , who currently plays for the Tampa Bay Rowdies in the North American Soccer League .'}]}, {'value': 'Joe Public', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joe_Public_F.C.', 'summary': 'Joe Public Football Club is a football club from Trinidad and Tobago and used to play in the TT Pro League . Nicknamed the Eastern Lions , they are owned by former FIFA vice-president Jack Warner . Joe Public also sponsors the Munroe Road Cricket Club .'}]}, {'value': 'Defence Force *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defence_Force_F.C.', 'summary': "Defence Force Football Club is a football club based in Chaguaramas , Trinidad and Tobago that currently plays in the country 's TT Pro League . The team plays its home games in Hasely Crawford Stadium in Mucurapo , Trinidad ."}]}, {'value': '4-3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4 August 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anthony Wolfe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anthony_Wolfe', 'summary': 'Anthony Wolfe CM ( born 23 December 1983 is a Trinidadian footballer who plays as a Striker for the Churchill Brothers in the I-League .'}]}, {'value': 'Ma Pau *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ma_Pau_SC', 'summary': 'Ma Pau Stars Sports Club is a football club from Trinidad and Tobago that began playing in the TT Pro League in 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'Caledonia AIA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caledonia_AIA_F.C.', 'summary': "Morvant Caledonia United ( formerly known as Caledonia AIA ) is a professional football team in Trinidad and Tobago 's top-level TT Pro League . It is based in Morvant , and its home stadium is Hasely Crawford Stadium ."}]}, {'value': '4-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14 August 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aurtis Whitley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aurtis_Whitley', 'summary': 'Aurtis Whitley CM ( AKA Otis Seaton ) ( born May 1 , 1977 ) is a Trinidad and Tobago footballer who plays as a midfielder for W Connection F.C . in the TT Pro League and current captain of the Trinidad and Tobago national football team .'}]}, {'value': 'United Petrotrin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Petrotrin_F.C.', 'summary': 'United Petrotrin Football Club was a football club from Trinidad and Tobago and a former member of the TT Pro League of Trinidad . It was dissolved in 2009 .'}]}, {'value': "St. Ann 's Rangers *", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/St._Ann's_Rangers_F.C.", 'summary': "St. Ann 's Rangers Football Club was a Trinidad and Tobago football and a member of the TT Pro League . The team was based in St. Ann 's and they played their home games at the Hasely Crawford Stadium in Mucurapo ."}]}, {'value': '1-4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22 August 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Devorn Jorsling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Devorn_Jorsling', 'summary': 'Devorn Jorsling ( born 27 December 1983 in Morvant ) is a Trinidadian footballer who currently plays for Defence Force .'}]}, {'value': 'Defence Force', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defence_Force_F.C.', 'summary': "Defence Force Football Club is a football club based in Chaguaramas , Trinidad and Tobago that currently plays in the country 's TT Pro League . The team plays its home games in Hasely Crawford Stadium in Mucurapo , Trinidad ."}]}, {'value': 'Police *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Police_F.C._(Trinidad_and_Tobago)', 'summary': 'Police Football Club is a football team from Trinidad and Tobago based in Saint James , and is currently a member of the TT Pro League , the highest level of football in Trinidad .'}]}, {'value': '1-5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22 August 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Devorn Jorsling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Devorn_Jorsling', 'summary': 'Devorn Jorsling ( born 27 December 1983 in Morvant ) is a Trinidadian footballer who currently plays for Defence Force .'}]}, {'value': 'Defence Force', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defence_Force_F.C.', 'summary': "Defence Force Football Club is a football club based in Chaguaramas , Trinidad and Tobago that currently plays in the country 's TT Pro League . The team plays its home games in Hasely Crawford Stadium in Mucurapo , Trinidad ."}]}, {'value': "St. Ann 's Rangers *", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/St._Ann's_Rangers_F.C.", 'summary': "St. Ann 's Rangers Football Club was a Trinidad and Tobago football and a member of the TT Pro League . The team was based in St. Ann 's and they played their home games at the Hasely Crawford Stadium in Mucurapo ."}]}, {'value': '2-3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '28 August 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kerry Baptiste', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kerry_Baptiste', 'summary': 'Kerry Baptiste ( born 1 December 1981 ) is a Trinidadian football striker , who currently plays for the Tampa Bay Rowdies in the North American Soccer League .'}]}, {'value': 'Joe Public', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joe_Public_F.C.', 'summary': 'Joe Public Football Club is a football club from Trinidad and Tobago and used to play in the TT Pro League . Nicknamed the Eastern Lions , they are owned by former FIFA vice-president Jack Warner . Joe Public also sponsors the Munroe Road Cricket Club .'}]}, {'value': 'Police *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Police_F.C._(Trinidad_and_Tobago)', 'summary': 'Police Football Club is a football team from Trinidad and Tobago based in Saint James , and is currently a member of the TT Pro League , the highest level of football in Trinidad .'}]}, {'value': '0-7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '29 August 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Conrad Smith', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Conrad_Smith_(footballer)', 'summary': 'Conrad Smith ( born April 12 , 1981 in Port of Spain ) is a Trinidad and Tobago football player .'}]}, {'value': 'Joe Public', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joe_Public_F.C.', 'summary': 'Joe Public Football Club is a football club from Trinidad and Tobago and used to play in the TT Pro League . Nicknamed the Eastern Lions , they are owned by former FIFA vice-president Jack Warner . Joe Public also sponsors the Munroe Road Cricket Club .'}]}, {'value': 'Police *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Police_F.C._(Trinidad_and_Tobago)', 'summary': 'Police Football Club is a football team from Trinidad and Tobago based in Saint James , and is currently a member of the TT Pro League , the highest level of football in Trinidad .'}]}, {'value': '0-7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '29 August 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andrei Pacheco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrei_Pacheco', 'summary': 'Andrei Pacheco ( born 20 September 1984 in Princes Town ) is a Trinidad and Tobago football ( soccer ) player , who played for W Connection and currently plays for Marabella Family Crisis Centre .'}]}, {'value': 'W Connection', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/W_Connection_F.C.', 'summary': "W Connection Football Club is a football club from Trinidad and Tobago , which currently plays in the TT Pro League . The club plays its home games at the Manny Ramjohn Stadium in Marabella . The club 's offices are based at the Point Lisas Industrial Estate in Trinidad and Tobago and sponsors the Wanderers Cricket Club , formerly sponsored by Caroni Limited ."}]}, {'value': 'United Petrotrin *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Petrotrin_F.C.', 'summary': 'United Petrotrin Football Club was a football club from Trinidad and Tobago and a former member of the TT Pro League of Trinidad . It was dissolved in 2009 .'}]}, {'value': '2-5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '29 August 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jonathan Faña', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jonathan_Faña', 'summary': 'Jonathan Rafael Faña Frías ( born 11 April 1987 ) is a Dominican footballer who plays as a forward for Atlético San Francisco and the Dominican Republic national team . Faña is the second Dominican Republic international top goalscorer with 20 goals in official matches behind Harvey Reyes .'}]}, {'value': 'W Connection *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/W_Connection_F.C.', 'summary': "W Connection Football Club is a football club from Trinidad and Tobago , which currently plays in the TT Pro League . The club plays its home games at the Manny Ramjohn Stadium in Marabella . The club 's offices are based at the Point Lisas Industrial Estate in Trinidad and Tobago and sponsors the Wanderers Cricket Club , formerly sponsored by Caroni Limited ."}]}, {'value': 'Police', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Police_F.C._(Trinidad_and_Tobago)', 'summary': 'Police Football Club is a football team from Trinidad and Tobago based in Saint James , and is currently a member of the TT Pro League , the highest level of football in Trinidad .'}]}, {'value': '8-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4 September 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alusine Bangura', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'W Connection *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/W_Connection_F.C.', 'summary': "W Connection Football Club is a football club from Trinidad and Tobago , which currently plays in the TT Pro League . The club plays its home games at the Manny Ramjohn Stadium in Marabella . The club 's offices are based at the Point Lisas Industrial Estate in Trinidad and Tobago and sponsors the Wanderers Cricket Club , formerly sponsored by Caroni Limited ."}]}, {'value': 'Police', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Police_F.C._(Trinidad_and_Tobago)', 'summary': 'Police Football Club is a football team from Trinidad and Tobago based in Saint James , and is currently a member of the TT Pro League , the highest level of football in Trinidad .'}]}, {'value': '8-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4 September 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Richard Roy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richard_Roy_(footballer)', 'summary': 'Richard Roy ( born 10 October 1987 ) is a Trinidadian international footballer who plays for Indian club NEROCA , as a striker . He has previously played for Defence Force in his homeland , and Scottish clubs Hamilton Academical and Broughty Athletic .'}]}, {'value': 'Defence Force', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defence_Force_F.C.', 'summary': "Defence Force Football Club is a football club based in Chaguaramas , Trinidad and Tobago that currently plays in the country 's TT Pro League . The team plays its home games in Hasely Crawford Stadium in Mucurapo , Trinidad ."}]}, {'value': 'San Juan Jabloteh *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Juan_Jabloteh_F.C.', 'summary': "San Juan Jabloteh Football Club is a football club located in San Juan , Trinidad and Tobago that plays in the country 's TT Pro League . The team plays its home games in Hasely Crawford Stadium in Mucurapo , Trinidad ."}]}, {'value': '5-4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15 October 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Noel Williams', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'San Juan Jabloteh *', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Juan_Jabloteh_F.C.', 'summary': "San Juan Jabloteh Football Club is a football club located in San Juan , Trinidad and Tobago that plays in the country 's TT Pro League . The team plays its home games in Hasely Crawford Stadium in Mucurapo , Trinidad ."}]}, {'value': 'Defence Force', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defence_Force_F.C.', 'summary': "Defence Force Football Club is a football club based in Chaguaramas , Trinidad and Tobago that currently plays in the country 's TT Pro League . The team plays its home games in Hasely Crawford Stadium in Mucurapo , Trinidad ."}]}, {'value': '5-4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15 October 2009', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Season statistics -- Scoring', 'section_text': 'Main article : List of TT Pro League hat-tricks', 'uid': '2009_TT_Pro_League_0', 'intro': "The 2009 TT Pro League season (known as the Digicel Pro League for sponsorship reasons) was the eleventh season of the TT Pro League, the Trinidad and Tobago professional league for association football clubs, since its establishment in 1999. A total of eleven teams contested the league, with San Juan Jabloteh the defending champions. The season began on 8 May, with Super Friday, and ended on 27 October. The format of the season was changed from each club playing three rounds to two rounds in the regular season to facilitate the national team with its attempt to qualify for the 2010 FIFA World Cup. Police were re-admitted into the league following a one-year absence, whereas FC South End were admitted as a new club. However, North East Stars withdrew siting the state of their home ground, Sangre Grande Recreational Ground, for the past few years as the cause to sit out the season. The Sangre Grande Boys stated that they intend to return to the league for 2010. Furthermore, Caledonia AIA changed the name of the club to Caledonia AIA of Morvant/Laventille. The first goal of the season was scored by Caledonia AIA's Walter Moore against Joe Public in the second minute of the first game on 8 May. Kendall Velox of Caledonia AIA scored the first hat-trick of the season against Police on 23 May. Kerry Baptiste won the Golden Boot by providing 35 goals for Joe Public on their way to becoming league champions. On 12 September, Joe Public used a 2-1 win over W Connection at Manny Ramjohn Stadium to clinch the regular season crown on 41 points."}
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What is the date of the match for the player who was born on 23 December 1983 ?
14 August 2009
04893c41103c3250
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Water_Polo_Association', 'title': 'Western Water Polo Association', 'header': ['Institution', 'Location', 'Nickname', 'Joined', 'Primary Conference', 'Division'], 'data': [{'value': 'United States Air Force Academy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Academy', 'summary': "The United States Air Force Academy ( USAFA , the Air Force Academy , or the Academy ) is a military academy for officer cadets of the United States Air Force and United States Space Force immediately north of Colorado Springs , Colorado . It is the youngest of the five U.S. service academies , having graduated its first class 61 years ago in 1959 , but is the third in seniority . Graduates of the academy 's four-year program receive a Bachelor of Science degree and are commissioned as second lieutenants in the U.S. Air Force or U.S. Space Force . The academy is also one of the largest tourist attractions in Colorado , attracting approximately a million visitors each year . Admission is extremely competitive , with nominations divided equally among Congressional districts . Recent incoming classes have had about 1,200 cadets ; since 2012 , around 20% of each incoming class does not graduate . Tuition along with room and board are all paid for by the Air Force . Cadets receive a monthly stipend , but incur a commitment to serve a number of years of military service after graduation . The program at the academy is guided by the Air Force 's core values of Integrity First , Service Before Self , and Excellence in All We Do , and based on four pillars of excellence : military training , academics , athletics and character development . In addition to a rigorous military training regimen , cadets also take a broad academic course load with an extensive core curriculum in engineering , humanities , social sciences , basic sciences , military studies and physical education . All cadets participate in either intercollegiate or intramural athletics , and a thorough character development and leadership curriculum provides cadets a basis for future officership . Each of the components of the program is intended to give cadets the skills and knowledge that they will need for success as officers ."}]}, {'value': 'Colorado Springs , Colorado', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Colorado_Springs,_Colorado', 'summary': "Colorado Springs is a home rule municipality that is the largest city by area in Colorado as well as the county seat and the most populous municipality of El Paso County , Colorado , United States . It is in east central Colorado , on Fountain Creek , 60 miles ( 97 km ) south of Denver . At 6,035 feet ( 1,839 m ) the city stands over 1 mile ( 1.6 km ) above sea level , though some areas are significantly higher and lower . Colorado Springs is near the base of Pikes Peak , which rises 14,115 feet ( 4,302 m ) above sea level on the eastern edge of the Southern Rocky Mountains . The United States Air Force Academy opened just north of Colorado Springs in 1958 . The city is home to 24 national sports governing bodies , including the United States Olympic Committee , the United States Olympic Training Center , and USA Hockey . The city had an estimated population of 472,688 in 2018 , and a metro population of approximately 738,939 , making it Colorado 's second most populous city , behind Denver , and the 39th most populous city in the United States . The Colorado Springs , CO Metropolitan Statistical Area had an estimated population of 712,327 in 2016 . The city is in the Front Range Urban Corridor , an oblong region of urban population along the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains in Colorado and Wyoming , generally following Interstate 25 . The city covers 194.9 square miles ( 505 km2 ) , making it the most extensive municipality in Colorado . In 2017 and 2018 , Colorado Springs received several accolades . In 2018 U.S. News named it the most desirable place to live in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Falcons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Air_Force_Falcons', 'summary': "The Air Force Falcons are the athletic teams that represent the United States Air Force Academy . The intercollegiate program has 17 men 's and 10 women 's NCAA-sanctioned teams . The current athletic director is Nathan Pine . The majority of the Falcons teams compete as members of the Mountain West Conference ."}]}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mountain West', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mountain_West_Conference', 'summary': 'The Mountain West Conference ( MW ) is one of the collegiate athletic conferences affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) ( formerly I-A ) . The MW officially began operations in July 1999 . Geographically , the MW covers a broad expanse of the Western United States , with member schools located in California , Colorado , Hawaii , Idaho , Nevada , New Mexico , Utah , and Wyoming . Craig Thompson has served as Commissioner of the MW since its founding in 1999 . The charter members of the MW included the United States Air Force Academy , Brigham Young University , Colorado State University , San Diego State University , the University of New Mexico , the University of Nevada , Las Vegas , the University of Utah , and the University of Wyoming . Before forming the Mountain West Conference , seven of its eight charter members had been longtime members of the Western Athletic Conference , and half of these had been charter members of that conference from 1962 . Overall , each school that has ever been either a full or football-only member of the MW spent at least three years in the WAC before joining the Mountain West .'}]}, {'value': 'NCAA D-I', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NCAA_Division_I', 'summary': "NCAA Division I ( D-I ) is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) in the United States . D-I schools include the major collegiate athletic powers , with larger budgets , more elaborate facilities and more athletic scholarships than Divisions II and III as well as many smaller schools committed to the highest level of intercollegiate competition . This level was once called the University Division of the NCAA , in contrast to the lower level College Division ; these terms were replaced with numeric divisions in 1973 . The University Division was renamed Division I , while the College Division was split in two ; the College Division members that offered scholarships or wanted to compete against those who did became Division II , while those who did not want to offer scholarships became Division III . For college football only , D-I schools are further divided into the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) , and those institutions that do not have any football program . FBS teams have higher game attendance requirements and more players receiving athletic scholarships than FCS teams . The FBS is named for its series of postseason bowl games , with various polls ranking teams after the conclusion of these games , while the FCS national champion is determined by a multi-team bracket tournament . For the 2014-15 school year , Division I contained 345 of the NCAA 's 1,066 member institutions , with 125 in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , 125 in the Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) , and 95 non-football schools , with six additional schools in the transition from Division II to Division I . There was a moratorium on any additional movement up to D-I until 2012 , after which any school that wants to move to D-I must be accepted for membership by a conference and show the NCAA it has the financial ability to support a D-I program ."}]}, {'value': 'California Baptist University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California_Baptist_University', 'summary': 'California Baptist University ( Cal Baptist or CBU ) is a private , Christian , liberal arts university in Riverside , California . Founded in 1950 as California Baptist College , it is affiliated with the California Southern Baptist Convention , an organization affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention . CBU is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges .'}]}, {'value': 'Riverside , California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Riverside,_California', 'summary': 'Riverside is a city in , and the county seat of , Riverside County , California , United States , located in the Inland Empire metropolitan area . It is named for its location beside the Santa Ana River . It is the most populous city in the Inland Empire and in Riverside County , and is located about 55 miles ( 89 km ) east of downtown Los Angeles . It is also part of the Greater Los Angeles area . Riverside is the 59th most populous city in the United States and 12th most populous city in California . As of the 2010 Census , Riverside had a population of 303,871 . Riverside was founded in the early 1870s . It is the birthplace of the California citrus industry and home of the Mission Inn , the largest Mission Revival Style building in the United States . It is also home to the Riverside National Cemetery . The University of California , Riverside , is located in the northeastern part of the city . The university also hosts the Riverside Sports Complex . Other attractions in Riverside include the Fox Performing Arts Center , Riverside Metropolitan Museum , which houses exhibits and artifacts of local history , the California Museum of Photography , the California Citrus State Historic Park , and the Parent Washington Navel Orange Tree , the last of the two original navel orange trees in California .'}]}, {'value': 'Lancers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California_Baptist_Lancers', 'summary': "The California Baptist Lancers are the 18 varsity athletic teams that represent California Baptist University , located in Riverside , California , in NCAA Division I intercollegiate sports . The Lancers compete as members of the Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) for most sports . Several Lancers teams compete in other conferences in sports that the WAC does not sponsor . Men 's water polo competes in the Western Water Polo Association and women 's water polo competes in the Golden Coast Conference ."}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WAC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Western_Athletic_Conference', 'summary': "The Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) is an American collegiate athletic conference formed on July 27 , 1962 , and affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I . The WAC covers a broad expanse of the western United States , with member institutions located in Arizona , California , New Mexico , Utah , and Washington , along with the non-western states of Missouri and Illinois ( traditionally associated with the Midwest ) , as well as Texas ( traditionally associated with the Southwest ) . Due to most of the conference 's football-playing members leaving the WAC for other affiliations , the conference discontinued football as a sponsored sport after the 2012-13 season and left the NCAA 's Football Bowl Subdivision ( formerly known as Division I-A ) . The WAC thus became the first Division I conference to drop football since the Big West in 2000 . The WAC then added men 's soccer and became one of the NCAA 's eleven Division I non-football conferences ."}]}, {'value': 'NCAA D-I', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NCAA_Division_I', 'summary': "NCAA Division I ( D-I ) is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) in the United States . D-I schools include the major collegiate athletic powers , with larger budgets , more elaborate facilities and more athletic scholarships than Divisions II and III as well as many smaller schools committed to the highest level of intercollegiate competition . This level was once called the University Division of the NCAA , in contrast to the lower level College Division ; these terms were replaced with numeric divisions in 1973 . The University Division was renamed Division I , while the College Division was split in two ; the College Division members that offered scholarships or wanted to compete against those who did became Division II , while those who did not want to offer scholarships became Division III . For college football only , D-I schools are further divided into the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) , and those institutions that do not have any football program . FBS teams have higher game attendance requirements and more players receiving athletic scholarships than FCS teams . The FBS is named for its series of postseason bowl games , with various polls ranking teams after the conclusion of these games , while the FCS national champion is determined by a multi-team bracket tournament . For the 2014-15 school year , Division I contained 345 of the NCAA 's 1,066 member institutions , with 125 in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , 125 in the Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) , and 95 non-football schools , with six additional schools in the transition from Division II to Division I . There was a moratorium on any additional movement up to D-I until 2012 , after which any school that wants to move to D-I must be accepted for membership by a conference and show the NCAA it has the financial ability to support a D-I program ."}]}, {'value': 'University of California , Davis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis', 'summary': 'The University of California , Davis ( UC Davis ) , is a public research university and land-grant university adjacent to Davis , California . It is part of the University of California system and has the third-largest enrollment in the system after UCLA and UC Berkeley . The institution was founded as a branch in 1905 and became its own separate entity in 1959 . It has been labeled one of the Public Ivies , a publicly funded university considered to provide a quality of education comparable to those of the Ivy League . The university is classified as a comprehensive doctoral research university with a medical program , and very high research activity . The UC Davis faculty includes 23 members of the National Academy of Sciences , 30 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences , 17 members of the American Law Institute , 14 members of the Institute of Medicine , and 14 members of the National Academy of Engineering . Among other honors , university faculty , alumni , and researchers have won the Nobel Peace Prize , Presidential Medal of Freedom , Pulitzer Prize , MacArthur Fellowship , National Medal of Science , Blue Planet Prize , Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers , and World Food Prize . Founded as primarily an agricultural campus , the university has expanded over the past century to include graduate and professional programs in medicine ( which includes the UC Davis Medical Center ) , law , veterinary medicine , education , nursing , and business management , in addition to 90 research programs offered by UC Davis Graduate Studies . The UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine is the largest in the United States and has been ranked first in the world for five consecutive years ( 2015-19 ) . UC Davis offers certificates and courses , including online classes , for adults and non-traditional learners through its Division of Continuing and Professional Education . The UC Davis Aggies athletic teams compete in the NCAA Division I level , primarily in the Big West Conference as well as the Big Sky Conference ( football only ) and the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation . In its first year of full Division I status , 11 UC Davis teams qualified for NCAA post-season competition .'}]}, {'value': 'Davis , California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Davis,_California', 'summary': "Davis , known prior to 1907 as Davisville , is a city in the U.S. state of California and the most populous city in Yolo County . It had a population of 65,622 in 2010 , not including the on-campus population of the University of California , Davis , which was over 9,400 ( not including students ' families ) in 2016 . As of 2016 , there were 35,186 students enrolled at the university ."}]}, {'value': 'Aggies', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UC_Davis_Aggies', 'summary': "The UC Davis Aggies ( also referred to Ags , Aggies or Cal Aggies ) are the athletic teams that represent the University of California , Davis . For football , the Aggies compete in Division I FCS ( formerly known as Division I-AA ) , and are members of the Big Sky Conference , granting UC Davis the distinction of being one of only three UC campuses to field a football team ( Cal and UCLA being the other two ) . The Aggies are also members of the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation in women 's gymnastics and women 's lacrosse , the America East Conference in field hockey , and the Western Water Polo Association for Men 's Water Polo ."}]}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Big West', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_West_Conference', 'summary': "The Big West Conference ( BWC ) is an American collegiate athletic conference whose member institutions participate in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I . The conference was originally formed in 1969 as the Pacific Coast Athletic Association ( PCAA ) , and in 1988 was renamed the Big West Conference . The conference stopped sponsoring college football after the 2000 season ."}]}, {'value': 'NCAA D-I', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NCAA_Division_I', 'summary': "NCAA Division I ( D-I ) is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) in the United States . D-I schools include the major collegiate athletic powers , with larger budgets , more elaborate facilities and more athletic scholarships than Divisions II and III as well as many smaller schools committed to the highest level of intercollegiate competition . This level was once called the University Division of the NCAA , in contrast to the lower level College Division ; these terms were replaced with numeric divisions in 1973 . The University Division was renamed Division I , while the College Division was split in two ; the College Division members that offered scholarships or wanted to compete against those who did became Division II , while those who did not want to offer scholarships became Division III . For college football only , D-I schools are further divided into the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) , and those institutions that do not have any football program . FBS teams have higher game attendance requirements and more players receiving athletic scholarships than FCS teams . The FBS is named for its series of postseason bowl games , with various polls ranking teams after the conclusion of these games , while the FCS national champion is determined by a multi-team bracket tournament . For the 2014-15 school year , Division I contained 345 of the NCAA 's 1,066 member institutions , with 125 in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , 125 in the Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) , and 95 non-football schools , with six additional schools in the transition from Division II to Division I . There was a moratorium on any additional movement up to D-I until 2012 , after which any school that wants to move to D-I must be accepted for membership by a conference and show the NCAA it has the financial ability to support a D-I program ."}]}, {'value': 'University of California , San Diego', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego', 'summary': "The University of California , San Diego ( UC San Diego or , colloquially , UCSD [ a ] ) is a public research university in San Diego , California . Established in 1960 near the pre-existing Scripps Institution of Oceanography , UC San Diego is the seventh-oldest of the 10 University of California campuses and offers over 200 undergraduate and graduate degree programs , enrolling approximately 30,800 undergraduate and 8,000 graduate students . The university occupies 2,141 acres ( 866 ha ) near the coast of the Pacific Ocean , with the main campus resting on approximately 1,152 acres ( 466 ha ) . UC San Diego is organized into seven undergraduate residential colleges ( Revelle , John Muir , Thurgood Marshall , Earl Warren , Eleanor Roosevelt , Sixth , and Seventh ; Seventh College will enroll its first students in Fall 2020 ) , four academic divisions ( Arts and Humanities , Biological Sciences , Physical Sciences , and Social Sciences ) , and seven graduate and professional schools ( Jacobs School of Engineering , Rady School of Management , Scripps Institution of Oceanography , School of Global Policy and Strategy , School of Medicine , Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , and the newly approved School of Public Health ) . UC San Diego Health , the region 's only academic health system , provides patient care , conducts medical research and educates future health care professionals at the UC San Diego Medical Center , Hillcrest , Jacobs Medical Center , Moores Cancer Center , Sulpizio Cardiovascular Center , Shiley Eye Institute , Koman Family Outpatient Pavilion and various express care and urgent care clinics throughout San Diego . The university operates 19 organized research units ( ORUs ) , including the Center for Energy Research , Qualcomm Institute ( a branch of the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology ) , San Diego Supercomputer Center and the Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind , as well as eight School of Medicine research units , six research centers at Scripps Institution of Oceanography and two multi-campus initiatives , including the Institute on Global Conflict and Cooperation . UC San Diego is also closely affiliated with several regional research centers , such as the Salk Institute , the Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute , the Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine , and the Scripps Research Institute . According to the National Science Foundation , UC San Diego spent $ 1.133 billion on research and development in fiscal year 2017 , ranking it 7th in the nation . UCSD is considered one of the country 's Public Ivies . As of August 2018 , UC San Diego faculty , researchers and alumni have won 27 Nobel Prizes and three Fields Medals , eight National Medals of Science , eight MacArthur Fellowships , and two Pulitzer Prizes . Additionally , of the current faculty , 29 have been elected to the National Academy of Engineering , 70 to the National Academy of Sciences , 45 to the Institute of Medicine and 110 to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences ."}]}, {'value': 'La Jolla , California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/La_Jolla', 'summary': 'La Jolla ( /lə ˈhɔɪə/ lə HOY-ə , American Spanish : [ la ˈxoʝa ] ) is an affluent , hilly , seaside community within the city of San Diego , California , occupying 7 miles ( 11 km ) of curving coastline along the Pacific Ocean within the northern city limits . The population reported in the 2010 census was 46,781 . [ a ] La Jolla is surrounded on three sides by ocean bluffs and beaches and is located 12 miles ( 19 km ) north of Downtown San Diego and 45 miles ( 72 km ) south of Orange County . The climate is mild , with an average daily temperature of 70.5 °F ( 21.4 °C ) . La Jolla is home to many educational institutions and a variety of businesses in the areas of lodging , dining , shopping , software , finance , real estate , bioengineering , medical practice and scientific research . The University of California , San Diego ( UCSD ) is located in La Jolla , as are the Salk Institute , Scripps Institution of Oceanography ( part of UCSD ) , Scripps Research Institute , and the headquarters of National University ( though its academic campuses are elsewhere ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Tritons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UC_San_Diego_Tritons', 'summary': "The UC San Diego Tritons are the athletic teams that represent the University of California , San Diego . UC San Diego has 23 varsity sports teams and offers student participation in a wide range of sports . UC San Diego participates at the NCAA Division II ( DII ) level in the California Collegiate Athletic Association ( CCAA ) , although water polo , fencing , and men 's volleyball compete at the Division I level . Since their move to Division II starting in the 2000-01 season , UCSD has placed in the top 5 in the Division II NACDA Directors ' Cup standings nine times , including three 2nd-place finishes . NCSA Athletic Recruiting has ranked the Tritons as the nation 's top Division II program for eight consecutive years . In May 2016 , UCSD students voted to transition all sports teams to the NCAA Division I level . On November 27 , 2017 , it was announced that UCSD will begin the transition to NCAA Division I and join the Big West Conference on July 1 , 2020 ."}]}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California_Collegiate_Athletic_Association', 'summary': 'The California Collegiate Athletic Association ( CCAA ) is a collegiate athletic conference at the Division II level of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . All of its current members are public universities , and all except for UC San Diego are members of the California State University system . It was founded in December 1938 and began competition in 1939 . The interim commissioner of the CCAA is Mitch Cox . CCAA offices are located in San Ramon , California . The CCAA is the most successful conference in NCAA Division II , as its former and current members have won 153 National Championships .'}]}, {'value': 'NCAA D-II', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NCAA_Division_II', 'summary': "NCAA Division II ( D-II ) is an intermediate-level division of competition in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . It offers an alternative to both the larger and better-funded Division I and to the scholarship-free environment offered in Division III . Before 1973 , the NCAA 's smaller schools were grouped together in the College Division . In 1973 , the College Division split in two when the NCAA began using numeric designations for its competitions . The College Division members who wanted to offer athletic scholarships or compete against those who did became Division II , while those who chose not to offer athletic scholarships became Division III . Nationally , ESPN televises the championship game in football , CBS televises the men 's basketball championship , and ESPN2 televises the women 's basketball championship . CBS Sports Network broadcasts six football games on Thursdays during the regular season , and one men 's basketball game per week on Saturdays during that sport 's regular season . The official slogan of NCAA Division II , implemented in 2015 , is Make It Yours ."}]}, {'value': 'Concordia University-Irvine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Concordia_University_Irvine', 'summary': 'Concordia University Irvine ( formerly Christ College ) is a private Christian university in Irvine , California , United States . It was established in 1976 to provide a Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod college to serve the Pacific Southwest and provide training for pastors , religious education teachers , and Christian school administrators . Concordia University Irvine has a total undergraduate enrollment of 1,592 and its campus size is 70 acres ( 28 ha ) . It is one of nine colleges and universities in the Concordia University System .'}]}, {'value': 'Irvine , California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Irvine,_California', 'summary': "Irvine ( /ˈɜːrvaɪn/ ) is a master-planned city in Orange County , California , United States in the Los Angeles metropolitan area . The Irvine Company started developing the area in the 1960s and the city was formally incorporated on December 28 , 1971 . The 66-square-mile ( 170 km2 ) city had a population of 212,375 as of the 2010 census ; in 2018 the California Department of Finance estimated the city 's population at 276,176 . A number of corporations , particularly in the technology and semiconductor sectors , have their national or international headquarters in Irvine . Irvine is also home to several higher education institutions including the University of California , Irvine ( UCI ) , Concordia University , Irvine Valley College , the Orange County Center of the University of Southern California ( USC ) , and campuses of California State University Fullerton ( CSUF ) , University of La Verne , and Pepperdine University ."}]}, {'value': 'Eagles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Concordia_Eagles', 'summary': 'The Concordia Eagles are the athletic sports teams for Concordia University Irvine , located in Irvine , California , in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports . The Eagles compete as members of the Pacific West Conference .'}]}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pacific West', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pacific_West_Conference', 'summary': "The Pacific West Conference ( also known as the PacWest ) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division II level . Member institutions are located in California and Hawai ' i . The conference sponsors the following sports : basketball , cross country , golf , soccer , tennis and track & field outdoor for both men and women ; baseball for men only ; softball and volleyball for women only . The newest PacWest sports are men 's tennis and women 's golf , both added in 2012-13 ."}]}, {'value': 'NCAA D-II', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NCAA_Division_II', 'summary': "NCAA Division II ( D-II ) is an intermediate-level division of competition in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . It offers an alternative to both the larger and better-funded Division I and to the scholarship-free environment offered in Division III . Before 1973 , the NCAA 's smaller schools were grouped together in the College Division . In 1973 , the College Division split in two when the NCAA began using numeric designations for its competitions . The College Division members who wanted to offer athletic scholarships or compete against those who did became Division II , while those who chose not to offer athletic scholarships became Division III . Nationally , ESPN televises the championship game in football , CBS televises the men 's basketball championship , and ESPN2 televises the women 's basketball championship . CBS Sports Network broadcasts six football games on Thursdays during the regular season , and one men 's basketball game per week on Saturdays during that sport 's regular season . The official slogan of NCAA Division II , implemented in 2015 , is Make It Yours ."}]}, {'value': 'Fresno Pacific University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fresno_Pacific_University', 'summary': "Fresno Pacific University ( FPU ) is a Christian university in Fresno , California . It was founded as the Pacific Bible Institute in 1944 by the Pacific District Conference of Mennonite Brethren Churches . The university awarded its first Bachelor of Arts degree in 1965 . The first master 's degree program was introduced in 1975 ."}]}, {'value': 'Fresno , California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fresno,_California', 'summary': "Fresno ( /ˈfrɛznoʊ/ FREZ-noh ; Spanish for ash tree ) is a city in and the county seat of Fresno County , California , United States . It covers about 112 square miles ( 290 km2 ) in the center of the San Joaquin Valley , the southern portion of California 's Central Valley . Named for the abundant ash trees lining the San Joaquin River , Fresno was founded in 1872 as a railway station of the Central Pacific Railroad before it was incorporated in 1885 . The city has since become an economic hub of Fresno County and the San Joaquin Valley , with much of the surrounding areas in the Metropolitan Fresno region predominantly tied to large-scale agricultural production . The population of Fresno grew from 134,000 in 1960 to 428,000 in 2000 . With a census-estimated 2018 population of 530,093 , Fresno is the fifth-most populous city in California , the most populous inland city in California , and the 34th-most populous city in the nation . Fresno is near the geographical center of California . It lies approximately 220 miles ( 350 km ) north of Los Angeles , 170 miles ( 270 km ) south of the state capital , Sacramento , and 185 miles ( 300 km ) southeast of San Francisco . Yosemite National Park is about 60 miles ( 100 km ) to the north , Kings Canyon National Park is 60 miles ( 100 km ) to the east , and Sequoia National Park is 75 miles ( 120 km ) to the southeast ."}]}, {'value': 'Sunbirds', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fresno_Pacific_Sunbirds', 'summary': 'The Fresno Pacific Sunbirds ( also FPU Sunbirds ) are the 16 varsity athletic teams that represent Fresno Pacific University , located in Fresno , California , in NCAA Division II intercollegiate sports . The Sunbirds compete as members of the Pacific West Conference for most sports except water polo , which will join the Western Water Polo Association .'}]}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pacific West', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pacific_West_Conference', 'summary': "The Pacific West Conference ( also known as the PacWest ) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division II level . Member institutions are located in California and Hawai ' i . The conference sponsors the following sports : basketball , cross country , golf , soccer , tennis and track & field outdoor for both men and women ; baseball for men only ; softball and volleyball for women only . The newest PacWest sports are men 's tennis and women 's golf , both added in 2012-13 ."}]}, {'value': 'NCAA D-II', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NCAA_Division_II', 'summary': "NCAA Division II ( D-II ) is an intermediate-level division of competition in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . It offers an alternative to both the larger and better-funded Division I and to the scholarship-free environment offered in Division III . Before 1973 , the NCAA 's smaller schools were grouped together in the College Division . In 1973 , the College Division split in two when the NCAA began using numeric designations for its competitions . The College Division members who wanted to offer athletic scholarships or compete against those who did became Division II , while those who chose not to offer athletic scholarships became Division III . Nationally , ESPN televises the championship game in football , CBS televises the men 's basketball championship , and ESPN2 televises the women 's basketball championship . CBS Sports Network broadcasts six football games on Thursdays during the regular season , and one men 's basketball game per week on Saturdays during that sport 's regular season . The official slogan of NCAA Division II , implemented in 2015 , is Make It Yours ."}]}, {'value': 'Loyola Marymount University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Loyola_Marymount_University', 'summary': "Loyola Marymount University ( LMU ) is a private Jesuit and Marymount research university in Los Angeles , California . It is located on the west side of the city and is scenically positioned atop the bluffs overlooking Playa Vista . LMU is also the parent school to Loyola Law School located in downtown Los Angeles . LMU offers 60 major and 55 minor undergraduate degrees and programs across 6 undergraduate colleges . The Graduate Division offers 51 master 's degree programs , one education doctorate , one doctorate in juridical science , one juris doctorate and 12 credential programs . As of 2019 [ update ] , Loyola Marymount University is one of the largest Roman Catholic universities on the U.S. West Coast with just under 9,700 undergraduate , graduate and law school students . LMU 's sports teams are called the Lions and compete at the NCAA Division I level as members of the West Coast Conference in 19 sports ."}]}, {'value': 'Los Angeles , California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles', 'summary': "Los Angeles ( /lɔːs ˈændʒələs/ ( listen ) ; [ a ] Spanish : Los Ángeles ; Spanish for The Angels ) , officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A. , is the most populous city in California ; the second most populous city in the United States , after New York City ; and the third most populous city in North America , after Mexico City and New York City . With an estimated population of nearly four million people , Los Angeles is the cultural , financial , and commercial center of Southern California . The city is known for its Mediterranean climate , ethnic diversity , Hollywood , the entertainment industry , and its sprawling metropolis . Los Angeles lies in a basin in Southern California , adjacent to the Pacific Ocean , with mountains as high as 10,000 feet ( 3,000 m ) , and deserts . The city , which covers about 469 square miles ( 1,210 km2 ) , is the seat of Los Angeles County , the most populous county in the United States . The Los Angeles metropolitan area ( MSA ) is the second-largest metropolitan area in the nation with a population of 13.1 million people . Greater Los Angeles , which includes the metro area of Riverside and San Bernardino , is the nation 's second most populous combined statistical area , with a 2015 estimate of 18.7 million people . Historically home to the Chumash and Tongva , Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 . The city was officially founded on September 4 , 1781 , by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve . It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence . In 1848 , at the end of the Mexican-American War , Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo , and thus became part of the United States . Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4 , 1850 , five months before California achieved statehood ."}]}, {'value': 'Lions', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Loyola_Marymount_Lions', 'summary': 'The Loyola Marymount Lions are the athletic teams that represent Loyola Marymount University , a Jesuit institution in Los Angeles , California . The school competes in NCAA Division I and the West Coast Conference .'}]}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'West Coast', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Coast_Conference', 'summary': "The West Coast Conference ( WCC ) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated in NCAA Division I consisting of ten member schools across the states of California , Oregon , Utah and Washington . All of the current members are private , faith-based institutions . Seven members are Catholic Church affiliates , with four of these schools being Jesuit institutions . Pepperdine is an affiliate of the Churches of Christ . Brigham Young University is an affiliate of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS ) . The conference 's newest member , the University of the Pacific ( which re-joined in 2013 after a 42-year absence ) , is affiliated with the United Methodist Church , although it has been financially independent of the church since 1969 ."}]}, {'value': 'NCAA D-I', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NCAA_Division_I', 'summary': "NCAA Division I ( D-I ) is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) in the United States . D-I schools include the major collegiate athletic powers , with larger budgets , more elaborate facilities and more athletic scholarships than Divisions II and III as well as many smaller schools committed to the highest level of intercollegiate competition . This level was once called the University Division of the NCAA , in contrast to the lower level College Division ; these terms were replaced with numeric divisions in 1973 . The University Division was renamed Division I , while the College Division was split in two ; the College Division members that offered scholarships or wanted to compete against those who did became Division II , while those who did not want to offer scholarships became Division III . For college football only , D-I schools are further divided into the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) , and those institutions that do not have any football program . FBS teams have higher game attendance requirements and more players receiving athletic scholarships than FCS teams . The FBS is named for its series of postseason bowl games , with various polls ranking teams after the conclusion of these games , while the FCS national champion is determined by a multi-team bracket tournament . For the 2014-15 school year , Division I contained 345 of the NCAA 's 1,066 member institutions , with 125 in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , 125 in the Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) , and 95 non-football schools , with six additional schools in the transition from Division II to Division I . There was a moratorium on any additional movement up to D-I until 2012 , after which any school that wants to move to D-I must be accepted for membership by a conference and show the NCAA it has the financial ability to support a D-I program ."}]}, {'value': 'Santa Clara University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santa_Clara_University', 'summary': "Santa Clara University is a private Jesuit university in Santa Clara , California , with about 5,400 undergraduate students and about 3,300 postgraduate students . Established in 1851 , Santa Clara University is the oldest operating institution of higher learning in California and has remained in its original location for 168 years . The university 's campus surrounds the historic Mission Santa Clara de Asis which traces its founding to 1776 . The campus mirrors the Mission 's architectural style and provides a fine early example of Mission Revival architecture . The university is classified as a Doctoral/Professional university by Carnegie Classification . The university offers bachelor 's degrees , master 's degrees , and doctoral degrees through its six colleges , the School of Arts and Sciences , School of Education and Counseling Psychology , Leavey School of Business , School of Engineering , Jesuit School of Theology , and School of Law . Among Santa Clara 's alumni are governors , congressmen , mayors , senators , and presidential cabinet members . Santa Clara alumni founded Nvidia and Farmer 's Insurance , and created JavaScript . Santa Clara 's alumni have won a number of honors , including Pulitzer Prizes , the NBA MVP Award , and induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . Santa Clara alumni have served as mayors of San Francisco , Los Angeles , Oakland , San Jose , and Washington , DC . The two most recent Governors of California attended Santa Clara . Santa Clara 's sports teams are called the Broncos ."}]}, {'value': 'Santa Clara , California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santa_Clara,_California', 'summary': "Santa Clara ( /ˌsæntəˈklærə/ ) is a city in Santa Clara County , California . The city 's population was 116,468 as of the 2010 United States Census , making it the ninth-most populous city in the San Francisco Bay Area . Located on the southern coast of San Francisco Bay immediately west of San Jose and 45 miles ( 72 km ) southeast of San Francisco , the city was founded in 1777 with the establishment of Mission Santa Clara de Asís , the eighth of 21 California missions . The city was later incorporated in 1852 . The mission , the city , and the county are all named for Saint Clare of Assisi . Santa Clara is located in the center of Silicon Valley and is home to the headquarters of several high-tech companies such as Intel . It is also home to Santa Clara University , the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of California , which was built around Mission Santa Clara de Asís . Levi 's Stadium , the home of the National Football League 's San Francisco 49ers , is located in the city . Santa Clara is bordered by San Jose on all sides , except for Sunnyvale to the west , and Cupertino to the west ."}]}, {'value': 'Broncos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santa_Clara_Broncos', 'summary': 'The Santa Clara Broncos are athletic teams that represent Santa Clara University . The school colors are red and white . The mascot is a bucking bronco and the fans are referred to as the Ruff Riders . The Broncos compete in the NCAA Division I ( NCAA ) as members of the West Coast Conference of which Santa Clara is a charter member .'}]}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'West Coast', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Coast_Conference', 'summary': "The West Coast Conference ( WCC ) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated in NCAA Division I consisting of ten member schools across the states of California , Oregon , Utah and Washington . All of the current members are private , faith-based institutions . Seven members are Catholic Church affiliates , with four of these schools being Jesuit institutions . Pepperdine is an affiliate of the Churches of Christ . Brigham Young University is an affiliate of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints ( LDS ) . The conference 's newest member , the University of the Pacific ( which re-joined in 2013 after a 42-year absence ) , is affiliated with the United Methodist Church , although it has been financially independent of the church since 1969 ."}]}, {'value': 'NCAA D-I', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NCAA_Division_I', 'summary': "NCAA Division I ( D-I ) is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) in the United States . D-I schools include the major collegiate athletic powers , with larger budgets , more elaborate facilities and more athletic scholarships than Divisions II and III as well as many smaller schools committed to the highest level of intercollegiate competition . This level was once called the University Division of the NCAA , in contrast to the lower level College Division ; these terms were replaced with numeric divisions in 1973 . The University Division was renamed Division I , while the College Division was split in two ; the College Division members that offered scholarships or wanted to compete against those who did became Division II , while those who did not want to offer scholarships became Division III . For college football only , D-I schools are further divided into the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) , and those institutions that do not have any football program . FBS teams have higher game attendance requirements and more players receiving athletic scholarships than FCS teams . The FBS is named for its series of postseason bowl games , with various polls ranking teams after the conclusion of these games , while the FCS national champion is determined by a multi-team bracket tournament . For the 2014-15 school year , Division I contained 345 of the NCAA 's 1,066 member institutions , with 125 in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , 125 in the Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) , and 95 non-football schools , with six additional schools in the transition from Division II to Division I . There was a moratorium on any additional movement up to D-I until 2012 , after which any school that wants to move to D-I must be accepted for membership by a conference and show the NCAA it has the financial ability to support a D-I program ."}]}], 'section_title': "Members -- Men 's teams", 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Western_Water_Polo_Association_0', 'intro': "The Western Water Polo Association (WWPA) is a single sport intercollegiate college athletic conference sponsoring men's and women's water polo. The WWPA is affiliated with the NCAA, and includes 15 member institutions, mostly in California, with one institution each in Colorado, Illinois, and West Virginia and two in Erie, Pennsylvania. The league has eight teams in its men's league and nine in its women's league, with only Fresno Pacific and UC San Diego fielding teams for both sexes in the WWPA. The three easternmost schools, Gannon, Mercyhurst, and Salem, also field teams for both men and women, but only the women's teams are in the WWPA, with the men's teams instead playing in the Collegiate Water Polo Association. The WWPA members play a regular season of conference and non-conference games, followed by a championship tournament at the conclusion of both the mens and womens seasons, with the winner earning the leagues automatic bid to the NCAAs."}
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What is the nickname of the institution that has about 5,400 undergraduate students and about 3,300 postgraduate students ?
Broncos
048b9ed3bed1257e
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland_at_the_2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics', 'title': 'Poland at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics', 'header': ['Medal', 'Name', 'Sport', 'Event', 'Date'], 'data': [{'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wojciech Dahlke', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Equestrian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics', 'summary': 'The Equestrian competition at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in Singapore took place from August 18 to August 24 at the Singapore Turf Riding Club . There were two events , team jumping and individual jumping . The team jumping was between continents .'}]}, {'value': 'Team Jumping', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics_–_Team_jumping', 'summary': "The team jumping event at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in Singapore took place from August 18 to August 20 at the Singapore Turf Riding Club . Riders competed in teams based on geographical origin where in two rounds of jumping the team with the fewest penalties would win . Only the best 3 rider 's score in each team will count towards the team score . A jump-off will be played should teams in medal positions be tied ."}]}, {'value': '20 Aug', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Krzysztof Brzozowski', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Krzysztof_Brzozowski', 'summary': 'Krzysztof Brzozowski ( born 15 July 1993 ) is a Polish shot putter . He won a gold medal at the inaugural 2010 Summer Youth Olympics , with a then-World Youth Best of 23.23 m .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics', 'summary': "At the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics , 36 athletics events were contested - 18 for boys and 18 for girls - on 17-19 and 21-23 August 2010 . The events took place in Bishan Stadium , Singapore . Athletes born between January 1 , 1993 and December 31 , 1994 were eligible to compete . Continents selected their athletes through Youth Continental Championships ( Continental Youth Olympic Trials ) . While most events mirrored those at the Summer Olympic Games , some events were distinct from the Games ' senior counterpart . A 1000 metres race was scheduled in place of the more traditional 800/1,500 metres races . The steeplechase was held over 2000 m , instead of the seniors ' 3000 m distance , and the competition featured a medley relay with legs of 100 m , 200 m , 300 m and 400 m ( in the Swedish style ) . Combined ( or multi-discipline ) events were not contested ."}]}, {'value': "Boys ' Shot Put", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics_–_Boys'_shot_put", 'summary': "The boys ' shot put competition at the 2010 Youth Olympic Games was held on 18-22 August 2010 in Bishan Stadium ."}]}, {'value': '22 Aug', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Martyna Swatowska', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fencing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fencing_at_the_2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics', 'summary': 'Fencing competitions at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in Singapore consisted of three Cadet Male individual events , three Cadet Female individual events and one team event including both genders and all 3 weapons : épée , foil and saber . 78 fencers from 36 nations were competing . The venue was located at the International Convention Centre ( ICC ) . Fencing was one of the five sports that was continually featured at the Olympics since Athens in 1896 ; the others being athletics , swimming , cycling and gymnastics .'}]}, {'value': 'Mixed Team', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fencing_at_the_2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics_–_Mixed_team', 'summary': 'For 2010 YOG FIE introduced completely new format competitions for teams , where their composition will be determined by the results achieved during the individual events . The best fencers ranked in each weapon from different NOCs will form the top team of each continent as follows : Europe 1 , Europe 2 , Europe 3 , Europe 4 , Asia 1 , Asia 2 , Americas 1 , Americas 2 , Africa .'}]}, {'value': '18 Aug', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tomasz Kluczynski', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics', 'summary': "At the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics , 36 athletics events were contested - 18 for boys and 18 for girls - on 17-19 and 21-23 August 2010 . The events took place in Bishan Stadium , Singapore . Athletes born between January 1 , 1993 and December 31 , 1994 were eligible to compete . Continents selected their athletes through Youth Continental Championships ( Continental Youth Olympic Trials ) . While most events mirrored those at the Summer Olympic Games , some events were distinct from the Games ' senior counterpart . A 1000 metres race was scheduled in place of the more traditional 800/1,500 metres races . The steeplechase was held over 2000 m , instead of the seniors ' 3000 m distance , and the competition featured a medley relay with legs of 100 m , 200 m , 300 m and 400 m ( in the Swedish style ) . Combined ( or multi-discipline ) events were not contested ."}]}, {'value': "Boys ' Medley Relay", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics_–_Boys'_medley_relay", 'summary': "The boys ' medley relay competition at the 2010 Youth Olympic Games was held on 23 August 2010 in Bishan Stadium . The competitors were divided in 5 teams , each representing a different continent ."}]}, {'value': '23 Aug', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Martyna Swatowska', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fencing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fencing_at_the_2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics', 'summary': 'Fencing competitions at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in Singapore consisted of three Cadet Male individual events , three Cadet Female individual events and one team event including both genders and all 3 weapons : épée , foil and saber . 78 fencers from 36 nations were competing . The venue was located at the International Convention Centre ( ICC ) . Fencing was one of the five sports that was continually featured at the Olympics since Athens in 1896 ; the others being athletics , swimming , cycling and gymnastics .'}]}, {'value': "Girls ' épée", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fencing_at_the_2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics_–_Cadet_female_épée', 'summary': 'These are the results of the cadet female épée competition at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics . The competition was held on August 17 .'}]}, {'value': '17 Aug', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marcin Cieslak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marcin_Cieslak', 'summary': "Marcin Cieślak is a Polish competitive swimmer . At the 2012 Summer Olympics in London , he competed in the men 's 200 metre butterfly , finishing in 19th place overall in the heats , but failing to qualify for the semifinals ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics', 'summary': 'The Swimming competition at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics lasted from August 15 to 20 , at the Singapore Sports School .'}]}, {'value': "Boys ' 200m Butterfly", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics_–_Boys'_200_metre_butterfly", 'summary': "The men 's 200 metre butterfly heats and final at the 2010 Youth Olympic Games took place on August 20 at the Singapore Sports School ."}]}, {'value': '20 Aug', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aneta Rydz', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics', 'summary': "At the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics , 36 athletics events were contested - 18 for boys and 18 for girls - on 17-19 and 21-23 August 2010 . The events took place in Bishan Stadium , Singapore . Athletes born between January 1 , 1993 and December 31 , 1994 were eligible to compete . Continents selected their athletes through Youth Continental Championships ( Continental Youth Olympic Trials ) . While most events mirrored those at the Summer Olympic Games , some events were distinct from the Games ' senior counterpart . A 1000 metres race was scheduled in place of the more traditional 800/1,500 metres races . The steeplechase was held over 2000 m , instead of the seniors ' 3000 m distance , and the competition featured a medley relay with legs of 100 m , 200 m , 300 m and 400 m ( in the Swedish style ) . Combined ( or multi-discipline ) events were not contested ."}]}, {'value': "Girls ' High Jump", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics_–_Girls'_high_jump", 'summary': "The Girls ' High Jump event at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics was held on 18-22 August 2010 in Bishan Stadium ."}]}, {'value': '22 Aug', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anna Wloka', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics', 'summary': "At the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics , 36 athletics events were contested - 18 for boys and 18 for girls - on 17-19 and 21-23 August 2010 . The events took place in Bishan Stadium , Singapore . Athletes born between January 1 , 1993 and December 31 , 1994 were eligible to compete . Continents selected their athletes through Youth Continental Championships ( Continental Youth Olympic Trials ) . While most events mirrored those at the Summer Olympic Games , some events were distinct from the Games ' senior counterpart . A 1000 metres race was scheduled in place of the more traditional 800/1,500 metres races . The steeplechase was held over 2000 m , instead of the seniors ' 3000 m distance , and the competition featured a medley relay with legs of 100 m , 200 m , 300 m and 400 m ( in the Swedish style ) . Combined ( or multi-discipline ) events were not contested ."}]}, {'value': "Girls ' Shot Put", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics_–_Girls'_shot_put", 'summary': "The girls ' shot put event at the 2010 Youth Olympic Games was held on 18-22 August 2010 in Bishan Stadium ."}]}, {'value': '22 Aug', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dawid Michelus', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics', 'summary': 'The Boxing competition at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics was held from 21 August to 25 August 2010 at the Suntec Singapore International Convention and Exhibition Centre .'}]}, {'value': "Boys ' Bantam 54kg", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics_–_Boys'_54_kg", 'summary': "These are the results of the Men 's Bantam 54 kg competition in boxing at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in Singapore . Preliminaries were held on August 21 , semifinals on August 22 , 5th place bout on August 23 , the bronze medal bout on August 24 and the Final bout on August 25 . Unlike world championships and the Olympic Games , only one bronze medal is awarded ."}]}, {'value': '24 Aug', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Medalists', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Poland_at_the_2010_Summer_Youth_Olympics_0', 'intro': 'Poland participated in the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in Singapore. The Polish squad consisted of 43 athletes competing in 17 sports: aquatics (swimming), archery, athletics, boxing, canoeing, cycling, equestrian, fencing, gymnastics, judo, modern pentathlon, rowing, sailing, table tennis, taekwondo, weightlifting and wrestling.'}
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What is the name of the athlete whose event has only one bronze medal awarded ?
Dawid Michelus
048c8bc151b7ba93
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soccer-specific_stadium', 'title': 'Soccer-specific stadium', 'header': ['Stadium', 'Team ( s )', 'City', 'Capacity', 'Opened'], 'data': [{'value': 'Albert-Daly Field', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albert-Daly_Field', 'summary': 'Albert-Daly Field is a soccer-specific and multi-use sports facility located in Williamsburg , Virginia on the campus of the College of William and Mary . It is home to the soccer and lacrosse teams for the College . The facility was paid for thanks in large part to a sizable challenge grant made by Jim and Bobbie Ukrop . The Ukrops suggested that the field be named in honor of long time soccer coaches Al Albert and John Daly . Opened in 2004 , the original venue consisted of a natural grass playing surface , lighting , and temporary bleacher seating . In 2010 , the College broke ground on a new 1,000-seat spectator pavilion at Albert-Daly Field . The structure , Martin Family Stadium , is named in honor of Eff and Patty Martin , and their children . In addition to spectator seating , the building boasts a state-of-the-art press box , filming positions , and restroom facilities . The project was completed in the spring of 2011 .'}]}, {'value': 'William & Mary Tribe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_&_Mary_Tribe', 'summary': "The William & Mary Tribe are the athletic teams for the College of William & Mary . The name refers to the unity and camaraderie that William & Mary student-athletes display when competing in the classroom and on the field . The school 's mascot is a griffin . The mythical animal reflects the school 's history of heraldry and evokes symbols of both colonial and national America . William & Mary has won two team national championships ( both in men 's tennis ) , the AIAW championships in women 's golf , the NAIA championships in women 's gymnastics , thirteen USA Gymnastics Collegiate Championships , and many individual national championships . The College has more conference championships than any other school in the Colonial Athletic Association . As of the end of the 2010-11 academic year , the Tribe had won 101 conference championships . Dating back to the athletic program 's beginning , there have been over 159 conference titles in all . William & Mary is the second-oldest university in the United States . Since the founding of its athletic program in 1893 the school 's athletes have worn different colours and nicknames . From 1893 to 1909 William & Mary football players were known simply as the Orange and White ; this reflected the official school colors at that time . From 1910 to 1916 the team colors changed , and the new nickname , The Orange and Black , reflected this ."}]}, {'value': 'Williamsburg , Virginia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Williamsburg,_Virginia', 'summary': "Williamsburg is a city in the U.S. state of Virginia . As of the 2010 U.S. Census , the population was 14,068 . In 2018 , the population was estimated to be 14,896 . Located on the Virginia Peninsula , Williamsburg is in the northern part of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area . It is bordered by James City County and York County . Williamsburg was founded in 1632 as Middle Plantation , a fortified settlement on high ground between the James and York rivers . The city served as the capital of the Colony and Commonwealth of Virginia from 1699 to 1780 and was the center of political events in Virginia leading to the American Revolution . The College of William & Mary , established in 1693 , is the second-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and the only one of the nine colonial colleges located in the South ; its alumni include three U.S. Presidents as well as many other important figures in the nation 's early history . The city 's tourism-based economy is driven by Colonial Williamsburg , the restored Historic Area of the city . Along with nearby Jamestown and Yorktown , Williamsburg forms part of the Historic Triangle , which attracts more than four million tourists each year . Modern Williamsburg is also a college town , inhabited in large part by William & Mary students and staff ."}]}, {'value': '1,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ambrose Urbanic Field', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ambrose_Urbanic_Field', 'summary': "The Petersen Sports Complex ( PSC ) is a 12.32-acre ( 4.99 ha ) multi-sport athletic facility on the campus of the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . It houses Charles L. Cost Field , Vartabedian Field , and Ambrose Urbanic Field , the respective home practice and competition venues of the university 's NCAA Division I varsity athletic baseball , softball , and men 's and women 's soccer teams . Known as the Pittsburgh ( Pitt ) Panthers , these teams compete in the Atlantic Coast Conference . The complex is located adjacent to the school 's Trees Hall and Cost Sports Center near the remainder of the university 's other upper campus athletic facilities ."}]}, {'value': 'Pittsburgh Panthers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers', 'summary': "The Pittsburgh Panthers , commonly also referred to as the Pitt Panthers , are the athletic teams representing the University of Pittsburgh , although the term is colloquially used to refer to other aspects of the university such as alumni , faculty , and students . Pitt fields 19 university-sponsored varsity teams at the highest level of competitive collegiate athletics in the United States : the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) for American football . Varsity men 's sports sponsored by the university are baseball , basketball , cross country , football , soccer , swimming and diving , indoor track and field , outdoor track and field , and wrestling ; while sponsored women 's varsity sports include basketball , cross country , gymnastics , soccer , softball , swimming and diving , indoor track and field , outdoor track and field , and volleyball . Pitt will sponsor varsity women 's lacrosse beginning with the 2021-22 season . All varsity sports teams compete as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) , with the exception of the gymnastics team competing in the East Atlantic Gymnastics League . The university also maintains membership in the Eastern College Athletic Conference . The university 's athletic program is one of only five current NCAA Division 1A schools to have won multiple national championships in both football ( 9 ) and basketball ( 2 ) , and the Panthers have been ranked as having among the best combinations of football and basketball programs by multiple publications . Other sports have won a variety of conference titles , regularly compete in NCAA championship events , and have produced a plethora of professional and Olympic athletes ."}]}, {'value': 'Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': 'Pittsburgh ( /ˈpɪtsbɜːrɡ/ PITS-burg ) is a city in the state of Pennsylvania in the United States , and is the county seat of Allegheny County . A population of about 302,407 ( 2018 ) residents live within the city limits , making it the 66th-largest city in the U.S . The metropolitan population of 2,324,743 is the largest in both the Ohio Valley and Appalachia , the second-largest in Pennsylvania ( behind Philadelphia ) , and the 27th-largest in the U.S. Pittsburgh is located in the southwest of the state , at the confluence of the Allegheny , Monongahela , and Ohio rivers . Pittsburgh is known both as the Steel City for its more than 300 steel-related businesses and as the City of Bridges for its 446 bridges . The city features 30 skyscrapers , two inclined railways , a pre-revolutionary fortification and the Point State Park at the confluence of the rivers . The city developed as a vital link of the Atlantic coast and Midwest , as the mineral-rich Allegheny Mountains made the area coveted by the French and British empires , Virginians , Whiskey Rebels , and Civil War raiders . Aside from steel , Pittsburgh has led in manufacturing of aluminum , glass , shipbuilding , petroleum , foods , sports , transportation , computing , autos , and electronics . For part of the 20th century , Pittsburgh was behind only New York City and Chicago in corporate headquarters employment ; it had the most U.S. stockholders per capita . Deindustrialization in the 1970s and 80s laid off area blue-collar workers as steel and other heavy industries declined , and thousands of downtown white-collar workers also lost jobs when several Pittsburgh-based companies moved out . The population dropped from a peak of 675,000 in 1950 to 370,000 in 1990 . However , this rich industrial history left the area with renowned museums , medical centers , parks , research centers , and a diverse cultural district . After the deindustrialization of the mid-20th century , Pittsburgh has transformed into a hub for the health care , education , and technology industries .'}]}, {'value': '735', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BBVA Compass Field', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBVA_Compass_Field', 'summary': "BBVA Field is a soccer-specific stadium located in Birmingham , Alabama , United States on the campus of the University of Alabama at Birmingham ( UAB ) that has served as the home field for both the UAB Blazers men 's and women 's soccer teams since its opening in October 2015 as the replacement for West Campus Field . Development of the stadium was facilitated after BBVA USA made a $ 1.5 million donation to the university for its construction in November 2014 . In February 2018 , the Board of Trustees approved a $ 7.3 million expansion of the facility from 2,500 to 5,000 seats . The expansion was financed in part by the Birmingham Legion FC who agreed to an eight-year lease to play at the stadium starting in 2019 for $ 350,000 annually ."}]}, {'value': 'UAB Blazers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UAB_Blazers', 'summary': "The UAB Blazers are the varsity intercollegiate athletic programs that represent the University of Alabama at Birmingham ( UAB ) . The school is one of the fourteen member institutions of Conference USA ( C-USA ) and participates in Division I of the NCAA . The school 's men 's basketball team plays in 8,508-seat Bartow Arena . The Blazers ' colors are forest green and old gold . The men 's basketball program has a long history of success spanning several decades ."}]}, {'value': 'Birmingham , Alabama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama', 'summary': "Birmingham ( /ˈbɜːrmɪŋhæm/ BUR-ming-ham ) is a city in the north central region of the U.S. state of Alabama . With an estimated 2018 population of 209,880 , it is the most populous city in Alabama . Birmingham is the seat of Jefferson County , Alabama 's most populous and fifth largest county . As of 2018 , the Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 1,151,801 , making it the most populous in Alabama and 49th-most populous in the United States . Birmingham serves as an important regional hub and is associated with the Deep South , Piedmont , and Appalachian regions of the nation . Birmingham was founded in 1871 , during the post-Civil War Reconstruction era , through the merger of three farm towns , most notably Elyton . The new city was named for Birmingham , England , the United Kingdom 's second largest city and then a major industrial city . The Alabama city annexed its smaller neighbors as it developed into a major industrial center based on mining , the iron and steel industry , and rail transport . Most of the original settlers were of English ancestry . The city was developed as a place where low paid , non-unionized immigrants ( mainly Irish and Italian ) , along with African-Americans from rural Alabama , who worked in the city 's steel mills and blast furnaces and gave it a competitive advantage over unionized industrial cities of the Midwest and Northeast . :14"}]}, {'value': '5,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belson Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belson_Stadium', 'summary': "Belson Stadium is a 2,168-seat soccer-specific stadium located at Utopia Parkway and Union Turnpike in Queens , New York City , on the campus of St. John 's University . It is the home of the St. John 's Red Storm men 's and women 's soccer teams . The stadium is unique in that it is built on top of a parking garage to save space in the dense urban environment of Queens . The stadium is named in honor of Maxine and Jerome Belson . Mr. Belson was a graduate of St. Johns law school , a member of the universitys Board of Trustees and a past benefactor to the university . The Belsons donated $ 6 million for the construction of the stadium and an additional $ 5 million was raised for the parking garage and landscaping . In 2013 , the stadium became the home field of F.A . Euro New York of the Premier Development League ( PDL ) . On November 13 , 2016 , the stadium hosted the Soccer Bowl , the champions game of the North American Soccer League ( NASL ) , between the New York Cosmos and the Indy Eleven . The Cosmos won on penalties 4-2 in front of a crowd of 2,150 . The Cosmos also played several U.S. Open Cup matches at the stadium in 2015 and 2016 . The stadium is also the home field of the New York Pancyprian-Freedoms of the Cosmopolitan Soccer League of the United States Adult Soccer Association ."}]}, {'value': "St. John 's Red Storm", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/St._John's_Red_Storm", 'summary': "The St. John 's Red Storm is the nickname used for the 16 varsity athletic programs of St. John 's University , in the U.S. state of New York . St. John 's 16 NCAA Division I teams compete in the Big East Conference , with the exception of the fencing team , which compete in the ECAC . On December 15 , 2012 , St. John 's and the other six Catholic , non-FBS schools ( the so-called Catholic 7 ) announced that they were departing the former Big East for a new conference . The Catholic 7 , after purchasing the Big East name from the FBS schools and adding Butler , Creighton , and Xavier , began operating as the new Big East Conference beginning in July 2013 . The athletic program fields sixteen intercollegiate teams : basketball , soccer , baseball , lacrosse , tennis , golf , and fencing for men and basketball , soccer , softball , volleyball , tennis , track and field , cross country , golf , and fencing for women . In 2002 , the university eliminated five men 's athletic teams and one women 's team in order to comply with Title IX rules prohibiting activities that receive federal assistance from discriminating on the basis of gender . Prior to the 1994-95 school year , the university 's nickname was the St. John 's Redmen , which referenced the red uniforms worn by its teams in competition . The name was interpreted as a Native American reference in the 1960s , and the university did have a mascot ( adorned in Native American dress ) , which eventually led to the team 's name change to the Red Storm . The change happened at a time when there was mounting pressure on colleges and universities to adopt names more sensitive to Native American culture . The Redmen name still remains popular among fans , however , as does Johnnies . On September 18 , 2009 the new mascot , which was voted on by students , was revealed ; Johnny Thunderbird ."}]}, {'value': 'Queens , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Queens,_New_York', 'summary': "Queens is a borough of New York City , coterminous with Queens County , in the U.S. state of New York . It is the largest borough geographically and is adjacent to the borough of Brooklyn , at the western end of Long Island . To its east is Nassau County . Queens also shares water borders with the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx . The borough of Queens is the second-largest in population , the first being Brooklyn ; with an estimated population of 2,278,906 residents in 2018 , approximately 47.5 percent of them foreign-born . Queens County also is the second most populous county in the U.S. state of New York , behind Brooklyn , which is coterminous with Kings County . Queens is the fourth most densely populated county among New York City 's boroughs , as well as in the United States . If each of New York City 's boroughs were an independent city , Queens would be the nation 's fourth most populous , after Los Angeles , Chicago , and Brooklyn . Queens is one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the United States , as well as the most diverse among highly populated counties and the most linguistically diverse place on Earth . Queens was established in 1683 as one of the original 12 counties of New York . The settlement was presumably named for the English queen Catherine of Braganza ( 1638-1705 ) . From 1683 until 1899 , the County of Queens included what is now Nassau County ."}]}, {'value': '2,600', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bill Armstrong Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bill_Armstrong_Stadium', 'summary': "Bill Armstrong Stadium is a 6,500-capacity soccer-specific stadium and velodrome located in Bloomington , Indiana . The stadium is home to the Indiana Hoosiers men 's and women 's soccer teams . It also hosted the NCAA Men 's Soccer Championship in 1988 , and is home to the annual Little 500 cycling race , which was featured in the 1979 Oscar-winning movie Breaking Away ."}]}, {'value': 'Indiana Hoosiers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indiana_Hoosiers', 'summary': "The Indiana Hoosiers are the intercollegiate sports teams and players of Indiana University Bloomington , named after the colloquial term for people from the state of Indiana . The Hoosiers participate in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) in 24 sports and became a member of the Big Ten Conference on December 1 , 1899 . The school 's official colors are cream and crimson . The Indiana Hoosiers have won 24 NCAA national championships and one Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women ( AIAW ) national championship . In addition to 145 NCAA individual national championships . Titles won by teams include eight by the Hoosiers men 's soccer team , a record-setting six straight in men 's swimming and diving , five by the Hoosiers men 's basketball team , three in men 's cross country , one in men 's track and field and one in wrestling . The Hoosiers ' athletic program is perhaps best known for its basketball program , with its five NCAA Championships tying for fourth in history . Indiana 's 1976 squad remains the last undefeated NCAA men 's basketball champion . A 2018 study listed Indiana as the second most valuable collegiate basketball program in the country . Additionally , Hoosiers ' athletics is well known for its soccer program ; by a number of indicators , it is one of the greatest college soccer programs in the history of the sport . Since the program began in 1973 , Indiana owns more National Championships , more wins , has appeared in more College Cups ( 18 ) and has a higher winning percentage in both regular season and post-season play than any other school in Division I soccer . Indiana has two main rivalries including in-state , with the Purdue Boilermakers ( see Indiana-Purdue rivalry ) , and a border rivalry against the Kentucky Wildcats ( see Indiana-Kentucky rivalry ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Bloomington , Indiana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bloomington,_Indiana', 'summary': "Bloomington is a city in and the county seat of Monroe County in the southern region of the U.S. state of Indiana . It is the seventh-largest city in Indiana and the fourth-largest outside the Indianapolis metropolitan area . According to the Monroe County History Center , Bloomington is known as the Gateway to Scenic Southern Indiana . The city was established in 1818 by a group of settlers from Kentucky , Tennessee , the Carolinas , and Virginia who were so impressed with a haven of blooms that they called it Bloomington . The population was 80,405 at the 2010 census . The city 's population was estimated at 84,981 as of July 2018 by the U.S. Census Bureau . Bloomington is the home to Indiana University Bloomington . Established in 1820 , IU Bloomington has 49,695 students , as of September 2016 , and is the original and largest campus of Indiana University . Most of the campus buildings are built of Indiana limestone . Bloomington has been designated a Tree City for 32 years , as of 2015 [ update ] . The city was also the location of the Academy Award-winning 1979 movie Breaking Away , featuring a reenactment of Indiana University 's annual Little 500 bicycle race . Monroe County 's famous limestone quarries are also featured in the movie ."}]}, {'value': '6,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Columbia Soccer Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Columbia_Soccer_Stadium', 'summary': "The Rocco B. Commisso Soccer Stadium is a 3,500 seat soccer-specific stadium located in Inwood , on the northernmost tip of the island of Manhattan , New York City , within the Baker Athletic Complex . The stadium is named in honor of Rocco B. Commisso , former co-captain of Columbia 's 1970 varsity soccer team and current owner and Chairman of the New York Cosmos and ACF Fiorentina . Opened in 1985 , it is home to the Columbia Lions men 's and women 's soccer teams of Columbia University and Old Blue RFC of USA Rugby Club 7s and American Rugby Premiership . In September 1997 , the stadium hosted a semi-final match of the 1997 U.S. Open Cup between the MetroStars and the Dallas Burn of Major League Soccer . From May to July 2015 , the stadium was the part-time home of the New York Red Bulls II of the United Soccer League where they played only one home match . In 2016 , a new FieldTurf surface was installed at the stadium . In 2017 , the University opened the Bubble at Baker , a heated seasonal air-supported structure . The Bubble encloses the soccer field and provides 92,000 sq ft ( 8,500 m2 ) of winter practice space for Columbia 's sports teams . The Bubble will be inflated each winter from December through March . The stadium is adjacent to Robert K. Kraft Field at Lawrence A. Wien Stadium and the Campbell Sports Center ."}]}, {'value': 'Columbia Lions', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Columbia_Lions', 'summary': 'The Columbia University Lions are the collective athletic teams and their members from Columbia University , an Ivy League institution in New York City , United States . The current director of athletics is Peter Pilling .'}]}, {'value': 'Manhattan , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manhattan,_New_York', 'summary': "Manhattan ( /mænˈhætən , mən-/ ) , often referred to by residents of the New York City area as the City , is the most densely populated of the five boroughs of New York City , and coextensive with the County of New York , one of the original counties of the U.S. state of New York . Manhattan serves as the city 's economic and administrative center , cultural identifier , and historical birthplace . The borough consists mostly of Manhattan Island , bounded by the Hudson , East , and Harlem rivers ; as well as several small adjacent islands . Manhattan additionally contains Marble Hill , a small neighborhood now on the U.S. mainland , that was connected using landfill to the Bronx and separated from the rest of Manhattan by the Harlem River . Manhattan Island is divided into three informally bounded components , each aligned with the borough 's long axis : Lower , Midtown , and Upper Manhattan . Manhattan has been described as the cultural , financial , media , and entertainment capital of the world , and the borough hosts the United Nations Headquarters . Anchored by Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan , New York City has been called both the most economically powerful city and the leading financial center of the world , and Manhattan is home to the world 's two largest stock exchanges by total market capitalization : the New York Stock Exchange and NASDAQ . Many multinational media conglomerates are based in Manhattan , and the borough has been the setting for numerous books , films , and television shows . Manhattan real estate has since become among the most expensive in the world , with the value of Manhattan Island , including real estate , estimated to exceed US $ 3 trillion in 2013 ; median residential property sale prices in Manhattan approximated US $ 1,600 per square foot ( $ 17,000/m2 ) as of 2018 , with Fifth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan commanding the highest retail rents in the world , at US $ 3,000 per square foot ( $ 32,000/m2 ) per year in 2017 . Manhattan traces its origins to a trading post founded by colonists from the Dutch Republic in 1624 on Lower Manhattan ; the post was named New Amsterdam in 1626 . Manhattan is historically documented to have been purchased by Dutch colonists from Native Americans in 1626 for 60 guilders , which equals roughly $ 1059 in current terms . The territory and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother , the Duke of York ."}]}, {'value': '3,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1985', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dick Dlesk Soccer Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dick_Dlesk_Soccer_Stadium', 'summary': "Dick Dlesk Soccer Stadium is a 1,600-capacity soccer specific stadium located in Morgantown , West Virginia where it serves as the home field for the West Virginia Mountaineers men 's and women 's soccer teams . Originally called the Mountaineer Soccer Complex , the stadium was completed in August 2004 and is named in honor of University benefactor Dick Dlesk ."}]}, {'value': 'West Virginia Mountaineers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Virginia_Mountaineers', 'summary': "The West Virginia Mountaineers are the athletic teams that represent West Virginia University , an American university located in Morgantown , West Virginia . The school is a member of National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I . The Mountaineers have been a member of the Big 12 Conference since 2012 . At that time , the Mountaineers joined the Mid-American Conference as an affiliate member for men 's soccer . The two major sports at the university are football ( played at Mountaineer Field at Milan Puskar Stadium ) and basketball ( played at the WVU Coliseum ) , although many of the other sports have large followings as well . [ citation needed ] Currently , WVU sponsors seven men 's sports , ten women 's sports , and one coeducational sport ( rifle ) . Men 's golf was the latest sport to be added in the 2015-16 school year ."}]}, {'value': 'Morgantown , West Virginia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morgantown,_West_Virginia', 'summary': 'Morgantown is a city in , and the county seat of , Monongalia County , West Virginia , United States , situated along the Monongahela River . West Virginia University is located in the city . The population was 29,660 at the 2010 Census Bureau , making Morgantown the largest city in North-Central West Virginia . The Morgantown metropolitan area has a population of 138,176 .'}]}, {'value': '1,600', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dr. Mark & Cindy Lynn Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dr._Mark_&_Cindy_Lynn_Stadium', 'summary': "Dr. Mark & Cindy Lynn Stadium is a soccer-specific stadium for college soccer in Louisville , Kentucky . The stadium was built for the University of Louisville Cardinals Men 's and Women 's Soccer teams . The teams compete in the Atlantic Coast Conference ."}]}, {'value': 'Louisville Cardinals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisville_Cardinals', 'summary': "The Louisville Cardinals ( also known as the Cards ) are the NCAA athletic teams representing the University of Louisville . The Cardinals teams play in the Atlantic Coast Conference , beginning in the 2014 season . While playing in the Big East Conference from 2005 through 2013 , the Cardinals captured 17 regular season Big East titles and 33 Big East Tournament titles totaling 50 Big East Championships across all sports . With their 2013 Sugar Bowl appearance against the Florida Gators , the Cardinals football team became the only football team in the Commonwealth of Kentucky to have appeared in and won two Bowl Championship Series bowls , having defeated Wake Forest 24-13 in the 2007 Orange Bowl and Florida 33-23 in the 2013 Sugar Bowl . On November 28 , 2012 , Louisville received and accepted an invitation to join the Atlantic Coast Conference and became a participating member in all sports in 2014 . In 2016 , Lamar Jackson won the school its first Heisman Trophy . Their fan base is referred to as Card Nation . Their fans are known to appear in large numbers at away venues causing red adorned fans to be seen across visiting stadiums . This has become known as the red mist . Since 2000 Louisville is the only NCAA team to win a BCS bowl game ; to appear in the NCAA Division I men 's basketball Final Four , the College World Series , and the NCAA Division I women 's basketball Final Four ; and to finish as runner-up in the Men 's soccer College Cup . It is one of only six schools that has appeared more than once in each of the following events - a BCS bowl game , the men 's and women 's basketball Final Fours , and the College World Series - and Louisville 's span of seven school years ( 2006-07 to 2012-13 ) is the shortest among these schools . Also , it is the first school ever to win a BCS bowl game , appear in the men 's and women 's basketball Final Fours , and appear in the College World Series in the same school year , doing so in 2012-13 ."}]}, {'value': 'Louisville , Kentucky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky', 'summary': "Louisville ( US : /ˈluːəvəl/ ( listen ) LOO-ə-vəl , /ˈluːivɪl/ ( listen ) LOO-ee-vil , /ˈlʊvəl/ ( listen ) LUUV-əl , UK : /ˈluːivɪl/ ) is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Kentucky and the 29th most-populous city in the United States . [ d ] It is one of two cities in Kentucky designated as first-class , the other being Lexington , the state 's second-largest city . [ e ] Louisville is the historical seat and , since 2003 , the nominal seat of Jefferson County , on the Indiana border . Named after King Louis XVI of France , Louisville was founded in 1778 by George Rogers Clark , making it one of the oldest cities west of the Appalachians . With nearby Falls of the Ohio as the only major obstruction to river traffic between the upper Ohio River and the Gulf of Mexico , the settlement first grew as a portage site . It was the founding city of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad , which grew into a 6,000-mile ( 9,700 km ) system across 13 states . Today , the city is known as the home of legendary boxer Muhammad Ali , the Kentucky Derby , Kentucky Fried Chicken ( KFC ) , the University of Louisville and its Cardinals , Louisville Slugger baseball bats , and three of Kentucky 's six Fortune 500 companies : Humana , Kindred Healthcare , and Yum ! Brands . Muhammad Ali International Airport , Louisville 's main commercial airport , hosts UPS 's worldwide hub . Since 2003 , Louisville 's borders have been the same as those of Jefferson County , after a city-county merger . The official name of this consolidated city-county government is the Louisville/Jefferson County Metro Government , abbreviated to Louisville Metro . Despite the merger and renaming , the term Jefferson County continues to be used in some contexts in reference to Louisville Metro , particularly including the incorporated cities outside the balance which make up Louisville proper ."}]}, {'value': '5,300', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elizabeth Lyle Robbie Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elizabeth_Lyle_Robbie_Stadium', 'summary': "Elizabeth Lyle Robbie Stadium is located in Falcon Heights on the Saint Paul campus of the University of Minnesota . It is primarily used as the home of the Golden Gopher Women 's Soccer team . The stadium opened in 1999 and seats 1,000 . The stadium is named after Elizabeth Lyle Robbie , who was the wife of Joe Robbie , former owner of the Miami Dolphins . The Robbie family was originally from South Dakota , but lived a number of years in Minneapolis . Elizabeth was the first female owner of a professional sports franchise in the United States , as she owned the Miami Toros / Minnesota Strikers soccer team in the 1970s and 1980s . Prior to Robbie Stadium , the school played home games from 1993 to 1998 at the St. Paul Campus Soccer Field , also located in Falcon Heights ."}]}, {'value': 'Minnesota Golden Gophers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Minnesota_Golden_Gophers', 'summary': "The Minnesota Golden Gophers ( commonly shortened to Gophers ) are the college sports teams of the University of Minnesota . The university fields a total of 23 ( 11 men 's , 12 women 's ) teams in both men 's and women 's sports and competes in the Big Ten Conference . The Gophers women 's ice hockey team is a six-time NCAA champion and seven-time national champion . In women 's ice hockey , the Gophers belong to the Western Collegiate Hockey Association . In all other sports , they belong to the Big Ten Conference . Most of the facilities that the teams use for training and competitive play are located on the East Bank of the Minneapolis campus . There are arenas for men 's and women 's basketball ( Williams Arena ) as well as ice hockey ( Mariucci Arena and Ridder Arena ) . The Gopher football team began playing at TCF Bank Stadium in September 2009 . The women 's soccer team plays on the St. Paul campus in Elizabeth Lyle Robbie Stadium . The Cheerleaders and the Dance Team are also part of the university 's athletic department ; they are present at events for basketball , ice hockey , and football , and compete for UCA/UDA national titles in the winter . The University of Minnesota spirit squad was the first as sideline cheerleading was invented at the U of M , and it currently prides itself in being one of the largest spirit squads in the country . The U of M spirit squad currently consists of three cheerleading teams ( all girl , coed , and small coed ) , a dance team , Goldy Gopher , and a unique ice hockey cheerleading team ."}]}, {'value': 'Falcon Heights , Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Falcon_Heights,_Minnesota', 'summary': "Falcon Heights is a suburb of Saint Paul and a city in Ramsey County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 5,321 at the 2010 census . It became a village in 1949 and a city in 1973 . Falcon Heights is the home of the University of Minnesota 's St. Paul Campus and Les Bolstad Golf Course , the Minnesota State Fairgrounds , and the Gibbs Museum of Pioneer and Dakotah Life . Its University Grove neighborhood is known for its modern architecture ."}]}, {'value': '1,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ellis Field', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ellis_Field_(Texas_A&M)', 'summary': "Ellis Field , formerly known as Aggie Soccer Stadium is a soccer-specific stadium located in College Station , Texas , United States on the campus of Texas A & M University . It has been home to the Texas A & M ( women 's ) soccer team since 1994 . The stadium hosted the 2005 , 2007 , and 2009 NCAA Women 's College Cup . The stadium hosted the Houston Dynamo home matches in the 2007 CONCACAF Champions ' Cup and 2011 U.S. Open Cup qualification . The stadium completed a $ 1 million renovation in 2011 that includes added seats to the West stands of the stadium and party decks on the top of the East stands . Other additions include new restroom facilities on the West side and permanent stands added to the South side . In the future , a complete roof structure will be added to the stadium ."}]}, {'value': 'Texas A & M Aggies', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Texas_A&M_Aggies_women's_soccer", 'summary': "The Texas A & M Aggies women 's soccer team represents Texas A & M University in NCAA Division I college soccer . The team belongs to the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) and plays its home games at Ellis Field . The Aggies are currently led by G. Guerrieri , who has been the head coach since the program 's inception in 1993 . The 2014 team has 22 roster players , with 14 scholarships to utilize between them . The 2014 team finished 1st in the SEC in its third year as a member of the conference . The team advanced to its 20th consecutive NCAA Tournament , where they eventually lost to Virginia in the program 's first appearance in the College Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'College Station , Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/College_Station,_Texas', 'summary': "College Station is a city in Brazos County , Texas , situated in East-Central Texas in the heart of the Brazos Valley , in the center of the region known as Texas Triangle . It is 83 miles ( 130 kilometers ) northwest of Houston and 87 miles ( 140 km ) east northeast of Austin . As of the 2010 census , College Station had a population of 93,857 , which had increased to an estimated population of 122,671 as of November 2019 . College Station and Bryan together make up the Bryan-College Station metropolitan area , the 13th-largest metropolitan area in Texas with 273,101 people as of 2019 . College Station is home to the main campus of Texas A & M University , the flagship institution of the Texas A & M University System . The city owes both its name and existence to the university 's location along a railroad . Texas A & M 's triple designation as a Land- , Sea- , and Space-Grant institution reflects the broad scope of the research endeavors it brings to the city , with ongoing projects funded by agencies such as NASA , the National Institutes of Health , the National Science Foundation , and the Office of Naval Research . Due largely to the presence of Texas A & M University , College Station was named by Money magazine in 2006 as the most educated city in Texas , and the 11th-most educated city in the United States ."}]}, {'value': '3,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eugene E. Stone III Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eugene_E._Stone_III_Stadium_(Columbia,_South_Carolina)', 'summary': "Eugene E. Stone III Stadium is a soccer stadium located in Columbia , South Carolina on the campus of the University of South Carolina . The 5,000 seat ground is home to the USC Gamecocks soccer teams since 1981 , when the Gamecocks started the men 's program in 1978 . The current grandstand was built in 1996 thanks to a USD 1m grant from Eugene E. Stone III , a Carolina graduate . The nickname the Graveyard comes from the stadium 's proximity to House of Peace cemetery . The women 's team plays in the Southeastern Conference , while the men 's team plays in Conference USA ( men 's soccer is not sanctioned by the SEC ; both SEC schools with the sport play in C-USA ) ."}]}, {'value': 'South Carolina Gamecocks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Carolina_Gamecocks', 'summary': "The South Carolina Gamecocks represent the University of South Carolina in the NCAA Division I . This moniker is in honor of Thomas Sumter , a Revolutionary War hero from South Carolina who was nicknamed the Carolina Gamecock after British General Banastre Tarleton said Sumter fought like a gamecock . While the men 's teams were traditionally known as the Fighting Gamecocks and the women 's teams were previously known as the Lady Gamecocks , this distinction was discontinued in part to eliminate any gender bias in the athletic department and in part to counter misconceptions about the gamecock mascot endorsing bloodsport . All of the University 's varsity teams compete at the Division I level of the NCAA , and all but men 's soccer and women 's beach volleyball compete in the Southeastern Conference . Men 's soccer competes in Conference USA and women 's beach volleyball competes in the Coastal Collegiate Sports Association because the SEC does not sponsor those sports . The athletic department is supported with private money from the Gamecock Club . It was originally formed as the B.A.M . ( Buck-A-Month ) Club in 1939 and 1940 to benefit the athletic programs from privately raised funds . The university 's athletic programs have earned ten national team titles and produced many Olympians . Tim Brando ( formerly of CBS Sports ) was quoted as saying , You wo n't find any more loyal fans in the country than those who follow the South Carolina Gamecocks ."}]}, {'value': 'Columbia , South Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Columbia,_South_Carolina', 'summary': "Columbia is the capital and second largest city of the U.S. state of South Carolina , with a population estimate of 133,451 as of 2018 . The city serves as the county seat of Richland County , and a portion of the city extends into neighboring Lexington County . It is the center of the Columbia metropolitan statistical area , which had a population of 767,598 as of the 2010 United States Census , growing to 832,666 by July 1 , 2018 , according to 2018 U.S. Census estimates . This makes it the 70th largest metropolitan statistical area in the nation , as estimated by the United States Census Bureau as of July 1 , 2018 . The name Columbia is a poetic term used for the United States , originating from the name of Christopher Columbus . The city is located approximately 13 miles ( 21 km ) northwest of the geographic center of South Carolina , and is the primary city of the Midlands region of the state . It lies at the confluence of the Saluda River and the Broad River , which merge at Columbia to form the Congaree River . Columbia is home to the University of South Carolina , the state 's flagship university and the largest in the state , and is also the site of Fort Jackson , the largest United States Army installation for Basic Combat Training . Columbia is also located 20 miles west of the site of McEntire Joint National Guard Base , which is operated by the U.S. Air Force and is used as a training base for the 169th Fighter Wing of The South Carolina Air National Guard . Columbia is also the location of the South Carolina State House , which is the center of government for the state . In 1860 , the city was the location of the South Carolina Secession Convention , which marked the departure of the first state from the Union in the events leading up to the Civil War ."}]}, {'value': '5,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harder Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harder_Stadium', 'summary': "Harder Stadium is a 17,000 seat , outdoor multi-purpose stadium on the campus of the University of California , Santa Barbara in Santa Barbara , California . It serves as the on-campus soccer stadium for both the men 's and women 's programs . It is also currently used occasionally by the university 's club rugby and lacrosse teams and previously served as the home for the football team ."}]}, {'value': 'UC Santa Barbara Gauchos', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/UC_Santa_Barbara_Gauchos_men's_soccer", 'summary': "The UC Santa Barbara Gauchos men 's soccer team is a NCAA Division I college soccer team composed of student-athletes attending the University of California , Santa Barbara . The Gauchos play their home matches at Harder Stadium . Like most of the other UC Santa Barbara Gauchos athletic teams , the men 's soccer team competes in the Big West Conference . The Gauchos won the 2006 NCAA Division I Men 's Soccer Championship . The program has produced a total of 19 All-American selections , all but one of which since 2002 , and over 50 players who have gone on to play professionally or represent their senior national teams . From 2007 to 2015 , the Gauchos were recognized every year by the NCAA as the men 's attendance champions by average attendance ( men 's and women 's inclusive across Division I , II , and III ) - the longest such recorded streak in the NCAA record books . The program holds the top six all-time NCAA soccer records for largest regular season attendances at on-campus venues ( men 's and women 's inclusive across Division I , II , and III ) . This is highlighted by the top all-time mark of 15,896 fans packed into Harder Stadium on September 24 , 2010 , when UC Santa Barbara hosted UCLA for their regular season match , despite the Santa Barbara County Fire Marshal turning fans away at the gates for fear of filling the stadium over capacity ."}]}, {'value': 'Santa Barbara , California', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santa_Barbara,_California', 'summary': "Santa Barbara ( Spanish : Santa Bárbara ; Spanish for Saint Barbara ) is a coastal city in , and the county seat of , Santa Barbara County in the U.S. state of California . Situated on a south-facing section of coastline , the longest such section on the West Coast of the United States , the city lies between the steeply rising Santa Ynez Mountains and the Pacific Ocean . Santa Barbara 's climate is often described as Mediterranean , and the city has been promoted as the American Riviera . As of 2018 , [ update ] the city had an estimated population of 91,350 , up from 88,410 in 2010 , making it the second most populous city in the county after Santa Maria . The contiguous urban area , which includes the cities of Goleta and Carpinteria , along with the unincorporated regions of Isla Vista , Montecito , Mission Canyon , Hope Ranch , Summerland , and others , has an approximate population of 220,000 . The population of the entire county in 2010 was 423,895 . In addition to being a popular tourist and resort destination , the city economy includes a large service sector , education , technology , health care , finance , agriculture , manufacturing , and local government . In 2004 , the service sector accounted for fully 35% of local employment . Education in particular is well-represented , with four institutions of higher learning on the south coast ( the University of California , Santa Barbara , Santa Barbara City College , Westmont College , and Antioch University ) . The Santa Barbara Airport serves the city , Santa Barbara Aviation provides jet charter aircraft , and train service is provided by Amtrak , which operates the Pacific Surfliner ( which runs from San Diego to San Luis Obispo ) . U.S. Highway 101 connects the Santa Barbara area with Los Angeles roughly 100 miles ( 160 km ) to the southeast and San Francisco around 325 miles ( 525 km ) to the northwest . Behind the city , in and beyond the Santa Ynez Mountains , is the Los Padres National Forest , which contains several remote wilderness areas ."}]}, {'value': '17,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1966', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hermann Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hermann_Stadium', 'summary': "Hermann Stadium , or fully , Robert R. Hermann Stadium is located in Midtown St. Louis , Missouri , on the campus of Saint Louis University . The first game played was August 21 , 1999 . This is where both the Billiken men 's and women 's soccer teams play . Also , several other events take place here , such as pep rallies and the University 's Relay For Life . The seating capacity of the stadium is 6,050 . The stadium is named after Bob Hermann . The Billikens play on a regulation 120x75-yard soccer pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Saint Louis Billikens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saint_Louis_Billikens', 'summary': 'The Saint Louis Billikens are the collegiate athletic teams from Saint Louis University of St. Louis , Missouri . The Billikens compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) as a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference ( where they are the westernmost member , and both the first member located west of the Mississippi and in the Central Time Zone ) . The school has nationally recognized soccer programs for men and women . The school has heavily invested in its on-campus athletic facilities in the past twenty years with the creation of Hermann Stadium and Chaifetz Arena . Chris May is the current director of athletics of the St. Louis Billikens .'}]}, {'value': 'St. Louis , Missouri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri', 'summary': "St. Louis ( /seɪnt ˈluːɪs/ ) is an independent city in Missouri . It is the largest metropolitan area in the state of Missouri , however the independent city of St. Louis is the second-largest city in Missouri behind Kansas City . It is situated along the western bank of the Mississippi River , which forms the state line between Illinois and Missouri . The Missouri River merges with the Mississippi River 15 river miles north of Downtown St. Louis , forming the fourth-longest river system in the world . The estimated 2018 population of the city proper was 302,838 and the bi-state metropolitan area was 2,804,724 . Greater St. Louis is the largest metropolitan area in Missouri , second-largest in Illinois , 7th-largest in the Great Lakes Megalopolis , and the 20th-largest in the United States . Before European settlement , the area was a regional center of Native American Mississippian culture . The city of St. Louis was founded in 1764 by French fur traders Pierre Laclède and Auguste Chouteau , and named after Louis IX of France . In 1764 , following France 's defeat in the Seven Years ' War , the area was ceded to Spain and retroceded back to France in 1800 . In 1803 , the United States acquired the territory as part of the Louisiana Purchase . During the 19th century , St. Louis became a major port on the Mississippi River ; at the time of the 1870 Census , it was the fourth-largest city in the country . It separated from St. Louis County in 1877 , becoming an independent city and limiting its own political boundaries ."}]}, {'value': '6,050', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hofstra University Soccer Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hofstra_University_Soccer_Stadium', 'summary': "Hofstra University Soccer Stadium , is a 1,600 seat soccer-specific stadium on the campus of Hofstra University in Hempstead , New York . It is part of the Hofstra University sports complex . First opened in 2003 , it is the home field of the Hofstra Pride men 's and women 's soccer teams . The stadium has hosted the first round of the NCAA Division I Men 's Soccer Tournament games in 2005 , 2006 and 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'Hofstra Pride', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hofstra_Pride', 'summary': 'The Hofstra Pride ( formerly the Hofstra Flying Dutchmen ) are composed of 17 teams representing Hofstra University in intercollegiate athletics , including men and womens basketball , cross-country running , golf , lacrosse , soccer , and tennis . Mens sports include baseball and wrestling . Womens sports include volleyball , field hockey , and softball . The Pride compete in the NCAA Division I and have been members of the Colonial Athletic Association in most sports since 2001 . They were previously members of the America East Conference .'}]}, {'value': 'Hempstead , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hempstead,_New_York', 'summary': "The Town of Hempstead is one of the three towns in Nassau County , New York , United States , occupying the southwestern part of the county , in the western half of Long Island . Twenty-two incorporated villages ( one of which is named Hempstead ) are completely or partially within the town . The town 's combined population was 759,757 at the 2010 census , which is the majority of the population of the county and by far the largest of any town in New York . If Hempstead were to be incorporated as a city , it would be the second-largest city in New York , behind New York City ; it is more than three times the size of Buffalo , which has long been the state 's second-largest city . It would be the 18th-largest city in the country , behind Charlotte , North Carolina and ahead of Seattle , Washington . Hempstead is also the most populous municipality in the New York metropolitan area outside New York City . Hofstra University 's main campus is located in Hempstead ."}]}, {'value': '1,600', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hurricane Soccer & Track Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hurricane_Soccer_&_Track_Stadium', 'summary': 'Hurricane Soccer & Track Stadium is a stadium in Tulsa , Oklahoma on the campus of the University of Tulsa . The stadium has seating for 2,000 , plus standing room if needed . It is home to the Golden Hurricane track and field and soccer teams . On Wednesday , May 20 , 2015 the Tulsa Roughnecks hosted the Seacoast United Phantoms in the second round of the Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Tulsa Golden Hurricane', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tulsa_Golden_Hurricane', 'summary': "The Golden Hurricane are the athletic teams that represent The University of Tulsa . These teams are referred to as the Tulsa Golden Hurricane ( or variously as TU or Tulsa ) . Before adopting the name Golden Hurricane in 1922 , the University of Tulsa ( TU ) had many unofficial team nicknames including Kendallites ( from TU 's predecessor institution Henry Kendall College ) , Presbyterians ( from the university 's founding by the Presbyterian Church ) , Tulsans , Tigers , Orange and Black , and Yellow Jackets . The name Golden Tornadoes was chosen by TU football coach H.M. Archer ( 1922-24 ) based on new gold and black uniforms ( rather than the previous orange and black ) and a remark made during practice of the team roaring through opponents ( during a season when TU went undefeated , including wins over Texas A & M and the University of Arkansas ) . However , it was quickly discovered that the same name had been chosen in 1917 by Georgia Tech . Archer then substituted the term hurricane for tornado and a team vote prior to leaving for the game against Texas A & M confirmed the official nickname as Golden Hurricane ."}]}, {'value': 'Tulsa , Oklahoma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tulsa,_Oklahoma', 'summary': "Tulsa /ˈtʌlsə/ is the second-largest city in the state of Oklahoma and 45th-most populous city in the United States . As of July 2018 [ update ] , the population was 403,035 , an increase of 11,129 since the 2010 Census . It is the principal municipality of the Tulsa Metropolitan Area , a region with 991,005 residents in the MSA and 1,251,172 in the CSA . The city serves as the county seat of Tulsa County , the most densely populated county in Oklahoma , with urban development extending into Osage , Rogers , and Wagoner counties . Tulsa was settled between 1828 and 1836 by the Lochapoka Band of Creek Native American tribe . For most of the 20th century , the city held the nickname Oil Capital of the World and played a major role as one of the most important hubs for the American oil industry . Historically , a robust energy sector fueled Tulsa 's economy ; however , today the city has diversified and leading sectors include finance , aviation , telecommunications and technology . Two institutions of higher education within the city have sports teams at the NCAA Division I level , Oral Roberts University and the University of Tulsa . It is situated on the Arkansas River between the Osage Hills and the foothills of the Ozark Mountains in northeast Oklahoma , a region of the state known as Green Country . Considered the cultural and arts center of Oklahoma , Tulsa houses two art museums , full-time professional opera and ballet companies , and one of the nation 's largest concentrations of art deco architecture . The city has been called one of America 's most livable large cities by Partners for Livable Communities , Forbes , and Relocate America . FDi Magazine in 2009 ranked the city no ."}]}, {'value': '2,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lamar Soccer Complex', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamar_Soccer_Complex', 'summary': 'The Lamar Soccer Complex , built in 2009 on the campus of Lamar University , is a soccer facility located in Beaumont , Texas . It is the home stadium for the Division I ( NCAA ) Lamar Lady Cardinals soccer team . The stadium has a permanent seating capacity of 500 . Stadium features include covered benches for both the home and visiting teams , lighting , and a programmable fertilization and irrigation system . Construction of the stadium began on June 15 , 2009 . Construction cost of the soccer field and adjacent Lamar Soccer and Softball Complex building was $ 3,724,920 . The stadium and supporting Lamar Soccer and Softball Complex building were part of a $ 29 million athletic construction project . The first match at the new stadium was a 2-1 loss against the New Mexico State Aggies on September 25 , 2009 . Official attendance for the opening game was 512 .'}]}, {'value': 'Lamar Lady Cardinals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lamar_Cardinals_and_Lady_Cardinals', 'summary': 'The Lamar Cardinals and Lady Cardinals ( variously Cardinals or Cards ) refers to the college athletics teams of Lamar University , in Beaumont , Texas . The Cardinals and Lady Cardinals teams compete in all seventeen NCAA Division I sports sponsored by the Southland Conference .'}]}, {'value': 'Beaumont , Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beaumont,_Texas', 'summary': 'Beaumont ( /ˈboʊmɒnt/ BOH-mont ) is a city in and the county seat of Jefferson County , Texas , in the United States , within the Beaumont-Port Arthur Metropolitan Statistical Area . Located in Southeast Texas on the Neches River about 85 miles ( 137 km ) east of Houston ( city center to city center ) , Beaumont had a population of 117,267 at the time of the 2010 census , making it the 30th most populous city in the state of Texas . Beaumont was founded as a town in 1835 . The pioneer settlement had an economy based on the development of lumber , farming , and port industries . In 1892 , Joseph Eloi Broussard opened the first commercially successful rice mill in the state , stimulating development of rice farming in the area ; he also started an irrigation company ( since 1933 established as the Lower Neches Valley Authority ) to support rice culture . Rice became an important commodity crop in Texas , and is now cultivated in 23 counties . A big change occurred in 1901 with the Spindletop gusher , which demonstrated that a huge oil field lay underneath and adjacent to the city . With Spindletop , several energy companies developed in Beaumont , and some continue . The area rapidly developed as one of the major petro-chemical refining areas in the country . Along with Port Arthur and Orange , Beaumont forms the Golden Triangle , a major industrial area on the Texas Gulf Coast . Beaumont is home of Lamar University , a national Carnegie Doctoral Research university with 14,966 students , including undergraduates and post graduates . Over the years , several corporations have been based in this city , including Gulf States Utilities which had its headquarters in Beaumont until its takeover by Entergy Corporation in 1993 .'}]}, {'value': '500', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mazzella Field', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mazzella_Field', 'summary': "Mazzella Field is a 2,400 seat soccer-specific stadium on the campus of Iona College in New Rochelle , New York . It is home to the Iona College Gaels soccer , rugby , and lacrosse teams , as well as the Women 's New York Magic of United Women 's Soccer . First opened in 1989 , it was originally used as a multi-purpose stadium that also hosted the school 's football team until the program was disbanded in 2008 . The field was the site of the 2008 Empire State Games men 's lacrosse championships . In June 2017 , Mazzella Field received a new FieldTurf surface striped for soccer and lacrosse ."}]}, {'value': 'Iona Gaels', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iona_Gaels', 'summary': "The Iona Gaels are the athletics teams of Iona College , in New Rochelle , New York . They compete in the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference ( MAAC ) and participate in 21 NCAA Division I programs . Other members of the MAAC include Canisius College , Fairfield University , Manhattan College , Marist College , Monmouth University , Niagara University , Quinnipiac University , Rider University , Saint Peter 's University , and Siena College ."}]}, {'value': 'New Rochelle , New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Rochelle,_New_York', 'summary': "New Rochelle /rəˈʃɛl/ is a city in Westchester County , New York , United States , in the southeastern portion of the state . In 2007 , the city had a population of 73,260 , making it the seventh-largest in the state of New York . As of the 2010 Census , the city 's population had increased to 77,062 . In November 2008 Business Week magazine listed New Rochelle as the best city in New York State , and one of the best places nationally , to raise children . In 2014 , based on analysis of 550 U.S. cities , New Rochelle was voted the 13th best city to live in ."}]}, {'value': '2,400', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mean Green Village', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mean_Green_Village', 'summary': "The Mean Green Village is a collection of athletic facilities in Denton , Texas . It is located on the opposite side of Interstate 35 in Texas from the University of North Texas campus at the intersection of Interstate 35 East and West . Since 2002 , several buildings have been completed , including athletic department offices , softball and soccer fields , and a tennis complex . Apogee Stadium , UNT 's new football stadium , is located in the Mean Green Village . The stadium seats 30,850 fans and has 24 luxury boxes . It is the nation 's first newly built platinum-certified Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design stadium ."}]}, {'value': 'North Texas Mean Green', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Texas_Mean_Green', 'summary': "North Texas Mean Green ( formerly North Texas Eagles ) represents the University of North Texas ( UNT ) in intercollegiate athletics . The teams compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . North Texas competed in the Sun Belt Conference until joining Conference USA ( C-USA ) on July 1 , 2013 . UNT 's official school colors are green , white and black . North Texas ' mascot is an eagle named Scrappy ."}]}, {'value': 'Denton , Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denton,_Texas', 'summary': "Denton is a city in and the county seat of Denton County , Texas , United States . With an estimated population of 138,541 as of 2019 , it is the 24th-most populous city in Texas , the 196th-most populous city in the United States , and the 12th-most populous city in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex . A Texas land grant led to the formation of Denton County in 1846 , and the city was incorporated in 1866 . Both were named after pioneer and Texas militia captain John B. Denton . The arrival of a railroad line in the city in 1881 spurred population , and the establishment of the University of North Texas in 1890 and Texas Woman 's University in 1901 distinguished the city from neighboring regions . After the construction of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport finished in 1974 , the city had more rapid growth ; as of 2011 , Denton was the seventh-fastest growing city with a population over 100,000 in the country . Located on the far north end of the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex in North Texas on Interstate 35 , Denton is known for its active music life ; the North Texas State Fair and Rodeo , Denton Arts and Jazz Festival , and 35 Denton Music Festival attract over 300,000 people to the city each year . The city experiences hot , humid summers and relatively few extreme weather events . Its diverse citizenry is represented by a nonpartisan city council , and numerous county and state departments have offices in the city . With over 45,000 students enrolled at the two universities located within its city limits , Denton is often characterized as a college town . As a result of the universities ' growth , educational services play a large role in the city 's economy . Residents are served by the Denton County Transportation Authority , which provides commuter rail and bus service to the area ."}]}, {'value': '1,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mike Rose Soccer Complex', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Rose_Soccer_Complex', 'summary': 'The Mike Rose Soccer Complex is a complex of 16 soccer fields and one 2,500-capacity stadium located in Memphis , Tennessee . The complex and stadium were completed in 2001 at a cost of around $ 4 million . The complex is home to many clubs in the Memphis area as well as several regional tournaments . The largest cross country race at night known as the Memphis Twilight Invitational is held here as well .'}]}, {'value': 'Memphis Tigers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Memphis_Tigers', 'summary': 'The Memphis Tigers are the intercollegiate athletic teams that represent the University of Memphis , located in Memphis , Tennessee . The teams compete at the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I level as a member of the American Athletic Conference , except for the rifle team , which is a member of the single-sport Great America Rifle Conference .'}]}, {'value': 'Memphis , Tennessee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee', 'summary': "Memphis is a city located along the Mississippi River in southwestern Shelby County , Tennessee , United States . The 2018 city population was 650,618 , making Memphis the largest city on the Mississippi River , the second most populous city in Tennessee , as well as the 26th largest city in the United States . Greater Memphis is the 42nd largest metropolitan area in the United States , with a population of 1,348,260 in 2017 . The city is the anchor of West Tennessee and the greater Mid-South region , which includes portions of neighboring Arkansas and Mississippi . Memphis is the seat of Shelby County , the most populous county in Tennessee . As one of the more historic and culturally significant cities of the southern United States , the city features a wide variety of landscapes and distinct neighborhoods . The first European explorer to visit the area of present-day Memphis was Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto in 1541 with his expedition into the New World . The high Chickasaw Bluffs protecting the location from the waters of the Mississippi would then be contested between the Spanish , French , and the English as Memphis took shape . Modern Memphis was founded in 1819 by three prominent Americans : John Overton , James Winchester , and future president Andrew Jackson . Memphis grew into one of the largest cities of the Antebellum South as a market for agricultural goods , natural resources like lumber , and the American slave trade . After the American Civil War and the end of slavery , the city experienced even faster growth into the 20th century as it became among the largest world markets for cotton and lumber . Home to Tennessee 's largest African-American population , Memphis played a prominent role in the American civil rights movement and was the site of Dr. Martin Luther King , Jr. 's 1968 assassination ."}]}, {'value': '2,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Morrison Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morrison_Stadium', 'summary': "Morrison Stadium is a 6,000-seat soccer-specific stadium located between 17th and 19th Streets to the north of Cass Street , on the east side of the Creighton University campus in the NoDo neighborhood of Omaha , Nebraska . The main entrance and ticket window is located on the west side , at the intersection of California and Florence Blvd . ( 19th Street ) . The stadium is home to the Creighton Bluejays men 's and women 's soccer teams ."}]}, {'value': 'Creighton Bluejays', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Creighton_Bluejays', 'summary': 'The Creighton Bluejays , or Jays , are the athletic teams that represent Creighton University , a Jesuit/Catholic University in Omaha , Nebraska , United States . They compete in NCAA Division I in the Big East Conference .'}]}, {'value': 'Omaha , Nebraska', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska', 'summary': "Omaha ( /ˈoʊməhɑː/ OH-mə-hah ) is the largest city in the state of Nebraska and the county seat of Douglas County . Omaha is in the Midwestern United States on the Missouri River , about 10 miles ( 15 km ) north of the mouth of the Platte River . The nation 's 40th-largest city , Omaha 's 2018 estimated population was 466,061 . Omaha is the anchor of the eight-county , bi-state Omaha-Council Bluffs metropolitan area . The Omaha Metropolitan Area is the 59th largest in the United States , with an estimated population of 944,316 ( 2018 ) . The Omaha-Council Bluffs-Fremont , NE-IA Combined Statistical Area ( CSA ) encompasses the Omaha-Council Bluffs MSA as well as the separate Fremont , NE Micropolitan Statistical Area , which consists of the entirety of Dodge County , Ohio . The total population of the CSA was 970,023 based on 2017 estimates . Approximately 1.3 million people reside within the Greater Omaha area , within a 50 mi ( 80 km ) radius of Downtown Omaha . Omaha 's pioneer period began in 1854 , when the city was founded by speculators from neighboring Council Bluffs , Iowa . The city was founded along the Missouri River , and a crossing called Lone Tree Ferry earned the city its nickname , the Gateway to the West . Omaha introduced this new West to the world in 1898 , when it played host to the World 's Fair , dubbed the Trans-Mississippi Exposition . During the 19th century , Omaha 's central location in the United States spurred the city to become an important national transportation hub ."}]}, {'value': '6,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'NCAA ( Division I )', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Soccer-specific_stadium_5', 'intro': "Soccer-specific stadium is a term used mainly in the United States and Canada to refer to a sports stadium either purpose-built or fundamentally redesigned for soccer and whose primary function is to host soccer matches, as opposed to a multi-purpose stadium which is for a variety of sports. A soccer-specific stadium may host other sporting events (such as lacrosse, American football and rugby) and concerts, but the design and purpose of a soccer-specific stadium is primarily for soccer. Some facilities (for example Toyota Park, Toyota Stadium and Mapfre Stadium) have a permanent stage at one end of the stadium used for staging concerts. A soccer-specific stadium typically has amenities, dimensions and scale suitable for soccer in North America, including a scoreboard, video screen, luxury suites and possibly a roof. The field dimensions are within the range found optimal by FIFA: 110-120 yards (100-110 m) long by 70-80 yards (64-73 m) wide. These soccer field dimensions are wider than the regulation American football field width of 53 1⁄3 yards (48.8 m), or the 65-yard (59 m) width of a Canadian football field. The playing surface typically consists of grass as opposed to artificial turf, as the latter is generally disfavored for soccer matches since players are more susceptible to injuries. However, some soccer specific stadiums, such as Portland's Providence Park and Creighton University's Morrison Stadium, do have artificial turf. The seating capacity is generally between 18,000 and 30,000 for a Major League Soccer franchise, or smaller for college or minor league soccer teams. This is in comparison to the much larger American football stadiums that mostly range between 60,000 and 80,000 in which the original North American Soccer League teams played and most MLS teams occupied during the league's inception. As opposed to gridiron-style football stadiums, where the front row of seats is elevated several feet above the field of play to allow spectators to see over the heads of substitute players and coaches on the sidelines, soccer-specific venues typically have the front row closer to the level of the pitch."}
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Which non-soccer sports infrequently use the NCAA soccer-specific stadium with a larger capacity than Bill Armstrong Stadium ?
rugby and lacrosse
048d88431522185b
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_explorers', 'title': 'List of explorers', 'header': ['Name', 'Modern ( and former ) nationality', 'Centuries', 'Main areas explored'], 'data': [{'value': 'Antonio de Abreu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Antonio_de_Abreu', 'summary': "António de Abreu ( c. 1480 - c. 1514 ) was a 16th-century Portuguese navigator and naval officer . He participated under the command of Afonso de Albuquerque in the conquest of Ormus in 1507 and Malacca in 1511 , where he got injured . Departing from Malacca in November 1511 with four ships , in an exploratory voyage to the 'Spice Islands ' of Maluku , he led the first European expedition to reach Timor and the Banda Islands , in Indonesia , in 1512 ."}]}, {'value': 'Portuguese', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portuguese_people', 'summary': "Portuguese people are a Romance ethnic group indigenous to Portugal who share a common Portuguese culture , ancestry and language . Their predominant religion is Christianity , mainly Roman Catholicism , though large segments of the population , especially the younger generations , have no religious affiliation . The Portuguese people 's heritage largely derives from the pre-Celts ( Lusitanians , Conii ) and Celts ( Gallaecians , Turduli and Celtici ) , who were Romanized after the conquest of the region by the ancient Romans . A number of Portuguese can also trace minor descent from Germanic tribes who arrived after the Roman period as ruling elites , namely the Suebi , Vandals and Visigoths , who ruled for circa three hundred years . Finally , the Moorish occupation left a genetic contribution in the Iberian Peninsula , especially in western and southern regions . The Roman Republic conquered the Iberian Peninsula during the 2nd and 1st centuries B.C . from the extensive maritime empire of Carthage during the series of Punic Wars . As a result of Roman colonization , the Portuguese language stems primarily from Vulgar Latin . Due to the large historical extent from the 16th century of the Portuguese Empire and the subsequent colonization of territories in Asia , Africa and the Americas , as well as historical and recent emigration , Portuguese communities can be found in many diverse regions around the globe , and a large Portuguese diaspora exists . Portuguese people began an Age of Exploration which started in 1415 with the conquest of Ceuta and culminated in an empire with territories that are now part of over 50 countries . The Portuguese Empire lasted nearly 600 years , seeing its end when Macau was returned to China in 1999 . The discovery of several lands unknown to Europeans in the Americas , Africa , Asia and Oceania ( southwest Pacific Ocean ) , forged the Portuguese Empire described as the first global empire in history , also paving the way for the domination of Western civilisation by other neighbouring European nations ."}]}, {'value': '16th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indonesia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indonesia', 'summary': "Indonesia ( /ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ ( listen ) IN-də-NEE-zhə ) , officially the Republic of Indonesia ( Indonesian : Republik Indonesia [ reˈpublik ɪndoˈnesia ] ( listen ) ) , [ a ] is a country in Southeast Asia , between the Indian and Pacific oceans . It is the world 's largest island country , with more than seventeen thousand islands , and at 1,904,569 square kilometres ( 735,358 square miles ) , the 14th largest by land area and 7th in the combined sea and land area . With over 267 million people , it is the world 's 4th most populous country as well as the most populous Muslim-majority country . Java , the world 's most populous island , is home to more than half of the country 's population . The country 's capital , Jakarta , is the second-most populous urban area in the world . The sovereign state is a presidential , constitutional republic with an elected legislature . It has 34 provinces , of which five have special status . The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea , East Timor , and the eastern part of Malaysia . Other neighbouring countries include Singapore , Vietnam , the Philippines , Australia , Palau , and India 's Andaman and Nicobar Islands . Despite its large population and densely populated regions , Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support a high level of biodiversity . The country has abundant natural resources like oil and natural gas , coal , tin , copper , gold , and nickel , while agriculture mainly produces rice , palm oil , tea , coffee , cacao , medicinal plants , spices , and rubber . China , the United States , Japan , Singapore , and India are Indonesia 's major trading partners ."}]}, {'value': 'William Adams', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Adams_(sailor,_born_1564)', 'summary': "William Adams ( 24 September 1564 - 16 May 1620 ) , known in Japanese as Miura Anjin ( 三浦按針 : the pilot of Miura ) , was an English navigator who , in 1600 , was the first Englishman to reach Japan during a five-ship expedition for a private Dutch fleet . Of the few survivors of the only ship that reached Japan , Adams and his second mate Jan Joosten were not allowed to leave the country while Jacob Quaeckernaeck and Melchior van Santvoort were to go back to the Dutch Republic to invite them to trade . Adams and Joosten settled in Japan and became two of the first ever ( and very few ) Western samurai . Soon after Adams 's arrival in Japan , he became a key advisor to the shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu . Adams directed construction for the shōgun of the first Western-style ships in the country . He was later key to Japan 's approving the establishment of trading factories by the Netherlands and England . He was also highly involved in Japan 's Red Seal Asian trade , chartering and serving as captain of four expeditions to Southeast Asia . He died in Japan at age 55 . He has been recognised as one of the most influential foreigners in Japan during this period ."}]}, {'value': 'English', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/English_people', 'summary': 'The English people are a nation and an ethnic group native to England who speak the English language . The English identity is of early medieval origin , when they were known in Old English as the Angelcynn ( family of the Angles ) . Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles , one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Great Britain around the 5th century AD . England is the largest and most populous country of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , and the majority of people living there are British citizens . The English largely descend from two main historical population groups - the earlier Celtic Britons ( or Brythons ) and the Germanic tribes who settled in Britain following the withdrawal of the Romans : the Angles , Saxons , Jutes and Frisians . Collectively known as the Anglo-Saxons , they founded what was to become the Kingdom of England ( from the Old English Englaland ) by the early 10th century , in response to the invasion and minor settlement of Danes beginning in the late 9th century . This was followed by the Norman Conquest and limited settlement of Anglo-Normans in England in the latter 11th century . In the Acts of Union 1707 , the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland merged to become the Kingdom of Great Britain . Over the years , English customs and identity have become fairly closely aligned with British customs and identity in general . The English people are the source of the English language , the Westminster system , the common law system and numerous major sports such as cricket , football , rugby union , rugby league and tennis . These and other English cultural characteristics have spread worldwide , in part as a result of the former British Empire .'}]}, {'value': '17th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Diogo Afonso', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diogo_Afonso', 'summary': 'Diogo Afonso ( fl . 15th century ) was a Portuguese explorer .'}]}, {'value': 'Portuguese', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portuguese_people', 'summary': "Portuguese people are a Romance ethnic group indigenous to Portugal who share a common Portuguese culture , ancestry and language . Their predominant religion is Christianity , mainly Roman Catholicism , though large segments of the population , especially the younger generations , have no religious affiliation . The Portuguese people 's heritage largely derives from the pre-Celts ( Lusitanians , Conii ) and Celts ( Gallaecians , Turduli and Celtici ) , who were Romanized after the conquest of the region by the ancient Romans . A number of Portuguese can also trace minor descent from Germanic tribes who arrived after the Roman period as ruling elites , namely the Suebi , Vandals and Visigoths , who ruled for circa three hundred years . Finally , the Moorish occupation left a genetic contribution in the Iberian Peninsula , especially in western and southern regions . The Roman Republic conquered the Iberian Peninsula during the 2nd and 1st centuries B.C . from the extensive maritime empire of Carthage during the series of Punic Wars . As a result of Roman colonization , the Portuguese language stems primarily from Vulgar Latin . Due to the large historical extent from the 16th century of the Portuguese Empire and the subsequent colonization of territories in Asia , Africa and the Americas , as well as historical and recent emigration , Portuguese communities can be found in many diverse regions around the globe , and a large Portuguese diaspora exists . Portuguese people began an Age of Exploration which started in 1415 with the conquest of Ceuta and culminated in an empire with territories that are now part of over 50 countries . The Portuguese Empire lasted nearly 600 years , seeing its end when Macau was returned to China in 1999 . The discovery of several lands unknown to Europeans in the Americas , Africa , Asia and Oceania ( southwest Pacific Ocean ) , forged the Portuguese Empire described as the first global empire in history , also paving the way for the domination of Western civilisation by other neighbouring European nations ."}]}, {'value': '15th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Northwest African coast', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northwestern_Africa', 'summary': "The Maghreb ( /ˈmʌɡrəb/ ; Arabic : المغرب al-Maghrib , the west ) , also known as Northwest Africa , the Arab Maghreb ( المغرب العربي al-Maghrib al-ʻArabī ) , and Barbary , is a region of North Africa that is effectively a western part of the Arab world and is predominantly Muslim . The region includes Algeria , Libya , Mauritania , Morocco , and Tunisia , which are all member states of the Arab Maghreb Union ( AMU ) . The Maghreb additionally includes the disputed territories of Western Sahara ( controlled mostly by Morocco and partly by the self-proclaimed Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic ) and the cities of Ceuta and Melilla ( both are controlled by Spain but claimed by Morocco ) . As of 2018 , the region had a population of over 100 million people . Through the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries , English and European sources often referred to the region as the Barbary Coast or the Barbary States , a term derived from the Berbers . Sometimes , the region is referred to as the Land of the Atlas , derived from the Atlas Mountains found in the region . In Berber languages , Tamazgha refers to the Maghreb region together with smaller parts of Mali , Niger , Egypt , and the Spanish Canary Islands - the lands traditionally inhabited by Arab-Berbers . The Maghreb is usually defined as much of northern Africa , including a large portion of Africa 's Sahara Desert , but excludes Egypt and Sudan , which are considered to be in the Mashriq , the eastern part of the Arab world . The traditional definition of the Maghreb , which restricted it to the Atlas Mountains and the coastal plains of Morocco , Algeria , Tunisia , and Libya , was expanded by the inclusion of Mauritania and the disputed territory of Western Sahara . During the era of Al-Andalus in the Iberian Peninsula ( 711-1492 ) , the Maghreb 's inhabitants , the Muslim Berbers or Maghrebi , were known by Europeans as Moors , or as Afariqah ( Roman Africans ) . [ need quotation to verify ] Morocco transliterates into Arabic as al-Maghreb ( The Maghreb ) . Before the establishment of modern nation states in the region during the 20th century , Maghreb most commonly referred to a smaller area , between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlas Mountains in the south ."}]}, {'value': 'Charles Albanel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charles_Albanel', 'summary': 'Charles Albanel ( 1616 - 11 January 1696 ) , born in Ardes or Auvergne , was a French missionary explorer in Canada , and a Jesuit priest .'}]}, {'value': 'French', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/French_people', 'summary': 'French people ( French : Français ) are a Western European nation that share a common French culture and speak the French language and are identified with the country of France . French people are the descendants of Gauls and Romans ( western european Celtic and Italic peoples ) , as well as Bretons , Aquitanians , Ligurians and finally Germanic people such as the Franks , the Visigoths , the Suebi , the Saxons , the Allemanni , and the Burgundians that settled Gaul from east of the Rhine after the fall of the Roman Empire and the Norse who settled in Normandy and to a lesser extent Brittany in the early 10th century . France has long been a patchwork of local customs and regional differences , and while most French people still speak the French language as their mother tongue , languages like Norman , Occitan , Catalan , Auvergnat , Corsican , Basque , French Flemish , Lorraine Franconian , Alsatian , and Breton remain spoken in their respective regions . Arabic is also widely spoken , arguably the largest minority language in France as of the 21st century ( a spot previously held by Breton and Occitan ) . Modern French society is a melting pot . From the middle of the 19th century , it experienced a high rate of inward migration , mainly consisting of Arab-Berbers , Jews , Sub-Saharan Africans , Chinese , and other peoples from Africa , the Middle East and East Asia , and the government , defining France as an inclusive nation with universal values , advocated assimilation through which immigrants were expected to adhere to French values and cultural norms . Nowadays , while the government has let newcomers retain their distinctive cultures since the mid-1980s and requires from them a mere integration , French citizens still equate their nationality with citizenship as does French law . In addition to mainland France , French people and people of French descent can be found internationally , in overseas departments and territories of France such as the French West Indies ( French Caribbean ) , and in foreign countries with significant French-speaking population groups or not , such as Switzerland ( French Swiss ) , the United States ( French Americans ) , Canada ( French Canadians ) , Argentina ( French Argentines ) , Brazil ( French Brazilians ) , Chile ( French Chileans ) and Uruguay ( French Uruguayans ) .'}]}, {'value': '17th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'Afonso de Albuquerque', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Afonso_de_Albuquerque', 'summary': 'Afonso de Albuquerque , Duke of Goa ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ɐˈfõsu ði aɫβuˈkɛɾk ( ɨ ) ] ; c. 1453 - 16 December 1515 ) ( also spelled Aphonso or Alfonso ) was a Portuguese general , a great conqueror , a statesman and an empire builder . Afonso advanced the three-fold Portuguese grand scheme of combating Islam , spreading Christianity , and securing the trade of spices by establishing a Portuguese Asian empire . Among his achievements , Afonso managed to conquer Goa and was the first European of the Renaissance to raid the Persian Gulf , and he led the first voyage by a European fleet into the Red Sea . His military and administrative works are generally regarded as among the most vital to building and securing the Portuguese Empire in the Orient , the Middle East , and the spice routes of eastern Oceania . Afonso is generally considered a military genius , and probably the greatest naval commander of the age given his successful strategy - he attempted to close all the Indian Ocean naval passages to the Atlantic , Red Sea , Persian Gulf , and to the Pacific , transforming it into a Portuguese mare clausum established over the opposition of the Ottoman Empire and its Muslim and Hindu allies . In the expansion of the Portuguese Empire , Afonso initiated a rivalry that would become known as the Ottoman-Portuguese war , which would endure for many years . Many of the Ottoman-Portuguese conflicts in which he was directly involved took place in the Indian Ocean , in the Persian Gulf regions for control of the trade routes , and on the coasts of India . It was his military brilliance in these initial campaigns against the much larger Ottoman Empire and its allies that enabled Portugal to become the first global empire in history . He had a record of engaging and defeating much larger armies and fleets . For example , his capture of Ormuz in 1507 against the Persians was accomplished with a fleet of seven ships . Other famous battles and offensives which he led include the conquest of Goa in 1510 and the capture of Malacca in 1511 . He became admiral of the Indian Ocean , and was appointed head of the fleet of the Arabian and Persian sea in 1506 .'}]}, {'value': 'Portuguese', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portuguese_people', 'summary': "Portuguese people are a Romance ethnic group indigenous to Portugal who share a common Portuguese culture , ancestry and language . Their predominant religion is Christianity , mainly Roman Catholicism , though large segments of the population , especially the younger generations , have no religious affiliation . The Portuguese people 's heritage largely derives from the pre-Celts ( Lusitanians , Conii ) and Celts ( Gallaecians , Turduli and Celtici ) , who were Romanized after the conquest of the region by the ancient Romans . A number of Portuguese can also trace minor descent from Germanic tribes who arrived after the Roman period as ruling elites , namely the Suebi , Vandals and Visigoths , who ruled for circa three hundred years . Finally , the Moorish occupation left a genetic contribution in the Iberian Peninsula , especially in western and southern regions . The Roman Republic conquered the Iberian Peninsula during the 2nd and 1st centuries B.C . from the extensive maritime empire of Carthage during the series of Punic Wars . As a result of Roman colonization , the Portuguese language stems primarily from Vulgar Latin . Due to the large historical extent from the 16th century of the Portuguese Empire and the subsequent colonization of territories in Asia , Africa and the Americas , as well as historical and recent emigration , Portuguese communities can be found in many diverse regions around the globe , and a large Portuguese diaspora exists . Portuguese people began an Age of Exploration which started in 1415 with the conquest of Ceuta and culminated in an empire with territories that are now part of over 50 countries . The Portuguese Empire lasted nearly 600 years , seeing its end when Macau was returned to China in 1999 . The discovery of several lands unknown to Europeans in the Americas , Africa , Asia and Oceania ( southwest Pacific Ocean ) , forged the Portuguese Empire described as the first global empire in history , also paving the way for the domination of Western civilisation by other neighbouring European nations ."}]}, {'value': '16th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Asia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Asia', 'summary': "Asia ( /ˈeɪʒə , ˈeɪʃə/ ( listen ) ) is Earth 's largest and most populous continent , located primarily in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres . It shares the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe and the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with both Europe and Africa . Asia covers an area of 44,579,000 square kilometres ( 17,212,000 sq mi ) , about 30% of Earth 's total land area and 8.7% of the Earth 's total surface area . The continent , which has long been home to the majority of the human population , was the site of many of the first civilizations . Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population , but also dense and large settlements , as well as vast barely populated regions . Its 4.5 billion people ( as of June 2019 [ update ] ) constitute roughly 60% of the world 's population , more than all other continents combined . In general terms , Asia is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean , on the south by the Indian Ocean , and on the north by the Arctic Ocean . The border of Asia with Europe is a historical and cultural construct , as there is no clear physical and geographical separation between them . It is somewhat arbitrary and has moved since its first conception in classical antiquity . The division of Eurasia into two continents reflects East-West cultural , linguistic , and ethnic differences , some of which vary on a spectrum rather than with a sharp dividing line . The most commonly accepted boundaries place Asia to the east of the Suez Canal separating it from Africa ; and to the east of the Turkish Straits , the Ural Mountains and Ural River , and to the south of the Caucasus Mountains and the Caspian and Black Seas , separating it from Europe . China and India alternated in being the largest economies in the world from 1 to 1800 CE ."}]}, {'value': 'Buzz Aldrin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin', 'summary': "Buzz Aldrin ( /ˈɔːldrɪn/ ; born Edwin Eugene Aldrin Jr. ; January 20 , 1930 ) is an American engineer , former astronaut and fighter pilot . Aldrin made three spacewalks as pilot of the 1966 Gemini 12 mission , and as the lunar module pilot on the 1969 Apollo 11 mission , he and mission commander Neil Armstrong were the first two humans to land on the Moon . Born in Glen Ridge , New Jersey , Aldrin graduated third in the class of 1951 from the United States Military Academy at West Point , with a degree in mechanical engineering . He was commissioned into the United States Air Force , and served as a jet fighter pilot during the Korean War . He flew 66 combat missions and shot down two MiG-15 aircraft . After earning a Sc.D . degree in astronautics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Aldrin was selected as a member of NASA 's Astronaut Group 3 , making him the first astronaut with a doctoral degree . His doctoral thesis was Line-of-Sight Guidance Techniques for Manned Orbital Rendezvous , earning him the nickname Dr. Rendezvous from fellow astronauts . His first space flight was in 1966 on Gemini 12 during which he spent over five hours on extravehicular activity . Three years later , Aldrin set foot on the Moon at 03:15:16 on July 21 , 1969 ( UTC ) , nineteen minutes after Armstrong first touched the surface , while command module pilot Michael Collins remained in lunar orbit . A Presbyterian elder , Aldrin became the first person to hold a religious ceremony on the Moon when he privately took communion . Upon leaving NASA in 1971 , Aldrin became Commandant of the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School ."}]}, {'value': 'American', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/American_people', 'summary': 'Americans are nationals and citizens of the United States of America . Although nationals and citizens make up the majority of Americans , some dual citizens , expatriates , and permanent residents may also claim American nationality . The United States is home to people of many different ethnic origins . As a result , American culture and law does not equate nationality with race or ethnicity , but with citizenship and permanent allegiance .'}]}, {'value': '20th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Moon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Moon', 'summary': "The Moon is an astronomical body that orbits Earth as its only natural satellite . It is the fifth-largest satellite in the Solar System , and by far the largest among planetary satellites relative to the size of the planet that it orbits ( its primary ) . The Moon is , after Jupiter 's satellite Io , the second-densest satellite in the Solar System among those whose densities are known . The Moon is thought to have formed about 4.51 billion years ago , not long after Earth . The most widely accepted explanation is that the Moon formed from the debris left over after a giant impact between Earth and a hypothetical Mars-sized body called Theia . New research of Moon rocks , although not rejecting the Theia hypothesis , suggests that the Moon may be older than previously thought . The Moon is in synchronous rotation with Earth , and thus always shows the same side to Earth , the near side . Because of libration , slightly more than half ( about 59% ) of the total lunar surface can be viewed from Earth . The near side is marked by dark volcanic maria that fill the spaces between the bright ancient crustal highlands and the prominent impact craters . After the Sun , the Moon is the second-brightest regularly visible celestial object in Earth 's sky . Its surface is actually dark , although compared to the night sky it appears very bright , with a reflectance just slightly higher than that of worn asphalt . Its gravitational influence produces the ocean tides , body tides , and the slight lengthening of the day ."}]}, {'value': 'Pêro de Alenquer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pêro_de_Alenquer', 'summary': "Pêro de Alenquer was a 15th-century Portuguese explorer of the African coast . Pêro was born in Alenquer . He accompanied Bartolomeu Dias on his journey around the Cape of Good Hope in 1487/1488 . He was the pilot of Vasco da Gama 's flagship on the latter 's first voyage to India and later wrote of it . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': 'Portuguese', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portuguese_people', 'summary': "Portuguese people are a Romance ethnic group indigenous to Portugal who share a common Portuguese culture , ancestry and language . Their predominant religion is Christianity , mainly Roman Catholicism , though large segments of the population , especially the younger generations , have no religious affiliation . The Portuguese people 's heritage largely derives from the pre-Celts ( Lusitanians , Conii ) and Celts ( Gallaecians , Turduli and Celtici ) , who were Romanized after the conquest of the region by the ancient Romans . A number of Portuguese can also trace minor descent from Germanic tribes who arrived after the Roman period as ruling elites , namely the Suebi , Vandals and Visigoths , who ruled for circa three hundred years . Finally , the Moorish occupation left a genetic contribution in the Iberian Peninsula , especially in western and southern regions . The Roman Republic conquered the Iberian Peninsula during the 2nd and 1st centuries B.C . from the extensive maritime empire of Carthage during the series of Punic Wars . As a result of Roman colonization , the Portuguese language stems primarily from Vulgar Latin . Due to the large historical extent from the 16th century of the Portuguese Empire and the subsequent colonization of territories in Asia , Africa and the Americas , as well as historical and recent emigration , Portuguese communities can be found in many diverse regions around the globe , and a large Portuguese diaspora exists . Portuguese people began an Age of Exploration which started in 1415 with the conquest of Ceuta and culminated in an empire with territories that are now part of over 50 countries . The Portuguese Empire lasted nearly 600 years , seeing its end when Macau was returned to China in 1999 . The discovery of several lands unknown to Europeans in the Americas , Africa , Asia and Oceania ( southwest Pacific Ocean ) , forged the Portuguese Empire described as the first global empire in history , also paving the way for the domination of Western civilisation by other neighbouring European nations ."}]}, {'value': '15th/16th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indian Ocean', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indian_Ocean', 'summary': "The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world 's oceanic divisions , covering 70,560,000 km2 ( 27,240,000 sq mi ) or 19.8% of the water on the Earth 's surface . It is bounded by Asia to the north , Africa to the west , and Australia to the east . To the south it is bounded by the Southern Ocean or Antarctica , depending on the definition in use ."}]}, {'value': 'Alexander the Great', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alexander_the_Great', 'summary': "Alexander III of Macedon ( Greek : Αλέξανδρος Γʹ ὁ Μακεδών ; 20/21 July 356 BC - 10/11 June 323 BC ) , commonly known as Alexander the Great ( Ancient Greek : Ἀλέξανδρος ὁ Μέγας , romanized : Aléxandros ho Mégas ) , was a king ( basileus ) of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon [ a ] and a member of the Argead dynasty . He was born in Pella in 356 BC and succeeded his father Philip II to the throne at the age of 20 . He spent most of his ruling years on an unprecedented military campaign through Asia and northeast Africa , and by the age of thirty , he had created one of the largest empires of the ancient world , stretching from Greece to northwestern India . He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered one of history 's most successful military commanders . During his youth , Alexander was tutored by Aristotle until age 16 . After Philip 's assassination in 336 BC , he succeeded his father to the throne and inherited a strong kingdom and an experienced army . Alexander was awarded the generalship of Greece and used this authority to launch his father 's pan-Hellenic project to lead the Greeks in the conquest of Persia . In 334 BC , he invaded the Achaemenid Empire ( Persian Empire ) and began a series of campaigns that lasted 10 years . Following the conquest of Anatolia , Alexander broke the power of Persia in a series of decisive battles , most notably the battles of Issus and Gaugamela . He subsequently overthrew Persian King Darius III and conquered the Achaemenid Empire in its entirety . [ b ] At that point , his empire stretched from the Adriatic Sea to the Beas River . Alexander endeavoured to reach the ends of the world and the Great Outer Sea and invaded India in 326 BC , winning an important victory over the Pauravas at the Battle of the Hydaspes ."}]}, {'value': 'Greek ( Macedonian )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greeks', 'summary': 'The Greeks or Hellenes ( /ˈhɛliːnz/ ; Greek : Έλληνες , Éllines [ ˈelines ] ) are an ethnic group native to Greece , Cyprus , Albania , Italy , Turkey , Egypt and , to a lesser extent , other countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea . They also form a significant diaspora , with Greek communities established around the world . Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea , but the Greek people have always been centered on the Aegean and Ionian seas , where the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age . Until the early 20th century , Greeks were distributed between the Greek peninsula , the western coast of Asia Minor , the Black Sea coast , Cappadocia in central Anatolia , Egypt , the Balkans , Cyprus , and Constantinople . Many of these regions coincided to a large extent with the borders of the Byzantine Empire of the late 11th century and the Eastern Mediterranean areas of ancient Greek colonization . The cultural centers of the Greeks have included Athens , Thessalonica , Alexandria , Smyrna , and Constantinople at various periods . In recent times , most ethnic Greeks live within the borders of the modern Greek state and Cyprus . The Greek genocide and population exchange between Greece and Turkey nearly ended the three millennia-old Greek presence in Asia Minor . Other longstanding Greek populations can be found from southern Italy to the Caucasus and southern Russia and Ukraine and in the Greek diaspora communities in a number of other countries . Today , most Greeks are officially registered as members of the Greek Orthodox Church . Throughout history , Greeks have greatly influenced and contributed to culture , visual arts , exploration , theatre , literature , philosophy , politics , architecture , music , mathematics , medicine , science , technology , commerce , cuisine and sports .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)', 'summary': "Macedonia ( /ˌmæsɪˈdoʊniə/ ( listen ) ; Ancient Greek : Μακεδονία , Makedonía ) , also called Macedon ( /ˈmæsɪdɒn/ ) , was an ancient kingdom on the periphery of Archaic and Classical Greece , and later the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece . The kingdom was founded and initially ruled by the royal Argead dynasty , which was followed by the Antipatrid and Antigonid dynasties . Home to the ancient Macedonians , the earliest kingdom was centered on the northeastern part of the Greek peninsula , and bordered by Epirus to the west , Paeonia to the north , Thrace to the east and Thessaly to the south . Before the 4th century BC , Macedonia was a small kingdom outside of the area dominated by the great city-states of Athens , Sparta and Thebes , and briefly subordinate to Achaemenid Persia . During the reign of the Argead king Philip II ( 359-336 BC ) , Macedonia subdued mainland Greece and the Thracian Odrysian kingdom through conquest and diplomacy . With a reformed army containing phalanxes wielding the sarissa pike , Philip II defeated the old powers of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC . Philip II 's son Alexander the Great , leading a federation of Greek states , accomplished his father 's objective of commanding the whole of Greece when he destroyed Thebes after the city revolted . During Alexander 's subsequent campaign of conquest , he overthrew the Achaemenid Empire and conquered territory that stretched as far as the Indus River . For a brief period , his empire was the most powerful in the world - the definitive Hellenistic state , inaugurating the transition to a new period of Ancient Greek civilization . Greek arts and literature flourished in the new conquered lands and advances in philosophy , engineering , and science spread throughout much of the ancient world . Of particular importance were the contributions of Aristotle , tutor to Alexander , whose writings became a keystone of Western philosophy . After Alexander 's death in 323 BC , the ensuing wars of the Diadochi , and the partitioning of Alexander 's short-lived empire , Macedonia remained a Greek cultural and political center in the Mediterranean region along with Ptolemaic Egypt , the Seleucid Empire , and the Kingdom of Pergamon ."}]}, {'value': '4th BC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indus River , Hindu Kush', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indus_River', 'summary': 'The Indus River ( locally called Sindhu ) is one of the longest rivers in Asia , originating in the Tibetan Plateau in the vicinity of Lake Manasarovar , the river runs a course through Ladakh towards the Gilgit-Baltistan region Hindukush ranges , and then flows in a southerly direction along the entire length of Pakistan to merge into the Arabian Sea near the port city of Karachi in Sindh . It is the longest river and national river of Pakistan . The river has a total drainage area exceeding 1,165,000 km2 ( 450,000 sq mi ) . Its estimated annual flow stands at around 243 km3 ( 58 cu mi ) , twice that of the Nile River and three times that of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers combined , making it one of the largest rivers in the world in terms of annual flow . The Zanskar is its left bank tributary in Ladakh . In the plains , its left bank tributary is the Panjnad which itself has five major tributaries , namely , the Chenab , Jhelum , the Ravi , the Beas , and the Sutlej . Its principal right bank tributaries are the Shyok , the Gilgit , the Kabul , the Gomal , and the Kurram . Beginning in a mountain spring and fed with glaciers and rivers in the Himalayan , Karakoram and Hindu Kush ranges , the river supports ecosystems of temperate forests , plains and arid countryside . The northern part of the Indus Valley , with its tributaries , forms the Punjab region , while the lower course of the river is known as Sindh and ends in a large delta . The river has historically been important to many cultures of the region . The 3rd millennium BC saw the rise of a major urban civilization of the Bronze Age . During the 2nd millennium BC , the Punjab region was mentioned in the hymns of the Hindu Rigveda as Sapta Sindhu and the Zoroastrian Avesta as Hapta Hindu ( both terms meaning seven rivers ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Hindu_Kush', 'summary': 'The Hindu Kush ( Pashto and Persian : هندوکش , commonly understood to mean Hindu killers or killer of the Hindus in Persian ; /kʊʃ , kuːʃ/ ) is an 800-kilometre-long ( 500 mi ) mountain range that stretches through Afghanistan , from its centre to northern Pakistan and into Tajikistan . It forms the western section of the Hindu Kush Himalayan Region ( HKH ) and is the westernmost extension of the Pamir Mountains , the Karakoram and the Himalayas . It divides the valley of the Amu Darya ( the ancient Oxus ) to the north from the Indus River valley to the south . The range has numerous high snow-capped peaks , with the highest point being Tirich Mir or Terichmir at 7,708 metres ( 25,289 ft ) in the Chitral District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , Pakistan . To the north , near its northeastern end , the Hindu Kush buttresses the Pamir Mountains near the point where the borders of China , Pakistan and Afghanistan meet , after which it runs southwest through Pakistan and into Afghanistan near their border . The eastern end of the Hindu Kush in the north merges with the Karakoram Range . Towards its southern end , it connects with the Spin Ghar Range near the Kabul River . The Hindu Kush range region was a historically significant centre of Buddhism with sites such as the Bamiyan Buddhas . It remained a stronghold of polytheistic faiths until the 19th century . The range and communities settled in it hosted ancient monasteries , important trade networks , and travellers between Central Asia and South Asia . The Hindu Kush range has also been the passageway during the invasions of the Indian subcontinent , and continues to be important during modern-era warfare in Afghanistan .'}]}, {'value': 'Jean Alfonse ( João Afonso )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jean_Alfonse', 'summary': 'Jean Fonteneau , dit Alfonse de Saintonge ( also spelled Jean Allefonsce ) or João Afonso in Portuguese ( also spelled João Alfonso ) ( born c. 1484 in Portugal - died December 1544 or 1549 off La Rochelle ) was a Portuguese navigator , explorer and corsair , prominent in the European age of discovery . He had an early career in Portugal and later served the King of France .'}]}, {'value': 'Portuguese - French', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portuguese_people', 'summary': "Portuguese people are a Romance ethnic group indigenous to Portugal who share a common Portuguese culture , ancestry and language . Their predominant religion is Christianity , mainly Roman Catholicism , though large segments of the population , especially the younger generations , have no religious affiliation . The Portuguese people 's heritage largely derives from the pre-Celts ( Lusitanians , Conii ) and Celts ( Gallaecians , Turduli and Celtici ) , who were Romanized after the conquest of the region by the ancient Romans . A number of Portuguese can also trace minor descent from Germanic tribes who arrived after the Roman period as ruling elites , namely the Suebi , Vandals and Visigoths , who ruled for circa three hundred years . Finally , the Moorish occupation left a genetic contribution in the Iberian Peninsula , especially in western and southern regions . The Roman Republic conquered the Iberian Peninsula during the 2nd and 1st centuries B.C . from the extensive maritime empire of Carthage during the series of Punic Wars . As a result of Roman colonization , the Portuguese language stems primarily from Vulgar Latin . Due to the large historical extent from the 16th century of the Portuguese Empire and the subsequent colonization of territories in Asia , Africa and the Americas , as well as historical and recent emigration , Portuguese communities can be found in many diverse regions around the globe , and a large Portuguese diaspora exists . Portuguese people began an Age of Exploration which started in 1415 with the conquest of Ceuta and culminated in an empire with territories that are now part of over 50 countries . The Portuguese Empire lasted nearly 600 years , seeing its end when Macau was returned to China in 1999 . The discovery of several lands unknown to Europeans in the Americas , Africa , Asia and Oceania ( southwest Pacific Ocean ) , forged the Portuguese Empire described as the first global empire in history , also paving the way for the domination of Western civilisation by other neighbouring European nations ."}, {'url': '/wiki/French_people', 'summary': 'French people ( French : Français ) are a Western European nation that share a common French culture and speak the French language and are identified with the country of France . French people are the descendants of Gauls and Romans ( western european Celtic and Italic peoples ) , as well as Bretons , Aquitanians , Ligurians and finally Germanic people such as the Franks , the Visigoths , the Suebi , the Saxons , the Allemanni , and the Burgundians that settled Gaul from east of the Rhine after the fall of the Roman Empire and the Norse who settled in Normandy and to a lesser extent Brittany in the early 10th century . France has long been a patchwork of local customs and regional differences , and while most French people still speak the French language as their mother tongue , languages like Norman , Occitan , Catalan , Auvergnat , Corsican , Basque , French Flemish , Lorraine Franconian , Alsatian , and Breton remain spoken in their respective regions . Arabic is also widely spoken , arguably the largest minority language in France as of the 21st century ( a spot previously held by Breton and Occitan ) . Modern French society is a melting pot . From the middle of the 19th century , it experienced a high rate of inward migration , mainly consisting of Arab-Berbers , Jews , Sub-Saharan Africans , Chinese , and other peoples from Africa , the Middle East and East Asia , and the government , defining France as an inclusive nation with universal values , advocated assimilation through which immigrants were expected to adhere to French values and cultural norms . Nowadays , while the government has let newcomers retain their distinctive cultures since the mid-1980s and requires from them a mere integration , French citizens still equate their nationality with citizenship as does French law . In addition to mainland France , French people and people of French descent can be found internationally , in overseas departments and territories of France such as the French West Indies ( French Caribbean ) , and in foreign countries with significant French-speaking population groups or not , such as Switzerland ( French Swiss ) , the United States ( French Americans ) , Canada ( French Canadians ) , Argentina ( French Argentines ) , Brazil ( French Brazilians ) , Chile ( French Chileans ) and Uruguay ( French Uruguayans ) .'}]}, {'value': '15th/16th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indian Ocean , Southeast Asia , possibly Australia ; Brazil , North America', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indian_Ocean', 'summary': "The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world 's oceanic divisions , covering 70,560,000 km2 ( 27,240,000 sq mi ) or 19.8% of the water on the Earth 's surface . It is bounded by Asia to the north , Africa to the west , and Australia to the east . To the south it is bounded by the Southern Ocean or Antarctica , depending on the definition in use ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Southeast_Asia', 'summary': 'Southeast Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia , consisting of the regions that are geographically south of China , east of the Indian subcontinent and north-west of Australia . Southeast Asia is bordered to the north by East Asia , to the west by South Asia and the Bay of Bengal , to the east by Oceania and the Pacific Ocean , and to the south by Australia and the Indian Ocean . The region is the only part of Asia that lies partly within the Southern Hemisphere , although the majority of it is in the Northern Hemisphere . In contemporary definition , Southeast Asia consists of two geographic regions :'}, {'url': '/wiki/Australia', 'summary': "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Brazil', 'summary': "Brazil ( Portuguese : Brasil ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ bɾaˈziw ] ) , [ nt 1 ] officially the Federative Republic of Brazil ( Portuguese : República Federativa do Brasil , listen ( help·info ) ) , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . At 8.5 million square kilometers ( 3.2 million square miles ) and with over 211 million people , Brazil is the world 's fifth-largest country by area and the sixth most populous . Its capital is Brasília , and its most populous city is São Paulo . The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states , the Federal District , and the 5,570 municipalities . It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas ; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations , due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers ( 4,655 mi ) . It borders all other countries in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent 's land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral , who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire . Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 , when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro . In 1815 , the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves ."}, {'url': '/wiki/North_America', 'summary': "North America is a continent entirely within the Northern Hemisphere and almost all within the Western Hemisphere . It is also considered by some [ quantify ] to be a northern subcontinent of the Americas . It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean , to the east by the Atlantic Ocean , to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean , and to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea . North America covers an area of about 24,709,000 square kilometers ( 9,540,000 square miles ) , about 16.5% of the earth 's land area and about 4.8% of its total surface . North America is the third largest continent by area , following Asia and Africa , and the fourth by population after Asia , Africa , and Europe . In 2013 , its population was estimated at nearly 579 million people in 23 independent states , or about 7.5% of the world 's population , if nearby islands ( most notably around the Caribbean ) are included . North America was reached by its first human populations during the last glacial period , via crossing the Bering land bridge approximately 40,000 to 17,000 years ago . The so-called Paleo-Indian period is taken to have lasted until about 10,000 years ago ( the beginning of the Archaic or Meso-Indian period ) . The Classic stage spans roughly the 6th to 13th centuries . The Pre-Columbian era ended in 1492 , with the beginning of the transatlantic migrations - the arrival of European settlers during the Age of Discovery and the Early Modern period . Present-day cultural and ethnic patterns reflect interactions between European colonists , indigenous peoples , African slaves and their descendants . Owing to Europe 's colonization of the Americas , most North Americans speak European languages such as English , Spanish or French , and their states ' cultures commonly reflect Western traditions ."}]}, {'value': 'Benedict Allen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Benedict_Allen', 'summary': 'Benedict Colin Allen FRGS ( born 1 March 1960 ) is an English writer , traveller and adventurer known for his technique of immersion among indigenous peoples from whom he acquires survival skills for hazardous journeys through unfamiliar terrain . In 2010 , Allen was elected a Trustee of the Royal Geographical Society . He has recorded six TV series for the BBC , either alone or with partial or total use of camera crews , and pioneered the use of the head-held camera for TV , for the first time allowing viewers to witness immersion of a traveller in remote environments without the artifice brought about by a camera-crew . He has published ten books , including the Faber Book of Exploration , which he edited . On 15 November 2017 , Allen was reported missing while undertaking an expedition in Papua New Guinea . However , he resurfaced on 16 November 2017 , near an airstrip .'}]}, {'value': 'English', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/English_people', 'summary': 'The English people are a nation and an ethnic group native to England who speak the English language . The English identity is of early medieval origin , when they were known in Old English as the Angelcynn ( family of the Angles ) . Their ethnonym is derived from the Angles , one of the Germanic peoples who migrated to Great Britain around the 5th century AD . England is the largest and most populous country of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , and the majority of people living there are British citizens . The English largely descend from two main historical population groups - the earlier Celtic Britons ( or Brythons ) and the Germanic tribes who settled in Britain following the withdrawal of the Romans : the Angles , Saxons , Jutes and Frisians . Collectively known as the Anglo-Saxons , they founded what was to become the Kingdom of England ( from the Old English Englaland ) by the early 10th century , in response to the invasion and minor settlement of Danes beginning in the late 9th century . This was followed by the Norman Conquest and limited settlement of Anglo-Normans in England in the latter 11th century . In the Acts of Union 1707 , the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland merged to become the Kingdom of Great Britain . Over the years , English customs and identity have become fairly closely aligned with British customs and identity in general . The English people are the source of the English language , the Westminster system , the common law system and numerous major sports such as cricket , football , rugby union , rugby league and tennis . These and other English cultural characteristics have spread worldwide , in part as a result of the former British Empire .'}]}, {'value': '20th/21st', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'various', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diego de Almagro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diego_de_Almagro', 'summary': 'Diego de Almagro ( Spanish : [ ˈdjeɣo ðe alˈmaɣɾo ] ; c. 1475 - July 8 , 1538 ) , also known as El Adelantado and El Viejo , was a Spanish conquistador known for his exploits in western South America . He participated with Francisco Pizarro in the Spanish conquest of Peru . From Peru Almagro led an expedition that made him the second European to set foot in central Chile ( after Gonzalo Calvo de Barrientos ) . Back in Peru a longstanding conflict with Pizarro over the control of the former Inca capital of Cuzco erupted into a civil war between the two bands of conquistadores . In the battle of Las Salinas in 1538 Almagro was defeated by the Pizarro brothers and months later he was executed .'}]}, {'value': 'Spanish', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spanish_people', 'summary': "Spaniards , [ a ] or Spanish people , are a Romance ethnic group and nation native to Spain . Within Spain , there are a number of National and regional ethnic identities that reflect the country 's complex history and diverse cultures , including a number of different languages , among which Spanish is the majority language and the only one that is official throughout the whole country . Commonly spoken regional languages include , most notably , Basque ( a Paleohispanic language ) , Catalan and Galician ( the latter two are both Romance languages like Spanish ) . Many populations outside Spain have ancestors who emigrated from Spain and share elements of a Hispanic culture . The most notable of these comprise Hispanic America in the Western Hemisphere . The Roman Republic conquered Iberia during the 2nd and 1st centuries BC . As a result of Roman colonization , the majority of local languages , with the exception of Basque , stem from the Vulgar Latin . The Germanic Vandals and Suebi , with part of the Iranian Alans under King Respendial , conquered the peninsula in 409 AD . They were followed by the Visigoths , who founded the Visigothic Kingdom . In 711 the Iberian Peninsula was conquered and brought under the rule of the Arab Umayyads . In the 11th and 12th centuries the Muslim Almohads and the Almoravids established Berber North African dynasties extending to this area . In the Middle Ages several Romance languages developed in the peninsula ; Spanish would eventually become the main language in most of Spain ."}]}, {'value': '16th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Peru , Chile', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peru', 'summary': 'Peru ( /pəˈruː/ ( listen ) ; Spanish : Perú [ peˈɾu ] ; Quechua : Piruw Republika [ pʰɪɾʊw ] ; Aymara : Piruw Suyu [ pɪɾʊw ] ) , officially the Republic of Peru ( Spanish : República del Perú ( help·info ) ) , is a country in western South America . It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia , in the east by Brazil , in the southeast by Bolivia , in the south by Chile , and in the west by the Pacific Ocean . Peru is a megadiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains vertically extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon river . At 1.28 million km2 ( 0.5 million mi2 ) , Peru is the 19th largest country in the world , and the third largest in South America . Peruvian territory was home to several ancient cultures . Ranging from the Norte Chico civilization starting in 3500 BC , the oldest civilization in the Americas and one of the five cradles of civilization , to the Inca Empire , the largest state in pre-Columbian America , the territory now including Peru has one of the longest histories of civilization of any country , tracing its heritage back to the 4th millennia BCE . The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and established a viceroyalty that encompassed most of its South American colonies , with its capital in Lima . Peru formally proclaimed independence in 1821 , and following the military campaigns of José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar , and the decisive battle of Ayacucho , Peru completed its independence in 1824 . In the ensuing years , the country enjoyed relative economic and political stability , which ended shortly before the War of the Pacific with Chile . Throughout the 20th century , Peru endured armed territorial disputes , coups , social unrest , and internal conflicts , as well as periods of stability and economic upswing . Alberto Fujimori was elected to the presidency in 1990 ; his government was credited with economically stabilizing Peru and successfully ending the Shining Path insurgency , though he was widely accused of human rights violations and suppression of political dissent . Fujimori left the presidency in 2000 and was charged with human rights violations and imprisoned until his pardon by President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski in 2017 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Chile', 'summary': 'Chile ( /ˈtʃɪli/ ( listen ) , /ˈtʃɪleɪ/ ; Spanish : [ ˈtʃile ] ) , [ nb 2 ] officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish : República de Chile ( help·info ) ) , is a South American country occupying a long , narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west . It borders Peru to the north , Bolivia to the northeast , Argentina to the east , and the Drake Passage in the far south . Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández , Salas y Gómez , Desventuradas , and Easter Island in Oceania . Chile also claims about 1,250,000 square kilometres ( 480,000 sq mi ) of Antarctica under the Chilean Antarctic Territory . [ nb 3 ] , The arid Atacama Desert in northern Chile contains great mineral wealth , principally copper and lithium . The relatively small central area dominates in terms of population and agricultural resources , and is the cultural and political center from which Chile expanded in the late 19th century when it incorporated its northern and southern regions . Southern Chile is rich in forests and grazing lands , and features a string of volcanoes and lakes . The southern coast is a labyrinth of fjords , inlets , canals , twisting peninsulas , and islands . Spain conquered and colonized the region in the mid-16th century , replacing Inca rule in the north and centre , but failing to conquer the independent Mapuche who inhabited what is now south-central Chile . After declaring its independence from Spain in 1818 , Chile emerged in the 1830s as a relatively stable authoritarian republic . In the 19th century , Chile saw significant economic and territorial growth , ending Mapuche resistance in the 1880s and gaining its current northern territory in the War of the Pacific ( 1879-83 ) after defeating Peru and Bolivia . In the 1960s and 1970s , the country experienced severe left-right political polarization and turmoil .'}]}, {'value': 'László Almásy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/László_Almásy', 'summary': "László Ede Almásy de Zsadány et Törökszentmiklós ( Hungarian : Almásy László Ede ; pronounced [ ˈɒlmaːsi ˈlaːsloː ˈɛdɛ ] ; 22 August/3 November 1895 - 22 March 1951 ) was a Hungarian aristocrat , motorist , desert explorer , aviator , Scout-leader and sportsman who also served as the basis for the protagonist in both Michael Ondaatje 's novel The English Patient ( 1992 ) and the movie adaptation of the same name ( 1996 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Hungarian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hungarian_people', 'summary': "Hungarians , also known as Magyars ( Hungarian : magyarok ) , are a nation and ethnic group native to Hungary ( Hungarian : Magyarország ) and historical Hungarian lands who share a common ancestry , culture , history and language . Hungarian belongs to the Uralic language family . There are an estimated 14.2-14.5 million ethnic Hungarians and their descendants worldwide , of whom 9.6 million live in today 's Hungary ( as of 2016 ) . About 2.2 million Hungarians live in areas that were part of the Kingdom of Hungary before the Treaty of Trianon and are now parts of Hungary 's seven neighbouring countries , Slovakia , Ukraine , Romania , Serbia , Croatia , Slovenia and Austria . Significant groups of people with Hungarian ancestry live in various other parts of the world , most of them in the United States , Canada , Germany , France , the United Kingdom , Brazil , Australia , and Argentina . Hungarians can be classified into several subgroups according to local linguistic and cultural characteristics ; subgroups with distinct identities include the Székelys , the Csángós , the Palóc , the Matyó and the Jász people , the last being considered to be an originally Iranic ethnic group being closely related to the Ossetians than to other Hungarians ."}]}, {'value': '19th/20th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Africa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Africa', 'summary': "Africa is the world 's second-largest and second-most populous continent , after Asia . At about 30.3 million km2 ( 11.7 million square miles ) including adjacent islands , it covers 6% of Earth 's total surface area and 20% of its land area . With 1.3 billion people as of 2018 , it accounts for about 16% of the world 's human population . The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north , the Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea to the northeast , the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west . The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos . It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states ( countries ) , four territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition . The majority of the continent and its countries are in the Northern Hemisphere , with a substantial portion and number of countries in the Southern Hemisphere . Africa 's average population is the youngest amongst all the continents ; the median age in 2012 was 19.7 , when the worldwide median age was 30.4 . Algeria is Africa 's largest country by area , and Nigeria is its largest by population . Africa , particularly central Eastern Africa , is widely accepted as the place of origin of humans and the Hominidae clade ( great apes ) , as evidenced by the discovery of the earliest hominids and their ancestors as well as later ones that have been dated to around 7 million years ago , including Sahelanthropus tchadensis , Australopithecus africanus , A. afarensis , Homo erectus , H. habilis and H. ergaster - the earliest Homo sapiens ( modern human ) , found in Ethiopia , date to circa 200,000 years ago . Africa straddles the equator and encompasses numerous climate areas ; it is the only continent to stretch from the northern temperate to southern temperate zones . Africa hosts a large diversity of ethnicities , cultures and languages ."}]}, {'value': 'Francisco de Almeida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Francisco_de_Almeida', 'summary': 'Dom Francisco de Almeida ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ fɾɐ̃ˈsiʃku dɨ aɫˈmɐjðɐ ] ) , also known as the Great Dom Francisco ( c. 1450-1 March 1510 ) , was a Portuguese nobleman , soldier and explorer . He distinguished himself as a counsellor to King John II of Portugal and later in the wars against the Moors and in the conquest of Granada in 1492 . In 1505 he was appointed as the first governor and viceroy of the Portuguese State of India ( Estado da Índia ) . Almeida is credited with establishing Portuguese hegemony in the Indian Ocean , with his victory at the naval Battle of Diu in 1509 . Before Almeida could return to Portugal , he lost his life in a conflict with indigenous people at the Cape of Good Hope in 1510 . His only son Lourenço de Almeida was previously killed in the Battle of Chaul .'}]}, {'value': 'Portuguese', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portuguese_people', 'summary': "Portuguese people are a Romance ethnic group indigenous to Portugal who share a common Portuguese culture , ancestry and language . Their predominant religion is Christianity , mainly Roman Catholicism , though large segments of the population , especially the younger generations , have no religious affiliation . The Portuguese people 's heritage largely derives from the pre-Celts ( Lusitanians , Conii ) and Celts ( Gallaecians , Turduli and Celtici ) , who were Romanized after the conquest of the region by the ancient Romans . A number of Portuguese can also trace minor descent from Germanic tribes who arrived after the Roman period as ruling elites , namely the Suebi , Vandals and Visigoths , who ruled for circa three hundred years . Finally , the Moorish occupation left a genetic contribution in the Iberian Peninsula , especially in western and southern regions . The Roman Republic conquered the Iberian Peninsula during the 2nd and 1st centuries B.C . from the extensive maritime empire of Carthage during the series of Punic Wars . As a result of Roman colonization , the Portuguese language stems primarily from Vulgar Latin . Due to the large historical extent from the 16th century of the Portuguese Empire and the subsequent colonization of territories in Asia , Africa and the Americas , as well as historical and recent emigration , Portuguese communities can be found in many diverse regions around the globe , and a large Portuguese diaspora exists . Portuguese people began an Age of Exploration which started in 1415 with the conquest of Ceuta and culminated in an empire with territories that are now part of over 50 countries . The Portuguese Empire lasted nearly 600 years , seeing its end when Macau was returned to China in 1999 . The discovery of several lands unknown to Europeans in the Americas , Africa , Asia and Oceania ( southwest Pacific Ocean ) , forged the Portuguese Empire described as the first global empire in history , also paving the way for the domination of Western civilisation by other neighbouring European nations ."}]}, {'value': '16th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/India', 'summary': 'India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .'}]}, {'value': 'Lourenço de Almeida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lourenço_de_Almeida', 'summary': 'Lourenço de Almeida ( c.1480 - March 1508 ) was a Portuguese explorer and military commander . He was born in Martim , Kingdom of Portugal , the son of Francisco de Almeida , first viceroy of Portuguese India . Acting under his father , Lourenço distinguished himself in the Indian Ocean , and made Ceylon ( present Sri Lanka ) tributary to Portugal ( see Portuguese Ceylon ) . He belonged to the Order of Christ . He made the first Portuguese voyage to Ceylon in 1505 and established a settlement there , thus permitting the expansion of the Portuguese Empire in Asia . He defeated the fleet of the Zamorin at the Battle of Cannanore in 1506 . Two years later however , he died in a naval action off Chaul , in India , at the Battle of Chaul .'}]}, {'value': 'Portuguese', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portuguese_people', 'summary': "Portuguese people are a Romance ethnic group indigenous to Portugal who share a common Portuguese culture , ancestry and language . Their predominant religion is Christianity , mainly Roman Catholicism , though large segments of the population , especially the younger generations , have no religious affiliation . The Portuguese people 's heritage largely derives from the pre-Celts ( Lusitanians , Conii ) and Celts ( Gallaecians , Turduli and Celtici ) , who were Romanized after the conquest of the region by the ancient Romans . A number of Portuguese can also trace minor descent from Germanic tribes who arrived after the Roman period as ruling elites , namely the Suebi , Vandals and Visigoths , who ruled for circa three hundred years . Finally , the Moorish occupation left a genetic contribution in the Iberian Peninsula , especially in western and southern regions . The Roman Republic conquered the Iberian Peninsula during the 2nd and 1st centuries B.C . from the extensive maritime empire of Carthage during the series of Punic Wars . As a result of Roman colonization , the Portuguese language stems primarily from Vulgar Latin . Due to the large historical extent from the 16th century of the Portuguese Empire and the subsequent colonization of territories in Asia , Africa and the Americas , as well as historical and recent emigration , Portuguese communities can be found in many diverse regions around the globe , and a large Portuguese diaspora exists . Portuguese people began an Age of Exploration which started in 1415 with the conquest of Ceuta and culminated in an empire with territories that are now part of over 50 countries . The Portuguese Empire lasted nearly 600 years , seeing its end when Macau was returned to China in 1999 . The discovery of several lands unknown to Europeans in the Americas , Africa , Asia and Oceania ( southwest Pacific Ocean ) , forged the Portuguese Empire described as the first global empire in history , also paving the way for the domination of Western civilisation by other neighbouring European nations ."}]}, {'value': '16th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sri Lanka , India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sri_Lanka', 'summary': "Sri Lanka ( UK : /sri ˈlæŋkə , ʃriː -/ , US : /- ˈlɑːŋkə/ ( listen ) ; Sinhala : ශ්\u200dරී ලංකා Śrī Laṃkā ; Tamil : இலங்கை Ilaṅkai ) , officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka , is an island country in South Asia , located in the Indian Ocean to the southwest of the Bay of Bengal and to the southeast of the Arabian Sea . The island is geographically separated from the Indian subcontinent by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait . The legislative capital , Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte , is a suburb of the commercial capital and largest city , Colombo . Sri Lanka 's documented history spans 3,000 years , with evidence of pre-historic human settlements dating back to at least 125,000 years . It has a rich cultural heritage , and the first known Buddhist writings of Sri Lanka , the Pāli Canon , date back to the Fourth Buddhist council in 29 BC . Its geographic location and deep harbours made it of great strategic importance from the time of the ancient Silk Road through to the modern Maritime Silk Road . Sri Lanka was known in the west and from the beginning of British colonial rule as Ceylon ( /sɪˈlɒn/ , US also /seɪˈlɒn/ ) . A nationalist political movement arose in the country in the early 20th century to obtain political independence , which was granted in 1948 ; the country became a republic and adopted its current name in 1972 . Sri Lanka 's recent history has been marred by a 26-year civil war , which ended decisively when the Sri Lanka Armed Forces defeated the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam ( LTTE ) in 2009 . The current constitution stipulates the political system as a republic and a unitary state governed by a semi-presidential system . It has had a long history of international engagement , as a founding member of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation ( SAARC ) , and a member of the United Nations , the Commonwealth of Nations , the G77 , and the Non-Aligned Movement . Along with the Maldives , Sri Lanka is one of only two South Asian countries rated high on the Human Development Index ( HDI ) , with its HDI rating and per capita income the highest among South Asian nations ."}, {'url': '/wiki/India', 'summary': 'India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .'}]}, {'value': 'Pedro de Alvarado', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pedro_de_Alvarado', 'summary': "Pedro de Alvarado y Contreras ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈpeðɾo ðe alβaˈɾaðo ] ; Badajoz , Extremadura , Spain , ca . 1485 - Guadalajara , New Spain , 4 July 1541 ) was a Spanish conquistador and governor of Guatemala . He participated in the conquest of Cuba , in Juan de Grijalva 's exploration of the coasts of the Yucatán Peninsula and the Gulf of Mexico , and in the conquest of Mexico led by Hernán Cortés . He is considered the conquistador of much of Central America , including Guatemala , Honduras and El Salvador . Although renowned for his skill as a soldier , Alvarado is known also for the cruelty of his treatment of native populations , and mass murders committed in the subjugation of the native peoples of Mexico . Indigenous people , both Nahuatl-speakers and speakers of other languages , referred to him using the name of the sun-god Tōnatiuh ."}]}, {'value': 'Spanish', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spaniards', 'summary': "Spaniards , [ a ] or Spanish people , are a Romance ethnic group and nation native to Spain . Within Spain , there are a number of National and regional ethnic identities that reflect the country 's complex history and diverse cultures , including a number of different languages , among which Spanish is the majority language and the only one that is official throughout the whole country . Commonly spoken regional languages include , most notably , Basque ( a Paleohispanic language ) , Catalan and Galician ( the latter two are both Romance languages like Spanish ) . Many populations outside Spain have ancestors who emigrated from Spain and share elements of a Hispanic culture . The most notable of these comprise Hispanic America in the Western Hemisphere . The Roman Republic conquered Iberia during the 2nd and 1st centuries BC . As a result of Roman colonization , the majority of local languages , with the exception of Basque , stem from the Vulgar Latin . The Germanic Vandals and Suebi , with part of the Iranian Alans under King Respendial , conquered the peninsula in 409 AD . They were followed by the Visigoths , who founded the Visigothic Kingdom . In 711 the Iberian Peninsula was conquered and brought under the rule of the Arab Umayyads . In the 11th and 12th centuries the Muslim Almohads and the Almoravids established Berber North African dynasties extending to this area . In the Middle Ages several Romance languages developed in the peninsula ; Spanish would eventually become the main language in most of Spain ."}]}, {'value': '16th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mexico , Guatemala , Honduras', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mexico', 'summary': 'Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Guatemala', 'summary': 'Guatemala ( /ˌɡwɑːtəˈmɑːlə/ ( listen ) GWAH-tə-MAH-lə ; Spanish : [ gwateˈmala ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Guatemala ( Spanish : República de Guatemala ) , is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west , Belize and the Caribbean to the northeast , Honduras to the east , El Salvador to the southeast and the Pacific Ocean to the south . With an estimated population of around 17.2 million , it is the most populous country in Central America . Guatemala is a representative democracy ; its capital and largest city is Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción , also known as Guatemala City . The territory of modern Guatemala once formed the core of the Maya civilization , which extended across Mesoamerica . Most of the country was conquered by the Spanish in the 16th century , becoming part of the viceroyalty of New Spain . Guatemala attained independence in 1821 as part of the Federal Republic of Central America , which dissolved by 1841 . From the mid- to late-19th century , Guatemala experienced chronic instability and civil strife . Beginning in the early 20th century , it was ruled by a series of dictators backed by the United Fruit Company and the United States government . In 1944 , the authoritarian leader Jorge Ubico was overthrown by a pro-democratic military coup , initiating a decade-long revolution that led to sweeping social and economic reforms . A U.S.-backed military coup in 1954 ended the revolution and installed a dictatorship . From 1960 to 1996 , Guatemala endured a bloody civil war fought between the US-backed government and leftist rebels , including genocidal massacres of the Maya population perpetrated by the military . Since a United Nations-negotiated peace accord , Guatemala has witnessed both economic growth and successful democratic elections , though it continues to struggle with high rates of poverty , crime , drug trade , and instability .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Honduras', 'summary': "Honduras ( /hɒnˈdjʊərəs , -ˈdʊər-/ ( listen ) , /-æs/ ; Spanish : [ onˈduɾas ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Honduras ( Spanish : República de Honduras ) , is a country in Central America . The republic of Honduras is bordered to the west by Guatemala , to the southwest by El Salvador , to the southeast by Nicaragua , to the south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca , and to the north by the Gulf of Honduras , a large inlet of the Caribbean Sea . Honduras was home to several important Mesoamerican cultures , most notably the Maya , before the Spanish Colonization in the sixteenth century . The Spanish introduced Roman Catholicism and the now predominant Spanish language , along with numerous customs that have blended with the indigenous culture . Honduras became independent in 1821 and has since been a republic , although it has consistently endured much social strife and political instability , and remains one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere . In 1960 , the northern part of what was the Mosquito Coast was transferred from Nicaragua to Honduras by the International Court of Justice . The nation 's economy is primarily agricultural , making it especially vulnerable to natural disasters such as Hurricane Mitch in 1998 . The lower class is primarily agriculturally based while wealth is concentrated in the country 's urban centers . Honduras has a Human Development Index of 0.625 , classifying it as a nation with medium development . When the Index is adjusted for income inequality , its Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index is 0.443 . Honduran society is predominantly Mestizo ; however , American Indian , black and white individuals also live in Honduras ( 2017 ) . The nation had a relatively high political stability until its 2009 coup and again with the 2017 presidential election ."}]}, {'value': 'Francisco Álvares', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Francisco_Álvares', 'summary': 'Francisco Álvares ( c. 1465 in Coimbra - 1536~1541 , Rome ) was a Portuguese missionary and explorer . In 1515 he traveled to Ethiopia as part of the Portuguese embassy to emperor Lebna Dengel accompanied by returning Ethiopian ambassador Matheus . The embassy arrived only in 1520 to Ethiopia where he joined long sought Portuguese envoy Pêro da Covilhã . There he remained six years , returning to Lisbon in 1526-27 having written a report entitled Verdadeira Informação das Terras do Preste João das Indias ( A True Relation of the Lands of Prester John of the Indies ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Portuguese', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portuguese_people', 'summary': "Portuguese people are a Romance ethnic group indigenous to Portugal who share a common Portuguese culture , ancestry and language . Their predominant religion is Christianity , mainly Roman Catholicism , though large segments of the population , especially the younger generations , have no religious affiliation . The Portuguese people 's heritage largely derives from the pre-Celts ( Lusitanians , Conii ) and Celts ( Gallaecians , Turduli and Celtici ) , who were Romanized after the conquest of the region by the ancient Romans . A number of Portuguese can also trace minor descent from Germanic tribes who arrived after the Roman period as ruling elites , namely the Suebi , Vandals and Visigoths , who ruled for circa three hundred years . Finally , the Moorish occupation left a genetic contribution in the Iberian Peninsula , especially in western and southern regions . The Roman Republic conquered the Iberian Peninsula during the 2nd and 1st centuries B.C . from the extensive maritime empire of Carthage during the series of Punic Wars . As a result of Roman colonization , the Portuguese language stems primarily from Vulgar Latin . Due to the large historical extent from the 16th century of the Portuguese Empire and the subsequent colonization of territories in Asia , Africa and the Americas , as well as historical and recent emigration , Portuguese communities can be found in many diverse regions around the globe , and a large Portuguese diaspora exists . Portuguese people began an Age of Exploration which started in 1415 with the conquest of Ceuta and culminated in an empire with territories that are now part of over 50 countries . The Portuguese Empire lasted nearly 600 years , seeing its end when Macau was returned to China in 1999 . The discovery of several lands unknown to Europeans in the Americas , Africa , Asia and Oceania ( southwest Pacific Ocean ) , forged the Portuguese Empire described as the first global empire in history , also paving the way for the domination of Western civilisation by other neighbouring European nations ."}]}, {'value': '16th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ethiopia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ethiopia', 'summary': "Ethiopia ( /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/ ; Amharic : ኢትዮጵያ , ʾĪtyōṗṗyā , listen ( help·info ) , Tigrinya : ኢትዮጵያ , Oromo : Itiyoophiyaa , Somali : Itoobiya , Afar : Itiyoophiyaa ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia , is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north , Djibouti to the northeast , Somalia , and the de facto state of Somaliland to the east , Kenya to the south , South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest . With over 109 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent with a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres ( 420,000 sq mi ) . Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa , which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates . Some of the oldest skeletal evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BCE , Ethiopia 's governmental system was a monarchy for most of its history . Oral literature tells that the monarchy was founded by the Solomonic dynasty of the Queen of Sheba , under its first king , Menelik I . In the first centuries , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . During the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , Ethiopia and Liberia were two nations that preserved their sovereignty from long-term colonisation by a European colonial power and many newly-independent nations on the continent subsequently adopted its flag colours . However , the country was later occupied by Italy in 1936 and became Italian Ethiopia ( part of Italian East Africa ) until it was liberated during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'Gonçalo Álvares', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gonçalo_Álvares', 'summary': 'Gonçalo Álvares ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ gõˈsalu ˈaɫvɐɾɨʃ ] , ? ? - 1524 ) was a Portuguese explorer who actively participated in the Age of Discovery , starting from the second voyage of Diogo Cão . In 1497 he commanded the ship São Gabriel in the epic journey of Vasco da Gama to India , and in 1505 , aboard the fleet of Francisco de Almeida - the first Viceroy of Portuguese India - he sailed south in the Atlantic to where water and even wine froze , and discovered an island that was named after him . It was later renamed Gough Island by the British , who took possession in the nineteenth century . Gonçalo Álvares held the office of chief-pilot of the navigation to India and the Ocean Sea until his death in 1524 .'}]}, {'value': 'Portuguese', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portuguese_people', 'summary': "Portuguese people are a Romance ethnic group indigenous to Portugal who share a common Portuguese culture , ancestry and language . Their predominant religion is Christianity , mainly Roman Catholicism , though large segments of the population , especially the younger generations , have no religious affiliation . The Portuguese people 's heritage largely derives from the pre-Celts ( Lusitanians , Conii ) and Celts ( Gallaecians , Turduli and Celtici ) , who were Romanized after the conquest of the region by the ancient Romans . A number of Portuguese can also trace minor descent from Germanic tribes who arrived after the Roman period as ruling elites , namely the Suebi , Vandals and Visigoths , who ruled for circa three hundred years . Finally , the Moorish occupation left a genetic contribution in the Iberian Peninsula , especially in western and southern regions . The Roman Republic conquered the Iberian Peninsula during the 2nd and 1st centuries B.C . from the extensive maritime empire of Carthage during the series of Punic Wars . As a result of Roman colonization , the Portuguese language stems primarily from Vulgar Latin . Due to the large historical extent from the 16th century of the Portuguese Empire and the subsequent colonization of territories in Asia , Africa and the Americas , as well as historical and recent emigration , Portuguese communities can be found in many diverse regions around the globe , and a large Portuguese diaspora exists . Portuguese people began an Age of Exploration which started in 1415 with the conquest of Ceuta and culminated in an empire with territories that are now part of over 50 countries . The Portuguese Empire lasted nearly 600 years , seeing its end when Macau was returned to China in 1999 . The discovery of several lands unknown to Europeans in the Americas , Africa , Asia and Oceania ( southwest Pacific Ocean ) , forged the Portuguese Empire described as the first global empire in history , also paving the way for the domination of Western civilisation by other neighbouring European nations ."}]}, {'value': '15th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gough Island , Namibia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gough_Island', 'summary': 'Gough Island /ɡɒf/ , also known historically as Gonçalo Álvares after the Portuguese explorer , is a rugged volcanic island in the South Atlantic Ocean . It is a dependency of Tristan da Cunha and part of the British overseas territory of Saint Helena , Ascension and Tristan da Cunha . It is about 400 km ( 250 mi ) south-east of the Tristan da Cunha archipelago ( which includes Nightingale Island and Inaccessible Island ) , 2,400 km ( 1,500 mi ) north-east from South Georgia Island , 2,700 km ( 1,700 mi ) west from Cape Town , and over 3,200 km ( 2,000 mi ) from the nearest point of South America . Gough Island is uninhabited except for the personnel of a weather station ( usually six people ) which the South African National Antarctic Programme has maintained , with British permission , continually on the island since 1956 . It is one of the most remote places with a constant human presence . It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Gough and Inaccessible Islands .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Namibia', 'summary': 'Namibia ( /nəˈmɪbiə/ ( listen ) , /næˈ-/ ) , officially the Republic of Namibia , is a country in Southern Africa . Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean ; it shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north , Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east . Although it does not border Zimbabwe , less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River separates the two countries . Namibia gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990 , following the Namibian War of Independence . Its capital and largest city is Windhoek , and it is a member state of the United Nations ( UN ) , the Southern African Development Community ( SADC ) , the African Union ( AU ) , and the Commonwealth of Nations . Namibia , the driest country in Sub-Saharan Africa , was inhabited since early times by the San , Damara and Nama people . Around the 14th century , immigrating Bantu peoples arrived as part of the Bantu expansion . Since then , the Bantu groups , the largest being the Ovambo , have dominated the population of the country ; since the late 19th century , they have constituted a majority . In 1878 , the Cape of Good Hope , then a British colony , annexed the port of Walvis Bay and the offshore Penguin Islands ; these became an integral part of the new Union of South Africa at its creation in 1910 . In 1884 the German Empire established rule over most of the territory , forming a colony known as German South West Africa . It developed farming and infrastructure . Between 1904 and 1908 it perpetrated a genocide against the Herero and Nama people .'}]}, {'value': 'Jorge Álvares', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jorge_Álvares', 'summary': 'Jorge Álvares ( died July 8 , 1521 ) was a Portuguese explorer . He is credited as the first European to have reached China by sea during the Age of Discovery .'}]}, {'value': 'Portuguese', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portuguese_people', 'summary': "Portuguese people are a Romance ethnic group indigenous to Portugal who share a common Portuguese culture , ancestry and language . Their predominant religion is Christianity , mainly Roman Catholicism , though large segments of the population , especially the younger generations , have no religious affiliation . The Portuguese people 's heritage largely derives from the pre-Celts ( Lusitanians , Conii ) and Celts ( Gallaecians , Turduli and Celtici ) , who were Romanized after the conquest of the region by the ancient Romans . A number of Portuguese can also trace minor descent from Germanic tribes who arrived after the Roman period as ruling elites , namely the Suebi , Vandals and Visigoths , who ruled for circa three hundred years . Finally , the Moorish occupation left a genetic contribution in the Iberian Peninsula , especially in western and southern regions . The Roman Republic conquered the Iberian Peninsula during the 2nd and 1st centuries B.C . from the extensive maritime empire of Carthage during the series of Punic Wars . As a result of Roman colonization , the Portuguese language stems primarily from Vulgar Latin . Due to the large historical extent from the 16th century of the Portuguese Empire and the subsequent colonization of territories in Asia , Africa and the Americas , as well as historical and recent emigration , Portuguese communities can be found in many diverse regions around the globe , and a large Portuguese diaspora exists . Portuguese people began an Age of Exploration which started in 1415 with the conquest of Ceuta and culminated in an empire with territories that are now part of over 50 countries . The Portuguese Empire lasted nearly 600 years , seeing its end when Macau was returned to China in 1999 . The discovery of several lands unknown to Europeans in the Americas , Africa , Asia and Oceania ( southwest Pacific Ocean ) , forged the Portuguese Empire described as the first global empire in history , also paving the way for the domination of Western civilisation by other neighbouring European nations ."}]}, {'value': '16th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'Roald Amundsen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roald_Amundsen', 'summary': 'Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen ( UK : /ˈɑːmʊndsən/ , US : /-məns-/ ; [ needs Norwegian IPA ] 16 July 1872 - c. 18 June 1928 ) was a Norwegian explorer of polar regions and a key figure of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration . He led the first expedition to traverse the Northwest Passage by sea , from 1903 to 1906 , and the first expedition to the South Pole in 1911 . He led the first expedition proven to have reached the North Pole in a dirigible in 1926 . He disappeared while taking part in a rescue mission for the airship Italia in 1928 .'}]}, {'value': 'Norwegian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norwegians', 'summary': 'Norwegians ( Norwegian : nordmenn ) are a North Germanic ethnic group native to Norway . They share a common culture and speak the Norwegian language . Norwegian people and their descendants are found in migrant communities worldwide , notably in the United States , Canada , Australia , Argentina , Chile , Uruguay , Brazil , Mexico , New Zealand and South Africa .'}]}, {'value': '20th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Pole , Antarctica , Northwest Passage', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Pole', 'summary': "The South Pole , also known as the Geographic South Pole or Terrestrial South Pole , is one of the two points where Earth 's axis of rotation intersects its surface . It is the southernmost point on the surface of Earth and lies on the opposite side of Earth from the North Pole . Situated on the continent of Antarctica , it is the site of the United States Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station , which was established in 1956 and has been permanently staffed since that year . The Geographic South Pole is distinct from the South Magnetic Pole , the position of which is defined based on Earth 's magnetic field . The South Pole is at the center of the Southern Hemisphere ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Antarctica', 'summary': "Antarctica ( /ænˈtɑːrtɪkə/ or /æntˈɑːrktɪkə/ ( listen ) ) [ note 1 ] is Earth 's southernmost continent . It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere , almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle , and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean . At 14,200,000 square kilometres ( 5,500,000 square miles ) , it is the fifth-largest continent and nearly twice the size of Australia . At 0.00008 people per square kilometre , it is by far the least densely populated continent . About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 km ( 1.2 mi ; 6,200 ft ) in thickness , which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula . Antarctica , on average , is the coldest , driest , and windiest continent , and has the highest average elevation of all the continents . Most of Antarctica is a polar desert , with annual precipitation of 200 mm ( 7.9 in ) along the coast and far less inland ; there has been no rain there for almost 2 million years , yet 80% of the world freshwater reserves are stored there . The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C ( −128.6 °F ) ( or even −94.7 °C ( −135.8 °F ) as measured from space ) , though the average for the third quarter ( the coldest part of the year ) is −63 °C ( −81 °F ) . Anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at research stations scattered across the continent . Organisms native to Antarctica include many types of algae , bacteria , fungi , plants , protista , and certain animals , such as mites , nematodes , penguins , seals and tardigrades . Vegetation , where it occurs , is tundra . Antarctica is noted as the last region on Earth in recorded history to be discovered , unseen until 1820 when the Russian expedition of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev on Vostok and Mirny sighted the Fimbul ice shelf ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Northwest_Passage', 'summary': "The Northwest Passage ( NWP ) is the sea route to the Pacific Ocean through the Arctic Ocean , along the northern coast of North America via waterways through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago . The eastern route along the Arctic coasts of Norway and Siberia is accordingly called the Northeast Passage ( NEP ) . The various islands of the archipelago are separated from one another and from the Canadian mainland by a series of Arctic waterways collectively known as the Northwest Passages or Northwestern Passages . For centuries , European explorers sought a navigable passage as a possible trade route to Asia . An ice-bound northern route was discovered in 1850 by the Irish explorer Robert McClure ; it was through a more southerly opening in an area explored by the Scotsman John Rae in 1854 that Norwegian Roald Amundsen made the first complete passage in 1903-1906 . Until 2009 , the Arctic pack ice prevented regular marine shipping throughout most of the year . Arctic sea ice decline has rendered the waterways more navigable for ice navigation . The contested sovereignty claims over the waters may complicate future shipping through the region : the Canadian government maintains that the Northwestern Passages are part of Canadian Internal Waters , but the United States and various European countries claim that they are an international strait and transit passage , allowing free and unencumbered passage . If , as has been claimed , parts of the eastern end of the Passage are barely 15 metres ( 49 ft ) deep , the route 's viability as a Euro-Asian shipping route is reduced . In 2016 a Chinese shipping line expressed a desire to make regular voyages of cargo ships using the passage to the eastern United States and Europe , after a successful passage by Nordic Orion of 73,500 tonnes deadweight tonnage in September 2013 . [ needs update ] Fully loaded , Nordic Orion sat too deep in the water to sail through the Panama Canal ."}]}, {'value': 'José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/José_Alberto_de_Oliveira_Anchieta', 'summary': "José Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta ( variations José d'Anchieta , José Anchieta , José de Anchieta - b. October 9 , 1832 in Lisbon , Kingdom of Portugal , d. September 14 , 1897 in Caconda , Portuguese Angola ) was a 19th-century Portuguese explorer and naturalist who , between 1866 and 1897 , travelled extensively in Portuguese Angola , Africa , collecting animals and plants . His specimens from Angola and Mozambique were sent out to Portugal , where they were later examined by several zoologists and botanists , chiefly among them J.V . Barboza du Bocage ."}]}, {'value': 'Portuguese', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portuguese_people', 'summary': "Portuguese people are a Romance ethnic group indigenous to Portugal who share a common Portuguese culture , ancestry and language . Their predominant religion is Christianity , mainly Roman Catholicism , though large segments of the population , especially the younger generations , have no religious affiliation . The Portuguese people 's heritage largely derives from the pre-Celts ( Lusitanians , Conii ) and Celts ( Gallaecians , Turduli and Celtici ) , who were Romanized after the conquest of the region by the ancient Romans . A number of Portuguese can also trace minor descent from Germanic tribes who arrived after the Roman period as ruling elites , namely the Suebi , Vandals and Visigoths , who ruled for circa three hundred years . Finally , the Moorish occupation left a genetic contribution in the Iberian Peninsula , especially in western and southern regions . The Roman Republic conquered the Iberian Peninsula during the 2nd and 1st centuries B.C . from the extensive maritime empire of Carthage during the series of Punic Wars . As a result of Roman colonization , the Portuguese language stems primarily from Vulgar Latin . Due to the large historical extent from the 16th century of the Portuguese Empire and the subsequent colonization of territories in Asia , Africa and the Americas , as well as historical and recent emigration , Portuguese communities can be found in many diverse regions around the globe , and a large Portuguese diaspora exists . Portuguese people began an Age of Exploration which started in 1415 with the conquest of Ceuta and culminated in an empire with territories that are now part of over 50 countries . The Portuguese Empire lasted nearly 600 years , seeing its end when Macau was returned to China in 1999 . The discovery of several lands unknown to Europeans in the Americas , Africa , Asia and Oceania ( southwest Pacific Ocean ) , forged the Portuguese Empire described as the first global empire in history , also paving the way for the domination of Western civilisation by other neighbouring European nations ."}]}, {'value': '19th', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gough Island', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gough_Island', 'summary': 'Gough Island /ɡɒf/ , also known historically as Gonçalo Álvares after the Portuguese explorer , is a rugged volcanic island in the South Atlantic Ocean . It is a dependency of Tristan da Cunha and part of the British overseas territory of Saint Helena , Ascension and Tristan da Cunha . It is about 400 km ( 250 mi ) south-east of the Tristan da Cunha archipelago ( which includes Nightingale Island and Inaccessible Island ) , 2,400 km ( 1,500 mi ) north-east from South Georgia Island , 2,700 km ( 1,700 mi ) west from Cape Town , and over 3,200 km ( 2,000 mi ) from the nearest point of South America . Gough Island is uninhabited except for the personnel of a weather station ( usually six people ) which the South African National Antarctic Programme has maintained , with British permission , continually on the island since 1956 . It is one of the most remote places with a constant human presence . It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Gough and Inaccessible Islands .'}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': "Wikimedia list article The following is a list of explorers . Their common names , countries of origin ( modern and former ) , centuries when they were active and main areas of exploration are listed below . Leif Erikson was a famous Norse explorer who is credited for being the first European to set foot on American soil ( c. 1000 ) . Zheng He was a Chinese explorer who sailed along the Southeast Asian , South Asian , Western Asian , and East African coasts along with his fleet of incredibly large ships and several hundred men ( 1405-1433 ) . Diogo Cão is the first European to explore the Congo River and the west coast of Africa , south of the equator ( 1482-1486 ) . Bartolomeu Dias is known as the first European to sail around the southernmost tip of Africa , finding the eastern sea route to the Indian Ocean ( 1488 ) . Christopher Columbus . Famous Italian explorer and possibly the best-known explorer that ever lived . Known for `` discovering '' America ( 1492 ) . John Cabot was an Italian navigator who was the first European that sailed along to North American coast since the Norse 500 years prior ( 1497 ) . Vasco da Gama . Famous Portuguese explorer known for being the first European to sail to India ( 1497-1498 ) . Italian navigator Amerigo Vespucci made several trips to the New World . He is known for convincing the Europeans that the New World is not Asia , but an entirely new unknown continent . This new continent was soon named after him , America ( 1497-1504 ) . Pedro Alvares Cabral discovered the land in what is now Brazil and claimed it for Portugal ( 1500 ) . The great conqueror Afonso de Albuquerque raided , captured , and conquered many coastal cities in Asia for the Portuguese Empire . He is also one of the first Europeans to sail to the East Indies and Spice Islands , along with Francisco Serrão and António de Abreu ( 1503-1515 ) . Juan Ponce de León was the first Governor of Puerto Rico and discovered Florida in 1513 . He is the first known European to set foot on today 's continental United States ( 1508-1513 ) . Vasco Núñez de Balboa is known for having crossed the Isthmus of Panama to the Pacific Ocean , becoming the first European to reach and see the Pacific from the America 's ( 1513 ) . Hernán Cortés . Famous Conquistador who led the Spanish expedition to explore and conquer the Aztec Empire ( 1519-1521 ) . Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan led the first circumnavigation of the globe ( 1519-1521 ) . Juan Sebastián Elcano took command after Ferdinand 's death and completed the voyage , becoming the first person to circumnavigate the earth ( 1521-1522 ) . Jacques Cartier was the first European to travel inland in North America and claimed the lands he explored for France ( 1534 ) . English privateer Francis Drake plundered many Spanish towns and ships in the Caribbean and elsewhere . However , he is most notable for completing the second circumnavigation of the world ( 1577-1580 ) . Samuel de Champlain is known as `` The Father of New France '' . He founded the first permanent European settlements in Canada , and explored many lakes and rivers in the interior lands from early age to his death ( 1603-1635 ) . English explorer Henry Hudson explored what is now New York and northeastern Canada . Today he has both a river and bay named after him ( 1609-1611 ) . Abel Tasman is the first known European to sight the islands of Tasmania , New Zealand , and Fiji ( 1642-1643 ) . James Cook . Famous British explorer who led three voyages to the Pacific . He is known for exploring and charting many islands in the ocean such as Polynesia , New Zealand , The Hawaiian Islands , and the eastern coast of Australia ( 1768-1779 ) . Roald Amundsen was an explorer of the polar regions . He was the first person to reach the South Pole , and eventually also reached the North Pole by air ( 1910-1926 ) .", 'uid': 'List_of_explorers_0', 'intro': 'The following is a list of explorers. Their common names, countries of origin (modern and former), centuries when they were active and main areas of exploration are listed below.'}
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The explorer who visited the country bordered to the west by Guatemala was called by the name of which god by the indigenous people he met ?
Tōnatiuh
0490dc65b2b18eed
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_United_States_Congress', 'title': '19th United States Congress', 'header': ['State ( class )', 'Vacator', 'Reason for change', 'Successor', "Date of successor 's formal installation"], 'data': [{'value': 'New Hampshire ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_New_Hampshire', 'summary': "New Hampshire 's current senators are Democrats Jeanne Shaheen and Maggie Hassan . Senator Shaheen is currently serving her second term , and Senator Hassan is currently serving her first term in the United States Senate ."}]}, {'value': 'Vacant', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seat remained vacant', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Levi Woodbury ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Levi_Woodbury', 'summary': "Levi Woodbury ( December 22 , 1789 - September 4 , 1851 ) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States , a U.S . Senator , the 9th Governor of New Hampshire , and cabinet member in three administrations . Born in Francestown , New Hampshire , he established a legal practice in Francestown in 1812 . After serving in the New Hampshire Senate , he was appointed to the New Hampshire Supreme Court in 1817 . He served as Governor of New Hampshire from 1823 to 1824 and represented New Hampshire in the Senate from 1825 to 1831 , becoming affiliated with the Democratic Party of Andrew Jackson . He served as the United States Secretary of the Navy under President Jackson and as the United States Secretary of the Treasury under Jackson and President Martin Van Buren . He served another term representing New Hampshire in the Senate from 1841 to 1845 , when he accepted President James K. Polk 's appointment to the Supreme Court . Woodbury was the first Justice to have attended law school . [ a ] He received significant support for the presidential nomination at the 1848 Democratic National Convention , particularly among New England delegates , but the nomination went to Lewis Cass of Michigan . Woodbury served on the court until his death in 1851 ."}]}, {'value': 'Installed March 16 , 1825', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Connecticut ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Connecticut', 'summary': 'This is a chronological listing of the United States senators from Connecticut . United States senators are popularly elected , for a six-year term , beginning January 3 . Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1 . Before 1914 , they were chosen by the Connecticut General Assembly , and before 1935 , their terms began March 4 . Its current U.S. senators are Democrats Richard Blumenthal ( serving since 2011 ) and Chris Murphy ( serving since 2013 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Vacant', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seat remained vacant', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Calvin Willey ( A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calvin_Willey', 'summary': 'Calvin Willey ( September 15 , 1776 - August 23 , 1858 ) was an American politician from Connecticut who served in the United States Senate .'}]}, {'value': 'Installed May 4 , 1825', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New York ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_New_York', 'summary': "Below is a list of U.S. senators who have represented the State of New York in the United States Senate since 1789 . The date of the start of the tenure is either the first day of the legislative term ( Senators who were elected regularly before the term began ) , or the day when they took the seat ( U.S. senators who were elected in special elections to fill vacancies , or after the term began ) . New York 's current U.S. senators are Democrats Chuck Schumer ( serving since 1999 , also serving as Senate Minority Leader since 2017 ) and Kirsten Gillibrand ( serving since 2009 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Vacant', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Seat remained vacant', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nathan Sanford ( A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nathan_Sanford', 'summary': 'Nathan Sanford ( November 5 , 1777 - October 17 , 1838 ) was an American politician .'}]}, {'value': 'Installed January 14 , 1826 , after resigning as Chancellor of New York', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chancellor_of_New_York', 'summary': 'The New York Court of Chancery was the highest court in the State of New York from 1701 to 1847 .'}]}, {'value': 'Virginia ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Virginia', 'summary': "Virginia has sent senators to the U.S. Senate since 1789 . Its Senate seats were declared vacant in March 1861 , due to its secession from the Union , but Senators representing its western counties continued to sit until March 1863 . Virginia 's Senate seats were again filled from January 1870 . Virginia 's current Senators are Democrats Mark Warner and Tim Kaine ."}]}, {'value': 'James Barbour ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Barbour', 'summary': "James Barbour ( June 10 , 1775 - June 7 , 1842 ) was an American lawyer , politician and planter . He served as a delegate from Orange County , Virginia in the Virginia General Assembly , and as speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates . He was the 18th Governor of Virginia and the first Governor to reside in the current Virginia Governor 's Mansion . After the War of 1812 , Barbour became a U.S . Senator ( from 1814-1825 ) and the United States Secretary of War ( 1825-1828 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Resigned March 7 , 1825 , after being appointed US Secretary of War', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US_Secretary_of_War', 'summary': "The secretary of war was a member of the United States president 's Cabinet , beginning with George Washington 's administration . A similar position , called either Secretary at War or Secretary of War , had been appointed to serve the Congress of the Confederation under the Articles of Confederation between 1781 and 1789 . Benjamin Lincoln and later Henry Knox held the position . When Washington was inaugurated as the first president under the Constitution , he appointed Knox to continue serving as Secretary of War . The secretary of war was the head of the War Department . At first , he was responsible for all military affairs , including naval affairs . In 1798 , the secretary of the Navy was created by statute , and the scope of responsibility for this office was reduced to the affairs of the United States Army . From 1886 onward , the secretary of war was in the line of succession to the presidency , after the vice president of the United States , the speaker of the House of Representatives , the president pro tem of the Senate and the secretary of state . In 1947 , with the passing of the National Security Act of 1947 , the secretary of war was replaced by the secretary of the Army and the secretary of the Air Force , which , along with the secretary of the Navy , have since 1949 been non-Cabinet subordinates under the secretary of defense . The secretary of the Army 's office is generally considered the direct successor to the secretary of war 's office although the secretary of defense took the secretary of war 's position in the Cabinet , and the line of succession to the presidency ."}]}, {'value': 'John Randolph ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Randolph_of_Roanoke', 'summary': "John Randolph ( June 2 , 1773 - May 24 , 1833 ) , known as John Randolph of Roanoke , [ note 1 ] was a planter and a Congressman from Virginia , serving in the House of Representatives at various times between 1799 and 1833 , and the Senate from 1825 to 1827 . He was also Minister to Russia under Andrew Jackson in 1830 . After serving as President Thomas Jefferson 's spokesman in the House , he broke with the president in 1805 as a result of what he saw as the dilution of traditional Jeffersonian principles as well as perceived mistreatment during the impeachment of Samuel Chase , in which Randolph served as chief prosecutor . Following this split , Randolph proclaimed himself the leader of the Old Republicans or Tertium Quids , a wing of the Democratic-Republican Party who wanted to restrict the role of the federal government . Specifically , Randolph promoted the Principles of '98 , which said that individual states could judge the constitutionality of central government laws and decrees , and could refuse to enforce laws deemed unconstitutional . A quick-thinking orator with a remarkable wit , he was committed to republicanism and advocated a commercial agrarian society throughout his three decades in Congress . Randolph 's conservative stance , displayed in his arguments against debt and for the rights of the landed gentry , have been attributed to his ties to his family estate and the elitist values of his native Southside Virginia [ citation needed ] . His belief in the importance of a landed gentry led him to oppose the abolition of entail and primogeniture : The old families of Virginia will form connections with low people , and sink into the mass of overseers ' sons and daughters . Randolph vehemently opposed the War of 1812 and the Missouri Compromise of 1820 ; he was active in debates about tariffs , manufacturing , and currency . With mixed feelings about slavery , he was one of the founders of the American Colonization Society in 1816 , to send free blacks to a colony in Africa . At the same time , he believed that slavery was a necessity in Virginia , saying , The question of slavery , as it is called , is to us a question of life and death . You will find no instance in history where two distinct races have occupied the soil except in the relation of master and slave ."}]}, {'value': 'Appointed December 26 , 1825', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mississippi ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Mississippi', 'summary': 'Mississippi was admitted to the Union on December 10 , 1817 , and elects senators to Class 1 and Class 2 . Its current senators are Republicans Cindy Hyde-Smith and Roger Wicker . As of April 2 , 2018 , 51 people have served as U.S. senators from Mississippi .'}]}, {'value': 'David Holmes ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Holmes_(politician)', 'summary': 'David Holmes ( March 10 , 1769 - August 20 , 1832 ) was an American politician . He was a Virginia congressman , and later Mississippi statesman . He was appointed as the fourth and last governor of the Mississippi Territory and became elected as the first governor of the State of Mississippi . He served a term as Senator of Mississippi , and returned to serve part of a term as governor before ill health forced him to resign .'}]}, {'value': 'Resigned September 25 , 1825 , after being elected Governor of Mississippi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Governor_of_Mississippi', 'summary': "The governor of Mississippi is the head of the executive branch of Mississippi 's state government and the commander-in-chief of the state 's military forces . The Governor has a duty to enforce state laws , and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Mississippi Legislature , to convene the legislature at any time , and , except in cases of treason or impeachment , to grant pardons and reprieves . To be elected governor , a person must be at least 30 years old , and must have been a citizen of the United States for twenty years and a resident of Mississippi for at least five years at the time of inauguration . The Constitution of Mississippi , ratified in 1890 , calls for a four-year term for the governor . He or she may be reelected once ( prior to a 1987 amendment to the state Constitution , governors were limited to one term ) . The original Constitution of 1817 had only a two-year term for governor ; this was expanded to four years in the 1868 Constitution . Uniquely among the states , the Mississippi Constitution requires a gubernatorial candidate to win not just a majority of the popular vote but also a majority of state legislative districts in order to be elected - if no candidate gets both majorities , the state House chooses from the highest two popular vote-getters . The lieutenant governor is elected at the same time as the governor and serves as president of the Mississippi Senate . When the office of governor becomes vacant for any reason , the lieutenant governor becomes governor for the remainder of the term . The governor of Mississippi is also appoints the members of the Institutions of Higher Learning Board of Trustees ."}]}, {'value': 'Powhatan Ellis ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powhatan_Ellis', 'summary': 'Powhatan Ellis ( January 17 , 1790 - March 18 , 1863 ) was a United States Senator from Mississippi and a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Mississippi .'}]}, {'value': 'Appointed September 28 , 1825', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tennessee ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Tennessee', 'summary': "Tennessee was admitted to the Union on June 1 , 1796 . Its United States Senate seats were declared vacant in March 1862 owing to its secession from the Union . They were again filled from July 1866 . Tennessee 's current Senators are Republicans Lamar Alexander and Marsha Blackburn ."}]}, {'value': 'Andrew Jackson ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrew_Jackson', 'summary': "Andrew Jackson ( March 15 , 1767 - June 8 , 1845 ) was an American soldier and statesman who served as the seventh president of the United States from 1829 to 1837 . Before being elected to the presidency , Jackson gained fame as a general in the United States Army and served in both houses of the U.S. Congress . As president , Jackson sought to advance the rights of the common man against a corrupt aristocracy and to preserve the Union . Born in the colonial Carolinas to a Scotch-Irish family in the decade before the American Revolutionary War , Jackson became a frontier lawyer and married Rachel Donelson Robards . He served briefly in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate , representing Tennessee . After resigning , he served as a justice on the Tennessee Supreme Court from 1798 until 1804 . Jackson purchased a property later known as The Hermitage , and became a wealthy , slaveowning planter . In 1801 , he was appointed colonel of the Tennessee militia and was elected its commander the following year . He led troops during the Creek War of 1813-1814 , winning the Battle of Horseshoe Bend . The subsequent Treaty of Fort Jackson required the Creek surrender of vast lands in present-day Alabama and Georgia . In the concurrent war against the British , Jackson 's victory in 1815 at the Battle of New Orleans made him a national hero . Jackson then led U.S. forces in the First Seminole War , which led to the annexation of Florida from Spain ."}]}, {'value': 'Resigned October 14 , 1825', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hugh Lawson White ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hugh_Lawson_White', 'summary': "Hugh Lawson White ( October 30 , 1773 - April 10 , 1840 ) was a prominent American politician during the first third of the 19th century . After filling in several posts particularly in Tennessee 's judiciary and state legislature since 1801 , thereunder as a Tennessee Supreme Court justice , he was chosen to succeed former presidential candidate Andrew Jackson in the United States Senate in 1825 and became a member of the new Democratic Party , supporting Jackson 's policies and his future presidential administration . However , he left the Democrats in 1836 and was a Whig candidate in that year 's presidential election . An ardent strict constructionist and lifelong states ' rights advocate , White was one of President Jackson 's most trusted allies in Congress in the late 1820s and early 1830s . :246 White fought against the national bank , tariffs , and the use of federal funds for internal improvements , :31 , 76-77 and led efforts in the Senate to pass the Indian Removal Act of 1830.:153 In 1833 , at the height of the Nullification Crisis , White , as the Senate 's president pro tempore , coordinated negotiations over the Tariff of 1833.:239 Suspicious of the growing power of the presidency , White began to distance himself from Jackson in the mid-1830s , and realigned himself with Henry Clay and the burgeoning Whig Party . :251-2 He was eventually forced out of the Senate when Jackson 's allies , led by James K. Polk , gained control of the Tennessee state legislature and demanded his resignation . :409-410"}]}, {'value': 'Installed October 28 , 1825', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rhode Island ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Rhode_Island', 'summary': "Rhode Island ratified the United States Constitution on May 29 , 1790 and elects its U.S. senators to Class 1 and Class 2 . The state 's current U.S. senators are Democrats Jack Reed ( since 1997 ) and Sheldon Whitehouse ( since 2007 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'James De Wolf ( A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_De_Wolf', 'summary': "James DeWolf ( March 18 , 1764 - December 21 , 1837 ) was a slave trader , a privateer during the War of 1812 , and a state and national politician . He gained notoriety in 1791 when indicted for murdering a slave said to have smallpox , whom he said threatened the lives of all of the other slaves and crew because of the disease . The case was ultimately dismissed and was considered justifiable under contemporary law . During his lifetime , his name was usually written James D'Wolf . He served as a state legislator for a total of nearly 25 years , and in the 1820s as a United States senator from Rhode Island for much of a term . Along with the slave trade , DeWolf invested in sugar and coffee plantations in Cuba and became the wealthiest man in his state ; by the end of his life , he was said to be the second-richest person in the entire United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Resigned October 31 , 1825', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Asher Robbins ( A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Asher_Robbins', 'summary': 'Asher Robbins ( October 26 , 1761 - February 25 , 1845 ) ( also known as Ashur Robbins ) was a United States Senator from Rhode Island .'}]}, {'value': 'Appointed October 31 , 1825', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maryland ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Maryland', 'summary': "This is a list of United States senators from Maryland , which ratified the United States Constitution April 28 , 1788 , becoming the seventh state to do so . To provide for continuity of government , the framers divided Senators into staggered classes that serve six-year terms , and Maryland 's Senators are in the first and third classes . Before the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1913 , which allowed for direct election of Senators , Maryland 's Senators were chosen by the Maryland General Assembly . Until the assembly appointed George L. Wellington of Cumberland in 1897 , Senators in class 3 were chosen from the Eastern Shore while Senators in class 1 were chosen from the remainder of the state ."}]}, {'value': 'Edward Lloyd ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edward_Lloyd_(Governor_of_Maryland)', 'summary': 'Edward Lloyd V ( July 22 , 1779 - June 2 , 1834 ) served as the 13th Governor of Maryland from 1809 to 1811 , and as a United States Senator from Maryland between 1819 and 1826 . He also served as a U.S . Congressman from the seventh district of Maryland from 1807 to 1809 .'}]}, {'value': 'Resigned January 14 , 1826 , after being elected to the Maryland State Senate', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maryland_State_Senate', 'summary': "The Maryland Senate , sometimes referred to as the Maryland State Senate , is the upper house of the General Assembly , the state legislature of the U.S. state of Maryland . Composed of 47 senators elected from an equal number of constituent single-member districts , the Senate is responsible , along with the Maryland House of Delegates , for passage of laws in Maryland , and for confirming executive appointments made by the Governor of Maryland . It evolved from the upper house of the colonial assembly created in 1650 when Maryland was a proprietary colony controlled by Cecilius Calvert . It consisted of the Governor and members of the Governor 's appointed council . With slight variation , the body to meet in that form until 1776 , when Maryland , now a state independent of British rule , passed a new constitution that created an electoral college to appoint members of the Senate . This electoral college was abolished in 1838 and members began to be directly elected from each county and Baltimore City . In 1972 , because of a Supreme Court decision , the number of districts was increased to 47 , and the districts were balanced by population rather than being geographically determined . To serve in the Maryland Senate , a person must be a citizen of Maryland 25 years of age or older . Elections for the 47 Senate seats are held every four years coincident with the federal election in which the President of the United States is not elected . Vacancies are filled through appointment by the Governor . The Senate meets for three months every year ; the rest of the year the work of the Senate is light and most members hold another job during this time . It has been controlled by Democrats for a number of years ."}]}, {'value': 'Ezekiel F. Chambers ( A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ezekiel_F._Chambers', 'summary': "Ezekiel Forman Chambers ( February 28 , 1788 - January 30 , 1867 ) was an American politician . Born in Chestertown , Maryland , Chambers was graduated from Washington College at Chestertown in 1805 . He studied law , was admitted to the bar in 1808 , and commenced practice in Chestertown . Chambers served during the War of 1812 as a captain of militia , commanding a company at the Battle of Caulk 's Field in 1814 . He attained the rank of brigadier general of militia after the war . In 1822 , Chambers served in the Maryland State Senate . Chambers was elected to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Edward Lloyd . He was reelected in 1831 and served from January 24 , 1826 until his own resignation on December 20 , 1834 . In the Senate , Chambers served as chairman of the Committee on the District of Columbia ( Twenty-first through Twenty-third Congresses ) . After his tenure in the Senate , Chambers served as presiding judge of the second judicial circuit of Maryland and judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals from 1834 to 1851 . He was unsuccessful Democratic candidate for Governor of Maryland in 1864 , and died in Chestertown in 1867 . He was interred in Chester Cemetery ."}]}, {'value': 'Elected January 24 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alabama ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Alabama', 'summary': "Alabama was admitted to the Union on December 14 , 1819 . The state elects U.S. senators to Class 2 and Class 3 . Its United States Senate seats were declared vacant from March 1861 to July 1868 due to its secession from the Union during the American Civil War . Alabama 's current U.S. senators are Republican Richard Shelby ( since 1987 ) and Democrat Doug Jones ( since 2018 ) , making it one of nine states to have a split U.S. Senate delegation ."}]}, {'value': 'Henry H. Chambers ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henry_H._Chambers', 'summary': 'Henry Hector Chambers ( October 1 , 1790 - January 24 , 1826 ) was an American politician , who served as the Democratic-Republican U.S. senator from the state of Alabama from March 4 , 1825 until his death . He was replaced by Israel Pickens until a replacement , John McKinley , could be elected .'}]}, {'value': 'Died January 24 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Israel Pickens ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Israel_Pickens', 'summary': 'Israel Pickens ( January 30 , 1780 - April 24 , 1827 ) was an American politician and lawyer , third Governor of the U.S. state of Alabama ( 1821-1825 ) , member of the North Carolina Senate ( 1808-1810 ) , and North Carolina Congressman in the United States House of Representatives ( 1811-1817 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Appointed February 17 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mississippi ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Mississippi', 'summary': 'Mississippi was admitted to the Union on December 10 , 1817 , and elects senators to Class 1 and Class 2 . Its current senators are Republicans Cindy Hyde-Smith and Roger Wicker . As of April 2 , 2018 , 51 people have served as U.S. senators from Mississippi .'}]}, {'value': 'Powhatan Ellis ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powhatan_Ellis', 'summary': 'Powhatan Ellis ( January 17 , 1790 - March 18 , 1863 ) was a United States Senator from Mississippi and a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Mississippi .'}]}, {'value': 'Successor elected January 28 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thomas B. Reed ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Buck_Reed', 'summary': 'Thomas Buck Reed ( May 7 , 1787 - November 26 , 1829 ) was a United States Senator from Mississippi .'}]}, {'value': 'Installed January 28 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Carolina ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_South_Carolina', 'summary': "South Carolina ratified the United States Constitution on May 23 , 1788 . Its Senate seats were declared vacant in July 1861 owing to its secession from the Union . They were again filled from July 1868 . The state 's current U.S. senators are Republicans Lindsey Graham , serving since 2003 , and Tim Scott , serving since 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'John Gaillard ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Gaillard', 'summary': "John Gaillard ( September 5 , 1765 - February 26 , 1826 ) was a U.S . Senator from South Carolina . Gaillard was born in St. Stephen 's district , South Carolina , on September 5 , 1765 . He was of Huguenot descent . He was elected to the United States Senate in place of Pierce Butler , who resigned , and served from December 6 , 1804 until his death in Washington , D.C. on February 26 , 1826 . During his tenure , Gaillard voted for the War of 1812 . He served as President pro tempore of the Senate during part of the 11th Congress and at least part of every Congress from the 13th to the 18th . He was also first in the presidential line of succession from November 25 , 1814 , two days after the death of Vice President Elbridge Gerry , to March 4 , 1817 . In his memoir Thirty Years ' View , Thomas H. Benton , one of Gaillard 's contemporaries , described him thus :"}]}, {'value': 'Died February 26 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'William Harper ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Harper_(South_Carolina)', 'summary': 'William Joseph Harper ( January 17 , 1790 - October 10 , 1847 ) was a jurist , politician , and social and political theorist from South Carolina .'}]}, {'value': 'Appointed March 8 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Delaware ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Delaware', 'summary': "Below is a chronological listing of the United States senators from Delaware . U.S. senators were originally elected by the Delaware General Assembly for designated six-year terms beginning March 4 . Frequently portions of the term would remain only upon a U.S. senator 's death or resignation . From 1914 and the enforcement of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution , adopted in 1913 , officeholders were popularly elected on the first Tuesday after November 1 ; starting 1935 , the beginning of their term is January 3 . Delaware 's current U.S. senators are Democrats Tom Carper ( serving since 2001 ) and Chris Coons ( serving since 2010 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Nicholas Van Dyke ( A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nicholas_Van_Dyke_(senator)', 'summary': 'Nicholas Van Dyke ( December 20 , 1770 - May 21 , 1826 ) was an American lawyer and politician from New Castle , Delaware . He was a member of the Federalist Party , who served in the Delaware General Assembly , as Attorney General of Delaware , as U.S. Representative from Delaware , and as U.S. senator from Delaware .'}]}, {'value': 'Died May 21 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Daniel Rodney ( A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daniel_Rodney', 'summary': 'Daniel Rodney ( September 10 , 1764 - September 2 , 1846 ) was an American merchant and politician from Lewes in Sussex County , Delaware . He was a member of the Federalist Party , and later the National Republican Party , who served as Governor of Delaware , U. S. Representative from Delaware and U.S . Senator from Delaware .'}]}, {'value': 'Appointed November 8 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Massachusetts ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Massachusetts', 'summary': "Below is a chronological listing of the United States senators from Massachusetts . According to the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution adopted in 1913 , U.S. senators are popularly elected for a six-year term . Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1 and terms begin on January 3 , about two months after the vote . Before 1914 and the enforcement of the Seventeenth Amendment , the state 's U.S. senators were chosen by the Massachusetts General Court , and before 1935 , their terms began March 4 . The current senators are Democrats Elizabeth Warren and Ed Markey ."}]}, {'value': 'James Lloyd ( A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Lloyd_(Massachusetts)', 'summary': 'James Lloyd ( December 1769 - April 5 , 1831 ) was a merchant , businessman and Federalist party politician from Massachusetts during the early years of the United States . He twice served as United States Senator , notably succeeding John Quincy Adams after the latter lost the party vote due to his support of the Embargo Act of 1807 .'}]}, {'value': 'Resigned May 23 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nathaniel Silsbee ( A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nathaniel_Silsbee', 'summary': 'Nathaniel Silsbee ( January 14 , 1773 - July 14 , 1850 ) was a ship master , merchant and American politician from Salem , Massachusetts .'}]}, {'value': 'Installed May 31 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Jersey ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_New_Jersey', 'summary': "This is a chronological listing of the United States senators from New Jersey . Since the enforcement of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution , U.S. senators are popularly elected for a six-year term beginning January 3 . Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1 . Before 1914 , they were chosen by the New Jersey Legislature , and before 1935 , their terms began March 4 . The state 's current Senators are Democrats Bob Menendez ( serving since 2006 ) and Cory Booker ( serving since 2013 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Joseph McIlvaine ( A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joseph_McIlvaine', 'summary': 'Joseph McIlvaine ( October 2 , 1769 - August 19 , 1826 ) was a United States Senator from New Jersey from 1823 until his death . He served as the Mayor of Burlington , New Jersey .'}]}, {'value': 'Died August 19 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ephraim Bateman ( A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ephraim_Bateman', 'summary': "Ephraim Bateman ( July 9 , 1780 - January 28 , 1829 ) represented New Jersey in the United States Senate from 1826 to 1829 and in the United States House of Representatives from 1815 to 1823 . Born in Cedarville , New Jersey , an area within Lawrence Township , Cumberland County , New Jersey ; attended the local schools and Nathaniel Ogden 's Latin school ; apprenticed as a tailor in 1796 ; taught in the local school 1799-1801 ; studied medicine with a physician in 1801 and at the University of Pennsylvania in 1802 and 1803 ; practiced in Cedarville Member of the New Jersey General Assembly 1808-1809 , 1811 , and 1813 , serving as speaker in 1813 ; elected to the Fourteenth United States Congress and to the three succeeding Congresses ( March 4 , 1815 - March 3 , 1823 ) . Member , New Jersey Legislative Council 1826 and served as president ; elected to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Joseph McIlvaine and served from November 9 , 1826 to January 12 , 1829 , when he resigned because of failing health . His election to the Senate was contested by several members of the New Jersey Legislature and citizens , citing that Bateman , while presiding over the joint election meeting , cast the deciding vote for himself against Theodore Frelinghuysen . A select committee investigated the issue and declared the election legal . He died in Cedarville , Cumberland County , New Jersey , aged 48 ; interred in the Old Stone Church Cemetery , Fairfield Township , Cumberland County , New Jersey ."}]}, {'value': 'Installed November 10 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alabama ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Alabama', 'summary': "Alabama was admitted to the Union on December 14 , 1819 . The state elects U.S. senators to Class 2 and Class 3 . Its United States Senate seats were declared vacant from March 1861 to July 1868 due to its secession from the Union during the American Civil War . Alabama 's current U.S. senators are Republican Richard Shelby ( since 1987 ) and Democrat Doug Jones ( since 2018 ) , making it one of nine states to have a split U.S. Senate delegation ."}]}, {'value': 'Israel Pickens ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Israel_Pickens', 'summary': 'Israel Pickens ( January 30 , 1780 - April 24 , 1827 ) was an American politician and lawyer , third Governor of the U.S. state of Alabama ( 1821-1825 ) , member of the North Carolina Senate ( 1808-1810 ) , and North Carolina Congressman in the United States House of Representatives ( 1811-1817 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Successor elected November 27 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John McKinley ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_McKinley', 'summary': 'John McKinley ( May 1 , 1780 - July 19 , 1852 ) was a U.S . Senator from the state of Alabama and an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court .'}]}, {'value': 'Installed November 27 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Carolina ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_South_Carolina', 'summary': "South Carolina ratified the United States Constitution on May 23 , 1788 . Its Senate seats were declared vacant in July 1861 owing to its secession from the Union . They were again filled from July 1868 . The state 's current U.S. senators are Republicans Lindsey Graham , serving since 2003 , and Tim Scott , serving since 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'William Harper ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Harper_(South_Carolina)', 'summary': 'William Joseph Harper ( January 17 , 1790 - October 10 , 1847 ) was a jurist , politician , and social and political theorist from South Carolina .'}]}, {'value': 'Successor elected November 29 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'William Smith ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Smith_(South_Carolina_senator)', 'summary': "William Smith ( 1762 - June 26 , 1840 ) was chosen as a Democratic-Republican to the U.S. Senate representing South Carolina in 1816 . The legislature declined to re-elect him when his term expired in 1823 . He was narrowly chosen senator in 1826 and was again replaced in 1831 . Smith was one of the first Southerners to argue , at the time of the Missouri Compromise in 1820 , that slavery was a positive good ; nevertheless , he opposed John C. Calhoun 's doctrine and tactic of nullification . In 1828 , seven electors from Georgia chose him for vice president , instead of Calhoun , the Democratic nominee . He was also a splinter candidate for vice president in 1836 : Virginia refused to accept Richard Mentor Johnson as the Democratic vice presidential candidate , and voted for the ticket of Martin Van Buren and William Smith , putting Johnson one electoral vote short of a majority ; the Senate went on to elect Johnson . In 1832 , he moved to Louisiana , having lost his political base in South Carolina . In 1836 , he moved on to Huntsville , Alabama , and was elected to the Alabama House of Representatives for Madison County from August 1 , 1836 , holding that seat for the rest of his life . On March 3 , 1837 , outgoing President Andrew Jackson nominated Smith to the Supreme Court . Five days later , the newly seated Senate of the 25th Congress confirmed Smith 's nomination by a vote of 23-18 ; nevertheless , Smith declined to serve ."}]}, {'value': 'Installed November 29 , 1826', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Delaware ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Delaware', 'summary': "Below is a chronological listing of the United States senators from Delaware . U.S. senators were originally elected by the Delaware General Assembly for designated six-year terms beginning March 4 . Frequently portions of the term would remain only upon a U.S. senator 's death or resignation . From 1914 and the enforcement of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution , adopted in 1913 , officeholders were popularly elected on the first Tuesday after November 1 ; starting 1935 , the beginning of their term is January 3 . Delaware 's current U.S. senators are Democrats Tom Carper ( serving since 2001 ) and Chris Coons ( serving since 2010 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Daniel Rodney ( A )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daniel_Rodney', 'summary': 'Daniel Rodney ( September 10 , 1764 - September 2 , 1846 ) was an American merchant and politician from Lewes in Sussex County , Delaware . He was a member of the Federalist Party , and later the National Republican Party , who served as Governor of Delaware , U. S. Representative from Delaware and U.S . Senator from Delaware .'}]}, {'value': 'Resigned January 12 , 1827 , after successor was elected', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Henry M. Ridgely ( J )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henry_M._Ridgely', 'summary': 'Henry Moore Ridgely ( August 6 , 1779 - August 6 , 1847 ) was an American lawyer and politician from Dover , in Kent County , Delaware . He was a member of the Federalist Party , and later the Democratic Party , who served as U.S. Representative from Delaware and as U.S . Senator from Delaware .'}]}, {'value': 'Installed January 23 , 1827', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Changes in membership -- Senate', 'section_text': 'replacements : 7 Anti-Jacksonian ( A ) : 3-seat net gain Jacksonian ( J ) : no net change deaths : 4 resignations : 6 interim appointments : 4 Total seats with changes : 13 See also : List of special elections to the United States Senate', 'uid': '19th_United_States_Congress_0', 'intro': 'The Nineteenth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1825, to March 4, 1827, during the first two years of the administration of U.S. President John Quincy Adams. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Fourth Census of the United States in 1820. The Senate had a majority of Jackson Men, while the House had an Anti-Jackson (pro-Adams) majority.'}
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Who was the vacator whose successor died on March 18 , 1863 ?
David Holmes
04928c707bfd2505
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_of_Germany', 'title': 'Cinema of Germany', 'header': ['Year', 'English title', 'Original title', 'Director ( s )'], 'data': [{'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Go for Zucker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alles_auf_Zucker!', 'summary': 'Alles auf Zucker ! ( English : Go for Zucker ! ) is a German comedy film , released internationally in 2004 . It can be seen as part of the Ossi-Wessi confrontation within Germany . Directed by Dani Levy , the cast includes Henry Hübchen , Hannelore Elsner , Udo Samel , Gołda Tencer and Steffen Groth . Director Dani Levy , himself Jewish , has made an ironic comedy about modern Jewish identity in present-day Germany . Henry Hübchen stars as Jaecki Zucker .'}]}, {'value': 'Alles auf Zucker !', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dani Levy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dani_Levy', 'summary': 'Dani Levy ( born 17 November 1957 ) is a Swiss filmmaker , theatrical director , screenwriter and actor .'}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Lives of Others', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Lives_of_Others', 'summary': "The Lives of Others ( German : Das Leben der Anderen ) is a 2006 German drama film , marking the feature film debut of filmmaker Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck . The plot is about the monitoring of East Berlin residents by agents of the Stasi , East Germany 's secret police . It stars Ulrich Mühe as Stasi Captain Gerd Wiesler , Ulrich Tukur as his superior Anton Grubitz , Sebastian Koch as the playwright Georg Dreyman , and Martina Gedeck as Dreyman 's lover , a prominent actress named Christa-Maria Sieland . The film was released in Germany on 23 March 2006 . At the same time , the screenplay was published by Suhrkamp Verlag . The Lives of Others won the 2006 Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film . The film had earlier won seven Deutscher Filmpreis awards - including those for best film , best director , best screenplay , best actor , and best supporting actor - after setting a new record with 11 nominations . It was nominated for Best Foreign Language Film at the 64th Golden Globe Awards . The Lives of Others cost US $ 2 million and grossed more than US $ 77 million worldwide as of November 2007 [ update ] Released 17 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall , marking the end of the East German socialist state , it was the first notable drama film about the subject after a series of comedies such as Good Bye , Lenin ! and Sonnenallee . This approach was widely applauded in Germany even as some criticized the humanization of Wiesler 's character . The film 's authenticity was considered praiseworthy given that the director grew up outside of East Germany and was 16 when the Berlin Wall fell ."}]}, {'value': 'Das Leben der Anderen', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florian_Henckel_von_Donnersmarck', 'summary': 'Florian Maria Georg Christian Graf Henckel von Donnersmarck ( born 2 May 1973 ) is a German film director , best known for writing and directing the 2006 Oscar-winning dramatic thriller The Lives of Others , the 2010 three time Golden Globe nominated romantic thriller The Tourist starring Angelina Jolie and Johnny Depp , and the two-time Oscar-nominated 2018 epic drama Never Look Away .'}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Four Minutes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Four_Minutes_(2006_film)', 'summary': 'Four Minutes ( German : Vier Minuten ) , is a 2006 German drama film directed by Chris Kraus starring Monica Bleibtreu , Hannah Herzsprung , Sven Pippig , and Richy Müller .'}]}, {'value': 'Vier Minuten', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chris Kraus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Kraus_(filmmaker)', 'summary': 'Christopher J. Chris Kraus ( born 1963 in Göttingen ) is a German author and film director .'}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Edge of Heaven', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Edge_of_Heaven_(film)', 'summary': "The Edge of Heaven ( German : Auf der anderen Seite , literally On the Other Side , Turkish : Yaşamın Kıyısında ) is a 2007 Turkish-German drama written and directed by Fatih Akın . The film won the Prix du scénario at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival , was Germany 's entry in the category Best Foreign Language Film at the 2007 Oscars , but was not nominated . After making its worldwide debut at the Cannes Film Festival in France , the film was shown at several international film festivals . It was released in Germany on 27 September 2007 ."}]}, {'value': 'Auf der anderen Seite', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fatih Akın', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fatih_Akın', 'summary': 'Fatih Akin ( Turkish : Fatih Akın , born 25 August 1973 ) is a German film director , screenwriter and producer of Turkish descent . He has won numerous awards for his films , including the Golden Bear at the Berlin Film Festival for his film Head-On ( 2004 ) , Best Screenplay at the Cannes Film Festival for his film The Edge of Heaven ( 2007 ) , and the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film for his film In the Fade ( 2017 ) .'}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Rabe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Rabe_(film)', 'summary': "John Rabe ( released in the United Kingdom as City of War : The Story of John Rabe ) is a 2009 German-Chinese-French biopictorial film directed by Florian Gallenberger and starring Ulrich Tukur , Daniel Brühl and Steve Buscemi . It focuses upon the experiences of John Rabe , a German businessman who used his Nazi Party membership to create a protective International Safety Zone in Nanking , China , helping to save over 200,000 Chinese from the Nanking Massacre in late 1937 and early 1938 . The massacre and its associated atrocities were committed subsequent to the Battle of Nanking by the invading Imperial Japanese Army after they defeated the Chinese Nationalist forces defending the city during the Second Sino-Japanese War . Based upon John Rabe 's published wartime diaries , shooting for the film commenced in 2007 , and it premiered at the 59th Berlin International Film Festival on 7 February 2009 . Upon the film 's release it did not receive theatrical distribution in Japan and was the subject of vociferous refutations by Japanese ultranationalists who denied the events ever took place ."}]}, {'value': 'John Rabe', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Florian Gallenberger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florian_Gallenberger', 'summary': 'Florian Gallenberger ( born 23 February 1972 in Munich ) is a German film director and writer . His film Quiero ser ( I want to be . ) was awarded the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film in 2001 .'}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The White Ribbon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_White_Ribbon', 'summary': "The White Ribbon is a 2009 black-and-white German-language drama film written and directed by Michael Haneke . Das weiße Band , Eine deutsche Kindergeschichte ( literally , The White Ribbon , a German Children 's Story ) darkly depicts society and family in a northern German village just before World War I and , according to Haneke , is about the roots of evil . Whether its religious or political terrorism , its the same thing . The film premiered at the 62nd Cannes Film Festival in May 2009 where it won the Palme d'Or , followed by positive reviews and several other major awards , including the 2010 Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film . The film also received two nominations at the 82nd Academy Awards in 2009 : Best Foreign Language Film ( representing Germany ) and Best Cinematography ( Christian Berger ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Das weiße Band', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Haneke', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Haneke', 'summary': "Michael Haneke ( German : [ ˈhaːnəkə ] ; born 23 March 1942 ) is an Austrian film director and screenwriter . His work often examines social issues and depicts the feelings of estrangement experienced by individuals in modern society . Haneke has made films in French , German , and English and has worked in television‚ theatre , and cinema . He also teaches film direction at the Film Academy Vienna . His directorial debut , The Seventh Continent , won the Bronze Leopard at the Locarno International Film Festival in 1989 . He later won the Grand Prix at the 2001 Cannes Film Festival for The Piano Teacher and the Best Director Award for Caché at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival . He subsequently directed the 2007 remake of his controversial 1997 film Funny Games . At the 2009 Cannes Film Festival , his film The White Ribbon won the Palme d'Or , and at the 67th Golden Globe Awards the film won the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film . In 2012 , his film Amour premiered and competed at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival . The film would go on to win the Palme d'Or , making it his second win of the prestigious award in three years ; this made him the seventh director ( at the time ) to have won it twice and the only Austrian director to have accomplished this . The film received five Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Original Screenplay , and Best Actress in a Leading Role for Emmanuelle Riva ; it won in the category of Best Foreign Language Film . In 2013 , Haneke won the Prince of Asturias Award for the arts ."}]}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vincent Wants to Sea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vincent_Wants_to_Sea', 'summary': 'Vincent Wants to Sea ( German : Vincent will Meer ) is a 2010 German drama film directed by Ralf Huettner .'}]}, {'value': 'Vincent will Meer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ralf Huettner', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stopped on Track', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stopped_on_Track', 'summary': 'Stopped on Track ( German : Halt auf Freier Strecke ) is a 2011 German drama film directed by Andreas Dresen . It premiered in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival . The film won the Prize Un Certain Regard , the top award for best film in the section . The win was shared with the South Korean film Arirang , directed by Kim Ki-duk .'}]}, {'value': 'Halt auf freier Strecke', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andreas Dresen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andreas_Dresen', 'summary': 'Andreas Dresen ( born 16 August 1963 in Gera ) is a German film director . His directing credits include Cloud 9 , Summer in Berlin , Grill Point and Night Shapes . His film Stopped on Track premiered at the Un Certain Regard section at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival , where it won the Prize of Un Certain Regard . Dresen is known for his realistic style , which gives his films a semi-documentary feel . He works very teamoriented and heavily uses improvisation . In 2013 he was a member of the jury at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival .'}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oh Boy !', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oh_Boy!_(2012_film)', 'summary': "Oh Boy is a 2012 German tragicomedy film directed by Jan-Ole Gerster . It is in black-and-white . It is the director 's debut film , and thesis project for the German Film and Television Academy in Berlin . In 2014 , the film was released in the US under the title A Coffee in Berlin ."}]}, {'value': 'Oh Boy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jan-Ole Gerster', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jan-Ole_Gerster', 'summary': 'Jan-Ole Gerster ( born 1978 in Hagen ) is a German film director and screenwriter .'}]}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Home from Home', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Home_from_Home_(2013_film)', 'summary': 'Home from Home ( German : Die andere Heimat - Chronik einer Sehnsucht ) is a 2013 German drama film directed by Edgar Reitz . It was screened out of competition at the 70th Venice International Film Festival . It is shot in black and white , but there are some colour sequences . It is a prequel to the Heimat film series and concerns the Simon family living in the fictional Hunsrück village of Schabbach from 1840-1844 .'}]}, {'value': 'Die andere Heimat', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Edgar Reitz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edgar_Reitz', 'summary': 'Edgar Reitz ( born 1 November 1932 ) is a German filmmaker and Professor of Film at the Staatliche Hochschule für Gestaltung ( State University of Design ) in Karlsruhe .'}]}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Victoria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victoria_(2015_film)', 'summary': 'Victoria is a 2015 German crime thriller film directed by Sebastian Schipper and starring Laia Costa and Frederick Lau . It is one of the few feature films shot in a single continuous take .'}]}, {'value': 'Victoria', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sebastian Schipper', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sebastian_Schipper', 'summary': 'Sebastian Schipper ( born 8 May 1968 in Hanover ) is a German actor and filmmaker .'}]}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The People vs. Fritz Bauer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_People_vs._Fritz_Bauer', 'summary': 'The People vs. Fritz Bauer ( German : Der Staat gegen Fritz Bauer ) is a 2015 German drama film directed by Lars Kraume . It was screened in the Contemporary World Cinema section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival . The film won the awards for Best Film , Best Direction , Best Screenplay , and three more at Deutscher Filmpreis ( ″Lola″ ) 2016 . The film also won the Best Documentary Audience Award at the Philadelphia Jewish Film Festival 36 . It was listed as one of eight films that could be the German submission for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 89th Academy Awards , but it was not selected .'}]}, {'value': 'Der Staat gegen Fritz Bauer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lars Kraume', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lars_Kraume', 'summary': 'Lars Kraume ( born 24 February 1973 ) is a German film director , screenwriter and producer . He has directed 35 films since 1996 .'}]}], 'section_title': 'German Film Academy -- Awards', 'section_text': 'Since 2005 , the winners of the Deutscher Filmpreis , also known as the Lolas are elected by the members of the Deutsche Filmakademie . With a cash prize of three million euros it is the most highly endowed German cultural award .', 'uid': 'Cinema_of_Germany_0', 'intro': 'The film industry in Germany can be traced back to the late 19th century. German cinema made major technical and artistic contributions to early film, broadcasting and television technology. Babelsberg became a household synonym for the early 20th century film industry in Europe, similar to Hollywood later. Germany witnessed major changes to its identity during the 20th and 21st century. Those changes determined the periodisation of national cinema into a succession of distinct eras and movements.'}
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The winner of the Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film in 2001 , directed a biopictorial film about a Nazi Party member that rescued how many Chinese from massacre in 1937-38 ?
over 200,000 Chinese
0492dce3fa5452bb
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_number-one_singles_of_1999_(France)', 'title': 'List of number-one singles of 1999 (France)', 'header': ['Pos', 'Artist', 'Title', 'Sales*'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lou Bega', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lou_Bega', 'summary': "David Lubega ( born 13 April 1975 ) , better known by his stage name Lou Bega , is a German recording artist . His 1999 song Mambo No . 5 , a remake of Pérez Prado 's 1949 instrumental piece , reached Number 1 in many European countries and was nominated for a Grammy Award . Bega added his own words to the song and sampled the original version extensively . Bega 's musical signature consists of combining musical elements of the 1940s and 1950s with modern beats and grooves ."}]}, {'value': 'Mambo No . 5', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mambo_No._5', 'summary': "Mambo No . 5 is a mambo and jazz dance song originally recorded and composed by Cuban musician Dámaso Pérez Prado in 1949 . The song 's popularity was renewed by German artist Lou Bega 's sampling of the last 30 seconds of the original , released under the same name on Bega 's 1999 debut album A Little Bit of Mambo ."}]}, {'value': '1,532,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Larusso', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Larusso', 'summary': "Larusso ( born Laetitia Serero on 11 October 1979 ) is a French singer . She popularized songs such as Tu m'oublieras and Je survivrai , the latter sung by Régine in the 1980s , which is a French adaptation of I Will Survive by Gloria Gaynor ."}]}, {'value': "Tu m'oublieras", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Tu_m'oublieras", 'summary': "Tu m'oublieras is a 1998 song recorded by French singer Larusso . It was the second single from her debut album , Simplement , and was released in October 1998 . It remains to date Larusso 's best single , topping the chart in France and Belgium ( Wallonia ) , and can be deemed as her signature song ."}]}, {'value': '1,209,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Moos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moos_(singer)', 'summary': 'Moos is a French singer ( born in 1974 , in Toulouse , France ) and had a great success with the song Au nom de la rose .'}]}, {'value': 'Au Nom de la rose', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Au_Nom_de_la_rose', 'summary': 'Au Nom de la rose is a 1999 song recorded by French singer Moos . The song was released on 13 April 1999 as the second single from his sole album Le Crabe est érotique . It became a smash hit in France and Belgium ( Wallonia ) where it remained for several months atop of the singles chart .'}]}, {'value': '918,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eiffel 65', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eiffel_65', 'summary': "Eiffel 65 is an Italian music group consisting of Jeffrey Jey , Maurizio Lobina and Gabry Ponte . They gained global popularity with their hit singles Blue ( Da Ba Dee ) and Move Your Body , from their 1999 studio album Europop . The singles reached number one in many countries , while the album peaked at number four on the Billboard 200 chart . Their following two albums , Contact ! ( 2001 ) and their 2003 self titled album did not gain as much success , but still managed to gain success in Italy . Over the course of their career , the group won a World Music Award in 2000 for the World Best Selling Italian Group , and a B.M.I USA in Los Angeles , rewarding the most-broadcast song on radio in the United States . They were also nominated at the Grammy Award for Best Dance Recording for Blue ( Da Ba Dee ) . Europop was crowned as the greatest album of the 1990s by Channel 4 . Eiffel 65 also composed remixes of numerous popular songs , and they recorded One Goal , one of the official songs of the UEFA Euro 2000 , and Living In My City , for the 2006 Winter Olympics . With more than 20 million copies sold and many gold , platinum and diamond records , Eiffel 65 is one of Italy 's most popular electronic groups . In 2005 , DJ Gabry Ponte left the group to focus on his solo career , and later that year , the remaining members Jeffrey Jey and Maurizio Lobina formed their own duo called Bloom 06 . In 2010 , the original group reunited ; although Ponte no longer participates in record productions and concerts , he never officially left the group ."}]}, {'value': 'Blue ( Da Ba Dee )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blue_(Da_Ba_Dee)', 'summary': "Blue ( Da Ba Dee ) is a song by Italian music group Eiffel 65 . It was first released in October 7 , 1998 in Italy by Bliss Corporation and became internationally successful the following year . It is the lead single of their debut album Europop . The song is the group 's most popular single , reaching number one in many countries such as Ireland , the United Kingdom , the Netherlands , France , Sweden , Switzerland , Spain , Portugal , Canada , the United Arab Emirates , Russia , New Zealand , Israel , Lebanon , Finland , Norway , Belgium , Australia , Austria , Greece , Germany , and Hungary , as well as reaching # 6 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States in January 2000 . In the United Kingdom , the song originally entered the top 40 purely on import sales ; it was only the third single to do this . The song also received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Dance Recording at the 2001 Grammy Awards , two years after it was released ."}]}, {'value': '1,001,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zebda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zebda', 'summary': "Zebda is a French music group from Toulouse ( France ) known for its political activism and its wide variety of musical styles . The group , which was formed in 1985 , consisted of seven musicians of diverse nationalities , and the themes of much of their music involved political and social justice , the status of immigrants and minorities in France , and the inhabitants of the French banlieues , or suburbs . Zebda earned widespread recognition , as well as several awards , for its 1998 single Tomber la chemise ( Take Off Your Shirt ) . In 2001 , the band spearheaded an independent political party that won over 12% of the first-round vote in Toulouse 's municipal elections . The group disbanded in 2003 but reformed in 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'Tomber la chemise', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tomber_la_chemise', 'summary': "Tomber la chemise ( English : literally Take Off Your Shirt but the meaning is Get ready to play hard ) is a 1998 song by the Toulousian collective Zebda . The song was released on 7 June 1999 as part of the first single from Zebda 's third album Essence ordinaire and received a successful reception in France , where it reached number-one on the singles chart and won two awards . This summer 1999 hit song Tomber la chemise was part of a sudden popularity trend by rappers of immigrant origins in France at that time ."}]}, {'value': '868,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Hallyday', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Hallyday', 'summary': 'David Hallyday ( born David Michael Benjamin Smet ; 14 August 1966 ) is a French singer , songwriter and amateur sports car racer .'}]}, {'value': "Tu ne m'as pas laissé le temps", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Tu_ne_m'as_pas_laissé_le_temps", 'summary': "Tu ne m'as pas laissé le temps is a 1999 song recorded by French artist David Hallyday . It was the lead single from his album Un Paradis / Un Enfer , released about two weeks after the single , in June 1999 . It was a hit in France ( a number-one single ) and Belgium ( Wallonia ) and remains to date David Hallyday 's most successful single ."}]}, {'value': '801,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Britney Spears', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Britney_Spears', 'summary': "Britney Jean Spears ( born December 2 , 1981 ) is an American singer , songwriter , dancer , and actress . Born in McComb , Mississippi and raised in Kentwood , Louisiana , she appeared in stage productions and television series , before signing with Jive Records in 1997 . Spears 's first two studio albums , .Baby One More Time ( 1999 ) and Oops ! . I Did It Again ( 2000 ) , were global successes and made her the best-selling teenage artist of all-time . Referred to as the Princess of Pop , Spears is regarded as a pop icon and is credited with influencing the revival of teen pop during the late 1990s and early 2000s . Spears adopted more mature and provocative themes for her next two studio albums , Britney ( 2001 ) and In the Zone ( 2003 ) , and made her feature film debut in a starring role in Crossroads ( 2002 ) . Following a series of heavily publicized personal struggles and erratic public behavior , Spears 's career was interrupted , before the release of her fifth studio album Blackout ( 2007 ) , which is often critically referred to as her best work . Her erratic behavior and hospitalizations led Spears to be placed on a still ongoing conservatorship . She returned to the top of record charts with her sixth and seventh studio albums , Circus ( 2008 ) and Femme Fatale ( 2011 ) , respectively . In 2012 , Forbes reported that Spears was the highest paid female musician of the year , with earnings of $ 58 million , having last topped the list in 2002 . During the promotion of her eighth and ninth studio albums , Britney Jean ( 2013 ) and Glory ( 2016 ) , Spears embarked on a four-year concert residency , Britney : Piece of Me , at Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino in Las Vegas , which became one of the highest-grossing residencies of all-time . In 2019 , Spears announced an indefinite career hiatus and was later admitted involuntarily into a mental health facility by her conservator , leading to a court-led investigation into malpractice conducted by Spears 's team ."}]}, {'value': '... Baby One More Time', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/..._Baby_One_More_Time_(song)', 'summary': ".Baby One More Time is the debut single by American singer Britney Spears from her debut studio album of the same title ( 1999 ) . It was written by Max Martin and produced by Martin and Rami . After recording and sending a demo tape with an unused song from Toni Braxton , Spears signed a multi-album deal with Jive . .Baby One More Time is a pop song that refers to a girl 's feelings after a break-up with her boyfriend . .Baby One More Time was released on October 23 , 1998 through Jive Records . It reached number one in at least 18 countries , including the United Kingdom , where it earned triple-platinum certification from the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) and became the country 's best-selling song of 1999 . The song is one of the best-selling singles of all time , with over 10 million copies sold . An accompanying music video , directed by Nigel Dick , portrays Spears as a student from a Catholic high school , who starts to daydream that she is singing and dancing around the school , while watching her love interest from afar . The music video was later referenced in the music video of If U Seek Amy ( 2009 ) , where Spears 's fictional daughter is dressed with a similar schoolgirl outfit while wearing pink ribbons in her hair . In 2010 , the music video for .Baby One More Time was voted the third most influential video in the history of pop music , in a poll held by Jam ! . In 2011 , .Baby One More Time was voted by Billboard to be the best music video of the 1990s . It has been featured on all of her greatest hits and other compilation albums ."}]}, {'value': '578,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Emilia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emilia_Rydberg', 'summary': 'Emilia Rydberg , also known as Emilia Mitiku or more simply Emilia ( born 5 January 1978 , in Stockholm , Sweden ) is a Swedish pop music and soul singer . Her 1998 hit single Big Big World reached number one in the music charts in several countries .'}]}, {'value': 'Big Big World', 'urls': []}, {'value': '496,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lââm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lââm', 'summary': 'Lââm ( born 1 September 1971 , in Paris ) is a French singer of Tunisian descent . She has sold more than 4,000,000 singles & albums .'}]}, {'value': 'Jamais loin de toi', 'urls': []}, {'value': '518,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tina Arena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tina_Arena', 'summary': "Filippina Lydia Tina Arena AM ( born 1 November 1967 ) is an Australian singer-songwriter , musician , musical theatre actress and record producer . She is one of Australia 's highest selling artists and has sold over 10 million records worldwide . Arena is an artist with the vocal range of a soprano and is multilingual : she sings live and records in English , Italian , French and Spanish . Arena has earned several international and national awards , including seven ARIA Awards , and two World Music Awards for 'Best-selling Australian Artist ' , which she received in 1996 and in 2000 . In 2001 , Arena was awarded a BMI Foundation Songwriting Award ( Broadcast Music Inc. ) by the American performance rights organisation for co-writing Burn with Pam Reswick and Steve Werfel . In 2011 , Arena became the first Australian to be awarded a Knighthood of the French National Order of National Merit , presented by the President of the French Republic , Nicolas Sarkozy , for her contributions to French culture , and ceremonially awarded by Frédéric Mitterrand , the Minister of Culture and Communication of France . In 2015 , Arena was inducted into the Australian Recording Industry Association ARIA Hall of Fame at the 2015 ARIA Awards ceremony . On Australia Day , 26 January 2016 , Arena was recognised in the Australia Day Honours and appointed a Member in the General Division of the Order of Australia for significant service to the music industry as a singer , songwriter , and recording artist , and as a supporter of charitable groups . On 27 April 2016 , the Governor-General of Australia , Sir Peter Cosgrove , presented Tina Arena with her insignia as a Member of the Order of Australia ( AM ) at a private ceremony in Paris . In March 2019 , the Government of Australia appointed Arena as a board member of the Australia Council for the Arts for a three-year term . The Australia Council for the Arts , informally known as the Australia Council , is the principal arts council or arts funding body of the federal government of Australia ."}]}, {'value': 'Aller plus haut', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aller_plus_haut', 'summary': "Aller plus haut ( English : Go Higher ) is a 1999 song recorded by Australian singer Tina Arena . It was the eighth single from the album In Deep and was released in July 1999 . It was also Arena 's first French language single . J. Kapler was inspired to write the song and offer it to Tina Arena after seeing her perform in English on French television . The song became a huge hit in Belgium ( Wallonia ) where it topped the chart for one week and remained in the top 40 for 21 weeks , and in France , where it charted for 40 weeks and peaked at # 2 for six consecutive weeks . The song is currently the 364th best-selling single in France . The song was also included on Arena 's best of Souvenirs , Greatest Hits 1994-2004 and The Best & le meilleur . A live version of the song is available on Vous êtes toujours là . The song was covered in 2001 by Lara Fabian , Daniel Levi and Roch Voisine on Les Enfoirés ' album L'Odyssée des Enfoirés . In 2005 , Arena recorded a new version as a duet with Les 500 Choristes for the album 500 Choristes - avec. , which appears on the CD maxi for Aimer jusqu ' à l'impossible ."}]}, {'value': '617,000', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Top Ten Best Sales -- Singles', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_French_number-one_hits_of_1999_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of the French SNEP Top 100 Singles & Top 75 Albums number-ones of 1999.'}
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For the number of highest sales , what was the artist 's real name ?
David Lubega
04931f7b237682bb
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Members_of_the_Canadian_House_of_Commons_with_military_service_(J)', 'title': 'List of Members of the Canadian House of Commons with military service (J)', 'header': ['Name', 'Elected Party', 'Constituency', 'Elected date', 'Military service'], 'data': [{'value': 'Harry Jackman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harry_Jackman', 'summary': "Henry Rutherford Harry Jackman , OC ( November 5 , 1900 - November 22 , 1979 ) was a Canadian politician and successful entrepreneur . In 1973 , he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada . Harry Jackman represented the electoral district of Rosedale in the House of Commons of Canada from 1940 to 1949 . He was first elected in 1940 as a member of Robert Manion 's World War II National Government caucus ( which , despite the name , formed the Official Opposition in the House of Commons of Canada ) , after wresting his party 's nomination from Conservative incumbent Harry Gladstone Clarke . Jackman was re-elected in 1945 as a Progressive Conservative . He ran again in 1949 , but was defeated . In business , Jackman built the Empire Life group of financial service companies during the Great Depression . Jackman married Mary Coyne Rowell , the daughter of Canadian politician Newton Wesley Rowell , in 1930 . They had four children : Henry ( Hal ) , Eric , Edward , and Nancy ."}]}, {'value': 'National Government', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Government_(Canada)', 'summary': 'The Conservative Party of Canada has gone by a variety of names over the years since Canadian Confederation . Initially known as the Liberal-Conservative Party , it dropped Liberal from its name in 1873 , although many of its candidates continued to use this name . As a result of World War I and the Conscription Crisis of 1917 , the party joined with pro-conscription Liberals to become the Unionist Party , led by Robert Borden from 1917 to 1920 , and then the National Liberal and Conservative Party until 1922 . It then reverted to Liberal-Conservative Party until 1938 , when it became simply the National Conservative Party . It ran in the 1940 election as National Government even though it was in opposition . The party was almost always referred to as simply the Conservative Party or Tories .'}]}, {'value': 'Rosedale', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rosedale_(electoral_district)', 'summary': "Toronto Centre ( French : Toronto-Centre ) is a federal electoral district in Toronto , Ontario , Canada , that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1872 to 1925 , and since 1935 , under the names Centre Toronto ( 1872-1903 ) , Toronto Centre ( 1903-1925 , and since 2004 ) , Rosedale ( 1935-1997 ) , and Toronto Centre - Rosedale ( 1997-2004 ) . Toronto Centre covers the heart of Downtown Toronto . The riding contains areas such as Regent Park ( Canada 's first and largest social housing development ) , St. James Town ( a largely immigrant area and the most densely populated neighbourhood in Canada ) , Cabbagetown , Church and Wellesley ( Canada 's largest gay neighbourhood ) , Ryerson University , The Toronto Eaton Centre and part of the city 's financial district ( the east side of Bay Street ) . Historically , the riding was one of the few in central Toronto where the Progressive Conservatives usually did well . The PCs held the riding for 34 of the 58 years from 1935 to 1993 . However , it has been in Liberal hands without interruption since 1993 . The 2012 federal electoral redistribution shifted much of the wealthier northern part of the riding , which included Rosedale , to the new riding of University - Rosedale . The riding was represented by former interim Liberal leader Bob Rae after the federal by-elections of March 17 , 2008 . Rae resigned from Parliament on July 31 , 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'March 26 , 1940', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royal Air Force ( 1918 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Royal_Air_Force', 'summary': "The Royal Air Force ( RAF ) is the United Kingdom 's aerial warfare force . It was formed towards the end of the First World War on 1 April 1918 . Following victory over the Central Powers in 1918 the RAF emerged as , at the time , the largest air force in the world . Since its formation , the RAF has taken a significant role in British military history . In particular , it played a large part in the Second World War where it fought its most famous campaign , the Battle of Britain . The RAF 's mission is to support the objectives of the British Ministry of Defence ( MoD ) , which are to provide the capabilities needed to ensure the security and defence of the United Kingdom and overseas territories , including against terrorism ; to support the Government 's foreign policy objectives particularly in promoting international peace and security . The RAF describes its mission statement as . [ to provide ] an agile , adaptable and capable Air Force that , person for person , is second to none , and that makes a decisive air power contribution in support of the UK Defence Mission . The mission statement is supported by the RAF 's definition of air power , which guides its strategy . Air power is defined as the ability to project power from the air and space to influence the behaviour of people or the course of events . Today the Royal Air Force maintains an operational fleet of various types of aircraft , described by the RAF as being leading-edge in terms of technology . This largely consists of fixed-wing aircraft , including : fighter and strike aircraft , airborne early warning and control aircraft , ISTAR and SIGINT aircraft , aerial refueling aircraft and strategic and tactical transport aircraft ."}]}, {'value': 'John Mason James', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Mason_James', 'summary': 'John Mason James ( 17 January 1911 - 18 October 1999 ) was a Liberal party member of the House of Commons of Canada . Born in Bowmanville , Ontario , he was a publisher of the Canadian Statesman newspaper by career . Before entering politics , he was a Captain of Military Intelligence during WW2 between the years of 1940-1945 . He was first elected at the Durham riding in the 1949 general election and re-elected there in the 1953 election . James was defeated in the 1957 election by Percy Vivian of the Progressive Conservative party .'}]}, {'value': 'Liberal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada', 'summary': "The Liberal Party of Canada ( French : Parti libéral du Canada ) is the oldest and longest-serving political party in Canada . The party has dominated federal politics for much of Canada 's history , holding power for almost 70 years in the 20th century - more than any other party in a developed country - and as a result , it is sometimes referred to as Canada 's natural governing party . The party espouses the principles of liberalism , and generally sits at the centre to centre-left of the Canadian political spectrum , with the Conservative Party positioned to the centre-right and the New Democratic Party ( who at times aligned itself with the Liberals during minority governments ) , occupying the centre-left to left . Like their federal Conservative Party rivals , the party is often described as a big tent , attracting support from a broad spectrum of voters . In the late 1970s , Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau claimed that his Liberal Party adhered to the radical centre . The Liberals ' signature policies and legislative decisions include universal health care , the Canada Pension Plan , Canada Student Loans , peacekeeping , multilateralism , official bilingualism , official multiculturalism , patriating the Canadian constitution and the entrenchment of Canada 's Charter of Rights and Freedoms , the Clarity Act , legalizing same-sex marriage , euthanasia , and cannabis , national carbon pricing , and reproductive choice . In the 2015 federal election , the Liberal Party under Justin Trudeau had its best result since the 2000 election , winning 39.5 percent of the popular vote and 184 seats , gaining a majority of seats in the House of Commons . However , in the 2019 federal election , they lost their majority , winning 157 seats , but they still remained the largest party in the House ."}]}, {'value': 'Durham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Durham_(electoral_district)', 'summary': 'Durham ( formerly known as Clarington - Scugog - Uxbridge ) is a federal electoral district in Ontario , Canada , that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1904 to 1968 , and since 1988 . Its first iteration was created in 1903 from Durham East and Durham West ridings . It consisted of the county of Durham . The electoral district was abolished in 1966 when it was merged into Northumberland - Durham ridings . It was recreated in 1987 from parts of Durham - Northumberland and Ontario ridings . The second incarnation of the riding was initially defined to consist of the Town of Newcastle , the townships of Scugog and Uxbridge , Scugog Indian Reserve No . 34 , the part of the City of Oshawa lying north of Rossland Road and the allowance for road in front of lots 1 , 2 , 3 and 4 , Concession 3 , and the part of the Town of Whitby lying north of Taunton Road . In 1996 , it was redefined to consist of the Township of Scugog , Scugog Indian Reserve No . 34 , the Town of Clarington , and the part of the City of Oshawa lying north of a line drawn from west to east along Taunton Road , south along Ritson Road North , east along Rossland Road East , south along Harmony Road North , and east along King Street East . The electoral district was abolished in 2003 when it was redistributed between Clarington - Scugog - Uxbridge , Oshawa and Whitby - Oshawa ridings . Clarington - Scugog - Uxbridge was defined to consist of the townships of Uxbridge and Scugog , the Municipality of Clarington , and the Mississaugas of Scugog Island reserve . In 2004 , Clarington - Scugog - Uxbridge was renamed Durham riding .'}]}, {'value': 'June 27 , 1949', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canadian Army ( 1940-1945 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canadian_Army', 'summary': "The Canadian Army ( French : Armée canadienne ) is the command responsible for the operational readiness of the conventional ground forces of the Canadian Armed Forces . As of 2018 [ update ] the Army has 23,000 regular soldiers , about 19,000 reserve soldiers , including 5,000 rangers , for a total of 40,000 soldiers . The Army is supported by 3,000 civilian employees . It maintains regular forces units at bases across Canada , and is also responsible for the Army Reserve , the largest component of the Primary Reserve . The Commander of the Canadian Army and Chief of the Army Staff is Lieutenant-General Wayne Eyre . The name Canadian Army came into official use beginning only in 1940 ; from before Confederation until the Second World War the official designation was Canadian Militia . On 1 April 1966 , as a precursor to the unification of Canada 's armed services , all land forces , plus RCAF tactical units , were placed under a new command called Force Mobile Command . The Canadian Army persisted as a legal entity for two more years , before it amalgamated with the Royal Canadian Navy , and Royal Canadian Air Force to form a single service called the Canadian Armed Forces . Force Mobile Command was renamed Mobile Command in 1991-2 , and Land Force Command in 1993 . In August 2011 , Land Force Command reverted to the pre-1968 title of the Canadian Army ."}]}, {'value': 'Bud Jardine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bud_Jardine', 'summary': 'W.R. ( Bud ) Jardine ( born 31 May 1935 ) was a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada . He was a naval officer by career . Born in Chatham , New Brunswick , Jardine was elected at Northumberland - Miramichi electoral district in the 1984 federal election , thus he served in the 33rd Canadian Parliament . He was defeated in the 1988 federal election by Maurice Dionne of the Liberal party .'}]}, {'value': 'Progressive Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada', 'summary': 'The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada ( French : Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada ; PC ) was a federal political party in Canada . In 2003 , the party membership voted to dissolve the party and merge with the Canadian Alliance to form the modern-day Conservative Party of Canada . One member of the Senate of Canada , Elaine McCoy , sat as an Independent Progressive Conservative until 2016 . The conservative parties in most Canadian provinces still use the Progressive Conservative name . Some PC Party members formed the Progressive Canadian Party , which has attracted only marginal support .'}]}, {'value': 'Northumberland - Miramichi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northumberland—Miramichi', 'summary': 'Northumberland ( later known as Northumberland-Miramichi ) was a federal electoral district in New Brunswick , Canada , that was represented in the Canadian House of Commons from 1867 to 1988 . It was replaced by Miramichi riding , which has been represented in the House of Commons since 1988 . Its population in 2006 was 53,844 . Miramichi is named for the river and city of the same name .'}]}, {'value': 'September 4 , 1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canadian Army ( 1951-1954 ) , Royal Canadian Navy ( 1954-1968 ) , Canadian Forces Maritime Command ( 1968-1984 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canadian_Army', 'summary': "The Canadian Army ( French : Armée canadienne ) is the command responsible for the operational readiness of the conventional ground forces of the Canadian Armed Forces . As of 2018 [ update ] the Army has 23,000 regular soldiers , about 19,000 reserve soldiers , including 5,000 rangers , for a total of 40,000 soldiers . The Army is supported by 3,000 civilian employees . It maintains regular forces units at bases across Canada , and is also responsible for the Army Reserve , the largest component of the Primary Reserve . The Commander of the Canadian Army and Chief of the Army Staff is Lieutenant-General Wayne Eyre . The name Canadian Army came into official use beginning only in 1940 ; from before Confederation until the Second World War the official designation was Canadian Militia . On 1 April 1966 , as a precursor to the unification of Canada 's armed services , all land forces , plus RCAF tactical units , were placed under a new command called Force Mobile Command . The Canadian Army persisted as a legal entity for two more years , before it amalgamated with the Royal Canadian Navy , and Royal Canadian Air Force to form a single service called the Canadian Armed Forces . Force Mobile Command was renamed Mobile Command in 1991-2 , and Land Force Command in 1993 . In August 2011 , Land Force Command reverted to the pre-1968 title of the Canadian Army ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Navy', 'summary': 'The Royal Canadian Navy ( RCN ; French : Marine royale canadienne ) is the naval force of Canada . The RCN is one of three environmental ( land - army , sea - navy , and air - air force ) commands within the unified Canadian Armed Forces . As of 2017 [ update ] , The Royal Canadian Navy operates 12 frigates , 4 attack submarines , 12 coastal defence vessels and 8 patrol/training vessels , as well as several auxiliary vessels . The Royal Canadian Navy consists of 8,500 Regular Force and 5,100 Primary Reserve sailors , supported by 5,300 civilians . [ a 1 ] Vice-Admiral Art McDonald is the current Commander of the Royal Canadian Navy and Chief of the Naval Staff . [ a 2 ] Founded in 1910 as the Naval Service of Canada and given royal sanction on 29 August 1911 , the Royal Canadian Navy was amalgamated with the Royal Canadian Air Force and the Canadian Army to form the unified Canadian Armed Forces in 1968 , after which it was known as Maritime Command until 2011 . In 2011 , its historical title of Royal Canadian Navy was restored . Over the course of its history , the RCN has served in the First and Second World Wars , the Korean War , the Persian Gulf War , the War in Afghanistan and numerous United Nations peacekeeping missions and NATO operations .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Canadian_Forces_Maritime_Command', 'summary': 'The Royal Canadian Navy ( RCN ; French : Marine royale canadienne ) is the naval force of Canada . The RCN is one of three environmental ( land - army , sea - navy , and air - air force ) commands within the unified Canadian Armed Forces . As of 2017 [ update ] , The Royal Canadian Navy operates 12 frigates , 4 attack submarines , 12 coastal defence vessels and 8 patrol/training vessels , as well as several auxiliary vessels . The Royal Canadian Navy consists of 8,500 Regular Force and 5,100 Primary Reserve sailors , supported by 5,300 civilians . [ a 1 ] Vice-Admiral Art McDonald is the current Commander of the Royal Canadian Navy and Chief of the Naval Staff . [ a 2 ] Founded in 1910 as the Naval Service of Canada and given royal sanction on 29 August 1911 , the Royal Canadian Navy was amalgamated with the Royal Canadian Air Force and the Canadian Army to form the unified Canadian Armed Forces in 1968 , after which it was known as Maritime Command until 2011 . In 2011 , its historical title of Royal Canadian Navy was restored . Over the course of its history , the RCN has served in the First and Second World Wars , the Korean War , the Persian Gulf War , the War in Afghanistan and numerous United Nations peacekeeping missions and NATO operations .'}]}, {'value': 'John Theophilus Jenkins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Theophilus_Jenkins', 'summary': "John Theophilus Jenkins ( January 1 , 1829 - January 17 , 1919 ) was a physician and political figure in Prince Edward Island . He represented Charlottetown in the Legislative Assembly of Prince Edward Island from 1873 to 1876 and Queen 's County in the House of Commons of Canada from 1882 to 1883 and from 1884 to 1887 as a Liberal-Conservative member . He was the first native-born physician on Prince Edward Island . He was born in Charlottetown , the son of Reverend J.C. Jenkins and Penelope Desbrisay who was the daughter of Theophilus Desbrisay . He was educated at the Central Academy in Charlottetown and at St Bartholomew 's Hospital in London , England . Jenkins served as a surgeon in the Ottoman Army during the Crimean War . He was coroner and health officer for Charlottetown and married Jessie Esther , the daughter of Stephen Rice in 1856 . His election to the House of Commons in 1882 was declared invalid after an appeal ; Jenkins was elected to the same seat in an 1884 by-election after Frederick de St Croix Brecken resigned his seat to accept an appointment as postmaster for Charlottetown . He was elected to the provincial assembly in 5th Queens in an 1891 by-election held after Patrick Blake ran unsuccessfully for a seat in the House of Commons and served until 1893 . Jenkins also raised horses and owned a ranch in Western Canada . He died in Charlottetown at the age of 70 . His son Stephen Rice Jenkins was also a physician and served in the provincial assembly and his son Louis , a farmer , was a member of the provincial assembly ."}]}, {'value': 'Liberal-Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liberal-Conservative', 'summary': "The Liberal-Conservative Party ( French : le Parti libéral-conservateur ) was the formal name of the Conservative Party of Canada until 1873 , and again from 1922 to 1938 , although some Conservative candidates continued to run under the label as late as the 1911 election and others ran as simple Conservatives before 1873 . In many of Canada 's early elections , there were both Liberal-Conservative and Conservative candidates ; however , these were simply different labels used by candidates of the same party . Both were part of Sir John A. Macdonald 's government and official Conservative and Liberal-Conservative candidates would not , generally , [ clarification needed ] run against each other . It was also common for a candidate to run on one label in one election and the other in a subsequent election . The roots of the name are in the coalition of 1853 in which moderate Reformers and Conservatives from Canada West joined with bleus from Canada East under the dual premiership of Sir Allan MacNab and A.-N. Morin . The new ministry committed to secularizing Clergy reserves in Canada West and abolishing seigneurial tenure in Canada East . Over time , the Liberal-Conservatives evolved into the Conservative party and their opponents , the Clear Grits and the Parti rouge evolved into the Liberal Party of Canada . On October 12 , 1916 , the last Liberal-Conservative cabinet minister , Sam Hughes , was dismissed , making the executive all officially Conservative Party members . Prominent Liberal-Conservative Members of Parliament and Senators in Canadian history include :"}]}, {'value': "Queen 's County", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Queen's_County_(electoral_district)", 'summary': "Queen 's County was a federal electoral district in Prince Edward Island , Canada , that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1873 to 1896 . This riding was created in 1873 when Prince Edward Island joined the Canadian Confederation . It was abolished in 1892 when it was redistributed into East Prince , East Queen 's and West Queen 's ridings . It consisted of Queen 's County , and elected two members ."}]}, {'value': 'June 20 , 1882', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Turkish Army ( 1854-1856 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Turkish_Army', 'summary': "The Turkish Land Forces ( Turkish : Türk Kara Kuvvetleri ) , or Turkish Army ( Turkish : Türk Ordusu ) , is the main branch of the Turkish Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations . Official sources trace the army 's foundation to Modu Chanyu of the Xiongnu Empire in 209 BC , but the modern history of the army began with its formation after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire . Significant events since the foundation of the army include combat in the Korean War and in the 1974 Turkish invasion of Cyprus , and acting as a NATO bulwark along Cold War frontiers through 1992 . The army holds the preeminent place within the armed forces . It is customary for the Chief of the General Staff of the Republic of Turkey to have been the Commander of the Turkish Land Forces prior to his appointment as Turkey 's senior ranking officer . Alongside the other two armed services , the Turkish Army has frequently intervened in Turkish politics , which has now been regulated to an extent with the reform of the National Security Council . The current commander of the Turkish Land Forces is General Yaşar Güler . In late 2015 , reports suggested the Turkish Army ( along with the rest of the Armed Forces ) saw their personnel strengths increase to similar levels of the 2000s . Factors that contributed to this growth included further destabilization of Syria and Iraq due to ISIL and the Russian intervention in Syria , as well as a renewed insurgency of the Kurdistan Workers ' Party Turkey 's south east ."}]}, {'value': 'Merv Johnson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Merv_Johnson', 'summary': "Willis Merwyn Johnson ( May 9 , 1923 - July 14 , 2019 ) , better known as Merv Johnson , was a Canadian farmer and politician in Saskatchewan . Johnson was the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation Member for Parliament for Kindersley , Saskatchewan . He first won his seat in the House of Commons of Canada in the 1953 federal election and was re-elected in 1957 before being defeated in the 1958 general election in the Diefenbaker landslide . He attempted to re-enter the House of Commons in several subsequent elections as a New Democrat but was unsuccessful . In 1977 , Johnson was appointed to serve as Saskatchewan 's agent-general in London , England . He also served for several years as president of the Saskatchewan CCF-NDP and was president of the federal New Democratic Party of Canada from 1963 to 1965 . He died in Victoria , British Columbia in July 2019 at the age of 96 ."}]}, {'value': 'Cooperative Commonwealth Federation', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cooperative_Commonwealth_Federation', 'summary': 'The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation ( CCF ) ( French : Fédération du Commonwealth Coopératif , from 1955 the Parti social démocratique du Canada ) was a social-democratic and democratic socialist political party in Canada . The CCF was founded in 1932 in Calgary , Alberta , by a number of socialist , agrarian , co-operative , and labour groups , and the League for Social Reconstruction . In 1944 , the CCF formed the first social-democratic government in North America when it was elected to form the provincial government in Saskatchewan . In 1961 , the CCF was succeeded by the New Democratic Party ( NDP ) . The full , but little used , name of the party was Co-operative Commonwealth Federation ( Farmer-Labour-Socialist ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Kindersley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kindersley_(electoral_district)', 'summary': 'Kindersley was a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan , Canada , that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1968 . It was created in 1914 from Battleford , Moose Jaw and Saskatoon ridings . It was abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed into Battleford - Kindersley and Swift Current - Maple Creek ridings .'}]}, {'value': 'August 10 , 1953', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canadian Army ( 1944-1945 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canadian_Army', 'summary': "The Canadian Army ( French : Armée canadienne ) is the command responsible for the operational readiness of the conventional ground forces of the Canadian Armed Forces . As of 2018 [ update ] the Army has 23,000 regular soldiers , about 19,000 reserve soldiers , including 5,000 rangers , for a total of 40,000 soldiers . The Army is supported by 3,000 civilian employees . It maintains regular forces units at bases across Canada , and is also responsible for the Army Reserve , the largest component of the Primary Reserve . The Commander of the Canadian Army and Chief of the Army Staff is Lieutenant-General Wayne Eyre . The name Canadian Army came into official use beginning only in 1940 ; from before Confederation until the Second World War the official designation was Canadian Militia . On 1 April 1966 , as a precursor to the unification of Canada 's armed services , all land forces , plus RCAF tactical units , were placed under a new command called Force Mobile Command . The Canadian Army persisted as a legal entity for two more years , before it amalgamated with the Royal Canadian Navy , and Royal Canadian Air Force to form a single service called the Canadian Armed Forces . Force Mobile Command was renamed Mobile Command in 1991-2 , and Land Force Command in 1993 . In August 2011 , Land Force Command reverted to the pre-1968 title of the Canadian Army ."}]}, {'value': 'Thomas George Johnston', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_George_Johnston', 'summary': "Thomas George Johnston ( August 4 , 1849 - July 4 , 1905 ) was a Canadian physician and politician . Born in Sarnia , Canada West , was educated at the public and grammar schools of Sarnia . He graduated in medicine from McGill College and took up his father 's practice in Sarnia . He was Mayor of Sarnia for two terms ( 1896 and 1897 ) and Chairman of the Board of Health and a School Trustee . He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada for Lambton West in an 1898 by-election . A Liberal , he was re-elected in 1900 and 1904 . He served in the Canadian militia and participated in the Fenian raids between 1866 and 1871 . He died in office in 1905 ."}]}, {'value': 'Liberal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada', 'summary': "The Liberal Party of Canada ( French : Parti libéral du Canada ) is the oldest and longest-serving political party in Canada . The party has dominated federal politics for much of Canada 's history , holding power for almost 70 years in the 20th century - more than any other party in a developed country - and as a result , it is sometimes referred to as Canada 's natural governing party . The party espouses the principles of liberalism , and generally sits at the centre to centre-left of the Canadian political spectrum , with the Conservative Party positioned to the centre-right and the New Democratic Party ( who at times aligned itself with the Liberals during minority governments ) , occupying the centre-left to left . Like their federal Conservative Party rivals , the party is often described as a big tent , attracting support from a broad spectrum of voters . In the late 1970s , Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau claimed that his Liberal Party adhered to the radical centre . The Liberals ' signature policies and legislative decisions include universal health care , the Canada Pension Plan , Canada Student Loans , peacekeeping , multilateralism , official bilingualism , official multiculturalism , patriating the Canadian constitution and the entrenchment of Canada 's Charter of Rights and Freedoms , the Clarity Act , legalizing same-sex marriage , euthanasia , and cannabis , national carbon pricing , and reproductive choice . In the 2015 federal election , the Liberal Party under Justin Trudeau had its best result since the 2000 election , winning 39.5 percent of the popular vote and 184 seats , gaining a majority of seats in the House of Commons . However , in the 2019 federal election , they lost their majority , winning 157 seats , but they still remained the largest party in the House ."}]}, {'value': 'Lambton West', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lambton_West', 'summary': 'Lambton West was a federal electoral district represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1883 to 1968 . It was located in the province of Ontario . This riding was created from parts of Lambton riding . The West Riding of the county of Lambton was initially defined to consist of the townships of Sarnia , Moore and Plympton , the town of Sarnia , and the villages of Wyoming , Forest and Point Edward .'}]}, {'value': 'December 14 , 1898', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Militia ( 1866 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alfred Gilpin Jones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alfred_Gilpin_Jones', 'summary': 'Alfred Gilpin Jones , PC ( September 28 , 1824 - March 15 , 1906 ) was a Canadian businessman , politician , and eighth Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia . Born in Weymouth , Nova Scotia , the son of Guy Carleton Jones and Frances Jones , he was a merchant and established his own firm , A. G. Jones and Company , in 1872 .'}]}, {'value': 'Anti-Confederate', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anti-Confederate', 'summary': 'Anti-Confederation was the name used in what is now Atlantic Canada by several parties opposed to Canadian Confederation . The Anti-Confederation parties were accordingly opposed by the Confederation Party .'}]}, {'value': 'Halifax', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Halifax_(electoral_district)', 'summary': "Halifax is a federal electoral district in Nova Scotia , Canada . It is one of a handful of ridings which has been represented continuously ( albeit with different boundaries ) in the House of Commons since Confederation in 1867 . The riding of Halifax includes the communities of Spryfield , Sambro , Herring Cove , Harrietsfield , Williamswood , Prospect , Purcell 's Cove , Armdale , Cowie Hill , Fairmount , Kline Heights , and the peninsula of Halifax ."}]}, {'value': 'September 20 , 1867', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Militia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Ford Jones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Ford_Jones', 'summary': 'David Ford Jones ( August 22 , 1818 - February 20 , 1887 ) was a Canadian manufacturer and political figure in Ontario . He represented Leeds South in the House of Commons of Canada as a Conservative member from 1874 to 1882 . He was born in Brockville , Ontario in 1818 , the oldest son of Jonas Jones and Mary Elizabeth Ford , and studied at Upper Canada College . Jones set up business at Gananoque manufacturing farming tools . He served with the local militia during the 1837 Rebellions . He commanded an artillery unit at Gananoque which saw service during the Fenian raids . Jones also served as warden for Leeds and Grenville Counties . He was an unsuccessful candidate for the assembly for the Province of Canada in 1863 , but was elected to the 8th Parliament of the Province of Canada representing South Leeds in an 1864 by-election held after Albert Norton Richards accepted the position of Solicitor General for Canada West . Jones did not run again in 1867 , but was elected to the House of Commons in 1874 and 1878 . Jones married Rebecca Ogden Roebuck . He died in Gananoque at the age of 68 .'}]}, {'value': 'Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_(historical)', 'summary': 'The Conservative Party of Canada has gone by a variety of names over the years since Canadian Confederation . Initially known as the Liberal-Conservative Party , it dropped Liberal from its name in 1873 , although many of its candidates continued to use this name . As a result of World War I and the Conscription Crisis of 1917 , the party joined with pro-conscription Liberals to become the Unionist Party , led by Robert Borden from 1917 to 1920 , and then the National Liberal and Conservative Party until 1922 . It then reverted to Liberal-Conservative Party until 1938 , when it became simply the National Conservative Party . It ran in the 1940 election as National Government even though it was in opposition . The party was almost always referred to as simply the Conservative Party or Tories .'}]}, {'value': 'Leeds South', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leeds_South', 'summary': 'Leeds South was a federal electoral district in Ontario , Canada , that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1867 to 1904 . It was created by the British North America Act of 1867 which divided the County of Leeds into two ridings : a north riding and a south riding . The north riding was combined with the North Riding of the County of Grenville . The riding did not change its boundaries during its existence . It consisted of the Townships of North Crosby , South Crosby , Burgess South , Bastard , Leeds , Lansdowne , Escott and Yonge . The electoral district was abolished in 1903 when it was merged into Leeds riding .'}]}, {'value': 'January 22 , 1874', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Militia ( 1837-1867 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Henry Frank Jones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henry_Frank_Jones', 'summary': 'Henry Frank Jones ( 21 August 1920 - 4 March 1964 ) was a Canadian lawyer and politician . Jones served as a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada . He was born in Lloydminster , Saskatchewan and became a barrister by career . He was first elected at the Saskatoon riding in the 1957 general election , then re-elected there for successive terms in 1958 , 1962 and 1963 . Jones died in office on 4 March 1964 , during his term in the 26th Canadian Parliament . Jones served as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Veterans Affairs from 1960 to 1963 .'}]}, {'value': 'Progressive Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada', 'summary': 'The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada ( French : Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada ; PC ) was a federal political party in Canada . In 2003 , the party membership voted to dissolve the party and merge with the Canadian Alliance to form the modern-day Conservative Party of Canada . One member of the Senate of Canada , Elaine McCoy , sat as an Independent Progressive Conservative until 2016 . The conservative parties in most Canadian provinces still use the Progressive Conservative name . Some PC Party members formed the Progressive Canadian Party , which has attracted only marginal support .'}]}, {'value': 'Saskatoon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saskatoon_(electoral_district)', 'summary': 'Saskatoon was a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan , Canada , that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1908 to 1935 and from 1949 to 1968 . This riding was created in 1907 from parts of Assiniboia West , Humboldt and Saskatchewan ridings . It was abolished in 1933 when it was redistributed into Rosthern and Saskatoon City ridings . It was recreated in 1947 from parts of Rosthern and Saskatoon City ridings , and abolished in 1966 when it was redistributed into Moose Jaw , Saskatoon - Biggar and Saskatoon - Humboldt ridings .'}]}, {'value': 'June 10 , 1957', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royal Canadian Air Force ( 1941-1945 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force', 'summary': "The Royal Canadian Air Force ( RCAF ; French : Aviation royale canadienne , ARC ) is the air force of Canada . Its role is to provide the Canadian Forces with relevant , responsive and effective airpower . The RCAF is one of three environmental commands within the unified Canadian Armed Forces . As of 2013 , the Royal Canadian Air Force consists of 14,500 Regular Force and 2,600 Primary Reserve personnel , supported by 2,500 civilians , and operates 258 manned aircraft and 9 unmanned aerial vehicles . Lieutenant-General Al Meinzinger is the current Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force and Chief of the Air Force Staff . The Royal Canadian Air Force is responsible for all aircraft operations of the Canadian Forces , enforcing the security of Canada 's airspace and providing aircraft to support the missions of the Royal Canadian Navy and the Canadian Army . The RCAF is a partner with the United States Air Force in protecting continental airspace under the North American Aerospace Defense Command ( NORAD ) . The RCAF also provides all primary air resources to and is responsible for the National Search and Rescue Program . The RCAF traces its history to the Canadian Air Force , which was formed in 1920 . The Canadian Air Force was granted royal sanction in 1924 by King George V to form the Royal Canadian Air Force . In 1968 , the RCAF was amalgamated with the Royal Canadian Navy and the Canadian Army , as part of the unification of the Canadian Forces . Air units were split between several different commands : Air Defence Command ( interceptors ) , Air Transport Command ( airlift , search and rescue ) , Mobile Command ( tactical fighters , helicopters ) , Maritime Command ( anti-submarine warfare , maritime patrol ) , as well as Training Command ."}]}, {'value': 'Leonard C. Jones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leonard_C._Jones', 'summary': 'Leonard C. Jones , Jr. ( June 4 , 1924 - June 23 , 1998 ) was a Canadian lawyer and politician , who served as mayor of the city of Moncton , New Brunswick , between 1963 and 1974 , and Member of Parliament for the constituency of Moncton between 1974 and 1979 .'}]}, {'value': 'Independent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Independent_(politician)', 'summary': 'An independent or nonpartisan politician is a politician not affiliated with any political party . There are numerous reasons why someone may stand for office as an independent .'}]}, {'value': 'Moncton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moncton_(electoral_district)', 'summary': 'Moncton - Riverview - Dieppe ( formerly known as Moncton ) is a federal electoral district in New Brunswick , Canada , that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1968 .'}]}, {'value': 'July 8 , 1974', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royal Canadian Air Force', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force', 'summary': "The Royal Canadian Air Force ( RCAF ; French : Aviation royale canadienne , ARC ) is the air force of Canada . Its role is to provide the Canadian Forces with relevant , responsive and effective airpower . The RCAF is one of three environmental commands within the unified Canadian Armed Forces . As of 2013 , the Royal Canadian Air Force consists of 14,500 Regular Force and 2,600 Primary Reserve personnel , supported by 2,500 civilians , and operates 258 manned aircraft and 9 unmanned aerial vehicles . Lieutenant-General Al Meinzinger is the current Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force and Chief of the Air Force Staff . The Royal Canadian Air Force is responsible for all aircraft operations of the Canadian Forces , enforcing the security of Canada 's airspace and providing aircraft to support the missions of the Royal Canadian Navy and the Canadian Army . The RCAF is a partner with the United States Air Force in protecting continental airspace under the North American Aerospace Defense Command ( NORAD ) . The RCAF also provides all primary air resources to and is responsible for the National Search and Rescue Program . The RCAF traces its history to the Canadian Air Force , which was formed in 1920 . The Canadian Air Force was granted royal sanction in 1924 by King George V to form the Royal Canadian Air Force . In 1968 , the RCAF was amalgamated with the Royal Canadian Navy and the Canadian Army , as part of the unification of the Canadian Forces . Air units were split between several different commands : Air Defence Command ( interceptors ) , Air Transport Command ( airlift , search and rescue ) , Mobile Command ( tactical fighters , helicopters ) , Maritime Command ( anti-submarine warfare , maritime patrol ) , as well as Training Command ."}]}, {'value': 'Owen Lewis Jones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Owen_Lewis_Jones', 'summary': 'Owen Lewis Jones ( 6 February 1890 - 5 November 1964 ) was a Member of Parliament of the House of Commons of Canada , representing the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation . He was born in Newborough , Anglesey , Wales . Before being elected to Parliament , he was an owner and operator of furniture stores in the Kelowna and Penticton region of British Columbia . He was also a Kelowna City Councillor and mayor of Kelowna , British Columbia . After two unsuccessful attempts to win the Yale riding in the 1940 and 1945 federal elections , Jones won a by-election held on 31 May 1948 which was called when incumbent member Grote Stirling resigned due to poor health . Jones was re-elected at Yale in the 1949 federal election then following a change in electoral district boundaries , he won re-election at the Okanagan Boundary riding in 1953 . Jones was defeated by Frank Christian of the Social Credit Party in the 1957 election . Jones made two further attempts to win back the Okanagan Boundary seat in 1958 and 1962 but was defeated on those occasions by David Vaughan Pugh of the Progressive Conservative Party .'}]}, {'value': 'Cooperative Commonwealth Federation', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cooperative_Commonwealth_Federation', 'summary': 'The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation ( CCF ) ( French : Fédération du Commonwealth Coopératif , from 1955 the Parti social démocratique du Canada ) was a social-democratic and democratic socialist political party in Canada . The CCF was founded in 1932 in Calgary , Alberta , by a number of socialist , agrarian , co-operative , and labour groups , and the League for Social Reconstruction . In 1944 , the CCF formed the first social-democratic government in North America when it was elected to form the provincial government in Saskatchewan . In 1961 , the CCF was succeeded by the New Democratic Party ( NDP ) . The full , but little used , name of the party was Co-operative Commonwealth Federation ( Farmer-Labour-Socialist ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Yale', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yale_(electoral_district)', 'summary': "Yale was a federal electoral district in British Columbia , Canada , that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1872 to 1892 and from 1917 to 1953 . It first appeared when the original Yale District riding , which was created and filled by special byelection in 1871 at the time of BC 's entry into the Canadian Confederation , was abolished and replaced by Yale riding . Yale riding spanned both Yale and Kootenay Land Districts , that is to say , the entirety of the southern province from the Fraser Canyon to the Rockies . It was last used in the 1891 election , and was merged in 1892 with the Cariboo riding to form Yale - Cariboo . That arrangement lasted until 1914 when a further redistribution separated Yale and Cariboo once again . This second incarnation was considerably smaller than the first because Kootenay district was now in a different riding . In 1903 , the riding of Kootenay was split off from what had been the original Yale riding . The new Yale riding excluded the Town of Yale , and when it was reconstituted , coincided with the provincial Okanagan riding except for the city of Salmon Arm . The new incarnation of Yale lasted until the 1952 , when the Yale name vanished from the Commons and the Okanagan ridings , Okanagan Boundary and Okanagan - Revelstoke were created . The old core area around the town of historic and once-important Yale , which has long since became depopulated by being bypassed by massive growth elsewhere , was attached to the Fraser Valley riding , then to its successor Fraser Valley East , and then to today 's Chilliwack - Fraser Canyon . It was not in the second incarnation of the Yale riding when it was reconstituted in 1914 ."}]}, {'value': 'May 31 , 1948', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'British Army ( 1914-1918 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/British_Army', 'summary': "The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom , a part of British Armed Forces . As of 2019 [ update ] , the British Army comprises just over 79,300 trained regular ( full-time ) personnel and just over 27,200 trained reserve ( part-time ) personnel . The modern British Army traces back to 1707 , with an antecedent in the English Army that was created during the Restoration in 1660 . The term British Army was adopted in 1707 after the Acts of Union between England and Scotland . Members of the British Army swear allegiance to the monarch as their commander-in-chief , but the Bill of Rights of 1689 requires parliamentary consent for the Crown to maintain a peacetime standing army . Therefore , Parliament approves the army by passing an Armed Forces Act at least once every five years . The army is administered by the Ministry of Defence and commanded by the Chief of the General Staff . The British Army has seen action in major wars between the world 's great powers , including the Seven Years ' War , the Napoleonic Wars , the Crimean War and the First and Second World Wars . Britain 's victories in these decisive wars allowed it to influence world events and establish itself as one of the world 's leading military and economic powers . Since the end of the Cold War , the British Army has been deployed to a number of conflict zones , often as part of an expeditionary force , a coalition force or part of a United Nations peacekeeping operation ."}]}, {'value': 'Warner H. Jorgenson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warner_H._Jorgenson', 'summary': 'Warner Herbert Jorgenson ( 26 March 1918 - 30 July 2005 ) was a Canadian politician in Manitoba . He served as a Progressive Conservative member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1957 to 1968 , and as a Progressive Conservative member of the Manitoba Legislature from 1969 to 1981 . From 1977 to 1981 , he was a cabinet minister in the provincial government of Sterling Lyon .'}]}, {'value': 'Progressive Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada', 'summary': 'The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada ( French : Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada ; PC ) was a federal political party in Canada . In 2003 , the party membership voted to dissolve the party and merge with the Canadian Alliance to form the modern-day Conservative Party of Canada . One member of the Senate of Canada , Elaine McCoy , sat as an Independent Progressive Conservative until 2016 . The conservative parties in most Canadian provinces still use the Progressive Conservative name . Some PC Party members formed the Progressive Canadian Party , which has attracted only marginal support .'}]}, {'value': 'Provencher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Provencher_(electoral_district)', 'summary': 'Provencher is a federal electoral district in Manitoba , Canada , that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1871 . It is primarily a rural district . Its largest community is the city of Steinbach .'}]}, {'value': 'June 10 , 1957', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canadian Army ( 1940-1946 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canadian_Army', 'summary': "The Canadian Army ( French : Armée canadienne ) is the command responsible for the operational readiness of the conventional ground forces of the Canadian Armed Forces . As of 2018 [ update ] the Army has 23,000 regular soldiers , about 19,000 reserve soldiers , including 5,000 rangers , for a total of 40,000 soldiers . The Army is supported by 3,000 civilian employees . It maintains regular forces units at bases across Canada , and is also responsible for the Army Reserve , the largest component of the Primary Reserve . The Commander of the Canadian Army and Chief of the Army Staff is Lieutenant-General Wayne Eyre . The name Canadian Army came into official use beginning only in 1940 ; from before Confederation until the Second World War the official designation was Canadian Militia . On 1 April 1966 , as a precursor to the unification of Canada 's armed services , all land forces , plus RCAF tactical units , were placed under a new command called Force Mobile Command . The Canadian Army persisted as a legal entity for two more years , before it amalgamated with the Royal Canadian Navy , and Royal Canadian Air Force to form a single service called the Canadian Armed Forces . Force Mobile Command was renamed Mobile Command in 1991-2 , and Land Force Command in 1993 . In August 2011 , Land Force Command reverted to the pre-1968 title of the Canadian Army ."}]}, {'value': 'Douglas Jung', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Douglas_Jung', 'summary': 'Douglas Jung , CM OBC CD ( traditional Chinese : 鄭天華 ; simplified Chinese : 郑天华 ; pinyin : Zhèng Tiānhuá ; February 24 , 1924 - January 4 , 2002 ) was a Canadian lawyer and politician . A Conservative , he was the first member of a visible minority elected to the Parliament of Canada , as well as the first Canadian Member of Parliament ( MP ) of Chinese and Asian descent in the House of Commons of Canada .'}]}, {'value': 'Progressive Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada', 'summary': 'The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada ( French : Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada ; PC ) was a federal political party in Canada . In 2003 , the party membership voted to dissolve the party and merge with the Canadian Alliance to form the modern-day Conservative Party of Canada . One member of the Senate of Canada , Elaine McCoy , sat as an Independent Progressive Conservative until 2016 . The conservative parties in most Canadian provinces still use the Progressive Conservative name . Some PC Party members formed the Progressive Canadian Party , which has attracted only marginal support .'}]}, {'value': 'Vancouver Centre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vancouver_Centre', 'summary': 'Vancouver Centre ( French : Vancouver-Centre ) is a federal electoral district in British Columbia , Canada , that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1917 .'}]}, {'value': 'June 10 , 1957', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canadian Army ( 1943-1946 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canadian_Army', 'summary': "The Canadian Army ( French : Armée canadienne ) is the command responsible for the operational readiness of the conventional ground forces of the Canadian Armed Forces . As of 2018 [ update ] the Army has 23,000 regular soldiers , about 19,000 reserve soldiers , including 5,000 rangers , for a total of 40,000 soldiers . The Army is supported by 3,000 civilian employees . It maintains regular forces units at bases across Canada , and is also responsible for the Army Reserve , the largest component of the Primary Reserve . The Commander of the Canadian Army and Chief of the Army Staff is Lieutenant-General Wayne Eyre . The name Canadian Army came into official use beginning only in 1940 ; from before Confederation until the Second World War the official designation was Canadian Militia . On 1 April 1966 , as a precursor to the unification of Canada 's armed services , all land forces , plus RCAF tactical units , were placed under a new command called Force Mobile Command . The Canadian Army persisted as a legal entity for two more years , before it amalgamated with the Royal Canadian Navy , and Royal Canadian Air Force to form a single service called the Canadian Armed Forces . Force Mobile Command was renamed Mobile Command in 1991-2 , and Land Force Command in 1993 . In August 2011 , Land Force Command reverted to the pre-1968 title of the Canadian Army ."}]}, {'value': 'Alex Jupp', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alex_Jupp', 'summary': "George Alexander ( Alex ) Jupp ( 30 May 1927 - 23 November 2018 ) was a Canadian teacher , businessman and politician . Jupp was a Progressive Conservative party member of the House of Commons of Canada . He represented Ontario 's Mississauga North electoral district which he won in the 1979 federal election . After serving his only term , the 31st Canadian Parliament , he was defeated in the 1980 federal election by Douglas Fisher of the Liberal party . He died at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre in Toronto in November 2018 at the age of 91 ."}]}, {'value': 'Progressive Conservative', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Progressive_Conservative_Party_of_Canada', 'summary': 'The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada ( French : Parti progressiste-conservateur du Canada ; PC ) was a federal political party in Canada . In 2003 , the party membership voted to dissolve the party and merge with the Canadian Alliance to form the modern-day Conservative Party of Canada . One member of the Senate of Canada , Elaine McCoy , sat as an Independent Progressive Conservative until 2016 . The conservative parties in most Canadian provinces still use the Progressive Conservative name . Some PC Party members formed the Progressive Canadian Party , which has attracted only marginal support .'}]}, {'value': 'Mississauga North', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mississauga_North', 'summary': 'Mississauga North /ˌmɪsɪˈsɔːɡə/ was a federal electoral district in Ontario , Canada , that was represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1979 to 1988 . This riding was created in 1976 from parts of Halton and Mississauga ridings . It consisted of the part of the City of Mississauga , Ontario , lying north of a line drawn ( from west to east ) along Highway No . 5 , Cawthra Road , and the Queen Elizabeth Way . The electoral district was abolished in 1987 when it was redistributed between Mississauga East , Mississauga West and Mississauga South ridings .'}]}, {'value': 'May 22 , 1979', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canadian Army ( 1944-1946 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canadian_Army', 'summary': "The Canadian Army ( French : Armée canadienne ) is the command responsible for the operational readiness of the conventional ground forces of the Canadian Armed Forces . As of 2018 [ update ] the Army has 23,000 regular soldiers , about 19,000 reserve soldiers , including 5,000 rangers , for a total of 40,000 soldiers . The Army is supported by 3,000 civilian employees . It maintains regular forces units at bases across Canada , and is also responsible for the Army Reserve , the largest component of the Primary Reserve . The Commander of the Canadian Army and Chief of the Army Staff is Lieutenant-General Wayne Eyre . The name Canadian Army came into official use beginning only in 1940 ; from before Confederation until the Second World War the official designation was Canadian Militia . On 1 April 1966 , as a precursor to the unification of Canada 's armed services , all land forces , plus RCAF tactical units , were placed under a new command called Force Mobile Command . The Canadian Army persisted as a legal entity for two more years , before it amalgamated with the Royal Canadian Navy , and Royal Canadian Air Force to form a single service called the Canadian Armed Forces . Force Mobile Command was renamed Mobile Command in 1991-2 , and Land Force Command in 1993 . In August 2011 , Land Force Command reverted to the pre-1968 title of the Canadian Army ."}]}, {'value': 'René Jutras', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/René_Jutras', 'summary': 'René Jutras ( September 30 , 1913 - December 23 , 1995 ) was a Canadian politician . Born in Letellier , Manitoba , the son Joseph Jutras and Clara Blais , he attended St. Boniface College and received a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Manitoba . During World War II , he served in the Royal Canadian Air Force . He was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the riding of Provencher in the 1940 federal election . A Liberal , he served until he was defeated in the 1957 election .'}]}, {'value': 'Liberal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada', 'summary': "The Liberal Party of Canada ( French : Parti libéral du Canada ) is the oldest and longest-serving political party in Canada . The party has dominated federal politics for much of Canada 's history , holding power for almost 70 years in the 20th century - more than any other party in a developed country - and as a result , it is sometimes referred to as Canada 's natural governing party . The party espouses the principles of liberalism , and generally sits at the centre to centre-left of the Canadian political spectrum , with the Conservative Party positioned to the centre-right and the New Democratic Party ( who at times aligned itself with the Liberals during minority governments ) , occupying the centre-left to left . Like their federal Conservative Party rivals , the party is often described as a big tent , attracting support from a broad spectrum of voters . In the late 1970s , Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau claimed that his Liberal Party adhered to the radical centre . The Liberals ' signature policies and legislative decisions include universal health care , the Canada Pension Plan , Canada Student Loans , peacekeeping , multilateralism , official bilingualism , official multiculturalism , patriating the Canadian constitution and the entrenchment of Canada 's Charter of Rights and Freedoms , the Clarity Act , legalizing same-sex marriage , euthanasia , and cannabis , national carbon pricing , and reproductive choice . In the 2015 federal election , the Liberal Party under Justin Trudeau had its best result since the 2000 election , winning 39.5 percent of the popular vote and 184 seats , gaining a majority of seats in the House of Commons . However , in the 2019 federal election , they lost their majority , winning 157 seats , but they still remained the largest party in the House ."}]}, {'value': 'Provencher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Provencher_(electoral_district)', 'summary': 'Provencher is a federal electoral district in Manitoba , Canada , that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1871 . It is primarily a rural district . Its largest community is the city of Steinbach .'}]}, {'value': 'March 26 , 1940', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royal Canadian Air Force', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force', 'summary': "The Royal Canadian Air Force ( RCAF ; French : Aviation royale canadienne , ARC ) is the air force of Canada . Its role is to provide the Canadian Forces with relevant , responsive and effective airpower . The RCAF is one of three environmental commands within the unified Canadian Armed Forces . As of 2013 , the Royal Canadian Air Force consists of 14,500 Regular Force and 2,600 Primary Reserve personnel , supported by 2,500 civilians , and operates 258 manned aircraft and 9 unmanned aerial vehicles . Lieutenant-General Al Meinzinger is the current Commander of the Royal Canadian Air Force and Chief of the Air Force Staff . The Royal Canadian Air Force is responsible for all aircraft operations of the Canadian Forces , enforcing the security of Canada 's airspace and providing aircraft to support the missions of the Royal Canadian Navy and the Canadian Army . The RCAF is a partner with the United States Air Force in protecting continental airspace under the North American Aerospace Defense Command ( NORAD ) . The RCAF also provides all primary air resources to and is responsible for the National Search and Rescue Program . The RCAF traces its history to the Canadian Air Force , which was formed in 1920 . The Canadian Air Force was granted royal sanction in 1924 by King George V to form the Royal Canadian Air Force . In 1968 , the RCAF was amalgamated with the Royal Canadian Navy and the Canadian Army , as part of the unification of the Canadian Forces . Air units were split between several different commands : Air Defence Command ( interceptors ) , Air Transport Command ( airlift , search and rescue ) , Mobile Command ( tactical fighters , helicopters ) , Maritime Command ( anti-submarine warfare , maritime patrol ) , as well as Training Command ."}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'vte.mw-parser-output .navbox-canada .navbox-title , .mw-parser-output .navbox-canada th , .mw-parser-output .navbox-canada .navbox-group , .mw-parser-output .navbox-canada .navbox-abovebelow , .mw-parser-output .navbox-canada .navbox-subgroup , .mw-parser-output .navbox-canada .navbox-odd , .mw-parser-output .navbox-canada .navbox-even { background-color : white } .mw-parser-output .navbox-canada .navbox-list .collapsible .navbox-title { box-shadow : inset 1px 1px 0 # ed2e38 , inset -1px -1px 0 # ed2e38 } .mw-parser-output .navbox-canada-a { box-shadow : inset 1px 1px 0 # ed2e38 , inset -1px -1px 0 # ed2e38 } .mw-parser-output .navbox-canada-t { box-shadow : inset 0 1px 0 0 # ed2e38 } .mw-parser-output .navbox-canada-b { box-shadow : inset 0 -1px 0 0 # ed2e38 } .mw-parser-output .navbox-canada-tb { box-shadow : inset 0 1px 0 0 # ed2e38 , inset 0 -1px 0 0 # ed2e38 } Lists of Members of the Canadian House of Commons in military service A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z', 'uid': 'List_of_Members_of_the_Canadian_House_of_Commons_with_military_service_(J)_0', 'intro': 'N/A'}
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Who won his seat in the House of Commons of Canada in 1953 with a party that formed the first social-democratic government in North America ?
Merv Johnson
04948667ff26aec9
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Phoenix', 'title': 'River Phoenix', 'header': ['Year', 'Title', 'Role', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': '1985', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Explorers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Explorers_(film)', 'summary': "Explorers is a 1985 American science fiction fantasy film written by Eric Luke and directed by Joe Dante . The film stars Ethan Hawke , River Phoenix ( in their film debuts ) , and Jason Presson as teenage boys who build a spacecraft to explore outer space . The special effects were produced by Industrial Light & Magic , with make-up effects by Rob Bottin . Rushed into production , the film was never properly finished . Dante revealed that the studio demanded that he stop editing and rush for a July release where it was overshadowed by the Live Aid concert , which was held one day after the film 's release and stiff competition from Back to the Future , which opened nine days prior . It was a box office flop upon its release , but it attracted a cult following with its VHS release ."}]}, {'value': 'Wolfgang Müller', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nominated - Young Artist Award for Exceptional Performance by a Young Actor - Motion Picture', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Young_Artist_Awards', 'summary': 'The Young Artist Award ( originally known as the Youth in Film Award ) is an accolade presented by the Young Artist Association , a non-profit organization founded in 1978 to honor excellence of youth performers , and to provide scholarships for young artists who may be physically disabled or financially unstable . First presented in 1979 , the Young Artist Awards was the first organization established to specifically recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 18 in the fields of film , television , theater and music . The 1st Youth In Film Awards ceremony was held in October 1979 , at the Sheraton Universal Hotel in Hollywood to honor outstanding young performers of the 1978/1979 season . The 38th Annual Young Artist Awards ceremony , honoring young performers of 2016 , was held at the Alex Theatre in Los Angeles , California on March 17 , 2017 .'}]}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stand by Me', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stand_by_Me_(film)', 'summary': "Stand by Me is a 1986 American coming-of-age film directed by Rob Reiner and based on Stephen King 's 1982 novella The Body , with a title derived from Ben E. King 's song . The film stars Wil Wheaton , River Phoenix , Corey Feldman , and Jerry O'Connell ( in his debut film ) . In Stand by Me , four boys in 1959 Castle Rock , Oregon , go on a hike to find the dead body of a missing boy . The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and two Golden Globe Awards : one for Best Drama Motion Picture and one for Best Director ."}]}, {'value': 'Chris Chambers', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Jackie Coogan Award shared with Wil Wheaton , Corey Feldman and Jerry O'Connell", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Young_Artist_Awards', 'summary': 'The Young Artist Award ( originally known as the Youth in Film Award ) is an accolade presented by the Young Artist Association , a non-profit organization founded in 1978 to honor excellence of youth performers , and to provide scholarships for young artists who may be physically disabled or financially unstable . First presented in 1979 , the Young Artist Awards was the first organization established to specifically recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 18 in the fields of film , television , theater and music . The 1st Youth In Film Awards ceremony was held in October 1979 , at the Sheraton Universal Hotel in Hollywood to honor outstanding young performers of the 1978/1979 season . The 38th Annual Young Artist Awards ceremony , honoring young performers of 2016 , was held at the Alex Theatre in Los Angeles , California on March 17 , 2017 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wil_Wheaton', 'summary': 'Richard William Wheaton III ( born July 29 , 1972 ) is an American actor , blogger , and writer . He portrayed Wesley Crusher on the television series Star Trek : The Next Generation , Gordie Lachance in the film Stand by Me , Joey Trotta in Toy Soldiers and Bennett Hoenicker in Flubber . Wheaton has also appeared in recurring roles as Aqualad in Teen Titans , Cosmic Boy on the Legion of Super Heroes and Mike Morningstar/Darkstar in the Ben 10 universe . He also appeared regularly as a fictionalized version of himself on the CBS sitcom The Big Bang Theory and in the roles of Fawkes on The Guild , Colin Mason on Leverage and Dr. Isaac Parrish on Eureka . Wheaton is also the host and co-creator of the YouTube board game show TableTop .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Corey_Feldman', 'summary': 'Corey Scott Feldman ( born July 16 , 1971 ) is an American actor , voice actor , and singer . He became well known during the 1980s , with roles as a youth in films such as Gremlins ( 1984 ) , The Goonies ( 1985 ) and Stand by Me ( 1986 ) . In 1987 , Feldman starred in the horror comedy film The Lost Boys with Corey Haim ; they became known as The Two Coreys and went on to appear in other films together , including License to Drive ( 1988 ) and Dream a Little Dream ( 1989 ) .'}, {'url': "/wiki/Jerry_O'Connell", 'summary': "Jeremiah O'Connell ( born February 17 , 1974 ) is an American actor , director and talk show host , known for his roles as Quinn Mallory in the television series Sliders , Andrew Clements in My Secret Identity , Vern Tessio in the film Stand by Me ( 1986 ) , Joe in Joe 's Apartment ( 1996 ) , Frank Cushman in Jerry Maguire ( 1996 ) , Derek in Scream 2 ( 1997 ) , Charlie Carbone in Kangaroo Jack ( 2003 ) , and Detective Woody Hoyt on the drama Crossing Jordan . He starred as Pete Kaczmarek in the single 2010-11 season of The Defenders . He also had a starring role in the comedy horror film Piranha 3D ( 2010 ) ."}]}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Mosquito Coast', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Mosquito_Coast', 'summary': "The Mosquito Coast is a 1986 American drama film directed by Peter Weir and starring Harrison Ford , Helen Mirren , Andre Gregory , and River Phoenix . It is based on the novel of the same name by Paul Theroux . The film tells the story of a family that leaves the United States and tries to find a happier and simpler life in the jungles of Central America . However , their jungle paradise quickly turns into a dystopia as their stubborn father 's behavior becomes increasingly erratic and aggressive . It was shot in the cities of Cartersville and Rome in Georgia , in addition to Baltimore , Maryland , and Belize ."}]}, {'value': 'Charlie Fox', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nominated - Young Artist Award for Best Young Male Superstar in Motion Pictures', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Young_Artist_Awards', 'summary': 'The Young Artist Award ( originally known as the Youth in Film Award ) is an accolade presented by the Young Artist Association , a non-profit organization founded in 1978 to honor excellence of youth performers , and to provide scholarships for young artists who may be physically disabled or financially unstable . First presented in 1979 , the Young Artist Awards was the first organization established to specifically recognize and award the contributions of performers under the age of 18 in the fields of film , television , theater and music . The 1st Youth In Film Awards ceremony was held in October 1979 , at the Sheraton Universal Hotel in Hollywood to honor outstanding young performers of the 1978/1979 season . The 38th Annual Young Artist Awards ceremony , honoring young performers of 2016 , was held at the Alex Theatre in Los Angeles , California on March 17 , 2017 .'}]}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A Night in the Life of Jimmy Reardon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A_Night_in_the_Life_of_Jimmy_Reardon', 'summary': "A Night in the Life of Jimmy Reardon , also known as Are n't You Even Gon na Kiss Me Goodbye ? , is a 1988 American coming of age drama film written and directed by William Richert and starring River Phoenix , Ann Magnuson , Meredith Salenger , Matthew Perry , Ione Skye , and Louanne . It is based upon the novel Are n't You Even Gon na Kiss Me Goodbye ? , also by William Richert . The story centers on a high school graduate who must decide if he wants to go to business school at the request of his father , or go his own way and find a full-time job , while also deciding on who he wants to be in life and if he should leave his house . A Night in the Life of Jimmy Reardon was filmed in 1986 and released in early 1988 . The released film deviates considerably from the original director 's cut , which is now available under the title Are n't You Even Gon na Kiss Me Goodbye ? ."}]}, {'value': 'Jimmy Reardon', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Little Nikita', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Little_Nikita', 'summary': 'Little Nikita is a 1988 American cult drama film directed by Richard Benjamin and starring River Phoenix and Sidney Poitier . The film marks the first collaboration between Phoenix and Poitier ( the second being Sneakers in 1992 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Jeff Grant', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Running on Empty', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Running_on_Empty_(1988_film)', 'summary': 'Running on Empty is a 1988 drama film directed by Sidney Lumet and starring River Phoenix , Judd Hirsch , Christine Lahti , and Martha Plimpton . It was produced by Lorimar Television . It is the story of a counterculture couple on the run from the FBI , and how one of their sons starts to break out of this fugitive lifestyle . Phoenix was nominated for the Oscar for Best Supporting Actor for his role in the film ; Naomi Foner was nominated for Best Original Screenplay . Phoenix was nominated for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role at the Golden Globes ; Lahti was nominated for Best Performance by an Actress . The film was nominated for Best Director and Best Motion Picture ( Drama ) , and it won a Golden Globe for Best Screenplay . Plimpton was nominated for a Young Artist Award for Best Young Actress in a Motion Picture . In a backstage interview on March 21 , 1989 , at the 61st Academy Awards Nominees Luncheon , Phoenix expressed his wishes for the film to have a sequel . The film marked the second time that Phoenix and Plimpton played romantic interests , having co-starred in the film The Mosquito Coast two years earlier .'}]}, {'value': 'Danny Pope', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actor Nominated - Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor Nominated - Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor', 'summary': 'The National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actor is one of the annual film awards given ( since 1954 ) by the National Board of Review of Motion Pictures .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor', 'summary': "The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor ( often referred to as the Oscar for Best Supporting Actor ) is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) . It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry . The award was traditionally presented by the previous year 's Best Supporting Actress winner . At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937 , Walter Brennan was the first winner of this award for his role in Come and Get It . Initially , winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded plaques instead of statuettes . Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944 , however , winners received full-sized statuettes . Currently , nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS ; winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy . Since its inception , the award has been given to 74 actors . Brennan has received the most awards in this category with three awards . Brennan , Jeff Bridges , Robert Duvall , Arthur Kennedy , Jack Nicholson , Claude Rains , and Al Pacino were nominated on four occasions , more than any other actor . As of the 2020 ceremony , Brad Pitt is the most recent winner in this category for his role as Cliff Booth in Once Upon a Time in Hollywood ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor_-_Motion_Picture', 'summary': "The Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture was first awarded by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association in 1944 for a performance in a motion picture released in the previous year . The formal title has varied since its inception ; since 2005 , the award has officially been called Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture . Six actors have won the award twice : Richard Attenborough , Edmund Gwenn , Martin Landau , Edmond O'Brien , Christoph Waltz and Brad Pitt ."}]}, {'value': '1989', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indiana_Jones_and_the_Last_Crusade', 'summary': "Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade is a 1989 American action-adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg , from a story co-written by executive producer George Lucas . It is the third installment in the Indiana Jones franchise . Harrison Ford reprises the title role , while his father is portrayed by Sean Connery . Other cast members featured include Alison Doody , Denholm Elliott , Julian Glover , River Phoenix , and John Rhys-Davies . In the film , set largely in 1938 , Indiana searches for his father , a Holy Grail scholar , who has been kidnapped by Nazis . After the mixed reaction to Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom , Spielberg chose to tone down the gore in the next installment . During the five years between Temple of Doom and Last Crusade , he and executive producer Lucas reviewed several scripts before accepting Jeffrey Boam 's . Filming locations included Spain , Italy , West Germany , Jordan , the United Kingdom , and the United States . The film was released in North America on May 24 , 1989 to mostly positive reviews and a financial success , earning $ 474.2 million at the worldwide box office totals . It won an Oscar for Best Sound Effects Editing . It is the first film in the franchise to receive a PG-13 rating , as the previous installments were rated PG , because the PG-13 rating was n't established at the time those films were released ."}]}, {'value': 'Young Indiana Jones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indiana_Jones', 'summary': "Dr. Henry Walton Indiana Jones Jr. is the title character and protagonist of the Indiana Jones franchise . George Lucas created the character in homage to the action heroes of 1930s film serials . The character first appeared in the 1981 film Raiders of the Lost Ark , to be followed by Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom in 1984 , Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade in 1989 , The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles from 1992 to 1996 , and Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull in 2008 . The character is also featured in novels , comics , video games , and other media . Jones is also featured in several Disney theme parks , including the Indiana Jones Adventure , Indiana Jones et le Temple du Péril , Indiana Jones Adventure : Temple of the Crystal Skull , and Epic Stunt Spectacular ! attractions . Jones is most famously portrayed by Harrison Ford and has also been portrayed by River Phoenix ( as the young Jones in The Last Crusade ) and in the television series The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles by Corey Carrier , Sean Patrick Flanery , and George Hall . Doug Lee has supplied the voice of Jones for two LucasArts video games , Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis and Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine , David Esch supplied his voice for Indiana Jones and the Emperor 's Tomb , and John Armstrong for Indiana Jones and the Staff of Kings . Jones is characterized by his iconic accoutrements ( bullwhip , fedora , satchel , and leather jacket ) , wry , witty and sarcastic sense of humor , deep knowledge of ancient civilizations and languages , and fear of snakes . Since his first appearance in Raiders of the Lost Ark , Indiana Jones has become one of cinema 's most famous characters . In 2003 , the American Film Institute ranked him the second greatest film hero of all time . He was also named the 1st Greatest Movie Character by Empire magazine ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'I Love You to Death', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/I_Love_You_to_Death', 'summary': 'I Love You to Death is a 1990 American black comedy film directed by Lawrence Kasdan and starring an ensemble cast featuring Kevin Kline , Tracey Ullman , Joan Plowright , River Phoenix , William Hurt , and Keanu Reeves . The screenplay by John Kostmayer is loosely based on an attempted murder that happened in 1983 , in Allentown , Pennsylvania , where Frances Toto repeatedly tried to kill her husband , Anthony . She spent four years in prison for attempted murder and was released in 1988 .'}]}, {'value': 'Devo Nod', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dogfight', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dogfight_(film)', 'summary': 'Dogfight is a 1991 film set in San Francisco , California , during the Vietnam War ( 1963 - 1966 ) . It stars River Phoenix , Lili Taylor , and E.G . Daily , and was directed by Nancy Savoca . The film explores the love between an 18-year-old Marine , Lance Corporal Eddie Birdlace , on his way to Vietnam , and a young woman , Rose Fenny .'}]}, {'value': 'Eddie Birdlace', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'My Own Private Idaho', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/My_Own_Private_Idaho', 'summary': "My Own Private Idaho is a 1991 American independent adventure drama film written and directed by Gus Van Sant , loosely based on Shakespeare 's Henry IV , Part 1 , Henry IV , Part 2 , and Henry V , and starring River Phoenix and Keanu Reeves . The story follows two friends , Mike and Scott , as they embark on a journey of personal discovery that takes them from Portland , Oregon to Mike 's hometown in Idaho , and then to Rome in search of Mike 's mother . Van Sant originally wrote the screenplay in the 1970s , but discarded it after reading John Rechy 's 1963 novel City of Night and concluding that Rechy 's treatment of the subject of street hustlers was better than his own . Over the years , Van Sant rewrote the script , which comprised two stories : that of Mike and the search for his mother , and Scott 's story as a modern update of the Henry IV plays . Van Sant had difficulty getting Hollywood financing , and at one point considered making the film on a minuscule budget with a cast of actual street kids . After he sent copies of his script to Reeves , and Reeves then showed it to Phoenix , both agreed to star in the film on each other 's behalf . My Own Private Idaho had its premiere at the 48th Venice International Film Festival , and received largely positive reviews from critics including Roger Ebert and those of The New York Times and Entertainment Weekly . The film was a moderate financial success , grossing over $ 6.4 million in North America , above its estimated budget of $ 2.5 million . Phoenix received several awards for his performance in the film , including the Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the 1991 Venice Film Festival , Best Male Lead from the Independent Spirit Awards , and Best Actor from the National Society of Film Critics . My Own Private Idaho is considered a landmark film in the New Queer Cinema movement , an early 1990s movement in queer-themed independent filmmaking . Since its 1991 release , the film has grown in popularity and been deemed as a cult classic , especially among LGBT audiences . The film is notable for its then-taboo subject matter and avant-garde style ."}]}, {'value': 'Mikey Waters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mikey_Waters', 'summary': "Michael Waters is a fictional character in Gus Van Sant 's My Own Private Idaho , portrayed by River Phoenix . He is a sensitive , homeless teenage hustler who suffers from narcolepsy , directly foiling his best friend , Scott Favor ( Keanu Reeves ) , who is a type-A personality hustler from a rich , influential family . Mike , a vagabond searching for his mother , proclaims himself as a connoisseur of roads because he has been tasting roads all [ his ] life . Mikey remains one of the defining characters of New Queer Cinema and , due to the impressive critical reception , is a crucial role in River Phoenix 's success and influence as an actor . For example , Eric Alan Edwards , one of the film 's directors of photography , said that River Phoenix really wore the role because he looked like a street kid ."}]}, {'value': 'Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actor Volpi Cup for Best Actor Nominated - New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor ( 2nd place )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Independent_Spirit_Award_for_Best_Male_Lead', 'summary': 'The Independent Spirit Award for Best Male Lead is an award presented annually at the Independent Spirit Awards to honor of an actor who has delivered an outstanding lead performance in the independent film .'}, {'url': '/wiki/National_Society_of_Film_Critics_Award_for_Best_Actor', 'summary': 'The National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actor is an annual award given by the National Society of Film Critics to honor the best leading actor of the year .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Volpi_Cup_for_Best_Actor', 'summary': "The Volpi Cup ( Italian : Coppa Volpi ) is the principal award given to actors at the Venice Film Festival and is named in honor of Count Giuseppe Volpi di Misurata , the founder of the Venice Film Festival . The name and number of prizes have been changed several times since their introduction , ranging from two to four awards per edition and sometimes acknowledging both leading and supporting performances . The festival was officially competitive for the first time in 1934 . The acting award was named Grande medaglia d'oro dell'Associazione Nazionale Fascista dello Spettacolo per il migliore attore ( Great Gold Medal of the National Fascist Association for Entertainment for the Best Actor ) . After a four-year hiatus caused by the war , the festival was once again competitive in 1947 . The acting award in the immediate post-war period was named Premio Internazionale per il migliore attore ( International Award for the Best Actor ) . The festival was again competitive in 1980 but the acting awards given by the competition jury were not reinstated until 1983 : the prizes were no longer called Coppa Volpi ( Volpi Cup ) but were simply referred to as Premio per il migliore attore ( Best Actor Award ) . The winners did not receive cup-shaped awards but were instead given rectangular plaques . In 1988 , for the first time in 20 years , the most recognizable prizes of the festival were re-established . The two acting award was officially named Coppa Volpi per la migliore interpretazione maschile ( Volpi Cup for the Best Actor ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1991_New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Awards', 'summary': 'The 57th New York Film Critics Circle Awards , honoring the best filmmaking of 1991 , were announced on 17 December 1991 and presented on 12 January 1992 .'}]}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sneakers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sneakers_(1992_film)', 'summary': 'Sneakers is a 1992 American comedy caper film directed by Phil Alden Robinson , written by Robinson , Walter Parkes , and Lawrence Lasker , and starring Robert Redford , Dan Aykroyd , Ben Kingsley , Mary McDonnell , River Phoenix , Sidney Poitier and David Strathairn ; the film was released by Universal Pictures .'}]}, {'value': 'Carl Arbogast', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Thing Called Love', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Thing_Called_Love', 'summary': "The Thing Called Love is a 1993 American comedy-drama film directed by Peter Bogdanovich and starring Samantha Mathis , River Phoenix , Dermot Mulroney and Sandra Bullock . While the film involves a love triangle and various complications in Miranda 's route to success , it provides a sweetened glimpse at the lives of aspiring songwriters in Nashville . Its tagline is : Stand by your dream . The film was Phoenix 's final complete screen performance before his death . A making of documentary is available on the film 's DVD release , titled The Thing Called Love : A Look Back ."}]}, {'value': 'James Wright', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silent Tongue', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Silent_Tongue', 'summary': 'Silent Tongue is a 1994 American western horror film written and directed by Sam Shepard . It was filmed in the spring of 1992 , but not released until 1994 . It was filmed near Roswell , New Mexico and features Richard Harris , Sheila Tousey , Alan Bates , Dermot Mulroney and River Phoenix .'}]}, {'value': 'Talbot Roe', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Posthumous release', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dark Blood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dark_Blood', 'summary': 'Dark Blood is a 2012 American-Dutch thriller film directed by George Sluizer , written by Jim Barton , and starring River Phoenix , Judy Davis , and Jonathan Pryce . The film was not completed due to the death of Phoenix in 1993 shortly before the end of the project ( it would also be the final film made by Sluizer ) and remained unfinished for 19 years . It was the last film to feature River Phoenix and the only film in which Phoenix portrayed a villain . It premiered to a private guest audience on September 27 , 2012 at the Netherlands Film Festival in Utrecht , Netherlands . The film was shown twice more , publicly , on October 2 , 2012 at the festival . It was shown at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival in February 2013 , the Miami International Film Festival in March 2013 , the Split Film Festival in September 2013 , and the Brussels International Fantastic Film Festival in April 2014 . On January 26 , 2018 , Dark Blood was released on DVD in Germany . The film follows Boy ( Phoenix ) , a young widower , who retreats to the desert after his wife dies of radiation following nuclear tests near their home . Boy is waiting for the end of the world and carves Kachina dolls , believing they contain magical powers . A couple , Harry ( Pryce ) and Buffy ( Davis ) travel to the desert on a second honeymoon in an attempt to save their marriage . Their car breaks down in the middle of nowhere and the couple is rescued by Boy . Boy holds them prisoner because of his desire for Buffy and his ambition to create a better world with her .'}]}, {'value': 'Boy', 'urls': []}, {'value': '( final film role ) - Filmed in 1993', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Filmography -- Film', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'River_Phoenix_0', 'intro': "River Jude Phoenix (né Bottom; August 23, 1970 - October 31, 1993) was an American actor, musician, and animal activist. He was the older brother of Rain Phoenix, Joaquin Phoenix, Liberty Phoenix, and Summer Phoenix. Phoenix's work encompassed 24 films and television appearances, and his rise to fame led to his status as a teen idol. He began his acting career at age 10, in television commercials. He starred in the science fiction adventure film Explorers (1985) and had his first notable role in 1986's Stand by Me, a coming-of-age film based on the novella The Body by Stephen King. Phoenix made a transition into more adult-oriented roles with Running on Empty (1988), playing the son of fugitive parents in a well-received performance that earned him a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, and My Own Private Idaho (1991), playing a gay hustler in search of his estranged mother. For his performance in the latter, Phoenix garnered enormous praise and won a Volpi Cup for Best Actor at the Venice Film Festival, along with Best Actor from the National Society of Film Critics. On October 31, 1993, Phoenix collapsed and died of combined drug intoxication following a drug overdose on the sidewalk outside the West Hollywood nightclub The Viper Room at the age of 23. At the time of his death, Phoenix was acting in Dark Blood, which was released in 2012."}
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Who was the director of the movie in which River Phoenix played Jeff Grant ?
Richard Benjamin
0496457129511f30
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._New_York_Basketball', 'title': 'Mr. New York Basketball', 'header': ['School', 'Number of Awards', 'Years'], 'data': [{'value': 'Abraham Lincoln', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_High_School_(Brooklyn,_New_York)', 'summary': 'Abraham Lincoln High School is a public high school located at 2800 Ocean Parkway , in Brooklyn , New York , United States , under the jurisdiction of the New York City Department of Education . The school was built in 1929 , and since graduated three Nobel Prize laureates , as well as many doctors , scientists , engineers , politicians , musicians , artists , and other notable alumni . The current principal is Ari A. Hoogenboom . It was built during the Great Depression , and in order to save money , one set of blueprints was used for Lincoln and other high schools in New York City , including Bayside High School , Samuel J. Tilden High School , John Adams High School , and Grover Cleveland High School . The school features five gymnasiums , an outdoor football and track and field . a swimming pool , a photography studio , an animal science lab , an office classroom and an auditorium .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995 , 2004 , 2009 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St. Raymond', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Raymond_High_School_for_Boys', 'summary': "St. Raymond High School for Boys is a parochial high school affiliated with the New York , U.S.A. Archdiocesan Association of Catholic Schools . It is accredited by the Board of Regents of the State of New York , the Middle States Association and the Brothers of the Christian Schools . The school is a recipient of a Blue Ribbon School of Excellence Award ( 1994-1996 ) , and holds memberships with the National Catholic Education Association and the Catholic Administrators Association of New York State . It is located within the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York in the Parkchester section of The Bronx . The school 's mascot is The Raven ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991 , 2000 , 2001 , 2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shenendehowa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shenendehowa_High_School', 'summary': "Shenendehowa High School ( often shortened to Shen High School ) is a public high school in Clifton Park , New York , United States . It is part of the Shenendehowa Central School District . Students are separated between two buildings ( East and West ) by their grade levels . Both buildings are located on the district 's main campus off of NY 146 . The recently expanded East building houses 10th through 12th graders , while the West building houses only 9th graders . It is the largest public school district in a suburban area in New York State ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1987 , 2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Holy Cross', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Holy_Cross_High_School_(Flushing)', 'summary': "Holy Cross High School is a newly co-ed Roman Catholic high school in Flushing , in the New York City borough of Queens . Founded in 1955 , the school was chartered by the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York and accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools . Located within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn , it is sponsored by the Brothers of Holy Cross . There is a 98% college placement rate . The School 's team is the Holy Cross Knights and the school 's arch athletic rival is the Saint Francis Prep High School Terriers . Since they are both located on Francis Lewis Boulevard approximately 2.5 miles ( 4.0 km ) apart , when they play each other the game is called the Battle of the Boulevard ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996 , 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rice', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rice_High_School_(New_York)', 'summary': 'Rice High School was a private , Roman Catholic , college preparatory high school in the Harlem neighborhood of New York City , United States . It is located within the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York . It held its final graduation ceremony on May 27 , 2011 .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994 , 1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mount Vernon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Vernon_High_School_(New_York)', 'summary': 'Mount Vernon High School ( MVHS ) is a public high school in the Chester Heights section of the City of Mount Vernon in Westchester County , New York , United States . It is part of the Mount Vernon City School District .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jamesville-Dewitt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jamesville-Dewitt_High_School', 'summary': 'Jamesville-DeWitt High School ( JDHS ) is a New York state public education facility located in the town of DeWitt , serving high school students ( grades 9-12 ) in the Jamesville-Dewitt Central School District . The current principal is Paul Gasparini .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Half Hollow Hills East', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Half_Hollow_Hills_Central_School_District', 'summary': 'Half Hollow Hills Central School District ( # 5 ) is located in Dix Hills and primarily serves the hamlets of Dix Hills and Melville , while also serving parts of East Farmingdale , Deer Park , West Hills , and Wheatley Heights . Nine schools ( five elementary , two middle , and two high schools ) comprise the school district .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iona Prep', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iona_Preparatory_School', 'summary': "Iona Preparatory School ( commonly known as Iona Prep ) is an independent , Roman Catholic , all-male , college preparatory school located in the north end of New Rochelle , New York , in suburban Westchester County . Iona Prep consists of the Upper School for Grades 9 through 12 and the Lower School ( formerly Iona Grammar School ) for Grades kindergarten through eighth grade . The primary and secondary schools are located on separate and nearby campuses less than a mile apart on Stratton Road . Named for the Scottish island of Iona , the school was founded in 1916 by the Congregation of Christian Brothers . Iona is a privately owned independent school without parochial affiliation and is located within the Archdiocese of New York . Iona Prep is the brother school to local Catholic girls ' school The Ursuline School . It shares a history with nearby Iona College , which was founded 24 years after the Prep in 1940 . The Prep and college shared a common campus at 715 North Avenue until the Upper School completed the move in 1968 to its fifth and final home on a 27-acre campus at 255 Wilmot Road . It includes the formerly separate K-8 Iona Grammar School , now the Iona Prep Lower School , which is located on a separate campus of 10 acres . As of 2015 , Iona Prep has an enrollment of 979 students , 771 in the Upper School and 208 in the Lower School . The Iona Prep Upper School maintains a student dress code that includes a dress shirt and tie with a blazer and dress slacks ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christ the King', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christ_the_King_Regional_High_School', 'summary': 'Christ the King Regional High School is a co-educational , college preparatory , Catholic high school for grades 9-12 located in Middle Village , Queens , New York , United States and established in 1962 . It is located within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn . The school is located next to the Middle Village-Metropolitan Avenue subway station ( M train ) .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Long Island Lutheran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Long_Island_Lutheran_Middle_and_High_School', 'summary': 'Long Island Lutheran Middle and High School ( commonly known as LuHi } is a Christian college preparatory school in Brookville , New York , United States . It was founded and built in 1960 on a 32-acre ( 13 ha ) estate and has a student body of approximately 450 students in grades 6-12 , with students coming from more than 50 school districts throughout Long Island and New York City . The school is accredited by the New York State Association of Independent Schools .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Half Hollow Hills West', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Half_Hollow_Hills_Central_School_District', 'summary': 'Half Hollow Hills Central School District ( # 5 ) is located in Dix Hills and primarily serves the hamlets of Dix Hills and Melville , while also serving parts of East Farmingdale , Deer Park , West Hills , and Wheatley Heights . Nine schools ( five elementary , two middle , and two high schools ) comprise the school district .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Niagara Falls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Niagara_Falls_High_School', 'summary': "Niagara Falls High School is a public high school located at 4455 Porter Road in Niagara Falls , New York , United States . It was established in 2000 , becoming the city 's only public high school , with the merging of the original Niagara Falls High School and the former LaSalle Senior High Schoot . The school 's graduation rate is 71% , slightly below the state average ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christian Brothers Academy ( Syracuse )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christian_Brothers_Academy_(Syracuse,_New_York)', 'summary': "Christian Brothers Academy ( CBA ) is a private Catholic college preparatory school in suburban Syracuse , New York run by the Brothers of the Christian Schools , founded by St. John Baptist de La Salle . Located within the Roman Catholic Diocese of Syracuse , the school has more than 750 students in grades seven through twelve . It was founded in 1900 by the Christian Brothers , who still run the school , though most of the teachers are laity . In 1960 , it moved from its original site on Willow Street in downtown Syracuse to its current location in suburban Dewitt on Randall Road . CBA was a boys-only school until September 1987 . CBA opened to girls after Syracuse 's all-girls school , The Franciscan Academy , closed and many of those parents actively lobbied to have CBA accept female students . In 2019 , CBA was named a National Blue Ribbon School of Excellence , one of 50 private schools nationally , and the only private school in New York State . CBA was also ranked as the No . 1 Catholic high school in all of Upstate New York ( Albany , Rochester , Buffalo , Binghamton , etc. ) . Members of the graduating class of 2019 received college acceptances into such schools as Notre Dame , Harvard University , Princeton , Yale , Cornell University , Boston College , Georgetown , Villanova University , United States Air Force Academy , Clemson University , Colgate University , Clarkson University , Hamilton College , Syracuse University , Le Moyne College and other equally prestigious colleges and universities . The class of 2019 received a total of over $ 25,000,000 in scholarships , had six National Merit Commended Students , and had seven students who committed to play Division I athletics . The average standardized test scores achieved by CBA students are in the top 15% of all high schools in the country ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'McQuaid Jesuit ( Rochester )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/McQuaid_Jesuit_High_School', 'summary': 'McQuaid Jesuit High School is an all-male , Catholic , Jesuit , college preparatory school located in the metropolitan area of Rochester , New York . Named after Bernard J. McQuaid , the first bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Rochester , McQuaid is located at 1800 Clinton Avenue South , in the suburb of Brighton .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Amityville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amityville_Memorial_High_School', 'summary': 'Amityville Memorial High School is a public high school located in Amityville , New York , United States , on the south shore of Long Island . It is part of the Amityville Union Free School District , which includes the village of Amityville and portions of North Amityville and East Massapequa . The school follows a basic New York State Regents guideline and offers Advanced Placement ( AP ) and Syracuse University credited courses . The members of hip-hop group De La Soul were students of Amityville High School , and released their debut LP 3 Feet High and Rising soon after ( 1989 ) . Most were still high school students when their first album was released . Eddie Reyes , founder of Taking Back Sunday , also hails from Amityville .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Turner Carroll ( Buffalo )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Peekskill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peekskill_High_School', 'summary': "Peekskill High School , established in 1929 , is located at 1072 Elm Street in Peekskill , New York , United States . It educates most of the district 's ninth , tenth , eleventh , and twelfth graders . The school 's current principal is Rodney Arthur . Peekskill students prepare for the New York State Regents Exams in science , language , mathematics , history and English . In addition to the Regents curriculum , the high school also offers Advanced Placement courses , which prepare students to take the AP Exams offered by the College Board in early May . A new course at the school as of the 2007-2008 school year is the three-year Authentic Science Research program . Several college courses are also offered . The school replaced the Peekskill High School at 212 Ringgold Street ( 1929 to 1972 ) . Prior to 1929 , Drum Hill School served as the high school , and is now a senior living community . The current school is located on the former grounds of the original Peekskill Military Academy , which closed in 1968 ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hackley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hackley_School', 'summary': "Hackley School is a private college preparatory school located in Tarrytown , New York and is a member of the Ivy Preparatory School League . Founded in 1899 by a wealthy philanthropist , Mrs. Caleb Brewster Hackley , Hackley was intended to be a Unitarian alternative to the mostly Episcopal boarding schools throughout the Northeast . Since its founding , Hackley has dropped its Unitarian affiliations and changed from all-boys to coeducational . Hackley is divided into three schools on the same campus : the Lower School , the Middle School , and the Upper School . Hackley school is also a member of global education association , Round Square . In September 2015 , Hackley announced the appointment of Michael C. Wirtz as Hackley 's 12th head of school . Mr. Wirtz began his tenure July 1 , 2016 , succeeding Walter C. Johnson , who served as headmaster from 1995-2016 ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Greece Athena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greece_Athena_High_School', 'summary': 'Greece Athena High School serves grades 9-12 as a part of the Greece Central School District in Greece , NY , a suburb of Rochester , New York . It occupies the 1st and 2nd floors of the Athena Complex and shares its library and the Greece Performing Arts Center ( G.P.A.C . ) with Greece Athena Middle School , which is located on the 3rd floor . The high school and middle school was visited by President George W. Bush in 2005 . [ citation needed ] The school is notable for the February 15th , 2006 Greece Athena Trojans basketball game vs the Spencerport Rangers when basketball coach Jim Johnson inserted his team manager Jason McElwain with 4 minutes and 19 seconds left on the clock , McElwain , who has autism , ended up scoring twenty points including six three-point shots and one two-point shot , when the buzzer rang the crowd stormed the court in celebration and lifted McElwain on their shoulders .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Award winners -- Awards by school', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Mr._New_York_Basketball_1', 'intro': 'N/A'}
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How many awards were won by the school to hold its last graduation ceremony in 2011 ?
2
0498036991f3bc31
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Wilson_(American_actor)', 'title': 'Patrick Wilson (American actor)', 'header': ['Year', 'Title', 'Role', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Miss Saigon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miss_Saigon', 'summary': "Miss Saigon is a musical by Claude-Michel Schönberg and Alain Boublil , with lyrics by Boublil and Richard Maltby Jr . It is based on Giacomo Puccini 's opera Madame Butterfly , and similarly tells the tragic tale of a doomed romance involving an Asian woman abandoned by her American lover . The setting of the plot is relocated to 1970s Saigon during the Vietnam War , and Madame Butterfly 's story of marriage between an American lieutenant and a geisha is replaced by a romance between a United States Marine and a seventeen-year-old South Vietnamese bargirl . The musical was premièred at the Theatre Royal , Drury Lane , London , on 20 September 1989 , closing after 4,092 performances on 30 October 1999 . It opened on Broadway at the Broadway Theatre on April 11 , 1991 , and subsequently played in many other cities and embarked on tours . Prior to the opening of the 2014 London revival , it was said that Miss Saigon had set a world record for opening day ticket sales , with sales in excess of £4m reported . The musical represented Schönberg and Boublil 's second major success , following Les Misérables in 1985 . As of July 2019 , Miss Saigon remains Broadway 's thirteenth longest-running show ."}]}, {'value': 'Chris Scott', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Understudy', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carousel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carousel_(musical)', 'summary': "Carousel is the second musical by the team of Richard Rodgers ( music ) and Oscar Hammerstein II ( book and lyrics ) . The 1945 work was adapted from Ferenc Molnár 's 1909 play Liliom , transplanting its Budapest setting to the Maine coastline . The story revolves around carousel barker Billy Bigelow , whose romance with millworker Julie Jordan comes at the price of both their jobs . He participates in a robbery to provide for Julie and their unborn child ; after it goes tragically wrong , he is given a chance to make things right . A secondary plot line deals with millworker Carrie Pipperidge and her romance with ambitious fisherman Enoch Snow . The show includes the well-known songs If I Loved You , June Is Bustin ' Out All Over and You 'll Never Walk Alone . Richard Rodgers later wrote that Carousel was his favorite of all his musicals . Following the spectacular success of the first Rodgers and Hammerstein musical , Oklahoma ! ( 1943 ) , the pair sought to collaborate on another piece , knowing that any resulting work would be compared with Oklahoma ! , most likely unfavorably . They were initially reluctant to seek the rights to Liliom ; Molnár had refused permission for the work to be adapted in the past , and the original ending was considered too depressing for the musical theatre . After acquiring the rights , the team created a work with lengthy sequences of music and made the ending more hopeful . The musical required considerable modification during out-of-town tryouts , but once it opened on Broadway on April 19 , 1945 , it was an immediate hit with both critics and audiences ."}]}, {'value': 'Billy Bigelow', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'U.S. national tour', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bright Lights , Big City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bright_Lights,_Big_City_(musical)', 'summary': 'Bright Lights , Big City is a rock musical with music , lyrics and book written by Scottish composer Paul Scott Goodman based on the 1984 novel by Jay McInerney . It follows a week in the life of Jamie , a successful young writer who loses himself in the chaos of 1980s New York City . The piece premiered Off-Broadway in New York City in 1999 and was revived in a small London production in 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'Jamie Conway', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Off-Broadway Nominated - Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Musical', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Off-Broadway', 'summary': 'An off-Broadway theatre is any professional theatre venue in Manhattan in New York City with a seating capacity between 100 and 499 , inclusive . These theatres are smaller than Broadway theatres , but larger than off-off-Broadway theatres , which seat fewer than 100 . An off-Broadway production is a production of a play , musical , or revue that appears in such a venue and adheres to related trade union and other contracts . Some shows that premiere off-Broadway are subsequently produced on Broadway .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Drama_Desk_Award_for_Outstanding_Actor_in_a_Musical', 'summary': 'The Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Musical is an annual award presented by Drama Desk in recognition of achievements in the theatre among Broadway , Off Broadway and Off-Off Broadway productions . The awards were established in 1955 , with acting awards being given without making distinctions between roles in plays and musicals , or actors and actresses . The new award categories were later created in the 1975 ceremony . † - indicates the performance won the Tony Award ‡ - indicates the performance was also nominated for the Tony Award'}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tenderloin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tenderloin_(musical)', 'summary': "Tenderloin is a musical with a book by George Abbott and Jerome Weidman , lyrics by Sheldon Harnick , and music by Jerry Bock , their follow-up to the highly successful Pulitzer Prize-winning Fiorello ! a year earlier . The musical is based on a 1959 novel by Samuel Hopkins Adams . Set in the Tenderloin , a red-light district in 1890s Manhattan , the show 's story focuses on Reverend Brock , a character loosely based on American clergyman and social reformer Charles Henry Parkhurst ."}]}, {'value': 'Tommy Howatt', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Broadway Encores ! concert', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000-2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Full Monty', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Full_Monty_(musical)', 'summary': "The Full Monty is a musical with a book by Terrence McNally and score by David Yazbek . In this Americanized musical stage version adapted from the 1997 British film of the same name , six unemployed Buffalo steelworkers , low on both cash and prospects , decide to present a strip act at a local club after seeing their wives ' enthusiasm for a touring company of Chippendales . One of them , Jerry , declares that their show will be better than the Chippendales dancers because they 'll go the full monty - strip all the way . As they prepare for the show , working through their fears , self-consciousness , and anxieties , they overcome their inner demons and find strength in their camaraderie ."}]}, {'value': 'Jerry Lukowski', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Broadway Nominated - Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Musical Nominated - Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Broadway_theatre', 'summary': "Broadway theatre , [ nb 1 ] also known simply as Broadway , refers to the theatrical performances presented in the 41 professional theatres , each with 500 or more seats , located in the Theater District and Lincoln Center along Broadway , in Midtown Manhattan , New York City . Broadway and London 's West End together represent the highest commercial level of live theater in the English-speaking world . The Theater District is a popular tourist attraction in New York City . According to The Broadway League , for the 2018-2019 season ( which ended May 26 , 2019 ) total attendance was 14,768,254 and Broadway shows had US $ 1,829,312,140 in grosses , with attendance up 9.5% , grosses up 10.3% , and playing weeks up 9.3% . The majority of Broadway shows are musicals . Historian Martin Shefter argues that 'Broadway musicals ' , culminating in the productions of Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein , became enormously influential forms of American popular culture and contributed to making New York City the cultural capital of the Western Hemisphere ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Drama_Desk_Award_for_Outstanding_Actor_in_a_Musical', 'summary': 'The Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Musical is an annual award presented by Drama Desk in recognition of achievements in the theatre among Broadway , Off Broadway and Off-Off Broadway productions . The awards were established in 1955 , with acting awards being given without making distinctions between roles in plays and musicals , or actors and actresses . The new award categories were later created in the 1975 ceremony . † - indicates the performance won the Tony Award ‡ - indicates the performance was also nominated for the Tony Award'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Musical', 'summary': 'The Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical is awarded to the actor who was voted as the best actor in a musical play , whether a new production or a revival . The award has been given since 1948 , but the nominees who did not win have only been publicly announced since 1956 .'}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oklahoma !', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oklahoma!', 'summary': "Oklahoma ! is the first musical written by the team of composer Richard Rodgers and librettist Oscar Hammerstein II . The musical is based on Lynn Riggs ' 1931 play , Green Grow the Lilacs . Set in farm country outside the town of Claremore , Indian Territory , in 1906 , it tells the story of farm girl Laurey Williams and her courtship by two rival suitors , cowboy Curly McLain and the sinister and frightening farmhand Jud Fry . A secondary romance concerns cowboy Will Parker and his flirtatious fiancée , Ado Annie . The original Broadway production opened on March 31 , 1943 . It was a box-office smash and ran for an unprecedented 2,212 performances , later enjoying award-winning revivals , national tours , foreign productions and an Oscar-winning 1955 film adaptation . It has long been a popular choice for school and community productions . Rodgers and Hammerstein won a special Pulitzer Prize for Oklahoma ! in 1944 . This musical , building on the innovations of the earlier Show Boat , epitomized the development of the book musical , a musical play where the songs and dances are fully integrated into a well-made story with serious dramatic goals that are able to evoke genuine emotions other than laughter . In addition , Oklahoma !"}]}, {'value': 'Curly McLain', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Broadway Nominated - Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Musical Nominated - Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Drama_Desk_Award_for_Outstanding_Actor_in_a_Musical', 'summary': 'The Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Musical is an annual award presented by Drama Desk in recognition of achievements in the theatre among Broadway , Off Broadway and Off-Off Broadway productions . The awards were established in 1955 , with acting awards being given without making distinctions between roles in plays and musicals , or actors and actresses . The new award categories were later created in the 1975 ceremony . † - indicates the performance won the Tony Award ‡ - indicates the performance was also nominated for the Tony Award'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Musical', 'summary': 'The Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical is awarded to the actor who was voted as the best actor in a musical play , whether a new production or a revival . The award has been given since 1948 , but the nominees who did not win have only been publicly announced since 1956 .'}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barefoot in the Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barefoot_in_the_Park', 'summary': 'Barefoot in the Park is a romantic comedy by Neil Simon . The play premiered on Broadway in 1963 , starring Robert Redford and Elizabeth Ashley . It was made into a film in 1967 , which starred Redford and Jane Fonda .'}]}, {'value': 'Paul Bratter', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Broadway', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008-2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'All My Sons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/All_My_Sons', 'summary': "All My Sons is a 1947 play by Arthur Miller . It opened on Broadway at the Coronet Theatre in New York City on January 29 , 1947 , closed on November 8 , 1949 , and ran for 328 performances . It was directed by Elia Kazan ( to whom it is dedicated ) , produced by Elia Kazan and Harold Clurman , and won the New York Drama Critics ' Circle Award . It starred Ed Begley , Beth Merrill , Arthur Kennedy , and Karl Malden and won both the Tony Award for Best Author and the Tony Award for Best Direction of a Play . The play was adapted for films in 1948 and 1987 ."}]}, {'value': 'Chris Keller', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Broadway', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Guys and Dolls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guys_and_Dolls', 'summary': 'Guys and Dolls is a musical with music and lyrics by Frank Loesser and book by Jo Swerling and Abe Burrows . It is based on The Idyll of Miss Sarah Brown and Blood Pressure , which are two short stories by Damon Runyon , and also borrows characters and plot elements from other Runyon stories - such as Pick the Winner .'}]}, {'value': 'Sky Masterson', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carnegie Hall concert', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brigadoon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brigadoon', 'summary': 'Brigadoon is a musical with a book and lyrics by Alan Jay Lerner , and music by Frederick Loewe . Songs from the musical , such as Almost Like Being in Love , have become standards . It features two American tourists who stumble upon Brigadoon , a mysterious Scottish village that appears for only one day every 100 years . Tommy , one of the tourists , falls in love with Fiona , a young woman from Brigadoon . The original production opened at the Ziegfeld Theatre on Broadway in 1947 and ran for 581 performances . It starred David Brooks , Marion Bell , Pamela Britton , and Lee Sullivan . In 1949 , Brigadoon opened at the West End theatre and ran for 685 performances ; many revivals have followed . A 1954 film version starred Gene Kelly and Cyd Charisse , and a 1966 television version starred Robert Goulet and Peter Falk .'}]}, {'value': 'Tommy Albright', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New York City Center Special Event', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Filmography -- Stage', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Patrick_Wilson_(actor)_2', 'intro': "Patrick Joseph Wilson (born July 3, 1973) is an American actor and singer. He spent his early career starring in Broadway musicals, beginning in 1995. He is a two-time Tony Award nominee for his roles in The Full Monty (2000-2001) and Oklahoma! (2002). In 2003, he co-starred in the acclaimed HBO miniseries Angels in America for which he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award and Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie. Wilson has also appeared in feature films such as The Phantom of the Opera (2004), Hard Candy (2005), Little Children (2006), Watchmen (2009), Insidious (2010), The A-Team (2010), Insidious: Chapter 2 (2013), and as demonologist Ed Warren in James Wan's supernatural horror films The Conjuring (2013), The Conjuring 2 (2016) and Annabelle Comes Home (2019). He has earned himself a reputation as a scream king, due to his frequent casting in horror films. On television, he starred in the CBS drama series A Gifted Man (2011-2012), and as Lou Solverson in the second season of FX's anthology series Fargo (2015), for which he received a second Golden Globe Award nomination. In the DC Extended Universe, he portrayed Orm Marius / Ocean Master in the superhero film Aquaman (2018) and he voiced the President of the United States in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016)."}
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Who wrote the musical in which Patrick Wilson played Chris Keller from 2008-2009 ?
Arthur Miller
049a4aa6db22b84a
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_early_medieval_watermills', 'title': 'List of early medieval watermills', 'header': ['Site', 'Country', 'Date', 'Identification/Remains'], 'data': [{'value': 'Ebbsfleet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ebbsfleet,_Thanet', 'summary': 'Ebbsfleet is a hamlet near Ramsgate , Kent , at the head of Pegwell Bay . Historically it was a peninsula on the southern coast of the Isle of Thanet , marking the eastern end of the Wantsum Channel that separated Thanet from the Kentish mainland . It is in the civil parish of Minster Since Pegwell Bay was a natural harbour on the part of the coast nearest to the Continent , Ebbsfleet is said to have been the site of three important arrivals in English history : Julius Caesar in 54BC built a 20 ha fort during his incursion , Hengist and Horsa in 449 AD , who led the English in their conquest of Britain ; and Augustine of Canterbury in 597 AD , who converted the English to Christianity . Ebbsfleet is the titular see of the Bishop of Ebbsfleet , an episcopal visitor for the Province of Canterbury .'}]}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Early 8th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Horizontal-wheeled tide mill', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Old Windsor I', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Old_Windsor', 'summary': 'Old Windsor is a large village and civil parish , in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead , in Berkshire , England . It is bound by the River Thames to the east and Windsor Great Park to the west .'}]}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Probably late 7th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mill-channel , woodwork of three vertical water-wheels', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Old Windsor II', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Old_Windsor', 'summary': 'Old Windsor is a large village and civil parish , in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead , in Berkshire , England . It is bound by the River Thames to the east and Windsor Great Park to the west .'}]}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': '9th or 10th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mill-channel , horizontal-wheeled mill', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Raunds , West Cotton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Raunds', 'summary': 'Raunds /ˈrɔːndz/ is a small market town in rural Northamptonshire , England . It has a population of 8,641 ( 2011 census ) , is a civil parish , and is part of the East Northamptonshire district .'}]}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Late Saxon', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leat , sluice gate , chute , stake and wattle lined and stone surfaced wheel-pit', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tamworth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tamworth,_Staffordshire', 'summary': "Tamworth ( /ˈtæmwərθ/ ) is a large market town and borough in Staffordshire , England , 14 miles ( 23 km ) north-east of Birmingham and on the West Coast Main Line . The town adjoins Warwickshire to the south and east , Lichfield to the north and west and local junctions of the M6 Toll motorway . It takes its name from the River Tame , which flows through it . Its resident population ( mid-2018 est . ) was 76,678 . Tamworth was historically divided between Warwickshire and Staffordshire until 1889 , when the town was placed entirely in Staffordshire . Tamworth hosts a simple but elevated 12th century castle , a well-preserved medieval church ( the Church of St Editha ) and a Moat House . Tamworth was the capital of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Mercia during the Heptarchy of seven kingdoms and throughout its later , greater , form . The town 's industries include logistics , engineering , clothing , brick , tile and paper manufacture . Until 2001 one of its factories was Reliant , which produced the Reliant Robin three-wheeler car and the Reliant Scimitar sports car . The Snowdome , a prototype real-snow indoor ski slope is in Tamworth and 1.7 miles ( 2.7 km ) south is Drayton Manor Theme Park and one of the many marinas serving the Coventry Canal and Birmingham and Fazeley Canal which combine south of the town ."}]}, {'value': 'England', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/England', 'summary': "England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It shares land borders with Wales to the west and Scotland to the north . The Irish Sea lies west of England and the Celtic Sea to the southwest . England is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south . The country covers five-eighths of the island of Great Britain , which lies in the North Atlantic , and includes over 100 smaller islands , such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight . It is the largest country of British Isles . The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Palaeolithic period , but takes its name from the Angles , a Germanic tribe deriving its name from the Anglia peninsula , who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries . England became a unified state in the 10th century , and since the Age of Discovery , which began during the 15th century , has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world . The English language , the Anglican Church , and English law - the basis for the common law legal systems of many other countries around the world - developed in England , and the country 's parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations . The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England , transforming its society into the world 's first industrialised nation . England 's terrain is chiefly low hills and plains , especially in central and southern England . However , there is upland and mountainous terrain in the north ( for example , the Lake District and Pennines ) and in the west ( for example , Dartmoor and the Shropshire Hills ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Between 846 and 864', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Entire establishment', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dasing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dasing', 'summary': 'Dasing is a municipality in the district of Aichach-Friedberg in Bavaria in Germany .'}]}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': '696/697', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vertical-wheeled undershot or breastshot mill , mill-pond , mill-race , fragments of mill-stones', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ballykilleen', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ireland', 'summary': "Ireland ( /ˈaɪərlənd/ ( listen ) ; Irish : Éire [ ˈeːɾʲə ] ( listen ) ; Ulster-Scots : Airlann [ ˈɑːrlən ] ) is an island in the North Atlantic . It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel , the Irish Sea , and St George 's Channel . Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles , the third-largest in Europe , and the twentieth-largest on Earth . Geopolitically , Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland ( officially named Ireland ) , which covers five-sixths of the island , and Northern Ireland , which is part of the United Kingdom . In 2011 , the population of Ireland was about 6.6 million , ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain . As of 2016 , 4.8 million live in the Republic of Ireland , and 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland . The geography of Ireland comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain , with several navigable rivers extending inland . Its lush vegetation is a product of its mild but changeable climate which is free of extremes in temperature . Much of Ireland was woodland until the end of the Middle Ages . Today , woodland makes up about 10% of the island , compared with a European average of over 33% , and most of it is non-native conifer plantations . There are twenty-six extant land mammal species native to Ireland . The Irish climate is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and thus very moderate , and winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area , although summers are cooler than those in continental Europe ."}]}, {'value': 'c. 636', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Horizontal-wheeled mill', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cloontycarthy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ireland', 'summary': "Ireland ( /ˈaɪərlənd/ ( listen ) ; Irish : Éire [ ˈeːɾʲə ] ( listen ) ; Ulster-Scots : Airlann [ ˈɑːrlən ] ) is an island in the North Atlantic . It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel , the Irish Sea , and St George 's Channel . Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles , the third-largest in Europe , and the twentieth-largest on Earth . Geopolitically , Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland ( officially named Ireland ) , which covers five-sixths of the island , and Northern Ireland , which is part of the United Kingdom . In 2011 , the population of Ireland was about 6.6 million , ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain . As of 2016 , 4.8 million live in the Republic of Ireland , and 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland . The geography of Ireland comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain , with several navigable rivers extending inland . Its lush vegetation is a product of its mild but changeable climate which is free of extremes in temperature . Much of Ireland was woodland until the end of the Middle Ages . Today , woodland makes up about 10% of the island , compared with a European average of over 33% , and most of it is non-native conifer plantations . There are twenty-six extant land mammal species native to Ireland . The Irish climate is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and thus very moderate , and winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area , although summers are cooler than those in continental Europe ."}]}, {'value': 'c. 833', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Entire establishment', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Drumard', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ireland', 'summary': "Ireland ( /ˈaɪərlənd/ ( listen ) ; Irish : Éire [ ˈeːɾʲə ] ( listen ) ; Ulster-Scots : Airlann [ ˈɑːrlən ] ) is an island in the North Atlantic . It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel , the Irish Sea , and St George 's Channel . Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles , the third-largest in Europe , and the twentieth-largest on Earth . Geopolitically , Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland ( officially named Ireland ) , which covers five-sixths of the island , and Northern Ireland , which is part of the United Kingdom . In 2011 , the population of Ireland was about 6.6 million , ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain . As of 2016 , 4.8 million live in the Republic of Ireland , and 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland . The geography of Ireland comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain , with several navigable rivers extending inland . Its lush vegetation is a product of its mild but changeable climate which is free of extremes in temperature . Much of Ireland was woodland until the end of the Middle Ages . Today , woodland makes up about 10% of the island , compared with a European average of over 33% , and most of it is non-native conifer plantations . There are twenty-six extant land mammal species native to Ireland . The Irish climate is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and thus very moderate , and winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area , although summers are cooler than those in continental Europe ."}]}, {'value': 'c. 782', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Horizontal-wheeled mill', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Killoteran near Waterford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Waterford', 'summary': "Waterford ( from Old Norse Veðrafjǫrðr [ ˈweðrɑˌfjɒrðr̩ ] , meaning ram ( wether ) fjord ; Irish : Port Láirge [ pˠɔɾˠt̪ˠ ˈl̪ˠaːɾʲ ( ə ) ɟə ] ) is a city in Ireland . It is in County Waterford in the south east of Ireland and is part of the province of Munster . The city is situated at the head of Waterford Harbour . It is the oldest and the fifth most populous city in the Republic of Ireland . It is the tenth most populous settlement on the island of Ireland . Waterford City and County Council is the local government authority for the city . According to the 2016 Census , 53,504 people live in the city , with a wider metropolitan population of 82,963 . Today , Waterford is known for Waterford Crystal , a legacy of the city 's former glass making industry . Glass , or crystal , was manufactured in the city from 1783 until early 2009 , when the factory there was shut down after the receivership of Waterford Wedgwood plc . The Waterford Crystal visitor centre in the Viking Quarter , under new owners , opened in June 2010 , after the intervention of Waterford City Council and Waterford Chamber of Commerce , and resumed production . Waterford is also known for being the starting point of Ryanair 's first flight ; a 14-seat Embraer Bandeirante turboprop aircraft flying between Waterford and Gatwick Airport ."}]}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ireland', 'summary': "Ireland ( /ˈaɪərlənd/ ( listen ) ; Irish : Éire [ ˈeːɾʲə ] ( listen ) ; Ulster-Scots : Airlann [ ˈɑːrlən ] ) is an island in the North Atlantic . It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel , the Irish Sea , and St George 's Channel . Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles , the third-largest in Europe , and the twentieth-largest on Earth . Geopolitically , Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland ( officially named Ireland ) , which covers five-sixths of the island , and Northern Ireland , which is part of the United Kingdom . In 2011 , the population of Ireland was about 6.6 million , ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain . As of 2016 , 4.8 million live in the Republic of Ireland , and 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland . The geography of Ireland comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain , with several navigable rivers extending inland . Its lush vegetation is a product of its mild but changeable climate which is free of extremes in temperature . Much of Ireland was woodland until the end of the Middle Ages . Today , woodland makes up about 10% of the island , compared with a European average of over 33% , and most of it is non-native conifer plantations . There are twenty-six extant land mammal species native to Ireland . The Irish climate is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and thus very moderate , and winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area , although summers are cooler than those in continental Europe ."}]}, {'value': '6th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vertical-wheeled tide mill', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Little Island I', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Little_Island,_Cork', 'summary': 'Little Island , County Cork , is a civil parish and mainly industrial area to the east of Cork city in Ireland . It is no longer an island , since the northern channel separating it from the mainland has filled over . To the west and south is Lough Mahon , part of Cork Harbour ; across a channel to the east is Fota Island .'}]}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ireland', 'summary': "Ireland ( /ˈaɪərlənd/ ( listen ) ; Irish : Éire [ ˈeːɾʲə ] ( listen ) ; Ulster-Scots : Airlann [ ˈɑːrlən ] ) is an island in the North Atlantic . It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel , the Irish Sea , and St George 's Channel . Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles , the third-largest in Europe , and the twentieth-largest on Earth . Geopolitically , Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland ( officially named Ireland ) , which covers five-sixths of the island , and Northern Ireland , which is part of the United Kingdom . In 2011 , the population of Ireland was about 6.6 million , ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain . As of 2016 , 4.8 million live in the Republic of Ireland , and 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland . The geography of Ireland comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain , with several navigable rivers extending inland . Its lush vegetation is a product of its mild but changeable climate which is free of extremes in temperature . Much of Ireland was woodland until the end of the Middle Ages . Today , woodland makes up about 10% of the island , compared with a European average of over 33% , and most of it is non-native conifer plantations . There are twenty-six extant land mammal species native to Ireland . The Irish climate is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and thus very moderate , and winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area , although summers are cooler than those in continental Europe ."}]}, {'value': 'c. 630', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Horizontal-wheeled tide mill', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Little Island II', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Little_Island,_Cork', 'summary': 'Little Island , County Cork , is a civil parish and mainly industrial area to the east of Cork city in Ireland . It is no longer an island , since the northern channel separating it from the mainland has filled over . To the west and south is Lough Mahon , part of Cork Harbour ; across a channel to the east is Fota Island .'}]}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ireland', 'summary': "Ireland ( /ˈaɪərlənd/ ( listen ) ; Irish : Éire [ ˈeːɾʲə ] ( listen ) ; Ulster-Scots : Airlann [ ˈɑːrlən ] ) is an island in the North Atlantic . It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel , the Irish Sea , and St George 's Channel . Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles , the third-largest in Europe , and the twentieth-largest on Earth . Geopolitically , Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland ( officially named Ireland ) , which covers five-sixths of the island , and Northern Ireland , which is part of the United Kingdom . In 2011 , the population of Ireland was about 6.6 million , ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain . As of 2016 , 4.8 million live in the Republic of Ireland , and 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland . The geography of Ireland comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain , with several navigable rivers extending inland . Its lush vegetation is a product of its mild but changeable climate which is free of extremes in temperature . Much of Ireland was woodland until the end of the Middle Ages . Today , woodland makes up about 10% of the island , compared with a European average of over 33% , and most of it is non-native conifer plantations . There are twenty-six extant land mammal species native to Ireland . The Irish climate is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and thus very moderate , and winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area , although summers are cooler than those in continental Europe ."}]}, {'value': '7th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vertical-wheeled tide mill', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Morett', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ireland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ireland', 'summary': "Ireland ( /ˈaɪərlənd/ ( listen ) ; Irish : Éire [ ˈeːɾʲə ] ( listen ) ; Ulster-Scots : Airlann [ ˈɑːrlən ] ) is an island in the North Atlantic . It is separated from Great Britain to its east by the North Channel , the Irish Sea , and St George 's Channel . Ireland is the second-largest island of the British Isles , the third-largest in Europe , and the twentieth-largest on Earth . Geopolitically , Ireland is divided between the Republic of Ireland ( officially named Ireland ) , which covers five-sixths of the island , and Northern Ireland , which is part of the United Kingdom . In 2011 , the population of Ireland was about 6.6 million , ranking it the second-most populous island in Europe after Great Britain . As of 2016 , 4.8 million live in the Republic of Ireland , and 1.8 million live in Northern Ireland . The geography of Ireland comprises relatively low-lying mountains surrounding a central plain , with several navigable rivers extending inland . Its lush vegetation is a product of its mild but changeable climate which is free of extremes in temperature . Much of Ireland was woodland until the end of the Middle Ages . Today , woodland makes up about 10% of the island , compared with a European average of over 33% , and most of it is non-native conifer plantations . There are twenty-six extant land mammal species native to Ireland . The Irish climate is influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and thus very moderate , and winters are milder than expected for such a northerly area , although summers are cooler than those in continental Europe ."}]}, {'value': 'c. 710', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vertical-wheeled undershot mill', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gerasa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gerasa', 'summary': 'Jerash ( Arabic : جرش ; Ancient Greek : Γέρασα ) is a city in northern Jordan . The city is the administrative center of the Jerash Governorate , and has a population of 50,745 as of 2015 . It is located 48 kilometres ( 30 mi ) north of the capital city Amman . The earliest evidence of settlement in Jerash is in a Neolithic site known as Tal Abu Sowan , where rare human remains dating to around 7500 BC were uncovered . Jerash flourished during the Greco and Roman periods until the mid-eighth century CE , when the 749 Galilee earthquake destroyed large parts of it , while subsequent earthquakes contributed to additional destruction . However , in the year 1120 , Zahir ad-Din Toghtekin , atabeg of Damascus ordered a garrison of forty men stationed in Jerash to convert the Temple of Artemis into a fortress . It was captured in 1121 by Baldwin II , King of Jerusalem , and utterly destroyed . Then , the Crusaders immediately abandoned Jerash and withdrew to Sakib ( Seecip ) ; the eastern border of the settlement . Jerash was then deserted until it reappeared by the beginning of the Ottoman rule in the early 16th century . In the census of 1596 , it had a population of 12 Muslim households . However , the archaeologists have found a small Mamluk hamlet in the Northwest Quarter which indicates that Jerash was resettled before the Ottoman era . The excavations conducted since 2011 have shed light on the Middle Islamic period as recent discoveries have uncovered a large concentration of Middle Islamic/Mamluk structures and pottery .'}]}, {'value': 'Jordan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jordan', 'summary': "Jordan ( Arabic : الأردن Al-ʾUrdunn [ al.ʔur.dunː ] ) , officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan ( Arabic : المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية Al-Mamlakah al-Urdunniyyah Al-Hāshimiyyah ) , is an Arab country in Western Asia , on the East Bank of the Jordan River . Jordan is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south and the east , Iraq to the north-east , Syria to the north and Israel and the Palestinian West Bank to the west . The Dead Sea is located along its western borders and the country has a 26-kilometre ( 16 mi ) coastline on the Red Sea in its extreme south-west . Jordan is strategically located at the crossroads of Asia , Africa and Europe . The capital , Amman , is Jordan 's most populous city as well as the country 's economic , political and cultural centre . What is now Jordan has been inhabited by humans since the Paleolithic period . Three stable kingdoms emerged there at the end of the Bronze Age : Ammon , Moab and Edom . Later rulers include the Nabataean Kingdom , the Roman Empire , and the Ottoman Empire . After the Great Arab Revolt against the Ottomans in 1916 during World War I , the Ottoman Empire was partitioned by Britain and France . The Emirate of Transjordan was established in 1921 by the Hashemite , then Emir , Abdullah I , and the emirate became a British protectorate . In 1946 , Jordan became an independent state officially known as the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan , but was renamed in 1949 to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan after the country captured the West Bank during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and annexed it until it was lost to Israel in 1967 . Jordan renounced its claim to the territory in 1988 , and became one of two Arab states to sign a peace treaty with Israel in 1994 ."}]}, {'value': '6th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sawmill ; crank and connecting rod system without gear train', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nendrum Monastery mill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nendrum_Monastery_mill', 'summary': 'The Nendrum Monastery mill was a tide mill on an Mahee Island in Strangford Lough now in Northern Ireland . It is the earliest excavated tide mill , dating from 787 AD . Its millstones are 830mm in diameter and the horizontal wheel is estimated to have developed 7/8HP at its peak . Remains of an earlier mill dated at 619 AD were also found .'}]}, {'value': 'Northern Ireland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northern_Ireland', 'summary': "Northern Ireland ( Irish : Tuaisceart Éireann [ ˈt̪ˠuəʃcəɾˠt̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ ] ( listen ) ; Ulster-Scots : Norlin Airlann ) is variously described as a country , province or region which is part of the United Kingdom . Located in the northeast of the island of Ireland , Northern Ireland shares a border to the south and west with the Republic of Ireland . In 2011 , its population was 1,810,863 , constituting about 30% of the island 's total population and about 3% of the UK 's population . Established by the Northern Ireland Act 1998 as part of the Good Friday Agreement , the Northern Ireland Assembly ( colloquially referred to as Stormont after its location ) holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters , while other areas are reserved for the British government . Northern Ireland co-operates with the Republic of Ireland in several areas , and the Agreement granted the Republic the ability to put forward views and proposals with determined efforts to resolve disagreements between the two governments . On 11 January 2020 , legislators in Northern Ireland formed a government for the first time since the Executive of the 5th Northern Ireland Assembly collapsed in January 2017 , following the Renewable Heat Incentive scandal . Northern Ireland was created in 1921 , when Ireland was partitioned between Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland by the Government of Ireland Act 1920 . Unlike Southern Ireland , which would become the Irish Free State in 1922 , the majority of Northern Ireland 's population were unionists , who wanted to remain within the United Kingdom . Most of these were the Protestant descendants of colonists from Great Britain . However , a significant minority , mostly Catholics , were nationalists who wanted a united Ireland independent of British rule . Today , the former generally see themselves as British and the latter generally see themselves as Irish , while a distinct Northern Irish or Ulster identity is claimed both by a large minority of Catholics and Protestants and by many of those who are non-aligned . For most of the 20th century , when it came into existence , Northern Ireland was marked by discrimination and hostility between these two sides in what First Minister of Northern Ireland , David Trimble , called a cold house for Catholics ."}]}, {'value': '619 & 789', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Horizontal-wheeled tide mill', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ephesus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ephesus', 'summary': "Ephesus ( /ˈɛfəsəs/ ; Ancient Greek : Ἔφεσος Efesos ; Turkish : Efes ; may ultimately derive from Hittite Apasa ) was an ancient Greek city on the coast of Ionia , three kilometres southwest of present-day Selçuk in İzmir Province , Turkey . It was built in the 10th century BC on the site of the former Arzawan capital by Attic and Ionian Greek colonists . During the Classical Greek era it was one of the twelve cities of the Ionian League . The city flourished after it came under the control of the Roman Republic in 129 BC . The city was famed for the nearby Temple of Artemis ( completed around 550 BC ) , one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World . Among many other monumental buildings are the Library of Celsus , and a theatre capable of holding 25,000 spectators . Ephesos was one of the seven churches of Asia that are cited in the Book of Revelation . The Gospel of John may have been written here . The city was the site of several 5th-century Christian Councils ( see Council of Ephesus ) . The city was destroyed by the Goths in 263 , and although rebuilt , the city 's importance as a commercial centre declined as the harbour was slowly silted up by the Küçükmenderes River . It was partially destroyed by an earthquake in AD 614 . The ruins of Ephesus are a favourite international and local tourist attraction , partly owing to their easy access from Adnan Menderes Airport or from the cruise ship port of Kuşadası , some 30 km to the South ."}]}, {'value': 'Turkey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Turkey', 'summary': "Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye [ ˈtyɾcije ] ) , officially the Republic of Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye Cumhuriyeti [ ˈtyɾcije dʒumˈhuːɾijeti ] ( listen ) ) , is a transcontinental country located mostly on the Anatolian peninsula in Western Asia , with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeastern Europe . East Thrace , the part of Turkey in Europe , is separated from Anatolia by the Sea of Marmara , the Bosporus and the Dardanelles ( collectively called the Turkish Straits ) . Istanbul , mostly located on the European side , is the largest city in the country while Ankara is the capital . Turkey is bordered by Greece and Bulgaria to its northwest , the Black Sea to its north , Georgia to its northeast , Armenia , the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to its east , Iraq and Syria to its southeast , the Mediterranean Sea to its south , and the Aegean Sea to its west . Approximately 70 to 80 percent of the country 's citizens identify as Turkish , while Kurds are the largest minority at anywhere from 15 to 20 percent of the population . At various points in its history , the region has been inhabited by diverse civilisations including the Assyrians , Greeks , Thracians , Phrygians , Urartians , and Armenians . Hellenization started during the era of Alexander the Great and continued into the Byzantine era . The Seljuk Turks began migrating into the area in the 11th century , and their victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 symbolises the start and foundation of Turkey . The Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243 , when it disintegrated into small principalities called beyliks . Beginning in the late 13th century , the Ottomans started uniting beyliks and conquering the Balkans . After Mehmed II conquered Constantinople in 1453 , Ottoman expansion continued under Selim I . During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent the Ottoman Empire encompassed much of Southeast Europe , West Asia and North Africa and became a world power ."}]}, {'value': '6th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sawmill ; crank and connecting rod system without gear train ; multiple mill complex with at least five watermills', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Archaeological finds -- Watermill sites', 'section_text': 'Below are listed excavated or surveyed watermill sites dated to the early medieval period .', 'uid': 'List_of_early_medieval_watermills_2', 'intro': 'This list of early medieval watermills comprises a selection of European watermills spanning the early Middle Ages, from 500 to 1000 AD.'}
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What Identification has a municipality in the district of Aichach-Friedberg in Bavaria ?
Vertical-wheeled undershot or breastshot mill , mill-pond , mill-race , fragments of mill-stones
049a4e3f69fd7f93
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_Rajya_Sabha', 'title': 'List of current members of the Rajya Sabha', 'header': ['No', 'Name', 'Party', 'Date of Appointment', 'Date of Retirement'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Parsottambhai Rupala', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Parsottambhai_Rupala', 'summary': 'Parshottam Khodabhai Rupala ( born 1 October 1954 ) is an Indian politician and Union Minister of State for Panchayati Raj , Agriculture and Farmers Welfare . He was a member of Rajya Sabha , representing the Indian state of Gujarat and a leader of Bharatiya Janata Party . He was a former member of Gujarat Legislative Assembly from Amreli and formerly served as a minister in Government of Gujarat .'}]}, {'value': 'Bharatiya Janata Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party', 'summary': "The Bharatiya Janata Party ( pronounced [ bʱaːrətiːjə dʒənətaː paːrʈiː ] ( listen ) ; translation : Indian People 's Party ; abbr . BJP ) is one of the two major political parties in India , along with the Indian National Congress . As of 2019 [ update ] , it is the country 's largest political party in terms of representation in the national parliament and state assemblies and is the world 's largest party in terms of primary membership . BJP is a right-wing party , and its policy has historically reflected Hindu nationalist positions . It has close ideological and organisational links to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh ( RSS ) . The BJP 's origin lies in the Bharatiya Jana Sangh , formed in 1951 by Syama Prasad Mukherjee . After the State of Emergency in 1977 , the Jana Sangh merged with several other parties to form the Janata Party ; it defeated the incumbent Congress party in the 1977 general election . After three years in power , the Janata party dissolved in 1980 with the members of the erstwhile Jana Sangh reconvening to form the BJP . Although initially unsuccessful , winning only two seats in the 1984 general election , it grew in strength on the back of the Ram Janmabhoomi movement . Following victories in several state elections and better performances in national elections , the BJP became the largest party in the parliament in 1996 ; however , it lacked a majority in the lower house of Parliament , and its government lasted only 13 days . After the 1998 general election , the BJP-led coalition known as the National Democratic Alliance ( NDA ) under Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee formed a government that lasted for a year . Following fresh elections , the NDA government , again headed by Vajpayee , lasted for a full term in office ; this was the first non-Congress government to do so ."}]}, {'value': '03-Apr-2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': '02-Apr-2024', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mansukh L. Mandaviya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mansukh_L._Mandaviya', 'summary': "Mansukh Laxmanbhai Mandaviya ( born 1 June 1972 ) is the Union Minister of State for Shipping ( India ) ( Independent Charge ) and Union Minister of State for Chemical and Fertilizers ( India ) . He is also a Rajya Sabha member from Gujarat and is a believer of utmost simplicity . He is known for his Padyatras where he covers long distances on foot for a noble cause connecting villages and spreading awareness . His contribution to serving the nation can also be seen in his active participation in Pradhan Mantri Bharatiya Jan Aushadhi Pariyojana ( PMBJP ) . He was recently honoured by the UNICEF and others for his contribution to women 's menstrual hygiene . He is well known for his intellect and thoughtful leadership , which he often exhibits in his speeches . In 2015 , he was selected to represent India at the United Nations where he spoke about '2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development ' . To implement simplicity in his professional life , he cycles to the Parliament during sessions ."}]}, {'value': 'Bharatiya Janata Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party', 'summary': "The Bharatiya Janata Party ( pronounced [ bʱaːrətiːjə dʒənətaː paːrʈiː ] ( listen ) ; translation : Indian People 's Party ; abbr . BJP ) is one of the two major political parties in India , along with the Indian National Congress . As of 2019 [ update ] , it is the country 's largest political party in terms of representation in the national parliament and state assemblies and is the world 's largest party in terms of primary membership . BJP is a right-wing party , and its policy has historically reflected Hindu nationalist positions . It has close ideological and organisational links to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh ( RSS ) . The BJP 's origin lies in the Bharatiya Jana Sangh , formed in 1951 by Syama Prasad Mukherjee . After the State of Emergency in 1977 , the Jana Sangh merged with several other parties to form the Janata Party ; it defeated the incumbent Congress party in the 1977 general election . After three years in power , the Janata party dissolved in 1980 with the members of the erstwhile Jana Sangh reconvening to form the BJP . Although initially unsuccessful , winning only two seats in the 1984 general election , it grew in strength on the back of the Ram Janmabhoomi movement . Following victories in several state elections and better performances in national elections , the BJP became the largest party in the parliament in 1996 ; however , it lacked a majority in the lower house of Parliament , and its government lasted only 13 days . After the 1998 general election , the BJP-led coalition known as the National Democratic Alliance ( NDA ) under Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee formed a government that lasted for a year . Following fresh elections , the NDA government , again headed by Vajpayee , lasted for a full term in office ; this was the first non-Congress government to do so ."}]}, {'value': '03-Apr-2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': '02-Apr-2024', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Subrahmanyam Jaishankar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Subrahmanyam_Jaishankar', 'summary': "Subrahmanyam Jaishankar ( born 9 January 1955 ) is an Indian diplomat turned politician who is the current Minister of External Affairs of the Government of India since 31 May 2019 . He is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party and is a Member of Indian Parliament in the Rajya Sabha since 5 July 2019 , representing Gujarat . He has previously served as the Foreign Secretary from January 2015 to January 2018 . He joined the Indian Foreign Service in 1977 and during his diplomatic career spanning over 38 years , he served in different capacities in India and abroad including as a High Commissioner to Singapore ( 2007-09 ) and as Ambassador to the Czech Republic ( 2001-04 ) , China ( 2009-2013 ) and the USA ( 2014-2015 ) . Jaishankar played a key role in negotiating the Indo-US civilian nuclear agreement . On retirement , Jaishankar joined Tata Sons as the President , Global Corporate Affairs . In 2019 , he was conferred with Padma Shri , India 's fourth highest civilian honour . On 30 May 2019 , he was sworn in as a cabinet minister in the second Modi ministry . He was made the Minister of External Affairs on 31 May 2019 . He is the second former Foreign Secretary to head the Ministry of External Affairs at the Cabinet-level ."}]}, {'value': 'Bharatiya Janata Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party', 'summary': "The Bharatiya Janata Party ( pronounced [ bʱaːrətiːjə dʒənətaː paːrʈiː ] ( listen ) ; translation : Indian People 's Party ; abbr . BJP ) is one of the two major political parties in India , along with the Indian National Congress . As of 2019 [ update ] , it is the country 's largest political party in terms of representation in the national parliament and state assemblies and is the world 's largest party in terms of primary membership . BJP is a right-wing party , and its policy has historically reflected Hindu nationalist positions . It has close ideological and organisational links to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh ( RSS ) . The BJP 's origin lies in the Bharatiya Jana Sangh , formed in 1951 by Syama Prasad Mukherjee . After the State of Emergency in 1977 , the Jana Sangh merged with several other parties to form the Janata Party ; it defeated the incumbent Congress party in the 1977 general election . After three years in power , the Janata party dissolved in 1980 with the members of the erstwhile Jana Sangh reconvening to form the BJP . Although initially unsuccessful , winning only two seats in the 1984 general election , it grew in strength on the back of the Ram Janmabhoomi movement . Following victories in several state elections and better performances in national elections , the BJP became the largest party in the parliament in 1996 ; however , it lacked a majority in the lower house of Parliament , and its government lasted only 13 days . After the 1998 general election , the BJP-led coalition known as the National Democratic Alliance ( NDA ) under Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee formed a government that lasted for a year . Following fresh elections , the NDA government , again headed by Vajpayee , lasted for a full term in office ; this was the first non-Congress government to do so ."}]}, {'value': '06-Jul-2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18-Aug-2023', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jugalji Mathurji Thakor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jugalji_Mathurji_Thakor', 'summary': 'Jugalji Mathurji Thakor is an Indian politician and a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party . He is the member of the Parliament of India representing Gujarat State in the Rajya Sabha , the upper house on 5 July 2019 .'}]}, {'value': 'Bharatiya Janata Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party', 'summary': "The Bharatiya Janata Party ( pronounced [ bʱaːrətiːjə dʒənətaː paːrʈiː ] ( listen ) ; translation : Indian People 's Party ; abbr . BJP ) is one of the two major political parties in India , along with the Indian National Congress . As of 2019 [ update ] , it is the country 's largest political party in terms of representation in the national parliament and state assemblies and is the world 's largest party in terms of primary membership . BJP is a right-wing party , and its policy has historically reflected Hindu nationalist positions . It has close ideological and organisational links to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh ( RSS ) . The BJP 's origin lies in the Bharatiya Jana Sangh , formed in 1951 by Syama Prasad Mukherjee . After the State of Emergency in 1977 , the Jana Sangh merged with several other parties to form the Janata Party ; it defeated the incumbent Congress party in the 1977 general election . After three years in power , the Janata party dissolved in 1980 with the members of the erstwhile Jana Sangh reconvening to form the BJP . Although initially unsuccessful , winning only two seats in the 1984 general election , it grew in strength on the back of the Ram Janmabhoomi movement . Following victories in several state elections and better performances in national elections , the BJP became the largest party in the parliament in 1996 ; however , it lacked a majority in the lower house of Parliament , and its government lasted only 13 days . After the 1998 general election , the BJP-led coalition known as the National Democratic Alliance ( NDA ) under Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee formed a government that lasted for a year . Following fresh elections , the NDA government , again headed by Vajpayee , lasted for a full term in office ; this was the first non-Congress government to do so ."}]}, {'value': '06-Jul-2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18-Aug-2023', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chunibhai K Gohel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chunibhai_K_Gohel', 'summary': 'Chunibhai Kanjibhai Gohel ( born 19 May 1955 Veravel district , GJ ) is an Indian politician of the Bharatiya Janata Party . Since April 2014 , he is the member of the Parliament of India representing Gujarat State in the Rajya Sabha , the upper house .'}]}, {'value': 'Bharatiya Janata Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party', 'summary': "The Bharatiya Janata Party ( pronounced [ bʱaːrətiːjə dʒənətaː paːrʈiː ] ( listen ) ; translation : Indian People 's Party ; abbr . BJP ) is one of the two major political parties in India , along with the Indian National Congress . As of 2019 [ update ] , it is the country 's largest political party in terms of representation in the national parliament and state assemblies and is the world 's largest party in terms of primary membership . BJP is a right-wing party , and its policy has historically reflected Hindu nationalist positions . It has close ideological and organisational links to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh ( RSS ) . The BJP 's origin lies in the Bharatiya Jana Sangh , formed in 1951 by Syama Prasad Mukherjee . After the State of Emergency in 1977 , the Jana Sangh merged with several other parties to form the Janata Party ; it defeated the incumbent Congress party in the 1977 general election . After three years in power , the Janata party dissolved in 1980 with the members of the erstwhile Jana Sangh reconvening to form the BJP . Although initially unsuccessful , winning only two seats in the 1984 general election , it grew in strength on the back of the Ram Janmabhoomi movement . Following victories in several state elections and better performances in national elections , the BJP became the largest party in the parliament in 1996 ; however , it lacked a majority in the lower house of Parliament , and its government lasted only 13 days . After the 1998 general election , the BJP-led coalition known as the National Democratic Alliance ( NDA ) under Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee formed a government that lasted for a year . Following fresh elections , the NDA government , again headed by Vajpayee , lasted for a full term in office ; this was the first non-Congress government to do so ."}]}, {'value': '10-Apr-2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': '09-Apr-2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shambhuprasad Tundiya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shambhuprasad_Tundiya', 'summary': 'Shambhuprasad Tundiya is member of Bharatiya Janata Party and member of Rajya Sabha from Gujarat state for the term 2014-2020. , He is Very Well Known Mahant of Savgun Samadhisthan , Zanjarka and he is also SHEPHERD of Dalit Community . in September 2017 Bhartiya Janta party Gujrat Declare him a State President of Scheduled caste wing called by SC MORCHA . During 2007-2012 , he is a Member of Legislative assembly from Dasada constituency in Gujarat for its 12th legislative assembly'}]}, {'value': 'Bharatiya Janata Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party', 'summary': "The Bharatiya Janata Party ( pronounced [ bʱaːrətiːjə dʒənətaː paːrʈiː ] ( listen ) ; translation : Indian People 's Party ; abbr . BJP ) is one of the two major political parties in India , along with the Indian National Congress . As of 2019 [ update ] , it is the country 's largest political party in terms of representation in the national parliament and state assemblies and is the world 's largest party in terms of primary membership . BJP is a right-wing party , and its policy has historically reflected Hindu nationalist positions . It has close ideological and organisational links to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh ( RSS ) . The BJP 's origin lies in the Bharatiya Jana Sangh , formed in 1951 by Syama Prasad Mukherjee . After the State of Emergency in 1977 , the Jana Sangh merged with several other parties to form the Janata Party ; it defeated the incumbent Congress party in the 1977 general election . After three years in power , the Janata party dissolved in 1980 with the members of the erstwhile Jana Sangh reconvening to form the BJP . Although initially unsuccessful , winning only two seats in the 1984 general election , it grew in strength on the back of the Ram Janmabhoomi movement . Following victories in several state elections and better performances in national elections , the BJP became the largest party in the parliament in 1996 ; however , it lacked a majority in the lower house of Parliament , and its government lasted only 13 days . After the 1998 general election , the BJP-led coalition known as the National Democratic Alliance ( NDA ) under Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee formed a government that lasted for a year . Following fresh elections , the NDA government , again headed by Vajpayee , lasted for a full term in office ; this was the first non-Congress government to do so ."}]}, {'value': '10-Apr-2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': '09-Apr-2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lal Sinh Vadodia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lal_Sinh_Vadodia', 'summary': 'Lal Sinh Vadodia is politician of Bharatiya Janata Party and member of Rajya Sabha from Gujarat state for the term 2014-2020 . He resides at Umreth , Anand district , Gujarat .'}]}, {'value': 'Bharatiya Janata Party', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party', 'summary': "The Bharatiya Janata Party ( pronounced [ bʱaːrətiːjə dʒənətaː paːrʈiː ] ( listen ) ; translation : Indian People 's Party ; abbr . BJP ) is one of the two major political parties in India , along with the Indian National Congress . As of 2019 [ update ] , it is the country 's largest political party in terms of representation in the national parliament and state assemblies and is the world 's largest party in terms of primary membership . BJP is a right-wing party , and its policy has historically reflected Hindu nationalist positions . It has close ideological and organisational links to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh ( RSS ) . The BJP 's origin lies in the Bharatiya Jana Sangh , formed in 1951 by Syama Prasad Mukherjee . After the State of Emergency in 1977 , the Jana Sangh merged with several other parties to form the Janata Party ; it defeated the incumbent Congress party in the 1977 general election . After three years in power , the Janata party dissolved in 1980 with the members of the erstwhile Jana Sangh reconvening to form the BJP . Although initially unsuccessful , winning only two seats in the 1984 general election , it grew in strength on the back of the Ram Janmabhoomi movement . Following victories in several state elections and better performances in national elections , the BJP became the largest party in the parliament in 1996 ; however , it lacked a majority in the lower house of Parliament , and its government lasted only 13 days . After the 1998 general election , the BJP-led coalition known as the National Democratic Alliance ( NDA ) under Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee formed a government that lasted for a year . Following fresh elections , the NDA government , again headed by Vajpayee , lasted for a full term in office ; this was the first non-Congress government to do so ."}]}, {'value': '10-Apr-2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': '09-Apr-2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naranbhai Rathwa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naranbhai_Rathwa', 'summary': 'Naranbhai J. Rathwa ( born 1 June 1953 ) was a member of the 9th , 10th , 11th , 12th & 14th Lok Sabha of India . He represented the Chhota Udaipur constituency of Gujarat and is a member of the Indian National Congress . He was a Minister of State in the Ministry of Railways . He lost to Ramsinh Rathwa in 2009 Lok Sabha Elections'}]}, {'value': 'Indian National Congress', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indian_National_Congress', 'summary': "The Indian National Congress ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) ( INC , often called the Congress Party or simply Congress ) is a political party in India with widespread roots . Founded in 1885 , it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa . [ a ] From the late 19th century , and especially after 1920 , under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi , Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement . Congress led India to independence from Great Britain , [ b ] [ c ] and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire . [ d ] Congress is a big tent party whose liberal social democratic platform is generally considered to be on the centre-left of Indian politics . Congress ' social policy is based upon the Gandhian principle of Sarvodaya-the lifting up of all sections of society-which involves the improvement of the lives of economically underprivileged and socially marginalised people . On social and economic issues , it advocates liberty , social justice , equality , welfare state , along with progressive and secular society . The party 's constitution adheres to liberal-democratic socialist philosophy . After India 's independence in 1947 , Congress formed the central government of India , and many regional state governments . Congress became India 's dominant political party ; as of 2019 , in the 17 general elections since independence , it has won an outright majority on seven occasions and has led the ruling coalition a further three times , heading the central government for more than 54 years . There have been six Congress Prime Ministers , the first being Jawaharlal Nehru ( 1947-1964 ) , and the most recent Manmohan Singh ( 2004-2014 ) . Although it did not fare well in the last two general elections in India in 2014 and 2019 , it remains one of two major , nationwide , political parties in India , along with the right-wing , Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) ."}]}, {'value': '03-Apr-2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': '02-Apr-2024', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Amee Yajnik', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amee_Yajnik', 'summary': 'Amee Harshadray Yajnik is an Indian politician from Indian National Congress in the state of Gujarat . On 15 March 2018 she was elected unopposed to the Rajya Sabha from Gujarat .'}]}, {'value': 'Indian National Congress', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indian_National_Congress', 'summary': "The Indian National Congress ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) ( INC , often called the Congress Party or simply Congress ) is a political party in India with widespread roots . Founded in 1885 , it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa . [ a ] From the late 19th century , and especially after 1920 , under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi , Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement . Congress led India to independence from Great Britain , [ b ] [ c ] and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire . [ d ] Congress is a big tent party whose liberal social democratic platform is generally considered to be on the centre-left of Indian politics . Congress ' social policy is based upon the Gandhian principle of Sarvodaya-the lifting up of all sections of society-which involves the improvement of the lives of economically underprivileged and socially marginalised people . On social and economic issues , it advocates liberty , social justice , equality , welfare state , along with progressive and secular society . The party 's constitution adheres to liberal-democratic socialist philosophy . After India 's independence in 1947 , Congress formed the central government of India , and many regional state governments . Congress became India 's dominant political party ; as of 2019 , in the 17 general elections since independence , it has won an outright majority on seven occasions and has led the ruling coalition a further three times , heading the central government for more than 54 years . There have been six Congress Prime Ministers , the first being Jawaharlal Nehru ( 1947-1964 ) , and the most recent Manmohan Singh ( 2004-2014 ) . Although it did not fare well in the last two general elections in India in 2014 and 2019 , it remains one of two major , nationwide , political parties in India , along with the right-wing , Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) ."}]}, {'value': '03-Apr-2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': '02-Apr-2024', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ahmed Patel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ahmed_Patel', 'summary': "Ahmedbhai Mohammedbhai Patel , better known as Ahmed Patel ( born 21 August 1949 ) is currently serving as a Member of Parliament in India and a senior leader of the Indian National Congress party . He was the political secretary to the Congress President Sonia Gandhi from 2001 to 2017 . He is widely credited with the party 's performance in the 2004 and 2009 General elections . Patel has represented Gujarat seven times in the Parliament of India , three times in the lower house or Lok Sabha ( 1977-1989 ) and four times in the Upper House or Rajya Sabha ( since 1993 ) . He is the parliamentarian from the state of Gujarat . On 9 August 2017 Ahmed Patel again got elected to Rajya Sabha defeating BJP 's Balwant Singh . On 21 August 2018 Congress President Rahul Gandhi appointed him as the treasurer of the All India Congress Committee ."}]}, {'value': 'Indian National Congress', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indian_National_Congress', 'summary': "The Indian National Congress ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) ( INC , often called the Congress Party or simply Congress ) is a political party in India with widespread roots . Founded in 1885 , it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa . [ a ] From the late 19th century , and especially after 1920 , under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi , Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement . Congress led India to independence from Great Britain , [ b ] [ c ] and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire . [ d ] Congress is a big tent party whose liberal social democratic platform is generally considered to be on the centre-left of Indian politics . Congress ' social policy is based upon the Gandhian principle of Sarvodaya-the lifting up of all sections of society-which involves the improvement of the lives of economically underprivileged and socially marginalised people . On social and economic issues , it advocates liberty , social justice , equality , welfare state , along with progressive and secular society . The party 's constitution adheres to liberal-democratic socialist philosophy . After India 's independence in 1947 , Congress formed the central government of India , and many regional state governments . Congress became India 's dominant political party ; as of 2019 , in the 17 general elections since independence , it has won an outright majority on seven occasions and has led the ruling coalition a further three times , heading the central government for more than 54 years . There have been six Congress Prime Ministers , the first being Jawaharlal Nehru ( 1947-1964 ) , and the most recent Manmohan Singh ( 2004-2014 ) . Although it did not fare well in the last two general elections in India in 2014 and 2019 , it remains one of two major , nationwide , political parties in India , along with the right-wing , Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) ."}]}, {'value': '19-Aug-2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18-Aug-2023', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Madhusudan Mistry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madhusudan_Mistry', 'summary': 'Madhusudan Devram Mistry ( born 3 January 1945 ) is an Indian politician belonging to the Indian National Congress .'}]}, {'value': 'Indian National Congress', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indian_National_Congress', 'summary': "The Indian National Congress ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) ( INC , often called the Congress Party or simply Congress ) is a political party in India with widespread roots . Founded in 1885 , it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa . [ a ] From the late 19th century , and especially after 1920 , under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi , Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement . Congress led India to independence from Great Britain , [ b ] [ c ] and powerfully influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire . [ d ] Congress is a big tent party whose liberal social democratic platform is generally considered to be on the centre-left of Indian politics . Congress ' social policy is based upon the Gandhian principle of Sarvodaya-the lifting up of all sections of society-which involves the improvement of the lives of economically underprivileged and socially marginalised people . On social and economic issues , it advocates liberty , social justice , equality , welfare state , along with progressive and secular society . The party 's constitution adheres to liberal-democratic socialist philosophy . After India 's independence in 1947 , Congress formed the central government of India , and many regional state governments . Congress became India 's dominant political party ; as of 2019 , in the 17 general elections since independence , it has won an outright majority on seven occasions and has led the ruling coalition a further three times , heading the central government for more than 54 years . There have been six Congress Prime Ministers , the first being Jawaharlal Nehru ( 1947-1964 ) , and the most recent Manmohan Singh ( 2004-2014 ) . Although it did not fare well in the last two general elections in India in 2014 and 2019 , it remains one of two major , nationwide , political parties in India , along with the right-wing , Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party ( BJP ) ."}]}, {'value': '10-Apr-2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': '09-Apr-2020', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Gujarat', 'section_text': 'Main article : List of Rajya Sabha members from Gujarat Keys : BJP ( 7 ) INC ( 4 )', 'uid': 'List_of_members_of_the_Rajya_Sabha_7', 'intro': 'The Rajya Sabha or Council of States is the upper house of the Parliament of India. Membership is limited to 250 members, and the present Rajya Sabha has 245 members. 233 members are elected by the Vidhan Sabha members and 12 are nominated by the President for their contributions to art, literature, science, and social services. Members sits for six years term, with one-third of the members retiring every two years. The nominated and state-wise list given below lists the number of seats against each category (nominated and state-wise list) and the number of vacant seats (if any).'}
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What is the date of retirement of the man who cycles to the Parliament during sessions ?
02-Apr-2024
049b9e41fefa61b0
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_banking_families', 'title': 'List of banking families', 'header': ['Family', 'Companies', 'Place of origin', 'Principal countries of residence'], 'data': [{'value': 'Altoviti', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/House_of_Altoviti', 'summary': 'The Altoviti are a prominent noble family of Florence . Since the Medieval they were one of the most distinguished banking and political families appointed to the highest offices of the Republic of Florence , friends and patrons of Galileo Galilei , Vasari , Raphael and Michelangelo . Through a predominant endogamous marriage policy they established alliances with dynasties of principal and papal nobility as the Medici , Cybo , Aldobrandini , Rospigliosi , Sacchetti and Corsini . Since the fourteenth century they had a close personal relationship with papacy . Three popes have blood relations with the Altoviti ; Innocent VIII , Clement IX and Clement XII . Pope Innocent VIII was the uncle of La Papessa Dianora Altoviti Cybo . Her son Bindo Altoviti became one of the most influential papal bankers and patron of the arts of the Renaissance . The House of Altoviti is still present and possesses the title of marquis .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Florence', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florence', 'summary': "Florence ( /ˈflɒrəns/ FLORR-ənss ; Italian : Firenze [ fiˈrɛntse ] ( listen ) ) [ a ] is a city in central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region . It is the most populated city in Tuscany , with 383,084 inhabitants in 2013 , and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area . Florence was a centre of medieval European trade and finance and one of the wealthiest cities of that era . It is considered by many academics the birthplace of the Renaissance , and has been called the Athens of the Middle Ages . Its turbulent political history includes periods of rule by the powerful Medici family and numerous religious and republican revolutions . From 1865 to 1871 the city served as the capital of the Kingdom of Italy ( established in 1861 ) . The Florentine dialect forms the base of Standard Italian and it became the language of culture throughout Italy due to the prestige of the masterpieces by Dante Alighieri , Petrarch , Giovanni Boccaccio , Niccolò Machiavelli and Francesco Guicciardini . The city attracts millions of tourists each year , and UNESCO declared the Historic Centre of Florence a World Heritage Site in 1982 . The city is noted for its culture , Renaissance art and architecture and monuments . The city also contains numerous museums and art galleries , such as the Uffizi Gallery and the Palazzo Pitti , and still exerts an influence in the fields of art , culture and politics . Due to Florence 's artistic and architectural heritage , Forbes has ranked it as one of the most beautiful cities in the world . Florence plays an important role in Italian fashion , and is ranked in the top 15 fashion capitals of the world by Global Language Monitor ; furthermore , it is a major national economic centre , as well as a tourist and industrial hub ."}]}, {'value': 'Republic of Florence', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Republic_of_Florence', 'summary': "The Republic of Florence , also known as the Florentine Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Fiorentina , pronounced [ reˈpubblika fjorenˈtiːna ] , or Repubblica di Firenze ) , was a medieval and early modern state that was centered on the Italian city of Florence in Tuscany . The republic originated in 1115 , when the Florentine people rebelled against the Margraviate of Tuscany upon the death of Matilda of Tuscany , who controlled vast territories that included Florence . The Florentines formed a commune in her successors ' place . The republic was ruled by a council known as the Signoria of Florence . The signoria was chosen by the gonfaloniere ( titular ruler of the city ) , who was elected every two months by Florentine guild members . The Republic , despite having a large degree of autonomy , was formally part of the Holy Roman Empire throughout its existence . The republic had a checkered history of coups and counter-coups against various factions . The Medici faction gained governance of the city in 1434 under Cosimo de ' Medici . The Medici kept control of Florence until 1494 . Giovanni de ' Medici ( later Pope Leo X ) re-conquered the republic in 1512 . Florence repudiated Medici authority for a second time in 1527 , during the War of the League of Cognac . The Medici re-assumed their rule in 1531 after an 11-month siege of the city ."}]}, {'value': 'Bardi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bardi_family', 'summary': "The Bardi family were an influential Florentine family that started the powerful banking company Compagnia dei Bardi . In the 14th century the Bardis lent Edward III of England 900,000 gold florins , a debt which he failed to repay along with 600,000 florins borrowed from the Peruzzi family , leading to the collapse of both families ' banks . During the 15th century the Bardi family continued to operate in various European centres , playing a notable role in financing some of the early voyages of discovery to America including those by Christopher Columbus and John Cabot . The nobility of the Bardi family has been documented since the year 1164 , when Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa relinquished the county of Vernio to Count Alberto along with the right to confer the noble title on his descendents . Countess Margherita , the last of Albertos line , sold Vernio to her son-in-law , Piero de Bardi . Albertos property included a castle and nine communes located 22 miles from Florence on an area that bordered the Mugello . During the fourteenth century the Bardi family became so powerful that the Florentine government considered them a threat . They eventually were forced to sell their castle to Florence because fortified castles near the city were seen as a danger to the republic . In the 1290s , the Bardi and Peruzzi families had established branches in England and were the main European bankers by the 1320s . By the fourteenth century the Bardi and the Peruzzi family grew tremendously wealthy by offering financial services . These two families facilitated trade by providing the merchants with bills of exchange , known today as checks . What made it so simple was that money paid by a debtor in one town could be paid out to creditor just by presenting the bill in another town ."}]}, {'value': 'Compagnia dei Bardi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Compagnia_dei_Bardi', 'summary': "The Compagnia dei Bardi was a Florentine banking and trading company which was started by the Bardi family . The Bardi company was one of three major Florentine banking companies ( called super-companies by some modern scholars ) that assembled large amounts of capital and established wide-ranging , diversified business networks , doing business throughout the Mediterranean and in England . The Bardi traded oil and wine , and had close economic ties to southern Italy and Sicily . Their chief product , however , was high-quality woolen cloth . The Bardi were the largest of these super-companies and seem to have been 50 percent larger than their closest rival , the Peruzzi company . In 1344 , at about the same time as the Peruzzi company , the Bardi company went bankrupt and the Florentine writer Giovanni Villani blamed this on the repudiation of war loans by King Edward III of England . However , Villani was not an independent source ; his brother was a member of the Peruzzi company that also went bankrupt . Villanni said that Edward owed the Bardi 900,000 gold florins ( £135,000 ) and the Peruzzi 600,000 ( £90,000 ) . However , the Peruzzi 's records show that they never had that much capital to lend Edward III . Edward did not default on all his loans and repaid some with cash and others with royal grants of wool , a principal export of the English economy at the time . At the time Florence was going through a period of internal disputes and the third largest financial company , the Acciaiuoli , also went bankrupt and they did not lend any money to Edward . What loans Edward III did default on are likely only to have contributed to the financial problems in Florence , not caused them ."}]}, {'value': 'Florence', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florence', 'summary': "Florence ( /ˈflɒrəns/ FLORR-ənss ; Italian : Firenze [ fiˈrɛntse ] ( listen ) ) [ a ] is a city in central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region . It is the most populated city in Tuscany , with 383,084 inhabitants in 2013 , and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area . Florence was a centre of medieval European trade and finance and one of the wealthiest cities of that era . It is considered by many academics the birthplace of the Renaissance , and has been called the Athens of the Middle Ages . Its turbulent political history includes periods of rule by the powerful Medici family and numerous religious and republican revolutions . From 1865 to 1871 the city served as the capital of the Kingdom of Italy ( established in 1861 ) . The Florentine dialect forms the base of Standard Italian and it became the language of culture throughout Italy due to the prestige of the masterpieces by Dante Alighieri , Petrarch , Giovanni Boccaccio , Niccolò Machiavelli and Francesco Guicciardini . The city attracts millions of tourists each year , and UNESCO declared the Historic Centre of Florence a World Heritage Site in 1982 . The city is noted for its culture , Renaissance art and architecture and monuments . The city also contains numerous museums and art galleries , such as the Uffizi Gallery and the Palazzo Pitti , and still exerts an influence in the fields of art , culture and politics . Due to Florence 's artistic and architectural heritage , Forbes has ranked it as one of the most beautiful cities in the world . Florence plays an important role in Italian fashion , and is ranked in the top 15 fashion capitals of the world by Global Language Monitor ; furthermore , it is a major national economic centre , as well as a tourist and industrial hub ."}]}, {'value': 'Republic of Florence', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Republic_of_Florence', 'summary': "The Republic of Florence , also known as the Florentine Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Fiorentina , pronounced [ reˈpubblika fjorenˈtiːna ] , or Repubblica di Firenze ) , was a medieval and early modern state that was centered on the Italian city of Florence in Tuscany . The republic originated in 1115 , when the Florentine people rebelled against the Margraviate of Tuscany upon the death of Matilda of Tuscany , who controlled vast territories that included Florence . The Florentines formed a commune in her successors ' place . The republic was ruled by a council known as the Signoria of Florence . The signoria was chosen by the gonfaloniere ( titular ruler of the city ) , who was elected every two months by Florentine guild members . The Republic , despite having a large degree of autonomy , was formally part of the Holy Roman Empire throughout its existence . The republic had a checkered history of coups and counter-coups against various factions . The Medici faction gained governance of the city in 1434 under Cosimo de ' Medici . The Medici kept control of Florence until 1494 . Giovanni de ' Medici ( later Pope Leo X ) re-conquered the republic in 1512 . Florence repudiated Medici authority for a second time in 1527 , during the War of the League of Cognac . The Medici re-assumed their rule in 1531 after an 11-month siege of the city ."}]}, {'value': 'Baring', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baring_family', 'summary': 'The Baring family is a German and British family of merchants and bankers . In Germany the family belongs to the Bildungsbürgertum , whereas in England it belongs to the aristocracy .'}]}, {'value': 'Barings Bank , Baring Vostok Capital Partners', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barings_Bank', 'summary': "Barings Bank was a British merchant bank based in London , and the world 's second oldest merchant bank ( after Berenberg Bank ) . It was founded in 1762 by Francis Baring , a British-born member of the German-British Baring family of merchants and bankers . The bank collapsed in 1995 after suffering losses of £827 million ( £1.6 billion today ) resulting from fraudulent investments , primarily in futures contracts , conducted by its employee Nick Leeson , working at its office in Singapore ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Baring_Vostok_Capital_Partners', 'summary': "Baring Vostok Capital Partners is the largest independent private equity firm focused on investments in Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States . The Baring Vostok Private Equity Funds invest across a broad range of industries including oil and gas , consumer products , media and technology , telecommunications and financial services . The Investment Advisor of the Funds , Baring Vostok Capital Partners ( Guernsey ) several times since 2005 has been voted Russian Private Equity Firm of the Year by the readers of Private Equity International and Private Equity Online . The sub-advisor of BVCP has a branch office in Moscow with a team of 40 experienced investment professionals . From its founding in 1994 through 2004 , the firm was a subsidiary of Baring Private Equity International ( BPEP International ) which was an affiliate of Barings Bank . In addition to Baring Vostok , the affiliates of BPEP International include Baring Private Equity Asia as well as Baring Private Equity Partners India , founded in 1984 . BPEP International 's Latin America affiliate is known as GP Investments , a leading private equity firm in Brazil . Collectively , the firms represent over $ 12 billion in capital commitments as of the end of 2014 . With offices in Moscow , the firm has raised over $ 3.7 billion across five investment funds . The firms name vostok is the Russian word for east . Additionally , the Vostok spacecraft was the first manned spacecraft , operated by Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin . The firms founder Michael Calvey and five colleagues were arrested in February 2019 for allegedly defrauding Russian businessman Artem Avetisyan who is an associate of Putin and the FSB ."}]}, {'value': 'Bremen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bremen', 'summary': "The City Municipality of Bremen ( /ˈbreɪmən/ , also US : /ˈbrɛmən/ ; German : Stadtgemeinde Bremen , IPA : [ ˈʃtatɡəˌmaɪndə ˈbʁeːmən ] ( listen ) ; Low German also : Breem or Bräm ) is the capital of the German federal state Free Hanseatic City of Bremen ( also called just Bremen for short ) , a two-city-state consisting of the cities of Bremen and Bremerhaven . With around 570,000 inhabitants , the Hanseatic city is the 11th largest city of Germany as well as the second largest city in Northern Germany after Hamburg . Bremen is the largest city on the River Weser , the longest river flowing entirely in Germany , lying some 60 km ( 37 mi ) upstream from its mouth into the North Sea , and is surrounded by the state of Lower Saxony . A commercial and industrial city , Bremen is , together with Oldenburg and Bremerhaven , part of the Bremen/Oldenburg Metropolitan Region , with 2.5 million people . Bremen is contiguous with the Lower Saxon towns of Delmenhorst , Stuhr , Achim , Weyhe , Schwanewede and Lilienthal . There is an exclave of Bremen in Bremerhaven , the Citybremian Overseas Port Area Bremerhaven ( Stadtbremisches Überseehafengebiet Bremerhaven ) . Bremen is the fourth largest city in the Low German dialect area after Hamburg , Dortmund and Essen . Bremen 's port , together with the port of Bremerhaven at the mouth of the Weser , is the second largest port in Germany after the Port of Hamburg . The airport of Bremen ( Flughafen Bremen Hans Koschnick ) lies in the southern borough of Neustadt-Neuenland and is Germany 's 12th busiest airport . Bremen is a major cultural and economic hub of Northern Germany . The city is home to dozens of historical galleries and museums , ranging from historical sculptures to major art museums , such as the Bremen Overseas Museum ( Übersee-Museum Bremen ) . The Bremen City Hall and the Bremen Roland are UNESCO World Heritage Sites ."}]}, {'value': 'Germany , UK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Berenberg-Gossler-Seyler', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Berenberg-Gossler-Seyler_banking_dynasty', 'summary': "The Berenberg family ( Dutch for bear mountain ) was a Flemish-origined Hanseatic family of merchants , bankers and senators in Hamburg , with branches in London , Livorno and other European cities . The family was descended from the brothers Hans and Paul Berenberg from Antwerp , who came as Protestant refugees to the city-republic of Hamburg following the Fall of Antwerp in 1585 and who established what is now Berenberg Bank in Hamburg in 1590 . The Berenbergs were originally cloth merchants and became involved in merchant banking in the 17th century . Having existed continuously since 1590 , Berenberg Bank is the world 's oldest surviving merchant bank . The Berenberg banking family became extinct in the male line with Elisabeth Berenberg ( 1749-1822 ) ; she was married to Johann Hinrich Gossler , who became a co-owner of the bank in 1769 . From the late 18th century , the Gossler family , as owners of Berenberg Bank , rose to great prominence in Hamburg , and was widely considered one of Hamburg 's two most prominent families , along with the related Amsinck family . A branch of the family was later ennobled by Prussia as Barons of Berenberg-Gossler ( Hamburg was a republic and had no nobility ) . Several members of the Berenberg and Gossler families served in the Senate of Hamburg from 1735 , and Elisabeth Berenberg 's grandson Hermann Gossler became head of state of the city-republic . Richard J. Evans describes the family as one of Hamburg 's great business families . The Gossler Islands in Antarctica are named for the family . Elisabeth Berenberg and Johann Hinrich Gossler presently have descendants with names including ( Berenberg- ) Gossler , Paus , Bernstorff and other names . Members of the Berenberg family have founded several other companies ."}]}, {'value': 'Berenberg Bank', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Berenberg_Bank', 'summary': "Joh . Berenberg , Gossler & Co. KG , commonly known as Berenberg Bank and also branded as simply Berenberg , is a Hamburg-based multinational full-service investment bank . It was founded by the Flemish-origined Berenberg family in 1590 ( 430 years ago ) and is the world 's oldest merchant bank and also the world 's oldest or second oldest bank , depending on the definition . Its owners , the Berenberg/Gossler family , belonged to the ruling elite of Hanseatic merchants of the city-republic of Hamburg and several family members served in the city-state 's government from 1735 . Like many other merchant bankers , the Berenbergs were originally cloth merchants . The bank 's name refers to Johann Berenberg and his son-in-law Johann Hinrich Gossler , and has remained unchanged since 1791 . The bank has operated continuously since 1590 and is still part-owned by members of the Berenberg-Gossler family . Berenberg Bank is active in investment banking , particularly pan-European equity research , brokerage and capital markets transactions , in addition to private banking for wealthy customers and institutional asset management . Since the 2000s the company has increasingly focused on investment banking . Berenberg Bank has around 1,600 employees ; in addition to its headquarters in Hamburg , it has significant presences in London , Zurich , Frankfurt and New York City , and 11 further offices in Europe , the Americas and Asia . After years of expanding its activities in London , which is now the second largest office and seat of most of its investment banking activities , Berenberg Bank has recently focused on expanding in the United States and Asia . The bank is organized as a limited partnership with personally liable partners , and is noted for its conservative business strategy ."}]}, {'value': 'Antwerp', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Antwerp', 'summary': "Antwerp ( /ˈæntwɜːrp/ ( listen ) ; Dutch : Antwerpen [ ˈɑntʋɛrpə ( n ) ] ( listen ) ; French : Anvers [ ɑ̃vɛʁs ] ( listen ) ) is a city in Belgium , and is the capital of Antwerp province in the Flemish Region . With a population of 520,504 , it is the most populous city proper in Belgium , and with a metropolitan area housing around 1,200,000 people , it 's the second largest metropolitan region after Brussels in Belgium . Antwerp is on the River Scheldt , linked to the North Sea by the river 's Westerschelde estuary . It is about 40 kilometres ( 25 mi ) north of Brussels , and about 15 kilometres ( 9 mi ) south of the Dutch border . The Port of Antwerp is one of the biggest in the world , ranking second in Europe and within the top 20 globally . The city is also known for its diamond industry and trade . Both economically and culturally , Antwerp is and has long been an important city in the Low Countries , especially before and during the Spanish Fury ( 1576 ) and throughout and after the subsequent Dutch Revolt . Antwerp was also the place of the world 's oldest stock exchange building , originally built in 1531 and re-built in 1872 . The inhabitants of Antwerp are nicknamed Sinjoren ( Dutch pronunciation : [ sɪɲˈjoːrə ( n ) ] ) , after the Spanish honorific señor or French seigneur , lord , referring to the Spanish noblemen who ruled the city in the 17th century . The city hosted the 1920 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Belgium , Germany', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bordier', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bordier & Cie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bordier_&_Cie', 'summary': 'Bordier & Cie is a private bank with unlimited liability in Switzerland .'}]}, {'value': 'Geneva', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Geneva', 'summary': "Geneva ( /dʒɪˈniːvə/ jin-EE-və ; French : Genève [ ʒənɛv ] ( listen ) ; Arpitan : Genèva [ dzəˈnɛva ] ( listen ) ; German : Genf [ ɡɛnf ] ( listen ) ; Italian : Ginevra [ dʒiˈneːvra ] ; Romansh : Genevra ) is the second-most populous city in Switzerland ( after Zürich ) and the most populous city of Romandy , the French-speaking part of Switzerland . Situated where the Rhône exits Lake Geneva , it is the capital of the Republic and Canton of Geneva . The municipality ( ville de Genève ) has a population ( as of December 2018 [ update ] ) of 201,818 , and the canton ( essentially the city and its inner-ring suburbs ) has 499,480 residents . In 2014 , the compact agglomération du Grand Genève had 946,000 inhabitants in 212 communities in both Switzerland and France . Within Swiss territory , the commuter area named Métropole lémanique contains a population of 1.26 million . This area is essentially spread east from Geneva towards the Riviera area ( Vevey , Montreux ) and north-east towards Yverdon-les-Bains , in the neighbouring canton of Vaud . Geneva is a global city , a financial centre , and a worldwide centre for diplomacy due to the presence of numerous international organizations , including the headquarters of many agencies of the United Nations and the Red Cross . Geneva hosts the highest number of international organizations in the world . It is also where the Geneva Conventions were signed , which chiefly concern the treatment of wartime non-combatants and prisoners of war . In 2017 , Geneva was ranked as the world 's fifteenth most important financial centre for competitiveness by the Global Financial Centres Index , fifth in Europe behind London , Zürich , Frankfurt and Luxembourg . In 2019 Geneva was ranked among the ten most liveable cities in the world by Mercer together with Zürich and Basel . The city has been referred to as the world 's most compact metropolis and the Peace Capital ."}]}, {'value': 'Switzerland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Botín', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emilio_Botín', 'summary': "Emilio Botín-Sanz de Sautuola y García de los Ríos , iure uxoris Marquess of O'Shea ( 1 October 1934 - 10 September 2014 ) was a Spanish banker . He was the executive chairman of Spain 's Grupo Santander . In 1993 his bank absorbed Banco Español de Crédito ( Banesto ) , and in 1999 it merged with Banco Central Hispano creating Banco Santander Central Hispano ( BSCH ) , which became Spain 's largest bank , of which he was co-president with Central Hispano 's José María Amusategui , until Amusategui retired in 2002 . In 2004 , BSCH acquired the British bank Abbey National , making BSCH the second largest bank in Europe by market capitalisation . He was known for his obsession with growth and performance as well as regularly visiting branches ."}]}, {'value': 'Banco Santander , Bankinter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Banco_Santander', 'summary': "Banco Santander , S.A. , doing business as Santander Group ( /ˌsɑːntɑːnˈdɛər/ ) , is a Spanish multinational commercial bank and financial services company based in Madrid and Santander in Spain . Additionally , Santander maintains a presence in all global financial centres as the 16th-largest banking institution in the world . Although known for its European banking operations , it has extended operations across North and South America , and more recently in continental Asia . Many subsidiaries , such as Abbey National , have been rebranded under the Santander name . The company is a component of the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index . In May 2016 , Santander was ranked as 37th in the Forbes Global 2000 list of the world 's biggest public companies . Santander is Spain 's largest bank . As of 2017 , Santander is the 5th largest bank in Europe with approximately US $ 1.4 trillion in total assets-under-management ( AUM ) . Traded on the Euro Stoxx 50 stock market index , the bank has a total market capitalization of $ 69.9 billion ."}]}, {'value': 'Santander', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santander,_Spain', 'summary': 'Santander [ a ] is the capital of the autonomous community and historical region of Cantabria situated on the north coast of Spain . It is a port city located east of Gijón and west of Bilbao with a population of 172,000 ( 2017 ) . It is believed to have been a port since ancient times , due to its favorable location , and is documented as far back as the 11th century . Much of the medieval city was lost in the Great Fire of 1941 . Today , its remaining old town , beach and other attractions are popular with tourists and other visitors and its economy is mainly service based . The port is still very active and a regular ferry service operates to the United Kingdom . Fish and seafood dominate the local cuisine . Santander notably houses the headquarters of multinational bank Banco Santander , which was founded there .'}]}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cerchi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cerchi_family', 'summary': "The Florentine banking family of the Cerchi , minor nobles of the Valdarno , with a seat especially at Acone near Pontassieve , settled in Florence in the early thirteenth century and increased their fortunes . The family became the heads of a consortium of the prominent Guelfs that securely controlled Florence after the battle of Benevento in 1266 . In Florence , the Cerchi purchased some of the ancient structures in the closely packed inner city formerly belonging to the counts Guidi , cheek-by-jowl with the proud Florentine family of the Donati , with whom their growing mutual antagonism was expressed in violent episodes that polarized Florence within a couple of decades in a virtual civil war that aligned behind two captains , Corso Donati of the Neri Guelf faction - the Black Guelfs of the old noble oligarchy - and Vieri de ' Cerchi of the Bianchi , the moderate party that represented itself as champions of working people ( the magri ) . The resulting violence lasted , with irruptions of tranquility , into the fourteenth century . In 1289 a plot had been intercepted at Arezzo , by which the city 's bishop agreed to give over to the Florentines Bibbiena Civitella , and all the villages of his see , in return for a life annuity of 5,000 golden florins a year , guaranteed by the bank of the Cerchi . These rumors led to the confrontation of Guelfs and Ghibellines at the Battle of Campaldino , 11 June 1289 , in which the young Dante Alighieri took part and Vieri dei Cerchi lost his life . In the popular uprising of 2 May 1299 , the podestà Corso Donati was expelled , and with him the Donati faction . The Cerchi faction prevailed . In May the following year a brawl between Donati and Cerchi erupted , in which one of the Cerchi had his nose slit , but plots to restore Donati , who had become podestà of Orvieto , were unsuccessful . Matters were complicated when Pope Boniface VIII sent Carlo of Valois , brother of The king of France Philip IV to restore peace between Bianchi and Neri . He favoured the Neri : Dante , who had married Gemma Donati , was among those Bianchi dispossessed and banished in 1302 , and marked Boniface as destined for the eighth circle of Hell in his Inferno . In Florence , the house of the Alighieri was a few hundred paces from the cluster of tower houses of the Cerchi , which were restructured in the fourteenth century to form a rambling Palazzo dei Cerchi in the isolated block ( insula ) fronting via dei Cimatori and via della Condotta behind Piazza della Signoria ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Valdarno , Tuscany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Valdarno', 'summary': "The Valdarno is the valley of the river Arno , although it does not apply to the entire basin of the river . The usage of the term generally excludes Casentino and the valleys formed by the major tributaries , such as the Val di Chiana , the Val d'Ambra , The valley of the Sieve , namely Mugello , the Valdelsa , and the Valdera . The areas surrounding the towns of Arezzo , Florence and Pisa is also excluded . The most important towns are :"}]}, {'value': 'Republic of Florence', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chigi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chigi_family', 'summary': 'The Chigi family is a Roman princely family of Sienese extraction descended from the counts of Ardenghesca , which possessed castles in the Maremma , southern Tuscany . The earliest authentic mention of them is in the 13th century , with one Alemanno , counsellor of the Republic of Siena .'}]}, {'value': 'Banco Chigi', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Siena', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Republic of Siena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Republic_of_Siena', 'summary': 'The Republic of Siena ( Italian : Repubblica di Siena ) was a historic state consisting of the city of Siena and its surrounding territory in Tuscany , central Italy . It existed for over four hundred years , from 1125 to 1555 . In the Italian War of 1551-59 the republic was defeated by the rival Duchy of Florence in alliance with the Spanish crown . After 18 months of resistance , the Republic of Siena surrendered to the Spanish Empire on 21 April 1555 , marking the end of the republic .'}]}, {'value': 'Clifford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clifford_family_(bankers)', 'summary': 'The Clifford family was a family of bankers , merchants and regenten of English descent who were active in Amsterdam during the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries . The family originated in northern England , although the surname originated in the village of Clifford , Herefordshire . Northern England was the home of the noble Clifford family , since Roger Clifford was born in Cumberland and died in Brough Castle in Westmorland . There is no evidence that the Clifford banking family is descended from a nobleman named Clifford , who fought for William I of England .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clifford , Herefordshire', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clifford,_Herefordshire', 'summary': 'Clifford is a village and civil parish in Herefordshire , England , four miles to the north of Hay-on-Wye . It lies on the south bank of the River Wye , which here forms the border between Wales and England . Through the village runs the B4350 which is the main road . The civil parish also includes the hamlets of Priory Wood and Hardwicke . There has been a fluctuation in population , the graph shows that the population was higher in the 2001 census , stating there was a population of 530 . Newton Tump is the remains of a motte and bailey castle 3 miles southeast of the village . In the 1870s , Clifford was described as :'}]}, {'value': 'UK , The Netherlands', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Coutts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Money-Coutts', 'summary': 'Sir David Burdett Money-Coutts KCVO ( 19 July 1931 - 25 June 2012 ) was an English banker , the seventh generation of the Coutts banking family . He was managing director of Coutts bank from 1970 and chairman from 1976 to 1993 . Money-Coutts was known as a reserved character with an eye for detail . He was a practical man . He was a friend of David Silsoe , second Baron Silsoe , and worshipped at the same church . He was educated at Eton and , after National Service with the 1st The Royal Dragoons , read PPE at New College , Oxford , graduating in 1954 . The surname Money came from his paternal ancestor , the Rev James Money , who had married Clara Burdett , a granddaughter of Thomas Coutts . The hyphenated Money-Coutts was adopted by James and Claras descendants , and in 1912 the ancient barony of Latymer was revived in favour of Davids great-grandfather , Francis Money-Coutts . As a personal banker to the royal family , he was appointed KCVO in 1991 . Other directorships included chairmanship of the investment group M & G , deputy chairmanship of the discount house Gerrard & National and a directorship of Phoenix Assurance , Dun & Bradstreet , the credit reference agency and NatWest ( from 1976 to 1990 ) . He was a governor of Middlesex Hospital , a member of the Kensington , Chelsea and Westminster Area Health Authority , chairman of the Medical Schools Council and a trustee of the Multiple Sclerosis Society of Great Britain . He was chairman of the Scout Foundation and the Old Etonian Trust .'}]}, {'value': 'Coutts & Co', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Coutts_&_Co', 'summary': "Coutts & Company /ˈkuːts/ is a private bank and wealth manager . Founded in 1692 , it is the eighth oldest bank in the world . Today , Coutts forms part of RBS Group 's wealth management division . In the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man , Coutts Crown Dependencies operates as a trading name of The Royal Bank of Scotland International Limited ."}]}, {'value': 'London', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fugger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fugger', 'summary': "Fugger ( German pronunciation : [ ˈfʊɡɐ ] ) is a German bourgeois family that was historically a prominent group of European bankers , members of the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century mercantile patriciate of Augsburg , international mercantile bankers , and venture capitalists . Alongside the Welser family , the Fugger family controlled much of the European economy in the sixteenth century and accumulated enormous wealth . The Fuggers held a near monopoly on the European copper market . This banking family replaced the de ' Medici family , who influenced all of Europe during the Renaissance . The Fuggers took over many of the Medicis ' assets and their political power and influence . They were closely affiliated with the House of Habsburg whose rise to world power they financed . Unlike the citizenry of their hometown , they never converted to Lutheranism as presented in the Augsburg Confession but rather remained with the Roman Catholic Church . Jakob Fugger the Rich was elevated to the nobility of the Holy Roman Empire in May 1511 and assumed the title Imperial Count of Kirchberg and Weissenhorn in 1514 . Today he is considered to be one of the wealthiest people ever to have lived . The company was dissolved in 1657 , however the Fuggers remained wealthy landowners and ruled the County of Kirchberg and Weissenhorn . The Babenhausen branch became Princes of the Holy Roman Empire in 1803 , the Glött branch princes in the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1914 ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Augsburg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Augsburg', 'summary': "Augsburg ( UK : /ˈaʊɡzbɜːrɡ/ OWGZ-burg , US : /ˈɔːɡz-/ AWGZ- , German : [ ˈʔaʊksbʊʁk ] ( listen ) ; Swabian German : Augschburg ) is a city in Swabia , Bavaria , Germany . It is a university town and regional seat of the Regierungsbezirk Schwaben . Augsburg is an urban district and home to the institutions of the Landkreis Augsburg . It is the third-largest city in Bavaria ( after Munich and Nuremberg ) with a population of 300,000 inhabitants , with 885,000 in its metropolitan area . After Neuss and Trier , Augsburg is Germany 's third oldest city , founded in 15 BC by the Romans as Augusta Vindelicorum , named after the Roman emperor Augustus . It was a Free Imperial City from 1276 to 1803 and the home of the patrician Fugger and Welser families that dominated European banking in the 16th century . The city played a leading role in the Reformation as the site of the 1530 Augsburg Confession and 1555 Peace of Augsburg . The Fuggerei , the oldest social housing complex in the world , was founded in 1513 by Jakob Fugger . In 2019 , UNESCO recognized the Water Management System of Augsburg as a World Heritage Site ."}]}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Goldman-Sachs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goldman–Sachs_family', 'summary': "The Goldman-Sachs family is a family of German Jewish descent known for the leading investment bank Goldman Sachs . Marcus Goldman 's youngest daughter , Louisa , married Samuel Sachs , the son of close friends and fellow Lower Franconia , Bavaria immigrants . Louisa 's older sister and Sam 's older brother had already married . His oldest son , Julius Goldman , married Sarah Adler , daughter of Samuel Adler . In 1882 , Goldman invited his son-in-law Samuel to join him in the business and changed the firm 's name to M. Goldman and Sachs . For almost fifty years , all the partners came from the extended family ."}]}, {'value': 'Goldman Sachs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goldman_Sachs', 'summary': 'The Goldman Sachs Group , Inc. , is an American multinational investment bank and financial services company headquartered in New York City . It offers services in investment management , securities , asset management , prime brokerage , and securities underwriting . The bank is one of the largest investment banking enterprises in the world , and is a primary dealer in the United States Treasury security market and more generally , a prominent market maker . The group also owns Goldman Sachs Bank USA , a direct bank . Goldman Sachs was founded in 1869 and is headquartered at 200 West Street in Lower Manhattan with additional offices in other international financial centers . As a result of its involvement in securitization during the subprime mortgage crisis , Goldman Sachs suffered during the financial crisis of 2007-2008 , and received a $ 10 billion investment from the United States Department of the Treasury as part of the Troubled Asset Relief Program , a financial bailout created by the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 . The investment was made in November 2008 and was repaid in June 2009 . Former employees of Goldman Sachs have moved on to government positions . Notable examples includes former U.S . Secretaries of the Treasury Robert Rubin and Henry Paulson ; current United States Secretary of the Treasury Steven Mnuchin ; former Under Secretary of State John C. Whitehead ; former chief economic advisor Gary Cohn ; United States Senator and former Governor of New Jersey Jon Corzine ; former Prime Minister of Italy Mario Monti ; European Central Bank President Mario Draghi ; former Bank of Canada Governor and current Governor of the Bank of England Mark Carney ; and the former Prime Minister of Australia Malcolm Turnbull . In addition , former Goldman employees have headed the New York Stock Exchange , the World Bank , and competing banks such as Citigroup and Merrill Lynch . The company is ranked 62nd on the Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue .'}]}, {'value': 'New York', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'USA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gondi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gondi_family', 'summary': "The Florentine banking family of the Gondi were prominent financial partners of the Medici . Unlike the Medici , they were of the old Florentine nobility , tracing their line traditionally from the legendary Philippi , said to have been ennobled by Charlemagne himself , in 805 ; from him the Strozzi and the Gualfreducci also claimed their descent . With Orlando Bellicozzo , a member of the Great Council of Florence in 1197 , the Gondi emerge into history , receiving their patronymic from Gondo Gondi , sitting on the Great Council in 1251 , signatory to a treaty between Florence and Genoa in that year . In the fourteenth century several members of the family sat on the Great Council . Simon de Gondi renounced the Ghibelline party for himself and his house , in 1351 ; he loaned the Republic 8000 golden florins in a time of extremity . He held extensive lands round Valcava , in the Mugello , where the church bore the Gondi arms inside and out . Of Simon 's seven children , his grandson another Simon was the first of the Gondi to hold the position of Grand Prior of the Republic , on three occasions . His daughter Maddalena , who married Giovanni Salviati , by the marriage of her daughter Maria with Giovanni dalle Bande Nere , became the grandmother of Cosimo I de ' Medici ; thence were descended all the Catholic crowned heads of pre-Napoleonic Europe . Carlo de Gondi was a staunch backer of Piero de ' Medici , and when the Medici came to be Grand Dukes , the Gondi received empty but honorary titles of Senators . The Palazzo Gondi in Piazza San Firenze , Florence , the central seat of the family , was built from 1489 to 1495 to designs of Giuliano da Sangallo for Giuliano Gondi ; it later passed to the Orlandini [ citation needed ] . The cortile is enclosed by colonnaded loggias ; the staircase is remarkable for its fine balustrade infilled with animals and foliage . At the head of the interior staircase , leading to the principal apartments , is the statue of the Roman senator , taken from the supposed Temple of Isis ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Florence', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Republic of Florence', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hoare', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sir_Richard_Hoare', 'summary': 'Sir Richard Hoare ( 1648 - 6 January 1719 ) was the founder of C. Hoare & Co , the oldest extant bank in the United Kingdom .'}]}, {'value': 'C. Hoare & Co', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/C._Hoare_&_Co', 'summary': 'C. Hoare & Co. , also known as Hoares , is a British private bank , founded in 1672 by Sir Richard Hoare ; it remains family-owned and is currently managed by the eleventh generation of his direct descendants . It is the second oldest bank in the United Kingdom and reputedly the fifth oldest in the world . C. Hoare & Co. provides private banking services that include loans , mortgages and savings accounts , as well as tax and estate planning services . Over the years , its clients have included Samuel Pepys , John Dryden , Jane Austen and numerous members of the aristocracy ; today , they are primarily high-net-worth individuals and families . The bank currently has two branches in London , 37 Fleet Street and 32 Lowndes Street ; in March 2019 , it opened a branch in Cambridge .'}]}, {'value': 'London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London', 'summary': "London is the capital and largest city of England and of the United Kingdom . Standing on the River Thames in the south-east of England , at the head of its 50-mile ( 80 km ) estuary leading to the North Sea , London has been a major settlement for two millennia . Londinium was founded by the Romans . The City of London , London 's ancient core − an area of just 1.12 square miles ( 2.9 km2 ) and colloquially known as the Square Mile − retains boundaries that closely follow its medieval limits . [ note 1 ] The City of Westminster is also an Inner London borough holding city status . Greater London is governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly . [ note 2 ] London is considered to be one of the world 's most important global cities and has been termed the world 's most powerful , most desirable , most influential , most visited , most expensive , innovative , sustainable , most investment friendly , and most popular for work city . London exerts a considerable impact upon the arts , commerce , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , professional services , research and development , tourism and transportation . London ranks 26th out of 300 major cities for economic performance . It is one of the largest financial centres and has either the fifth or the sixth largest metropolitan area GDP . [ note 3 ] It is the most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the busiest city airport system as measured by passenger traffic . It is the leading investment destination , hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city ."}]}, {'value': 'UK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hope', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Hope_(1704–1779)', 'summary': 'Thomas Hope ( 1704 , Rotterdam - 26 December 1779 , Amsterdam ) was a Dutch banker and administrator of the VOC .'}]}, {'value': 'Hope & Co. ( later part of ABN-Amro )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hope_&_Co.', 'summary': 'Hope & Co. is the name of a famous Dutch bank that spanned two and a half centuries . Though the founders were Scotsmen , the bank was located in Amsterdam , and at the close of the 18th century it had offices in London as well .'}, {'url': '/wiki/ABN-Amro', 'summary': "ABN AMRO Bank N.V. is a Dutch bank with headquarters in Amsterdam . ABN AMRO Bank is the third-largest bank in the Netherlands . It was re-established in its current form in 2009 , following the acquisition and break-up of the original ABN AMRO by a banking consortium consisting of Royal Bank of Scotland Group , Santander Group and Fortis . Following the collapse of Fortis , who acquired the Dutch business , it was nationalized by the Dutch government along with Fortis Bank Nederland . It was relisted as a public company again in 2015 . The bank is a product of a long history of mergers and acquisitions that date to 1765 . In 1991 , Algemene Bank Nederland ( ABN ) and AMRO Bank ( itself the result of a merger of the Amsterdamsche Bank and the Rotterdamsche Bank in the 1960s ) agreed to merge to create the original ABN AMRO . By 2007 , ABN AMRO was the second-largest bank in the Netherlands and the eighth-largest in Europe by assets . At that time the magazine The Banker and Fortune Global 500 placed it 15th in the list of world 's biggest banks and it had operations in 63 countries , with over 110,000 employees . In October 2007 , a consortium of the Royal Bank of Scotland Group , Fortis and Banco Santander , known as RFS Holdings B.V. acquired the bank , in what was the world 's biggest bank takeover to date . Consequently , the bank was divided into three parts , each owned by one of the members of the consortium . However , RBS and Fortis soon ran into serious trouble : the large debt created to fund the takeover had depleted the banks ' reserves just as the financial crisis of 2007-2010 started ."}]}, {'value': 'Amsterdam', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Netherlands', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hottinger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hottinger', 'summary': 'Hottinger or Hottinguer is a surname . Notable people with the surname include :'}]}, {'value': 'Hottinger Group', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paris', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France , Switzerland , UK', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hochstetter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hochstetter', 'summary': 'The family of Höchstetter ( also rendered Hechstetter or Hochstetter ) from Höchstädt in western Bavaria near the banks of the Danube were members of the fifteenth and sixteenth-century mercantile patriciate of Augsburg . For a time , these international mercantile bankers and venture capitalists - whose most notorious member was Ambrosius Höchstetter ( 1463 - 1534 ) - were on a par with the Fugger and the Welser houses . Like other Augsburg bankers , they provided loans to Emperor Maximilian I ( reigned 1508-1519 ) . The accumulating wealth of Augsburg relied on control of metal ores - the gold , silver and copper of Bohemia , Slovakia , Hungary and the Tyrol - and their refining and marketing . The Hochstetter company drew upon investments as small as a few florins , but the total invested with him required Ambrosius Höchstetter to pay out up to a million florins a year in interest . He successfully cornered for brief periods local markets in ash timber , grain and certain wines . Grain hoarding is never a popular practice , and Ambrosius was accused [ by whom ? ] of adulterating the spices in which he traded . His son and son-in-law lost spectacular sums in gambling . Then in 1529 Ambrosius Höchstetter tried to engross the whole quicksilver stock in a cartel ; this failed attempt to corner the market led to his bankruptcy ( 1529 ) for 800,000 gulden , for which he would die in prison . Rising prices bring out a hidden supply , and the size of the required investment had become too large for even the greatest merchant-banking house to monopolize , as the Fuggers discovered with their attempt on the copper market . Figures representing the enormous profits of the Hochstetter at their height became public after a certain Bartholomew Rem invested 900 gulden in the Hochstetter company in 1511 ; by 1517 he claimed a profit of 33,000 gulden .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Höchstädt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Höchstädt_an_der_Donau', 'summary': 'Höchstädt an der Donau is a town in the district of Dillingen , Bavaria , Germany . It is situated near the banks of the Danube River . It consists of the following suburbs : Höchstädt an der Donau , Deisenhofen , Oberglauheim , Schwennenbach and Sonderheim . The town is the seat of the municipal association Höchstädt an der Donau , which includes the towns Blindheim , Finningen , Lutzingen and Schwenningen . In the fifteenth and sixteenth century , the wealthy mercantile family Höchstetter , which came from the town , was part of the mercantile patriciate of Augsburg . In the early 18th century , the town was the site of two battles . The first Battle of Höchstädt ( German : Schlacht von Höchstädt ) on 20 September 1703 cost over 5,000 lives . A year later in 1704 , the Battle of Blenheim ( or Second Battle of Höchstädt also German : Schlacht von Höchstädt ) between the Austrian and British forces ( led by John Churchill , 1st Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene of Savoy ) on the one side , and Bavarian and French troops ( commanded by Maximilian II Emanuel , Elector of Bavaria , and the Comte de Tallard ) on the other side . The carnage of that battle was so horrific ( over 20,000 men had died at the end of the day ) that farmers are said to still dig up skulls from the fields today , as described in the poem After Blenheim , written by Robert Southey , which tells about children finding the skull of one of the . many thousand men , said he , Were slain in that great victory . In June 1800 , the armies of the French First Republic , under command of Jean Victor Moreau , fought Habsburg regulars and Württemberg contingents , under the general command of Pál Kray . Kray had taken refuge in the fortress at Ulm ; Moreau diverted his army to approach Ulm from the east and , after a small group of men captured a foothold on the northern bank of the Danube , his forces were able to move against the fortress on both sides of the river .'}]}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Medici', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/House_of_Medici', 'summary': "The House of Medici ( English : /ˈmɛdɪtʃi/ MED-i-chee or UK : /məˈdiːtʃi/ mə-DEE-chee , Italian : [ ˈmɛːditʃi ] ) was an Italian banking family and political dynasty that first began to gather prominence under Cosimo de ' Medici in the Republic of Florence during the first half of the 15th century . The family originated in the Mugello region of Tuscany , and prospered gradually until it was able to fund the Medici Bank . This bank was the largest in Europe during the 15th century , and it facilitated the Medicis ' rise to political power in Florence , although they officially remained citizens rather than monarchs until the 16th century . The Medici produced four Popes of the Catholic Church - Pope Leo X ( 1513-1521 ) , Pope Clement VII ( 1523-1534 ) , Pope Pius IV ( 1559-1565 ) and Pope Leo XI ( 1605 ) - and two queens of France - Catherine de ' Medici ( 1547-1589 ) and Marie de ' Medici ( 1600-1630 ) . In 1532 , the family acquired the hereditary title Duke of Florence . In 1569 , the duchy was elevated to the Grand Duchy of Tuscany after territorial expansion . The Medici ruled the Grand Duchy from its inception until 1737 , with the death of Gian Gastone de ' Medici . The grand duchy witnessed degrees of economic growth under the early grand dukes , but was bankrupt by the time of Cosimo III de ' Medici ( r. 1670-1723 ) . The Medicis ' wealth and influence was initially derived from the textile trade guided by the wool guild of Florence , the Arte della Lana . Like other families ruling in Italian signorie , the Medici dominated their city 's government , were able to bring Florence under their family 's power , and created an environment in which art and humanism flourished . They and other families of Italy inspired the Italian Renaissance , such as the Visconti and Sforza in Milan , the Este in Ferrara , the Borgia in Rome , and the Gonzaga in Mantua . The Medici Bank , from when it was created in 1397 to its fall in 1494 , was one of the most prosperous and respected institutions in Europe , and the Medici family was considered the wealthiest in Europe for a time ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Florence', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Republic of Florence', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mellon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mellon_family', 'summary': 'The Mellon family is a wealthy and influential American family from Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , whose members include one of the longest-serving U.S. Treasury Secretaries .'}]}, {'value': 'Bank of New York Mellon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bank_of_New_York_Mellon', 'summary': "The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation , doing business as BNY Mellon , is an American worldwide banking and financial services holding company headquartered in New York City . It was formed on July 1 , 2007 , as a result of the merger of The Bank of New York and Mellon Financial Corporation . It is by far the world 's largest custodian bank and asset servicing company , with $ 1.9 trillion in assets under management and $ 35.8 trillion in assets under custody as of the third quarter of 2019 . BNY Mellon is incorporated in New York . Through its Bank of New York predecessor , it is one of the three oldest banking corporations in the United States , and among the oldest banks in the world , having been established in June 1784 by a group that included American Founding Father Alexander Hamilton , and Aaron Burr . Mellon had been founded in 1869 by the Mellon family of Pittsburgh , which included Secretary of the Treasury Andrew W. Mellon ."}]}, {'value': 'Pittsburgh , PA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pittsburgh,_PA', 'summary': 'Pittsburgh ( /ˈpɪtsbɜːrɡ/ PITS-burg ) is a city in the state of Pennsylvania in the United States , and is the county seat of Allegheny County . A population of about 302,407 ( 2018 ) residents live within the city limits , making it the 66th-largest city in the U.S . The metropolitan population of 2,324,743 is the largest in both the Ohio Valley and Appalachia , the second-largest in Pennsylvania ( behind Philadelphia ) , and the 27th-largest in the U.S. Pittsburgh is located in the southwest of the state , at the confluence of the Allegheny , Monongahela , and Ohio rivers . Pittsburgh is known both as the Steel City for its more than 300 steel-related businesses and as the City of Bridges for its 446 bridges . The city features 30 skyscrapers , two inclined railways , a pre-revolutionary fortification and the Point State Park at the confluence of the rivers . The city developed as a vital link of the Atlantic coast and Midwest , as the mineral-rich Allegheny Mountains made the area coveted by the French and British empires , Virginians , Whiskey Rebels , and Civil War raiders . Aside from steel , Pittsburgh has led in manufacturing of aluminum , glass , shipbuilding , petroleum , foods , sports , transportation , computing , autos , and electronics . For part of the 20th century , Pittsburgh was behind only New York City and Chicago in corporate headquarters employment ; it had the most U.S. stockholders per capita . Deindustrialization in the 1970s and 80s laid off area blue-collar workers as steel and other heavy industries declined , and thousands of downtown white-collar workers also lost jobs when several Pittsburgh-based companies moved out . The population dropped from a peak of 675,000 in 1950 to 370,000 in 1990 . However , this rich industrial history left the area with renowned museums , medical centers , parks , research centers , and a diverse cultural district . After the deindustrialization of the mid-20th century , Pittsburgh has transformed into a hub for the health care , education , and technology industries .'}]}, {'value': 'USA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Metzler', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Metzler Bank', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Metzler_Bank', 'summary': "The B. Metzler seel . Sohn & Co. KGaA is a private banking company in Frankfurt , Germany . Metzler traces its origins to a trading company established 1674 by Benjamin Metzler in Frankfurt and is Germanys second oldest bank ( after Berenberg Bank ) and the world 's 5th oldest . The Metzler has been owned continuously and exclusively by the founding family since its foundation in 1674 . Since 1971 Friedrich von Metzler has been leading the bank in the 11th generation as personally liable partner of the banking house . End of May 2018 he retired from the executive committee ."}]}, {'value': 'Frankfurt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frankfurt', 'summary': "Frankfurt ( officially : Frankfurt am Main ( German : [ ˈfʁaŋkfʊʁt ʔam ˈmaɪn ] ( listen ) ; Hessian : Frangford am Maa ; lit . Frank ford on the [ a ] Main ) ) is a metropolis and the largest city of the German federal state of Hesse , and its 746,878 ( 2017 ) inhabitants make it the fifth-largest city in Germany . On the River Main ( a tributary of the Rhine ) , it forms a continuous conurbation with the neighbouring city of Offenbach am Main , and its urban area has a population of 2.3 million . The city is at the centre of the larger Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region , which has a population of 5.5 million and is Germany 's second-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr Region . Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013 , the geographic centre of the EU is about 40 km ( 25 mi ) to the east of Frankfurt 's central business district . Like France and Franconia , the city is named after the Franks . Frankfurt is the largest city in the Rhine Franconian dialect area ( Franconian dialects ) , Frankfurt was one of the host cities of the official tournaments of the 1974 and the 2006 FIFA World Cup . Frankfurt was a city state , the Free City of Frankfurt , for nearly five centuries , and was one of the most important cities of the Holy Roman Empire , as a site of imperial coronations ; it lost its sovereignty upon the collapse of the empire in 1806 and then permanently in 1866 , when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia . It has been part of the federal state of Hesse since 1945 . Frankfurt is culturally , ethnically , and religiously diverse , with half of its population , and a majority of young people , having a migration background . A quarter of the population consists of foreign nationals , including many expatriates . Frankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce , culture , education , tourism and transportation ."}]}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Modern', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_banking_families_0', 'intro': 'Banking families are families which have been involved in banking for multiple generations, in the modern era generally as owners or co-owners of banks, often named for their families. Banking families have been important in the history of banking, especially before the 20th century.'}
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What year did a great fire strike the city of origin of the Botín banking family ?
1941
049c5566fa017b15
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handball_League_of_Serbia', 'title': 'Handball League of Serbia', 'header': ['Team', 'City', 'Arena', 'Capacity'], 'data': [{'value': 'Crvena zvezda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/RK_Crvena_zvezda', 'summary': 'RK Crvena zvezda ( Serbian : Рукометни клуб Црвена звезда ) is a handball club from Belgrade , Serbia . Currently , RK Crvena zvezda competes in the Handball League of Serbia . The club is a part of the Crvena zvezda sports association .'}]}, {'value': 'Belgrade', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgrade', 'summary': "Belgrade ( /ˈbɛlɡreɪd/ BEL-grayd ; Serbian : Beograd / Београд , lit . 'White City ' , pronounced [ beǒɡrad ] ( listen ) ; names in other languages ) is the capital and largest city of Serbia . It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers and the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain and the Balkan Peninsula . The urban area of Belgrade has a population of 1.23 million , while nearly 1.7 million people live within the administrative limits of the City of Belgrade ( which encompasses almost all of its metropolitan area ) , a quarter of the total population of Serbia . One of the most important prehistoric cultures of Europe , the Vinča culture , evolved within the Belgrade area in the 6th millennium BC . In antiquity , Thraco-Dacians inhabited the region and , after 279 BC , Celts settled the city , naming it Singidūn . It was conquered by the Romans under the reign of Augustus and awarded Roman city rights in the mid-2nd century . It was settled by the Slavs in the 520s , and changed hands several times between the Byzantine Empire , the Frankish Empire , the Bulgarian Empire , and the Kingdom of Hungary before it became the seat of the Serbian king Stefan Dragutin in 1284 . In 1521 , Belgrade was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and became the seat of the Sanjak of Smederevo . It frequently passed from Ottoman to Habsburg rule , which saw the destruction of most of the city during the Austro-Ottoman wars . Belgrade was again named the capital of Serbia in 1841 . Northern Belgrade remained the southernmost Habsburg post until 1918 , when it was attached to the city , due to former Austro-Hungarian territories becoming the part of the new Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes after World War I ."}]}, {'value': 'SC Šumice', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SC_Šumice', 'summary': 'Šumice Cultural and Sports Center ( Serbian Cyrillic : Центар за културу и спорт Шумице ) is an indoor sports arena located in Voždovac , Belgrade , Serbia . The hall is used for basketball , handball , indoor football , volleyball , and other sports . The venue was opened on 24 May 1974 and was originally known as the Vоždovac Pioneers Home . It has a total floor area of 5,814 m2 ( 62,580 sq ft ) and includes a sports hall with 2,000 seats and a hall with the stage with 350 seats . Due to the lack of funds and bad maintenance , the venue has been in bad financial situation since the late 1980s and especially since the 2000s . The venue was partially reconstructed ( congress hall , press hall , roof ) in September-November 2017 .'}]}, {'value': '1,300', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dinamo', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pančevo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pančevo', 'summary': 'Pančevo ( Serbian Cyrillic : Панчево , pronounced [ pâːntʃeʋo ] , Hungarian : Pancsova , Romanian : Panciova , Slovak : Pánčevo ) is a city and the administrative center of the South Banat District in autonomous province of Vojvodina , Serbia . Pančevo is the fourth largest city in Vojvodina by population . According to results of the 2011 census , a total of 76,203 inhabitants live in the urban area , while the city administrative area of Pančevo has 123,414 inhabitants .'}]}, {'value': 'SH Strelište', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,100', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jugović', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/RK_Jugović', 'summary': 'Rukometni klub Jugović ( Serbian Cyrillic : Pукометни клуб Jугoвић , English : Handball club Jugović ) is a handball club from Kać , Serbia . Currently , RK Jugović competes in the 2nd Handball League of Serbia . Jugović won the EHF Challenge Cup in debut season 2000/2001 .'}]}, {'value': 'Kać', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kać', 'summary': 'Kać ( Serbian Cyrillic : Каћ ) is a suburban settlement of the city of Novi Sad , Serbia . The town has a Serb ethnic majority and its population was 11,612 at the 2011 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Hram Sport Hall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hram_Sport_Hall', 'summary': 'Hram Hall is an indoor handball arena in Kać , Serbia . It is the home of RK Jugović .'}]}, {'value': '2,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Metaloplastika', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/RK_Metaloplastika', 'summary': 'RK Metaloplastika ( Serbian Cyrillic : Рукометни клуб Металопластика , English : Handball club Metaloplastika ) is a handball club from Šabac , Serbia . Founded in 1958 the club has been a regular member of the Yugoslav/Serbian top league since the late 1970s . The club has won 7 national titles and 4 national cups . Most important results were in Europe where Metaloplastika took two EHF Champions League titles in 21.04.1985 and 28.04.1986 . Currently , RK Metaloplastika competes in the Handball League of Serbia .'}]}, {'value': 'Šabac', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Šabac', 'summary': 'Šabac ( Serbian Cyrillic : Шабац , pronounced [ ʃâbat͡s ] ) is a city and the administrative centre of the Mačva district in western Serbia . The traditional centre of the fertile Mačva region , Šabac is located on the right banks of the river Sava . According to the 2011 census [ update ] , the city proper has population of 53,919 , while its administrative area comprises 118,347 inhabitants .'}]}, {'value': 'Hala Zorka', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2,300', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mokra Gora', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zubin Potok', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zubin_Potok', 'summary': 'Zubin Potok ( Serbian Cyrillic : Зубин Поток , Albanian : Zubin Potoku ) is a town and municipality located in the Mitrovica District in Kosovo . [ a ] As of 2015 , it has an estimated population of 15,200 inhabitants . It covers an area of 335 km2 ( 129 sq mi ) , and consists of town and 63 villages . Zubin Potok is a part of North Kosovo , a region with an ethnic Serb majority that functions largely autonomously from the remainder of ethnic Albanian-majority Kosovo . After the 2013 Brussels Agreement , the municipality became part of the Community of Serb Municipalities .'}]}, {'value': 'SRC Mokra Gora', 'urls': []}, {'value': '800', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Obilić', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgrade', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgrade', 'summary': "Belgrade ( /ˈbɛlɡreɪd/ BEL-grayd ; Serbian : Beograd / Београд , lit . 'White City ' , pronounced [ beǒɡrad ] ( listen ) ; names in other languages ) is the capital and largest city of Serbia . It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers and the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain and the Balkan Peninsula . The urban area of Belgrade has a population of 1.23 million , while nearly 1.7 million people live within the administrative limits of the City of Belgrade ( which encompasses almost all of its metropolitan area ) , a quarter of the total population of Serbia . One of the most important prehistoric cultures of Europe , the Vinča culture , evolved within the Belgrade area in the 6th millennium BC . In antiquity , Thraco-Dacians inhabited the region and , after 279 BC , Celts settled the city , naming it Singidūn . It was conquered by the Romans under the reign of Augustus and awarded Roman city rights in the mid-2nd century . It was settled by the Slavs in the 520s , and changed hands several times between the Byzantine Empire , the Frankish Empire , the Bulgarian Empire , and the Kingdom of Hungary before it became the seat of the Serbian king Stefan Dragutin in 1284 . In 1521 , Belgrade was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and became the seat of the Sanjak of Smederevo . It frequently passed from Ottoman to Habsburg rule , which saw the destruction of most of the city during the Austro-Ottoman wars . Belgrade was again named the capital of Serbia in 1841 . Northern Belgrade remained the southernmost Habsburg post until 1918 , when it was attached to the city , due to former Austro-Hungarian territories becoming the part of the new Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes after World War I ."}]}, {'value': 'SC Voždovac', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2,300', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Partizan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/RK_Partizan', 'summary': "Rukometni klub Partizan ( Serbian Cyrillic : Рукометни клуб Партизан , English : Handball club Partizan ) is a handball club from Belgrade , Serbia . RK Partizan is one of the sport clubs in Serbia that are part of sport society Partizan . It was founded in 1948 and until now Partizan had won 9 national titles , 11 national cups and 3 national supercups . Club also played few good seasons in Europe reaching semi-finals of EHF Cup Winner 's Cup twice ( 1998-99 and 2001-02 ) and reaching semi-finals of EHF Challenge Cup ( 2010-11 ) . In 1999-00 , 2003-04 , 2011-12 and 2012-13 , Partizan participated in EHF Champions League . Currently , RK Partizan competes in the Handball League of Serbia and EHF Champions League ."}]}, {'value': 'Belgrade', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgrade', 'summary': "Belgrade ( /ˈbɛlɡreɪd/ BEL-grayd ; Serbian : Beograd / Београд , lit . 'White City ' , pronounced [ beǒɡrad ] ( listen ) ; names in other languages ) is the capital and largest city of Serbia . It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers and the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain and the Balkan Peninsula . The urban area of Belgrade has a population of 1.23 million , while nearly 1.7 million people live within the administrative limits of the City of Belgrade ( which encompasses almost all of its metropolitan area ) , a quarter of the total population of Serbia . One of the most important prehistoric cultures of Europe , the Vinča culture , evolved within the Belgrade area in the 6th millennium BC . In antiquity , Thraco-Dacians inhabited the region and , after 279 BC , Celts settled the city , naming it Singidūn . It was conquered by the Romans under the reign of Augustus and awarded Roman city rights in the mid-2nd century . It was settled by the Slavs in the 520s , and changed hands several times between the Byzantine Empire , the Frankish Empire , the Bulgarian Empire , and the Kingdom of Hungary before it became the seat of the Serbian king Stefan Dragutin in 1284 . In 1521 , Belgrade was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and became the seat of the Sanjak of Smederevo . It frequently passed from Ottoman to Habsburg rule , which saw the destruction of most of the city during the Austro-Ottoman wars . Belgrade was again named the capital of Serbia in 1841 . Northern Belgrade remained the southernmost Habsburg post until 1918 , when it was attached to the city , due to former Austro-Hungarian territories becoming the part of the new Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes after World War I ."}]}, {'value': 'SC Banjica', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Požarevac', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Požarevac', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Požarevac', 'summary': 'Požarevac ( Serbian Cyrillic : Пожаревац , pronounced [ pǒʒareʋats ] ) is a city and the administrative center of the Braničevo District in eastern Serbia . It is located between three rivers : Danube , Great Morava and Mlava . As of 2011 , the city has a population of 44,183 inhabitants , while the city administrative area has 75,334 inhabitants .'}]}, {'value': 'SC Požarevac', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rudar', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kostolac', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kostolac', 'summary': 'The City municipality of Kostolac ( Serbian Cyrillic : Градска општина Костолац , romanized : Gradska opština Kostolac ; Romanian : Caştelu ) is a town in Serbia and one of two city municipalities which constitute the City of Požarevac . It is situated on the Danube river . The remains of the Roman capital of the province of Moesia Superior Viminacium are located near Stari Kostolac some 2 km to the east of Kostolac . Kostolac is also a center of area called Stig and home of thermal power plants and coal mines .'}]}, {'value': 'SC Kostolac', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sloga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/RK_Sloga_Požega', 'summary': 'RK Sloga Požega is a Serbian handball team located in Požega . They compete in Handball League of Serbia .'}]}, {'value': 'Požega', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Požega,_Serbia', 'summary': 'Požega ( Serbian Cyrillic : Пожега , pronounced [ pôʒeɡa ] ) is a town and municipality located in the Zlatibor District of western Serbia . The population of the town is 13,153 , while the municipality has 29,638 inhabitants . During the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia , the town was named Užička Požega , to be distinguished from Slavonska Požega , now in Croatia .'}]}, {'value': 'SC Požega', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,300', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spartak Vojput', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Subotica', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Subotica', 'summary': 'Subotica ( Serbian Cyrillic : Суботица [ sǔbotitsa ] ( listen ) , Hungarian : Szabadka ) is a city and the administrative center of the North Bačka District in the autonomous province of Vojvodina , Serbia . Formerly the largest city of Vojvodina region , contemporary Subotica is now the second largest city in the province , following the city of Novi Sad . According to the 2011 census , the city itself has a population of 97,910 , while the urban area of Subotica ( with adjacent urban settlement of Palić included ) has 105,681 inhabitants , and the population of metro area ( the administrative area of the city ) stands at 141,554 people .'}]}, {'value': 'SC Subotica', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Šamot 65', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aranđelovac', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aranđelovac', 'summary': 'Aranđelovac ( Serbian Cyrillic : Аранђеловац , pronounced [ ǎraːndʑeloʋats ] ( listen ) ) is a town and a municipality located in the Šumadija District of central Serbia . As of 2011 [ update ] , the municipality has a population of 46,225 inhabitants , while the town has 24,797 inhabitants . It is situated beneath the mountains Bukulja and Venčac , at about 255 metres ( 837 ft ) above sea level , 75 kilometres ( 47 miles ) away from Belgrade . The municipality encompasses two towns and 18 village communities . Also , Bukovička Banja Spa is located in the town .'}]}, {'value': 'SC Šumadija', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,540', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vojvodina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/RK_Vojvodina', 'summary': 'Rukometni klub Vojvodina ( Serbian Cyrillic : Pукометни клуб Војводина , English : Vojvodina Handball Club ) is a handball club from Novi Sad , Serbia . Currently , RK Vojvodina competes in the Handball League of Serbia and SEHA League .'}]}, {'value': 'Novi Sad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Novi_Sad', 'summary': 'Novi Sad ( Serbian Cyrillic : Нови Сад , pronounced [ nôʋiː sâːd ] ( listen ) ; Hungarian : Újvidék [ ˈuːjvideːk ] ; see below for other names ) is the second largest city in Serbia and the capital of the autonomous province of Vojvodina . It is located in the southern portion of the Pannonian Plain on the border of the Bačka and Srem geographical regions . Lying on the banks of the Danube river , the city faces the northern slopes of Fruška Gora . According to the 2011 census [ update ] , Novi Sad proper has a population of 250,439 , while its urban area ( including the adjacent settlements of Petrovaradin and Sremska Kamenica ) comprises 277,522 inhabitants . The population of the administrative area of the city totals 341,625 people . Novi Sad was founded in 1694 when Serb merchants formed a colony across the Danube from the Petrovaradin Fortress , a strategic Habsburg military post . In the following centuries , it transformed into an important trading and manufacturing centre as well as a centre of Serbian culture , earning it the nickname Serbian Athens . The city was heavily devastated in the 1848 Revolution , but was subsequently rebuilt and restored . Today , along with the Serbian capital city of Belgrade , Novi Sad is an industrial and financial centre important to the Serbian economy . Novi Sad is the European Capital of Culture for the year 2021 .'}]}, {'value': 'SC Slana Bara', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Železničar 1949', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/RK_Železničar_1949', 'summary': 'Rukometni klub Železničar 1949 ( Serbian Cyrillic : Pукометни клуб Железничар 1949 , is a handball club from Niš , Serbia . Currently , RK Železničar 1949 competes in the Handball League of Serbia .'}]}, {'value': 'Niš', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Niš', 'summary': "Niš ( Serbian Cyrillic : Ниш , pronounced [ nîːʃ ] ( listen ) ; names in other languages ) is the third largest city in Serbia and the administrative center of the Nišava District . It consist out of 4 municipality Mediana , Palilula , Crveni Krst and Pantalej . According to the 2011 census [ update ] , the city proper has a population of 183,164 , while its administrative area ( City of Niš ) has a population of 260,237 inhabitants . Niš is the city of three Roman emperors : Constantine the Great , the first Christian emperor and the founder of Constantinople ; Constantius III ; and Justin I . Later playing a prominent role in the history of the Byzantine Empire , the city 's past would earn it the nickname The Emperor 's City . After about 400 years of Ottoman rule , the city was liberated in 1878 and became part of the Principality of Serbia , though not without great bloodshed - remnants of which can be found throughout the city . Today , Niš is one of the most important economic centers in Serbia , especially in the electronics , mechanical engineering , textile , and tobacco industries . Constantine the Great Airport is Niš 's international airport . In 2013 , the city was host to the celebration of 1700 years of Constantine 's Edict of Milan ."}]}, {'value': 'Čair Sports Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Čair_Sports_Center', 'summary': 'Čair Sports Center ( Serbian : Спортски центар Чаир , romanized : Sportski centar Čair ) , commonly known as Čair Hall ( Serbian : Хала Чаир , romanized : Hala Čair ) is an indoor sporting arena located in Niš , Serbia . The seating capacity of the arena is 4,800 for sports events and 6,500 at concerts . It is home to the KK Konstantin basketball team , RK Železničar 1949 handball team and OK Niš volleyball team .'}]}, {'value': '4,000', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Current teams', 'section_text': 'Šamot 65RudarŽelezničar 1949VojvodinaDinamoPožarevacSlogaJugovićSpartakMokra GoraMetaloplastikaBelgradeBelgrade clubs : Crvena zvezdaObilićPartizan Location of teams in the 2017–18 Handball Superleague The following 14 clubs compete in the Handball Superleague during the 2017–18 season .', 'uid': 'Handball_League_of_Serbia_0', 'intro': "The Handball League of Serbia (Serbian: Рукометна лига Србије / Rukometna liga Srbije) is the top men's handball league in Serbia. It was founded in 2006. From 2010, the league is also known as Merkur osiguranje Handball Superleague for sponsorship reasons."}
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what is the name of the basketball team that plays in the third largest city in Serbia ?
KK Konstantin basketball team
049c9c7829dcd8d5
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_University_of_Texas_at_Austin_alumni', 'title': 'List of University of Texas at Austin alumni', 'header': ['Name', 'Class year ( s )', 'Degree ( s )', 'Notability'], 'data': [{'value': 'F. Murray Abraham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/F._Murray_Abraham', 'summary': "F. Murray Abraham ( born Murray Abraham ; ; Classical Syriac : ܡܘܪܪܐܝ ܐܒܪܐܗܐܡ ; October 24 , 1939 ) is an American actor . He became widely known during the 1980s after winning an Oscar for his leading role as Antonio Salieri in the drama film Amadeus ( 1984 ) . Abraham also won a Golden Globe and received a BAFTA Award nomination for the role . He has appeared in many roles , both leading and supporting , in films such as All the President 's Men ( 1976 ) , Scarface ( 1983 ) , The Name of the Rose ( 1986 ) , Last Action Hero ( 1993 ) , Star Trek : Insurrection ( 1998 ) , Finding Forrester ( 2000 ) , Inside Llewyn Davis ( 2013 ) , and The Grand Budapest Hotel ( 2014 ) . Abraham is also known for his television and theatre work and is a regular cast member on the television series Homeland , which earned him two Primetime Emmy Award nominations ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '( never graduated )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Actor who won Academy Award for role in Amadeus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Academy_Award', 'summary': "The Academy Awards , more popularly known as the Oscars , are awards for artistic and technical merit in the film industry . Given annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , the awards are an international recognition of excellence in cinematic achievements as assessed by the Academy 's voting membership . The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette , officially called the Academy Award of Merit , although more commonly referred to by its nickname , the Oscar . The statuette depicts a knight rendered in the Art Deco style . The award was originally sculpted by George Stanley from a design sketch by Cedric Gibbons . AMPAS first presented it in 1929 at a private dinner hosted by Douglas Fairbanks in the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel in what would become known as the 1st Academy Awards . The Academy Awards ceremony was first broadcast by radio in 1930 and was televised for the first time in 1953 . It is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and is now televised live worldwide . It is also the oldest of the four major annual American entertainment awards ; its other three equivalents - the Emmy Awards for television , the Tony Awards for theater , and the Grammy Awards for music - are modeled after the Academy Awards . The 91st Academy Awards ceremony , honoring the best films of 2018 , was held on February 24 , 2019 , at the Dolby Theatre , in Los Angeles , California . The ceremony was broadcast on ABC . A total of 3,096 Oscar statuettes have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 91st ceremony ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Amadeus_(film)', 'summary': "Amadeus is a 1984 American epic period biographical drama film directed by Miloš Forman and adapted by Peter Shaffer from his stage play Amadeus . The story is set in Vienna , Austria during the latter half of the 18th century , and is a fictionalized biography of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , described by its writer as fantasia on the theme of Mozart and Salieri . Mozart 's music is heard extensively in the soundtrack of the film . The film follows a fictional rivalry between Mozart and Italian composer Antonio Salieri at the court of Emperor Joseph II . The film stars F. Murray Abraham as Salieri ( who received the Academy Award for Best Actor for his performance ) and Tom Hulce as Mozart ( who was also nominated for the same award as Abraham ) . Amadeus was released by Orion Pictures on September 19 , 1984 , thirteen days following its world premiere in Los Angeles on September 6 , 1984 . Upon release , the film received widespread acclaim and was a box office hit by grossing over $ 90 million . Considered one of the best films of all time , Amadeus was nominated for 53 awards and received 40 , including eight Academy Awards ( as well as the Academy Award for Best Picture ) , four BAFTA Awards , four Golden Globe Awards , and a Directors Guild of America award . As of 2019 [ update ] , it is the most recent film to have more than one nomination in the Academy Award for Best Actor category . In 1998 , the American Film Institute ranked it 53rd on its 100 Years . 100 Movies list . In 2019 , the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant ."}]}, {'value': 'Kevin Alejandro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kevin_Alejandro', 'summary': 'Kevin Michael Alejandro ( born April 7 , 1976 ) is an American actor and film director . He is known for his roles as Nate Moretta in the crime drama Southland , Forklift Mike in Parenthood , Jesús Velázquez in the supernatural thriller True Blood , Sebastian Blood / Brother Blood in the superhero series Arrow , and as Daniel Espinoza in the comedy-crime drama Lucifer .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Actor featured in Ugly Betty', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ugly_Betty', 'summary': "Ugly Betty is an American comedy-drama television series developed by Silvio Horta , which was originally broadcast on ABC between 2006 and 2010 . It revolves around the character Betty Suarez , who despite her lack of style , lands a job at a prestigious fashion magazine . The series is based on Fernando Gaitán 's Colombian telenovela Yo soy Betty , la fea , which has had many other international adaptations . It was produced by Silent H , Ventanarosa , and Reveille Productions partnered with ABC Studios , with Salma Hayek , Silvio Horta , Ben Silverman , Jose Tamez , and Joel Fields serving as executive producers . The pilot was filmed in New York ; seasons one and two were filmed in Los Angeles and seasons three and four were filmed in New York City . During its first three seasons , it aired on Thursday nights , where it was mostly successful . However , viewership dropped significantly in the show 's third season , particularly in the important 18-49 age group . In October 2009 , the series was moved to Fridays , where it had trouble finding an audience . The backlash from its fans prompted ABC to move the show to Wednesdays at 10:00 pm Eastern/9:00 pm Central starting January 6 , 2010 , where it was thought to better complement its Wednesday hits Modern Family and Cougar Town . Despite this , on January 27 , 2010 , ABC announced it was cancelling the series due to low ratings . Since the show 's cancellation , it has gained a cult following . With the end of the series , talk arose of a push by Ana Ortiz and America Ferrera for an Ugly Betty movie ."}]}, {'value': 'Barbara Barrie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barbara_Barrie', 'summary': "Barbara Barrie ( born Barbara Ann Berman , May 23 , 1931 ) is an American actress of film , stage and television . She is also an accomplished author . Her film breakthrough came in 1964 with her performance as Julie in the landmark film One Potato , Two Potato , for which she won the Best Actress Award at the Cannes Film Festival . She is best known for her role as Evelyn Stoller in Breaking Away , which brought her an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress in 1979 and an Emmy Award nomination in 1981 when she reprised the role in the television series based on the film . On television she is perhaps best known for her portrayal , between 1975 and 1978 , of the wife of the namesake captain in the detective sitcom Barney Miller . Barrie also is known for her extensive work in the theatre , receiving a Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actress in a Musical in 1971 for originating the role of Sarah in Stephen Sondheim 's Company ."}]}, {'value': '1952', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts', 'summary': "A Bachelor of Arts ( BA or AB ; from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus ) is a bachelor 's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts and sciences . Bachelor of Arts programs generally take three or four years depending on the country and institution . Diplomas generally give the name of the institution , signatures of officials of the institution , type of degree conferred , conferring authority , and location at which the degree is conferred . Diplomas are printed on high-quality paper or parchment ; individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees ."}]}, {'value': 'Broadway , film and television actress , Academy Award nomination for Breaking Away and Best Actress Award at Cannes Film Festival for One Potato , Two Potato', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Broadway_theater', 'summary': "Broadway theatre , [ nb 1 ] also known simply as Broadway , refers to the theatrical performances presented in the 41 professional theatres , each with 500 or more seats , located in the Theater District and Lincoln Center along Broadway , in Midtown Manhattan , New York City . Broadway and London 's West End together represent the highest commercial level of live theater in the English-speaking world . The Theater District is a popular tourist attraction in New York City . According to The Broadway League , for the 2018-2019 season ( which ended May 26 , 2019 ) total attendance was 14,768,254 and Broadway shows had US $ 1,829,312,140 in grosses , with attendance up 9.5% , grosses up 10.3% , and playing weeks up 9.3% . The majority of Broadway shows are musicals . Historian Martin Shefter argues that 'Broadway musicals ' , culminating in the productions of Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein , became enormously influential forms of American popular culture and contributed to making New York City the cultural capital of the Western Hemisphere ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Academy_Award', 'summary': "The Academy Awards , more popularly known as the Oscars , are awards for artistic and technical merit in the film industry . Given annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , the awards are an international recognition of excellence in cinematic achievements as assessed by the Academy 's voting membership . The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette , officially called the Academy Award of Merit , although more commonly referred to by its nickname , the Oscar . The statuette depicts a knight rendered in the Art Deco style . The award was originally sculpted by George Stanley from a design sketch by Cedric Gibbons . AMPAS first presented it in 1929 at a private dinner hosted by Douglas Fairbanks in the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel in what would become known as the 1st Academy Awards . The Academy Awards ceremony was first broadcast by radio in 1930 and was televised for the first time in 1953 . It is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and is now televised live worldwide . It is also the oldest of the four major annual American entertainment awards ; its other three equivalents - the Emmy Awards for television , the Tony Awards for theater , and the Grammy Awards for music - are modeled after the Academy Awards . The 91st Academy Awards ceremony , honoring the best films of 2018 , was held on February 24 , 2019 , at the Dolby Theatre , in Los Angeles , California . The ceremony was broadcast on ABC . A total of 3,096 Oscar statuettes have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 91st ceremony ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Breaking_Away', 'summary': "Breaking Away is a 1979 American coming of age comedy-drama film produced and directed by Peter Yates and written by Steve Tesich . It follows a group of four male teenagers in Bloomington , Indiana , who have recently graduated from high school . The film stars Dennis Christopher , Dennis Quaid , Daniel Stern , Jackie Earle Haley , Barbara Barrie , Paul Dooley , and Robyn Douglass . Breaking Away won the 1979 Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay for Tesich , and received nominations in four other categories , including Best Picture . It also won the 1979 Golden Globe Award for Best Film ( Comedy or Musical ) , and received nominations in three other Golden Globe categories . As the film 's young lead , Christopher won the 1979 BAFTA Award for Most Promising Newcomer and the 1979 Young Artist Award for Best Juvenile Actor , as well as getting a Golden Globe nomination as New Star of the Year . The film is ranked eighth on the List of America 's 100 Most Inspiring Movies compiled by the American Film Institute ( AFI ) in 2006 . In June 2008 , AFI announced its 10 Top 10 - the best ten films in ten classic American film genres - after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community . Breaking Away ranked as the eighth best film in the sports genre . Tesich was an alumnus of Indiana University Bloomington . The film was shot in and around Bloomington and on the university 's campus ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival', 'summary': "The Cannes Festival ( /kæn/ ; French : Festival de Cannes ) , until 2003 called the International Film Festival ( Festival international du film ) and known in English as the Cannes Film Festival , is an annual film festival held in Cannes , France , which previews new films of all genres , including documentaries from all around the world . Founded in 1946 , the invitation-only festival is held annually ( usually in May ) at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès . On 1 July 2014 , co-founder and former head of French pay-TV operator Canal+ , Pierre Lescure , took over as President of the Festival , while Thierry Frémaux became the General Delegate . The board of directors also appointed Gilles Jacob as Honorary President of the Festival . The 2019 Cannes Film Festival took place from 14 to 25 May 2019 and Mexican filmmaker Alejandro González Iñárritu was the jury president . Parasite , directed by South Korean director Bong Joon-ho , won the Palme d'Or ."}, {'url': '/wiki/One_Potato,_Two_Potato', 'summary': 'One Potato , Two Potato is a 1964 black-and-white American drama film directed by Larry Peerce and starring Barbara Barrie and Bernie Hamilton .'}]}, {'value': 'Florence Bates', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florence_Bates', 'summary': 'Florence Bates ( born Florence Rabe , April 15 , 1888 - January 31 , 1954 ) was an American film and stage character actress who often played grande dame characters in supporting roles .'}]}, {'value': '1906', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BSc', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science', 'summary': 'A Bachelor of Science ( Latin Baccalaureus Scientiae , B.S. , BS , B.Sc . or BSc ; or , less commonly , S.B. , SB , or Sc.B. , from the equivalent Latin Scientiae Baccalaureus ) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for programs that generally last three to five years . The first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University of London in 1860 . Whether a student of a particular subject is awarded a Bachelor of Science degree or a Bachelor of Arts degree can vary between universities . For example , an economics degree may be given as a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) by one university but as a BS by another , and some universities offer the choice of either . Some liberal arts colleges in the United States offer only the BA , even in the natural sciences , while some universities offer only the BS , even in non-science fields . At universities that offer both BA and BS degrees in the same discipline , the BS degree is usually more extensive in that particular discipline and is targeted toward students who are pursuing graduate school or a profession in that field .'}]}, {'value': 'Character actress', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Character_actress', 'summary': "A character actor is a supporting actor who plays unusual , interesting , or eccentric characters . The term , often contrasted with that of leading actor , is somewhat abstract and open to interpretation . In a literal sense , all actors can be considered character actors since they all play characters , but in the usual sense it is an actor who plays a distinctive and important supporting role . A character actor may play characters who are very different from the actor 's off-screen real-life personality , while in another sense a character actor may be one who specializes in minor roles . In either case , character actor roles are more substantial than bit parts or non-speaking extras . The term is used primarily to describe television and film actors . An early use of the term was in the 1883 edition of The Stage , which defined a character actor as one who portrays individualities and eccentricities . Actors with a long career history of playing character roles may be difficult for audiences to recognize as being the same actor ."}]}, {'value': 'Steve Barton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Barton', 'summary': 'Steve Barton ( June 26 , 1954 - July 21 , 2001 ) was an American actor , singer , dancer , teacher , choreographer and stage director , who found success in many English and German language productions .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '( never graduated )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Broadway actor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Broadway_theatre', 'summary': "Broadway theatre , [ nb 1 ] also known simply as Broadway , refers to the theatrical performances presented in the 41 professional theatres , each with 500 or more seats , located in the Theater District and Lincoln Center along Broadway , in Midtown Manhattan , New York City . Broadway and London 's West End together represent the highest commercial level of live theater in the English-speaking world . The Theater District is a popular tourist attraction in New York City . According to The Broadway League , for the 2018-2019 season ( which ended May 26 , 2019 ) total attendance was 14,768,254 and Broadway shows had US $ 1,829,312,140 in grosses , with attendance up 9.5% , grosses up 10.3% , and playing weeks up 9.3% . The majority of Broadway shows are musicals . Historian Martin Shefter argues that 'Broadway musicals ' , culminating in the productions of Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein , became enormously influential forms of American popular culture and contributed to making New York City the cultural capital of the Western Hemisphere ."}]}, {'value': 'Gail Davis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gail_Davis', 'summary': 'Gail Davis ( born Betty Jeanne Grayson , October 5 , 1925 - March 15 , 1997 ) was an American actress and singer , best known for her starring role as Annie Oakley in the 1950s television series Annie Oakley .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts', 'summary': "A Bachelor of Arts ( BA or AB ; from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus ) is a bachelor 's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts and sciences . Bachelor of Arts programs generally take three or four years depending on the country and institution . Diplomas generally give the name of the institution , signatures of officials of the institution , type of degree conferred , conferring authority , and location at which the degree is conferred . Diplomas are printed on high-quality paper or parchment ; individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees ."}]}, {'value': 'Actress , starred in 1950s syndicated western television series Annie Oakley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Television_syndication', 'summary': 'Broadcasting syndication is the license to broadcast television programs and radio programs by multiple television stations and radio stations , without going through a broadcast network . It is common in the United States where broadcast programming is scheduled by television networks with local independent affiliates . Syndication is less of a practice in the rest of the world , as most countries have centralized networks or television stations without local affiliates . Shows can be syndicated internationally , although this is less common . The three main types of syndication are first-run syndication , which is programming that is broadcast for the first time as a syndicated show and is made specifically to sell directly into syndication ; off-network syndication ( colloquially called a rerun ) , which is the licensing of a program that was originally run on network TV or in some cases , first-run syndication ; and public broadcasting syndication .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Western_(genre)', 'summary': 'Western is a genre of fiction which tells stories set primarily in the latter half of the 19th century in the American Old West , often centering on the life of a nomadic cowboy or gunfighter armed with a revolver and a rifle who rides a horse . Cowboys and gunslingers typically wear Stetson hats , neckerchief bandannas , vests , spurs , cowboy boots , and buckskins ( alternatively dusters ) . Recurring characters include the aforementioned cowboys , Native Americans , Spaniards , Mexicans , bandits , lawmen , bounty hunters , outlaws , gamblers , soldiers ( especially mounted cavalry , such as buffalo soldiers ) , and settlers ( farmers , ranchers , and townsfolk ) . The ambience is usually punctuated with a Western music score , including American and Spanish/Mexican folk music such as country , Native American music , New Mexico music , and rancheras . Westerns often stress the harshness of the wilderness and frequently set the action in an arid , desolate landscape of deserts and mountains . Often , the vast landscape plays an important role , presenting a mythic vision of the plains and deserts of the American West . Specific settings include ranches , small frontier towns , saloons , railways , wilderness , and isolated military forts of the Wild West . Common plots include :'}, {'url': '/wiki/Annie_Oakley_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Annie Oakley is an American Western television series that fictionalized the life of the famous sharpshooter Annie Oakley . Featuring actress Gail Davis in the title role , the weekly program ran from January 1954 to February 1957 in syndication . A total of 81 black-and-white episodes were produced , with each installment running 25 minutes in length . ABC aired daytime reruns of the series on Saturdays and Sundays from 1959 to 1960 and then again from 1964 to 1965 .'}]}, {'value': 'Felicia Day', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Felicia_Day', 'summary': "Kathryn Felicia Day ( born June 28 , 1979 ) is an American actress , writer , and web series creator . She is the creator , star , writer , and producer of the original web series The Guild ( 2007-2013 ) , a show loosely based on her life as a gamer . She also wrote and starred in the Dragon Age web series Dragon Age : Redemption ( 2011 ) . Day was a member of the board of directors of the International Academy of Web Television beginning December 2009 until the end of July 2012 . On television , she has played Vi in the series Buffy the Vampire Slayer ( 2003 ) and Dr. Holly Marten in Eureka ( 2011 ) , and had a recurring role as Charlie Bradbury on Supernatural ( 2012-2015 , 2018 ) . She has also acted in movies such as Bring It On Again ( 2004 ) , as well as the Internet musical Dr. Horrible 's Sing-Along Blog ( 2008 ) . In April 2017 , she began appearing as Kinga Forrester in Mystery Science Theater 3000 ."}]}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BSc', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Sciences', 'summary': 'A Bachelor of Science ( Latin Baccalaureus Scientiae , B.S. , BS , B.Sc . or BSc ; or , less commonly , S.B. , SB , or Sc.B. , from the equivalent Latin Scientiae Baccalaureus ) is an undergraduate academic degree awarded for programs that generally last three to five years . The first university to admit a student to the degree of Bachelor of Science was the University of London in 1860 . Whether a student of a particular subject is awarded a Bachelor of Science degree or a Bachelor of Arts degree can vary between universities . For example , an economics degree may be given as a Bachelor of Arts ( BA ) by one university but as a BS by another , and some universities offer the choice of either . Some liberal arts colleges in the United States offer only the BA , even in the natural sciences , while some universities offer only the BS , even in non-science fields . At universities that offer both BA and BS degrees in the same discipline , the BS degree is usually more extensive in that particular discipline and is targeted toward students who are pursuing graduate school or a profession in that field .'}]}, {'value': 'Actress ( Buffy the Vampire Slayer ) , writer and producer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buffy_the_Vampire_Slayer_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Buffy the Vampire Slayer is an American supernatural drama television series based on the 1992 film of the same name . It was created by Joss Whedon under his production tag , Mutant Enemy Productions , with later co-executive producers being Jane Espenson , David Fury , David Greenwalt , Doug Petrie , Marti Noxon , and David Solomon . The series premiered on March 10 , 1997 , on The WB and concluded on May 20 , 2003 , on UPN . The series narrative follows Buffy Summers ( played by Sarah Michelle Gellar ) , the latest in a line of young women known as Vampire Slayers , or simply Slayers . In the story , Slayers or the 'Chosen Ones ' are called ( chosen by fate ) to battle against vampires , demons , and other forces of darkness . Buffy wants to live a normal life , but as the series progresses , she learns to embrace her destiny . Like previous Slayers , Buffy is aided by a Watcher , who guides , teaches , and trains her . Unlike her predecessors , Buffy surrounds herself with a circle of loyal friends who become known as the Scooby Gang . The series received critical and popular acclaim , frequently being listed as one of the greatest TV shows of all time , and usually reached between four and six million viewers on original airings . Although such ratings are lower than successful shows on the big four networks ( ABC , CBS , NBC , and Fox ) , they were a success for the relatively new and smaller WB Television Network . The success of Buffy has led to hundreds of tie-in products , including novels , comics , and video games . The series has received attention in fandom ( including fan films ) , parody , and academia , and has influenced the direction of other television series ."}]}, {'value': 'Farrah Fawcett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Farrah_Fawcett', 'summary': "Farrah Leni Fawcett ( /ˈfærə ˈfɔːsɪt/ ; originally spelled Ferrah ; February 2 , 1947 - June 25 , 2009 ) was an American actress of stage and screen , model , and artist . A five-time Emmy Award nominee and six-time Golden Globe Award nominee , Fawcett rose to international fame when she starred as private investigator Jill Munroe in the first season of the television series Charlie 's Angels ( 1976-1977 ) . Fawcett began her career in the 1960s appearing in commercials and guest roles on television . During the 1970s , she appeared in numerous television series , including recurring roles on Harry O ( 1974-1976 ) , and The Six Million Dollar Man ( 1974-1978 ) with her first husband , film and television star Lee Majors . Her breakthrough role came in 1976 when she was cast as Jill Munroe in Charlie 's Angels , alongside Kate Jackson and Jaclyn Smith . The show propelled all three to stardom , but especially Fawcett , who was then billed as Farrah Fawcett-Majors . After appearing only in the first season , she decided to leave the show , but returned as a guest star in six episodes during the show 's third and fourth seasons ( 1978-1980 ) . For her role in Charlie 's Angels , she received her first Golden Globe nomination . In 1983 , Fawcett received positive reviews for her performance in the Off-Broadway play Extremities . She was subsequently cast in the 1986 film version and received a Golden Globe nomination . She received two Emmy Award nominations for her roles in TV movies , as a battered wife in the 1984 film The Burning Bed and as real-life murderer Diane Downs in the 1989 film Small Sacrifices . Her 1980s work in TV movies also earned her four additional Golden Globe nominations ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '( never graduated )', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Actress , star of films and original Charlie 's Angels television series", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Charlie's_Angels", 'summary': "Charlie 's Angels is an American crime drama television series that aired on ABC from September 22 , 1976 to June 24 , 1981 , producing five seasons and 115 episodes . The series was created by Ivan Goff and Ben Roberts and was produced by Aaron Spelling . It follows the crime-fighting adventures of three women working in a private detective agency in Los Angeles , California , and originally starred Kate Jackson , Farrah Fawcett ( billed as Farrah Fawcett-Majors ) , and Jaclyn Smith in the leading roles and John Forsythe providing the voice of their boss , the unseen Charlie Townsend , who directed the crime-fighting operations of the Angels over a speakerphone . There were a few casting changes : after the departure of Fawcett and Jackson came the additions of Cheryl Ladd , Shelley Hack , and Tanya Roberts . Despite mixed reviews from critics and a reputation for merely being Jiggle TV ( specifically emphasizing the sex appeal of the female leads ) , Charlie 's Angels enjoyed huge popularity with audiences and was a top ten hit in the Nielsen ratings for its first two seasons . By the third season , however , the show had fallen from the top 10 . The fourth season of the show saw a further decline in ratings ; the changes could not stop the falling ratings and in 1981 , Charlie 's Angels came to an end after 110 episodes and five seasons . Charlie 's Angels continues to have a 1970s American cult and pop culture following through syndication , DVD releases , and subsequent television shows . The show also spawned a media franchise with a film series started in 2000 , which is a continuation of the series story with later generations of Angels . A reboot television series was broadcast in 2011 , but canceled after seven episodes ."}]}, {'value': 'Peri Gilpin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peri_Gilpin', 'summary': 'Peri Gilpin ( born Peri Kay Oldham ; May 27 , 1961 ) is an American actress . She portrayed Roz Doyle in the U.S. television series Frasier , and Kim Keeler in the ABC Family television drama Make It or Break It .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '( never graduated )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Actress , starred as Roz Doyle on TV series Frasier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frasier', 'summary': 'Frasier ( /ˈfreɪʒər/ ) is an American sitcom television series that was broadcast on NBC for 11 seasons , premiering on September 16 , 1993 , and concluding on May 13 , 2004 . The program was created and produced by David Angell , Peter Casey , and David Lee ( as Grub Street Productions ) in association with Grammnet ( 2004 ) and Paramount Network Television . The series was created as a spin-off of Cheers , continuing the story of psychiatrist Frasier Crane as he returned to his hometown of Seattle and started building a new life as a radio advice show host while reconnecting with his father and brother and making new friends . Frasier stars Kelsey Grammer , Jane Leeves , David Hyde Pierce , Peri Gilpin , and John Mahoney . The show was critically acclaimed , with the show itself and the cast winning thirty-seven Primetime Emmy Awards , a record at the time for a scripted series . It also won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series for five consecutive years . As of 2019 , the possibility of a revival was being discussed , to air in 2020 .'}]}, {'value': 'Jon Hamm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jon_Hamm', 'summary': "Jonathan Daniel Hamm ( born March 10 , 1971 ) is an American actor and producer best known for playing advertising executive Don Draper in the AMC television drama series Mad Men ( 2007-2015 ) . For much of the mid-1990s , he lived in Los Angeles , making appearances in television series Providence , The Division , What About Brian , and Related . In 2000 , he made his feature film debut in the space adventure film Space Cowboys . The next year , he had a minor role in the independent comedy Kissing Jessica Stein ( 2001 ) . He gained wide recognition when Mad Men began in July 2007 . His performance earned him the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Television Series - Drama in 2008 and again in 2016 , and the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series in 2015 . He also directed two episodes of the show . In 2008 , Hamm appeared in a remake of the science fiction film The Day the Earth Stood Still . His first leading film role was in the 2010 independent thriller Stolen . He then had leading roles in Million Dollar Arm ( 2014 ) , Keeping Up with the Joneses ( 2016 ) , and Beirut ( 2018 ) , and supporting roles in The Town ( 2010 ) , Sucker Punch ( 2011 ) , Bridesmaids ( 2011 ) , Baby Driver ( 2017 ) , Tag ( 2018 ) , and Bad Times at the El Royale ( 2018 ) . Hamm has received 16 Primetime Emmy Award nominations for his performances in or production of Mad Men , 30 Rock ( 2006-2013 ) , and Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt ( 2015-2019 ) . His other television credits include featuring in the Sky Arts series A Young Doctor 's Notebook and guest roles in Black Mirror , Parks and Recreation and Wet Hot American Summer : First Day of Camp ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '( never graduated )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Actor , starred as Don Draper on TV series Mad Men', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mad_Men', 'summary': "Mad Men is an American period drama television series created by Matthew Weiner and produced by Lionsgate Television . The series ran on the cable network AMC from 2007 to 2015 , lasting for seven seasons and 92 episodes . Its fictional time frame runs from March 1960 to November 1970 . Mad Men is set initially at the fictional Sterling Cooper advertising agency on Madison Avenue in Manhattan , New York City , and later at the newly created firm of Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce ( later named Sterling Cooper & Partners ) , located near the Time-Life Building at 1271 Sixth Avenue . According to the pilot episode , the phrase Mad men was a slang term coined in the 1950s by advertisers working on Madison Avenue to refer to themselves , Mad being short for Madison . ( In reality , the only documented use of the phrase prior to the series may have been in the late-1950s writings of James Kelly , an advertising executive and writer . ) The series ' main character is the womanizing advertising executive Don Draper ( played by Jon Hamm ) , who is initially the talented creative director at Sterling Cooper , and later a founding partner at Sterling Cooper Draper Pryce . The plot tracks the people in his personal and professional lives . As the series progresses , it depicts the changing moods and social mores of the United States throughout the 1960s . Mad Men won critical acclaim for its writing , acting , directing , visual style , and historical authenticity ; it won many awards , including 16 Emmys and 5 Golden Globes . The show was also the first basic cable series to receive the Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series , winning the award each year of its first four seasons ( 2008-2011 ) . It is widely regarded as one of the greatest television series of all time , and as part of the early 21st century Golden Age of Television ."}]}, {'value': 'Marcia Gay Harden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marcia_Gay_Harden', 'summary': "Marcia Gay Harden ( born August 14 , 1959 ) is an American actress . Her film breakthrough was in the 1990 Coen brothers-directed Miller 's Crossing . She followed this with roles in films including Used People ( 1992 ) , The First Wives Club ( 1996 ) , and Flubber ( 1997 ) . For her performance as artist Lee Krasner in the 2000 film Pollock , she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . She earned another Academy Award nomination for her performance as Celeste Boyle in Mystic River ( 2003 ) . Other notable film roles include American Gun ( 2005 ) , and 2007 's The Mist and Into the Wild . Harden made her Broadway debut in 1993 , starring in Angels in America , for which she was nominated for a Tony Award . She returned to Broadway in 2009 as Veronica in God of Carnage . Her performance won her the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play . Harden was nominated for her second Primetime Emmy Award for her performance in the 2009 television film The Courageous Heart of Irena Sendler . Harden 's other notable television roles include Dr Leanne Rorish in the CBS medical drama Code Black and attorney Rebecca Halliday in the HBO Aaron Sorkin series The Newsroom ."}]}, {'value': '1980', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts', 'summary': "A Bachelor of Arts ( BA or AB ; from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus ) is a bachelor 's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts and sciences . Bachelor of Arts programs generally take three or four years depending on the country and institution . Diplomas generally give the name of the institution , signatures of officials of the institution , type of degree conferred , conferring authority , and location at which the degree is conferred . Diplomas are printed on high-quality paper or parchment ; individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees ."}]}, {'value': 'Actress who won Academy Award for role in Pollock , nominated for role in Mystic River ; also Tony Award winner for God of Carnage', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Academy_Award', 'summary': "The Academy Awards , more popularly known as the Oscars , are awards for artistic and technical merit in the film industry . Given annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , the awards are an international recognition of excellence in cinematic achievements as assessed by the Academy 's voting membership . The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette , officially called the Academy Award of Merit , although more commonly referred to by its nickname , the Oscar . The statuette depicts a knight rendered in the Art Deco style . The award was originally sculpted by George Stanley from a design sketch by Cedric Gibbons . AMPAS first presented it in 1929 at a private dinner hosted by Douglas Fairbanks in the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel in what would become known as the 1st Academy Awards . The Academy Awards ceremony was first broadcast by radio in 1930 and was televised for the first time in 1953 . It is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and is now televised live worldwide . It is also the oldest of the four major annual American entertainment awards ; its other three equivalents - the Emmy Awards for television , the Tony Awards for theater , and the Grammy Awards for music - are modeled after the Academy Awards . The 91st Academy Awards ceremony , honoring the best films of 2018 , was held on February 24 , 2019 , at the Dolby Theatre , in Los Angeles , California . The ceremony was broadcast on ABC . A total of 3,096 Oscar statuettes have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 91st ceremony ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Pollock_(film)', 'summary': "Pollock is a 2000 American biographical film which tells the life story of American painter Jackson Pollock . It stars Ed Harris , Marcia Gay Harden , Jennifer Connelly , Robert Knott , Bud Cort , Molly Regan and Sada Thompson , and was directed by Harris . Marcia Gay Harden won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for portraying Lee Krasner , Pollock 's wife . Ed Harris received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor for his portrayal of Pollock . The film was a long-term personal project for Harris based on his previous reading of Pollock 's biography ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mystic_River_(film)', 'summary': 'Mystic River is a 2003 American neo-noir mystery drama film directed and scored by Clint Eastwood . It stars Sean Penn , Tim Robbins , Kevin Bacon , Laurence Fishburne , Marcia Gay Harden , and Laura Linney . The screenplay , written by Brian Helgeland , was based on the novel of the same name by Dennis Lehane . The film was produced by Robert Lorenz , Judie G. Hoyt , and Eastwood . It is the first film in which Eastwood was credited as composer of the score . The film was nominated for Academy Awards for Best Picture , Best Director , Best Actor for Penn , Best Adapted Screenplay , Best Supporting Actress for Harden , and Best Supporting Actor for Robbins . Penn and Robbins won in their respective categories , making Mystic River the first film to win both awards since Ben-Hur in 1959 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tony_Award', 'summary': "The Antoinette Perry Award for Excellence in Broadway Theatre , more commonly known as the Tony Award , recognizes excellence in live Broadway theatre . The awards are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League at an annual ceremony in Midtown Manhattan . The awards are given for Broadway productions and performances , and an award is given for regional theatre . Several discretionary non-competitive awards are also given , including a Special Tony Award , the Tony Honors for Excellence in Theatre , and the Isabelle Stevenson Award . The awards are named after Antoinette Tony Perry , co-founder of the American Theatre Wing . The trophy consists of a medallion , with a face portraying an adaptation of the comedy and tragedy masks , mounted on a black base with a pewter swivel . The rules for the Tony Awards are set forth in the official document Rules and Regulations of The American Theatre Wing 's Tony Awards , which applies for that season only . The Tony Awards are considered the highest U.S. theatre honor , the New York theatre industry 's equivalent to the Academy Awards ( Oscars ) for film , the Emmy Awards for television , and the Grammy Awards for music . It also forms the fourth spoke in the EGOT , that is , someone who has won all four major annual American entertainment awards . The Tony Awards are also considered the equivalent of the Laurence Olivier Awards in the United Kingdom and the Molière Awards in France . The 73rd annual ceremony was held on June 9 , 2019 at Radio City Music Hall in New York City and was broadcast live on CBS . James Corden served as the host ."}]}, {'value': 'John Hillerman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Hillerman', 'summary': 'John Benedict Hillerman ( December 20 , 1932 - November 9 , 2017 ) was an American actor best known for his starring role as Jonathan Quayle Higgins III on the television show Magnum , P.I . that aired from 1980 to 1988 . For his role as Higgins , Hillerman earned five Golden Globe nominations , winning in 1981 , and four Emmy nominations , winning in 1987 . He retired from acting in 1999 .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '( never graduated )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Actor who won Golden Globe and Emmy Award for role in Magnum , P.I', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Golden_Globe', 'summary': "The Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association beginning in January 1944 , recognizing excellence in film , both American and International , and the American television . The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is normally held every January , and is a major part of the film industry 's awards season , which culminates each year in the Academy Awards . The eligibility period for the Golden Globes corresponds to the calendar year ( i.e . January 1 through December 31 ) . The 77th Golden Globe Awards , honoring the best in film and television in 2019 , were held on January 5 , 2020 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Emmy_Award', 'summary': 'An Emmy Award , or simply Emmy , is an American award that recognizes excellence in the television industry . It is presented at numerous annual events held throughout the calendar year , each honoring one of the various sectors of the television industry . The two ceremonies that receive the most media coverage are the Primetime Emmy Awards and the Daytime Emmy Awards , which recognize outstanding work in American primetime and daytime entertainment programming , respectively . Other notable Emmy events include those honoring national sports programming , national news and documentary shows , and technological and engineering achievements in television , including the Primetime Engineering Emmy Awards . Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year , recognizing excellence in local and statewide television . In addition , the International Emmy Awards honor excellence in TV programming produced and initially aired outside the United States . The Emmy is named after immy , an informal term for the image orthicon tube that was common in early television cameras . The statuette depicts a winged woman holding an atom . The Emmy is considered one of the four major American entertainment awards , the others being the Grammy ( for music ) , the Oscar ( for film ) , and the Tony ( for theater ) . Three related , but separate , organizations present the Emmy Award : the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences ( ATAS ) , the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences ( NATAS ) , and the International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences ( IATAS ) . The ATAS first awarded the Emmy in 1949 to honor shows produced in the Los Angeles area before it became a national event in the 1950s to honor programs aired nationwide . Over the next two decades , the ATAS , the NATAS , and the IATAS expanded the award to honor other areas of the TV industry , with each organization responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy competitions .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Magnum,_P.I.', 'summary': 'Magnum , P.I . is an American crime drama television series starring Tom Selleck as Thomas Magnum , a private investigator ( P.I . ) living on Oahu , Hawaii . The series ran from 1980 to 1988 during its first-run broadcast on the American television network CBS . According to the Nielsen ratings , Magnum , P.I . consistently ranked in the top twenty U.S. television programs during the first five years of its original run in the United States . A reboot series of the same name was ordered to series on May 11 , 2018 , and premiered on September 24 , 2018 on CBS .'}]}, {'value': 'Susan Howard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Susan_Howard', 'summary': 'Jeri Lynn Mooney ( born January 28 , 1944 ) , better known as Susan Howard , is an American actress , writer , and political activist . She is perhaps best known for portraying the character Donna Culver Krebbs on the prime time serial Dallas ( 1979-87 ) , and as a co-star of the series Petrocelli ( 1974-76 ) . She is also a screenwriter and member of the Writers Guild of America .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '( never graduated )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Actress , played Donna Culver Krebbs on soap opera Dallas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Donna_Culver_Krebbs', 'summary': 'Donna Culver Krebbs ( maiden name McCullum ) is a fictional character in the popular American television series Dallas , played by Susan Howard from 1979 to 1987 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dallas_(1978_TV_series)', 'summary': "Dallas is an American prime time television soap opera that aired on CBS from April 2 , 1978 , to May 3 , 1991 . The series revolves around a wealthy and feuding Texas family , the Ewings , who own the independent oil company Ewing Oil and the cattle-ranching land of Southfork . The series originally focused on the marriage of Bobby Ewing and Pamela Barnes , whose families were sworn enemies with each other . As the series progressed , Bobby 's older brother , oil tycoon J.R. Ewing , became the show 's breakout character , whose schemes and dirty business became the show 's trademark . When the show ended in May 3 , 1991 , J.R. was the only character to have appeared in every episode . The show was famous for its cliffhangers , including the Who shot J.R. ? mystery . The 1980 episode Who Done It remains the second highest rated prime-time telecast ever . The show also featured a Dream Season , in which the entirety of season 9 was revealed to have been a dream of Pam Ewing . After 14 seasons , the series finale Conundrum aired in 1991 . The show is mostly an ensemble cast , with Larry Hagman as greedy , scheming oil tycoon J.R. Ewing , stage/screen actress Barbara Bel Geddes as family matriarch Miss Ellie and Western movie actor Jim Davis as Ewing patriarch Jock , his last role before his death in 1981 . The series won four Emmy Awards , including a 1980 Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series win for Bel Geddes ."}]}, {'value': 'Jonathan Islas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jonathan_Islas', 'summary': 'Jonathan Christian Islas Porras best known as Jonathan Islas ( born on November 15 , 1979 in Mexico City , Mexico ) is a Mexican actor mainly known for his roles in various telenovelas .'}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts', 'summary': "A Bachelor of Arts ( BA or AB ; from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus ) is a bachelor 's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts and sciences . Bachelor of Arts programs generally take three or four years depending on the country and institution . Diplomas generally give the name of the institution , signatures of officials of the institution , type of degree conferred , conferring authority , and location at which the degree is conferred . Diplomas are printed on high-quality paper or parchment ; individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees ."}]}, {'value': 'Telenovela actor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'L. Q. Jones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/L._Q._Jones', 'summary': 'L. Q. Jones ( born Justus Ellis McQueen Jr. on August 19 , 1927 ) is an American actor and director best known for his work in the films of Sam Peckinpah .'}]}, {'value': '1950', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Prolific actor and producer in Westerns', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Western_(genre)', 'summary': 'Western is a genre of fiction which tells stories set primarily in the latter half of the 19th century in the American Old West , often centering on the life of a nomadic cowboy or gunfighter armed with a revolver and a rifle who rides a horse . Cowboys and gunslingers typically wear Stetson hats , neckerchief bandannas , vests , spurs , cowboy boots , and buckskins ( alternatively dusters ) . Recurring characters include the aforementioned cowboys , Native Americans , Spaniards , Mexicans , bandits , lawmen , bounty hunters , outlaws , gamblers , soldiers ( especially mounted cavalry , such as buffalo soldiers ) , and settlers ( farmers , ranchers , and townsfolk ) . The ambience is usually punctuated with a Western music score , including American and Spanish/Mexican folk music such as country , Native American music , New Mexico music , and rancheras . Westerns often stress the harshness of the wilderness and frequently set the action in an arid , desolate landscape of deserts and mountains . Often , the vast landscape plays an important role , presenting a mythic vision of the plains and deserts of the American West . Specific settings include ranches , small frontier towns , saloons , railways , wilderness , and isolated military forts of the Wild West . Common plots include :'}]}, {'value': 'Todd Lowe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Todd_Lowe', 'summary': "Todd Lowe ( born May 10 , 1977 ) is an American actor . He is best known for his role as Terry Bellefleur , a PTSD-suffering Iraq War veteran who works as a short order cook at Merlotte 's Bar & Grill. , on HBO 's True Blood and as Zack Van Gerbig on Gilmore Girls . In 2017 he played the role of Colin Dobbs , another war veteran , in five episodes of the USA Network series Shooter ( TV series ) , based on the 2007 film of the same name and the novel Point of Impact by Stephen Hunter In addition to television and film , Todd has starred in over twenty stage productions and has worked on several plays written by playwright Justin Tanner . Lowe has been a singer and guitarist for Pilbilly Knights , a country-rock band based in Los Angeles . The band released a compact disc , California Nigth Club ( sic ) in January 2007 . He is currently a member of another rock country band , The LA Hootenanny . Lowe is a graduate of The University of Texas at Austin graduating with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 1999 . While looking for jobs as an actor , Lowe worked as a substitute teacher ."}]}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts', 'summary': "A Bachelor of Arts ( BA or AB ; from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus ) is a bachelor 's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts and sciences . Bachelor of Arts programs generally take three or four years depending on the country and institution . Diplomas generally give the name of the institution , signatures of officials of the institution , type of degree conferred , conferring authority , and location at which the degree is conferred . Diplomas are printed on high-quality paper or parchment ; individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees ."}]}, {'value': 'Actor on True Blood and Gilmore Girls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/True_Blood', 'summary': "True Blood is an American fantasy horror drama television series produced and created by Alan Ball . It was based on The Southern Vampire Mysteries , a series of novels by Charlaine Harris . The series revolves around Sookie Stackhouse ( Anna Paquin ) , a telepathic waitress living in the fictional rural town of Bon Temps , Louisiana and is set two years after the invention of a synthetic blood product branded Tru Blood that has allowed vampires to come out of the coffin and let their presence to be known to mankind , chronicling the vampires ' struggle for equal rights and assimilation , while anti-vampire organizations begin to gain power . Sookie 's world is turned upside down when she falls in love with 173-year-old vampire Bill Compton ( Stephen Moyer ) , and for the first time , she must navigate the trials and terrors of intimacy and relationships . The show was broadcast on the premium cable network HBO , in the United States , and was produced by HBO in association with Ball 's production company , Your Face Goes Here Entertainment . The series premiered on September 7 , 2008 and concluded on August 24 , 2014 , comprising seven seasons and 80 episodes . The first five seasons received highly positive reviews , and both nominations and wins for several awards , including a Golden Globe and an Emmy ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gilmore_Girls', 'summary': "Gilmore Girls is an American comedy-drama television series , created by Amy Sherman-Palladino and starring Lauren Graham and Alexis Bledel . The show debuted on October 5 , 2000 , on The WB and became a flagship series for the network . Gilmore Girls originally ran for seven seasons , the final season moving to The CW and ending its run on May 15 , 2007 . The show 's main focus is on the relationship between single mother , Lorelai Gilmore , and her daughter Rory , who live in Stars Hollow , Connecticut , a small fictional town filled with colorful characters . The series explores issues of family , romance , education , friendship , disappointment , and ambition , along with generational divides and social class , the latter themes manifesting through Lorelai 's difficult relationship with her high society parents , Emily and Richard , and Rory 's experiences at the elite , private high school Chilton and later on at Yale University . Sherman-Palladino , who served as showrunner for the majority of the series , infused Gilmore Girls with distinctive fast-paced dialogue filled with pop culture references . After season six , when the series moved to its new network , Sherman-Palladino left the show and was replaced by David S. Rosenthal for the final season . The series was produced and distributed by Warner Bros. Television and filmed on the studio 's lot in Burbank , California . Television critics praised Gilmore Girls for its witty dialogue , cross-generational appeal , and effective mix of humor and drama . It never drew large ratings but was a relative success for The WB , peaking during season five as the network 's second most-popular show . The series has been in daily syndication since 2004 , while a growing and dedicated fandom has led to its status as a cult classic . Since coming off the air , Gilmore Girls has been cited in TV ( The Book ) and Time magazine as one of the 100 greatest television shows of all time ."}]}, {'value': 'Allen Ludden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Allen_Ludden', 'summary': 'Allen Ludden ( born Allen Packard Ellsworth , October 5 , 1917 - June 9 , 1981 ) was an American television personality , actor , emcee and game show host , perhaps best known for having hosted various incarnations of the game show Password between 1961 and 1980 .'}]}, {'value': '1940 1941', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BA MA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts', 'summary': "A Bachelor of Arts ( BA or AB ; from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus ) is a bachelor 's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts and sciences . Bachelor of Arts programs generally take three or four years depending on the country and institution . Diplomas generally give the name of the institution , signatures of officials of the institution , type of degree conferred , conferring authority , and location at which the degree is conferred . Diplomas are printed on high-quality paper or parchment ; individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Master_of_Arts', 'summary': "Master of Arts ( Latin : Magister Artium or Artium Magister ; abbreviated M.A . or A.M. ) is a type of master 's degree awarded by universities in many countries . The degree is usually contrasted with the Master of Science . Those admitted to the degree typically study linguistics , history , communication studies , diplomacy , public administration , political science , or other subjects within the scope of the humanities and social sciences ; however , different universities have different conventions and may also offer the degree for fields typically considered within the natural sciences and mathematics . The degree can be conferred in respect of completing courses and passing examinations , research , or a combination of the two . The Master of Arts traces its origin to the teaching license or Licentia docendi of the University of Paris ."}]}, {'value': 'Daytime Emmy Award winner for work as Password host , Peabody Award winner for Mind Your Manners', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daytime_Emmy_Awards', 'summary': 'The Daytime Emmy Award is an American accolade bestowed by the New York-based National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences in recognition of excellence in American daytime television programming . Ceremonies generally are held in May or June . Emmys are considered the television equivalent to the Academy Awards ( for film ) , Tony Awards ( for theatre ) , and Grammy Awards ( for music ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Password_(game)', 'summary': "Password is an American television game show which was created by Bob Stewart for Goodson-Todman Productions . The host was Allen Ludden , who had previously been well known as the host of the G.E . College Bowl . In the game , two teams , each composed of a celebrity player and a contestant , attempt to convey mystery words to each other using only single-word clues , in order to win cash prizes . Password originally aired for 1,555 daytime telecasts each weekday from October 2 , 1961 , to September 15 , 1967 , on CBS , along with weekly prime time airings from January 2 , 1962 , to September 9 , 1965 , and December 25 , 1966 , to May 22 , 1967 . An additional 1,099 daytime shows aired from April 5 , 1971 to June 27 , 1975 on ABC . The show 's announcers were Jack Clark and Lee Vines on CBS and John Harlan on ABC . Two revivals later aired on NBC : Password Plus from 1979 to 1982 , and Super Password from 1984 to 1989 , followed by a primetime version , Million Dollar Password , on CBS from 2008 to 2009 . All of these versions introduced new variations in gameplay . In 2013 , TV Guide ranked it # 8 in its list of the 60 greatest game shows ever ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Peabody_Award', 'summary': "The George Foster Peabody Awards ( or simply Peabody Awards or the Peabodys ) program , named for the American businessman and philanthropist George Peabody , honor the most powerful , enlightening , and invigorating stories in television , radio , and online media . Programs are recognized in seven categories : news , entertainment , documentaries , children 's programming , education , interactive programming , and public service . Peabody Award winners include radio and television stations , networks , online media , producing organizations , and individuals from around the world . Established in 1940 by a committee of the National Association of Broadcasters , the Peabody Award was created to honor excellence in radio broadcasting . It is the oldest major electronic media award in the United States . Final Peabody Award winners are selected unanimously by the program 's Board of Jurors . Reflecting excellence in quality storytelling , rather than popularity or commercial success , Peabody Awards are distributed annually to 30 out of 60 finalists culled from more than 1,000 entries . Because submissions are accepted from a wide variety of sources and styles , deliberations seek Excellence On Its Own Terms . Each entry is evaluated on the achievement of standards established within its own context . Entries , for which a US $ 350 fee ( US $ 225 for radio ) is required , are self-selected by those making submissions ."}]}, {'value': 'Jayne Mansfield', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jayne_Mansfield', 'summary': "Jayne Mansfield ( born Vera Jayne Palmer ; April 19 , 1933 - June 29 , 1967 ) was an American film , theater , and television actress . She was also a nightclub entertainer and a singer , and one of the early Playboy Playmates . She was a major Hollywood sex symbol during the 1950s and early 1960s while under contract at 20th Century Fox . She was also known for her well-publicized personal life and publicity stunts , such as wardrobe malfunctions . Mansfield 's film career was short-lived , but she had several box-office successes and won a Theatre World Award and a Golden Globe . She enjoyed success in the role of fictional actress Rita Marlowe , both in the 1955-1956 Broadway version and the 1957 film version of Will Success Spoil Rock Hunter ? Her other major movie performances were in The Girl Ca n't Help It ( 1956 ) , The Wayward Bus ( 1957 ) , and Too Hot to Handle ( 1960 ) . She became the first major American actress in a Hollywood film to have a nude scene in Promises ! Promises ! ( 1963 ) . Mansfield took her professional name from her first husband , public-relations professional Paul Mansfield . She was married and divorced three times and had five children ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '( never graduated )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Actress , film star who won Theatre World Award and Golden Globe ; mother of Mariska Hargitay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Theatre_World_Award', 'summary': 'The Theatre World Award is an American honor presented annually to actors and actresses in recognition of an outstanding New York City stage debut performance , either on Broadway or off-Broadway . It was first awarded for the 1945-1946 theatre season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Golden_Globe', 'summary': "The Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association beginning in January 1944 , recognizing excellence in film , both American and International , and the American television . The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is normally held every January , and is a major part of the film industry 's awards season , which culminates each year in the Academy Awards . The eligibility period for the Golden Globes corresponds to the calendar year ( i.e . January 1 through December 31 ) . The 77th Golden Globe Awards , honoring the best in film and television in 2019 , were held on January 5 , 2020 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mariska_Hargitay', 'summary': 'Mariska Magdolna Hargitay ( born January 23 , 1964 ) is an American actress best known for her role as New York Police Department Captain Olivia Benson on the NBC drama series Law & Order : Special Victims Unit . Hargitay has starred on Law & Order : Special Victims Unit since 1999 . For her role on the show , Hargitay has received multiple awards and nominations , including a Primetime Emmy and a Golden Globe . The daughter of bodybuilder and actor Mickey Hargitay and actress Jayne Mansfield , Hargitay made her film debut in the 1985 horror comedy film Ghoulies and her major television debut in the 1986 adventure drama series Downtown . She appeared in numerous roles in film and on television throughout the late 1980s and 1990s before being cast on Law & Order : Special Victims Unit . Hargitays work on that show led her to found the Joyful Heart Foundation , an organization that provides support to people who have been sexually abused .'}]}, {'value': 'Matthew McConaughey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Matthew_McConaughey', 'summary': "Matthew David McConaughey ( /məˈkɒnəheɪ/ ; born November 4 , 1969 ) is an American actor and producer . He first gained notice for his supporting performance in the coming-of-age comedy Dazed and Confused ( 1993 ) , considered by many to be his breakout role . After a number of supporting roles in films including Angels in the Outfield ( 1994 ) and Texas Chainsaw Massacre : The Next Generation ( 1994 ) , his breakthrough performance as a leading man came in the legal drama A Time to Kill ( 1996 ) . He followed this with leading performances in the science fiction film Contact ( 1997 ) and the historical drama Amistad ( 1997 ) , the comedy-drama The Newton Boys ( 1998 ) , the satire EDtv ( 1999 ) , the war film U-571 ( 2000 ) , and the psychological thriller Frailty ( 2001 ) . In the 2000s , McConaughey became best known for starring in romantic comedies , including The Wedding Planner ( 2001 ) , How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days ( 2003 ) , Failure to Launch ( 2006 ) , Fool 's Gold ( 2008 ) , and Ghosts of Girlfriends Past ( 2009 ) , establishing him as a sex symbol . After a two-year hiatus from film acting , McConaughey began to appear in more dramatic roles beginning with the legal drama The Lincoln Lawyer ( 2011 ) . He was acclaimed for his supporting performances in Bernie ( 2011 ) , Magic Mike ( 2012 ) and The Wolf of Wall Street ( 2013 ) , and for his leading roles in Killer Joe ( 2011 ) and Mud ( 2012 ) . McConaughey 's portrayal of Ron Woodroof , a cowboy diagnosed with AIDS , in the biopic Dallas Buyers Club ( 2013 ) earned him widespread praise and numerous accolades , including the Academy Award for Best Actor . In 2014 , he starred as Rust Cohle in the first season of HBO 's crime anthology series True Detective , for which he was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series . His film roles since have included Interstellar ( 2014 ) , The Sea of Trees ( 2015 ) , Free State of Jones ( 2016 ) , Gold ( 2016 ) , and The Dark Tower ( 2017 ) , earning varying degrees of commercial and critical success , as well as voice work in Kubo and the Two Strings ( 2016 ) and Sing ( 2016 ) ."}]}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts', 'summary': "A Bachelor of Arts ( BA or AB ; from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus ) is a bachelor 's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts and sciences . Bachelor of Arts programs generally take three or four years depending on the country and institution . Diplomas generally give the name of the institution , signatures of officials of the institution , type of degree conferred , conferring authority , and location at which the degree is conferred . Diplomas are printed on high-quality paper or parchment ; individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees ."}]}, {'value': 'Actor , film star who won Academy Award for role in Dallas Buyers Club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Academy_Award', 'summary': "The Academy Awards , more popularly known as the Oscars , are awards for artistic and technical merit in the film industry . Given annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , the awards are an international recognition of excellence in cinematic achievements as assessed by the Academy 's voting membership . The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette , officially called the Academy Award of Merit , although more commonly referred to by its nickname , the Oscar . The statuette depicts a knight rendered in the Art Deco style . The award was originally sculpted by George Stanley from a design sketch by Cedric Gibbons . AMPAS first presented it in 1929 at a private dinner hosted by Douglas Fairbanks in the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel in what would become known as the 1st Academy Awards . The Academy Awards ceremony was first broadcast by radio in 1930 and was televised for the first time in 1953 . It is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and is now televised live worldwide . It is also the oldest of the four major annual American entertainment awards ; its other three equivalents - the Emmy Awards for television , the Tony Awards for theater , and the Grammy Awards for music - are modeled after the Academy Awards . The 91st Academy Awards ceremony , honoring the best films of 2018 , was held on February 24 , 2019 , at the Dolby Theatre , in Los Angeles , California . The ceremony was broadcast on ABC . A total of 3,096 Oscar statuettes have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 91st ceremony ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Dallas_Buyers_Club', 'summary': "Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack , and directed by Jean-Marc Vallée . The film tells the story of Ron Woodroof ( Matthew McConaughey ) , an AIDS patient diagnosed in the mid 1980s when HIV/AIDS treatments were under-researched , while the disease was not understood and highly stigmatized . As part of the experimental AIDS treatment movement , he smuggled unapproved pharmaceutical drugs into Texas for treating his symptoms , and distributed them to fellow people with AIDS by establishing the Dallas Buyers Club while facing opposition from the Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) . Two fictional supporting characters , Dr. Eve Saks ( Jennifer Garner ) , and Rayon ( Jared Leto ) , were composite roles created from the writers ' interviews with transgender AIDS patients , activists , and doctors . Presidential biographer and PEN-USA winner Bill Minutaglio wrote the first magazine profile of The Dallas Buyers Club in 1992 . The article , which featured interviews with Woodroof and also recreated his dramatic international exploits , attracted widespread attention from filmmakers and journalists . Screenwriter Borten interviewed Woodroof in 1992 and wrote the script , which he polished with writer Wallack in 2000 , and then sold to producer Robbie Brenner . Several other actors , directors , and producers who were attached at various times to the development of the film left the project . Universal Pictures also tried to make the film , but did not . A couple of screenwriters wrote drafts that were rejected . In 2009 , producer Brenner involved Matthew McConaughey , because of his Texas origins , the same as Woodroof 's . Brenner selected the first draft , written by Borten and Wallack , for the film , and then Vallée was set to direct the film ."}]}, {'value': 'Bruce McGill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bruce_McGill', 'summary': "Bruce Travis McGill ( born July 11 , 1950 ) is an American actor . He is perhaps best known for his work with director Michael Mann in the movies The Insider ( 1999 ) , Ali ( 2001 ) , and Collateral ( 2004 ) . McGill 's other notable film roles include Daniel Simpson D-Day Day in John Landis ' Animal House , Com . Matuzak in Timecop , Reverend Larson in Shallow Hal , Gene Revell in The Sum of All Fears , and Lt. Brooks in Ride Along and its sequel Ride Along 2 . Bruce McGill 's television roles include Jack Dalton on MacGyver ( 1985-1992 ) and Det . Vince Korsak on Rizzoli & Isles ( 2010-2016 ) . He also portrayed Captain Braxton in one episode of Star Trek Voyager ( 1999 ) and voiced Lloyd Waterman , the owner of Waterman cable , on The Cleveland Show ( 2012-2014 ) . He played Ralph Houk in Billy Crystal 's made-for-television film 61* ( 2001 ) . During the 2016 presidential election , McGill narrated a number of commercials promoting Donald Trump and the Republican Party ."}]}, {'value': '1973', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BFA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts', 'summary': "A Bachelor of Arts ( BA or AB ; from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus ) is a bachelor 's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts and sciences . Bachelor of Arts programs generally take three or four years depending on the country and institution . Diplomas generally give the name of the institution , signatures of officials of the institution , type of degree conferred , conferring authority , and location at which the degree is conferred . Diplomas are printed on high-quality paper or parchment ; individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees ."}]}, {'value': 'Actor in films such as Animal House , My Cousin Vinny , The Insider , Cinderella Man , Collateral , Lincoln and many other film and television roles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Animal_House', 'summary': "National Lampoon 's Animal House is a 1978 American comedy film directed by John Landis and written by Harold Ramis , Douglas Kenney and Chris Miller . It stars John Belushi , Peter Riegert , Tim Matheson , John Vernon , Verna Bloom , Thomas Hulce , Stephen Furst , and Donald Sutherland . The film is about a misfit group of fraternity members who challenge the authority of the dean of Faber College . The film was produced by Matty Simmons of National Lampoon and Ivan Reitman for Universal Pictures . It was inspired by stories written by Miller and published in National Lampoon . The stories were based on Ramis 's experience in the Zeta Beta Tau fraternity at Washington University in St. Louis , Miller 's Alpha Delta Phi experiences at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire , and producer Reitman 's at McMaster University in Hamilton , Ontario . Of the younger lead actors , only the 28-year-old Belushi was an established star , but even he had not yet appeared in a film , having gained fame mainly from his television appearances on Saturday Night Live , which was starting its third season in autumn 1977 . Several of the actors who were cast as college students , including Hulce , Karen Allen , and Kevin Bacon , were just beginning their film careers , although Matheson had appeared as one of the vigilante cops in the second Dirty Harry film , Magnum Force , and had voiced the title character in Jonny Quest . Upon its initial release , Animal House received generally mixed reviews from critics , but Time and Roger Ebert proclaimed it one of the year 's best . Filmed for only $ 2.8 million , it garnered an estimated gross of more than $ 142 million in the form of theatrical rentals and home video , not including merchandising , making it the highest grossing comedy film of its time . The film , along with 1977 's The Kentucky Fried Movie , also directed by Landis , was largely responsible for defining and launching the gross out film genre , which became one of Hollywood 's staples . In 2001 , the United States Library of Congress deemed Animal House culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry ."}, {'url': '/wiki/My_Cousin_Vinny', 'summary': 'My Cousin Vinny is a 1992 American comedy film directed by Jonathan Lynn , from a screenplay written by Dale Launer . The film stars Joe Pesci , Ralph Macchio , Marisa Tomei , Mitchell Whitfield , Lane Smith , Bruce McGill , and Fred Gwynne in his final film appearance . The film deals with two young New Yorkers traveling through rural Alabama who are arrested and put on trial for a murder they did not commit and the comical attempts of a cousin , Vincent Gambini , a lawyer who had only recently passed the bar exam after several unsuccessful attempts , to defend them . Much of the humor comes from the fish-out-of-water interaction between the brash Italian-American New Yorkers ( Vinny and his fiancée , Mona Lisa ) and the more reserved Southern townspeople . A critical and financial success , Pesci , Gwynne , and Tomei all received praise for their performances , and Tomei won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . The film has also been lauded by attorneys for its accurate depiction of court procedure and trial strategy .'}, {'url': '/wiki/The_Insider_(film)', 'summary': "The Insider is a 1999 American drama film directed by Michael Mann , from a script adapted by Eric Roth and Mann from Marie Brenner 's Vanity Fair article The Man Who Knew Too Much . The film stars Al Pacino and Russell Crowe , with supporting actors including Christopher Plummer , Bruce McGill , Diane Venora and Michael Gambon . A fictionalized account of a true story , it is based on the 60 Minutes segment about Jeffrey Wigand , a whistleblower in the tobacco industry , covering the personal struggles of him and CBS producer Lowell Bergman as they defend his testimony against efforts to discredit and suppress it by CBS and Wigand 's former employer . Though not a box office success , The Insider received critical acclaim , with particular praise for Crowe 's portrayal of Wigand , and Mann 's direction . It was nominated for seven Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Actor in a Leading Role ( for Russell Crowe ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cinderella_Man', 'summary': 'Cinderella Man is a 2005 American biographical sports drama film by Ron Howard , titled after the nickname of world heavyweight boxing champion James J. Braddock and inspired by his life story . The film was produced by Howard , Penny Marshall , and Brian Grazer . Damon Runyon is credited for giving Braddock this nickname . Russell Crowe , Renée Zellweger and Paul Giamatti star . The film received generally positive reviews , and received three Academy Award nominations , including Best Supporting Actor for Giamatti .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Collateral_(film)', 'summary': "Collateral is a 2004 American neo-noir action thriller film directed and produced by Michael Mann , written by Stuart Beattie and starring Tom Cruise and Jamie Foxx . Jada Pinkett Smith , Mark Ruffalo , Peter Berg , Javier Bardem , and Bruce McGill feature in supporting roles . It follows Max , a Los Angeles cab driver and his customer Vincent . When offered a high fare for driving to several locations , Max agrees but soon finds himself taken hostage by Vincent who turns out to be a hitman on a contract killing spree . Collateral was released in the United States on August 6 , 2004 , and grossed $ 217 million worldwide . The film received critical acclaim particularly for Michael Mann 's direction and the musical score . The film was chosen by the National Board of Review as one of the top ten films of 2004 . Cruise and Foxx 's performances were widely praised , with Foxx being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor ; the editors , Jim Miller and Paul Rubell , were nominated for the Academy Award for Best Film Editing ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Lincoln_(2012_film)', 'summary': "Lincoln is a 2012 historical drama film directed and produced by Steven Spielberg , starring Daniel Day-Lewis as United States President Abraham Lincoln . The film also features Sally Field , David Strathairn , Joseph Gordon-Levitt , James Spader , Hal Holbrook , and Tommy Lee Jones in supporting roles . The screenplay by Tony Kushner was loosely based on Doris Kearns Goodwin 's biography Team of Rivals : The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln , and covers the final four months of Lincoln 's life , focusing on his efforts in January 1865 to have the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution passed by the United States House of Representatives . The film was produced by Spielberg and frequent collaborator Kathleen Kennedy , through their respective production companies , Amblin Entertainment and the Kennedy/Marshall Company . Filming began October 17 , 2011 , and ended on December 19 , 2011 . Lincoln premiered on October 8 , 2012 at the New York Film Festival . The film was co-produced by American companies DreamWorks Pictures , 20th Century Fox , and Participant Media , with Indian company Reliance Entertainment , and released theatrically by Touchstone Pictures in North America on November 9 , 2012 . The film was distributed by 20th Century in international territories . Lincoln received significant praise for the acting , especially Day-Lewis 's performance , as well as Spielberg 's direction , and production values . In December 2012 , the film was nominated for seven Golden Globe Awards including Best Motion Picture - Drama , Best Director for Spielberg and winning Best Actor ( Motion Picture - Drama ) for Day-Lewis . At the 85th Academy Awards , the film was nominated for twelve Academy Awards including Best Picture and Best Director ; it won for Best Production Design and Best Actor for Day-Lewis . The film was also a commercial success , grossing over $ 275 million at the box office ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Entertainment -- Film and stage', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_University_of_Texas_at_Austin_alumni_4', 'intro': 'This list of University of Texas at Austin alumni includes notable graduates, non-graduate former students, and current students of the University of Texas at Austin. The institution is a major research university in Downtown Austin, Texas, US and is the flagship institution of the University of Texas System. Founded in 1883, the university has had the fifth largest single-campus enrollment in the nation as of Fall 2006 (and had the largest enrollment in the country from 1997 to 2003), with over 50,000 undergraduate and graduate students and 16,500 faculty and staff. It currently holds the second largest enrollment of all colleges in the state of Texas.'}
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What is the class year of the alumni born May 23 , 1931 ?
1952
049cc6c0b1a01b70
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavian_family_name_etymology', 'title': 'Scandinavian family name etymology', 'header': ['Rank', 'Surname', 'Number of bearers 1971', 'Number of bearers 2012', 'Type', 'Etymology'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jensen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jensen_(surname)', 'summary': "Jensen is a surname of Scandinavian origin . Jensen literally means son of Jens . In the 2001 it was the most common surname in Denmark , but nowadays it is the second most common surname in Denmark , where it is shared by about 5% of the population . It is also very common in other Scandinavian countries such as Norway , where it is the ninth most common surname , but nevertheless shared by about 5% of the population . The name is also in use in the Faroe Islands . There was no Jensen family , merely a system of patronymics that was finally fixed in the 19th century at an arbitrary time , when the state bureaucracy required family names ; before that people took their name from their father 's first name ."}]}, {'value': '368,631', 'urls': []}, {'value': '264,824', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'patronymic', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'son of Jens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jens_(given_name)', 'summary': 'Jens is a male given name and a Danish , German , Norwegian , Swedish , Faroese and Frisian derivative of Johannes .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nielsen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nielsen_(surname)', 'summary': 'Nielsen Danish pronunciation : [ ˈnelsn̩ ] is a Danish patronymic surname , literally meaning son of Niels , Niels being the Danish version of the Greek male given name Νικόλαος , Nikolaos ( cf . Nicholas ) . It is the most common surname in Denmark , shared by about 5% of the population . It is also used in Norway , although the forms Nelsen and Nilsen are more common . In Sweden the parallel form is Nilsson . Nielsen is also in use in the Faroe Islands . The frequent occurrences of Nielsen as a surname outside Denmark is due to emigration . Immigrants to English-speaking countries sometimes changed the spelling to Nielson , Nelsen , Nelson , Neilson , or Neilsen . [ original research ? ]'}]}, {'value': '349,126', 'urls': []}, {'value': '264,159', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'patronymic', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'son of Niels', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Niels', 'summary': 'Niels is a male given name , equivalent to Nicholas , which is common in Denmark , Norway ( formerly ) and the Netherlands . The Norwegian and Swedish variant is Nils . The name is a developed short form of Nicholas or Greek Nicolaos after Saint Nicholas . Its pet form is Nisse , and female variants are Nielsine , Nielsina , and Nielsa . Niels may refer to :'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hansen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hansen_(surname)', 'summary': 'Hansen or Hanssen ( Danish pronunciation : [ ˈhænsn̩ ] ) is a Scandinavian patronymic surname , meaning son of Hans . As of 2008 , it is the third most common surname in Denmark , shared by 4.3% of the population . As of 2000 , Hansen is the single most common surname in Norway , not counting spelling variations such as Hanssen , which are also quite common . In the Faroe Islands Hansen is the second most common surname , while in the North German federal states of Schleswig-Holstein and Hamburg Hansen is the third and fifth most common surname , respectively . In Sweden the parallel form is Hansson . The frequent occurrences of Hansen as a surname outside Denmark , Norway and Schleswig-Holstein is due to immigration , though Nordic immigrants to English-speaking countries often anglicised their names to Hanson in order to accommodate English orthographic rules .'}]}, {'value': '297,937', 'urls': []}, {'value': '220,956', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'patronymic', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'son of Hans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hans_(name)', 'summary': "Hans is a Germanic masculine given name in German , Danish , Dutch , Faroese , Norwegian , Icelandic and Swedish-speaking populations . It was originally short for Johannes ( John ) , but is now also recognized as a name in its own right for official purposes . The earliest documented usage was in 1356 in Sweden , 1360 in Norway , and the 14th century in Denmark . The name Hansel ( German : Hänsel ) is a variant , meaning little Hans . Another variant with the same meaning is Hänschen , found in the German proverb Was Hänschen nicht lernt , lernt Hans nimmermehr , which translates roughly as : What Hansel does n't learn , Hans will never learn . Other variants include : Han , Hawns , Hanns , Hannes , Hanse , Hansi ( also female ) , Hansele , Hansal , Hensal , Hanserl , Hännschen , Hennes , Hännes , Hänneschen , Henning , Henner , Honsa , Johan , Johann , Jan , Jannes , Jo , Joha , Hanselmann , Hansje ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pedersen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pedersen', 'summary': 'Pedersen Danish pronunciation : [ ˈpʰeðɐsn̩ ] , is a Danish and Norwegian patronymic surname , literally meaning son of Peder . It is the fourth most common surname in Denmark , shared by about 3.4% of the population . and the sixth most common in Norway . It is of similar origin as the surname Petersen .'}]}, {'value': '203,426', 'urls': []}, {'value': '166,417', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'patronymic', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'son of Peder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peder', 'summary': 'Peter is a common masculine given name . It is derived from Greek Πέτρος , Petros ( meaning stone , rock , via Greek petra )'}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andersen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andersen', 'summary': 'Andersen ( Danish pronunciation : [ ˈanɐsn̩ ] ) is a Danish-Norwegian patronymic surname meaning son of Anders ( itself derived from the Greek name Ανδρέας/Andreas , cf . English Andrew ) . It is the fifth most common surname in Denmark , shared by about 3.2% of the population . From the same root - the given name Andreas - derives the surname Andreasen Danish pronunciation : [ ænˈtʁɛˀæsn̩ ] ( cognate Andreassen ) and Andresen Danish pronunciation : [ ænˈtʁɛˀsn̩ ] . The numbers of bearers of the surnames Andersen , Andreasen , Andreassen and Andresen in Denmark and Norway ( 2009 ) :'}]}, {'value': '188,359', 'urls': []}, {'value': '161,379', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'patronymic', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'son of Anders', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anders', 'summary': "Anders is a name in Scandinavian languages and Fering North Frisian , an equivalent of the Greek Andreas ( manly ) and the English Andrew . It originated from Andres via metathesis . In Sweden , Anders has been one of the most common names for many centuries , earliest attested in 1378 . It was common for priests and farmers during medieval times . According to Statistics Sweden , as of December 31 , 2002 , it ranks 4th among the male names . The great frequency of this name at the point in time ( around 1900 ) when patronymics were converted into family names is the reason why 1 out of every 30 Swedes today is called Andersson . The name day of Anders in the Scandinavian calendar is November 30 , and in the old peasant superstition that day was important for determining what the Christmas weather would be . If it was very cold on November 30 , there would be much sleet on Christmas ( and vice versa ) . [ citation needed ] In Denmark ( but not in Norway or Sweden ) , Donald Duck 's name is Anders And . The Fering name Anders may have been borrowed from the Danish version ."}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christensen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christensen_(surname)', 'summary': 'Christensen Danish pronunciation : [ ˈkʰʁɛstn̩sn̩ ] , is a Danish ( and Norwegian ) patronymic surname , literally meaning son of Christen , a sideform of Christian . The spelling variant Kristensen has identical pronunciation . Christensen is the sixth most common name in Denmark , shared by about 2% of the population . In Norway and Sweden the name can also be spelled Christenson or Kristenson . The numbers of bearers of the surnames Christensen and Kristensen in Denmark and Norway ( 2007 ) :'}]}, {'value': '159,943', 'urls': []}, {'value': '121,147', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'patronymic', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'son of Christen', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Larsen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Larsen_(surname)', 'summary': 'Larsen Danish pronunciation : [ ˈlaːsn̩ ] , is a Danish-Norwegian patronymic surname , literally meaning son of Lars ( equivalent of Laurentius ) . It is the seventh most common surname in Denmark , shared by about 2.4% of the population . Larsen may refer to :'}]}, {'value': '148,214', 'urls': []}, {'value': '118,144', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'patronymic', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'son of Lars', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lars', 'summary': 'Lars is a common male name in Germanic-speaking countries , excluding the Anglosphere .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sørensen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sørensen', 'summary': 'Sørensen Danish pronunciation : [ ˈsɶɐ̯ˀnsn̩ ] is a Danish-Norwegian patronymic surname meaning son of Søren ( given name equivalent of Severin ) . It is the third most common surname in Denmark , shared by about 2.3% of the population . Immigrants to English-speaking countries often changed the spelling to Sorensen or Sorenson in order to accommodate English orthographic rules . English-language media often similarly renders Sørensen it as either Sorensen or Sorenson . A parallel form of similar origin is Severinsen . The numbers of bearers of the surnames Sørensen and Severinsen in Denmark and Norway ( 2008 ) :'}]}, {'value': '139,111', 'urls': []}, {'value': '113,207', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'patronymic', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'son of Søren', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Søren_(given_name)', 'summary': 'Søren ( Danish : [ ˈsɶːɐ̯n̩ ] , Norwegian : [ ˈsøːɳ ] ) or Sören ( Swedish : [ ˈsœ̌ːrɛn ] , German : [ ˈzøːʁən ] ) is a Scandinavian given name that is sometimes Anglicized as Soren . The name is derived from that of the 4th-century Christian saint Severin of Cologne , ultimately derived from the Latin severus ( severe , strict , serious ) . Its feminine form is Sørine , though its use is uncommon.The patronymic surname Sørensen is derived from Søren .'}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rasmussen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rasmussen', 'summary': "The surname Rasmussen ( Danish pronunciation : [ ˈʁasmusn̩ ] ) is a Danish and Norwegian surname , meaning Rasmus ' son . It is the ninth-most-common surname in Denmark , shared by about 1.9% of the population . People with this name include :"}]}, {'value': '117,355', 'urls': []}, {'value': '96,250', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'patronymic', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'son of Rasmus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rasmus_(given_name)', 'summary': 'Rasmus is a shortened form of Erasmus , a name which means beloved and was the name of Erasmus of Formia , a well-known saint . It is one of the most common unisex given names in Scandinavia . People with the given name Rasmus include :'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jørgensen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jorgensen', 'summary': 'Jorgensen ( original spelling : Jørgensen Danish pronunciation : [ ˈjɶɐ̯n̩sn̩ ] ) is a common Danish-Norwegian patronymic surname meaning son of Jørgen ( Danish version of the Greek Γεώργιος ( geōrgios ) , cf . English George ) . Jørgensen is the tenth most common surname in Denmark , shared by about 1.8% of the population . It is also the twenty second most common surname in Norway . Scandinavian immigrants to English-speaking countries often changed the spelling to Jorgensen or Jorgenson in order to accommodate English orthographic rules . Similarly , mass media in English often render Jørgensen as Jorgensen . It may refer to :'}]}, {'value': '110,132', 'urls': []}, {'value': '89,846', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'patronymic', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'son of Jørgen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_(given_name)', 'summary': 'George ( /ˈd͡ʒɔːɹd͡ʒ/ in English or /d͡ʒe̯ord͡ʒe/ in Romanian ) is a masculine given name , of English and Romanian origin , derived from the Greek Geōrgios ( Γεώργιος ; Ancient Greek : [ geɔ́ːrgios ] Modern Greek : [ ʝeˈorʝios ] ) . The name gained popularity due to its association with the Christian martyr , Saint George ( died 23 April 303 ) , a member of the Praetorian Guard who was sentenced to death for his refusal to renounce Christianity , and prior to that , it might have been a theophoric name , with origins in Zeus Georgos , an early title of the Greek god Zeus . Today , it is among one of the most commonly used names in the Western world , though its religious significance has waned among modern populations . Its diminutives are Geordie and Georgie , with first limited primarily to residents of England and Scotland , and its feminine forms , used in the Anglosphere , are Georgeanna , Georgeanne , Georgene , Georgia , Georgiana , and Georgina .'}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Petersen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Petersen', 'summary': 'Petersen is a common Scandinavian patronymic surname , meaning son of Peter . There are other spellings . Petersen may refer to :'}]}, {'value': '130,236', 'urls': []}, {'value': '81,250', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'patronymic', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'son of Peter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peter_(first_name)', 'summary': 'Peter is a common masculine given name . It is derived from Greek Πέτρος , Petros ( meaning stone , rock , via Greek petra )'}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Madsen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madsen_(surname)', 'summary': 'Madsen is a common surname of Danish origin . The meaning of Madsen is Son of Mads . Mads is Danish form of Matthew . Notable people with the surname include :'}]}, {'value': '76,441', 'urls': []}, {'value': '65,222', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'patronymic', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'son of Mads', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mads_(given_name)', 'summary': 'Mads is a male given name , a Scandinavian form of Matthew ( see also : Mats ) . Notable people with the name include : In sports :'}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kristensen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kristensen', 'summary': 'Kristensen is a surname of Danish origin . People with the surname include :'}]}, {'value': '58,990', 'urls': []}, {'value': '61,274', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'patronymic', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'son of Kristen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kristen_(given_name)', 'summary': 'Kristen is a first name , the Breton , Danish or Norwegian form of Christian . It is borne as a male name in Scandinavia as it originally was . In Breton , it is a male and female name . In English-speaking countries however , Kristen is now usually a female name , used as an alternative spelling of Kristin , a Scandinavian form and a variation of Christine .'}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Olsen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olsen_(surname)', 'summary': 'Olsen ( Danish pronunciation : [ ˈoˀlsn̩ ] ) is a Danish-Norwegian patronymic surname meaning son of Ole . The surname Olesen ( pronounced [ ˈoːləsn̩ ] ) has a similar origin . The Swedish parallel form is Olsson - son of Ola . Danish and Norwegian immigrants to English-speaking countries often changed the spelling to Olson in order to accommodate English orthographic rules . Notable people with the surname include :'}]}, {'value': '65,194', 'urls': []}, {'value': '49,091', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'patronymic', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'son of Ole', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ole_(name)', 'summary': "Ole is a Danish and Norwegian masculine given name , derived from the Old Norse name Óláfr , meaning ancestor 's descendant ."}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thomsen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomsen', 'summary': 'Thomsen is a Danish patronymic surname meaning son of Tom ( or Thomas ) , itself derived from the Aramaic תום or Tôm , meaning twin . There are many varied surname spellings , with the first historical record believed to be found in 1252 . Thomsen is uncommon as a given name . People with the surname Thomsen include :'}]}, {'value': '40,180', 'urls': []}, {'value': '39,473', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'patronymic', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'son of Thomas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_(name)', 'summary': 'Thomas is recorded in the Greek New Testament as the name of Thomas the Apostle ( one of the twelve apostles of Jesus ) . It is ultimately derived from the Aramaic personal name תאומא /tɑʔwmɑʔ/ , meaning twin , and the English spelling Thomas is a transliteration of the approximate Greek transliteration , Θωμάς .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christiansen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christiansen', 'summary': 'Christiansen ( Danish pronunciation : [ kʰʁɛˈstjænˀsn̩ ] ) is a Danish and Norwegian patronymic surname , literally meaning son of Christian . The spelling variant Kristiansen has identical pronunciation . Christiansen is the sixteenth most common name in Denmark , but is shared by less than 1% of the population . The numbers of bearers of the surnames Christiansen and Kristiansen in Denmark and Norway ( 2007 ) :'}]}, {'value': '45,984', 'urls': []}, {'value': '37,493', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'patronymic', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'son of Christian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christian_(given_name)', 'summary': 'Christian originated as a Baptismal name used by persons of the Christian religion . It is now a given name born by males , and by females as Christiana and other feminized variants . An historically commonly used abbreviation , used for example on English 17th century church monuments and pedigrees , is Xpian , using the Greek Chi Rho Christogram Χρ , short for Χριστός , Christ . The Greek form of the baptismal name is Χριστιανός , a Christian . It can also be derived from the Greek Χριστός , Christ , and Ioannes , Greek form of John . The name denotes a follower of Christ , thus a Christian . It has been used as a given name since the Middle Ages , at first as a name for females , without any feminising word endings . Today the name is popular in the United States , the United Kingdom , Ireland , Canada , Australia , New Zealand , South Africa , France , Italy , the Netherlands , Belgium , Switzerland , Germany , Austria , Hungary , Norway , Sweden , Finland , Denmark , Iceland , Estonia and Bulgaria . Today in Europe - though not the United States [ clarification needed ] - it is almost exclusively used as a male name , but in the 17th and 18th centuries it was a popular female first name in Scotland . [ citation needed ] Female variants of the name include Christine , Cristina , Christiane , Cristiane , Kristen , Kristin , and Kirsten . Holders of the name Cristana may go by the nicknames or shortened forms Cris , Crissy , Tina , or Xian .'}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Poulsen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Poulsen', 'summary': 'Poulsen is a Danish patronymic surname meaning son of Poul ( Danish version of the Biblical Paul ) . The form Paulsen is a less common cognate . It may refer to :'}]}, {'value': '36,544', 'urls': []}, {'value': '32,526', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'patronymic', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'son of Poul', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Poul', 'summary': 'Poul is a Danish masculine given name . It is the Danish cognate of the name Paul . Poul may refer to :'}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Johansen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johansen', 'summary': 'Johansen is a Scandinavian patronymic surname meaning son of Johan . It is most common in Denmark and Norway . The Swedish variant is Johansson , while the most common spelling in the US is Johanson . There are still other spellings . Johansen is an uncommon given name . People with the surname Johansen include :'}]}, {'value': '36,470', 'urls': []}, {'value': '31,517', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'patronymic', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'son of Johan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johan_(given_name)', 'summary': 'Johan is a masculine given name of Hebrew origin . It is a shortened form of the Hebrew name יְהוֹחָנָן ( Yəhôḥānān ) , meaning God is gracious , and uncommon as a surname . Johan is also a masculine given name of Malay language origin , meaning Champion . People with the name Johan include :'}]}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Møller', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Møller', 'summary': 'Møller [ ˈmøˀlɐ ] is a Danish surname , referring to an occupation as a Miller , equivalent of the Scottish/English Miller , the German Müller etc . Møller is the twentieth commonest surname in Denmark . It is the most common non-patronymic surname . Danish immigrants to English-speaking countries often anglicized the name to Miller , Moller , or Moeller .'}]}, {'value': '31,645', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30,321', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'occupational', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'miller', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Johnsen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johnsen', 'summary': 'Johnsen is a patronymic surname meaning son of John . Notable people with the surname include :'}]}, {'value': '28,660', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24,787', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'patronymic', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'son of Jon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jon', 'summary': 'Jon is a shortened form of the common given name of Jonathan , derived from YHWH has given , and an alternate spelling of John , derived from YHWH has pardoned . In 2008 , Jon was the 527th most popular name in the United States ; its popularity has declined steadily ( sometimes increasing , but not substantially ) since its peak in 1969 as number 65 . It is a name of the Basque Country and Scandinavia , and as Jón in Iceland and on the Faroe Islands . In the Nordic countries it is derived from Johannes .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Denmark', 'section_text': "The most common Danish family name surnames are patronymic and end in -sen ; for example Rasmussen , originally meaning `` son of Rasmus '' ( Rasmus ' son ) . Descendants of Danish or Norwegian immigrants to the United States frequently have similar names ending in the suffix `` -sen '' or have changed the spelling to `` -son '' . Approximately one-third of the Danish population bear one of the ten most common surnames . More than two-thirds have a patronym ending in -sen in their full name . Many of these patronymics are , however , very rare , local or testimony of unusual descent , e.g . Heilesen from Northern Jutland , Holdensen and Boldsen from the former Duchy of Schleswig or Common etymological classes of surnames are occupational ( e.g. , Møller - miller , Schmidt - smith , and Fisker - fisher , for example names taken after a village or farmstead inhabited by ancestors . Other higher class people took heritable surnames during the following centuries , clergy often Latinized names ( e.g . Pontoppidan made from Broby ) and artisans often Germanized names . Naming acts applying to all citizens were issued 1771 ( for the Duchy of Schleswig only ) and in 1828 . The rural population only reluctantly gave up the traditional primary patronyms . Several naming acts replaced the first ; in 1856 , 1904 , 1961 , 1981 , 2005 . The result of the first act was that most people took a patronymic surname as their heritable family name , with the overwhelming dominance of a few surnames as a consequence . Later acts have attempted to motivate people to change to surnames that would allow safer identification of individuals . In the table , the top surnames in Denmark are listed as of 1971 [ 2 ] and 2012 . [ 3 ] The general tendency over the past century has been to give up the commonest names and adopt less frequently-used ones .", 'uid': 'Scandinavian_family_name_etymology_0', 'intro': "Heritable family names were generally adopted rather late within Scandinavia. Nobility were the first to take names that would be passed on from one generation to the next. Later, clergy, artisans and merchants in cities took heritable names. Family names (surnames) were still used together with primary patronyms (father's name plus an affix denoting relationship), which were used by all social classes. This meant that most families until modern times did not have surnames. Scandinavian patronyms were generally derived from the father's given name with the addition of a suffix meaning 'son' or 'daughter' or by occupation like Møller - ( Miller ) naming tradition remained commonly used throughout the Scandinavian countries during the time of surname formation. Forms of the patronymic suffixes include: -son, -sen, -fen, -søn, -ler, -zen, -zon/zoon, and -ssøn ."}
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What is the Anglicized verson of the last name possessed by 113,207 in 2012 ?
Sorensen or Sorenson
049ee6e7855f08e5
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_the_Lok_Sabha', 'title': 'List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha', 'header': ['Constituency No', 'Constituency', 'Reserved for ( SC/ST/None )'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adilabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adilabad_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Adilabad Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 17 Lok Sabha ( Lower house of the Parliament ) constituencies in the state of Telangana , India . This constituency is reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled Tribes .'}]}, {'value': 'ST', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Peddapalle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peddapalle_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Peddapalli Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 17 Lok Sabha ( Lower House of the Parliament ) constituencies in Telangana state in southern India . This constituency is reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled castes'}]}, {'value': 'SC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karimnagar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karimnagar_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Karimnagar Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 17 Lok Sabha ( Lower House of the Parliament ) constituencies in Telangana state in southern India . Bandi Sanjay Kumar of Bharatiya Janata Party is currently representing the constituency .'}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nizamabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nizamabad_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Nizamabad Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 17 Lok Sabha ( Lower House of the Parliament ) constituencies in Telangana state in southern India . Dharmapuri Arvind of Bharatiya Janata Party is currently representing the constituency .'}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zahirabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zahirabad_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Zahirabad Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 17 Lok Sabha ( Lower House of the Parliament ) constituencies in Telangana state in southern India . B . B. Patil of Telangana Rashtra Samithi is currently representing the constituency for the first time .'}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Medak', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Medak_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Medak Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 17 Lok Sabha ( Lower House of the Parliament ) constituencies in Telangana state in southern India . Kotha Prabhakar Reddy of Telangana Rashtra Samithi is representing the constituency for the first time .'}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Malkajgiri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malkajgiri_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Malkajgiri Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 17 Lok Sabha ( lower house of the Indian Parliament ) constituencies in the South Indian state of Telangana . This constituency came into existence in 2008 , following the implementation of delimitation of parliamentary constituencies based on the recommendations of the Delimitation Commission of India constituted in 2002 . As of 2014 , Malkajgiri is the largest Lok Sabha constituency by number of electors with 3,183,325 . It first held elections in 2009 as a constituency of the South Indian state of Andhra Pradesh and its first member of parliament ( MP ) was Sarvey Sathyanarayana of the Indian National Congress . The new state of Telangana was created in 2014 by the implementation of the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act , 2014 and this constituency became part of it . From 2014-2019 , its MP was Malla Reddy who represented the Telugu Desam Party at the election . In 2016 , Malla Reddy switched parties to represent the Telangana Rashtra Samithi . The current MP of Malkajgiri is Revanth Reddy who represents the Indian National Congress .'}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Secunderabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Secunderabad_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Secunderabad Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 17 Lok Sabha ( Lower House of the Parliament ) constituencies in Telangana state in southern India .'}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hyderabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hyderabad_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': "Hyderabad Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 17 Lok Sabha ( Lower House of the Parliament ) constituencies in Telangana state in southern India . Delimitation of Hyderabad Lok Sabha Constituency took place in 2008 . 65 percent are minorities ( Muslims chiefly ) in Hyderabad constituency . Apart from Hyderabad constituency , there are four other Lok Sabha constituencies in and around capital city of Hyderabad -Malkajgiri , Secunderabad , Chevella and Medak . BJP 's Venkaiah Naidu had once contested in Hyderabad constituency in 1996 , but he lost to Sultan Salahuddin Owaisi by 73,273 votes ."}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chevella', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chevella_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Chelvella Lok Sabha constituency or Chelvella is one of the 17 Lok Sabha ( Lower House of the Parliament ) constituencies in Telangana state in southern India . Dr. G. Ranjith Reddy of Telangana Rashtra Samithi is currently representing the constituency for the first time .'}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mahbubnagar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mahbubnagar_(Lok_Sabha_Constituency)', 'summary': 'Mahbubnagar Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 17 Lok Sabha ( Lower House of the Parliament ) constituencies in Telangana state in southern India . It comprises seven Vidhan Sabha constituencies , none of which are reserved for the marginalised sections of the society . Manne Srinivas Reddy of the TRS was elected MP in the 2019 election'}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nagarkurnool', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nagarkurnool_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Nagarkurnool Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 17 Lok Sabha ( Lower House of the Parliament ) constituencies in Telangana state in southern India . This constituency is reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled castes Pothuganti Ramulu of Telangana Rashtra Samithi is currently representing the constituency .'}]}, {'value': 'SC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nalgonda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nalgonda_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Nalgonda Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 17 Lok Sabha ( Lower House of the Parliament ) constituencies in Telangana state in southern India . Nalamada Uttam Kumar Reddy of INC is the current MP .'}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bhongir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bhongir_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Bhuvanagiri Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 17 Lok Sabha constituencies in Telangana state in southern India . Komatireddy Venkat Reddy of Indian National Congress is currently representing the constituency for the third time .'}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Warangal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Warangal_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Warangal Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 17 Lok Sabha ( Lower House of the Parliament ) constituencies in Telangana state in southern India . This constituency is reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled castes Pasunoori Dayakar of Telangana Rashtra Samithi is currently representing the constituency for the first time .'}]}, {'value': 'SC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mahabubabad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mahabubabad_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Mahabubabad Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 17 Lok Sabha ( Lower House of the Parliament ) constituencies in Telangana state in southern India . This constituency is reserved for the candidates belonging to the Scheduled tribes [ [ Kavitha maloth|of Telangana Rashtra Samithi is currently representing the constituency for the first time'}]}, {'value': 'ST', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Khammam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Khammam_(Lok_Sabha_constituency)', 'summary': 'Khammam Lok Sabha constituency is one of the 17 Lok Sabha ( Lower House of the Parliament ) constituencies in Telangana state in southern India . Nama Nageswara Rao of Telangana Rashtra Samithi is currently representing the constituency for the first time .'}]}, {'value': 'None', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Telangana ( 17 )', 'section_text': 'Constituencies of Telangana', 'uid': 'List_of_Constituencies_of_the_Lok_Sabha_24', 'intro': 'The Lok Sabha, the lower house of the Parliament of India, is made up of Members of Parliament (MPs). Each MP, represents a single geographic constituency. There are currently 543 constituencies. The maximum size of the Lok Sabha as outlined in the Constitution of India is 550 members made up of up to 530 members representing people of the states of India and up to 20 members representing people from the Union Territories on the basis of their population.'}
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For the constituency that is being held by Nama Nageswara Rao , What is the constituency is reserved for ?
None
049eebeff133978f
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_World_Sports_Acrobatics_Championships', 'title': '2002 World Sports Acrobatics Championships', 'header': ['Rank', 'Team', 'Country', 'Point'], 'data': [{'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Evengenia Kasjanova , Ekaterina Vinogradova , Gouzel Khassanova', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '18.040', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jing Lu , Xiao Hui Xan , Jun Lian Hu', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': '18.180', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Viktoria Zherdyeva , Irina Buga , Sofia Mezentseva', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ukraine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ukraine', 'summary': "Ukraine ( Ukrainian : Україна , romanized : Ukrayina , pronounced [ ʊkrɐˈjinɐ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Eastern Europe . It is bordered by Russia to the north-east ; Belarus to the north ; Poland , Slovakia and Hungary to the west ; and Romania , Moldova , and the Black Sea to the south . Ukraine is currently in a territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula , which Russia annexed in 2014 . Including Crimea , Ukraine has an area of 603,628 km2 ( 233,062 sq mi ) , making it both the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world . Excluding Crimea , Ukraine has a population of about 42 million , making it the 32nd most populous country in the world . Its capital and largest city is Kiev . Ukrainian is the official language and its alphabet is Cyrillic . The dominant religion in the country is Eastern Orthodoxy . The territory of modern Ukraine has been inhabited since 32,000 BC . During the Middle Ages , the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture , with the powerful state of Kievan Rus ' forming the basis of Ukrainian identity . Following its fragmentation in the 13th century , the territory was contested , ruled and divided by a variety of powers , including the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , Austria-Hungary , the Ottoman Empire and Russia . A Cossack republic emerged and prospered during the 17th and 18th centuries , but its territory was eventually split between Poland and the Russian Empire ."}]}, {'value': '17.830', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elena Armenis , Tara Busbridge , Veronica Gravolin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australia', 'summary': "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ."}]}, {'value': '17.240', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Viktoria Arabei , Zinaida Sazonava Katarina katsuba', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belarus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belarus', 'summary': "Belarus ( /bɛləˈruːs/ ; Belarusian : Беларусь , IPA : [ bʲɛlaˈrusʲ ] ) , officially the Republic of Belarus ( Belarusian : Рэспубліка Беларусь , Russian : Республика Беларусь ) , formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia ( Russian : Белоруссия ) , is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast , Ukraine to the south , Poland to the west , and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest . Its capital and most populous city is Minsk . Over 40% of its 207,600 square kilometres ( 80,200 sq mi ) is forested . Its major economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing . Until the 20th century , different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus , including the Principality of Polotsk ( 11th to 14th centuries ) , the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , and the Russian Empire . In the aftermath of the 1917 Russian Revolution , Belarus declared independence as the Belarusian People 's Republic , which was conquered by Soviet Russia . The Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia became a founding constituent republic of the Soviet Union in 1922 and was renamed as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic ( Byelorussian SSR ) . Belarus lost almost half of its territory to Poland after the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1921 . Much of the borders of Belarus took their modern shape in 1939 , when some lands of the Second Polish Republic were reintegrated into it after the Soviet invasion of Poland , and were finalized after World War II . During WWII , military operations devastated Belarus , which lost about a quarter of its population and half of its economic resources . The republic was redeveloped in the post-war years . In 1945 the Byelorussian SSR became a founding member of the United Nations , along with the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR ."}]}, {'value': '17.190', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'katie Lawton , Lauren belchamber', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '16.590', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Katarzyna Majawska , Anna Godek , Joanna Pokwapisz', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Poland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Poland', 'summary': "Poland ( Polish : Polska [ ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Poland ( Polish : Rzeczpospolita Polska [ c ] [ ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , is a country located in Central Europe . It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres ( 120,733 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With a population of nearly 38.5 million people , Poland is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union . Poland 's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw . Other major cities include Kraków , Łódź , Wrocław , Poznań , Gdańsk , and Szczecin . Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea , Lithuania , and Russia 's Kaliningrad Oblast to the north , Belarus and Ukraine to the east , Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south , and Germany to the west . The history of human activity on Polish soil spans almost 500,000 years . Throughout the Iron Age the area became extensively diverse , with various cultures and tribes settling on the vast Central European Plain . However , it was the Western Polans who dominated the region and gave Poland its name . The establishment of Polish statehood can be traced to AD 966 , when Mieszko I , ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland , converted to Christianity . The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025 , and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin . This union formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , one of the largest ( over 1,000,000 square kilometres - 400,000 square miles ) and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe , with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe 's first written national constitution , the Constitution of 3 May 1791 ."}]}, {'value': '15.650', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tina Liebau , Tina Redelstorff , Sophie Schwassmann', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': '5.900', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': "Results -- Women 's Group", 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2002_World_Sports_Acrobatics_Championships_3', 'intro': '18th World Sports Acrobatics Championships were held in Riesa, Germany from September 27 to September 29, 2002, at the Erdgas Arena.'}
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How many points were earned by the team from the country that is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy ?
16.590
04a09b508bc695d3
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_raw_fish_dishes', 'title': 'List of raw fish dishes', 'header': ['Name', 'Origin', 'Description'], 'data': [{'value': 'Carpaccio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carpaccio', 'summary': "Carpaccio ( UK : /kɑːrˈpætʃ ( i ) oʊ/ , US : /-ˈpɑːtʃ-/ , Italian : [ karˈpattʃo ] ) is a dish of meat or fish ( such as beef , veal , venison , salmon or tuna ) , thinly sliced or pounded thin , and served raw , typically as an appetizer . It was invented in 1950 by Giuseppe Cipriani from Harry 's Bar in Venice and popularised during the second half of the twentieth century . The beef was served with lemon , olive oil , and white truffle or Parmesan cheese . Later , the term was extended to dishes containing other raw meats or fish , thinly sliced and served with lemon or vinegar , olive oil , salt and ground pepper ."}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Very thin slices of marinated swordfish , tuna , or other large fish ( a variant of the more common beef carpaccio )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swordfish', 'summary': 'Swordfish ( Xiphias gladius ) , also known as broadbills in some countries , are large , highly migratory , predatory fish characterized by a long , flat , pointed bill . They are a popular sport fish of the billfish category , though elusive . Swordfish are elongated , round-bodied , and lose all teeth and scales by adulthood . These fish are found widely in tropical and temperate parts of the Atlantic , Pacific , and Indian Oceans , and can typically be found from near the surface to a depth of 550 m ( 1,800 ft ) . They commonly reach 3 m ( 9.8 ft ) in length , and the maximum reported is 4.55 m ( 14.9 ft ) in length and 650 kg ( 1,430 lb ) in weight . They are the sole member of their family , Xiphiidae .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tuna', 'summary': 'A tuna ( also called tunny ) is a saltwater fish that belongs to the tribe Thunnini , a subgrouping of the Scombridae ( mackerel ) family . The Thunnini comprise 15 species across five genera , the sizes of which vary greatly , ranging from the bullet tuna ( max . length : 50 cm ( 1.6 ft ) , weight : 1.8 kg ( 4 lb ) ) up to the Atlantic bluefin tuna ( max . length : 4.6 m ( 15 ft ) , weight : 684 kg ( 1,508 lb ) ) . The bluefin averages 2 m ( 6.6 ft ) , and is believed to live up to 50 years . Tuna , opah , and mackerel sharks are the only species of fish that can maintain a body temperature higher than that of the surrounding water . An active and agile predator , the tuna has a sleek , streamlined body , and is among the fastest-swimming pelagic fish - the yellowfin tuna , for example , is capable of speeds of up to 75 km/h ( 47 mph ) . Found in warm seas , it is extensively fished commercially , and is popular as a game fish . As a result of overfishing , some tuna species , such as the southern bluefin tuna , are threatened with extinction .'}]}, {'value': 'Ceviche', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ceviche', 'summary': 'Ceviche , also cebiche , seviche , or sebiche , ( Spanish pronunciation : [ seˈβitʃe ] ) is a seafood dish that originated in Peru , typically made from fresh raw fish cured in citrus juices , such as lemon or lime , and spiced with ají , chili peppers or other seasonings including chopped onions , salt , and coriander . Because the dish is not cooked with heat , it must be prepared and consumed fresh to minimize the risk of food poisoning . Ceviche is usually accompanied by side dishes that complement its flavours , such as sweet potato , lettuce , corn , avocado , or cooking banana . The dish is popular in the Pacific coastal regions of Latin America . Though the origin of ceviche is hotly debated , in Peru it is considered a national dish . Though archeological records suggest that something resembling ceviche may have been consumed in Peru nearly two thousand years ago , the dominant position Lima held through four centuries as the capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru allowed for popular dishes such as ceviche to be brought to other Spanish colonies in the region , and in time they became a part of local cuisine by incorporating regional flavors and styles . Ceviche is now a popular international dish prepared in a variety of ways throughout the Americas , reaching the United States in the 1980s . The greatest variety of ceviches are found in Ecuador , Colombia , Chile , and Peru , but other distinctly unique styles can also be found in coastal Honduras , El Salvador , Belize , Guatemala , the United States , Mexico , Panama , and several other nations .'}]}, {'value': 'Peru', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marinated raw fish dish', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Crudo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Crudo', 'summary': 'In Italian , crudo [ ˈkruːdo ] means raw . In Italian cuisine , this word can be used with a lot of food : pesce crudo means raw fish , and carne cruda means raw meat , similar to steak tartare .'}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Raw fish dressed with olive oil , sea salt , and citrus', 'urls': []}, {'value': "E'ia Ota", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tahiti', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Raw tuna in lime and coconut milk', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Esqueixada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Esqueixada', 'summary': 'Esqueixada ( Catalan pronunciation : [ əskəˈʃaðə ] ) is a traditional Catalan dish , a salad of shredded salt cod , tomatoes , onions , olive oil and vinegar , salt , and sometimes a garnish of olives or hard-boiled eggs . Specific recipes vary , with some including ingredients such as red or green bell peppers . Esqueixada is particularly popular in warm weather and is sometimes considered a summertime dish . Esqueixada is sometimes described as the Catalan ceviche because it is made with raw fish ( although the cod is salt-cured and dried ) in a marinade . The name of the dish comes from the Catalan verb esqueixar , to tear or shred . The salt cod in the dish is always shredded with the fingers , never sliced or chopped , to achieve the correct texture .'}]}, {'value': 'Catalan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Salad based on raw cod , tomato and black olives', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gravlax', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gravlax', 'summary': "Gravlax or grav ( ad ) laks is a Nordic dish consisting of salmon that is cured using salt , sugar , and dill . Gravlax is usually served as an appetizer , sliced thinly and accompanied by hovmästarsås ( literally maitre d'hôtel sauce , also known in Sweden as gravlaxsås , in Norway as sennepssaus , literally mustard sauce , and in Denmark as rævesovs , literally fox sauce ) , a dill and mustard sauce , either on bread or with boiled potatoes ."}]}, {'value': 'Nordic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nordic_countries', 'summary': "The Nordic countries , or the Nordics , are a geographical and cultural region in Northern Europe and the North Atlantic , where they are most commonly known as Norden ( literally the North ) . The term includes Denmark , Finland , Iceland , Norway and Sweden as well as Greenland and the Faroe Islands - which are both part of the Kingdom of Denmark - and the Åland Islands and Svalbard archipelagos that belong to Finland and Norway , respectively . The Norwegian Antarctic territories are often not considered a part of the Nordic countries due to their geographical location . Several regions in Europe such as the Northern Isles of Scotland share cultural or ethnic ties with Nordic nations , but are not considered to be Nordic countries . Scandinavians , who comprise over three quarters of the region 's population , are the largest group , followed by Finns , who comprise the majority in Finland ; other ethnic groups are the Greenlandic Inuit , the Sami people , and recent immigrants and their descendants . The native languages Swedish , Danish , Norwegian , Icelandic , and Faroese are all North Germanic languages rooted in Old Norse . Native non-Germanic languages are Finnish , Greenlandic and several Sami languages . The main religion is Lutheran Christianity . The Nordic countries have much in common in their way of life , history , religion and social structure . The Nordic countries have a long history of political unions and other close relations , but do not form a singular entity today . The Scandinavist movement sought to unite Denmark , Norway and Sweden into one country in the 19th century . With the independence of Finland in the early 20th century , and Iceland in the mid 20th century , this movement expanded into the modern organised Nordic cooperation which includes the Nordic Council and the Nordic Council of Ministers ."}]}, {'value': 'Raw salmon , lightly cured in salt , sugar , and dill . Usually served as an appetizer , sliced thinly and accompanied by a dill and mustard sauce with bread or boiled potatoes . Made by fishermen in the Middle Ages , who salted salmon and lightly fermented it by burying it in the sand above the high-tide line . Today it is no longer fermented . Instead the salmon is buried in a dry marinade of salt , sugar , and dill , and cured for a few days . As the salmon cures , by the action of osmosis , the moisture turns the dry cure into a highly concentrated brine , which can be used as part of a sauce', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salmon', 'summary': 'Salmon /ˈsæmən/ is the common name for several species of ray-finned fish in the family Salmonidae . Other fish in the same family include trout , char , grayling and whitefish . Salmon are native to tributaries of the North Atlantic ( genus Salmo ) and Pacific Ocean ( genus Oncorhynchus ) . Many species of salmon have been introduced into non-native environments such as the Great Lakes of North America and Patagonia in South America . Salmon are intensively farmed in many parts of the world . Typically , salmon are anadromous : they hatch in fresh water , migrate to the ocean , then return to fresh water to reproduce . However , populations of several species are restricted to fresh water through their lives . Folklore has it that the fish return to the exact spot where they hatched to spawn . Tracking studies have shown this to be mostly true . A portion of a returning salmon run may stray and spawn in different freshwater systems ; the percent of straying depends on the species of salmon . Homing behavior has been shown to depend on olfactory memory . Salmon date back to the Neogene .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Dill', 'summary': 'Dill ( Anethum graveolens ) is an annual herb in the celery family Apiaceae . It is the only species in the genus Anethum . Dill is grown widely in Eurasia where its leaves and seeds are used as a herb or spice for flavouring food .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Appetizer', 'summary': "An hors d'oeuvre ( /ɔːr ˈdɜːrv ( rə ) / or DURV ( -rə ) ; French : hors-d'œuvre [ ɔʁ dœvʁ ] ( listen ) ) , appetizer or starter is a small dish served before a meal in European cuisine . Some hors d'oeuvres are served cold , others hot . Hors d'oeuvres may be served at the dinner table as a part of the meal , or they may be served before seating , such as at a reception or cocktail party . Formerly , hors d'oeuvres were also served between courses . Typically smaller than a main dish , an hors d'oeuvre is often designed to be eaten by hand ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Middle_Ages', 'summary': "In the history of Europe , the Middle Ages ( or medieval period ) lasted from the 5th to the 15th century . It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery . The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history : classical antiquity , the medieval period , and the modern period . The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early , High , and Late Middle Ages . Population decline , counterurbanisation , collapse of centralized authority , invasions , and mass migrations of tribes , which had begun in Late Antiquity , continued in the Early Middle Ages . The large-scale movements of the Migration Period , including various Germanic peoples , formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire . In the 7th century , North Africa and the Middle East - once part of the Byzantine Empire - came under the rule of the Umayyad Caliphate , an Islamic empire , after conquest by Muhammad 's successors . Although there were substantial changes in society and political structures , the break with classical antiquity was not complete . The still-sizeable Byzantine Empire , Rome 's direct continuation , survived in the Eastern Mediterranean and remained a major power . The empire 's law code , the Corpus Juris Civilis or Code of Justinian , was rediscovered in Northern Italy in 1070 and became widely admired later in the Middle Ages . In the West , most kingdoms incorporated the few extant Roman institutions . Monasteries were founded as campaigns to Christianise pagan Europe continued ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Osmosis', 'summary': 'Osmosis ( /ɒzˈmoʊ.sɪs/ ) is the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a selectively permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration , in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides . It may also be used to describe a physical process in which any solvent moves across a selectively permeable membrane ( permeable to the solvent , but not the solute ) separating two solutions of different concentrations . Osmosis can be made to do work . Osmotic pressure is defined as the external pressure required to be applied so that there is no net movement of solvent across the membrane . Osmotic pressure is a colligative property , meaning that the osmotic pressure depends on the molar concentration of the solute but not on its identity . Osmosis is a vital process in biological systems , as biological membranes are semipermeable . In general , these membranes are impermeable to large and polar molecules , such as ions , proteins , and polysaccharides , while being permeable to non-polar or hydrophobic molecules like lipids as well as to small molecules like oxygen , carbon dioxide , nitrogen , and nitric oxide . Permeability depends on solubility , charge , or chemistry , as well as solute size . Water molecules travel through the plasma membrane , tonoplast membrane ( vacuole ) or protoplast by diffusing across the phospholipid bilayer via aquaporins ( small transmembrane proteins similar to those responsible for facilitated diffusion and ion channels ) . Osmosis provides the primary means by which water is transported into and out of cells . The turgor pressure of a cell is largely maintained by osmosis across the cell membrane between the cell interior and its relatively hypotonic environment .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Brine', 'summary': "Brine is a high-concentration solution of salt in water . In different contexts , brine may refer to salt solutions ranging from about 3.5% ( a typical concentration of seawater , on the lower end of solutions used for brining foods ) up to about 26% ( a typical saturated solution , depending on temperature ) . Lower levels of concentration are called by different names : fresh water , brackish water , and saline water . Brine naturally occurs on the Earth 's surface ( salt lakes ) , crust , and within brine pools on ocean bottom . High-concentration brine lakes typically emerge due to evaporation of ground saline water on high ambient temperatures . Brine is used for food processing and cooking ( pickling and brining ) , for de-icing of roads and other structures , and in a number of technological processes . It is also a by-product of many industrial processes , such as desalination , and may pose an environmental risk due to its corrosive and toxic effects , so it requires wastewater treatment for proper disposal or further utilization ( fresh water recovery ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Gohu Ikan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maluku , Indonesia', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Gohu Ikan could be made with tuna , skipjack , or grouper . The fish is cut into small pieces . To remove the fishy smell , the fish meat is washed repeatedly until there 's no more blood left . After cleaning thoroughly , the fish meat is marinated with salt and citrus juice . The red fish meat will become a bit white . It is then mixed and stirred with sliced onion , rica ( a spicy chili ) , and basil leaves.It has a sour flavor , spicy , with a strong aroma of basil . Roasted and coarsely grounded canary seeds can be used as a flavor enhancer", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tuna', 'summary': 'A tuna ( also called tunny ) is a saltwater fish that belongs to the tribe Thunnini , a subgrouping of the Scombridae ( mackerel ) family . The Thunnini comprise 15 species across five genera , the sizes of which vary greatly , ranging from the bullet tuna ( max . length : 50 cm ( 1.6 ft ) , weight : 1.8 kg ( 4 lb ) ) up to the Atlantic bluefin tuna ( max . length : 4.6 m ( 15 ft ) , weight : 684 kg ( 1,508 lb ) ) . The bluefin averages 2 m ( 6.6 ft ) , and is believed to live up to 50 years . Tuna , opah , and mackerel sharks are the only species of fish that can maintain a body temperature higher than that of the surrounding water . An active and agile predator , the tuna has a sleek , streamlined body , and is among the fastest-swimming pelagic fish - the yellowfin tuna , for example , is capable of speeds of up to 75 km/h ( 47 mph ) . Found in warm seas , it is extensively fished commercially , and is popular as a game fish . As a result of overfishing , some tuna species , such as the southern bluefin tuna , are threatened with extinction .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Skipjack_tuna', 'summary': 'The skipjack tuna ( Katsuwonus pelamis ) is a medium-sized perciform fish in the tuna family , Scombridae . It is otherwise known as the balaya , tongkol , arctic bonito , mushmouth , oceanic bonito , striped tuna , or victor fish . It grows up to 1 m ( 3 ft ) in length . It is a cosmopolitan pelagic fish found in tropical and warm-temperate waters . It is a very important species for fisheries .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Grouper', 'summary': "Groupers are fish of any of a number of genera in the subfamily Epinephelinae of the family Serranidae , in the order Perciformes . Not all serranids are called 'groupers ' ; the family also includes the sea basses . The common name 'grouper ' is usually given to fish in one of two large genera : Epinephelus and Mycteroperca . In addition , the species classified in the small genera Anyperidon , Cromileptes , Dermatolepis , Gracila , Saloptia , and Triso are also called 'groupers ' . Fish in the genus Plectropomus are referred to as 'coralgroupers ' . These genera are all classified in the subfamily Epiphelinae . However , some of the hamlets ( genus Alphestes ) , the hinds ( genus Cephalopholis ) , the lyretails ( genus Variola ) and some other small genera ( Gonioplectrus , Niphon , Paranthias ) are also in this subfamily , and occasional species in other serranid genera have common names involving the word grouper . Nonetheless , the word grouper on its own is usually taken as meaning the subfamily Epinephelinae ."}]}, {'value': 'Hinava', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hinava', 'summary': "Hinava is a traditional native dish of the Kadazan-Dusun people in the state of Sabah . It is made from fish and mixed with lime juice , bird 's eye chili , sliced shallots and grated ginger . While the Kadazan are famous with their Hinava tongii ."}]}, {'value': 'Malaysia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A traditional Kadazan-Dusun dish from Sabah . Raw fish ( typically firm fleshed white fish ) marinated with citrus juice ( usually calamansi lime ) , sliced shallots , julienned ginger and grated dried seed of the bambangan fruit , a species of wild mango found in Borneo . Optional additions include sliced chilli and bitter gourd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kadazan_people', 'summary': 'The Kadazans are an ethnic group indigenous to the state of Sabah in Malaysia . They are found mainly in Penampang on the west coast of Sabah , the surrounding locales , and various locations in the interior . As a result of integration in culture and language , as well as for political initiatives , the new term Kadazan-Dusun was created to combine them . Together , they are the largest ethnic group in Sabah . Kadazan-Dusun has been recognized as an indigenous nation of Borneo with documented heritage by the United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO ) since 2004 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sabah', 'summary': "Sabah ( Malay pronunciation : [ saˈbah ] ) is a state of Malaysia located on the northern portion of Borneo . Sabah has land borders with the Malaysian state of Sarawak to the southwest and Indonesia 's Kalimantan region to the south . The Federal Territory of Labuan is an island just off the Sabah coast . Sabah shares maritime borders with Vietnam to the west and the Philippines to the north and east . Kota Kinabalu is the state capital city , the economic centre of the state and the seat of the Sabah state government . Other major towns in Sabah include Sandakan and Tawau . As of the 2015 census in Malaysia , the state 's population is 3,543,500 . Sabah has an equatorial climate with tropical rainforests and abundant animal and plant species . The state has long mountain ranges on the west side which form part of the Crocker Range National Park . Kinabatangan River , second longest river in Malaysia runs through Sabah and Mount Kinabalu is the highest point of Sabah as well as of Malaysia . The earliest human settlement in Sabah can be traced back to 20,000-30,000 years ago along the Darvel Bay area at the Madai-Baturong caves . The state had a trading relationship with China from the 14th century AD ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mangifera_pajang', 'summary': 'Mangifera pajang is a species of plant in the family Anacardiaceae . It is found only in Borneo , which comprises the Brunei sultanate , Kalimantan province of Indonesia , and the Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak . The fruit is known in Borneo with its native name , Bambangan .'}]}, {'value': 'Hoe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hoe_(dish)', 'summary': 'Hoe ( 회 ; 膾/鱠 ) refers to several varieties of raw food dishes in Korean cuisine . There is record of it being consumed since the Three Kingdoms of Korea ( 57 BC - 668 AD ) , and has been a major Korean dish ever since .'}]}, {'value': 'Korea', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Raw seafood slices typically served with either soy-sauce or hot pepper paste based dipping sauce', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kelaguen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelaguen', 'summary': "Kelaguen is a Chamorro dish from the Mariana Islands eaten as a side dish or as a main course . Similar to ceviche , a pickling marinade of lemon juice , fresh coconut , green onions , salt and spicy hot peppers or donni ' is used to marinate cooked chicken , raw shrimp , fish or beef meat/liver . With the exception of the cooked chicken , the acids in the marinade cook the raw shrimp , fish or beef instead of heat . It is served cold or at room temperature and eaten as is , over rice , or wrapped in a warm corn or flour tortilla ( or the Chamorro version , titiyas ) . Kelaguen is derived from the Filipino kilawin . It was introduced by Filipino settlers when the Marianas and the Philippines were both part of the Spanish East Indies . Kelaguen , however , has diverged in that it also incorporates influences from Latin American ceviche ."}]}, {'value': 'Mariana Islands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mariana_Islands', 'summary': "The Mariana Islands ( /ˌmæriˈɑːnə/ ; also the Marianas ; in Chamorro : Manislan Mariånas ) are a crescent-shaped archipelago comprising the summits of fifteen mostly dormant volcanic mountains in the western North Pacific Ocean , between the 12th and 21st parallels north and along the 145th meridian east . They lie south-southeast of Japan , west-southwest of Hawaii , north of New Guinea and east of the Philippines , demarcating the Philippine Sea 's eastern limit . They are found in the northern part of the western Oceanic sub-region of Micronesia , and are politically divided into two jurisdictions of the United States : the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and , at the southern end of the chain , the territory of Guam . The islands were named after the influential Spanish queen Mariana of Austria following their colonization in the 17th century . Spanish navigators , beginning with Magellan in the early 16th century , were the first Europeans to arrive ; eventually Spain annexed and colonized the archipelago , establishing their capital on the largest island , Guam . The Marianas were the first islands Magellan encountered after traversing the Pacific from the southern tip of South America , and the fruits found there helped save the survivors from scurvy , which had already killed dozens of crewmembers . The indigenous inhabitants are the Chamorro people . Archaeologists in 2013 reported findings which indicated that the people who first settled the Marianas arrived there after making what may have been at the time the longest uninterrupted ocean voyage in human history . They further reported findings which suggested that Tinian is likely to have been the first island in Oceania to have been settled by humans ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kilawin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kilawin', 'summary': "Kinilaw , Kilawin ( literally eaten raw ) , or 'Philippine Ceviche ' ( Spanish : Ceviche Filipino ) , is a raw seafood dish native to the Philippines , similar to ceviche . It is more accurately a cooking process that relies on vinegar and/or acidic fruit juices to denature the ingredients , rather than a dish , as it can also be used to prepare meat and vegetables . Meat-based kinilaw ( usually known as kilawin ) are more common in the northern Philippines and use blanched and lightly grilled meat ( not raw ) . Kinilaw dishes are usually eaten as appetizers before a meal , or as finger food ( pulutan ) with alcoholic drinks ."}]}, {'value': 'Philippines', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marinated raw fish similar to ceviche . It is generally marinated in a local vinegar ( e.g . coconut , cane , or palm vinegar ) and/or local citrus such as kalamansi or sometimes lime . Some regions add a little coconut milk to the marinade', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ceviche', 'summary': 'Ceviche , also cebiche , seviche , or sebiche , ( Spanish pronunciation : [ seˈβitʃe ] ) is a seafood dish that originated in Peru , typically made from fresh raw fish cured in citrus juices , such as lemon or lime , and spiced with ají , chili peppers or other seasonings including chopped onions , salt , and coriander . Because the dish is not cooked with heat , it must be prepared and consumed fresh to minimize the risk of food poisoning . Ceviche is usually accompanied by side dishes that complement its flavours , such as sweet potato , lettuce , corn , avocado , or cooking banana . The dish is popular in the Pacific coastal regions of Latin America . Though the origin of ceviche is hotly debated , in Peru it is considered a national dish . Though archeological records suggest that something resembling ceviche may have been consumed in Peru nearly two thousand years ago , the dominant position Lima held through four centuries as the capital of the Viceroyalty of Peru allowed for popular dishes such as ceviche to be brought to other Spanish colonies in the region , and in time they became a part of local cuisine by incorporating regional flavors and styles . Ceviche is now a popular international dish prepared in a variety of ways throughout the Americas , reaching the United States in the 1980s . The greatest variety of ceviches are found in Ecuador , Colombia , Chile , and Peru , but other distinctly unique styles can also be found in coastal Honduras , El Salvador , Belize , Guatemala , the United States , Mexico , Panama , and several other nations .'}]}, {'value': 'Koi pla', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Koi_pla', 'summary': 'Koi ( Lao : ກ້ອຍ ; Thai : ก้อย , Thai pronunciation : [ kɔ̂j ] ) is a salad dish of the Lao people living in modern-day Laos and Isan , Thailand , consisting of raw meat denatured by acidity , usually from lime juice . Common varieties include koi kung ( Thai : ก้อยกุ้ง ) , with shrimp as the main ingredient , and koi paa ( Lao : ກ້ອຍປາ ) /koi pla ( Thai : ก้อยปลา ) , which consists of minced or finely chopped raw fish in spicy salad dressing . Koi can be a source of parasitic diseases . Koi made with raw fish is a popular dish in Laos and Isaan and a common source of infection with the Southeast Asian liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini . Koi pla eaten in north-east Thailand is made from raw fish , live red ants , herbs and lime juice . Koi pla is eaten soon after it is prepared , without a long period of soaking in acid juice . It is believed to be a cause of cholangiocarcinoma via liver fluke transmission . Koi hoi is a dish containing raw snail meat that has been associated with human infection with parasitic flatworms or liver flukes that infect the snail . Liver fluke infection is the cause of bile duct cancer , the infection may also account for more than 50 percent of cancers diagnosed in men in this region , compared to just 10 percent globally . Liver infection is also caused by the rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis .'}]}, {'value': 'Thailand', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Minced or finely chopped raw fish in spicy salad . The most popular raw fish dish in Isan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isan', 'summary': "Isan ( Isan/Thai : อีสาน , pronounced [ ʔīː.sǎːn ] ( listen ) ; also written as Isaan , Isarn , Issarn , Issan , Esan , or Esarn ; from Pali īsāna or Sanskrit ईशान īśāna northeast ) consists of 20 provinces in the northeastern region of Thailand . Isan is Thailand 's largest region , located on the Khorat Plateau , bordered by the Mekong River ( along the border with Laos ) to the north and east , by Cambodia to the southeast and the Sankamphaeng Range south of Nakhon Ratchasima . To the west it is separated from northern and central Thailand by the Phetchabun Mountains ."}]}, {'value': 'Kokoda', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fiji', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Appetiser or side dish of any white fish . A common staple', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kuai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuai_(dish)', 'summary': 'Kuai was a Chinese dish consisting of finely cut strips of raw fish or meat , which was popular and commonly eaten in the early Chinese dynasties . According to the Book of Rites compiled between 202 BC and 220 AD , kuai consists of small thin slices or strips of raw meat , which are prepared by first thinly slicing the meat and then cutting the thin slices into strips . In modern times , the dishes are more often referred to as raw fish slices ( 生魚片 ; shēngyú piàn ) or as yusheng ( 魚生 ; yúshēng ) . The type of fish commonly used in ancient times included carp ( 鯉 ) and mandarin fish ( 鳜 ) , while in modern times salmon ( 鮭 ) is commonly used . Sauces were an essential part of kuai dishes , with scallions used for preparation of sauces in spring and mustard seed used for sauces in autumn . According to many classical texts , kuai served without sauces was deemed inedible and should be avoided .'}]}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Finely cut strips of raw fish or meat , which was popular and commonly eaten in the early history and dynastic times of China . According to the Book of Rites compiled between 202 BCE-220 CE , kuai consists of small thin slices or strips of raw meat , which are prepared by first thinly slicing the meat and then cutting the thin slices into strips . In modern times , the dishes are more often referred to as raw fish slices . Commonly used fish in ancient times include carp and mandarin fish , but salmon is also used in modern times . Sauces were an essential part of kuai dishes , with green onions used for preparation of sauces in spring and mustard seed used for sauces in autumn . According to many classical texts , kuai served without sauces was deemed inedible and should be avoided', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Book_of_Rites', 'summary': 'The Book of Rites , also known as the Liji , is a collection of texts describing the social forms , administration , and ceremonial rites of the Zhou dynasty as they were understood in the Warring States and the early Han periods . The Book of Rites , along with the Rites of Zhou ( Zhōulǐ ) and the Book of Etiquette and Rites ( Yílǐ ) , which are together known as the Three Li ( Sānlǐ ) , constitute the ritual ( lǐ ) section of the Five Classics which lay at the core of the traditional Confucian canon ( Each of the five classics is a group of works rather than a single text ) . As a core text of the Confucian canon , it is also known as the Classic of Rites or Lijing , which some scholars believe was the original title before it was changed by Dai Sheng .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Carp', 'summary': 'Carp are various species of oily freshwater fish from the family Cyprinidae , a very large group of fish native to Europe and Asia . They also can be found as invasive species in Africa , Australia and the Americas .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Siniperca_chuatsi', 'summary': 'Siniperca chuatsi , the mandarin fish or Chinese perch ( Chinese : 鱖魚 ) , is species of temperate perch native to the Amur and Yangtze basins , and other rivers and lakes in China . Its back is yellow , green , or brown , with many irregular black spots and patches . It has a big mouth and small round scales . This species can reach up to 70 cm ( 28 in ) in total length , and the greatest recorded weight is 10.2 kg ( 22 lb ) . It is an inhabitant of rivers , some of which can become quite turbid in the rainy season . It is a specialized feeder on other fishes , particularly those which see poorly in low light . Although it can live in near-freezing water , it only starts feeding when the temperature rises above 15 °C ( 59 °F ) and breeding when it rises above 21 °C ( 70 °F ) . The mandarin fish is a commercially important species , as it is a popular food fish and has been widely farmed in its native range since the 20th century . First gaining major popularity during the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 A.D. ) , it appears in many Chinese books and poems . The farmed fish are typically pure , but sometimes hybrids between this species and its close relative the golden mandarin fish ( S. scherzeri ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Salmon', 'summary': 'Salmon /ˈsæmən/ is the common name for several species of ray-finned fish in the family Salmonidae . Other fish in the same family include trout , char , grayling and whitefish . Salmon are native to tributaries of the North Atlantic ( genus Salmo ) and Pacific Ocean ( genus Oncorhynchus ) . Many species of salmon have been introduced into non-native environments such as the Great Lakes of North America and Patagonia in South America . Salmon are intensively farmed in many parts of the world . Typically , salmon are anadromous : they hatch in fresh water , migrate to the ocean , then return to fresh water to reproduce . However , populations of several species are restricted to fresh water through their lives . Folklore has it that the fish return to the exact spot where they hatched to spawn . Tracking studies have shown this to be mostly true . A portion of a returning salmon run may stray and spawn in different freshwater systems ; the percent of straying depends on the species of salmon . Homing behavior has been shown to depend on olfactory memory . Salmon date back to the Neogene .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Scallion', 'summary': 'Scallions ( also known as green onions , spring onions , or salad onions ) are vegetables of various Allium onion species . Scallions have a milder taste than most onions . Their close relatives include garlic , shallot , leek , chive , and Chinese onions . Although the bulbs of many Allium species are used as food , the defining characteristic of scallion species is that they lack a fully developed bulb . Allium species referred to as scallions have hollow , tubular green leaves growing directly from the bulb . These leaves are used as a vegetable ; they are eaten either raw or cooked . The leaves are often chopped into other dishes , in the manner of onions or garlic .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mustard_seed', 'summary': 'Mustard seeds are the small round seeds of various mustard plants . The seeds are usually about 1 to 2 millimetres ( 0.039 to 0.079 in ) in diameter and may be colored from yellowish white to black . They are an important spice in many regional foods and may come from one of three different plants : black mustard ( Brassica nigra ) , brown Indian mustard ( B. juncea ) , or white/yellow mustard ( B. hirta/Sinapis alba ) . Grinding and mixing the seeds with water , vinegar or other liquids creates the yellow condiment known as prepared mustard .'}]}, {'value': 'Lakerda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lakerda', 'summary': 'Lakerda is a pickled bonito dish eaten as a mezze in the Balkans and Middle East . Lakerda made from one-year-old bonito migrating through the Bosphorus is especially prized .'}]}, {'value': 'Turkey', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pickled bonito dish eaten as a mezze in the cuisines of the former Ottoman Empire . Lakerda made from one-year-old bonito migrating through the Bosphorus is especially prized', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlantic_bonito', 'summary': 'The Atlantic bonito ( Sarda sarda ) is a large mackerel-like fish of the family Scombridae . It is common in shallow waters of the Atlantic Ocean , the Mediterranean Sea , and the Black Sea , where it is an important commercial and game fish .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mezze', 'summary': 'Meze or mezze ( /ˈmɛzeɪ/ ) is a selection of small dishes served as appetizers in parts of the Middle East , the Balkans , Greece , and North Africa . In some Middle Eastern and African regions where it is present , especially predominantly Muslim regions where alcohol is less common , meze is often served as a part of multi-course meals , while in Greece , Turkey , and the Balkans , they function more as snacks while drinking or talking .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ottoman_cuisine', 'summary': 'Ottoman cuisine is the cuisine of the Ottoman Empire and its continuation in the cuisines of Turkey , Greece , the Balkans , and parts of the Caucasus and the Middle East .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bosphorus', 'summary': "The Bosporus ( /ˈbɒspərəs/ ) or Bosphorus ( /-pər- , -fər-/ ; Ancient Greek : Βόσπορος Bosporos [ bós.po.ros ] ; also known as the Strait of Istanbul ; Turkish : İstanbul Boğazı ) is a narrow , natural strait and an internationally significant waterway located in northwestern Turkey . It forms part of the continental boundary between Europe and Asia , and divides Turkey by separating Anatolia from Thrace . It is the world 's narrowest strait used for international navigation , the Bosporus connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara , and , by extension via the Dardanelles , the Aegean and Mediterranean seas . Most of the shores of the strait are heavily settled , straddled by the city of Istanbul 's metropolitan population of 17 million inhabitants extending inland from both coasts . Together with the Dardanelles , the Bosporus forms the Turkish Straits ."}]}, {'value': 'Lap pa Larb pla', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Larb', 'summary': 'Larb ( Lao : ລາບ ; Thai : ลาบ , RTGS : lap , pronounced [ lâːp ] , also spelled laap , larp , lahb or laab ) is a type of Lao meat salad that is regarded as the unofficial national dish of Laos . It is also eaten in the Isan region , an area of Thailand where the majority of the population is of the Lao ethnicity , and among the Hmong people , an ethnic minority group in Laos and Thailand . Local variants of larb also feature in the cuisines of the Tai peoples of Shan State , Burma , and Yunnan province , China .'}]}, {'value': 'Laos Thailand', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A Lao and Thai salad of raw freshwater river fish mixed with lime , cilantro , mint , scallions , roasted rice , chilis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lao_cuisine', 'summary': 'Lao cuisine or Laotian cuisine is the cuisine of Laos , which is distinct from other Southeast Asian cuisines . The staple food of the Lao is steamed sticky rice , which is eaten by hand . In fact , the Lao eat more sticky rice than any other people in the world . Sticky rice is considered the essence of what it means to be Lao . In the Lao language , sticky rice is ເຂົ້າຫນຽວ ( khao niav ) . It been said that no matter where they are in the world , sticky rice will always be the glue that holds the Lao communities together , connecting them to their culture and to Laos . Often the Lao will refer to themselves as luk khao niaow , which can be translated as children or descendants of sticky rice . The most famous Lao dish is larb ( Lao : ລາບ ; sometimes also spelled laab or laap ) , a spicy mixture of marinated meat or fish that is sometimes raw ( prepared like ceviche ) with a variable combination of herbs , greens , and spices . Another Lao invention is a spicy green papaya salad dish known as tam mak hoong ( Lao : ຕໍາໝາກຫຸ່ງ ) , more famously known to the West as som tam . Lao cuisine has many regional variations , corresponding in part to the fresh foods local to each region . A French legacy is still evident in the capital city , Vientiane , where baguettes are sold on the street and French restaurants are common and popular , which were first introduced when Laos was a part of French Indochina .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Thai_salad', 'summary': 'Salads that are internationally known as Thai salads , with a few exceptions , fall into four main methods of preparation . In Thai cuisine these are called yam , tam , lap and phla . A few additional dishes can also be regarded as being a salad .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cilantro', 'summary': 'Coriander ( /ˌkɒriˈændər , ˈkɒriændər/ ; Coriandrum sativum ) is an annual herb in the family Apiaceae . It is also known as Chinese parsley , and in the United States the stems and leaves are usually called cilantro ( /sɪˈlæntroʊ , -ˈlɑːn-/ ) . All parts of the plant are edible , but the fresh leaves and the dried seeds ( as a spice ) are the parts most traditionally used in cooking . Most people perceive the taste of coriander leaves as a tart , lemon/lime taste , but a smaller group of about 3-21% of people tested think the leaves taste like dish soap , linked to a gene which detects some specific aldehydes that are also used as odorant substances in many soaps and detergents .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mentha', 'summary': 'Mentha ( also known as mint , from Greek μίνθα míntha , Linear B mi-ta ) is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae ( mint family ) . The exact distinction between species is unclear ; it is estimated that 13 to 24 species exist . Hybridization occurs naturally where some species range overlap . Many hybrids and cultivars are known . The genus has a subcosmopolitan distribution across Europe , Africa , Asia , Australia , and North America . The species that makes up the genus Mentha are widely distributed and can be found in many environments . Most grow best in wet environments and moist soils . Mints will grow 10-120 cm tall and can spread over an indeterminate area . Due to their tendency to spread unchecked , some mints are considered invasive .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Scallions', 'summary': 'Scallions ( also known as green onions , spring onions , or salad onions ) are vegetables of various Allium onion species . Scallions have a milder taste than most onions . Their close relatives include garlic , shallot , leek , chive , and Chinese onions . Although the bulbs of many Allium species are used as food , the defining characteristic of scallion species is that they lack a fully developed bulb . Allium species referred to as scallions have hollow , tubular green leaves growing directly from the bulb . These leaves are used as a vegetable ; they are eaten either raw or cooked . The leaves are often chopped into other dishes , in the manner of onions or garlic .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Chili_pepper', 'summary': 'The chili pepper ( also chile , chile pepper , chilli pepper , or chilli ) , from Nahuatl chīlli ( Nahuatl pronunciation : [ ˈt͡ʃiːli ] ( listen ) ) , is the fruit of plants from the genus Capsicum which are members of the nightshade family , Solanaceae . Chili peppers are widely used in many cuisines as a spice to add heat to dishes . The substances that give chili peppers their intensity when ingested or applied topically are capsaicin and related compounds known as capsaicinoids . Chili peppers originated in Mexico . After the Columbian Exchange , many cultivars of chili pepper spread across the world , used for both food and traditional medicine .'}]}, {'value': 'Namerō', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Namerō', 'summary': 'Namerō ( Japanese : なめろう , derived from なめる - 舐める [ nameru ] or to lick ) is a type of tataki , a manner of preparing fish or meat finely minced and mixed with some spices and seasonings , not unlike a tartare .'}]}, {'value': 'Japan , Bōsō Peninsula', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bōsō_Peninsula', 'summary': 'The Bōsō Peninsula ( 房総半島 , Bōsō-hantō ) is a peninsula that encompasses the entirety of Chiba Prefecture on Honshu , the largest island of Japan . It forms the eastern edge of Tokyo Bay , separating it from the Pacific Ocean . The peninsula covers approximately 5,034 square kilometres ( 1,944 sq mi ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Finely chopped raw fish mixed with spices and spread thin', 'urls': []}, {'value': "'Ota 'ika", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/'Ota_'ika", 'summary': "'Ota ika is a Polynesian dish , similar to Latin ceviche , consisting of raw fish marinated in citrus juice and coconut milk . The Tongan , Tahitian , and Samoan variants are essentially identical in that the raw fish is briefly marinated in lemon or lime juice until the surface of the flesh becomes opaque . The fish is then mixed with coconut milk and diced vegetables ( most commonly cucumber , tomato , onion , green onion , and spicy peppers ) . The word ota means raw in Samoan , Tongan , and Tahitian , although the more common term for the dish in French Polynesia is its French equivalent , poisson cru ( literally , raw fish ) . Any type of seafood can be used to make ota , the word ika means fish ( i ' a in Samoan language ) , but the dish is often prepared with mussels ( ota pipi/maso ) , prawns ( ota ulavai ) , crab ( ota pa ' a/paka ) , lobster ( ota ula ) , octopus/squid ( ota fe ' e/feke ) , sea urchin ( ota vana/tuitui ) , and eel ( ota pusi ) . This is the national dish of Tonga . A variant called kelaguen is also prepared in the Marianas Islands ."}]}, {'value': 'Tonga', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Raw fish dish typically made with coconut cream , tomatoes , lemon and spring onions', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Poke', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Poke_(Hawaii)', 'summary': 'Poke /poʊˈkeɪ/ ( Hawaiian for to slice or cut crosswise into pieces ; sometimes stylized Poké to aid pronunciation , also called Poké Bowl ) is diced raw fish served either as an appetizer or as a main course and is one of the main dishes of Native Hawaiian cuisine . Traditional forms are aku ( skipjack tuna ) and heʻe ( octopus ) . Heʻe ( octopus ) poke is usually called by its Japanese name tako poke , except in places like the island of Niʻihau where the Hawaiian language is spoken . Increasingly popular ahi poke is made with yellowfin tuna . Adaptations may feature raw salmon or various shellfish as a main ingredient served raw with the common poke seasonings .'}]}, {'value': 'Hawaii', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Raw fish salad', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sashimi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sashimi', 'summary': 'Sashimi ( 刺身 , English : /səˈʃiːmi/ sə-SHEE-mee , Japanese : [ saɕimiꜜ ] ) is a Japanese delicacy consisting of fresh raw fish or meat sliced into thin pieces and often eaten with soy sauce .'}]}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sliced raw seafood . Dipped in soy sauce and wasabi before eating', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Raw fish dishes', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_raw_fish_dishes_0', 'intro': 'This article is about raw fish or shellfish. It includes marinated raw fish (soaked in a seasoned liquid) and raw fish which is lightly cured such as gravlax, but not fish which is fully cured (fermented, pickled, smoked or otherwise preserved).'}
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What is a dish accompanied by whose origin is a location where the main religion is Lutheran Christianity ?
hovmästarsås
04a1133ce9f7fef2
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bailee_Madison', 'title': 'Bailee Madison', 'header': ['Year', 'Title', 'Role', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CSI : NY', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CSI:_NY', 'summary': 'CSI : NY ( Crime Scene Investigation : New York , stylized as CSI : NY/Crime Scene Investigation ) is an American police procedural television series that ran on CBS from September 22 , 2004 , to February 22 , 2013 , for a total of nine seasons and 197 original episodes . The show follows the investigations of a team of NYPD forensic scientists and police officers identified as Crime Scene Investigators ( instead of the actual title of Crime Scene Unit Forensic Technicians ( CSU ) ) as they unveil the circumstances behind mysterious and unusual deaths , as well as other crimes . The series is an indirect spin-off from the veteran series CSI : Crime Scene Investigation and a direct spin-off from CSI : Miami , during an episode in which several of the CSI : NY characters made their first appearances . It is the third series in the CSI franchise . Originally in 2004 , CSI : NY was produced in partnership with the Canadian media company Alliance Atlantis . The company dissolved after season three in 2007 , and all production after that was done under the purview of CBS Paramount Television . The show was filmed at the CBS Studio Center , with many of the outside scenes shot in and around Los Angeles . Occasionally , scenes were filmed on location in New York City . The series ended its ninth and final season on February 22 , 2013 . It was canceled by CBS on May 10 , 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'Rose Duncan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Boo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boo_(CSI:_NY_episode)', 'summary': "The fourth season of CSI : NY originally aired on CBS between September 2007 and May 2008 . It consisted of 21 episodes , only 14 of which were completed before the Writers ' Strike . Seven more episodes were made after the strike , and they began airing in April 2008 . Its regular time slot continued on Wednesdays at 10pm/9c . CSI : NY The Fourth Season was released on DVD in the U.S. on September 23 , 2008 ."}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/House_(TV_series)', 'summary': "House , M.D . ( also called House ) is an American television medical drama that originally ran on the Fox network for eight seasons , from November 16 , 2004 , to May 21 , 2012 . The series 's main character is Dr. Gregory House ( Hugh Laurie ) , an unconventional , misanthropic medical genius who , despite his dependence on pain medication , leads a team of diagnosticians at the fictional Princeton-Plainsboro Teaching Hospital ( PPTH ) in New Jersey . The series 's premise originated with Paul Attanasio , while David Shore , who is credited as creator , was primarily responsible for the conception of the title character . The series 's executive producers included Shore , Attanasio , Attanasio 's business partner Katie Jacobs , and film director Bryan Singer . It was filmed largely in a neighborhood and business district in Los Angeles County 's Westside called Century City . The show received high critical acclaim , and was consistently one of the highest rated series in the United States . House often clashes with his fellow physicians , including his own diagnostic team , because many of his hypotheses about patients ' illnesses are based on subtle or controversial insights . His flouting of hospital rules and procedures frequently leads him into conflict with his boss , hospital administrator and Dean of Medicine Dr. Lisa Cuddy ( Lisa Edelstein ) . House 's only true friend is Dr. James Wilson ( Robert Sean Leonard ) , head of the Department of Oncology . During the first three seasons , House 's diagnostic team consists of Dr. Robert Chase ( Jesse Spencer ) , Dr. Allison Cameron ( Jennifer Morrison ) and Dr. Eric Foreman ( Omar Epps ) . At the end of the third season , this team disbands ."}]}, {'value': 'Lucy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Act Your Age', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Act_Your_Age_(House_episode)', 'summary': 'Act Your Age is the nineteenth episode of the third season ( Season 3 Ep . 19 ) of House and the sixty-fifth episode overall .'}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Unfabulous', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Unfabulous', 'summary': "Unfabulous is an American teen sitcom that aired on Nickelodeon . The series is about an unfabulous middle school student and teenager named Addie Singer , played by Emma Roberts . The show , which debuted on September 12 , 2004 , was one of the most-watched programs in the United States among children between the ages of 10 and 16 . It was created by Sue Rose , who previously created the animated series Pepper Ann and Angela Anaconda , and co-created the character Fido Dido with Joanna Ferrone . The series ended on December 16 , 2007 , with the third season being the final season . All the episodes are narrated by Addie , and are told in flashbacks . The show 's theme song is performed by Jill Sobule , who also wrote the songs performed throughout the show ."}]}, {'value': 'Young Addie Singer', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2 episodes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cory in the House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cory_in_the_House', 'summary': "Cory in the House is an American television series which aired on the Disney Channel from January 12 , 2007 , to September 12 , 2008 , and was a spin-off from the Disney show That 's So Raven . The show focuses on Cory Baxter , who moves from San Francisco , California to Washington , D.C. with his father , after Victor Baxter gets a new job in the White House as the official head chef . The series marks a Disney Channel first , as it is the channel 's first spin-off . This is also the only Disney Channel spin-off series to be broadcast in standard definition for the entire length of the show . Reruns of the series have not been aired on Disney Channel , or on Disney XD ; however , they continue to air on the Family channel in Canada . Raven-Symoné guest-starred , reprising her role as Raven Baxter in only one episode . In 2014 , Disney Channel started airing a weekly block called Disney Replay on Wednesdays nights , during which episodes of Cory in the House air alongside That 's So Raven and Kim Possible , among others ."}]}, {'value': 'Maya', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2 episodes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Terminator : The Sarah Connor Chronicles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Terminator:_The_Sarah_Connor_Chronicles', 'summary': "Terminator : The Sarah Connor Chronicles ( sometimes abbreviated as Terminator : TSCC or simply TSCC ) is an American science fiction television series that aired on Fox from January 2008 to April 2009 . The show was produced by Warner Bros. Television , and C2 Pictures ( C2 Pictures was replaced by The Halcyon Company in season two ) . It is a spin-off from the Terminator series of films . It revolves around the lives of the fictional characters Sarah and John Connor , following the events of Terminator 2 : Judgment Day . The series premiered on Sunday , January 13 , 2008 , on the U.S. television network Fox . Production for the series was provided by the Judgment Day and Rise of the Machines producers and C2 Pictures , Sony Pictures Entertainment ( International ) co-presidents Mario Kassar and Andrew G. Vajna , C2 Senior Vice President James Middleton , David Nutter and Josh Friedman , who not only served as executive producer but also wrote the script for the first two episodes . The show opened mid-season with a shortened run of nine episodes , January through March 2008 . It was the highest-rated new scripted series of the 2007-08 television season and was renewed for a second season , which began on September 8 , 2008 , and ended April 10 , 2009 ( the same year Warner Bros. and the Halcyon Company produced McG 's Terminator Salvation ) . On May 18 , 2009 , despite fan efforts , Fox Entertainment president Kevin Reilly announced Fox would not renew the show for a third season ."}]}, {'value': 'Little Girl', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : What He Beheld', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/What_He_Beheld_(Terminator:_The_Sarah_Connor_Chronicles)', 'summary': "Terminator : The Sarah Connor Chronicles is a science fiction drama series developed for the Fox Broadcasting Company by Josh Friedman . The series follows the characters of Sarah and John Connor ( portrayed by Lena Headey and Thomas Dekker , respectively ) after the events of Terminator 2 : Judgment Day . In the pilot , the pair are transported from 1999 to 2007 by a terminator named Cameron Phillips ( Summer Glau ) who was sent back from 2027 to protect John . From that point , the show chronicles the trio 's attempt to stop the computer system Skynet from going online , triggering a nuclear holocaust and declaring war on mankind in an apocalyptic future . The Sarah Connor Chronicles premiered on Sunday , January 13 , 2008 after the New York Giants and Dallas Cowboys playoff game at 9:00PM Eastern/8:00PM Central to the highest ratings for a scripted television program on Fox in seven years and the most viewers for a scripted show on the network in eight years . Additionally , it also had the highest ratings of a scripted program debut during prime time among adults 18-34 and 18-49 ( key demographics for advertisers ) in three years and the most viewers for a scripted program premiere in two years . A second episode followed the next day , Monday , in the show 's regular timeslot at 9:00PM Eastern/8:00PM Central . Due to the 2007-2008 Writers Guild of America strike , only nine of the original thirteen episodes for the first season were completed . The producers of the show announced that it was renewed for a second season , initially for only 13 episodes . The new season began airing on September 8 , 2008 in the United States . On October 17 , 2008 the network gave the show a full second season order , bringing the total number of season 2 episodes to 22 . The series went on a brief hiatus mid-season , from December 16 , 2008 , to February 13 , 2009 ."}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Law & Order : Special Victims Unit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Law_&_Order:_Special_Victims_Unit', 'summary': "Law & Order : Special Victims Unit ( often abbreviated to Law & Order : SVU or just SVU ) is an American crime drama television series created by Dick Wolf for NBC . It stars Mariska Hargitay as Captain Olivia Benson , the commanding officer of the Special Victims Unit and formerly a lead detective , located in a fictionalized version of the New York City Police Department . Christopher Meloni played the other lead detective , Elliot Stabler , until departing from the series after 12 seasons . Law & Order : Special Victims Unit follows the style of the original Law & Order in that episodes are often ripped from the headlines or loosely based on real crimes that have received media attention . The show premiered on September 20 , 1999 as the second series in Wolf 's successful Law & Order franchise . After the premiere of the 21st season in September 2019 , the series became the longest-running US live action series on television . As of February 13 , 2020 , Law & Order : Special Victims Unit has aired 472 original episodes , surpassing the episode count of the original Law & Order series . It was nominated for and won numerous awards , including the 2006 Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series awarded to Mariska Hargitay ; the first Emmy to be received by a regular on any Law & Order series . On March 29 , 2019 , NBC renewed the series for a record-breaking twenty-first season , which premiered on September 26 , 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Mackenzie Burton', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Locum', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hubworld', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hubworld', 'summary': "Hubworld is a defunct American children 's news magazine television series on The Hub . It was produced by Natural 9 Entertainment with an association with Allspark Pictures . The program premiered on November 5 , 2010 and was hosted by actor/magician Justin Kredible Willman . The program 's premiere date was delayed from The Hub 's launch date on October 10 , 2010 , to November due to unknown factors ."}]}, {'value': 'Herself', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1 episode', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': "R.L . Stine 's The Haunting Hour", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/R.L._Stine's_The_Haunting_Hour", 'summary': "R. L. Stine 's The Haunting Hour : The Series is a Canadian-American original anthology horror-fantasy television series which is based on the 2007 movie R.L Stine 's The Haunting Hour : Do n't Think About It and the anthologies The Haunting Hour and Nightmare Hour by R.L . Stine , that originally aired on The Hub Network from October 29 , 2010 to October 11 , 2014 . The only story taken from The Haunting Hour anthology was My Imaginary Friend , and the only story unused from The Nightmare Hour was Make Me a Witch . The fourth season 's seven remaining episodes ran on Discovery Family from October 18 , 2014 to November 29 , 2014 . The series was produced by Front Street Pictures , The Hatchery , Incendo Films , and Endemol . On July 9 , 2012 , it was announced that R. L. Stine 's The Haunting Hour was one of four original series from The Hub that won the CINE Golden Eagle Award for high quality production and storytelling . On December 8 , 2014 , it was confirmed by Stine via Twitter that Discovery Family cancelled the show after its run of four seasons ."}]}, {'value': 'Lilly Carbo / Jenny / Becky', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4 episodes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wizards of Waverly Place', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wizards_of_Waverly_Place', 'summary': "Wizards of Waverly Place is an American fantasy teen sitcom which ran from October 12 , 2007 to January 6 , 2012 on Disney Channel . The series was created by Todd J. Greenwald , and stars Selena Gomez , David Henrie and Jake T. Austin as three wizard siblings with magical abilities competing to win sole custody of the family powers . Further main cast includes Jennifer Stone , Maria Canals Barrera , and David DeLuise . The series won Outstanding Children 's Program at the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards in 2009 . A film adaptation of the series , Wizards of Waverly Place : The Movie , premiered as a Disney Channel Original Movie on August 28 , 2009 . The film adaptation won Outstanding Children 's Program at the 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards earning the series its second consecutive Emmy . The farewell season won Outstanding Children 's Program at the 64th Primetime Emmy Awards bringing the franchise 's total to three Emmy awards . Wizards of Waverly Place ended with 106 episodes over four seasons , surpassing That 's So Raven . Its series finale averaged nearly 10 million viewers ( live and total views on same day ) , which made that episode the most-watched series finale in Disney Channel 's history . On March 15 , 2013 , The Wizards Return : Alex vs. Alex premiered as a one-hour television special ."}]}, {'value': 'Maxine Russo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Max_Russo', 'summary': "The following is the list of characters of Disney Channel original series Wizards of Waverly Place . The series centers on the fictional characters of the Russo family , which includes Alex ( Selena Gomez ) , her older brother Justin ( David Henrie ) and their younger brother Max ( Jake T. Austin ) . The three Russo siblings are wizards in training and live with their Italian-American father Jerry ( David DeLuise ) , a former wizard , and their Mexican-American mother , Theresa ( Maria Canals Barrera ) who is a mortal . Alex 's best friend Harper ( Jennifer Stone ) also found out about the Russos ' wizard powers in season 2 . The siblings have to keep their secret safe while living in the mortal world . When they become adults , the three siblings will have a wizard competition to decide who will become the family wizard of their generation and keep his or her wizard powers . Harper used to have a crush on Justin , but now is in love with Justin 's best friend , Zeke , who finds out about the Russo 's wizard powers in season 4 . Alex Russo ( Selena Gomez ) and Justin Russo ( David Henrie ) are the only characters to appear in every episode of the series ."}]}, {'value': '6 episodes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chase', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chase_(2010_TV_series)', 'summary': "Chase is an American police procedural drama television series created by Jennifer Johnson for the NBC network . The series follows a U.S . Marshals fugitive-apprehension team , based out of Houston , Texas . Jerry Bruckheimer and Johnson serve as executive producers for the one-hour drama . The series originally aired on Mondays at 10:00 pm ET/9:00 pm CT and premiered on September 20 , 2010 . After the mid-season break , Chase returned on Wednesdays at 9:00 pm ET/8:00 pm CT. On October 19 , 2010 , the network ordered a full season consisting of 22 episodes , but this order was cut to 18 in December . On February 3 , 2011 , the show was put on a hiatus with no plan regarding the remaining episodes . On April 6 , 2011 , NBC announced the remaining five episodes would be broadcast on Saturday nights beginning on April 23 and ended the series on May 21 , 2011 . Later the show was replaced by Harry 's Law . In the United Kingdom , Chase was re-titled Jerry Bruckheimer 's Chase and , as of July 2010 , was expected to debut on Living TV in 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'Zoe', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Father Figure', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Powers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Powers_(FX_TV_series)', 'summary': "Powers is an American online streaming series adaptation of the Powers comic book series published by Marvel Comics under their Icon Comics imprint . Marking PlayStation Network 's first venture into scripted original programming , the series premiered on March 10 , 2015 . The first two episodes of the series were written by Charlie Huston and directed by David Slade . The first three episodes , ( the third directed by David Petrarca ) , were released on March 10 , 2015 , on the PlayStation Network . The pilot episode is available for free for people in the USA on YouTube and the entire first season was available on Crackle until May 3 , 2016 . On May 6 , 2015 , Powers was renewed for a second season , which premiered on May 31 , 2016 . It was announced on August 3 , 2016 that Powers had been canceled ."}]}, {'value': 'Calista', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pilot', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012-13 , 2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Once Upon a Time', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Once Upon a Time is an American fairy tale drama television series on ABC , which debuted on October 23 , 2011 , and concluded on May 18 , 2018 . The first six seasons are largely set in the fictitious seaside town of Storybrooke , Maine , with the characters of Emma Swan and Regina Mills as the leads , while the seventh and final season takes place in Seattle , Washington , in the fictitious neighborhood of Hyperion Heights , with a new main narrative led by Mills and Henry Mills , Regina Mills and Emma Swan 's son . The show borrows elements and characters from Disney and popular Western literature , folklore , and fairy tales . Once Upon a Time was created by Lost and Tron : Legacy writers Edward Kitsis and Adam Horowitz . A spin-off series , Once Upon a Time in Wonderland , consisting of 13 episodes which followed the titular character from Alice in Wonderland , premiered on October 10 , 2013 and concluded on April 3 , 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Young Snow White', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Snow_White', 'summary': "Snow White is a 19th-century German fairy tale which is today known widely across the Western world . The Brothers Grimm published it in 1812 in the first edition of their collection Grimms ' Fairy Tales . It was titled in German : Sneewittchen ( in modern orthography Schneewittchen ) and numbered as Tale 53 . The name Sneewittchen was Low German and in the first version it was translated with Schneeweißchen . The Grimms completed their final revision of the story in 1854 . The fairy tale features such elements as the magic mirror , the poisoned apple , the glass coffin , and the characters of the Evil Queen and the Seven Dwarfs . The seven dwarfs were first given individual names in the 1912 Broadway play Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and then given different names in Walt Disney 's 1937 film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs . The Grimm story , which is commonly referred to as Snow White , should not be confused with the story of Snow-White and Rose-Red ( in German Schneeweißchen und Rosenrot ) , another fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm . In the Aarne-Thompson folklore classification , tales of this kind are grouped together as type 709 , Snow White . Others of this kind include Bella Venezia , Myrsina , Nourie Hadig , Gold-Tree and Silver-Tree , The Young Slave , and La petite Toute-Belle ."}]}, {'value': '4 episodes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Holliston', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Holliston_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Holliston is an American horror sitcom created by Adam Green , which debuted on April 3 , 2012 on the FEARnet cable television network as their first ever original series . Aside from the FEARnet cable television network , the show is also offered to watch on outlets such as Hulu , iTunes , and FEARnet On-Demand .'}]}, {'value': 'Bailee', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode Rock the Cradle', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013-2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Trophy Wife', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trophy_Wife_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Trophy Wife is an American television sitcom that aired during the 2013-14 television season on ABC . The series was co-created and executive produced by Emily Halpern and Sarah Haskins for ABC Studios . The series was green-lit by ABC for a series order pick up on May 10 , 2013 . Trophy Wife premiered on September 24 , 2013 . On May 8 , 2014 , ABC canceled Trophy Wife after one season . The final episode aired the following week .'}]}, {'value': 'Hillary Harrison', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21 episodes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014-2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Fosters', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Fosters_(2013_TV_series)', 'summary': 'The Fosters is an American family drama television series created by Peter Paige and Bradley Bredeweg . It premiered in the United States of America on June 3 , 2013 on the Freeform ( at the time named ABC Family ) television network and concluded on June 6 , 2018 . It follows the lives of the members of the Foster family led by lesbian couple Stef and Lena , a cop and school vice principal respectively , who raise one biological and four adopted children in San Diego , California . The first season of The Fosters received generally favorable reviews from critics and also garnered particular acclaim for its portrayal of LGBT themes . It also earned two GLAAD Media Awards and one Teen Choice Award . On January 3 , 2018 , Freeform announced that The Fosters was ending after five seasons . The series concluded with a three-episode finale , which aired from June 4 to 6 , 2018 . The finale also acted as an introduction to a spin-off series starring Cierra Ramirez and Maia Mitchell , Good Trouble .'}]}, {'value': 'Sophia Quinn', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11 episodes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'American Dad !', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/American_Dad!', 'summary': "American Dad ! is an American animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane , Mike Barker and Matt Weitzman that originally premiered on Fox . American Dad ! is the first television series to have its inception on the network 's Animation Domination block . The series premiered on February 6 , 2005 , following Super Bowl XXXIX , with the rest of the first season airing three months later beginning May 1 , 2005 . The series is produced by Underdog Productions , Fuzzy Door Productions , and 20th Century Fox Television and syndicated by 20th Television . Creative direction of American Dad ! has largely been guided by Barker ( prior to his exit from the show in season 10 ) and Weitzman as opposed to MacFarlane , resulting in a series that is different from its counterparts . Unlike MacFarlane 's other shows , Family Guy and , to a lesser extent , The Cleveland Show , American Dad ! does not lean as heavily on the use of cutaway gags , and is less concerned with conventional setup-punchline jokes , instead deriving its humor mostly from the quirky characters , the relationships between family members , and the relatively relatable plots . While the core issues and resolutions are relatable in most episodes , the show nonetheless weaves in fantastical elements , pitching the tone of the show somewhere between observational comedy and farce . The plots are often absurd , but they are grounded by family stories and real-world issues ."}]}, {'value': 'Unknown', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Roger Passes the Bar', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015-2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Good Witch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Good_Witch_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Good Witch is an American and Canadian fantasy comedy-drama television series that is based on the TV movie series of the same name , produced by Whizbang Films in association with ITV Studios and the Hallmark Channel . Catherine Bell , who played Cassie Nightingale , the good witch in the movie series , both co-produces and stars in the series . The series follows the residents of ( the fictional town ) Middleton , including Cassie and her daughter Grace as they welcome Dr. Sam Radford and his son to town . Cassie and Grace share a gift of enchanted insight and magical intuition . Good Witch premiered on February 28 , 2015 , and was consecutively renewed through a fifth season , which aired from June 9 to August 18 , 2019 . Season five finale marked the last episode for actress Bailee Madison as Grace Russell . The show was renewed for a sixth season on July 3 , 2019 , due to broadcast in 2020 .'}]}, {'value': 'Grace Russell', 'urls': []}, {'value': '55 episodes', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mulaney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mulaney', 'summary': 'Mulaney is an American sitcom that aired on Fox from October 5 , 2014 to February 15 , 2015 . Stand-up comedian and former Saturday Night Live writer John Mulaney created the show and starred as a fictionalized version of himself . At the beginning of each episode , and sometimes throughout , Mulaney would perform stand-up comedy to the studio audience . The show suffered from low ratings and poor critical reviews , and was cancelled in March 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'Ruby', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Episode : Ruby', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Filmography -- Television', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Bailee_Madison_1', 'intro': "Bailee Madison (born October 15, 1999) is an American actress. She first gained acclaim for her role as May Belle Aarons in the fantasy drama film Bridge to Terabithia (2007). Madison received further recognition for her starring roles as Isabelle in the war drama film Brothers (2009), Sally Hurst in the horror film Don't Be Afraid of the Dark (2010), Maggie in the romantic comedy film Just Go with It (2011), Harper Simmons in the comedy film Parental Guidance (2012), Clementine in the fantasy film Northpole (2014), and Kinsey in the slasher horror film The Strangers: Prey at Night (2018). On television, she appeared as Maxine Russo in the fantasy sitcom Wizards of Waverly Place (2011), young Snow White in the fantasy drama series Once Upon a Time (2012-16), Hillary Harrison in the sitcom Trophy Wife (2013-14), and Sophia Quinn in the drama series The Fosters (2014-16). From 2015 to 2019, Madison starred as Grace Russell in the Hallmark Channel comedy-drama series Good Witch."}
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Who plays Addie Singer in the series in which Bailee Madison played Young Addie Singer in 2007 ?
Emma Roberts
04a133d52dd82c0e
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_in_the_Holy_Roman_Empire_(I)', 'title': 'List of states in the Holy Roman Empire (I)', 'header': ['Name', 'Type', 'Circle', 'Bench', 'Formed', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Inner Austria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Inner_Austria', 'summary': 'Inner Austria ( German : Innerösterreich , Slovene : Notranja Avstrija , Italian : Austria Interiore ) was a term used from the late 14th to the early 17th century for the Habsburg hereditary lands south of the Semmering Pass , referring to the Imperial duchies of Styria , Carinthia and Carniola and the lands of the Austrian Littoral . The residence of the Inner Austrian archdukes and stadtholders was at the Burg castle complex in Graz .'}]}, {'value': 'Duchy', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1379 : Partitioned from Austria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Austria', 'summary': "Austria ( /ˈɒstriə/ ( listen ) , /ˈɔːs-/ ; German : Österreich [ ˈøːstɐʁaɪ̯ç ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Austria ( German : Republik Österreich , listen ( help·info ) ) , is a landlocked East Alpine country in the southern part of Central Europe . It is composed of nine federated states ( Bundesländer ) , one of which is Vienna , Austria 's capital and its largest city . It is bordered by Germany to the northwest , Czech Republic to the north , Slovakia to the northeast , Hungary to the east , Slovenia and Italy to the south , and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west . Austria occupies an area of 83,879 km2 ( 32,386 sq mi ) and has a population of nearly 9 million people . While German is the country 's official language , many Austrians communicate informally in a variety of Bavarian dialects . Austria initially emerged as a margraviate around 976 and developed into a duchy and archduchy . In the 16th century , Austria started serving as the heart of the Habsburg Monarchy and the junior branch of the House of Habsburg - one of the most influential royal dynasties in history . As an archduchy , it was a major component and administrative centre of the Holy Roman Empire . Early in the 19th century , Austria established its own empire , which became a great power and the leading force of the German Confederation but pursued its own course independently of the other German states . Following the Austro-Prussian War and the compromise with Hungary , the Dual Monarchy was established . Austria was involved in World War I under Emperor Franz Joseph following the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand , the presumptive successor to the Austro-Hungarian throne . After the defeat and the dissolution of the Monarchy , the Republic of German-Austria was proclaimed with the intent of the union with Germany , which eventually failed because of the Allied Powers and the state remained unrecognized ."}]}, {'value': '1406 : Annexed to Austria', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Irsee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Irsee_Abbey', 'summary': 'Irsee Abbey , also the Imperial Abbey of Irsee ( German : Reichsabtei Irsee ) , was a Benedictine abbey located at Irsee near Kaufbeuren in Bavaria . The self-ruling imperial abbey was secularized in the course of the German mediatization of 1802-1803 and its territory annexed to Bavaria . The buildings of the former abbey now house a conference and training centre for Bavarian Swabia .'}]}, {'value': 'Abbacy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Swab', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SP', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1186', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1695 : Imperial immediacy 1802 : To Bavaria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bavaria', 'summary': "Bavaria ( /bəˈvɛəriə/ ; German and Bavarian : Bayern [ ˈbaɪɐn ] ) , officially the Free State of Bavaria ( German and Bavarian : Freistaat Bayern [ ˈfʁaɪʃtaːt ˈbaɪɐn ] ) , is a landlocked federal state of Germany , occupying its southeastern corner . With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres ( 27,200 sq mi ) , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area comprising roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany . With 13 million inhabitants , it is Germany 's second-most-populous state after North Rhine-Westphalia . Bavaria 's main cities are Munich ( its capital and largest city and also the third largest city in Germany ) , Nuremberg and Augsburg . The history of Bavaria includes its earliest settlement by Iron Age Celtic tribes , followed by the conquests of the Roman Empire in the 1st century BC , when the territory was incorporated into the provinces of Raetia and Noricum . It became a stem duchy in the 6th century AD following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire . It was later incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire , became an independent kingdom , joined the Prussian-led German Empire in 1871 while retaining its title of kingdom , and finally became a state of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 . The Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555 . In the 17th century AD , the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire . The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918 , when Bavaria became a republic . In 1946 , the Free State of Bavaria reorganized itself on democratic lines after the Second World War . Bavaria has a unique culture , largely because of the state 's former Catholic majority and conservative traditions ."}]}, {'value': 'Isenberg-Limburg', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'County', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'n/a', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'n/a', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1253 : Renamed from Altena-Isenberg', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1289 : Acquired Altenhof and Styrum 1304 : Partitioned into Limburg-Hohenlimburg and Limburg-Styrum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Altenhof,_Mecklenburg-Vorpommern', 'summary': 'Altenhof is a municipality in the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district , in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern , Germany . Schloss Altenhof , on the other hand , is in Austria , and is the seat of Norbert Graf von Salburg , Freiherr von Falkenstein .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Styrum', 'summary': 'Styrum ( German pronunciation : [ ˈʃtiːʁʊm ] ; sometimes spelled Stirum ) was an immediate lordship in the Holy Roman Empire , located in Mülheim an der Ruhr , North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany . It held no seat in the Diet and was circumvened by the lordship of Broich . The exact date of construction of its castle is unknown . Styrum was already prosperous in Frankish times before Charlemagne ( late 8th century ) . In 1067 Styrum was given to the Abbacy of Kaiserswerth . After the murder of the Archbishop of Cologne , Engelbert of Berg , in 1225 , the descendants of Frederick I of Isenberg gained ownership of Mülheim an der Ruhr and thereby of the castle as Lords of Styrum and took up residence . Here they founded the line of Counts of Limburg Styrum , a family that would later obtain important estates in Westphalia and the Lower Rhine . With the partition of the House of Limburg Styrum in 1644 , Styrum passed to the line of Limburg-Styrum-Styrum .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Limburg-Hohenlimburg', 'summary': 'Limburg-Hohenlimburg was a county in Germany in the Middle Ages . It was created as a partition of Limburg-Isenberg in 1246 , and was annexed to Limburg-Styrum in 1304 . In the 15th century , the house Limburg-Styrum was divided into Limburg-Broich , controlling Limburg-Hohenlimburg , and Limburg-Styrum who kept the lordship Styrum . Limburg-Hohenlimburg passed to the Daun-Falkenstein in 1511 , then Neuenahr-Alpen in 1542 . Limburg-Hohnlimburg became a possession of the counts of Bentheim at the end of the 16th century , who kept it until it was mediatized to the Grand Duchy of Berg in 1808 . The count of Bentheim still owns the fortress of Hohenlimburg .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Limburg-Styrum', 'summary': "The house of Limburg Stirum ( or Limburg-Styrum ) , which adopted its name in the 12th century from the sovereign county of Limburg an der Lenne in what is now Germany , is one of the oldest families in Europe . It is the eldest and only surviving branch of the House of Berg , which was among the most powerful dynasties in the region of the lower Rhine during the Middle Ages . Some historians link them to an even older dynasty , the Ezzonen , going back to the 9th century . The Limburg-Stirum were sovereign counts within the Holy Roman Empire , until they were mediatised in 1806 by the Confederation of the Rhine . Although undisputedly a mediatised comital family , having enjoyed a dynastic status for over 600 years until the collapse of the Empire , they were omitted from the Almanach de Gotha because the branches of the family possessing mediatised lands were extinct by the time ( 1815 ) that the Congress of Vienna established the German Confederation 's obligation to recognise their dynastic status . Since the 9th century , the family counted five Counts Palatine of Lotharingia , several Dukes of Westphalia , Bavaria , Carinthia and Swabia , seven Archbishops of Cologne , one Prince-Bishop of Speyer , more than ten bishops in the Holy Roman Empire , and at least two saints of the Catholic Church ( Saint Richenza , celebrated on 21 March , and Saint Engelbert of Cologne , celebrated on 7 November ) . The territorial authority of the family , counts of Berg since 1077 , counts of Altena and Isenberg , then counts of Limburg since 1246 , was significantly reduced following the opposition of Frederick II , Count of Isenberg to the aggression of his cousin , the Archbishop of Cologne , Engelbert II of Berg , leading to the murder of the latter . A cadet branch , the Counts van den Marck , later rose in importance as dukes of Cleves , Jülich and Berg , dukes of Nevers and Bouillon , counts of Schleiden , etc . Today 's members are mostly found in Belgium and The Netherlands ."}]}, {'value': 'Isenburg HRE Prince of Isenburg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/County_of_Isenburg', 'summary': 'Isenburg was a region of Germany located in southern present-day Hesse , located in territories north and south of Frankfurt . The states of Isenburg emerged from the Niederlahngau ( located in the Rhineland-Palatinate ) , which partitioned in 1137 into Isenburg-Isenburg and Isenburg-Limburg-Covern . These countships were partitioned between themselves many times over the next 700 years .'}]}, {'value': 'Lordship', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'n/a', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'n/a', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11th Century : Counts of the Niederlahngau assumed the name Isenburg though without comital rank', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Niederlahngau', 'summary': 'The Lahngau was a medieval territory comprising the middle and lower Lahn River valley in the current German states of Hesse and ( partially ) Rhineland-Palatinate . The traditional names of the Gau are Loganahe Pagus or Pagus Logenensis . The Lahngau was the East Frankish ancestral homeland of the Conradines . It was divided in ca . 900 into the Upper and Lower Lahngau ( translated from the German Oberlahngau and Niederlahngau [ or Unterlahngau ] , respectively ) .'}]}, {'value': '1129 : Acquired Kobern 1137 : Partitioned into Isenburg-Kobern and Isenburg-Isenburg 1197 : Rembold IV acquired Kempenich , founding Isenburg-Kempenich c1100 : Division into Isenburg-Limburg and Isenburg-Kempenich 1137 : Partitioned into Isenburg-Isenburg and Isenburg-Limburg-Covern 1673 : Division into Isenburg , Birstein , Isenburg-Marienborn , Isenburg-Meerholz , Isenburg-Wachtersbach 1806 : Joined Confederation of the Rhine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kobern', 'summary': 'Kobern-Gondorf is a municipality in the district of Mayen-Koblenz in Rhineland-Palatinate , western Germany . It is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde Rhein-Mosel . Above the village are the two castles of Niederburg and Oberburg .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Isenburg', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Isenburg was the name of a state of the Holy Roman Empire , based around Isenburg in modern Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany . It was created as a partition of the Niederlahngau in 1137 . It partitioned into Lower Isenburg and Isenburg-Braunsberg in 1199 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kempenich', 'summary': 'Kempenich is a municipality in the district of Ahrweiler , in Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Kempenich', 'summary': "Isenburg-Kempenich was the name of a state of the Holy Roman Empire , based around Kempenich in modern Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany . Isenburg-Kempenich emerged around the Lordship of Kempenich , which was first mentioned in 1093 as being ruled by Richwin of Wied . In 1143 another Richwin is mentioned , although it is unclear if it is the son of the former Richwin or if it was the former Richwin . Either way , his son Sigfried is considered the founder of the state of Isenburg-Kempenich in 1142 . In 1152 Siegfried had his daughters entered into a monastery . Through marriage , Isenburg-Kempenich passed to Reynold of the House of Isenburg in 1153 . In 1158 the Lords Theodoric I and Florentin are mentioned in a document of the Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa . Both lords are mentioned in 1166 and 1173 , but only Florentin was mentioned in 1183 and in 1187 . Inheritance passed to the sons of Theodoric I after Florentin 's death , Salentin , Rosemann and Theodoric II . Salentin died sometime after 1213 leaving Rosemann as the most powerful of the three lords . Isenburg-Kempenich benefited greatly from their close relation to Henry II of Isenburg-Grenzau , one of the most powerful lords in the region . In 1277 , Gerard I made his lordship mediate to the Archbishopric of Trier ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Isenburg', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Isenburg was the name of a state of the Holy Roman Empire , based around Isenburg in modern Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany . It was created as a partition of the Niederlahngau in 1137 . It partitioned into Lower Isenburg and Isenburg-Braunsberg in 1199 .'}]}, {'value': 'Isenburg-Arenfels', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lordship', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'n/a', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'n/a', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'c. 1280 : Partitioned from Isenburg-Cleeberg', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1371 : Extinct ; to Isenburg-Isenburg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Isenburg', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Isenburg was the name of a state of the Holy Roman Empire , based around Isenburg in modern Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany . It was created as a partition of the Niederlahngau in 1137 . It partitioned into Lower Isenburg and Isenburg-Braunsberg in 1199 .'}]}, {'value': 'Isenburg-Birstein', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Birstein', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Birstein was the name of two German historical states centred on Birstein in southeastern Hesse , Germany . The first Isenburg-Birstein was a County and was created as a partition of Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein in 1628 . It was merged into Isenburg-Offenbach in 1664 . The second Isenburg-Birstein was a Principality , created as a partition of Isenburg-Offenbach in 1711 . It was renamed the Principality of Isenburg in 1806 .'}]}, {'value': 'County 1744 : Principality', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Upp Rhen', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WT', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1511 : Partitioned from Isenburg-Büdingen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Büdingen', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Büdingen was a County of southern Hesse , Germany , located in Büdingen . It was originally a part of the County of Isenburg . There were two different Counties of the same name . The first ( 1341-1511 ) was a partition of Isenburg-Cleberg , and was partitioned into Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein and Isenburg-Ronneburg in 1511 . The second ( 1628-1806 ) was a partition of Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein . It was partitioned between itself , Isenburg-Meerholz and Isenburg-Wächtersbach in 1673 , and was mediatised to Isenburg in 1806 . In 1816 Isenburg was partitioned between the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt and the Electorate of Hesse-Kassel . Count Ernest Casimir ( 1801-1848 ) was elevated to the rank of prince by Louis II , Grand Duke of Hesse , in 1840 . Since then , the name of the branch is spelled Ysenburg and Büdingen , to distinguish it from the princes of Isenburg from the Isenburg-Birstein branch .'}]}, {'value': '1628 : Partitioned into Isenburg-Offenbach and Isenburg-Büdingen 1685 : Partitioned from Isenburg-Offenbach 1744 : HRE Prince 1803 : Bench of Princes 1806 : Renamed to Principality of Isenburg and mediatised the other branches of the House of Isenburg 1815 : To the Grand Duchy of Hesse ; renamed to Ysenburg and Büdingen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Offenbach', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Offenbach was the name of a state of the Holy Roman Empire , based around Offenbach and Neu Isenburg ( built by the counts in 1699 ) in modern Hesse , Germany . It was created as a partition of Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein in 1628 . In 1711 the immediacy passed to Isenburg-Birstein while the line was partitioned into Isenburg-Eisenberg and Isenburg-Philippseich .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Büdingen', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Büdingen was a County of southern Hesse , Germany , located in Büdingen . It was originally a part of the County of Isenburg . There were two different Counties of the same name . The first ( 1341-1511 ) was a partition of Isenburg-Cleberg , and was partitioned into Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein and Isenburg-Ronneburg in 1511 . The second ( 1628-1806 ) was a partition of Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein . It was partitioned between itself , Isenburg-Meerholz and Isenburg-Wächtersbach in 1673 , and was mediatised to Isenburg in 1806 . In 1816 Isenburg was partitioned between the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt and the Electorate of Hesse-Kassel . Count Ernest Casimir ( 1801-1848 ) was elevated to the rank of prince by Louis II , Grand Duke of Hesse , in 1840 . Since then , the name of the branch is spelled Ysenburg and Büdingen , to distinguish it from the princes of Isenburg from the Isenburg-Birstein branch .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Offenbach', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Offenbach was the name of a state of the Holy Roman Empire , based around Offenbach and Neu Isenburg ( built by the counts in 1699 ) in modern Hesse , Germany . It was created as a partition of Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein in 1628 . In 1711 the immediacy passed to Isenburg-Birstein while the line was partitioned into Isenburg-Eisenberg and Isenburg-Philippseich .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Principality_of_Isenburg', 'summary': 'Isenburg was a region of Germany located in southern present-day Hesse , located in territories north and south of Frankfurt . The states of Isenburg emerged from the Niederlahngau ( located in the Rhineland-Palatinate ) , which partitioned in 1137 into Isenburg-Isenburg and Isenburg-Limburg-Covern . These countships were partitioned between themselves many times over the next 700 years .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Hesse', 'summary': 'The Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine ( German : Großherzogtum Hessen und bei Rhein ) was a grand duchy in western Germany that existed from 1806 ( the period of German mediatization ) to the end of the German Empire in 1918 . The grand duchy originally formed on the basis of the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1806 as the Grand Duchy of Hesse ( German : Großherzogtum Hessen ) . After the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 , it changed its name in 1816 to distinguish itself from the Electorate of Hesse , which had formed from neighboring Hesse-Kassel . Colloquially , the grand duchy continued to be known by its former name of Hesse-Darmstadt . It joined the German Empire in 1871 and became a republic after German defeat in World War I in 1918 .'}]}, {'value': 'Isenburg-Braunsberg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Braunsberg', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Braunsberg was the name of a state of the Holy Roman Empire , based around Braunsberg in modern Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany . It was created as a partition of Isenburg-Isenburg in 1199 ( 1210 ) . In 1338 Isenburg-Braunsberg became an Imperial County . It slowly acquired territories of the County of Wied , being renamed to Isenburg-Wied in 1388 .'}]}, {'value': 'Lordship', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'n/a', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'n/a', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'c. 1175 : Partitioned from Isenburg-Isenburg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Isenburg', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Isenburg was the name of a state of the Holy Roman Empire , based around Isenburg in modern Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany . It was created as a partition of the Niederlahngau in 1137 . It partitioned into Lower Isenburg and Isenburg-Braunsberg in 1199 .'}]}, {'value': '1243 : Renamed to Isenburg-Wied after inheriting Wied', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Wied', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Wied was the name of a state of the Holy Roman Empire , based around Neuwied in modern Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany . It was renamed from Isenburg-Braunsberg in 1388 , and was superseded by Wied in 1462 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/County_of_Wied', 'summary': 'Wied was a County of Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany , located on the river Wied where it meets the Rhine . Wied emerged as a County earlier than many other German states . From 1243-1462 , Wied was united with an Isenburgian County as Isenburg-Wied . Wied was partitioned twice : between itself and Wied-Dierdorf in 1631 , and between Wied-Neuwied and Wied-Runkel in 1698 . Via William of Albania , the House of Wied ruled the Principality of Albania in 1914 .'}]}, {'value': 'Isenburg-Büdingen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Büdingen', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Büdingen was a County of southern Hesse , Germany , located in Büdingen . It was originally a part of the County of Isenburg . There were two different Counties of the same name . The first ( 1341-1511 ) was a partition of Isenburg-Cleberg , and was partitioned into Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein and Isenburg-Ronneburg in 1511 . The second ( 1628-1806 ) was a partition of Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein . It was partitioned between itself , Isenburg-Meerholz and Isenburg-Wächtersbach in 1673 , and was mediatised to Isenburg in 1806 . In 1816 Isenburg was partitioned between the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt and the Electorate of Hesse-Kassel . Count Ernest Casimir ( 1801-1848 ) was elevated to the rank of prince by Louis II , Grand Duke of Hesse , in 1840 . Since then , the name of the branch is spelled Ysenburg and Büdingen , to distinguish it from the princes of Isenburg from the Isenburg-Birstein branch .'}]}, {'value': 'Lordship 1442 : County', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Upp Rhen', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WT', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1341 : Partitioned from Isenburg-Cleeberg', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1442 : HRE Count 1511 : Partitioned into Isenburg-Rönneburg and Isenburg-Birstein 1628 : Partitioned from Isenburg-Birstein 1673 : Partitioned into itself , Isenburg-Wächtersbach , Isenburg-Meerholz and Isenburg-Marienborn 1806 : To Isenburg-Birstein 1815 : To the Grand Duchy of Hesse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Birstein', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Birstein was the name of two German historical states centred on Birstein in southeastern Hesse , Germany . The first Isenburg-Birstein was a County and was created as a partition of Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein in 1628 . It was merged into Isenburg-Offenbach in 1664 . The second Isenburg-Birstein was a Principality , created as a partition of Isenburg-Offenbach in 1711 . It was renamed the Principality of Isenburg in 1806 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Birstein', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Birstein was the name of two German historical states centred on Birstein in southeastern Hesse , Germany . The first Isenburg-Birstein was a County and was created as a partition of Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein in 1628 . It was merged into Isenburg-Offenbach in 1664 . The second Isenburg-Birstein was a Principality , created as a partition of Isenburg-Offenbach in 1711 . It was renamed the Principality of Isenburg in 1806 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Wächtersbach', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Wächtersbach was a County of southern Hesse , Germany . It was created in 1673 as a partition of Isenburg-Büdingen , and was mediatised to Isenburg in 1806 . In 1865 , the Head of this line of the family , Ferdinand Maximilian was raised to the rank of Prince .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Meerholz', 'summary': "Isenburg-Meerholz ( or Ysenburg-Büdingen-Meerholz ) was a County of southern Hesse , Germany . It was created as a partition of Isenburg-Büdingen ( or Ysenburg-Büdingen ) in 1687 ( Third Main-Partition ) , and was mediatised to Isenburg in 1806 . In 2007 , with the addition of Romania and Bulgaria , Meerholz ( now a part of the former free town of Gelnhausen ) became the European Union 's new geographical center ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Birstein', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Birstein was the name of two German historical states centred on Birstein in southeastern Hesse , Germany . The first Isenburg-Birstein was a County and was created as a partition of Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein in 1628 . It was merged into Isenburg-Offenbach in 1664 . The second Isenburg-Birstein was a Principality , created as a partition of Isenburg-Offenbach in 1711 . It was renamed the Principality of Isenburg in 1806 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Hesse', 'summary': 'The Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine ( German : Großherzogtum Hessen und bei Rhein ) was a grand duchy in western Germany that existed from 1806 ( the period of German mediatization ) to the end of the German Empire in 1918 . The grand duchy originally formed on the basis of the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1806 as the Grand Duchy of Hesse ( German : Großherzogtum Hessen ) . After the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 , it changed its name in 1816 to distinguish itself from the Electorate of Hesse , which had formed from neighboring Hesse-Kassel . Colloquially , the grand duchy continued to be known by its former name of Hesse-Darmstadt . It joined the German Empire in 1871 and became a republic after German defeat in World War I in 1918 .'}]}, {'value': 'Isenburg-Cleeberg ( Isenburg-Cleberg )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lordship', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'n/a', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'n/a', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'c. 1158 : Partitioned from Isenburg-Kobern', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1221 : Acquired Limburg an der Lahn 1258 : Partitioned into itself and Isenburg-Limburg c. 1280 : Partitioned into Isenburg-Arenfels and itself 1304 : Acquired Büdingen 1310 : Acquired Grenzau 1341 : Partitioned into Isenburg-Büdingen and Isenburg-Grenzau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Limburg_an_der_Lahn', 'summary': 'Limburg an der Lahn ( officially abbreviated Limburg a. d. Lahn ) is the district seat of Limburg-Weilburg in Hesse , Germany .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Limburg', 'summary': 'The Countship of Isenburg-Limburg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire in the 13th and 14th centuries , based around the city of Limburg an der Lahn in modern Hesse , Germany .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Büdingen', 'summary': 'Büdingen is a town in the Wetteraukreis , in Hesse , Germany . It is mainly known for its well-preserved , heavily fortified medieval town wall and half-timbered houses .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Büdingen', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Büdingen was a County of southern Hesse , Germany , located in Büdingen . It was originally a part of the County of Isenburg . There were two different Counties of the same name . The first ( 1341-1511 ) was a partition of Isenburg-Cleberg , and was partitioned into Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein and Isenburg-Ronneburg in 1511 . The second ( 1628-1806 ) was a partition of Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein . It was partitioned between itself , Isenburg-Meerholz and Isenburg-Wächtersbach in 1673 , and was mediatised to Isenburg in 1806 . In 1816 Isenburg was partitioned between the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt and the Electorate of Hesse-Kassel . Count Ernest Casimir ( 1801-1848 ) was elevated to the rank of prince by Louis II , Grand Duke of Hesse , in 1840 . Since then , the name of the branch is spelled Ysenburg and Büdingen , to distinguish it from the princes of Isenburg from the Isenburg-Birstein branch .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Grenzau', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Grenzau was the name of several states of the Holy Roman Empire , seated in the Lordship of Grenzau , in modern Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany . The first state called Isenburg-Grenzau existed 1158-1290 ; the second 1341-1439 ; and the third 1502-1664 .'}]}, {'value': 'Isenburg-Eisenberg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Eisenberg', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Eisenberg was the name of a junior , non-immediate line of the House of Isenburg . It was partitioned from Isenburg-Offenbach in 1711 , and became extinct in 1758 .'}]}, {'value': 'County', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Upp Rhen', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WT', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1685 : Partitioned from Isenburg-Offenbach', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Offenbach', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Offenbach was the name of a state of the Holy Roman Empire , based around Offenbach and Neu Isenburg ( built by the counts in 1699 ) in modern Hesse , Germany . It was created as a partition of Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein in 1628 . In 1711 the immediacy passed to Isenburg-Birstein while the line was partitioned into Isenburg-Eisenberg and Isenburg-Philippseich .'}]}, {'value': '1758 : Extinct ; to Isenburg-Birstein', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Birstein', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Birstein was the name of two German historical states centred on Birstein in southeastern Hesse , Germany . The first Isenburg-Birstein was a County and was created as a partition of Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein in 1628 . It was merged into Isenburg-Offenbach in 1664 . The second Isenburg-Birstein was a Principality , created as a partition of Isenburg-Offenbach in 1711 . It was renamed the Principality of Isenburg in 1806 .'}]}, {'value': 'Isenburg-Grenzau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Grenzau', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Grenzau was the name of several states of the Holy Roman Empire , seated in the Lordship of Grenzau , in modern Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany . The first state called Isenburg-Grenzau existed 1158-1290 ; the second 1341-1439 ; and the third 1502-1664 .'}]}, {'value': 'Lordship', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'n/a', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'n/a', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1341 : Partitioned from Isenburg-Cleeberg', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1439 : Extinct ; to Nassau-Beilstein 1446 : To the Archbishopric of Trier 1460 : To Isenburg-Isenburg ( Lower Isenburg )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Trier', 'summary': 'The Roman Catholic diocese of Trier , in English traditionally known by its French name of Treves , is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic church in Germany . When it was the archbishopric and Electorate of Trier , it was one of the most important states of the Holy Roman Empire , both as an ecclesiastical principality and as a diocese of the church . Unlike the other Rhenish dioceses - Mainz and Cologne , Trier was the former Roman provincial capital of Augusta Treverorum . Given its status , Trier has always been the seat of a bishop since Roman times , one of the oldest dioceses in all of Germany . The diocese was elevated to an Archdiocese in the time of Charlemagne and was the metropolitan for the dioceses of Metz , Toul , and Verdun . After the victory of Napoleon Bonaparte of France , the archdiocese was lowered to a diocese and is now a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cologne . The diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of Saint Peter .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Isenburg', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Isenburg was the name of a state of the Holy Roman Empire , based around Isenburg in modern Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany . It was created as a partition of the Niederlahngau in 1137 . It partitioned into Lower Isenburg and Isenburg-Braunsberg in 1199 .'}]}, {'value': 'Isenburg-Grenzau', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Grenzau', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Grenzau was the name of several states of the Holy Roman Empire , seated in the Lordship of Grenzau , in modern Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany . The first state called Isenburg-Grenzau existed 1158-1290 ; the second 1341-1439 ; and the third 1502-1664 .'}]}, {'value': 'Lordship', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'El Rhen', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WE', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1502 : Partitioned from Isenburg-Isenburg ( Lower Isenburg )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Isenburg', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Isenburg was the name of a state of the Holy Roman Empire , based around Isenburg in modern Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany . It was created as a partition of the Niederlahngau in 1137 . It partitioned into Lower Isenburg and Isenburg-Braunsberg in 1199 .'}]}, {'value': '1664 : Extinct ; divided between the Archbishoprics of Cologne and Trier and Fulda Abbey , with the latter granting their share of the territory to Walderdorff', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Cologne', 'summary': 'The Archdiocese of Cologne ( Latin : Archidioecesis Coloniensis ; German : Erzbistum Köln ) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in western North Rhine-Westphalia and northern Rhineland-Palatinate in Germany .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Trier', 'summary': 'The Roman Catholic diocese of Trier , in English traditionally known by its French name of Treves , is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic church in Germany . When it was the archbishopric and Electorate of Trier , it was one of the most important states of the Holy Roman Empire , both as an ecclesiastical principality and as a diocese of the church . Unlike the other Rhenish dioceses - Mainz and Cologne , Trier was the former Roman provincial capital of Augusta Treverorum . Given its status , Trier has always been the seat of a bishop since Roman times , one of the oldest dioceses in all of Germany . The diocese was elevated to an Archdiocese in the time of Charlemagne and was the metropolitan for the dioceses of Metz , Toul , and Verdun . After the victory of Napoleon Bonaparte of France , the archdiocese was lowered to a diocese and is now a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cologne . The diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of Saint Peter .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fulda_Abbey', 'summary': 'The monastery of Fulda ( German Kloster Fulda , Latin Abbatia Fuldensis ) , from 1221 the Princely Abbey of Fulda ( Fürstabtei Fulda ) and from 1752 the Prince-Bishopric of Fulda ( Fürstbistum Fulda ) , was a Benedictine abbey and ecclesiastical principality centered on Fulda , in the present-day German state of Hesse . The monastery was founded in 744 by Saint Sturm , a disciple of Saint Boniface . After Boniface was buried at Fulda , it became a prominent center of learning and culture in Germany , and a site of religious significance and pilgrimage through the 8th and 9th centuries . The Annals of Fulda , one of the most important sources for the history of the Carolingian Empire in the 9th century , were written there . In 1221 the abbey was granted an imperial estate to rule and the abbots were thereafter princes of the Holy Roman Empire . The growth in population around Fulda would result in its elevation to a prince-bishopric in the second half of the 18th century . Although the abbey was dissolved in 1802 and its principality was secularized in 1803 , the diocese of Fulda continues to exist .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Walderdorff', 'summary': "Walderdorff is a German noble family . The Walderdorff family belongs to the Uradel of the Rhineland and has strong historic ties to the Catholic Church . Members of the family originally held the rank of Imperial Knight , and were later elevated to comital rank by the Holy Roman Emperor . Since 1657 the family 's seat has been Molsberg Castle in Westerwaldkreis ."}]}, {'value': 'Isenburg-Isenburg ( Lower Isenburg )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Isenburg', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Isenburg was the name of a state of the Holy Roman Empire , based around Isenburg in modern Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany . It was created as a partition of the Niederlahngau in 1137 . It partitioned into Lower Isenburg and Isenburg-Braunsberg in 1199 .'}]}, {'value': 'Lordship', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Low Rhen', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WE', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1137 : Partitioned from Isenburg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/County_of_Isenburg', 'summary': 'Isenburg was a region of Germany located in southern present-day Hesse , located in territories north and south of Frankfurt . The states of Isenburg emerged from the Niederlahngau ( located in the Rhineland-Palatinate ) , which partitioned in 1137 into Isenburg-Isenburg and Isenburg-Limburg-Covern . These countships were partitioned between themselves many times over the next 700 years .'}]}, {'value': 'c. 1175 : Partitioned into itself and Isenburg-Braunsberg 1197 : Acquired Kempenich c. 1220 : Partitioned into itself and Isenburg-Kempenich 1460 : Acquired Grenzau 1497 : Acquired Neumagen 1502 : Partitioned into Isenburg-Grenzau and Isenburg-Neumagen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Braunsberg', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Braunsberg was the name of a state of the Holy Roman Empire , based around Braunsberg in modern Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany . It was created as a partition of Isenburg-Isenburg in 1199 ( 1210 ) . In 1338 Isenburg-Braunsberg became an Imperial County . It slowly acquired territories of the County of Wied , being renamed to Isenburg-Wied in 1388 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kempenich', 'summary': 'Kempenich is a municipality in the district of Ahrweiler , in Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Kempenich', 'summary': "Isenburg-Kempenich was the name of a state of the Holy Roman Empire , based around Kempenich in modern Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany . Isenburg-Kempenich emerged around the Lordship of Kempenich , which was first mentioned in 1093 as being ruled by Richwin of Wied . In 1143 another Richwin is mentioned , although it is unclear if it is the son of the former Richwin or if it was the former Richwin . Either way , his son Sigfried is considered the founder of the state of Isenburg-Kempenich in 1142 . In 1152 Siegfried had his daughters entered into a monastery . Through marriage , Isenburg-Kempenich passed to Reynold of the House of Isenburg in 1153 . In 1158 the Lords Theodoric I and Florentin are mentioned in a document of the Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa . Both lords are mentioned in 1166 and 1173 , but only Florentin was mentioned in 1183 and in 1187 . Inheritance passed to the sons of Theodoric I after Florentin 's death , Salentin , Rosemann and Theodoric II . Salentin died sometime after 1213 leaving Rosemann as the most powerful of the three lords . Isenburg-Kempenich benefited greatly from their close relation to Henry II of Isenburg-Grenzau , one of the most powerful lords in the region . In 1277 , Gerard I made his lordship mediate to the Archbishopric of Trier ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Neumagen-Dhron', 'summary': 'Neumagen-Dhron is an Ortsgemeinde - a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde , a kind of collective municipality - in the Bernkastel-Wittlich district in Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany . It is a state-recognized tourism community , and it was the seat of the former Verbandsgemeinde of Neumagen-Dhron . Its situation and amenities make it a lower-order centre .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Grenzau', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Grenzau was the name of several states of the Holy Roman Empire , seated in the Lordship of Grenzau , in modern Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany . The first state called Isenburg-Grenzau existed 1158-1290 ; the second 1341-1439 ; and the third 1502-1664 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Neumagen', 'summary': 'N/A'}]}, {'value': 'Isenburg-Kempenich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Kempenich', 'summary': "Isenburg-Kempenich was the name of a state of the Holy Roman Empire , based around Kempenich in modern Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany . Isenburg-Kempenich emerged around the Lordship of Kempenich , which was first mentioned in 1093 as being ruled by Richwin of Wied . In 1143 another Richwin is mentioned , although it is unclear if it is the son of the former Richwin or if it was the former Richwin . Either way , his son Sigfried is considered the founder of the state of Isenburg-Kempenich in 1142 . In 1152 Siegfried had his daughters entered into a monastery . Through marriage , Isenburg-Kempenich passed to Reynold of the House of Isenburg in 1153 . In 1158 the Lords Theodoric I and Florentin are mentioned in a document of the Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa . Both lords are mentioned in 1166 and 1173 , but only Florentin was mentioned in 1183 and in 1187 . Inheritance passed to the sons of Theodoric I after Florentin 's death , Salentin , Rosemann and Theodoric II . Salentin died sometime after 1213 leaving Rosemann as the most powerful of the three lords . Isenburg-Kempenich benefited greatly from their close relation to Henry II of Isenburg-Grenzau , one of the most powerful lords in the region . In 1277 , Gerard I made his lordship mediate to the Archbishopric of Trier ."}]}, {'value': 'Lordship', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'n/a', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'n/a', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1277 : Made fief of the Archbishopric of Trier 1424 : Extinct ; to Schöneck', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Trier', 'summary': 'The Roman Catholic diocese of Trier , in English traditionally known by its French name of Treves , is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic church in Germany . When it was the archbishopric and Electorate of Trier , it was one of the most important states of the Holy Roman Empire , both as an ecclesiastical principality and as a diocese of the church . Unlike the other Rhenish dioceses - Mainz and Cologne , Trier was the former Roman provincial capital of Augusta Treverorum . Given its status , Trier has always been the seat of a bishop since Roman times , one of the oldest dioceses in all of Germany . The diocese was elevated to an Archdiocese in the time of Charlemagne and was the metropolitan for the dioceses of Metz , Toul , and Verdun . After the victory of Napoleon Bonaparte of France , the archdiocese was lowered to a diocese and is now a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cologne . The diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of Saint Peter .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Schöneck,_Hesse', 'summary': 'Schöneck is a municipality in the Main-Kinzig district , in Hesse , Germany . It is situated 9 km northwest of Hanau , and 15 km northeast of Frankfurt and has 12,576 inhabitants ( as of 2016-12-31 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Isenburg-Kobern ( Isenburg-Covern )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lordship', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'n/a', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'n/a', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1137 : Partitioned from Isenburg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/County_of_Isenburg', 'summary': 'Isenburg was a region of Germany located in southern present-day Hesse , located in territories north and south of Frankfurt . The states of Isenburg emerged from the Niederlahngau ( located in the Rhineland-Palatinate ) , which partitioned in 1137 into Isenburg-Isenburg and Isenburg-Limburg-Covern . These countships were partitioned between themselves many times over the next 700 years .'}]}, {'value': 'c. 1158 : Partitioned into itself and Isenburg-Cleeberg 1195 : Made fief of the Archbishopric of Trier 1266 : Extinct ; to Neuerburg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Trier', 'summary': 'The Roman Catholic diocese of Trier , in English traditionally known by its French name of Treves , is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic church in Germany . When it was the archbishopric and Electorate of Trier , it was one of the most important states of the Holy Roman Empire , both as an ecclesiastical principality and as a diocese of the church . Unlike the other Rhenish dioceses - Mainz and Cologne , Trier was the former Roman provincial capital of Augusta Treverorum . Given its status , Trier has always been the seat of a bishop since Roman times , one of the oldest dioceses in all of Germany . The diocese was elevated to an Archdiocese in the time of Charlemagne and was the metropolitan for the dioceses of Metz , Toul , and Verdun . After the victory of Napoleon Bonaparte of France , the archdiocese was lowered to a diocese and is now a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cologne . The diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of Saint Peter .'}]}, {'value': 'Isenburg-Limburg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Limburg', 'summary': 'The Countship of Isenburg-Limburg was a state of the Holy Roman Empire in the 13th and 14th centuries , based around the city of Limburg an der Lahn in modern Hesse , Germany .'}]}, {'value': 'Lordship', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'n/a', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'n/a', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1258 : Partitioned from Isenburg-Cleeberg', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1406 : Extinct ; to the Archbishopric of Trier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Trier', 'summary': 'The Roman Catholic diocese of Trier , in English traditionally known by its French name of Treves , is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic church in Germany . When it was the archbishopric and Electorate of Trier , it was one of the most important states of the Holy Roman Empire , both as an ecclesiastical principality and as a diocese of the church . Unlike the other Rhenish dioceses - Mainz and Cologne , Trier was the former Roman provincial capital of Augusta Treverorum . Given its status , Trier has always been the seat of a bishop since Roman times , one of the oldest dioceses in all of Germany . The diocese was elevated to an Archdiocese in the time of Charlemagne and was the metropolitan for the dioceses of Metz , Toul , and Verdun . After the victory of Napoleon Bonaparte of France , the archdiocese was lowered to a diocese and is now a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Cologne . The diocesan cathedral is the Cathedral of Saint Peter .'}]}, {'value': 'Isenburg-Marienborn', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lordship 1442 : County', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Upp Rhen', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WT', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1673 : Partitioned from Isenburg-Büdingen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Büdingen', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Büdingen was a County of southern Hesse , Germany , located in Büdingen . It was originally a part of the County of Isenburg . There were two different Counties of the same name . The first ( 1341-1511 ) was a partition of Isenburg-Cleberg , and was partitioned into Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein and Isenburg-Ronneburg in 1511 . The second ( 1628-1806 ) was a partition of Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein . It was partitioned between itself , Isenburg-Meerholz and Isenburg-Wächtersbach in 1673 , and was mediatised to Isenburg in 1806 . In 1816 Isenburg was partitioned between the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt and the Electorate of Hesse-Kassel . Count Ernest Casimir ( 1801-1848 ) was elevated to the rank of prince by Louis II , Grand Duke of Hesse , in 1840 . Since then , the name of the branch is spelled Ysenburg and Büdingen , to distinguish it from the princes of Isenburg from the Isenburg-Birstein branch .'}]}, {'value': '1725 : Extinct ; divided between Isenburg-Büdingen , Isenburg-Wächtersbach and Isenburg-Meerholz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Büdingen', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Büdingen was a County of southern Hesse , Germany , located in Büdingen . It was originally a part of the County of Isenburg . There were two different Counties of the same name . The first ( 1341-1511 ) was a partition of Isenburg-Cleberg , and was partitioned into Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein and Isenburg-Ronneburg in 1511 . The second ( 1628-1806 ) was a partition of Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein . It was partitioned between itself , Isenburg-Meerholz and Isenburg-Wächtersbach in 1673 , and was mediatised to Isenburg in 1806 . In 1816 Isenburg was partitioned between the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt and the Electorate of Hesse-Kassel . Count Ernest Casimir ( 1801-1848 ) was elevated to the rank of prince by Louis II , Grand Duke of Hesse , in 1840 . Since then , the name of the branch is spelled Ysenburg and Büdingen , to distinguish it from the princes of Isenburg from the Isenburg-Birstein branch .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Wächtersbach', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Wächtersbach was a County of southern Hesse , Germany . It was created in 1673 as a partition of Isenburg-Büdingen , and was mediatised to Isenburg in 1806 . In 1865 , the Head of this line of the family , Ferdinand Maximilian was raised to the rank of Prince .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Meerholz', 'summary': "Isenburg-Meerholz ( or Ysenburg-Büdingen-Meerholz ) was a County of southern Hesse , Germany . It was created as a partition of Isenburg-Büdingen ( or Ysenburg-Büdingen ) in 1687 ( Third Main-Partition ) , and was mediatised to Isenburg in 1806 . In 2007 , with the addition of Romania and Bulgaria , Meerholz ( now a part of the former free town of Gelnhausen ) became the European Union 's new geographical center ."}]}, {'value': 'Isenburg-Meerholz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Meerholz', 'summary': "Isenburg-Meerholz ( or Ysenburg-Büdingen-Meerholz ) was a County of southern Hesse , Germany . It was created as a partition of Isenburg-Büdingen ( or Ysenburg-Büdingen ) in 1687 ( Third Main-Partition ) , and was mediatised to Isenburg in 1806 . In 2007 , with the addition of Romania and Bulgaria , Meerholz ( now a part of the former free town of Gelnhausen ) became the European Union 's new geographical center ."}]}, {'value': 'Lordship 1442 : County', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Upp Rhen', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WT', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1673 : Partitioned from Isenburg-Büdingen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Büdingen', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Büdingen was a County of southern Hesse , Germany , located in Büdingen . It was originally a part of the County of Isenburg . There were two different Counties of the same name . The first ( 1341-1511 ) was a partition of Isenburg-Cleberg , and was partitioned into Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein and Isenburg-Ronneburg in 1511 . The second ( 1628-1806 ) was a partition of Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein . It was partitioned between itself , Isenburg-Meerholz and Isenburg-Wächtersbach in 1673 , and was mediatised to Isenburg in 1806 . In 1816 Isenburg was partitioned between the Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt and the Electorate of Hesse-Kassel . Count Ernest Casimir ( 1801-1848 ) was elevated to the rank of prince by Louis II , Grand Duke of Hesse , in 1840 . Since then , the name of the branch is spelled Ysenburg and Büdingen , to distinguish it from the princes of Isenburg from the Isenburg-Birstein branch .'}]}, {'value': '1806 : To Isenburg-Birstein 1815 : To the Grand Duchy of Hesse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Birstein', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Birstein was the name of two German historical states centred on Birstein in southeastern Hesse , Germany . The first Isenburg-Birstein was a County and was created as a partition of Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein in 1628 . It was merged into Isenburg-Offenbach in 1664 . The second Isenburg-Birstein was a Principality , created as a partition of Isenburg-Offenbach in 1711 . It was renamed the Principality of Isenburg in 1806 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Hesse', 'summary': 'The Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine ( German : Großherzogtum Hessen und bei Rhein ) was a grand duchy in western Germany that existed from 1806 ( the period of German mediatization ) to the end of the German Empire in 1918 . The grand duchy originally formed on the basis of the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1806 as the Grand Duchy of Hesse ( German : Großherzogtum Hessen ) . After the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815 , it changed its name in 1816 to distinguish itself from the Electorate of Hesse , which had formed from neighboring Hesse-Kassel . Colloquially , the grand duchy continued to be known by its former name of Hesse-Darmstadt . It joined the German Empire in 1871 and became a republic after German defeat in World War I in 1918 .'}]}, {'value': 'Isenburg-Neumagen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Neumagen', 'summary': 'N/A'}]}, {'value': 'Lordship', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'El Rhen', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WE', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1502 : Partitioned from Isenburg-Isenburg ( Lower Isenburg )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Isenburg', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Isenburg was the name of a state of the Holy Roman Empire , based around Isenburg in modern Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany . It was created as a partition of the Niederlahngau in 1137 . It partitioned into Lower Isenburg and Isenburg-Braunsberg in 1199 .'}]}, {'value': '1554 : Extinct ; to Sayn-Wittgenstein', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sayn-Wittgenstein', 'summary': 'Sayn-Wittgenstein was a county of medieval Germany , located in the Sauerland of eastern North Rhine-Westphalia .'}]}, {'value': 'Isenburg-Offenbach', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Offenbach', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Offenbach was the name of a state of the Holy Roman Empire , based around Offenbach and Neu Isenburg ( built by the counts in 1699 ) in modern Hesse , Germany . It was created as a partition of Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein in 1628 . In 1711 the immediacy passed to Isenburg-Birstein while the line was partitioned into Isenburg-Eisenberg and Isenburg-Philippseich .'}]}, {'value': 'County', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Upp Rhen', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WT', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1628 : Partitioned from Isenburg-Birstein', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Birstein', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Birstein was the name of two German historical states centred on Birstein in southeastern Hesse , Germany . The first Isenburg-Birstein was a County and was created as a partition of Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein in 1628 . It was merged into Isenburg-Offenbach in 1664 . The second Isenburg-Birstein was a Principality , created as a partition of Isenburg-Offenbach in 1711 . It was renamed the Principality of Isenburg in 1806 .'}]}, {'value': '1685 : Partitioned into Isenburg-Philippseich , Isenburg-Birstein and Isenburg-Eisenberg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Philippseich', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Philippseich was a County of southern Hesse , Germany . It was created in 1711 as a partition of Isenburg-Offenbach , and was mediatised to Isenburg in 1806 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Birstein', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Birstein was the name of two German historical states centred on Birstein in southeastern Hesse , Germany . The first Isenburg-Birstein was a County and was created as a partition of Isenburg-Büdingen-Birstein in 1628 . It was merged into Isenburg-Offenbach in 1664 . The second Isenburg-Birstein was a Principality , created as a partition of Isenburg-Offenbach in 1711 . It was renamed the Principality of Isenburg in 1806 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Isenburg-Eisenberg', 'summary': 'Isenburg-Eisenberg was the name of a junior , non-immediate line of the House of Isenburg . It was partitioned from Isenburg-Offenbach in 1711 , and became extinct in 1758 .'}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'List of states in the Holy Roman Empire A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Z Free Imperial Cities - Imperial abbeys - Imperial Knights - Imperial Villages This is a list of states in the Holy Roman Empire beginning with the letter I :', 'uid': 'List_of_states_in_the_Holy_Roman_Empire_(I)_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of states in the Holy Roman Empire beginning with the letter I:'}
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What is the name of the state that was formed in the place that partitioned into Lower Isenburg and Isenburg-Braunsberg in 1199 ?
Isenburg-Grenzau
04a417db122eca2f
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_death_row_inmates_in_the_United_States', 'title': 'List of death row inmates in the United States', 'header': ['Name', 'Description of Crime', 'Time on Death Row', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Rodney Alcala', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rodney_Alcala', 'summary': "Rodney James Alcala ( born Rodrigo Jacques Alcala Buquor ; August 23 , 1943 ) is an American convicted rapist and serial killer who was sentenced to death in California for five murders committed in that state between 1977 and 1979 , and received an additional sentence of 25 years to life after pleading guilty to two homicides committed in New York in 1971 and 1977 . Alcala 's true victim count remains unknown , and could be much higher . Alcala compiled a collection of more than 1,000 photographs of women and teenage boys , many in sexually explicit poses . In 2016 , he was charged with the 1977 murder of a woman identified in one of his photos . Alcala is known to have assaulted one other photographic subject , and police have speculated that others could be rape or murder victims as well . Prosecutors have said that Alcala toyed with his victims , strangling them until they lost consciousness , then waiting until they revived , sometimes repeating this process several times before finally killing them . One police detective described Alcala as a killing machine , and others have compared him to Ted Bundy . Alcala is sometimes called the Dating Game Killer because of his 1978 appearance on the television show The Dating Game in the midst of his murder spree ."}]}, {'value': 'Five murders committed between 1977 and 1979', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9 years , 314 days', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Alcala 's victim count is unknown . He has been convicted of 7 homicides . Some sources estimate the number to be as high as 130", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rosie Alfaro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rosie_Alfaro', 'summary': "Maria del Rosio Rosie Alfaro ( born October 12 , 1971 ) is an American woman convicted of the 1990 murder of 9-year-old Autumn Wallace in Anaheim , California . She is currently on California 's death row ."}]}, {'value': 'Murder of nine-year-old Autumn Wallace', 'urls': []}, {'value': '27 years , 208 days', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alfaro was the first woman sentenced to death by gas chamber and the first woman in Orange County , California to get the death penalty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Richard Allen Davis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richard_Allen_Davis', 'summary': "Richard Allen Davis ( born June 2 , 1954 ) is an American convicted murderer , whose criminal record fueled support for passage of California 's three-strikes law for repeat offenders . He is currently on death row in Adjustment Center at San Quentin State Prison , California . He was convicted in 1996 of first-degree murder and four special circumstances ( robbery , burglary , kidnapping , and a lewd act on a child ) of 12-year-old Polly Klaas . Davis abducted Klaas on October 1 , 1993 , from her Petaluma , California , home . A San Jose , California , Superior Court jury returned a verdict of death on August 5 , 1996 . After the verdict was read , Davis stood and made an obscene finger gesture at the courtroom camera with both hands . Later , at his formal sentencing , Davis read a statement claiming that Klaas had said to Davis , Just do n't do me like my dad , just before Davis killed her , implying that Klaas 's father was a child molester . Polly 's father , Marc Klaas , lunged at the defendant but was restrained by the bailiffs . Klaas then left the courtroom to avoid causing further commotion . Judge Thomas C. Hastings proceeded with the formality of the death sentence , saying Mr. Davis , this is always a traumatic and emotional decision for a judge . You made it very easy today by your conduct ."}]}, {'value': 'Murder of Polly Klaas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murder_of_Polly_Klaas', 'summary': "Polly Hannah Klaas ( January 3 , 1981 - October 1 , 1993 ) was an American murder victim whose case garnered national media attention . On October 1 , 1993 , at the age of twelve , she was kidnapped at knife point during a slumber party at her mother 's home in Petaluma , California . She was later strangled . Richard Allen Davis was convicted of her murder in 1996 and sentenced to death ."}]}, {'value': '23 years , 186 days', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Richard Delmer Boyer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richard_Delmer_Boyer', 'summary': 'Richard Delmer Boyer is an American man convicted of murdering an elderly couple .'}]}, {'value': 'Murdered an elderly couple in 1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': '35 years , 55 days', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Luis Bracamontes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luis_Bracamontes', 'summary': "Luis Enrique Monroy Bracamontes is a convicted murderer who killed police officers in Northern California . On 24 October 2014 , Bracamontes opened fire on three Northern California sheriff 's deputies , killing two and wounding the third while a civilian was also wounded in the shooting . Bracamontes is a citizen of Mexico and a convicted drug dealer who was in the United States illegally . Bracamontes was sentenced to death in 2018 . Bracamontes ' case earned attention during the 2018 midterm elections when the Trump administration ran an ad blaming Democrats for the murders by Bracamontes . Fact-checkers found the assertions about Democrats in the ad to be false and the ad was described as racist . Cable channels such as Fox News , CNN and NBC stopped airing the ad and Facebook banned it from its platform ."}]}, {'value': 'Shot and killed Sacramento County sheriffs deputy Danny Oliver and Placer County detective Michael Davis Jr. in October 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1 year , 288 days', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vincent Brothers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vincent_Brothers', 'summary': "Vincent Brothers ( born May 31 , 1962 ) is an American mass murderer convicted of killing his wife , their three children and his mother-in-law . Brothers was the former vice principal of John C. Fremont Elementary School in Bakersfield , California and holds a Master 's degree in education from California State University Bakersfield and a Bachelor 's degree from Norfolk State University . Brothers , who had months earlier married his wife for the second time , was convicted of killing her , their new baby , two toddlers and his mother-in-law on July 6 , 2003 . He attempted to create an alibi by flying to Columbus , Ohio under the pretext of visiting his brother . He drove his rental car to Bakersfield , murdered his family members , and returned to Ohio . Forensic analysis of the rental car showed insects native to states west of the Rocky Mountains and odometer readings that supported the round-trip to California . Brothers was convicted of first-degree murders with special circumstance of multiple murder and was ultimately sentenced to death ."}]}, {'value': 'Murdered his wife , mother-in-law and three children', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12 years , 133 days', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'In 2003 , Vincent Brothers drove from Columbus , Ohio to Bakersfield , California nonstop to murder his family . He then drove back to Columbus and then flew back to California to find his family murdered . He was on trial 2 years later and convicted on all counts', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Albert Greenwood Brown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albert_Greenwood_Brown', 'summary': "Albert Greenwood Brown , Jr. ( born August 18 , 1954 ) is an American who has been convicted of sexual molestation with force of a minor , two counts of first-degree rape with force , and the first-degree murder of a teen girl in Riverside , California . He was scheduled to die by lethal injection at 9 p.m. on September 30 , 2010 , in California 's first use of capital punishment since the lifting of a court-ordered moratorium . The use of lethal injection had been suspended in the state since February 2006 because of objections of cruel and unusual punishment for shortcomings of the facilities and procedures previously in use at San Quentin State Prison . Brown 's lawyers appealed to block their client 's execution , with the execution initially planned to be carried out in a new facility at the prison that is certified to use either a single or three-drug protocol . The US Ninth Court of Appeals ordered US District Judge Jeremy D. Fogel to review the case and noted that the execution date may have been influenced by the fact that the prison 's inventory of sodium thiopental , one of the drugs required for lethal injection , would expire on October 1 , 2010 . Judge Fogel halted the execution to permit time to review whether the new injection procedures addressed previous objections . On September 29 , 2010 , the Supreme Court of California unanimously denied an appeal by the state to proceed by the end of the month . Brown 's execution was then delayed because the prison 's supply of the lethal injection drug had expired . The manufacturer of sodium thiopental stated that new supplies would not be available until 2011 ."}]}, {'value': "Brown was convicted for the abduction , rape , and murder of 15-year-old Susan Louise Jordan on her way to school . Brown posed as a jogger and dragged her into the woods , and then strangled her with her shoelace . Brown then made numerous calls to the Riverside Police Department and the Jordan residence . One of Brown 's subsequent calls was recorded by a police officer . Hello , Mrs. Jordan , Susie is n't home from school yet , is she ? You will never see your daughter again . You can find her body on the corner of Victoria and Gibson . Brown was arrested after witnesses identified his license plate number . In his residence , police found Susan 's books , a newspaper article about the case , and a Riverside telephone book bookmarked to the page of the Jordan home . Brown was late to work on the day she disappeared , a bloody jogging suit was found in his locker and Brown 's shoes were matched to footprints from the crime scene", 'urls': []}, {'value': '37 years , 342 days', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Prior to his arrest for Jordan 's murder , he was previously convicted of molesting an 11-year-old and a 14-year-old girl . The latter of which he was on parole for at the time of Jordan 's murder", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Carpenter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Carpenter', 'summary': 'David Joseph Carpenter ( born May 6 , 1930 ) , a.k.a . the Trailside Killer , is an American serial killer known for stalking and murdering a variety of individuals on hiking trails in state parks near San Francisco , California . Carpenter killed at least ten individuals , with two attempted victims , Steven Haertle and Lois Rinna , surviving . He used a .38 caliber handgun in all but one of the killings ; a .44 caliber handgun was used in the killing of Edda Kane on Mount Tamalpais .'}]}, {'value': 'Carpenter was convicted of the murders of four women and one man in 1979-1980 on hiking trails near San Francisco , California . He is known as the Trailside Killer', 'urls': []}, {'value': '35 years , 216 days', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Carpenter is suspected in the murders of at least two other women . In 2009 , DNA evidence from another murder victim , Mary Frances Bennett , was identified as matching Carpenter 's DNA", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dean Carter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dean_Carter', 'summary': "Dean Phillip Carter ( born August 30 , 1955 ) is a convicted spree killer currently housed on San Quentin , California 's Death row . He has been convicted ( trials ) of the murder of four women : Susan Knoll , Jillette Mills , Bonnie Guthrie , and Janette Cullins . He was also implicated in the death of Tok Chum Kim . On March 25 , 1984 Carter raped a woman who survived his attack ."}]}, {'value': 'Carter was convicted of raping and strangling five women in April 1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30 years , 0 days', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Steven David Catlin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steven_David_Catlin', 'summary': 'Steven David Catlin ( born 1944 ) is a convicted American serial killer . He is currently housed in San Quentin State Prison .'}]}, {'value': 'Catlin was convicted of poisoning two of his wives and his adoptive mother', 'urls': []}, {'value': '29 years , 212 days', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Doug Clark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Doug_Clark_(serial_killer)', 'summary': 'Douglas Daniel Clark ( born March 10 , 1948 ) is an American serial killer . Clark and his accomplice , Carol M. Bundy , were collectively known as the Sunset Strip Killers . They were accused and subsequently convicted of a variety of murders in Los Angeles , California .'}]}, {'value': 'Rape , murder , necrophilia , seven female victims , six convictions', 'urls': []}, {'value': '36 years , 320 days', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Along with accomplice Carol M. Bundy known as the Sunset Strip Killers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carol_M._Bundy', 'summary': 'Carol M. Bundy ( August 26 , 1942 - December 9 , 2003 ) was an American serial killer . Bundy and Doug Clark became collectively known as the Sunset Strip Killers after being convicted of a series of murders in Los Angeles during the late spring and early summer of 1980 . The victims were young sex workers or runaways .'}]}, {'value': 'Cynthia Coffman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cynthia_Coffman_(murderer)', 'summary': "Cynthia Lynn Coffman ( born January 19 , 1962 ) is an American woman convicted in the 1986 deaths of two women in California . She was convicted along with her boyfriend , James Marlow . Coffman admits to committing the murders , but insists she suffered from battered woman syndrome . She was sentenced to death and is sitting on death row in Central California Women 's Facility ."}]}, {'value': 'Convicted along with her boyfriend James Marlow of the murders of four women from October to November 1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30 years , 160 days', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Coffman admits to committing the murders , but insists she suffered from battered-woman syndrome', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Battered_person_syndrome', 'summary': 'ICD9 code 995.81 shows the syndrome as including battered person/man/spouse syndrome NEC , and any person presenting with identified physical descriptors rather than psychological descriptors falls under the general heading of Adult physical abuse , classified under Injury and Poisoning . DSM-IV-TR does not provide a distinct diagnostic category for reactions to battering . Rather the diverse reactions of battered people are treated as separate diagnoses , for example , posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD ) or depression .'}]}, {'value': 'Kevin Cooper', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kevin_Cooper_(inmate)', 'summary': "Kevin Cooper ( born January 8 , 1958 ) is a death row inmate currently held in California 's San Quentin Prison . Cooper was convicted of four murders that occurred in the Chino Hills area of California in 1983. Cooper also admitted in court to the kidnap and rape of an underage female in Pennsylvania during a burglary attempt and was accused of rape by a second woman in California . Since his arrest , Cooper , who is African American , has become active in writing letters from prison asserting his innocence , protesting racism in the American criminal justice system , and opposing the death penalty . Cooper 's habeas corpus petitions have been denied . The evidence in the case has been reviewed during the original trial , by the California Supreme Court , by the United States District Court , and by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals . In 2007 , two judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit wrote that As the district court , and all state courts , have repeatedly found , evidence of Cooper 's guilt was overwhelming . The tests that he asked for to show his innocence 'once and for all ' show nothing of the sort . In a concurring opinion , however , Judge Margaret McKeown said she was troubled that the court could not resolve the question of Cooper 's guilt once and for all and noted that significant evidence bearing on Cooper 's culpability has been lost , destroyed or left unpursued . In a dissenting opinion written in 2009 , Judge William A. Fletcher began by stating : the State of California may be about to execute an innocent man . Fletcher wrote that the police may have tampered with the evidence and that the Ninth Circuit should have reheard the case en banc and should have ordered the district judge to give Cooper the fair hearing he has never had . Five judges joined in Fletcher 's dissent and five more stated that Cooper has never had a fair hearing to determine his innocence ."}]}, {'value': "Cooper was convicted of axing and stabbing Douglas and Peggy Ryen , their daughter Jessica , and their son Joshua 's friend Christopher Hughes . 8-year-old Joshua survived the attack", 'urls': []}, {'value': '34 years , 262 days', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tiequon Cox', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tiequon_Cox', 'summary': "Tiequon Aundray Lil Fee Cox ( born December 1 , 1965 ) is a convicted murderer currently incarcerated in San Quentin State Prison . Cox became one of the prime suspects of a mass murder investigation concerning the deaths of Ebora Alexander , aged 59 , Dietra Alexander , aged 25 , two boys Damon Bonner , aged 6 , and Damani Garner-Alexander , aged 12 . These four were relatives of former NFL defensive back Kermit Alexander . Cox was also a noted member of the Rollin ' 60 , one of the many sets affiliated to the Crips , and actually still on parole on an unrelated charge ."}]}, {'value': 'Cox was convicted of shooting four relatives of former NFL player Kermit Alexander', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kermit_Alexander', 'summary': "Kermit Joseph Alexander ( born January 4 , 1941 ) is a former American football defensive back in the National Football League . He was on the Board of Directors for the Lott IMPACT Trophy , which is named after Pro Football Hall of Fame defensive back Ronnie Lott , and is awarded annually to college football 's defensive IMPACT Player of the Year ."}]}, {'value': '33 years , 276 days', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scott Erskine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scott_Erskine', 'summary': "Scott Thomas Erskine ( born December 22 , 1962 ) is an American serial killer on California 's death row , convicted in 2003 for the 1993 murder of two California boys . He is currently incarcerated at San Quentin State Prison ."}]}, {'value': 'In 1989 , Erskine raped and drowned a woman . Four years later , he raped and strangled two young boys , 13-year-old Charlie Keever and 9-year-old Jonathan Sellers', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15 years , 153 days', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Richard Farley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richard_Farley', 'summary': 'Richard Wade Farley ( born July 25 , 1948 ) is an American convicted mass murderer . A former employee of ESL Incorporated in Sunnyvale , California , he stalked his co-worker Laura Black for four years beginning in 1984 . Black obtained a temporary restraining order against him on February 2 , 1988 , with a court date set for February 17 , 1988 to make the order permanent . On February 16 , 1988 , Richard Farley shot and killed seven people at ESL and wounded four others , including Laura Black . He was convicted of seven counts of first degree murder , and is currently on death row at San Quentin .'}]}, {'value': 'Shot and killed 7 people and wounded 4 others , including Laura Black , a former coworker Farley had been stalking for 4 years prior to his rampage', 'urls': []}, {'value': '28 years , 21 days', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wayne Adam Ford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wayne_Adam_Ford', 'summary': 'Wayne Adam Ford ( born December 3 , 1961 ) is an American serial killer .'}]}, {'value': 'Confessed to killing four women in 1997 and 1998 but is thought to have killed others', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13 years , 190 days', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Ford was arrested after he walked into the Humboldt County Sheriff Department in Eureka , California in November 1998 with a woman 's severed breast in his pocket", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lonnie David Franklin Jr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grim_Sleeper', 'summary': 'Lonnie David Franklin Jr. [ citation needed ] ( born August 30 , 1952 ) , [ citation needed ] better known by the nickname Grim Sleeper , is an American convicted serial killer awaiting execution who was responsible for at least ten murders and one attempted murder in Los Angeles , California . Franklin earned his nickname when he appeared to have taken a 14-year break from his crimes , from 1988 to 2002 . In July 2010 , Franklin was arrested as a suspect , and , after many delays , his trial began in February 2016 . On May 5 , 2016 , the jury convicted him of killing nine women and one teenage girl . On June 6 , 2016 , the jury recommended the death penalty , and on August 10 , 2016 , the Los Angeles Superior Court sentenced him to death for each of the ten victims named in the verdict .'}]}, {'value': 'Committed ten murders between 1985 and 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3 years , 174 days', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Serial killer known as the Grim Sleeper', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ryan Hoyt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ryan_Hoyt', 'summary': 'Ryan James Hoyt ( born August 10 , 1979 ) was an associate of Jesse James Hollywood and was convicted of the murder of Nicholas Markowitz on August 9 , 2000 . He reportedly owed Hollywood money for drugs and was offered the opportunity to kill Markowitz as a way of erasing his debt . During his trial , Hoyt took the stand and told the court he did not remember confessing to killing Markowitz . In November 2001 , Hoyt was convicted of first-degree murder and was sentenced to death . In the film Alpha Dog , the character Elvis Schmidt was modeled after Hoyt . The role was played by actor Shawn Hatosy .'}]}, {'value': 'Murder of Nicholas Markowitz in 2000', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murder_of_Nicholas_Markowitz', 'summary': 'Nicholas Samuel Nick Markowitz ( September 19 , 1984 - August 9 , 2000 ) was an American teenager who was kidnapped and murdered at the age of 15 after a feud over drug money between his half-brother Benjamin Markowitz and Jesse James Hollywood .'}]}, {'value': '18 years , 69 days', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Hughes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Hughes_(serial_killer)', 'summary': 'Michael Hughes ( born c. 1956 ) is an American serial killer convicted and sentenced to life without parole for the murders of four women and girls in California , and later , in another trial , sentenced to death for the murders of three other women .'}]}, {'value': 'Raped and strangled at least four women between 1986 and 1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7 years , 220 days', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'In 1998 , Hughes was originally sentenced to life without parole', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'List of death row inmates by jurisdiction -- California', 'section_text': 'Main article : Capital punishment in California Currently on death row : 737 ( as of December 13 , 2019 [ update ] ) [ 28 ] Total number executed : 722 ( 1700–2006 ) [ 18 ] [ 29 ] Due to the high number of California death row inmates , only prisoners with Wikipedia pages are listed in this article . A full list is externally linked : List of death row inmates in California', 'uid': 'List_of_United_States_death_row_inmates_4', 'intro': 'As of October 1, 2019, there were 2,639 death row inmates in the United States. The number of death row inmates changes daily with new convictions, appellate decisions overturning conviction or sentence alone, commutations, or deaths (through execution or otherwise). Due to this fluctuation as well as lag and inconsistencies in inmate reporting procedures across jurisdictions, the information in this article may be out of date.'}
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what is the description of the crime by the person born October 12 , 1971 ?
Murder of nine-year-old Autumn Wallace
04a4bde1e7f1d2c8
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_with_Regis_and_Kelly_(season_22)', 'title': 'Live with Regis and Kelly (season 22)', 'header': ['Date', 'Co-Hosts', 'Guests/Segments'], 'data': [{'value': 'August 2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kelly Ripa & Piers Morgan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Piers_Morgan', 'summary': "Piers Stefan Pughe-Morgan ( /pɪərs/ ; né O'Meara ; born 30 March 1965 ) is an English broadcaster , journalist , writer , and television personality . He is currently a co-presenter of the ITV Breakfast programme Good Morning Britain from Monday to Wednesday each week . Morgan began his career in Fleet Street as a writer and editor for several tabloid papers , including The Sun , News of the World , and the Daily Mirror . In 1994 , aged 29 , he was appointed editor of the News of the World by Rupert Murdoch , which made him the youngest editor of a British national newspaper in more than half a century . On television , he hosted Piers Morgan Live on CNN from 2011 to 2014 , replacing Larry King Live in the timeslot following King 's retirement . He was a judge on America 's Got Talent and Britain 's Got Talent . In 2008 , Morgan won the seventh season of the US Celebrity Apprentice . In the UK , he has presented Piers Morgan 's Life Stories since 2009 , and Good Morning Britain since 2015 . Morgan has written eight books , including four volumes of memoirs . Morgan has made a number of controversial comments and subject of thousands of complaints since he started anchoring Good Morning Britain . While working at Daily Mirror , he was in charge during the period that the paper was implicated in the phone hacking scandal . In 2011 , Morgan denied having ever hacked a phone or to my knowledge published any story obtained from the hacking of a phone ."}]}, {'value': "Eva Mendes , Rachel Zoe , Doggie Do 's and Don'ts Week", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eva_Mendes', 'summary': "Eva de la Caridad Méndez , known professionally as Eva Mendes ( /ˈmɛndɛz/ ; born March 5 , 1974 ) , is an American actress and businesswoman . Her acting career began in the late 1990s , with a series of roles in films such as Children of the Corn V : Fields of Terror ( 1998 ) and Urban Legends : Final Cut ( 2000 ) . Mendes 's performance in Training Day ( 2001 ) marked a turning point in her career , and led to parts in the commercially successful films 2 Fast 2 Furious ( 2003 ) and Hitch ( 2005 ) . She starred in Ghost Rider ( 2007 ) and The Spirit ( 2008 ) , both film adaptations of comics , and ventured into more dramatic territory with We Own the Night ( 2007 ) , Bad Lieutenant ( 2009 ) , Last Night ( 2010 ) , and The Place Beyond the Pines ( 2012 ) . Her other films include Out of Time ( 2003 ) , The Women ( 2008 ) , The Other Guys ( 2010 ) , and Girl in Progress ( 2012 ) . Mendes has appeared in several music videos for artists like Will Smith , and has also been an ambassador for brands , including Calvin Klein , Cartier , Reebok , Pantene shampoo , Morgan , and Peek & Cloppenburg . She has designed for New York & Company and is the creative director of CIRCA Beauty , a makeup line sold at Walgreens . She has been in a relationship with Canadian actor Ryan Gosling since 2011 , and they have two daughters ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rachel_Zoe', 'summary': 'Rachel Zoe Rosenzweig ( born September 1 , 1971 ) is an American fashion designer , businesswoman , and writer . She has been involved in the fashion industry for nearly two decades . From 2008 until 2013 , Zoe starred in the Bravo reality television series The Rachel Zoe Project .'}]}, {'value': 'August 3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': "Cat Deeley , Mike Posner , Doggie Do 's and Don'ts Week", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cat_Deeley', 'summary': "Catherine Elizabeth Cat Deeley ( born 23 October 1976 ) is an English television presenter , model , actress , journalist , television producer , dancer , singer and media personality based in the UK and the United States . From 1998 to 2002 , she hosted the children 's programme SMTV Live and its spin-off chart show CD : UK . In 2001 , she won a BAFTA Children 's Award for hosting SMTV Live . She has also hosted Fame Academy on the BBC , and the 2004 Brit Awards . Deeley became the presenter of Stars In Their Eyes from 2003 to 2006 , taking over from Matthew Kelly . Since 2006 , Deeley has been the host of So You Think You Can Dance in the United States , for which she has been nominated five times for a Primetime Emmy . Since 2003 , Deeley has been a patron of London 's Great Ormond Street Hospital for sick children . In December 2009 , she was made a UNICEF UK ambassador . She is married to Northern Irish comedian and television personality Patrick Kielty ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mike_Posner_(musician)', 'summary': "Michael Robert Henrion Posner ( /ˈpoʊznər/ POHZ-nər ; born February 12 , 1988 ) is an American singer , songwriter , rapper , poet , and record producer . Posner released his debut album , 31 Minutes to Takeoff , on August 10 , 2010 . The album includes the US Billboard Hot 100 top 10 single Cooler than Me as well as the top 20 single Please Do n't Go . In 2016 he released his second album , At Night , Alone . A remix of his 2015 single I Took a Pill in Ibiza from the album peaked in the top 10 on the charts in 27 countries around the world , including hitting number one in many and the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 in the United States . He has written songs for a great number of fellow artists . In March 2017 , he released his first book of poetry , Tear Drops & Balloons . Posner is also a member of the alternative hip-hop and R & B duo Mansionz with Matthew Musto ( aka blackbear ) . On April 15 , 2019 , Posner started to walk across the continental United States , from New Jersey to California . He completed the journey on October 18 , 2019 ( 2851 miles in 186 days ) , after surviving a rattlesnake bite in August 2019 in Colorado ."}]}, {'value': 'August 4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': "Will Ferrell , Doggie Do 's and Don'ts Week", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Will_Ferrell', 'summary': "John William Ferrell ( /ˈfɛrəl/ ; born July 16 , 1967 ) is an American actor , comedian , producer , writer and businessman . He first established himself in the mid-1990s as a cast member on the NBC sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live , and has subsequently starred in comedy films such as Anchorman : The Legend of Ron Burgundy ( 2004 ) , Talladega Nights ( 2006 ) , Step Brothers ( 2008 ) , The Other Guys ( 2010 ) and Anchorman 2 : The Legend Continues ( 2013 ) , all but one of which he co-wrote with his comedy partner Adam McKay . The two also founded the comedy website Funny or Die in 2007 . Other film roles include Elf , Old School ( both 2003 ) , Blades of Glory ( 2007 ) , Daddy 's Home ( 2015 ) , and the animated films Megamind ( 2010 ) and The Lego Movie ( 2014 ) . Ferrell is considered a member of the Frat Pack , a generation of leading Hollywood comic actors who emerged in the late 1990s and the 2000s , including Jack Black , Ben Stiller , Steve Carell , Vince Vaughn , and brothers Owen and Luke Wilson . He received an Emmy Award nomination for his work on Saturday Night Live , and three Golden Globe Award nominations for acting in The Producers ( 2005 ) and Stranger than Fiction ( 2006 ) and for producing Vice ( 2018 ) . He was also named the best comedian of 2015 in the British GQ Men of the Year awards . Ferrell received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on March 24 , 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'August 5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': "Christiane Amanpour , The Bachelorette , Doggie Do 's and Don'ts Week", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christiane_Amanpour', 'summary': "Christiane Maria Heideh Amanpour CBE ( /ˌkrɪstʃiˈɑːn ˌɑːmənˈpʊər/ ( listen ) ; Persian : كرستين امانپور , romanized : Kristiane Amānpur ; born 12 January 1958 ) is a British-Iranian journalist and television host . Amanpour is the Chief International Anchor for CNN and host of CNN International 's nightly interview program Amanpour . She is also the host of Amanpour & Company on PBS ."}, {'url': '/wiki/The_Bachelorette', 'summary': 'The Bachelorette is an American reality television dating game show that debuted on ABC on January 8 , 2003 . The show is a spin-off of The Bachelor that airs on the same network . The first season featured Trista Rehn , the runner-up date from the first season of The Bachelor , offering the opportunity for Rehn to choose a husband among 25 bachelors . The 2004 season of The Bachelorette again took a runner-up from the previous season of The Bachelor . After last airing on February 28 , 2005 , the series returned to ABC during the spring of 2008 , following an absence of three years . On August 5 , 2019 , the series was renewed for a sixteenth season .'}]}, {'value': 'August 6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': "Dylan McDermott , Doggie Do 's and Don'ts Week , Coast-to-Coast Firehouse Cook-Off", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dylan_McDermott', 'summary': 'Dylan McDermott ( born Mark Anthony McDermott ; October 26 , 1961 ) is an American actor . He is best known for his role as lawyer and law firm head Bobby Donnell on the legal drama series The Practice , which earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series - Drama and a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series . McDermott is also known for his roles in the first two seasons of FX horror anthology series American Horror Story , entitled American Horror Story : Murder House and American Horror Story : Asylum , portraying Ben Harmon and Johnny Morgan , respectively . He reprised his role as Ben Harmon in American Horror Story : Apocalypse , the eighth season of the series . He appeared as Bruce in American Horror Story : 1984 , the ninth season of the series . He also starred as Lt. Carter Shaw on the TNT series Dark Blue and starred in two short-lived CBS dramas , Hostages and Stalker .'}]}, {'value': 'August 9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kelly Ripa & Anderson Cooper', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Anderson_Cooper', 'summary': "Anderson Hays Cooper ( born June 3 , 1967 ) is an American journalist , television personality , and author . He is the primary anchor of the CNN news show Anderson Cooper 360° . The program is usually broadcast live from a New York City studio ; however , Cooper often broadcasts live from CNN 's studios in Washington , D.C. , or on location for breaking news stories . In addition , he is a correspondent for 60 Minutes . From September 2011 to May 2013 , he also served as host of his own eponymous syndicated daytime talk show , Anderson Live ."}]}, {'value': 'Julia Roberts , Buddy Valastro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julia_Roberts', 'summary': "Julia Fiona Roberts ( born October 28 , 1967 ) is an American actress and producer . She established herself as a leading lady in Hollywood after headlining the romantic comedy film Pretty Woman ( 1990 ) , which grossed $ 464 million worldwide . She has won three Golden Globe Awards , from eight nominations , and has been nominated for four Academy Awards for her film acting , winning the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Erin Brockovich ( 2000 ) . Her films have collectively brought box office receipts of over US $ 2.8 billion , making her one of the most bankable actresses in Hollywood . Her most successful films include Mystic Pizza ( 1988 ) , Steel Magnolias ( 1989 ) , Pretty Woman ( 1990 ) , Sleeping with the Enemy ( 1991 ) , The Pelican Brief ( 1993 ) , My Best Friend 's Wedding ( 1997 ) , Notting Hill ( 1999 ) , Runaway Bride ( 1999 ) , Erin Brockovich ( 2000 ) , Ocean 's Eleven ( 2001 ) , Ocean 's Twelve ( 2004 ) , Charlie Wilson 's War ( 2007 ) , Valentine 's Day ( 2010 ) , Eat Pray Love ( 2010 ) , Money Monster ( 2016 ) , and Wonder ( 2017 ) . Roberts was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Limited Series or Movie for her performance in the HBO television film The Normal Heart ( 2014 ) . In 2018 , she starred in the Prime Video psychological thriller series Homecoming . Roberts was the highest-paid actress in the world throughout most of the 1990s and in the first half of the 2000s . Her fee for 1990 's Pretty Woman was US $ 300,000 ; in 2003 , she was paid an unprecedented $ 25 million for her role in Mona Lisa Smile ( 2003 ) . As of 2017 [ update ] , Roberts 's net worth was estimated to be $ 170 million . People magazine has named her the most beautiful woman in the world a record five times ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cake_Boss', 'summary': "Cake Boss is an American reality television series , airing on the cable television network TLC . The show follows the operations of Carlo 's Bake Shop , an Italian-American family-owned business in Hoboken , New Jersey owned and operated by siblings Buddy Valastro ( to whom the series ' title refers ) , Lisa Valastro ( Buddy 's sister ) , Maddalena Castano , Grace Faugno and Mary Sciarrone . The show focuses on how they make their edible art cakes , and the interpersonal relationships among the various family members and other employees who work at the shop . The series premiered on April 19 , 2009 , and has spawned four spin-off 's : Next Great Baker , Kitchen Boss , Bake You Rich , and Bakery Boss . On January 26 , 2015 , Cake Boss was renewed for two additional seasons . New episodes returned in May 2019 with the show moving to TLC 's sister network , Discovery Family ."}]}, {'value': 'August 10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Sylvester Stallone , Gabourey Sidibe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sylvester_Stallone', 'summary': "Sylvester Enzio Stallone ( /stəˈloʊn/ ; born Michael Sylvester Gardenzio Stallone , July 6 , 1946 ) is an American actor , director , screenwriter , and producer . After his beginnings as a struggling actor for a number of years upon arriving to New York City in 1969 and later Hollywood in 1974 , he won his first critical acclaim as an actor for his co-starring role as Stanley Rosiello in The Lords of Flatbush . Stallone mostly only found gradual work as an extra or side character in films with a sizeable budget until he achieved his greatest critical and commercial success as an actor , starting in 1976 with his self-created role as the boxer Rocky Balboa , in the first film of the successful Rocky series ( 1976-2018 ) . In the films , Rocky is portrayed as an underdog fighter that does battle with numerous brutal opponents , and wins the world heavyweight championship twice . The last two entries in the series are Creed and Creed 2 , that serve as spin-off films focusing on Adonis Creed , the son of the ill-fated boxer Apollo Creed , to whom the long retired Rocky is a mentor . Reprising the role during the 2010s brought Stallone praise , and his first Golden Globe award for the first Creed , as well as a third Oscar nomination , having been first nominated for the same role 40 years prior . Stallone had similar box-office success , portraying the PTSD plagued soldier John Rambo in the five Rambo films ( 1982-2019 ) and as mercenary Barney Ross in the three The Expendables films ( 2010-2014 ) . He wrote or co-wrote most of the films in his three biggest franchises , and directed many of them . Stallone 's film Rocky was inducted into the National Film Registry , and had its props placed in the Smithsonian Museum . His use of the front entrance to the Philadelphia Museum of Art in the Rocky series led the area to be nicknamed the Rocky Steps , and Philadelphia has a statue of his Rocky character placed permanently near the museum . It was announced on December 7 , 2010 that he was voted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in the non-participant category . In 1977 , Stallone was nominated for two Academy Awards for Rocky , for Best Original Screenplay and Best Actor ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gabourey_Sidibe', 'summary': 'Gabourey Sidibe ( /ˈɡæbəˌreɪ ˈsɪdɪˌbeɪ/ GAB-ə-ray SID-i-bay ; born May 6 , 1983 ) is an American actress . Sidibe made her acting debut in the 2009 film Precious , a role that earned her the Independent Spirit Award for Best Female Lead , in addition to nominations for the Golden Globe and Academy Award for Best Actress . Her other film roles include Tower Heist ( 2011 ) , White Bird in a Blizzard ( 2014 ) , and Grimsby ( 2016 ) . From 2010 to 2013 , she was a main cast member of the Showtime series The Big C. Sidibe co-starred on the television series American Horror Story : Coven ( 2013-2014 ) as Queenie and American Horror Story : Freak Show ( 2014-2015 ) as Regina Ross , and later reprised her role as Queenie in American Horror Story : Hotel ( 2015-2016 ) and American Horror Story : Apocalypse ( 2018 ) . Since 2015 , she stars in the Fox musical drama series Empire as Becky Williams .'}]}, {'value': 'August 11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Anthony Edwards , Jessica Szohr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anthony_Edwards', 'summary': 'Anthony Charles Edwards ( born July 19 , 1962 ) is an American actor and director . He is most widely known for his role as Dr. Mark Greene on the first eight seasons of ER , for which he received a Golden Globe award and six Screen Actors Guild Awards , and was nominated for four consecutive Primetime Emmy Awards . Additionally , he has appeared in various movies and television shows , including Top Gun , Zodiac , Miracle Mile , Revenge of the Nerds , Planes , Northern Exposure and Designated Survivor .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Jessica_Szohr', 'summary': "Jessica Karen Szohr ( /ˈzɔːr/ ; born March 31 , 1985 ) is an American actress . She started her screen career appearing on television shows such as My Wife and Kids ( 2003 ) , Joan of Arcadia ( 2004 ) , What About Brian ( 2007 ) and CSI : Miami ( 2007 ) . She gained recognition in 2007 with her breakthrough role as Vanessa Abrams on The CW 's teen drama series Gossip Girl ( 2007-12 ) . She has appeared in feature films including the horror film Piranha 3D ( 2010 ) , the comedy film I Do n't Know How She Does It ( 2011 ) , the comedy film The Internship ( 2013 ) and the comedy film Ted 2 ( 2015 ) . Her recent television credits include Complications ( 2015 ) , Kingdom ( 2015 ) , Twin Peaks ( 2017 ) and Shameless ( 2017-18 ) . In 2018 , she joined the cast during the second season of the science fiction series The Orville ."}]}, {'value': 'August 12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Jason Bateman , Chris Bosh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jason_Bateman', 'summary': 'Jason Kent Bateman ( born January 14 , 1969 ) is an American actor , director , and producer . He began acting on television in the early 1980s on Little House on the Prairie , Silver Spoons , and The Hogan Family . In the 2000s , he became known for his role of Michael Bluth using deadpan comedy in the sitcom Arrested Development , for which he won a Golden Globe and a Satellite Award . He has also starred in the films Teen Wolf Too ( 1987 ) , The Break-Up ( 2006 ) , Juno ( 2007 ) , Hancock ( 2008 ) , Up in the Air , Couples Retreat , Extract ( all 2009 ) , The Switch ( 2010 ) , Horrible Bosses ( 2011 ) and its sequel ( 2014 ) , The Gift ( 2015 ) , Office Christmas Party , Zootopia ( both 2016 ) and Game Night ( 2018 ) . Bateman made his directorial debut with the black comedy Bad Words ( 2013 ) , in which he also starred . He has since directed and starred in The Family Fang ( 2015 ) and the Netflix crime drama series Ozark ( 2017-present ) . Bateman was awarded the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series in 2019 for his directing of Ozark and has won a Screen Actors Guild Award for his performance .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Chris_Bosh', 'summary': "Christopher Wesson Bosh ( born March 24 , 1984 ) is an American former professional basketball player . A Texas Mr. Basketball in high school , Bosh played one season of college basketball for Georgia Tech before declaring for the 2003 NBA draft . He was selected fourth overall by the Toronto Raptors . While at Toronto , Bosh became a five-time NBA All-Star , was named to the All-NBA Second Team once , played for the U.S. national team ( with whom he won a gold medal at the 2008 Summer Olympics ) , and supplanted former fan favorite Vince Carter as the face and leader of the Raptors franchise . In the 2006-07 season , Bosh led the Raptors to their first playoff appearance in five years and their first-ever division title . Bosh was nicknamed CB4 by then-Toronto Raptors play-by-play commentator Chuck Swirsky , a combination of Bosh 's initials and then jersey number and a reference to the film of the same name . He left Toronto in 2010 as the franchise 's all-time leader in points , rebounds , blocks , and minutes played . In 2010 , after seven seasons with the Raptors , Bosh entered into a sign-and-trade deal whereby he was traded to the Miami Heat . In Miami , he joined fellow stars Dwyane Wade and LeBron James ; the trio became known as the Big Three . Bosh spent the second half of his career with Miami , appearing in the NBA Finals each year from 2011 to 2014 and winning NBA titles in 2012 and 2013 . He made the NBA All-Star team every year during his time in Miami . His career was cut short by a blood clotting condition that the NBA ruled to be a career-ending illness ."}]}, {'value': 'August 13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Jimmy Fallon , Sara Rue , Coast-to-Coast Firehouse Cook-Off', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jimmy_Fallon', 'summary': "James Thomas Fallon ( born September 19 , 1974 ) is an American comedian , actor , television host , singer , writer , and producer . He is known for his work in television as a cast member on Saturday Night Live and as the host of late-night talk show The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon and before that Late Night with Jimmy Fallon . He grew up with an interest in comedy and music , moving to Los Angeles at 21 to pursue opportunities in stand-up comedy . He was commissioned to join NBC 's Saturday Night Live as a cast member in 1998 , fulfilling a lifelong dream . Fallon remained on SNL for six years between 1998 and 2004 , co-hosting the program 's Weekend Update segment and becoming a celebrity in the process . He left the program for the film industry , starring in films such as Taxi ( 2004 ) and Fever Pitch ( 2005 ) . Following his film career , Fallon returned to television as the host of Late Night with Jimmy Fallon on NBC studios in 2009 , where he became well known for his emphasis on music and video games . He moved from that program to become the sixth permanent host of the long-running The Tonight Show in 2014 . In addition to his television work , Fallon has released two comedy albums and five books ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sara_Rue', 'summary': 'Sara Rue ( born January 26 , 1979 ) is an American actress . She is known for her performances as Carmen Ferrara on Popular , and as Claude Casey on Less than Perfect . In 2011 , she hosted The CW reality series Shedding for the Wedding . She had a recurring role in the comedy Rules of Engagement , in which she played Brenda , the softball teammate and good friend of Jeff Bingham . She also had a regular role as Kim on the short-lived ABC sitcom Malibu Country , and appeared in the main cast of the TV Land comedy series Impastor . She is also known for her role as Olivia Caliban in the second season of A Series of Unfortunate Events .'}]}, {'value': 'August 16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kelly_Ripa', 'summary': 'Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Jonah Hill , Jane Lynch and Sarah McLachlan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jonah_Hill', 'summary': "Jonah Hill Feldstein ( born December 20 , 1983 ) is an American actor , director , producer , screenwriter , and comedian . Hill is known for his comedic roles in films including Superbad ( 2007 ) , Knocked Up ( 2007 ) , Forgetting Sarah Marshall ( 2008 ) , Get Him to the Greek ( 2010 ) , 21 Jump Street ( 2012 ) , This Is the End ( 2013 ) , and 22 Jump Street ( 2014 ) as well as his dramatic performances in Moneyball ( 2011 ) and The Wolf of Wall Street ( 2013 ) , for which he received Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actor . Hill ranked 28th on Forbes magazine 's ranking of world 's highest-paid actors from June 2014 to June 2015 , bringing in $ 16 million . As a screenwriter , he contributed to the stories of 21 Jump Street , 22 Jump Street , Sausage Party and Why Him ? . In 2018 , Hill starred in the Netflix dark comedy miniseries Maniac and made his directorial debut with the film Mid90s , from his own screenplay ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jane_Lynch', 'summary': "Jane Marie Lynch ( born July 14 , 1960 ) is an American actress , voice actress , author , singer and comedian . She is best known for her role as Sue Sylvester in the musical television series Glee . She also gained fame in Christopher Guest 's improv mockumentary pictures such as Best in Show . A native of Dolton , Illinois , Lynch 's television cameos include an appearance in the Nickelodeon situation comedy iCarly and the Showtime dark comedy series Weeds . Lynch had a recurring role in the Warner Bros. situation comedy Two and a Half Men from 2004 to 2014 and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for her performance in 2010 . She has also had other notable roles in numerous mainstream comedies , such as Talladega Nights : The Ballad of Ricky Bobby , The 40-Year-Old Virgin , Role Models and The Three Stooges . On September 4 , 2013 , Lynch received the 2,505th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in the category of television located at 6640 Hollywood Blvd . Lynch has lent her voice to multiple animated films , including Space Chimps , Ice Age : Dawn of the Dinosaurs , Shrek Forever After and Wreck-It Ralph . Since 2013 , she has hosted the NBC game show Hollywood Game Night , for which she has won two Emmy Awards . She has also hosted Earth Live for National Geographic ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sarah_McLachlan', 'summary': "Sarah Ann McLachlan OC OBC ( born January 28 , 1968 ) is a Canadian singer-songwriter known for her emotional ballads and mezzo-soprano vocal range . As of 2015 she had sold over 40 million albums worldwide . McLachlan 's best-selling album to date is Surfacing , for which she won two Grammy Awards ( out of four nominations ) and four Juno Awards . In addition to her personal artistic efforts , she founded the Lilith Fair tour , which showcased female musicians on an unprecedented scale . The Lilith Fair concert tours took place from 1997 to 1999 , and resumed in the summer of 2010 ."}]}, {'value': 'August 17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Shannon Murphy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/WKQI', 'summary': 'WKQI ( 95.5 MHz ) is an FM radio station serving Detroit , Michigan . Owned by iHeartMedia , it broadcasts a Top 40/CHR format branded as Channel 955 ( pronounced nine-five-five ) . WKQI transmits its signal with an effective radiated power of 100,000 watts from an antenna 430 feet in height located at the intersection of Greenfield Road and 10 Mile Road in suburban Oak Park in Oakland County , and has studios in Farmington Hills .'}]}, {'value': 'Emma Thompson , Joey Lawrence , winner of So You Think You Can Dance', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emma_Thompson', 'summary': "Dame Emma Thompson DBE ( born 15 April 1959 ) is a British actress , screenwriter , activist , author , and comedian . One of Britain 's most acclaimed actresses , she often portrays enigmatic and matronly characters with a sense of wit , frequently in period dramas and literary adaptations . She is the recipient of numerous accolades , including two Academy Awards , a Primetime Emmy Award , three BAFTA Awards , and two Golden Globe Awards . Born in London to English actor Eric Thompson and Scottish actress Phyllida Law , Thompson was educated at Newnham College , University of Cambridge , where she became a member of the Footlights troupe . After appearing in several comedy programmes , she came to prominence in 1987 in two BBC TV series , Tutti Frutti and Fortunes of War , winning the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress for her work in both series . Her first film role was in the 1989 romantic comedy The Tall Guy . In the early 1990s , she often collaborated with her then-husband , actor and director Kenneth Branagh . The pair became popular in the British media and co-starred in several films , including Dead Again ( 1991 ) and Much Ado About Nothing ( 1993 ) . In 1992 , Thompson won an Academy Award and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress for the period drama Howards End . In 1993 , she garnered dual Academy Award nominations for her roles in The Remains of the Day as the housekeeper of a grand household and In the Name of the Father as a lawyer . Thompson scripted and starred in Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) , which earned her numerous awards , including an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay , which makes her the only person to receive Academy Awards for both acting and writing , and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress . In 2013 , she received acclaim and several award nominations for her portrayal of author P. L. Travers in Saving Mr. Banks ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Joey_Lawrence', 'summary': 'Joseph Lawrence Mignogna Jr. ( born April 20 , 1976 ) is an American actor , musician , and game show host . He got his start as a child star in the early 1980s and is best known for his role as Joey Russo in Blossom . Lawrence also starred in the series Brotherly Love with his real-life brothers Matthew and Andrew .'}, {'url': '/wiki/So_You_Think_You_Can_Dance_(U.S._TV_series)', 'summary': "So You Think You Can Dance is an American televised dance competition show that airs on Fox in the United States and is the flagship series of the international So You Think You Can Dance television franchise . It was created by American Idol producers Simon Fuller and Nigel Lythgoe and is produced by 19 Entertainment and Dick Clark Productions The series premiered on July 20 , 2005 , with over ten million viewers and ended the summer season as the top-rated show on television . The first season was hosted by American news personality Lauren Sánchez . Since the second season , it has been hosted by former British children 's television personality and game show emcee Cat Deeley . The show features a format where dancers trained in a variety of dance genres enter open auditions held in a number of major U.S. cities to showcase their talents and move forward through successive additional rounds of auditions to test their ability to adapt to different styles . At the end of this process , a small number of dancers are chosen as finalists . These dancers move on to the competition 's main phase , where they perform solo , duet , and group dance numbers on live television , attempting to master a diverse selection of dance styles , including classical , contemporary , ballroom , hip-hop , street , club , jazz , and musical theatre styles , among others . They compete for the votes of the broadcast viewing audience which , combined with the input of a panel of judges , determines which dancers advance to the next stage from week to week , until a winner is crowned as America 's favorite dancer . So You Think You Can Dance has won seven Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Choreography and a total of nine Emmy Awards altogether . Licensed variations of the show , produced for broadcast markets in other nations , began airing in August 2005 , and dozens of localized adaptations of the show have been produced since , airing in 41 countries to date . The sixteenth season premiered June 3 , 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'August 18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Jayde Donovan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/WXXL', 'summary': 'WXXL ( 106.7 FM , XL106.7 ) is a Top 40 ( CHR ) radio station licensed to Tavares , Florida , United States . It primarily serves the Greater Orlando metropolitan area . The station is currently owned by iHeartMedia , broadcasting from its Maitland studio and transmitting from Winter Garden .'}]}, {'value': 'Maggie Gyllenhaal , Yo Gabba Gabba ! , Hat Trends', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maggie_Gyllenhaal', 'summary': "Margalit Ruth Gyllenhaal ( /ˈdʒɪlənhɔːl/ ; born November 16 , 1977 ) is an American actress and producer . Part of the Gyllenhaal family , she is the daughter of filmmakers Stephen Gyllenhaal and Naomi Achs , and the older sister of actor Jake Gyllenhaal . She began her career as a teenager with small roles in several of her father 's films , and appeared with her brother in the cult favorite Donnie Darko ( 2001 ) . She received critical acclaim for her starring roles in the independent films Secretary ( 2002 ) and Sherrybaby ( 2006 ) , earning Golden Globe nominations in the Comedy and Drama categories , respectively . In 2008 , she received widespread recognition for playing Rachel Dawes in Christopher Nolan 's superhero film The Dark Knight . Her other film credits include Adaptation. , Confessions of a Dangerous Mind ( both 2002 ) , Mona Lisa Smile ( 2003 ) , Happy Endings ( 2005 ) , Paris , je t'aime , World Trade Center , Monster House , Stranger Than Fiction ( all 2006 ) , and Away We Go ( 2009 ) . For her performance in Crazy Heart ( 2009 ) , she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . She subsequently starred in the films Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang ( 2010 ) , Wo n't Back Down ( 2012 ) , Hysteria ( 2011 ) , White House Down ( 2013 ) , and Frank ( 2014 ) . In 2014 , Gyllenhaal made her Broadway debut in a revival of The Real Thing , and starred in the BBC television miniseries The Honourable Woman . For her performance in the latter , she received a Golden Globe and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy . She starred as Candy on the HBO series The Deuce ( 2017-2019 ) , which she produced . Her other producing credits include the 2018 film The Kindergarten Teacher ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Yo_Gabba_Gabba!', 'summary': "Yo Gabba Gabba ! is an American-Canadian live action/puppet educational , musical children 's television series starring five costumed toys coming to life and their friend DJ Lance Rock . The series premiered on Nick Jr. August 20 , 2007 and ended on November 12 , 2015 . A single theme is addressed in each episode , e.g . Adventure , Friends , and Dance , through songs and short storylines in the half-hour program . Additionally , the show teaches children life and social skills , such as sharing and trying new foods . It also encourages viewers to move along with and dance with the characters in the program . The show is noted for its indie-culture guest stars and bands , and for drawing visual inspiration from 8-bit video games and H.R . Pufnstuf , among other television shows . Created by Christian Jacobs ( lead singer of the Aquabats ) and Scott Schultz , the show 's learning process has parents , older siblings , and younger kids watch the show together rather than letting it act as a babysitter . The television program has spawned a touring live stage show , various toys and branded clothing . Trademarks relating to Yo Gabba Gabba !"}]}, {'value': 'August 19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Kristin Cruz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/KOST', 'summary': 'KOST ( 103.5 MHz ) is a radio station in Los Angeles , California . Owned by iHeartMedia , it broadcasts an adult contemporary format . It is co-located with its sister stations on West Olive Avenue in Burbank . The transmitter is atop Mount Wilson alongside most L.A. based television and FM radio stations . Those FM stations , along with KOST , are considered superpower grandfathered Class B FM radio stations , since their effective radiated power greatly exceeds the level the U.S. Federal Communications Commission sets for Class B FM stations at the height on Mount Wilson . KOST broadcasts in the HD ( hybrid ) format .'}]}, {'value': 'Jennifer Aniston , Kyle MacLachlan , Jordin Sparks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jennifer_Aniston', 'summary': "Jennifer Joanna Aniston ( born February 11 , 1969 ) is an American actress , film producer , and businesswoman . The daughter of actors John Aniston and Nancy Dow , she began working as an actress at an early age with an uncredited role in the 1987 film Mac and Me . Her first major film role came in the 1993 horror comedy Leprechaun . Since her career grew in the early 1990s , Aniston has been one of the highest-paid actresses in Hollywood . Aniston rose to international fame portraying Rachel Green on the television sitcom Friends ( 1994-2004 ) , for which she earned Primetime Emmy , Golden Globe , and Screen Actors Guild awards . The character became widely popular and was described as one of the greatest female characters in American television history . Aniston has since played starring roles in numerous dramas , comedies and romantic comedies . Her biggest box office successes include the films Bruce Almighty ( 2003 ) , The Break-Up ( 2006 ) , Marley & Me ( 2008 ) , Just Go with It ( 2011 ) , Horrible Bosses ( 2011 ) , and We 're the Millers ( 2013 ) , each of which grossed over $ 200 million in worldwide box office receipts . Some of her most critically acclaimed film roles include Office Space ( 1999 ) , The Good Girl ( 2002 ) , Friends with Money ( 2006 ) , Cake ( 2014 ) , and Dumplin ' ( 2018 ) . She returned to television in 2019 , producing and starring in the Apple TV+ drama series The Morning Show , for which she won another Screen Actors Guild Award . Aniston has been included in numerous magazines ' lists of the world 's most beautiful women . Her net worth is estimated to be US $ 200 million ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kyle_MacLachlan', 'summary': "Kyle Merritt MacLachlan ( /məˈɡlɒklən/ ; born February 22 , 1959 ) is an American actor . He is best known for his role as Dale Cooper in Twin Peaks ( 1990-1991 ; 2017 ) and its film prequel Twin Peaks : Fire Walk with Me ( 1992 ) , as well as roles in two of David Lynch 's films : Paul Atreides in Dune ( 1984 ) and Jeffrey Beaumont in Blue Velvet ( 1986 ) . MacLachlan 's other film roles include Lloyd Gallagher in The Hidden ( 1987 ) , Ray Manzarek in The Doors ( 1991 ) , Cliff Vandercave in The Flintstones ( 1994 ) , Zack Carey in Showgirls ( 1995 ) , and the voice of Riley 's father in Inside Out ( 2015 ) . He has had prominent roles in television shows including appearing as Trey MacDougal in Sex and the City ( 2000-2002 ) , Orson Hodge in Desperate Housewives ( 2006-2012 ) , The Captain in How I Met Your Mother ( 2010-2014 ) , the Mayor of Portland in Portlandia ( 2011-2018 ) and Calvin Zabo in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D . ( 2014-2015 ) . MacLachlan has won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Television Series Drama ( 1990 ) , and was nominated in the same category in 2017 , for playing the role of Dale Cooper in Twin Peaks . He has also been nominated for two Emmy Awards for Twin Peaks ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Jordin_Sparks', 'summary': "Jordin Brianna Sparks ( born December 22 , 1989 ) is an American singer , songwriter and actress . She rose to fame in 2007 after winning the sixth season of American Idol at age 17 , becoming the youngest winner in the series ' history . Her self-titled debut studio album , released later that year , was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) and has sold over two million copies worldwide . The album spawned the Billboard Hot 100 top-ten singles Tattoo and No Air ; the latter , a collaboration with Chris Brown , is currently the third highest-selling single by any American Idol contestant , selling over three million digital copies in the United States . The song earned Sparks her first Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals . Sparks 's second studio album , Battlefield ( 2009 ) , debuted at number 7 on the Billboard 200 chart . Its title single reached number 10 on the Billboard Hot 100 , making Sparks the only American Idol contestant to have her first five singles reach the top 20 in the United States . The second single , S.O.S . ( Let the Music Play ) , became Sparks 's first number one on the Hot Dance Club Play chart . Throughout her career , Sparks has received numerous accolades , including an NAACP Image Award , a BET Award , an American Music Award , a People 's Choice Award and two Teen Choice Awards . In 2009 , Billboard magazine ranked her as the 91st Artist of the 2000s Decade . In 2012 , Sparks was ranked at number 92 on VH1 's list of the 100 Greatest Women in Music ."}]}, {'value': 'August 20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Regis Philbin & Jenn Hobby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regis_Philbin', 'summary': "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ."}, {'url': '/wiki/WWWQ', 'summary': "WWWQ ( 99.7 FM ) - branded as Q99-7 - is a commercial contemporary hit radio ( CHR ) radio station licensed to Atlanta , Georgia , serving the Atlanta metropolitan area . Owned by Cumulus Media , WWWQ serves as the Atlanta affiliate for The Daly Download with Carson Daly , and is the flagship station of The Bert Show . The WWWQ studios are located in the Atlanta suburb of Sandy Springs , while the station transmitter resides in Atlanta 's Druid Hills neighborhood . Besides a standard analog transmission , WWWQ broadcasts over three HD Radio channels , and is available online . The WWWQ-HD2 digital subchannel airs a modern rock format , while the WWWQ-HD3 digital subchannel airs a classic hip-hop format ; both simulcast over low-power FM translators ."}]}, {'value': 'Hayden Christensen , Melissa Joan Hart , Coast-to-Coast Firehouse Cook-Off', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hayden_Christensen', 'summary': 'Hayden Christensen ( born April 19 , 1981 ) is a Canadian actor and producer . He began his career on Canadian television at the age of 13 , then diversified into American television in the late 1990s . He was praised for his acting as Sam in Life as a House ( 2001 ) , earning Golden Globe Award and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations . Christensen gained international fame for his portrayal of Anakin Skywalker / Darth Vader in the Star Wars prequel trilogy films , Star Wars : Episode II - Attack of the Clones ( 2002 ) and Star Wars : Episode III - Revenge of the Sith ( 2005 ) . His honours for these films include a nomination for the Saturn Award for Best Actor and the Cannes Film Festival Revelation Award . He also received praise for his portrayal of Stephen Glass in the film Shattered Glass .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Melissa_Joan_Hart', 'summary': "Melissa Joan Hart ( born April 18 , 1976 ) is an American actress , producer and director . She had starring roles as the titular characters in the sitcoms Clarissa Explains It All ( 1991-1994 ) , Sabrina the Teenage Witch ( 1996-2003 ) , and Melissa & Joey ( 2010-2015 ) . She has also appeared in films Drive Me Crazy ( 1999 ) , Nine Dead ( 2009 ) and God 's Not Dead 2 ( 2016 ) ."}]}], 'section_title': 'August 2010', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Live_with_Regis_and_Kelly_(season_22)_11', 'intro': "This is a list of Live with Regis and Kelly episodes which were broadcast during the show's 22nd season. The list is ordered by air date. Although the co-hosts may have read a couple of emails during the broadcast, it does not necessarily count as a Regis and Kelly Inbox segment."}
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What show is the person a correspondent for who co-hosted the episode on August 9 with Kelly Ripa ?
60 Minutes
04a66110a3507d95
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Christmas_television_specials', 'title': 'List of Christmas television specials', 'header': ['Series', 'Episode', 'Year', 'Channel'], 'data': [{'value': 'Kamen Rider', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamen_Rider_(1971_TV_series)', 'summary': 'Kamen Rider ( 仮面ライダー , Kamen Raidā , Masked Rider ) is a tokusatsu superhero television series and weekly science fiction manga created by manga artist Shotaro Ishinomori . It debuted on television on April 3 , 1971 , and ran until February 10 , 1973 , airing on the Mainichi Broadcasting System and NET ( now TV Asahi ) . The manga adaptation was also featured in Shōnen Magazine around the same period . The series has evolved into a franchise with many subsequent annual iterations .'}]}, {'value': "Monster Wolf Man 's Huge Murder Party", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1971', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV Asahi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV_Asahi', 'summary': 'TV Asahi Corporation ( 株式会社テレビ朝日 , Kabushiki-gaisha Terebi Asahi ) , also known as EX and Tele-Asa ( テレ朝 , Tere Asa ) , is a Japanese television network with its headquarters in Roppongi , Minato , Tokyo , Japan . The company also owns All-Nippon News Network .'}]}, {'value': 'Kamen Rider V3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamen_Rider_V3', 'summary': 'Kamen Rider V3 ( 仮面ライダーV , Kamen Raidā Buisuri , Masked Rider V3 ) is a Japanese tokusatsu television series . It is the second installment in the popular Kamen Rider Series , and the direct sequel to the original Kamen Rider . It was a joint collaboration between Ishimori Productions and Toei , and was shown on Mainichi Broadcasting System and NET from February 17 , 1973 , to February 9 , 1974 . Every episode of Kamen Rider V3 begins with the following opening narration : Kamen Rider V3 , Shiro Kazami , is an altered human . Mortally wounded by Destron , he is rebuilt by Kamen Riders 1 and 2 , reborn as Kamen Rider V3 .'}]}, {'value': "Destron 's Christmas Present", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1973', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV Asahi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV_Asahi', 'summary': 'TV Asahi Corporation ( 株式会社テレビ朝日 , Kabushiki-gaisha Terebi Asahi ) , also known as EX and Tele-Asa ( テレ朝 , Tere Asa ) , is a Japanese television network with its headquarters in Roppongi , Minato , Tokyo , Japan . The company also owns All-Nippon News Network .'}]}, {'value': 'Kamen Rider ( Skyrider )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamen_Rider_(1979_TV_series)', 'summary': 'Kamen Rider ( 仮面ライダー , Kamen Raidā , Masked Rider in English ) is a Japanese tokusatsu television series . It is the sixth program in the Kamen Rider Series . It has the same name as the first series in the franchise , and fans usually refer to this series as The New Kamen Rider ( 新しい仮面ライダー , Atarashii Kamen Raidā ) or Skyrider ( スカイライダー , Sukairaidā ) ( after the main character ) in order to distinguish it from the original . The series was broadcast on MBS from October 5 , 1979 to October 10 , 1980 . The series was a co-production between Toei and Ishinomori Productions , and was created by Shotaro Ishinomori . It aired every Saturday at 7:00 PM . The New Kamen Rider was intended as a revival of the original Kamen Rider , going back to the basic , essential themes established in that series , as opposed to the more complex and unique series that came before it , such as Kamen Rider Amazon and Kamen Rider Stronger .'}]}, {'value': 'Dark Santa Claus ; Ah , Transformtion Impossible', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1979', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MBS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mainichi_Broadcasting_System', 'summary': 'Mainichi Broadcasting System , Inc. ( 株式会社毎日放送 , Kabushiki-gaisha Mainichi Hōsō , Mainichi Broadcasting System Stock - Company ) is a radio and television broadcasting company headquartered in Osaka , Japan , affiliated with Japan Radio Network ( JRN ) , National Radio Network ( NRN ) , Japan News Network ( JNN ) and TBS Network , serving in the Kansai region . It is a parent company of a television station named MBS TV ( MBSテレビ ) and a radio station named MBS Radio ( MBSラジオ ) . MBS is also one of the major stockholders of the following networks : Tokyo Broadcasting System Holdings , Inc. ( TBSHD ) , RKB Mainichi Broadcasting Corporation , BS-TBS , Incorporated , i-Television Inc. , TV-U Fukushima Co. , Ltd. , Hiroshima Home Television Co. , Ltd. , WOWOW Inc. , and FM 802 Co. , Ltd .'}]}, {'value': 'Kamen Rider Super-1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamen_Rider_Super-1', 'summary': 'Kamen Rider Super-1 ( 仮面ライダースーパー1 , Kamen Raidā Sūpā Wan , Masked Rider Super-1 in English ) is a Japanese tokusatsu superhero television series . It is the seventh installment in the Kamen Rider Series . The series was broadcast on the Mainichi Broadcasting System from October 17 , 1980 to October 3 , 1981 . The series was a co-production between Toei and Ishinomori Productions , and was created by Shōtarō Ishinomori .'}]}, {'value': 'Danger ! ! The Demonic Christmas Present', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MBS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mainichi_Broadcasting_System', 'summary': 'Mainichi Broadcasting System , Inc. ( 株式会社毎日放送 , Kabushiki-gaisha Mainichi Hōsō , Mainichi Broadcasting System Stock - Company ) is a radio and television broadcasting company headquartered in Osaka , Japan , affiliated with Japan Radio Network ( JRN ) , National Radio Network ( NRN ) , Japan News Network ( JNN ) and TBS Network , serving in the Kansai region . It is a parent company of a television station named MBS TV ( MBSテレビ ) and a radio station named MBS Radio ( MBSラジオ ) . MBS is also one of the major stockholders of the following networks : Tokyo Broadcasting System Holdings , Inc. ( TBSHD ) , RKB Mainichi Broadcasting Corporation , BS-TBS , Incorporated , i-Television Inc. , TV-U Fukushima Co. , Ltd. , Hiroshima Home Television Co. , Ltd. , WOWOW Inc. , and FM 802 Co. , Ltd .'}]}, {'value': 'Kamen Rider Ryuki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamen_Rider_Ryuki', 'summary': "Kamen Rider Ryuki ( 仮面ライダー龍騎 , Kamen Raidā Ryūki , Masked Rider Ryuki ) is a Japanese tokusatsu television series . The twelfth installment in the Kamen Rider Series of tokusatsu shows , it was a joint collaboration between Ishimori Productions and Toei , and it was shown on TV Asahi from February 3 , 2002 to January 19 , 2003 . The series marked the franchise 's switch from Columbia Music Entertainment to Avex Group , which continues to produce music for the Kamen Rider Series today . In 2009 , Ryuki was adapted into the American television series Kamen Rider : Dragon Knight , the first adaptation of a Kamen Rider Series in the United States since Saban 's Masked Rider in 1996 ."}]}, {'value': "The Twentieth Birthday & Tiger 's a Hero", 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV Asahi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV_Asahi', 'summary': 'TV Asahi Corporation ( 株式会社テレビ朝日 , Kabushiki-gaisha Terebi Asahi ) , also known as EX and Tele-Asa ( テレ朝 , Tere Asa ) , is a Japanese television network with its headquarters in Roppongi , Minato , Tokyo , Japan . The company also owns All-Nippon News Network .'}]}, {'value': 'Kamen Rider Kabuto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamen_Rider_Kabuto', 'summary': 'Kamen Rider Kabuto ( 仮面ライダーカブト , Kamen Raidā Kabuto , Masked Rider Kabuto ) is a Japanese tokusatsu superhero television series . It is the sixteenth installment in the popular Kamen Rider Series of tokusatsu programs . It is a joint collaboration between Ishimori Productions and Toei . The series was broadcast on TV Asahi . The first episode aired on January 29 , 2006 , and with the final episode airing on January 21 , 2007 , completing the series with 49 episodes . The series represents the 35th anniversary of the Kamen Rider Series , as indicated by a notice at the beginning of the pilot episode reading , in Japanese , Kamen Rider 35th Anniversary Production . Kamen Rider Kabuto is the first Kamen Rider Series to be broadcast in a high-definition format .'}]}, {'value': 'Christmas Earthquake & Farewell , Tsurugi ! !', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV Asahi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV_Asahi', 'summary': 'TV Asahi Corporation ( 株式会社テレビ朝日 , Kabushiki-gaisha Terebi Asahi ) , also known as EX and Tele-Asa ( テレ朝 , Tere Asa ) , is a Japanese television network with its headquarters in Roppongi , Minato , Tokyo , Japan . The company also owns All-Nippon News Network .'}]}, {'value': 'Kamen Rider Den-O', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamen_Rider_Den-O', 'summary': "Kamen Rider Den-O ( 仮面ライダー電王 , Kamen Raidā Den ' ō , Masked Rider Den-O ) is the seventeenth installment in the popular Kamen Rider Series of tokusatsu programs . It is a joint collaboration between Ishimori Productions and Toei . It premiered January 28 , 2007 on TV Asahi , and concluded airing on January 20 , 2008 . Its lead actor Takeru Satoh is the first Kamen Rider Series lead born in the Heisei period of Japanese history . Along with the usual film adaptation that Heisei Kamen Rider series have released during the late summer of their broadcast run , Den-O had a second film released in the spring following its broadcast run which grossed 730 million yen ( approximately US $ 6.8 million ) and a series of ten OVA shorts , both of which are firsts for any Kamen Rider . Continuing the trend , Kamen Rider Den-O also had a third film released in October 2008 , the first for any Kamen Rider series and a second series of 12 OVA shorts was released in November 2008 . Takeru Satoh claims that the reason that Den-O has amassed such popularity is because of its comedic timing . A fourth film was released on May 1 , 2009 , and three more released in the summer of 2010 ."}]}, {'value': 'Reliving a Blank Day & Now to Reveal Love and Truth', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV Asahi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV_Asahi', 'summary': 'TV Asahi Corporation ( 株式会社テレビ朝日 , Kabushiki-gaisha Terebi Asahi ) , also known as EX and Tele-Asa ( テレ朝 , Tere Asa ) , is a Japanese television network with its headquarters in Roppongi , Minato , Tokyo , Japan . The company also owns All-Nippon News Network .'}]}, {'value': 'Kamen Rider W', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamen_Rider_W', 'summary': "Kamen Rider W , Kamen Raidā Daburu , also called Kamen Rider Double ) , is a 2009-2010 Japanese tokusatsu drama , the eleventh series in the Heisei period run of the Kamen Rider Series . It premiered following the finale of Kamen Rider Decade on September 6 , 2009 , and aired alongside Samurai Sentai Shinkenger in TV Asahi 's Super Hero Time programming block . Following Shinkenger 's finale , it aired alongside Tensou Sentai Goseiger , until W concluded on August 29 , 2010 . The series is described as the Heisei Kamen Rider 10th Anniversary Project : Fall Campaign ( 平成仮面ライダー10周年プロジェクト 秋の陣 , Heisei Kamen Raidā Jusshūnen Purojekuto : Aki no Jin ) . In the first episode of Kamen Rider Fourze , W is revealed to be in the same continuity as the original Showa timeline , making it the first series to do so since Kamen Rider Agito ."}]}, {'value': 'Begins Night & Movie War 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV Asahi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV_Asahi', 'summary': 'TV Asahi Corporation ( 株式会社テレビ朝日 , Kabushiki-gaisha Terebi Asahi ) , also known as EX and Tele-Asa ( テレ朝 , Tere Asa ) , is a Japanese television network with its headquarters in Roppongi , Minato , Tokyo , Japan . The company also owns All-Nippon News Network .'}]}, {'value': 'Kamen Rider OOO', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamen_Rider_OOO', 'summary': "Kamen Rider OOO ( 仮面ライダーオーズ／ＯＯＯ , Kamen Raidā Ōzu ) is a 2010-2011 Japanese tokusatsu drama in Toei Company 's Kamen Rider Series , being the twelfth series in the Heisei period run and the twenty-first overall . It began airing on September 5 , 2010 , the week following the conclusion of Kamen Rider W , joining Tensou Sentai Goseiger and then Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger in the Super Hero Time lineup , until its conclusion on August 28 , 2011 . The series ' titular Kamen Rider made a cameo appearance in the film Kamen Rider W Forever : A to Z/The Gaia Memories of Fate and a supporting character in other Kamen Rider movies ."}]}, {'value': 'The Medal Struggle , the Transport Truck , and the Container & An End , the Greeed , and a New Rider', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV Asahi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV_Asahi', 'summary': 'TV Asahi Corporation ( 株式会社テレビ朝日 , Kabushiki-gaisha Terebi Asahi ) , also known as EX and Tele-Asa ( テレ朝 , Tere Asa ) , is a Japanese television network with its headquarters in Roppongi , Minato , Tokyo , Japan . The company also owns All-Nippon News Network .'}]}, {'value': 'Kamen Rider Fourze', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamen_Rider_Fourze', 'summary': "Kamen Rider Fourze ( 仮面ライダーフォーゼ , Kamen Raidā Fōze ) is a Japanese tokusatsu drama in Toei Company 's Kamen Rider Series , being the thirteenth series in the Heisei period run and the twenty-second overall . It began airing on September 4 , 2011 , the week following the conclusion of Kamen Rider OOO , joining Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger and then Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters in the Super Hero Time lineup . Trademarks on the title were filed by Toei in April 2011 . The series commemorates not only the Kamen Rider Series ' 40th anniversary but also the 50th anniversary of spaceflight , which began with Yuri Gagarin 's flight in 1961 . The show 's catchphrase is Switch on youth 'cause we 're going into space ! ( 青春スイッチオンで宇宙キター！ , Seishun suitchi on de uchū kitā ! ) , referencing the Fourze Driver transformation belt which gets its various powers from devices called Astroswitches to conjure attachments to Fourze 's limbs . As with the two previous series , the protagonist of Fourze made his debut in the annual summer film of the show 's direct predecessor , appearing in Kamen Rider OOO Wonderful : The Shogun and the 21 Core Medals ."}]}, {'value': 'Christmas Eve Choir & Right and Wrong Conflict', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV Asahi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV_Asahi', 'summary': 'TV Asahi Corporation ( 株式会社テレビ朝日 , Kabushiki-gaisha Terebi Asahi ) , also known as EX and Tele-Asa ( テレ朝 , Tere Asa ) , is a Japanese television network with its headquarters in Roppongi , Minato , Tokyo , Japan . The company also owns All-Nippon News Network .'}]}, {'value': 'Kamen Rider Wizard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamen_Rider_Wizard', 'summary': "Kamen Rider Wizard ( 仮面ライダーウィザード , Kamen Raidā Wizādo ) is a Japanese tokusatsu drama in Toei Company 's Kamen Rider Series , being the fourteenth series in the Heisei period run and the twenty-third overall . Trademarks on the title were filed by Toei on June 21 , 2012 , and it was officially revealed on June 27 , 2012 . It began airing on TV Asahi on September 2 , 2012 , joining Tokumei Sentai Go-Busters and then Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger in the Super Hero Time lineup . Tsuyoshi Kida is the series ' main screenwriter . In April 2017 , TV Japan began broadcasting the series in the United States and Canada ."}]}, {'value': 'The Miracle of Christmas', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV Asahi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV_Asahi', 'summary': 'TV Asahi Corporation ( 株式会社テレビ朝日 , Kabushiki-gaisha Terebi Asahi ) , also known as EX and Tele-Asa ( テレ朝 , Tere Asa ) , is a Japanese television network with its headquarters in Roppongi , Minato , Tokyo , Japan . The company also owns All-Nippon News Network .'}]}, {'value': 'Kamen Rider Gaim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamen_Rider_Gaim', 'summary': 'Kamen Rider Gaim ( 仮面ライダー鎧武／ガイム , Kamen Raidā Gaimu ) is a Japanese television series , a tokusatsu drama that is in the Kamen Rider Series ; it is the 15th series during its Heisei run and 24th overall . The series , written by Gen Urobuchi , directed by Ryuta Tasaki and produced by Naomi Takebe , began airing on TV Asahi from October 6 , 2013 , replacing Kamen Rider Wizard in its initial timeslot and joining Zyuden Sentai Kyoryuger then Ressha Sentai ToQger in the Super Hero Time programming block , until Gaim concluded on September 28 , 2014 .'}]}, {'value': 'Rider Great Assembly ! Revealing the Mystery of the Forest ! & The Truth Behind the Christmas Game', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV Asahi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV_Asahi', 'summary': 'TV Asahi Corporation ( 株式会社テレビ朝日 , Kabushiki-gaisha Terebi Asahi ) , also known as EX and Tele-Asa ( テレ朝 , Tere Asa ) , is a Japanese television network with its headquarters in Roppongi , Minato , Tokyo , Japan . The company also owns All-Nippon News Network .'}]}, {'value': 'Kamen Rider Drive', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamen_Rider_Drive', 'summary': "Kamen Rider Drive ( 仮面ライダードライブ , Kamen Raidā Doraibu ) is a Japanese tokusatsu television series serving as the 16th Heisei Kamen Rider Series , and 25th series over all . Riku Sanjo returns to the Kamen Rider Series to serve as Drive 's lead screenwriter , with Ryuta Tasaki as director . It premiered on TV Asahi and affiliate stations throughout Japan on October 5 , 2014 , the week following the finale of its preceding series Kamen Rider Gaim , and joining Ressha Sentai ToQger then Shuriken Sentai Ninninger in the Super Hero Time programming block , until Drive concluded on September 27 , 2015 . Drive is peculiar among the heroes in the Kamen Rider franchise , as his motif and main mode of transportation is a car , rather than the signature motorcycles used by his predecessors ."}]}, {'value': 'Who Can Prevent the Dark Christmas Eve ?', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV Asahi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV_Asahi', 'summary': 'TV Asahi Corporation ( 株式会社テレビ朝日 , Kabushiki-gaisha Terebi Asahi ) , also known as EX and Tele-Asa ( テレ朝 , Tere Asa ) , is a Japanese television network with its headquarters in Roppongi , Minato , Tokyo , Japan . The company also owns All-Nippon News Network .'}]}, {'value': 'Kamen Rider Ghost', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamen_Rider_Ghost', 'summary': "Kamen Rider Ghost ( 仮面ライダーゴースト , Kamen Raidā Gōsuto ) is a Japanese tokusatsu television series serving as the 17th Heisei Kamen Rider Series , and 26th series over all . Takuro Fukuda serves as Ghost 's lead screenwriter , with Satoshi Morota as director . It premiered on TV Asahi and affiliate stations throughout Japan on October 4 , 2015 , the week following the finale of its predecessor series Kamen Rider Drive , joining Shuriken Sentai Ninninger , and later , Doubutsu Sentai Zyuohger in the Super Hero Time programming block ."}]}, {'value': 'Imposing ! A Man of Loyalty', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV Asahi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV_Asahi', 'summary': 'TV Asahi Corporation ( 株式会社テレビ朝日 , Kabushiki-gaisha Terebi Asahi ) , also known as EX and Tele-Asa ( テレ朝 , Tere Asa ) , is a Japanese television network with its headquarters in Roppongi , Minato , Tokyo , Japan . The company also owns All-Nippon News Network .'}]}, {'value': 'Kamen Rider Ex-Aid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamen_Rider_Ex-Aid', 'summary': "Kamen Rider Ex-Aid ( 仮面ライダーエグゼイド , Kamen Raidā Eguzeido ) [ citation needed ] is a Japanese tokusatsu drama in Toei Company 's Kamen Rider Series . It is the eighteenth series in the Heisei period run and the twenty-seventh series overall . Toei registered the Kamen Rider Ex-Aid trademark on June 13 , 2016 . The show premiered on October 2 , 2016 , one week after the finale of Kamen Rider Ghost , joining Doubutsu Sentai Zyuohger and later , Uchu Sentai Kyuranger in the Super Hero Time line-up ."}]}, {'value': 'Christmas Special : Targeting the Silver X mas !', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV Asahi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV_Asahi', 'summary': 'TV Asahi Corporation ( 株式会社テレビ朝日 , Kabushiki-gaisha Terebi Asahi ) , also known as EX and Tele-Asa ( テレ朝 , Tere Asa ) , is a Japanese television network with its headquarters in Roppongi , Minato , Tokyo , Japan . The company also owns All-Nippon News Network .'}]}, {'value': 'Kamen Rider Build', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamen_Rider_Build', 'summary': "Kamen Rider Build ( 仮面ライダービルド , Kamen Raidā Birudo ) is a Japanese tokusatsu drama in Toei Company 's Kamen Rider series . It is the nineteenth series in the Heisei period run and the twenty-eighth series overall . Toei registered the Kamen Rider Build trademark on June 5 , 2017 . The show premiered on September 3 , 2017 , following the finale of Kamen Rider Ex-Aid , joining Uchu Sentai Kyuranger and later , Kaitou Sentai Lupinranger VS Keisatsu Sentai Patranger in the Super Hero Time line-up . As with the web series Kamen Rider Amazons , Kamen Rider Build is the first TV series in the franchise to have taken place in an alternate universe ."}]}, {'value': 'The Weaponry Hero', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV Asahi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV_Asahi', 'summary': 'TV Asahi Corporation ( 株式会社テレビ朝日 , Kabushiki-gaisha Terebi Asahi ) , also known as EX and Tele-Asa ( テレ朝 , Tere Asa ) , is a Japanese television network with its headquarters in Roppongi , Minato , Tokyo , Japan . The company also owns All-Nippon News Network .'}]}, {'value': 'Kamen Rider Zi-O', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamen_Rider_Zi-O', 'summary': "Kamen Rider Zi-O ( 仮面ライダージオウ , Kamen Raidā Jiō ) is a Japanese tokusatsu drama in Toei Company 's Kamen Rider Series . It is the twenty-ninth television series overall , as well as the twentieth and final series in the Heisei period . Toei registered the Kamen Rider Zi-O trademark on May 5 , 2018 . The show premiered on September 2 , 2018 , following the finale of Kamen Rider Build , joining Kaitou Sentai Lupinranger VS Keisatsu Sentai Patranger and later , the miniseries Super Sentai Strongest Battle , followed by Kishiryu Sentai Ryusoulger in the Super Hero Time line-up . The series has a time travel/multiverse motif while paying a tribute to all of the previous Heisei-era Kamen Riders , due to being a spiritual sequel to Kamen Rider Decade . The series and related films also feature returning actors reprising their roles from the previous Heisei series ."}]}, {'value': 'Forever King 2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV Asahi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV_Asahi', 'summary': 'TV Asahi Corporation ( 株式会社テレビ朝日 , Kabushiki-gaisha Terebi Asahi ) , also known as EX and Tele-Asa ( テレ朝 , Tere Asa ) , is a Japanese television network with its headquarters in Roppongi , Minato , Tokyo , Japan . The company also owns All-Nippon News Network .'}]}, {'value': 'Kamen Rider Zero-One', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kamen_Rider_Zero-One', 'summary': 'Kamen Rider Zero-One ( 仮面ライダーゼロワン , Kamen Raidā Zero Wan , also called Kamen Rider 01 ) is a Japanese tokusatsu drama series produced by Toei Company and TV Asahi . It is the 30th series in the Kamen Rider Series , and the first series in the Reiwa period run . The show premiered on September 1 , 2019 , following the finale of Kamen Rider Zi-O , joining Kishiryu Sentai Ryusoulger , followed by Mashin Sentai Kiramager in the Super Hero Time line-up .'}]}, {'value': 'This is the Dawn of ZAIA', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV Asahi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TV_Asahi', 'summary': 'TV Asahi Corporation ( 株式会社テレビ朝日 , Kabushiki-gaisha Terebi Asahi ) , also known as EX and Tele-Asa ( テレ朝 , Tere Asa ) , is a Japanese television network with its headquarters in Roppongi , Minato , Tokyo , Japan . The company also owns All-Nippon News Network .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Japan -- Tokusatsu', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Christmas_television_specials_30', 'intro': 'The following is a list of Christmas television specials and miniseries, as well as Christmas-themed episodes of regular television series.'}
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What year did the sixth program in the Kamen Rider Series air on the Mainichi Broadcasting System ?
1979
04a74bb62efcca1a
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WD_postcode_area', 'title': 'WD postcode area', 'header': ['Postcode district', 'Post town', 'Coverage', 'Local authority area'], 'data': [{'value': 'WD3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'RICKMANSWORTH', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Rickmansworth , Chorleywood , Croxley Green , Loudwater , Mill End , Maple Cross , Sarratt , Batchworth , Chenies , Harefield ( part ) , West Hyde , Heronsgate , Chandler 's Cross", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rickmansworth', 'summary': "Rickmansworth ( /ˈrɪkmənzwɜːrθ/ ) is a small town in southwest Hertfordshire , England , approximately 17 miles ( 27 km ) northwest of central London and inside the perimeter of the M25 motorway . The town is mainly to the north of the Grand Union Canal ( formerly the Grand Junction Canal ) and the River Colne . The nearest large town is Watford , approximately 5 miles ( 8.0 km ) to the east . Rickmansworth is the administrative seat of the Three Rivers District Council . The confluence of the Chess and the Gade with the Colne in Rickmansworth inspired the district 's name . The enlarged Colne flows south to form a major tributary of the River Thames . The town is served by the Metropolitan line of the London Underground and Chiltern Railways from London Marylebone to Aylesbury ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Chorleywood', 'summary': 'Chorleywood is a village and civil parish in the Three Rivers District , Hertfordshire , England , in the far southwest of the county on the border with Buckinghamshire , approximately 20 miles ( 32 km ) northwest of Charing Cross . It is part of the London commuter belt and included in the government-defined Greater London Urban Area . The parish of Chorleywood was created in 1845 from part of the parish of Rickmansworth . The parish had a population of 11,286 people at the 2011 census . A survey carried out by the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister in 2004 , found Chorleywood to be the neighbourhood in England with the highest quality of life . Of the 32,482 neighbourhoods surveyed , Chorleywood came out top using thirty-seven criteria .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Croxley_Green', 'summary': "Croxley Green is a village and large suburb of Rickmansworth in Hertfordshire , and a civil parish in England . Located on the A412 between Watford to the northeast and Rickmansworth to the southwest , it is approximately 20 miles ( 32 km ) northwest of central London . Croxley Green has changed considerably in the years since John Dickinson built paper mills in the area . The area has grown into a semi-urban community , thanks to Croxley tube station on the Metropolitan line providing connections to London 's West End at Baker Street and stations through to the City at Aldgate . The population at the 2011 Census was 12,562 . Croxley Green is a part of the UK Parliament constituency , South West Hertfordshire . Gagan Mohindra is the Member of Parliament since the December 2019 United Kingdom general election ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Loudwater,_Hertfordshire', 'summary': 'Loudwater is a private housing estate in the parish of Chorleywood , separated from the latter by the River Chess , north of Rickmansworth , Hertfordshire and just to the east of Junction 18 of the M25 motorway . Loudwater is an old name for the River Chess . The 2001 population was 1,242 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mill_End,_Rickmansworth', 'summary': 'Mill End is a semi-rural village in Hertfordshire , England , which has in recent times become a contiguous part of Rickmansworth . Most of it is unparished ( i.e . it does not have a civil parish council ) ; part comes under Chorleywood Parish Council . By the time 0f the 2011 Census a new civil parish had been formed called Maple Cross and Mill End . All of Mill End forms part of Three Rivers District and so is administered by Three Rivers District Council and Hertfordshire County Council .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Maple_Cross', 'summary': "Maple Cross is a village in Hertfordshire , England , which up until the Second World War consisted of an inn , a blacksmith 's shop and a few cottages . Today there are around 800 postwar council houses . Some of these have been sold into private ownership . The area is close by junction 17 of the M25 motorway , which makes up the western boundary of the village . It lies on the western fringe of Rickmansworth , about 8 kilometres ( 5.0 mi ) west of Watford and 6 miles north of Uxbridge ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sarratt', 'summary': 'Sarratt is a village and civil parish in Three Rivers District , Hertfordshire . It is situated 4 miles ( 6.4 km ) north of Rickmansworth on high ground near the county boundary with Buckinghamshire . The chalk stream , the River Chess , rising just north of Chesham in the Chiltern Hills , passes through Sarratt Bottom in the valley to the west of the village to join the River Colne in Rickmansworth . The conditions offered by the river are perfect for the cultivation of watercress . Sarratt has the only commercially operating watercress farm in Hertfordshire . The valley to the east of Sarratt is dry .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Batchworth', 'summary': 'Batchworth was once a hamlet and is now a civil parish and part of Rickmansworth in Hertfordshire . Batchworth Parish Council was created in 2017 consisting of two Three Rivers District Council wards , namely , Rickmansworth Town and Moor Park & Eastbury . The first election was on 4 May 2017 . There are eight councillors ; four in each ward . The Grand Union Canal passes through Batchworth . The Batchworth Canal Centre is alongside the Grand Union lock , near the junction of the A404 and A4145 roads . This is the home of the Rickmansworth Waterways Trust who run a visitors centre , a working heritage boat , a small outdoor cafe and co-ordination of the annual Rickmansworth Canal Festival . The future of the historic cotton mill is uncertain following its need of urgent repairs . Batchworth Sea Scouts have their headquarters alongside the canal . The Batchworth Dragons dragon boat club were born out of the scout group and competes at a national and international level . Batchworth Lake , created by the extraction of gravel for the original Wembley Stadium , is used for water skiing and forms part of Rickmansworth Aquadrome . Batchworth Heath is four hectares ( ten acres ) of designated common land around the junction of Batchworth Heath Hill , Batchworth Lane and White Hill , owned and managed by Three Rivers District Council .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Chenies', 'summary': 'Chenies is a village and civil parish in the Chiltern district , the easternmost part of south Buckinghamshire , England , on the border with Hertfordshire east of Chesham and Chalfont St Peter .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Harefield', 'summary': "Harefield is a village in the London Borough of Hillingdon , England , on a hill , 17 miles ( 27 km ) northwest of Charing Cross near Greater London 's boundary with Buckinghamshire to the west and Hertfordshire to the north . The population at the 2011 Census was 7,399 . The northern part of Uxbridge , Harefield is the westernmost settlement in London . Harefield is near Denham , Ickenham , Northwood , Rickmansworth , Ruislip and Uxbridge . Pioneering heart surgery techniques were developed at Harefield Hospital ."}, {'url': '/wiki/West_Hyde', 'summary': 'West Hyde is a village situated alongside the A412 road , in the Three Rivers District in south-west Hertfordshire , England . At the 2011 the population of the village was included in the Three Rivers ward of Maple Cross and Mill End .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Heronsgate', 'summary': "Heronsgate ( or formerly Herringsgate ) is a settlement on the outskirts of Chorleywood , Hertfordshire founded by Feargus O'Connor and the Chartist Cooperative Land Company ( later the National Land Company ) as O'Connorsville or O'Connorville in 1846 ."}]}, {'value': 'Three Rivers , Chiltern , Hillingdon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Three_Rivers_District', 'summary': "Three Rivers is a local government district in south-west Hertfordshire , England . Its council is based in Rickmansworth . The district was formed on 1 April 1974 , under the Local Government Act 1972 , by the merger of Rickmansworth Urban District , Chorleywood Urban District and part of Watford Rural District . The confluence of the Chess and the Gade with the Colne in Rickmansworth inspired the district 's name ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Chiltern_District', 'summary': "Chiltern is one of four local government districts of Buckinghamshire in south central England . It is named after the Chiltern Hills on which the region sits . The main towns in the district are Amersham and Chesham which are both served by London Underground 's Metropolitan line ."}, {'url': '/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hillingdon', 'summary': "The London Borough of Hillingdon ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) is a large borough located in Greater London , England which had a population of 273,936 according to the 2011 Census . It was formed from the districts of Hayes and Harlington , Ruislip-Northwood , Uxbridge , and Yiewsley and West Drayton in the county of Middlesex . Today , Hillingdon is home to Heathrow Airport ( which straddles the border between Hillingdon and Hounslow ) and Brunel University , and is the second largest of the 32 London boroughs by area . Hillingdon Council governs the borough , with its headquarters in the Civic Centre in Uxbridge . For administrative purposes , the borough is split into North and South Hillingdon . The south 's former strong connection with industry has diminished since the 1980s to be replaced by a preponderantly residential suburban population ; the north has remained a consistently residential suburban area , although with significant swathes of rural land . The borough 's residential areas expanded with the extension of the Metropolitan Railway from Harrow on the Hill to Uxbridge in the early 20th century and the gradual establishment of stops along the line , becoming known as Metro-land . The main towns in the borough are Hayes , Ruislip and Uxbridge ."}]}, {'value': 'WD4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KINGS LANGLEY', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kings Langley , Chipperfield , Hunton Bridge , Rucklers Lane , Bucks Hill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kings_Langley', 'summary': "Kings Langley is a historic village and civil parish in Hertfordshire , England , 21 miles ( 34 km ) northwest of central London to the south of the Chiltern Hills and now part of the London commuter belt . The village is divided between two local government districts by the River Gade with the larger western portion in the Borough of Dacorum and smaller part , to the east of the river , in Three Rivers District . It was once the location of Kings Langley Palace , a royal palace of the Plantagenet kings of England . The 12th-century parish church of All Saints ' houses the tomb of Edmund of Langley ( 1341-1402 ) , the first Duke of York . It is 2 miles ( 3.2 km ) south of Hemel Hempstead and 2 miles ( 3.2 km ) north of Watford . The place-name Langley is first attested here in a Saxon charter of circa 1050 , where it appears as Langalega . It is spelt Langelai in the Domesday Book of 1086 , and is recorded as Langel ' Regis in 1254 . The name means 'long wood or clearing ' ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Chipperfield', 'summary': 'Chipperfield is a village and civil parish in the Dacorum district of Hertfordshire , England , approximately five miles southwest of Hemel Hempstead and five miles north of Watford . It stands on a chalk plateau at the edge of the Chiltern Hills , between 130 and 160 metres above sea level . The village green is at the centre of Chipperfield on the edge of the 117 acre Chipperfield Common . The rural parish includes the hamlet of Tower Hill .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Hunton_Bridge', 'summary': 'Hunton Bridge is a small settlement near Abbots Langley , Hertfordshire , England , with a historic royal connection . Its population in the 1991 census was 327 . It is in the Three Rivers population of Langleybury . Hunton Bridge enjoyed its greatest prosperity during 1810-26 , when the Sparrows Herne turnpike ran through the village . Prior to that date the turnpike had run along Gypsy Lane and Upper Highway . In 1810 it was rerouted along Old Mill Lane to the village , and up the hill to reconnect with Upper Highway . By 1826 the presence of the canal and the works associated with it had dried out the bottom land sufficiently for the turnpike to be rerouted along what is now the A41 avoiding the climb up Hunton Bridge Hill . Today the village is situated between the M25 London orbital motorway and a spur of the motorway leading to Watford . The A41 trunk road runs just west of the village . The Hunton Bridge filling station just off the Watford spur ( Junction 19 of the M25 ) is a local landmark .'}]}, {'value': 'Dacorum , Three Rivers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dacorum', 'summary': "The Borough of Dacorum is a local government district in Hertfordshire , England that includes the towns of Hemel Hempstead , Berkhamsted , Tring and the western part of Kings Langley . The district , which was formed in 1974 , had a population of 137,799 in 2001 . Its name was taken from the old hundred of Dacorum which covered approximately the same area . It is the westernmost of Hertfordshire 's districts , being bordered to the west by the Chiltern and Aylesbury Vale districts of Buckinghamshire ."}]}, {'value': 'WD5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ABBOTS LANGLEY', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abbots Langley , Bedmond', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abbots_Langley', 'summary': 'Abbots Langley is a large village and civil parish in the English county of Hertfordshire . It is an old settlement and is mentioned ( under the name of Langelai ) in the Domesday Book . Economically the village is closely linked to Watford and was formerly part of the Watford Rural District . Since 1974 it has been included in the Three Rivers district .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bedmond', 'summary': "Bedmond is a village in the Three Rivers district of the English ceremonial county of Hertfordshire . It is located around one mile ( 1.6 km ) north of the larger village of Abbots Langley . Bedmond belongs to the civil parish of Abbots Langley [ citation needed ] and at the time of the 2011 Census , its population was included in Abbots Langley 's population figures . Bedmond is the birthplace of Nicholas Breakspear , later Pope Adrian IV , the only Englishman to ever be Pope , who is believed to have been born at Breakspear Farm c. 1100 . The site where his home stood is marked by a plaque . [ a ]"}]}, {'value': 'Three Rivers , St Albans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St_Albans_City_Council', 'summary': 'The City and District of St Albans ( /ˈɔːlbənz/ ) is a local authority district in Hertfordshire in the East of England region . The main urban settlements are St Albans and Harpenden . The council offices are in St Albans .'}]}, {'value': 'WD6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BOREHAMWOOD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Borehamwood , Elstree , Well End', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Borehamwood', 'summary': 'Borehamwood ( /ˌbɔːrəmˈwʊd/ - formerly spelt Boreham Wood ) is a town in southern Hertfordshire . It is a commuter town near St Albans and London , situated 12 miles ( 19 km ) from Charing Cross . Borehamwood has a population of 31,074 , and is within the civil parish of Elstree and Borehamwood and the London commuter belt . The town is perhaps most well known for its multiple film and TV studios ( although only two of any significance remain ) , commonly known as Elstree Studios , hence the association with Elstree .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Elstree', 'summary': 'Elstree /ˈɛlztri/ is a village in the Hertsmere borough of Hertfordshire , England . It is about 13 miles ( 21 kilometres ) northwest of central London on the former A5 road , that follows the course of Watling Street . In 2011 , its population was 5,110 . It forms part of the civil parish of Elstree and Borehamwood , originally known simply as Elstree . The village often lends its shorter name to businesses and amenities in the adjacent town of Borehamwood , and the names of Elstree and Borehamwood are used interchangeably . Elstree is perhaps best known for the Elstree Film Studios , where a number of famous British films were made , and the BBC Elstree Centre , where the TV soap opera EastEnders is made ; these are both located in Borehamwood . The local newspaper is the Borehamwood and Elstree Times . Together with Borehamwood , the village is twinned with Offenburg in Germany , Fontenay-aux-Roses in France , and Huainan in China .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Well_End,_Hertfordshire', 'summary': 'Borehamwood ( /ˌbɔːrəmˈwʊd/ - formerly spelt Boreham Wood ) is a town in southern Hertfordshire . It is a commuter town near St Albans and London , situated 12 miles ( 19 km ) from Charing Cross . Borehamwood has a population of 31,074 , and is within the civil parish of Elstree and Borehamwood and the London commuter belt . The town is perhaps most well known for its multiple film and TV studios ( although only two of any significance remain ) , commonly known as Elstree Studios , hence the association with Elstree .'}]}, {'value': 'Hertsmere', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hertsmere', 'summary': 'Hertsmere is a local government district and borough in Hertfordshire , England . Its council is based in Borehamwood . Other towns in the borough include Bushey , Elstree , Radlett and Potters Bar . The borough borders the three north London boroughs of Harrow , Barnet and Enfield , and is located mainly within the M25 Motorway .'}]}, {'value': 'WD7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'RADLETT', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Radlett , Shenley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Radlett', 'summary': 'Radlett is an affluent settlement in the county of Hertfordshire , England , between St Albans and Elstree on Watling Street , with a population of 8,042 . It is in the council district of Hertsmere and is covered by two wards ; Aldenham East and Aldenham West . It is located inside the M25 motorway .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Shenley,_Hertfordshire', 'summary': 'Shenley is a village and civil parish in Hertfordshire , England , between Barnet and St Albans . The village is located 18.7 miles from Central London .'}]}, {'value': 'Hertsmere , St Albans', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WD17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WATFORD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Watford town centre , Cassiobury , Nascot Wood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Watford', 'summary': "Watford ( /ˈwɒtfərd/ ( listen ) ) is a town and borough in Hertfordshire , England , 15 miles ( 24 km ) northwest of central London . The town developed on the River Colne on land belonging to St Albans Abbey until the 16th century . During the 12th century a charter was granted allowing a market , and the building of St Mary 's Church began . The town grew partly due to travellers going to Berkhamsted Castle and the royal palace at Kings Langley . A mansion was built at Cassiobury in the 16th century . This was partly rebuilt in the 17th century and another country house was built at The Grove . The Grand Junction Canal in 1798 and the London and Birmingham Railway in 1837 resulted in Watford 's rapid growth , with paper-making mills such as John Dickinson at Croxley , influencing the development of printing in the town . Two brewers , Benskins and Sedgwicks , amalgamated and flourished in the town until their closure in the late 20th century . Hertfordshire County Council designates Watford to be a major sub-regional centre . Several head offices are based in Watford . Both the 2006 World Golf Championship and the 2013 Bilderberg Conference took place at The Grove . Watford became an urban district under the Local Government Act 1894 and a municipal borough by grant of a charter in 1922 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cassiobury', 'summary': 'The Cassiobury Estate is a suburban residential area of Watford in Hertfordshire , England . It is bounded to the south by Cassiobury Park , the main public park in the town , to the west by playing fields next to the River Gade , and to the northeast by Hempstead Road . It is mostly characterised by 1930s Mock Tudor houses . To the northwest of Cassiobury , outside the Borough of Watford in the Three Rivers District , is The Grove , the former estate and house of the Earls of Clarendon . This has been converted into a luxury hotel and with extensive grounds .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Nascot_Wood', 'summary': "Nascot Wood is the colloquial name for the largely residential area of Watford ( Hertfordshire ) that is located to the north-west of the town centre . The area has a relatively large number of mature trees , which help give it more of a leafy character than some other parts of the town . The name relates to one of the main roads in the area - Nascot Wood Road , and the local administrative ward - Nascot . The boundaries of the area are formed by the railway tunnels to the east and Hempstead Road to the west - beyond which is the Cassiobury Estate . [ citation needed ] The Industrial Revolution brought the Grand Junction Canal ( now Grand Union Canal ) in 1798 and the London and Birmingham Railway in 1837 , both located here for the same reasons the road had followed centuries before , seeking an easy gradient over the Chiltern Hills . ( source Wikipedia page Watford ) [ better source needed ] The first railway station in Watford opened here in 1837 . The railway company 's aim of keeping their building costs down was disrupted by resistance from the Earl of Essex ( Cassiobury ) and Clarendon ( The Grove ) . They had permitted the canal to be built through their estates , but they resisted the passage of a steam railway through their land . [ citation needed ] The railway company was forced to build an expensive tunnel , which starts in Nascot Wood and emerges close to Kings Langley station . After the spoil heaps settled , from building the tunnel , the woodland grew back . The area also contains some ancient woodland in amongst housing from the late 19th-early 21st century housing . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': 'Watford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Watford_Borough_Council', 'summary': 'Watford Borough Council is the local authority for the Watford non-metropolitan district of England , the United Kingdom . Watford is located in the south-west of Hertfordshire , in the East of England region . The council is based in the town hall on Hempstead Road . The council consists of 36 elected members as well as a directly elected mayor , representing twelve electoral wards following a Boundary Commission review which came into effect in 1999 . Each ward returns three councillors to serve four-year terms . The coat of arms of Watford Borough Council features a fasces .'}]}, {'value': 'WD18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WATFORD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'West Watford , Holywell', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Watford', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WD19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WATFORD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oxhey , South Oxhey , Carpenders Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oxhey', 'summary': "Oxhey is a suburb of the borough of Watford in the Three Rivers district of the county of Hertfordshire , England . It is located at grid reference TQ125955 and forms part Watford Rural civil parish and Watford post town . It is in the Bushey St James Ward of Hertsmere District Council . Oxhey grew during the mid-19th century with the coming of the London and Birmingham Railway from London Euston to Boxmoor in 1837 , the settlement being developed to house railway workers . The line was completed to Birmingham in 1838 . It was originally called 'New Bushey ' , after the well-established village a mile away , but was renamed 'Oxhey ' in 1907 . Oxhey 's parish church is St Matthew 's , a Grade II listed building dating from 1880 in Gothic Revival style with some elements of early Art Nouveau decoration . The church also features a Karl Parsons window in the Lady Chapel . Oxhey Grange in Oxhey Lane was built in 1876 by architect William Young ( 1843-1900 ) in the High Victorian Gothic style . It is a Grade II listed building . The wider locations which comprise the modern Oxhey area are Oxhey Village ( the area around Bushey station and between Pinner Road and London Road ) , Oxhey Hall ( the area along Hampermill Lane towards Moor Park ) and South Oxhey , although this is really a suburb in itself which is adjacent to Oxhey . It is an oddity that the main line station , which serves both Oxhey and the village of Bushey a mile away , is situated on the edge of Oxhey Village and yet is called Bushey Station ."}, {'url': '/wiki/South_Oxhey', 'summary': "South Oxhey is a suburb of Watford in the Watford Rural parish of the Three Rivers district of Hertfordshire , England . It is located in the south western corner of Northwood Hertfordshire and close to the boundary with Greater London . At the 2011 Census South Oxhey 's population was included in the Northwick Ward of Three Rivers Council"}, {'url': '/wiki/Carpenders_Park', 'summary': 'Carpenders Park is a suburb of Watford in the Watford Rural parish of the Three Rivers district of Hertfordshire , England . It is located in the south western corner of Hertfordshire and close to the boundary with Greater London . It is bounded to the West by a railway line that separates it from South Oxhey , to the East by the A4008 Watford to Harrow Road ( Oxhey Lane ) , to the South by the B4542 ( Little Oxhey Lane ) , Green Belt and the boundary with the London Borough of Harrow and to the North by woodland ( Margeholes Wood and Sherwood Wood ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Three Rivers , Watford', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WD23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BUSHEY', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bushey , Bushey Heath', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bushey', 'summary': 'Bushey is a town in the Hertsmere borough of Hertfordshire in the East of England . It has a population of 24,000 . Bushey Heath is a large neighbourhood south east of Bushey on the boundary with the London Borough of Harrow reaching elevations of 165 metres ( 541 ft ) above sea level .'}]}, {'value': 'Hertsmere , Watford', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WD24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WATFORD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Watford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Watford', 'summary': 'North Watford is an area in the town of Watford , Hertfordshire , in the United Kingdom . It is primarily a residential area which developed as a result of expansion from the town during the 19th century .'}]}, {'value': 'Watford', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WD25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WATFORD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Garston , Leavesden , Aldenham , Letchmore Heath', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Garston,_Hertfordshire', 'summary': "Garston is a village in Hertfordshire , England . Garston is contiguous with Watford and now , despite retaining a local identity , is effectively a suburb . It is within the Stanborough , Woodside and Meriden wards of the borough of Watford , although a small number of its streets are in Hertsmere . The Building Research Establishment has its headquarters within Garston . Garston has several large secondary schools including St Michael 's Catholic High School , Parmiter 's School and Francis Combe Academy ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Leavesden,_Hertfordshire', 'summary': 'Leavesden is a residential and commercial area in Hertfordshire , England , contiguous with the northern suburbs of Watford . It lies within the M25 Motorway . On its eastern side it is bounded by the M1 Motorway . Leavesden is part of Abbots Langley civil parish and is also the name of a district council ward in Three Rivers District . Leavesden Green is an adjoining residential community which lies partly in Three Rivers and partly in the Borough of Watford . Leavesden is the location of Leavesden Studios , built on the site of RAF Leavesden a former World War II airfield and wartime aircraft factory , and where one of the James Bond , and all of the Harry Potter , film franchises were produced .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Aldenham', 'summary': "Aldenham is a village and civil parish in Hertfordshire , 3.5 miles ( 5.6 km ) north-east of Watford and 2 miles ( 3.2 km ) southwest of Radlett . It was mentioned in the Domesday Book and is one of Hertsmere 's 14 conservation areas . This secluded little village has eight pre-19th century buildings that are listed buildings and the parish itself is largely unchanged , though buildings have been rebuilt , since Saxon times when the majority of the land was owned by the abbots of Westminster Abbey . In the Index of Multiple Deprivation , the ward of Aldenham East was ranked the least deprived ward out of 8414 in England , while Aldenham West also featured among the least deprived three per cent in the country . Radlett forms the eastern part of the civil parish ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Letchmore_Heath', 'summary': 'Letchmore Heath is a village in Hertfordshire in England , situated about three miles east of Watford .'}]}, {'value': 'Watford , Hertsmere , Three Rivers , St Albans', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WD99', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WATFORD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jobcentre Plus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jobcentre_Plus', 'summary': 'Jobcentre Plus ( Welsh : Canolfan byd Gwaith ; Scottish Gaelic : Ionad Obrach is Eile ) is the part of the Department for Work and Pensions which delivers working-age support service in the United Kingdom . From 2002 to 2011 , it was an executive agency which reported directly to the Minister of State for Employment . It was formed by the amalgamation of two agencies , the Employment Service , which operated Jobcentres , and the Benefits Agency , which ran social security offices .'}]}, {'value': 'non-geographic', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Coverage', 'section_text': 'The approximate coverage of the postcode districts :', 'uid': 'WD_postcode_area_0', 'intro': 'The WD postcode area, also known as the Watford postcode area, is a group of eleven postcode districts in England, within seven post towns. These cover south-west Hertfordshire, plus very small parts of Buckinghamshire and Greater London. Mail for this area is sorted at the Home Counties North Mail Centre in Hemel Hempstead, having been sorted at the Watford Mail Centre until its closure in 2011. The area covered includes all of the borough of Watford, most of the Three Rivers district, the western part of the Hertsmere district and small parts of the Dacorum and St Albans districts. WD3 also covers the village of Chenies in the Chiltern district of Buckinghamshire, plus a small protrusion of Harefield in the London Borough of Hillingdon.'}
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What is the postcode district whose local authority area was formed in 1974 ?
WD4
04a767aecb7b72d5
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3000_metres_steeplechase', 'title': '3000 metres steeplechase', 'header': ['Nation', 'Time', 'Athlete', 'Date', 'Location'], 'data': [{'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '8:44.32', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beatrice Chepkoech', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beatrice_Chepkoech', 'summary': 'Beatrice Chepkoech Sitonik ( born 6 July 1991 ) is a Kenyan long-distance runner who specialises in the 3000 metres steeplechase . She is the current world record holder in that event running 8:44.32 in 2018 . With that time she became the first woman to break 8:50 and 8:45 . She was also a bronze medallist over 1500 metres at the 2015 African Games .'}]}, {'value': '20 July 2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Monaco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monaco', 'summary': "Monaco ( /ˈmɒnəkoʊ/ ( listen ) ; French pronunciation : \u200b [ mɔnako ] ) , officially the Principality of Monaco ( French : Principauté de Monaco ) , [ a ] is a sovereign city-state , country , and microstate on the French Riviera in Western Europe . France borders the country on three sides while the other side borders the Mediterranean Sea . Monaco is about 15 km ( 9.3 mi ) from the state border with Italy . Monaco has an area of 2.02 km2 ( 0.78 sq mi ) , making it the second-smallest country in the world after the Vatican . Its population as of 2018 is 38,682 . With 19,009 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 49,230/sq mi ) , it is the most densely-populated sovereign state in the world . Monaco has a land border of 5.47 km ( 3.40 mi ) , the world 's shortest coastline of approximately 3.83 km ( 2.38 mi ) ( regardless of the coastline paradox ) , and a width that varies between 1,700 and 349 m ( 5,577 and 1,145 ft ) . The highest point in the country is a narrow pathway named Chemin des Révoires on the slopes of Mont Agel , in the Les Révoires Ward , which is 161 metres ( 528 feet ) above sea level . Monaco 's most populous Quartier is Monte Carlo and the most populous Ward is Larvotto/Bas Moulins . Through land reclamation , Monaco 's land mass has expanded by 20 percent . In 2005 , it had an area of only 1.974 km2 ( 0.762 sq mi ) . Monaco is known to be the most expensive and the wealthiest place in the world due to its tax laws ."}]}, {'value': 'Bahrain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bahrain', 'summary': "Bahrain ( /bɑːˈreɪn/ ( listen ) ; Arabic : البحرين al-Baḥrayn Arabic pronunciation : [ al baħrajn ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Bahrain ( Arabic : مملكة البحرين Mamlakat al-Baḥrayn ) , is a sovereign state in the Persian Gulf . The island nation comprises a small archipelago centered around Bahrain Island , situated between the Qatar peninsula and the north eastern coast of Saudi Arabia , to which it is connected by the 25-kilometre ( 16 mi ) King Fahd Causeway . According to the most recent 2010 census , Bahrain 's population is over 1.2 million , of which around half are non-nationals . At 780 square kilometres ( 300 sq mi ) in size , it is the third-smallest nation in Asia after the Maldives and Singapore . The capital and largest city is Manama . Bahrain is the site of the ancient Dilmun civilization . It has been famed since antiquity for its pearl fisheries , which were considered the best in the world into the 19th century . Bahrain was one of the earliest areas to convert to Islam , in 628 AD . Following a period of Arab rule , Bahrain was occupied by the Portuguese in 1521 , who in turn were expelled in 1602 by Shah Abbas I of the Safavid dynasty under the Persian Empire . In 1783 , the Bani Utbah clan captured Bahrain from Nasr Al-Madhkur and it has since been ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family , with Ahmed al Fateh as Bahrain 's first hakim . In the late 1800s , following successive treaties with the British , Bahrain became a protectorate of the United Kingdom . In 1971 , it declared independence ."}]}, {'value': '8:52.78', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ruth Jebet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ruth_Jebet', 'summary': 'Ruth Jebet ( born 17 November 1996 ) is a Kenyan-born long-distance runner and steeplechase specialist who competes internationally for Bahrain . She was the world record holder and is currently the reigning Olympic gold medalist in the 3000 metres steeplechase , both achieved before turning 20 .'}]}, {'value': '27 August 2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saint-Denis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stade_de_France', 'summary': "Stade de France ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ stad də fʁɑ̃s ] ) is the national stadium of France , located just north of Paris in the commune of Saint-Denis . Its seating capacity of 80,698 makes it the eighth-largest stadium in Europe . The stadium is used by the France national football team and French rugby union team for international competition . It is the largest in Europe for track and field events , seating 78,338 in that configuration . Despite that , the stadium 's running track is mostly hidden under the football pitch . Originally built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup , the stadium 's name was recommended by Michel Platini , head of the organising committee . On 12 July 1998 , France defeated Brazil 3-0 in the 1998 FIFA World Cup Final contested at the stadium . It will host the opening and closing ceremonies and the athletics events at the 2024 Summer Olympics . It will also host matches for the 2023 Rugby World Cup . Stade de France , listed as a Category 4 stadium by UEFA , hosted matches at the 1998 FIFA World Cup , the UEFA Champions League finals in 2000 and 2006 , and the 1999 and 2007 Rugby World Cup , making it the only stadium in the world to have hosted both a Football World Cup final and a rugby union World Cup final . It also hosted seven matches at UEFA Euro 2016 , including the final , where France lost to Portugal 1-0 after extra-time . The facility also hosted the Race of Champions auto race in 2004 , 2005 , and 2006 ."}]}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '8:58.81', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gulnara Galkina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gulnara_Samitova', 'summary': "Gulnara Iskanderovna Samitova-Galkina ( Russian : Гульнара Искандеровна Самитова-Галкина , Tatar : Гөлнара Искәндәр кызы Самитова-Галкина ) ( born 9 July 1978 in Naberezhnye Chelny , Tatarstan ) is a Russian middle-distance runner . In July 2004 she ran 3000 metres steeplechase in a new world record of 9:01.59 minutes . Early that year she won a bronze medal over 1500 metres at the 2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships . Gulnara Samitova-Galkina is of mixed Tatar and Russian origin . She is a two-time national champion in the women 's 5000 metres . Samitova claimed the gold medal at the 2008 Olympics in the 3000m steeplechase , breaking her own world record in the final with a time of 8:58.81 min , becoming the first woman in history to run under 9 minutes for the steeplechase . She won both the 800 and 1500 metres races at the Russian Team Championships in June 2009 , clocking a personal best of 2:00.29 in the 800 m and a world leading time over 1500 m. She missed the whole 2010 season , including the 2010 European Athletics Championships , after becoming pregnant and giving birth to her daughter Alina in June . She returned to training in the autumn of 2010 ."}]}, {'value': '17 August 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beijing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beijing', 'summary': "Beijing ( /ˌbeɪˈdʒɪŋ/ BAY-JING , /ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ/ BAY-ZHING ; Mandarin pronunciation : [ pèi.tɕíŋ ] ( listen ) ) , formerly romanized as Peking ( /ˌpiːˈkɪŋ/ PEE-KING ) , is the capital of the People 's Republic of China , the world 's third most populous city proper , and most populous capital city . The city , located in northern China , is governed as a municipality under the direct administration of the central government with 16 urban , suburban , and rural districts . Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast ; together , the three divisions form the Jingjinji metropolitan region and the national capital region of China . Beijing is an important world capital and global power city , and one of the world 's leading centers for culture , diplomacy and politics , business and economy , education , language , and science and technology . A megacity , Beijing is the second largest Chinese city by urban population after Shanghai and is the nation 's cultural , educational , and political center . It is home to the headquarters of most of China 's largest state-owned companies and houses the largest number of Fortune Global 500 companies in the world , as well as the world 's four biggest financial institutions . It is also a major hub for the national highway , expressway , railway , and high-speed rail networks . The Beijing Capital International Airport has been the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic since 2010 , and , as of 2016 [ update ] , the city 's subway network is the busiest and longest in the world . Combining both modern and traditional architecture , Beijing is one of the oldest cities in the world , with a rich history dating back three millennia . As the last of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China , Beijing has been the political center of the country for most of the past eight centuries , and was the largest city in the world by population for much of the second millennium AD . Encyclopædia Britannica notes that few cities in the world have served for so long as the political headquarters and cultural center of an area as immense as China . With mountains surrounding the inland city on three sides , in addition to the old inner and outer city walls , Beijing was strategically poised and developed to be the residence of the emperor and thus was the perfect location for the imperial capital ."}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '9:00.85', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Courtney Frerichs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Courtney_Frerichs', 'summary': "Courtney Frerichs ( born January 18 , 1993 ) is an American middle-distance runner from Nixa , Missouri , who specializes in steeplechase . Frerichs placed second in steeplechase behind Emma Coburn and ahead of Colleen Quigley at the 2016 US Olympic Trials to qualify to represent the United States at the 2016 Summer Olympics . She won the silver medal at the 2017 World Championships , becoming the seventh fastest woman in the history of the event ( displaced to # 8 two weeks later ) . Emma Coburn won the gold medal at the same event , thus making Coburn and Frerichs the first female Americans to win the gold and silver medal in any individual World Championships or Olympics race longer than 400 meters since the 1912 Stockholm Games . On July 20 , 2018 , at the Herculis meet in Monaco , she finished in second place behind Beatrice Chepkoech 's world record 8:44.32 . Frerichs ' time of 9:00.85 jumped her ahead of Coburn for the American and North American ( NACAC ) records in the steeplechase and the # 6 mark all time . Frerichs won the steeplechase NCAA title at the 2016 NCAA Division I Outdoor Track and Field Championships as a Lobo , setting a collegiate record of 9:24.41 ."}]}, {'value': '20 July 2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Monaco', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tunisia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tunisia', 'summary': "Tunisia [ a ] , officially the Republic of Tunisia [ b ] , is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa , covering 163,610 square kilometres ( 63,170 square miles ) . Its northernmost point , Cape Angela , is also the northernmost point on the African continent . Tunisia is bordered by Algeria to the west and southwest , Libya to the southeast , and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east . Tunisia 's population was 11.5 million in 2017 . Tunisia 's name is derived from its capital city , Tunis ( Berber native name : Tunest ) , which is located on its northeast coast . Geographically , Tunisia contains the eastern end of the Atlas Mountains , and the northern reaches of the Sahara desert . Much of the rest of the country 's land is fertile soil . Its 1,300 kilometres ( 810 miles ) of coastline include the African conjunction of the western and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Basin and , by means of the Sicilian Strait and Sardinian Channel , feature the African mainland 's second and third nearest points to Europe after Gibraltar . Tunisia is a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic . It is considered to be the only fully democratic sovereign state in the Arab world . It has a high human development index . It has an association agreement with the European Union ; is a member of La Francophonie , the Union for the Mediterranean , the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa , the Arab Maghreb Union , the Arab League , the OIC , the Greater Arab Free Trade Area , the Community of Sahel-Saharan States , the African Union , the Non-Aligned Movement , the Group of 77 ; and has obtained the status of major non-NATO ally of the United States ."}]}, {'value': '9:05.36', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Habiba Ghribi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Habiba_Ghribi', 'summary': "Habiba Ghribi ( born 9 April 1984 ) is a Tunisian middle- and long-distance runner who specialises in the 3000 metres steeplechase . She won the gold medal at the 2012 Summer Olympics , giving her country its first Olympic medal by a woman . She is also the Tunisian record holder in the event , having run 9:05.36 at the Memorial van Damme in Brussels in September 2015 . Ghribi competed at the IAAF World Cross Country Championships a number of times but found greater success on the track , winning a steeplechase silver at the 2006 African Championships in Athletics and a bronze in the 1500 metres at the 2009 Mediterranean Games . She represented Tunisia at the 2008 Beijing Olympics , finishing thirteenth in the first ever women 's Olympic steeplechase race . In the 2016 Müller Anniversary Games , she won the women 's 3000m steeplechase . She was voted the Best Sportswoman of 2009 by the Arabic daily newspaper Assahafa ."}]}, {'value': '11 September 2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brussels', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/King_Baudouin_Stadium', 'summary': 'The King Baudouin Stadium ( French : Stade Roi Baudouin , Dutch : Koning Boudewijnstadion ) is a sports ground in north-west Brussels , Belgium . It was inaugurated on 23 August 1930 . Crown Prince Leopold attended the opening ceremony . Located in the Heysel section of the Brussels municipality , it was built to embellish the Heysel plateau in view of the 1935 Brussels International Exposition . The stadium hosted 70,000 at the time . A wooden track for cycling races was later added around the pitch .'}]}, {'value': 'Uganda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uganda', 'summary': "Uganda , officially the Republic of Uganda ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Uganda ; Luganda : Eggwanga Yuganda ) is a landlocked country in East-Central Africa . It is bordered to the east by Kenya , to the north by South Sudan , to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo , to the south-west by Rwanda , and to the south by Tanzania . The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria , shared with Kenya and Tanzania . Uganda is in the African Great Lakes region . Uganda also lies within the Nile basin , and has a varied but generally a modified equatorial climate . Uganda takes its name from the Buganda kingdom , which encompasses a large portion of the south of the country , including the capital Kampala . The people of Uganda were hunter-gatherers until 1,700 to 2,300 years ago , when Bantu-speaking populations migrated to the southern parts of the country . Beginning in 1894 , the area was ruled as a protectorate by the UK , who established administrative law across the territory . Uganda gained independence from the UK on 9 October 1962 . The period since then has been marked by violent conflicts , including an 8-year-long far right military dictatorship led by Idi Amin . Additionally , a lengthy civil war against the Lord 's Resistance Army in the Northern Region led by Joseph Kony , has caused hundreds of thousands of casualties . The official languages are English and Swahili , although any other language may be used as a medium of instruction in schools or other educational institutions or for legislative , administrative or judicial purposes as may be prescribed by law ."}]}, {'value': '9:07.94', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Peruth Chemutai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peruth_Chemutai', 'summary': "Peruth Chemutai ( born July 10 , 1999 ) is a Ugandan steeplechase runner . She competed at the 2016 Summer Olympics in the women 's 3000 metres steeplechase race ; her time of 9:31.03 in the heats did not qualify her for the final . Hailing from the Bukwo District , she took up running in 2013 after attending the District Athletics Championships in Bukwo as a casual fan . At the 2015 Commonwealth Youth Games in Apia , she won silver medals in the 1500 metres and 3000 metres . She also competed in the junior women 's race at the 2017 IAAF World Cross Country Championships in Kampala , finishing in 7th place . At the 2018 World Junior Championships held in mid July , she claimed a notable Silver medal in the 3000m steeplechase . A week later , at the Monaco diamond league , she set a national record with a time of 9:07.94"}]}, {'value': '20 July 2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fontvieille', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ethiopia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ethiopia', 'summary': "Ethiopia ( /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/ ; Amharic : ኢትዮጵያ , ʾĪtyōṗṗyā , listen ( help·info ) , Tigrinya : ኢትዮጵያ , Oromo : Itiyoophiyaa , Somali : Itoobiya , Afar : Itiyoophiyaa ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia , is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north , Djibouti to the northeast , Somalia , and the de facto state of Somaliland to the east , Kenya to the south , South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest . With over 109 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent with a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres ( 420,000 sq mi ) . Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa , which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates . Some of the oldest skeletal evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BCE , Ethiopia 's governmental system was a monarchy for most of its history . Oral literature tells that the monarchy was founded by the Solomonic dynasty of the Queen of Sheba , under its first king , Menelik I . In the first centuries , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . During the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , Ethiopia and Liberia were two nations that preserved their sovereignty from long-term colonisation by a European colonial power and many newly-independent nations on the continent subsequently adopted its flag colours . However , the country was later occupied by Italy in 1936 and became Italian Ethiopia ( part of Italian East Africa ) until it was liberated during World War II ."}]}, {'value': '9:09.00', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sofia Assefa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sofia_Assefa', 'summary': 'Sofia Assefa ( Amharic : ሶፍአ አሠፋ ; born 14 November 1987 in Tenta , South Wollo ) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner who specializes in the 3000 metres steeplechase . She was the silver medalist at the 2012 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': '7 June 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oslo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bislett_Stadion', 'summary': "Bislett Stadium ( Norwegian : Bislett stadion ) is a sports stadium in Oslo , Norway . Bislett is Norway 's most well known sports arena internationally , with 15 speed skating world records and more than 50 track and field world records having been set here . The original stadium was demolished in 2004 and construction of a new stadium was completed by the summer of 2005 . The New Bislett Stadium was designed by C.F . Møller Architects ."}]}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spain', 'summary': "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ."}]}, {'value': '9:09.39', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marta Domínguez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marta_Domínguez', 'summary': "Marta Domínguez Azpeleta ( born 3 November 1975 ) is a Spanish runner and politician . She competes mainly in the steeplechase . She has represented Spain four times at the Olympics and has competed at the World Championships on six occasions . As a 5000m runner , Domínguez won a bronze at the 1998 European Athletics Championships and reached the global podium at the 2001 World Championships in Athletics , winning the silver medal . She scored a gold medal double in 2002 by taking a 3000 metres win at the European Athletics Indoor Championships , before going on to become European champion at the 2002 European Championships . She achieved silver medals in the same events at the IAAF World Indoor Championships and 2003 World Championships in Athletics the following year . She retained her European crown at the 2006 European Athletics Championships . Domínguez has been accused of both dealing and using performance-enhancing drugs on multiple occasions . In December 2010 , she was arrested for her connection in a doping ring as part of Operación Galgo ; she was acquitted in 2011 . In May 2013 , it was reported that Domínguez had failed a bio-passport test in 2009 . In 2015 , she was banned from competing for three years by the Court of Arbitration for Sport for irregularities in her biological passport and stripped of her status as a Spanish national athlete . This annulled all of Domínguez 's competitive results from August 2009 to July 2013 , including her 2009 world championship in steeplechase ."}]}, {'value': '25 July 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barcelona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barcelona', 'summary': "Barcelona ( /ˌbɑːrsəˈloʊnə/ BAR-sə-LOH-nə , Catalan : [ bəɾsəˈlonə ] , Spanish : [ baɾθeˈlona ] ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain . It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia , as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain . With a population of 1.6 million within city limits , its urban area extends to numerous neighbouring municipalities within the Province of Barcelona and is home to around 4.8 million people , making it the sixth most populous urban area in the European Union after Paris , the Ruhr area , Madrid , and Milan . It is one of the largest metropolises on the Mediterranean Sea , located on the coast between the mouths of the rivers Llobregat and Besòs , and bounded to the west by the Serra de Collserola mountain range , the tallest peak of which is 512 metres ( 1,680 feet ) high . Founded as a Roman city , in the Middle Ages Barcelona became the capital of the County of Barcelona . After merging with the Kingdom of Aragon , Barcelona continued to be an important city in the Crown of Aragon as an economic and administrative centre of this Crown and the capital of the Principality of Catalonia . Barcelona has a rich cultural heritage and is today an important cultural centre and a major tourist destination . Particularly renowned are the architectural works of Antoni Gaudí and Lluís Domènech i Montaner , which have been designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites . The headquarters of the Union for the Mediterranean are located in Barcelona . The city is known for hosting the 1992 Summer Olympics as well as world-class conferences and expositions and also many international sport tournaments . Barcelona is one of the world 's leading tourist , economic , trade fair and cultural centres , and its influence in commerce , education , entertainment , sports , media , fashion , science , and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the major global cities . It is a major cultural and economic centre in southwestern Europe , 24th in the world ( before Zürich , after Frankfurt ) and a financial centre ."}]}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': '9:11.85', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gesa Felicitas Krause', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gesa_Felicitas_Krause', 'summary': 'Gesa Felicitas Krause ( born 3 August 1992 ) is a German athlete who specialises in the 3000 m steeplechase . She won bronze medals in steeplechase at both the 2015 and 2019 World Championships , and represented Germany at the 2012 and 2016 Olympics . Her personal best for the 3000 m steeplechase is 9:03.30 , which is also a national record . In 2019 Krause set a world best for the 2000 m steeplechase in 5:52.80 .'}]}, {'value': '27 August 2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Berlin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norway', 'summary': "Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg ."}]}, {'value': '9:13.35', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karoline Bjerkeli Grøvdal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karoline_Bjerkeli_Grøvdal', 'summary': 'Karoline Bjerkeli Grøvdal ( born 14 June 1990 ) is a Norwegian athlete competing in long-distance events . She represented her country at the 2012 and 2016 Summer Olympics and at four world championships . She won the bronze medal at the 2016 in the 10,000 metres event and 2018 European Championships in the 3000 m steeplechase .'}]}, {'value': '26 August 2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sandnes', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Denmark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denmark', 'summary': 'Denmark ( Danish : Danmark , pronounced [ ˈtænmak ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Denmark , [ N 10 ] [ N 2 ] is a Nordic country in Northwest Europe . Denmark proper , which is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries , consists of a peninsula , Jutland , and an archipelago of 443 named islands , [ N 2 ] with the largest being Zealand , Funen and the North Jutlandic Island . The islands are characterised by flat , arable land and sandy coasts , low elevation and a temperate climate . The southernmost of the Scandinavian nations , Denmark lies southwest of Sweden and south of Norway , [ N 11 ] and is bordered to the south by Germany . The Kingdom of Denmark also includes two autonomous territories in the North Atlantic Ocean : the Faroe Islands and Greenland . Denmark has a total area of 42,924 km2 ( 16,573 sq mi ) , land area of 42,394 km2 ( 16,368 sq mi ) , and the total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2,210,579 km2 ( 853,509 sq mi ) , and a population of 5.8 million in Denmark proper ( Danish egentlige Danmark ) ( as of 2020 [ update ] ) . The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 8th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea . Denmark , Sweden , and Norway were ruled together under one sovereign ruler in the Kalmar Union , established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523 . The areas of Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until 1814 , Denmark-Norway . Beginning in the 17th century , there were several devastating wars with the Swedish Empire , ending with large cessions of territory to Sweden . After the Napoleonic Wars , Norway was ceded to Sweden , while Denmark kept the Faroe Islands , Greenland , and Iceland . In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements , which were defeated in the First Schleswig War .'}]}, {'value': '9:13.46', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anna Emilie Møller', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anna_Emilie_Møller', 'summary': 'Anna Emilie Møller ( born 28 July 1997 ) is a Danish athlete competing in the 3000 metres steeplechase . She represented her country at the 2016 Summer Olympics without qualifying for the final . In her heat , however , she set the new national and European junior record in the event .'}]}, {'value': '30 September 2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Doha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Khalifa_International_Stadium', 'summary': "Khalifa International Stadium ( Arabic : ملعب خليفة الدولي , romanized : Istād Khalīfah ) , also known as National Stadium , is a multi-purpose stadium in Doha , Qatar , as part of the Doha Sports City complex , which also includes Aspire Academy , Hamad Aquatic Centre , and the Aspire Tower . It is named after Khalifa bin Hamad Al Thani , Qatar 's former Emir . The final of 2011 AFC Asian Cup was held at this stadium . The stadium is also the first completed venue that will host a part of the 2022 FIFA World Cup . In 2017 , it received a four-star rating from the Global Sustainability Assessment System ( GSAS ) , the first in the world to be awarded this rating ."}]}, {'value': 'Turkey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Turkey', 'summary': "Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye [ ˈtyɾcije ] ) , officially the Republic of Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye Cumhuriyeti [ ˈtyɾcije dʒumˈhuːɾijeti ] ( listen ) ) , is a transcontinental country located mostly on the Anatolian peninsula in Western Asia , with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeastern Europe . East Thrace , the part of Turkey in Europe , is separated from Anatolia by the Sea of Marmara , the Bosporus and the Dardanelles ( collectively called the Turkish Straits ) . Istanbul , mostly located on the European side , is the largest city in the country while Ankara is the capital . Turkey is bordered by Greece and Bulgaria to its northwest , the Black Sea to its north , Georgia to its northeast , Armenia , the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to its east , Iraq and Syria to its southeast , the Mediterranean Sea to its south , and the Aegean Sea to its west . Approximately 70 to 80 percent of the country 's citizens identify as Turkish , while Kurds are the largest minority at anywhere from 15 to 20 percent of the population . At various points in its history , the region has been inhabited by diverse civilisations including the Assyrians , Greeks , Thracians , Phrygians , Urartians , and Armenians . Hellenization started during the era of Alexander the Great and continued into the Byzantine era . The Seljuk Turks began migrating into the area in the 11th century , and their victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 symbolises the start and foundation of Turkey . The Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243 , when it disintegrated into small principalities called beyliks . Beginning in the late 13th century , the Ottomans started uniting beyliks and conquering the Balkans . After Mehmed II conquered Constantinople in 1453 , Ottoman expansion continued under Selim I . During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent the Ottoman Empire encompassed much of Southeast Europe , West Asia and North Africa and became a world power ."}]}, {'value': '9:13.53', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gülcan Mıngır', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gülcan_Mıngır', 'summary': 'Gülcan Mıngır ( pronounced [ ˈɟyldʒan ˈmɯnɡɯɾ ] ; born May 21 , 1989 in Döğer , İhsaniye , Afyonkarahisar Province , Turkey ) is a Turkish female middle distance runner specialized in 3000 m steeplechase . She was a member of Fenerbahçe Athletics Club before she transferred to Üsküdar Belediyespor . She is coached by İhsan Alptekin . Mıngır is 1.65 m ( 5 ft 5 in ) tall and weighs 53 kg ( 117 lb ) . Currently , Gülcan Mıngır is a student of physical education and sports at Dumlupınar University in Kütahya . She is the gold medalist of the 3000 m steeplechase event at the 2011 European Athletics U23 Championships held in Ostrava , Czech Republic . Gülcan Mıngır qualified to participate at the 2012 Summer Olympics . At the 2013 Mediterranean Games held in Mersin , Turkey , she won the bronze medal in the 3000 m st event .'}]}, {'value': '9 June 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sofia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vasil_Levski_National_Stadium', 'summary': "Vasil Levski National Stadium ( Bulgarian : Национален стадион „ Васил Левски ) , named after Bulgarian national hero and revolutionary Vasil Levski , is the country 's second largest stadium . The stadium has 44,000 seats and is located in the centre of Sofia , on the territory of the city 's oldest and most famous park - the Borisova gradina . The Bulgaria national football team 's home matches and the Bulgarian Cup finals are held at the venue , as well as athletics competitions . It was used as the home venue for Levski Sofia 's Champions League games , and is often used for important derbies between the big clubs from Sofia , instead of their own home stadiums ."}]}, {'value': 'Jamaica', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jamaica', 'summary': "Jamaica ( /dʒəˈmeɪkə/ ( listen ) ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea . Spanning 10,990 square kilometres ( 4,240 sq mi ) in area , it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean ( after Cuba and Hispaniola ) . Jamaica lies about 145 kilometres ( 90 mi ) south of Cuba , and 191 kilometres ( 119 mi ) west of Hispaniola ( the island containing the countries of Haiti and the Dominican Republic ) ; the British Overseas Territory of the Cayman Islands lies some 215 kilometres ( 134 mi ) to the north-west . Originally inhabited by the indigenous Arawak and Taíno peoples , the island came under Spanish rule following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1494 . Many of the indigenous people were either killed or died of diseases to which they had no immunity , and the Spanish thus forcibly transplanted large numbers of African slaves to Jamaica as labourers . The island remained a possession of Spain until 1655 , when England ( later Great Britain ) conquered it , renaming it Jamaica . Under British colonial rule Jamaica became a leading sugar exporter , with a plantation economy dependent on the African slaves and later their descendants . The British fully emancipated all slaves in 1838 , and many freedmen chose to have subsistence farms rather than to work on plantations . Beginning in the 1840s , the British began utilising Chinese and Indian indentured labour to work on plantations . The island achieved independence from the United Kingdom on 6 August 1962 . With 2.9 million people , Jamaica is the third-most populous Anglophone country in the Americas ( after the United States and Canada ) , and the fourth-most populous country in the Caribbean . Kingston is the country 's capital and largest city ."}]}, {'value': '9:14.09', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aisha Praught-Leer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aisha_Praught-Leer', 'summary': "Aisha Praught-Leer ( born 14 December 1989 in Moline , Illinois ) is a female middle-distance runner from Illinois competing for Jamaica . She attended Woodrow Wilson Middle School . Praught competed in Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics after running the 1500 meters and steeplechase standards in 2015 . Praught competed in the Women 's 3000 metres steeplechase event at the 2015 World Championships in Athletics in Beijing , China , but was disqualified . She was the gold medalist in the steeplechase at the 2018 Commonwealth Games ."}]}, {'value': '31 August 2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brussels', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belarus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belarus', 'summary': "Belarus ( /bɛləˈruːs/ ; Belarusian : Беларусь , IPA : [ bʲɛlaˈrusʲ ] ) , officially the Republic of Belarus ( Belarusian : Рэспубліка Беларусь , Russian : Республика Беларусь ) , formerly known by its Russian name Byelorussia or Belorussia ( Russian : Белоруссия ) , is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe bordered by Russia to the northeast , Ukraine to the south , Poland to the west , and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest . Its capital and most populous city is Minsk . Over 40% of its 207,600 square kilometres ( 80,200 sq mi ) is forested . Its major economic sectors are service industries and manufacturing . Until the 20th century , different states at various times controlled the lands of modern-day Belarus , including the Principality of Polotsk ( 11th to 14th centuries ) , the Grand Duchy of Lithuania , the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , and the Russian Empire . In the aftermath of the 1917 Russian Revolution , Belarus declared independence as the Belarusian People 's Republic , which was conquered by Soviet Russia . The Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia became a founding constituent republic of the Soviet Union in 1922 and was renamed as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic ( Byelorussian SSR ) . Belarus lost almost half of its territory to Poland after the Polish-Soviet War of 1919-1921 . Much of the borders of Belarus took their modern shape in 1939 , when some lands of the Second Polish Republic were reintegrated into it after the Soviet invasion of Poland , and were finalized after World War II . During WWII , military operations devastated Belarus , which lost about a quarter of its population and half of its economic resources . The republic was redeveloped in the post-war years . In 1945 the Byelorussian SSR became a founding member of the United Nations , along with the Soviet Union and the Ukrainian SSR ."}]}, {'value': '9:16.51', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alesya Turova', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alesya_Turova', 'summary': 'Alesia Turava ( Belarusian : Алеся Турава ; born 6 December 1979 ) is a Belarusian middle distance runner . She is a former world record holder in 3000 metre steeplechase with 9:16.51 minutes , achieved in Gdansk on 27 July 2002 . Still , Turava mostly competes over 1500 metres . Her sister , Ryta Turava , also competes in the sport of athletics ( 20 km race walk ) .'}]}, {'value': '27 July 2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gdańsk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gdańsk', 'summary': "Gdańsk ( /ɡəˈdænsk/ , also US : /ɡəˈdɑːnsk/ , Polish : [ ɡdaj̃sk ] ( listen ) ; Kashubian : Gduńsk ; German : Danzig [ ˈdantsɪç ] ( listen ) ) is a city on the Baltic coast of northern Poland . With a population of 468,158 , Gdańsk is the capital and largest city of the Pomeranian Voivodeship and one of the most prominent cities within the cultural and geographical region of Kashubia . It is Poland 's principal seaport and the centre of the country 's fourth-largest metropolitan area . The city is situated on the southern edge of Gdańsk Bay on the Baltic Sea , in a conurbation with the city of Gdynia , the resort town of Sopot , and suburban communities ; these form a metropolitan area called the Tricity ( Trójmiasto ) , with a population approaching 1.4 million . Gdańsk lies at the mouth of the Motława River , connected to the Leniwka , a branch in the delta of the nearby Vistula River , which drains 60 percent of Poland and connects Gdańsk with the Polish capital , Warsaw . Together with the nearby port of Gdynia , Gdańsk is also a notable industrial centre . The city 's history is complex , with periods of Polish , Prussian and German rule , and periods of autonomy or self-rule as a free city state . In the early-modern age , Gdańsk was a royal city of Poland . It was considered the wealthiest and the largest city of Poland , before the 18th century rapid growth of Warsaw . In the late Middle Ages it was an important seaport and shipbuilding town and , in the 14th and 15th centuries , a member of the Hanseatic League . In the interwar period , owing to its multi-ethnic make-up and history , Gdańsk lay in a disputed region between Poland and Germany , which became known as the Polish Corridor . The city 's ambiguous political status was exploited , furthering tension between the two countries , which would ultimately culminate in the Invasion of Poland and the first clash of the Second World War just outside the city limits , followed by the flight and expulsion of the majority of the previous population in 1945 ."}]}, {'value': 'Romania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romania', 'summary': "Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania ."}]}, {'value': '9:16.85', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cristina Casandra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cristina_Casandra', 'summary': 'Cristina Casandra , née Iloc ( born 1 February 1977 in Zalău ) is a Romanian long-distance runner who specializes mainly in the 3000 metres steeplechase . She took up the event in 2000 , having initially specialized in the 5000 metres . She was the bronze medallist at the Balkan Cross Country Championships in March 2011 . She finished 5th at the 2008 Summer Olympics , but did not reach the final at the 2012 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': '17 August 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beijing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beijing', 'summary': "Beijing ( /ˌbeɪˈdʒɪŋ/ BAY-JING , /ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ/ BAY-ZHING ; Mandarin pronunciation : [ pèi.tɕíŋ ] ( listen ) ) , formerly romanized as Peking ( /ˌpiːˈkɪŋ/ PEE-KING ) , is the capital of the People 's Republic of China , the world 's third most populous city proper , and most populous capital city . The city , located in northern China , is governed as a municipality under the direct administration of the central government with 16 urban , suburban , and rural districts . Beijing Municipality is surrounded by Hebei Province with the exception of neighboring Tianjin Municipality to the southeast ; together , the three divisions form the Jingjinji metropolitan region and the national capital region of China . Beijing is an important world capital and global power city , and one of the world 's leading centers for culture , diplomacy and politics , business and economy , education , language , and science and technology . A megacity , Beijing is the second largest Chinese city by urban population after Shanghai and is the nation 's cultural , educational , and political center . It is home to the headquarters of most of China 's largest state-owned companies and houses the largest number of Fortune Global 500 companies in the world , as well as the world 's four biggest financial institutions . It is also a major hub for the national highway , expressway , railway , and high-speed rail networks . The Beijing Capital International Airport has been the second busiest in the world by passenger traffic since 2010 , and , as of 2016 [ update ] , the city 's subway network is the busiest and longest in the world . Combining both modern and traditional architecture , Beijing is one of the oldest cities in the world , with a rich history dating back three millennia . As the last of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China , Beijing has been the political center of the country for most of the past eight centuries , and was the largest city in the world by population for much of the second millennium AD . Encyclopædia Britannica notes that few cities in the world have served for so long as the political headquarters and cultural center of an area as immense as China . With mountains surrounding the inland city on three sides , in addition to the old inner and outer city walls , Beijing was strategically poised and developed to be the residence of the emperor and thus was the perfect location for the imperial capital ."}]}, {'value': 'Poland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Poland', 'summary': "Poland ( Polish : Polska [ ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Poland ( Polish : Rzeczpospolita Polska [ c ] [ ʐɛt͡ʂpɔˈspɔlita ˈpɔlska ] ( listen ) ) , is a country located in Central Europe . It is divided into 16 administrative subdivisions , covering an area of 312,696 square kilometres ( 120,733 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With a population of nearly 38.5 million people , Poland is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union . Poland 's capital and largest metropolis is Warsaw . Other major cities include Kraków , Łódź , Wrocław , Poznań , Gdańsk , and Szczecin . Poland is bordered by the Baltic Sea , Lithuania , and Russia 's Kaliningrad Oblast to the north , Belarus and Ukraine to the east , Slovakia and the Czech Republic to the south , and Germany to the west . The history of human activity on Polish soil spans almost 500,000 years . Throughout the Iron Age the area became extensively diverse , with various cultures and tribes settling on the vast Central European Plain . However , it was the Western Polans who dominated the region and gave Poland its name . The establishment of Polish statehood can be traced to AD 966 , when Mieszko I , ruler of the realm coextensive with the territory of present-day Poland , converted to Christianity . The Kingdom of Poland was founded in 1025 , and in 1569 it cemented its longstanding political association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by signing the Union of Lublin . This union formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , one of the largest ( over 1,000,000 square kilometres - 400,000 square miles ) and most populous countries of 16th and 17th century Europe , with a uniquely liberal political system which adopted Europe 's first written national constitution , the Constitution of 3 May 1791 ."}]}, {'value': '9:17.15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wioletta Janowska', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wioletta_Janowska', 'summary': 'Wioletta Frankiewicz ( née Janowska ) ( born June 9 , 1977 in Piotrków Trybunalski ) is a Polish runner . She competes in the 1500 metres , but she competes also in the 3000 metre steeplechase event , as she did in the 10th IAAF World Championships in Athletics in Helsinki , Finland . She weighs 58 kilograms and is 1.77 metres tall . She won National Indoor Championships in 2003 ( 800 m ) . She also won the National outdoor championships in 2004 ( 5000 m ) and in 2005 ( 1500 m ) . She won the bronze medal in the inaugural 3000 m steeplechase for women at the 2006 European Athletics Championships in Gothenburg .'}]}, {'value': '3 July 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Athens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athens', 'summary': "Athens ( /ˈæθɪnz/ ATH-inz ; Greek : Αθήνα , romanized : Athína [ aˈθina ] ( listen ) ; Ancient Greek : Ἀθῆναι , romanized : Athênai ( pl . ) [ atʰɛ̂ːnai̯ ] ) is the capital and largest city of Greece . Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world 's oldest cities , with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years and its earliest human presence started somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennium BC . Classical Athens was a powerful city-state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus . A center for the arts , learning and philosophy , home of Plato 's Academy and Aristotle 's Lyceum , it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy , largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent , and in particular the Romans . In modern times , Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic , financial , industrial , maritime , political and cultural life in Greece . Athens is a global city and one of the biggest economic centers in southeastern Europe . It has a large financial sector , and its port Piraeus is both the largest passenger port in Europe , and the second largest in the world . The Municipality of Athens ( also City of Athens ) , which actually constitutes a small administrative unit of the entire city , had a population of 664,046 ( in 2011 ) within its official limits , and a land area of 38.96 km2 ( 15.04 sq mi ) . The urban area of Athens ( Greater Athens and Greater Piraeus ) extends beyond its administrative municipal city limits , with a population of 3,090,508 ( in 2011 ) over an area of 412 km2 ( 159 sq mi ) . According to Eurostat in 2011 , the functional urban area ( FUA ) of Athens was the 9th most populous FUA in the European Union ( the 6th most populous capital city of the EU ) , with a population of 3.8 million people . Athens is also the southernmost capital on the European mainland and the warmest major city in Europe ."}]}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australia', 'summary': "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ."}]}, {'value': '9:18.35', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Donna MacFarlane', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Donna_MacFarlane', 'summary': "Donna Tyberek-MacFarlane ( born 18 June 1977 in Melbourne , Victoria ) is an Australian middle distance and steeplechase runner . She set both an Australian record and her personal best time of 9:18.35 , by finishing third in the women 's 3000 metres steeplechase at the 2008 IAAF Golden League Meeting in Oslo , Norway ."}]}, {'value': '6 June 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oslo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oslo', 'summary': "Oslo ( /ˈɒzloʊ/ OZ-loh , also US : /ˈɒsloʊ/ OSS-loh , Norwegian : [ ˈʊ̂ʂlʊ ] ( listen ) , rarely [ ˈʊ̂slʊ , ˈʊ̀ʂlʊ ] ) is the capital and most populous city of Norway . It constitutes both a county and a municipality . During the Viking Age the area was part of Viken , the northernmost Danish province . Oslo was founded as a city at the end of the Viking Age in the year 1040 under the name Ánslo , and established as a kaupstad or trading place in 1048 by Harald Hardrada . The city was elevated to a bishopric in 1070 and a capital under Haakon V of Norway around 1300 . Personal unions with Denmark from 1397 to 1523 and again from 1536 to 1814 reduced its influence . After being destroyed by a fire in 1624 , during the reign of King Christian IV , a new city was built closer to Akershus Fortress and named Christiania in the king 's honour . It was established as a municipality ( formannskapsdistrikt ) on 1 January 1838 . The city functioned as the capital of Norway during the 1814-1905 union between Sweden and Norway . From 1877 , the city 's name was spelled Kristiania in government usage , a spelling that was adopted by the municipal authorities only in 1897 . In 1925 the city , after incorporating the village retaining its former name , was renamed Oslo . In 1948 Oslo merged with Aker , a municipality which surrounded the capital and which was 27 times larger , thus creating the modern , vastly enlarged Oslo municipality ."}]}, {'value': 'Portugal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portugal', 'summary': "Portugal ( Portuguese : [ puɾtuˈɣal ] ) , officially the Portuguese Republic ( Portuguese : República Portuguesa [ ʁɛˈpuβlikɐ puɾtuˈɣezɐ ] ) , [ note 5 ] is a country located mostly on the Iberian Peninsula , in southwestern Europe . It is the westernmost sovereign state of mainland Europe , being bordered to the west and south by the Atlantic Ocean and to the north and east by Spain . Its territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira , both autonomous regions with their own regional governments . Portugal is the oldest nation state on the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe and the world , its territory having been continuously settled , invaded and fought over since prehistoric times . The pre-Celtic people , Iberians , Celts , Carthaginians and Romans were followed by the invasions of the Visigoths and Suebi Germanic peoples . After the Muslim conquests of the Iberian Peninsula , most of the territory was part of Al-Andalus until their expulsion . Portugal as a country was established during the early Christian Reconquista . Founded in 868 , the County of Portugal gained prominence after the Battle of São Mamede in 1128 . The Kingdom of Portugal was later proclaimed following the Battle of Ourique in 1139 , and independence from León was recognised by the Treaty of Zamora in 1143 . On 12 December 2017 , the Portuguese Navy commemorated the 700th anniversary of its official creation by King Denis of Portugal . Tracing its origins back to the 12th century , it is the oldest continuously serving navy in the world . In the 15th and 16th centuries , Portugal established the first global empire , becoming one of the world 's major economic , political and military powers ."}]}, {'value': '9:18.54', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jessica Augusto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jessica_Augusto', 'summary': 'Jéssica de Barros Augusto , ComM ( born 8 November 1981 ) is a Portuguese runner who competes in cross country , road running and in middle-distance and long-distance track events . At club level , she represents Sporting CP . Augusto has enjoyed much success at the European Cross Country Championships . She won the event in 2010 , was the runner-up in 2008 , and shared in the team gold on three occasions . She was the first European-born runner to finish at the 2010 IAAF World Cross Country Championships , although she was 21st overall . She has represented Portugal in three World Championships in Athletics and at the 2008 Beijing Olympics and the 2012 London Olympics . She has won medals on the track at minor championships , including golds at the 2007 Summer Universiade and 2009 Lusophony Games . In road running , her greatest achievement is a win at the 2009 Great North Run , where she set a half marathon best of 1:09:08 . She has also won at the Cursa Bombers , and finished second at both the São Silvestre de Lisboa and Great South Run .'}]}, {'value': '9 June 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Huelva', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Huelva', 'summary': 'Huelva ( US : /ˈwɛlvə , ˈ ( h ) wɛlvɑː/ , Spanish : [ ˈwelβa ] ) is a city in southwestern Spain , the capital of the province of Huelva in the autonomous community of Andalusia . It is located along the Gulf of Cádiz coast , in the estuary formed by the confluence of the Odiel and Tinto rivers . According to the 2010 census , the city had a population of 149,410 . Huelva is home to Recreativo de Huelva , the oldest football club in Spain . It has been tentatively defended the existence of pre-Phoenician settlement on the current urban limits since circa 1250 BC , with Phoenicians establishing a stable colony roughly by the 9th century BC .'}]}, {'value': 'India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/India', 'summary': 'India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .'}]}, {'value': '9:19.76', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lalita Babar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lalita_Babar', 'summary': 'Lalita Babar ( born 2 June 1989 ) is an Indian long-distance runner . She was born in a small village in the Satara district , Maharashtra . She predominantly competes in the 3000 metres steeplechase and is the current Indian national record holder and the reigning Asian Champion in the same event . Babar was named as the Sports Person of the Year in the India Sports Awards 2015 organised by Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry ( FICCI ) and the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports of India . She was recently honored with prestigious Arjuna Award 2016 by the President of India for her contribution in the field of athletics . She is currently supported by Anglian Medal Hunt Company .'}]}, {'value': '13 August 2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rio de Janeiro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Estádio_Olímpico_João_Havelange', 'summary': 'The Estádio Olímpico Nilton Santos , formerly the Estádio Olímpico João Havelange ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ iʃˈtadʒw oˈɫĩpiku ˈʒwɐ̃w̃ ɐveˈlɐ̃ʒi ] ; English : João Havelange Olympic Stadium ) , is a multi-purpose stadium located in the neighbourhood of Engenho de Dentro in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil . It is used mostly for football matches and athletics and is the home stadium of the football club Botafogo . The stadium was built by a consortium under the leadership of Odebrecht S.A. , from 2003 through to 2007 , opening in time for the 2007 Pan American Games . It hosted the athletics competitions at the 2016 Summer Olympics and the 2016 Summer Paralympics . The stadium is known by a number of names . The nickname Engenhão ( [ ẽʒẽˈɲɐ̃w̃ ] ) refers to the location of the stadium . The stadium was named after former FIFA president and International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) member João Havelange . Havelange died after an attack of pneumonia during the 2016 Olympics at age 100 . Between 2015 and 2017 the Rio municipality allowed Botafogo to refer to the stadium as Estádio Nilton Santos ( English : Nilton Santos Stadium ) . The name honors Nilton Santos , regarded as one of the greatest defenders in the history of the game and a member of the World Team of the 20th Century . Botafogo made initial efforts to have the name change official but this was not immediately successful . In February 2017 , the city of Rio de Janeiro officially renamed the stadium Estádio Olímpico Nilton Santos .'}]}, {'value': 'Morocco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morocco', 'summary': "Morocco ( /məˈrɒkoʊ/ ( listen ) ; Arabic : المغرب , romanized : al-maġhrib , lit . 'place the sun sets ; the west ' ; Standard Moroccan Tamazight : ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ , romanized : lmeɣrib ; French : Maroc ) , officially the Kingdom of Morocco ( Arabic : المملكة المغربية , romanized : al-mamlakah al-maghribiyah , lit . 'The Western Kingdom ' ; Standard Moroccan Tamazight : ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ , romanized : tageldit n lmaɣrib ; French : Royaume du Maroc ) , is a country located in the Maghreb region of North Africa . It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west , with land border with Algeria to the east and Western Sahara to the south ( status disputed ) . Morocco also claims the exclaves of Ceuta , Melilla and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera , all of them under Spanish jurisdiction , as well as several small Spanish-controlled islands of its coast . The capital is Rabat and the largest city is Casablanca . Morocco spans an area of 710,850 km2 ( 274,460 sq mi ) and has a population of over 36 million . Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD , the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties , reaching its zenith under Almoravid and Almohad rule , when it spanned parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa . The Marinid and Saadi dynasties resisted foreign domination into the 17th century , allowing Morocco to remain the only northwest African country to avoid Ottoman occupation . The Alaouite dynasty , which rules to this day , seized power in 1631 . The country 's strategic location near the mouth of the Mediterranean attracted the interest of Europe , and in 1912 , Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates , with an international zone in Tangier . It regained its independence in 1956 , and has since remained comparatively stable and prosperous by regional standards , with the fifth largest economy in Africa ."}]}, {'value': '9:20.64', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Salima El Ouali Alami', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salima_El_Ouali_Alami', 'summary': 'Salima Elouali Alami ( born 29 December 1983 ) is a Moroccan athlete . She was born in Karia Ba Mohamed . She competed in the 3000 metres steeplechase at the 2012 Summer Olympics , placing 26th with a time of 9:44.62 .'}]}, {'value': '17 July 2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fontvieille', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stade_Louis_II', 'summary': 'The Stade Louis II ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ stad ( ə ) lwi dø ] ) is a stadium located in the Fontvieille district of Monaco . It serves primarily as a venue for football , being the home of AS Monaco and the Monaco national football team . The stadium is most notable for its distinctive nine arches at the away end of the ground . The arena is also used for the Herculis , a track and field meet of the IAAF Diamond League . From 1998 to 2012 , the stadium hosted the annual UEFA Super Cup match .'}]}], 'section_title': 'National records -- Women', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '3000_metres_steeplechase_3', 'intro': 'The 3000 metres steeplechase or 3000-meter steeplechase is the most common distance for the steeplechase in track and field. It is an obstacle race over the distance of the 3000 metres, which derives its name from the horse racing steeplechase.'}
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What medal did the runner who ran the 3000 metres steeplechase in 9:00.85 Monaco win at the 2017 World Championships ?
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{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Jewish_actors', 'title': 'List of Jewish actors', 'header': ['Name', 'Years', 'Nationality/profession'], 'data': [{'value': 'Mason Adams', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mason_Adams', 'summary': 'Mason Adams ( February 26 , 1919 - April 26 , 2005 ) was an American character actor and voice-over artist . From the late 1940s until the early 1970s he was heard in numerous radio programs and voiceovers for television commercials , the later of which he resumed in the 1980s and 90s . In the early 1970s he moved into acting and from 1977 to 1982 held perhaps his most known role , that of Managing Editor Charlie Hume on Lou Grant . He also acted in numerous other television and movie roles , most prominently Omen III : The Final Conflict ( 1981 ) and F/X ( 1986 ) .'}]}, {'value': '1919-2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'American character actor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jean-Pierre Aumont', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Aumont', 'summary': "Jean-Pierre Aumont ( 5 January 1911 - 30 January 2001 ) was a French actor , and holder of the Legion d'Honneur and the Croix de Guerre for his World War II military service ."}]}, {'value': '1911-2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'French-born actor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Martin Balsam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Martin_Balsam', 'summary': "Martin Henry Balsam ( November 4 , 1919 - February 13 , 1996 ) was an American character actor . He is best known for a number of renowned film roles , including detective Milton Arbogast in Alfred Hitchcock 's Psycho ( 1960 ) , Arnold Burns in A Thousand Clowns ( 1965 ) ( for which he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor ) , Juror # 1 in 12 Angry Men ( 1957 ) , and Mr. Green in The Taking of Pelham One Two Three ( 1974 ) , as well as for his role as Murray Klein in the television sitcom Archie Bunker 's Place ( 1979-1983 ) ."}]}, {'value': '1919-1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'American actor , Academy award winner', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Banner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Banner', 'summary': "John Banner ( born Johann Banner , 28 January 1910 - 28 January 1973 ) was an Austrian-born American film and television actor . He is best known for his role as Master Sergeant Schultz in the situation comedy Hogan 's Heroes ( 1965-1971 ) . Schultz , constantly encountering evidence that the inmates of his stalag were planning mayhem , frequently feigned ignorance with the catchphrase , I see nothing ! I hear nothing ! I know nothing ! ( or , more commonly as the series went on , I know nothing , nothing ! ) ."}]}, {'value': '1910-1973', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Austrian/American actor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oscar Beregi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oscar_Beregi_(actor,_born_1918)', 'summary': 'Oscar Beregi Jr. ( May 12 , 1918 - November 1 , 1976 ) was a Hungarian-born film and television actor . He was the son of actor Oscar Beregi Sr. and often was billed simply as Oscar Beregi . Beregi was most famous for his roles in The Twilight Zone .'}]}, {'value': '1918-1976', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hungarian actor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Red Buttons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Red_Buttons', 'summary': 'Red Buttons ( born Aaron Chwatt ; February 5 , 1919 - July 13 , 2006 ) was an American actor and comedian . He won an Oscar and a Golden Globe for his supporting role in the 1957 film Sayonara .'}]}, {'value': '1919-2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'American Academy Award-winning comedian and actor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kitty Carlisle Hart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kitty_Carlisle_Hart', 'summary': 'Catherine Conn ( September 3 , 1910 - April 17 , 2007 ) , better known professionally as Kitty Carlisle and also billed as Kitty Carlisle Hart , was an American stage and screen actress , singer and spokeswoman for the arts . She is best remembered as a regular panelist on the television game show To Tell the Truth . She served 20 years on the New York State Council on the Arts . In 1991 , she received the National Medal of Arts from President George H. W. Bush . She was inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame in 1999 .'}]}, {'value': '1910-2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'American singer , actress , and spokeswoman for the arts', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'William Castle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Castle', 'summary': "William Castle ( April 24 , 1914 - May 31 , 1977 ) was an American film director , producer , screenwriter , and actor . Orphaned at 11 , Castle dropped out of high school at 15 to work in the theater . He came to the attention of Columbia Pictures for his talent for promotion and was hired . He learned the trade of filmmaking and became a director , acquiring a reputation for the ability to churn out competent B-movies quickly and on budget . He eventually struck out on his own , producing and directing thrillers , which , despite their low budgets , were effectively promoted with gimmicks , a trademark for which he is best known . He was also the producer for Rosemary 's Baby ."}]}, {'value': '1914-1977', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'American actor and filmmaker', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jeff Chandler', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jeff_Chandler_(actor)', 'summary': "Jeff Chandler ( born Ira Grossel ; December 15 , 1918 - June 17 , 1961 ) was an American actor , film producer and singer best remembered for playing Cochise in Broken Arrow ( 1950 ) , for which he was Oscar nominated . He was one of Universal Pictures 's more popular male stars of the 1950s . His other credits include Sword in the Desert ( 1948 ) , Deported ( 1950 ) , Female on the Beach ( 1955 ) and Away All Boats ( 1956 ) . In addition to his acting , he was known for his good looks , his distinguished gray hair , and his musical recordings ."}]}, {'value': '1918-1961', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'American film actor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lee J. Cobb', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lee_J._Cobb', 'summary': "Lee J. Cobb ( born Leo Jacoby ; December 8 , 1911 - February 11 , 1976 ) was an American actor . He is best known for his performances in On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) , 12 Angry Men ( 1957 ) , and The Exorcist ( 1973 ) . He also played the role of Willy Loman in the original Broadway production of Arthur Miller 's 1949 play Death of a Salesman under the direction of Elia Kazan . On television , Cobb starred in the first four seasons of the Western series The Virginian . He typically played arrogant , intimidating and abrasive characters , but often had roles as respectable figures such as judges and police officers . He was twice nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor , for The Brothers Karamazov ( 1958 ) and On the Waterfront ( 1954 ) ."}]}, {'value': '1911-1976', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'American film actor , Academy Award-nominated', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arnold Diamond', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arnold_Diamond', 'summary': "Arnold Diamond ( 18 April 1915 - 18 March 1992 ) was an English character actor , regularly cast in small parts on television . He graduated from RADA in 1936 , and his stage work included the RSC , and three years in Agatha Christie 's The Mousetrap in the West End ( 1954-1957 ) . In a long career , he was cast in a variety of roles , but frequently in 'foreigner ' roles , and often as policemen . Indeed , his most remembered role is probably that of Colonel Latignant in the 1960s ITC series The Saint with Roger Moore . The character of Latignant was one of the few recurring characters in the series ' long run . Towards the end of his career he appeared in the BBC comedy series In Sickness and in Health as Alf Garnett 's neighbour Mr Rabinsky ."}]}, {'value': '1915-1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'English actor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anton Diffring', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anton_Diffring', 'summary': 'Anton Diffring ( born Alfred Pollack , 20 October 1916 - 19 May 1989 ) was a German character actor , who had an extensive career in England from the 1940s to the 1980s in cinema films and television .'}]}, {'value': '1916-1989', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'German actor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kirk Douglas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kirk_Douglas', 'summary': 'Kirk Douglas ( born Issur Danielovitch ; December 9 , 1916 - February 5 , 2020 ) was an American actor , producer , director , philanthropist , and writer . After an impoverished childhood with immigrant parents and six sisters , he made his film debut in The Strange Love of Martha Ivers ( 1946 ) with Barbara Stanwyck . Douglas soon developed into a leading box-office star throughout the 1950s , known for serious dramas , including westerns and war films . During his career , he appeared in more than 90 films . Douglas was known for his explosive acting style , which he displayed as a criminal defense attorney in Town Without Pity ( 1961 ) . Douglas became an international star through positive reception for his leading role as an unscrupulous boxing hero in Champion ( 1949 ) , which brought him his first nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor . His other early films include Young Man with a Horn ( 1950 ) , playing opposite Lauren Bacall and Doris Day , Ace in the Hole opposite Jan Sterling ( 1951 ) , and Detective Story ( 1951 ) , for which he received a Golden Globe nomination as Best Actor in a Drama . He received a second Oscar nomination for his dramatic role in The Bad and the Beautiful ( 1952 ) , opposite Lana Turner , and his third nomination for portraying Vincent van Gogh in Lust for Life ( 1956 ) , which landed him a second Golden Globe nomination . In 1955 , he established Bryna Productions , which began producing films as varied as Paths of Glory ( 1957 ) and Spartacus ( 1960 ) . In those two films , he collaborated with the then-relatively-unknown director Stanley Kubrick , taking lead roles in both films . Douglas has been praised for helping to break the Hollywood blacklist by having Dalton Trumbo write Spartacus with an official on-screen credit . He produced and starred in Lonely Are the Brave ( 1962 ) , considered a classic , and Seven Days in May ( 1964 ) , opposite Burt Lancaster , with whom he made seven films .'}]}, {'value': '1916-2020', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'American film star', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rahela Ferari', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rahela_Ferari', 'summary': 'Bella Rochel Fraynd ( 27 August 1911 - 12 February 1994 ) , known as Rahela Ferari , was a Serbian actress who appeared in more than ninety films from 1951 to 1993 . She was of Ashkenazi ( Jewish ) origin .'}]}, {'value': '1911-1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Serbian actor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eva Gabor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eva_Gabor', 'summary': "Eva Gabor ( /ˌeɪvə ɡəˈbɔːr , - ˈɡɑːbɔːr/ AY-və gə-BOR , -\u2060 GAH-bor ; February 11 , 1919 - July 4 , 1995 ) was a Hungarian-American actress , businesswoman , singer , and socialite . She was widely known for her role on the 1965-71 television sitcom Green Acres as Lisa Douglas , the wife of Eddie Albert 's character , Oliver Wendell Douglas . She voiced Duchess in the Disney film The Aristocats , and Miss Bianca in Disney 's The Rescuers and The Rescuers Down Under . Gabor was successful as an actress in film , on Broadway and on television . She was also a successful businesswoman , marketing wigs , clothing and beauty products . Her elder sisters , Zsa Zsa and Magda Gabor , were also actresses and socialites ."}]}, {'value': '1919-1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hungarian-American socialite , film star', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Socialite', 'summary': 'A socialite is a person ( usually from a wealthy , or aristocratic background ) who plays a prominent role in high society . A socialite spends a significant amount of time attending various fashionable social gatherings .'}]}, {'value': 'Zsa Zsa Gabor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zsa_Zsa_Gabor', 'summary': "Zsa Zsa Gabor ( /ˌʒɑːʒɑː ˈɡɑːbɔːr , - ɡəˈbɔːr/ ZHAH-zhah GAH-bor , -\u2060 gə-BOR , Hungarian : [ ˈʒɒʒɒ ˈɡaːbor ] ; born Sári Gábor [ ˈʃaːri ˈɡaːbor ] ; February 6 , 1917 - December 18 , 2016 ) was a Hungarian-American actress and socialite . Her sisters were actresses Eva and Magda Gabor . Gabor began her stage career in Vienna and was crowned Miss Hungary in 1936 . She emigrated from Hungary to the United States in 1941 . Becoming a sought-after actress with European flair and style , she was considered to have a personality that exuded charm and grace . Her first film role was a supporting role in Lovely to Look At . She later acted in We 're Not Married ! and played one of her few leading roles in the John Huston-directed film , Moulin Rouge ( 1952 ) . Huston would later describe her as a creditable actress . Outside her acting career , Gabor was known for her extravagant Hollywood lifestyle , her glamorous personality , and her many marriages . In total , Gabor had nine husbands , including hotel magnate Conrad Hilton and actor George Sanders . She once stated , Men have always liked me and I have always liked men ."}]}, {'value': '1917-2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hungarian-American socialite , film star , former beauty queen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beauty_queen', 'summary': "A beauty pageant or beauty contest is a competition that has traditionally focused on judging and ranking the physical attributes of the contestants , although most contests have evolved to also incorporate personality traits , intelligence , talent , and a contestant 's ability to answer judges ' questions on various subjects as judged criteria . The term refers largely to contests for women such as the Big Four international beauty pageants . The organizers of each pageant may determine the rules of the competition , including the age range of contestants . The rules may also require the contestants to be unmarried , and be virtuous , amateur , and available for promotions , besides other criteria . It may also set the clothing standards in which contestants will be judged , including the type of swimsuit . Beauty pageants are generally multi-tiered , with local competitions feeding into the larger competitions . For example , the international pageants have hundreds or thousands of local competitions . Child beauty pageants mainly focus on beauty , gowns , sportswear modelling , talent , and personal interviews . Adult and teen pageants focus on makeup , hair and gowns , swimsuit modelling , and personal interviews . A winner of a beauty contest is often called a beauty queen . The rankings of the contestants are referred to as placements . Possible awards of beauty contests include titles , tiaras , crowns , sashes , scepters , savings bonds , scholarships , and prize money ."}]}, {'value': 'John Garfield', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Garfield', 'summary': "John Garfield ( born Jacob Julius Garfinkle , March 4 , 1913 - May 21 , 1952 ) was an American actor who played brooding , rebellious , working-class characters . He grew up in poverty in New York City . In the early 1930s , he became a member of the Group Theater . In 1937 , he moved to Hollywood , eventually becoming one of Warner Bros. ' stars . Called to testify before the U.S. Congressional House Committee on Un-American Activities ( HUAC ) , he denied communist affiliation and refused to name names , effectively ending his film career . Some have alleged that the stress of this persecution led to his premature death at 39 from a heart attack . Garfield is acknowledged as a predecessor of such Method actors as Marlon Brando , Montgomery Clift , and James Dean ."}]}, {'value': '1913-1952', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'American actor , 1940s film star', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Henry Gilbert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henry_Gilbert_(actor)', 'summary': 'Henry Gilbert ( 4 April 1913 - 29 January 1973 ) was an English-born Australian actor who appeared in many popular 1960s and 1970s British TV programmes .'}]}, {'value': '1913-1973', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'English-Australian actor', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paulette Goddard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paulette_Goddard', 'summary': "Paulette Goddard ( born Marion Levy ; June 3 , 1910 - April 23 , 1990 ) was an American actress , a child fashion model and a performer in several Broadway productions as a Ziegfeld Girl ; she became a major star of Paramount Pictures in the 1940s . Her most notable films were her first major role , as Charlie Chaplin 's leading lady in Modern Times , and Chaplin 's subsequent film The Great Dictator . She was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in So Proudly We Hail ! ( 1943 ) . Her husbands included Chaplin , Burgess Meredith , and Erich Maria Remarque ."}]}, {'value': '1910-1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'American Oscar-nominated film and theatre actress', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lorne Greene', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lorne_Greene', 'summary': "Lorne Hyman Greene OC ( born Lyon Himan Green ; 12 February 1915 - 11 September 1987 ) was a Canadian actor , radio personality and singer . His television roles include Ben Cartwright on the western Bonanza , and Commander Adama in the original science fiction television series Battlestar Galactica and Galactica 1980 . He also worked on the Canadian television nature documentary series Lorne Greene 's New Wilderness , and in television commercials ."}]}, {'value': '1915-1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canadian actor known for roles on American television', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Born in the 1910s', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Jewish_actors_8', 'intro': 'This is a list of notable Jewish actors and actresses.'}
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What show was the Hungarian Jewish actor who lived from 1918-1976 known for ?
The Twilight Zone
04ab911768efbbfe
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_NFL_Draft', 'title': '1996 NFL Draft', 'header': ['Original NFL team', 'Player', 'Pos', 'College', 'Conf'], 'data': [{'value': 'Arizona Cardinals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Arizona_Cardinals_season', 'summary': "The 1996 Arizona Cardinals season was the franchise 's 98th season , 77th season in the National Football League and the 9th in Arizona . The team improved upon their previous output of 4-12 , winning seven games . Despite this improvement , the Cardinals failed to qualify to the playoffs for the fourteenth consecutive season . The low point of the season was providing a notorious New York Jets team with its only win in front of fewer than thirty thousand people . This was the first time the Cardinals had opposed the Jets since 1978 . The reason for this is that before the admission of the Texans in 2002 , NFL scheduling formulas for games outside a teams division were much more influenced by table position during the previous season . This was Boomer Esiason 's only season with the Cardinals as he would re-sign with the Cincinnati Bengals after this season ."}]}, {'value': 'Kevin Jordan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kevin_Jordan_(American_football)', 'summary': "Kevin Michael Jordan ( born December 14 , 1972 ) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver for one season in the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football for the UCLA Bruins , receiving All-American honors as a junior in 1994 . He played professionally for the Arizona Cardinals and was a member of the Cincinnati Bengals . After trying out with the Denver Broncos , he became a chaplain for UCLA sports teams as well as the NFL 's Pittsburgh Steelers ."}]}, {'value': 'WR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wide_receiver', 'summary': 'A wide receiver , also referred to as wideouts or simply receivers , is an offensive position in gridiron football , and is a key player . They get their name because they are split out wide ( near the sidelines ) , farthest away from the rest of the team . Wide receivers are among the fastest players on the field . The wide receiver functions as the pass-catching specialist .'}]}, {'value': 'UCLA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_UCLA_Bruins_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1995 UCLA Bruins football team represented the University of California , Los Angeles in the 1995 NCAA Division I-A football season . The team was ranked 16th in the pre=season AP Poll . In the final game of the season , the Bruins lost to the 11th-ranked Kansas Jayhawks in the Aloha Bowl , 51-30 . UCLA finished in a fifth place tie in the Pacific-10 Conference .'}]}, {'value': 'Pac-10', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pac-12_Conference', 'summary': "The Pac-12 Conference is a collegiate athletic conference that operates in the Western United States , participating in 24 sports at the NCAA Division I level . Its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ; formerly Division I-A ) , the higher of two tiers of NCAA Division I football competition . The conference 's 12 members are located in the states of Arizona , California , Colorado , Oregon , Utah , and Washington . They include each state 's flagship public university , four additional public universities , and two private research universities . The modern Pac-12 conference formed after the disbanding of the Pacific Coast Conference ( PCC ) , whose principal members founded the Athletic Association of Western Universities ( AAWU ) in 1959 . The conference previously went by the names Big Five , Big Six , Pacific-8 , and Pacific-10 . The Pac-12 moniker was adopted in 2011 with the addition of Colorado and Utah . Nicknamed the Conference of Champions , the Pac-12 has won more NCAA national championships in team sports than any other conference in history . The top three schools with the most NCAA team championships are members of the Pac-12 : Stanford , UCLA , and USC , respectively . Washington 's national title in women 's rowing in 2017 was the 500th NCAA championship won by a Pac-12 school . The current commissioner of the conference is Larry Scott . Scott replaced Thomas C. Hansen , who retired in July 2009 after 26 years in that position ."}]}, {'value': 'Arizona Cardinals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Arizona_Cardinals_season', 'summary': "The 1996 Arizona Cardinals season was the franchise 's 98th season , 77th season in the National Football League and the 9th in Arizona . The team improved upon their previous output of 4-12 , winning seven games . Despite this improvement , the Cardinals failed to qualify to the playoffs for the fourteenth consecutive season . The low point of the season was providing a notorious New York Jets team with its only win in front of fewer than thirty thousand people . This was the first time the Cardinals had opposed the Jets since 1978 . The reason for this is that before the admission of the Texans in 2002 , NFL scheduling formulas for games outside a teams division were much more influenced by table position during the previous season . This was Boomer Esiason 's only season with the Cardinals as he would re-sign with the Cincinnati Bengals after this season ."}]}, {'value': 'Ronald McKinnon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ronald_McKinnon', 'summary': "Ronald McKinnon ( born September 20 , 1973 ) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League . He was originally signed as an undrafted free agent by the Arizona Cardinals out of the University of North Alabama where he won three Division II National Championships . He was the winner of 1995 Harlon Hill Trophy ( Division II 's equivalent to the Heisman Trophy ) . He played for the Cardinals from 1996-2004 . He also played one season for the New Orleans Saints . In 2008 , he was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame ."}]}, {'value': 'LB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linebacker', 'summary': "A linebacker ( LB or backer ) is a playing position in gridiron football . Linebackers are members of the defensive team , and line up approximately three to five yards ( 4 m ) behind the line of scrimmage , behind the defensive linemen , and therefore back up the line . Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two-point stance ( as opposed to the defensive linemen , who put one or two hands on the ground for a three-point stance or four-point stance before the ball is snapped ) . The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run defense or extra pass defense based on the particular defensive play being executed . Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing . A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap . When a blitz is called by the defense , it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense 's quarterback . Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense , due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass defense , when required . Similar to the free safety position , linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap , to determine their role during that particular play ."}]}, {'value': 'North Alabama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_North_Alabama_Lions_football_team', 'summary': "The 1995 North Alabama Lions football team represented the University of North Alabama during the 1995 NCAA Division II football season , and completed the 63rd season of Lions football . The Lions played their home games at Braly Municipal Stadium in Florence Alabama . The 1995 team came off a 13-1 record and a national championship from the previous season . The team was led by coach Bobby Wallace . The team finished the regular season with an undefeated 10-0 record and made the NCAA Division II playoffs . The Lions defeated the Pittsburg State Gorillas 27-7 in the National Championship Game en route to the program 's third consecutive NCAA Division II Football Championship ."}]}, {'value': 'Gulf South', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gulf_South_Conference', 'summary': 'The Gulf South Conference ( GSC ) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated at the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division II level which operates in the Southeastern United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Atlanta Falcons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Atlanta_Falcons_season', 'summary': 'The 1996 Atlanta Falcons season was the franchises 31st season in the National Football League ( NFL ) . The Falcons were unable to match their previous seasons output of 9-7 and failed to reach the playoffs . Atlanta started the season 0-8 , going winless until November . Two of the teams three wins were over the equally inept New Orleans Saints , who also finished 3-13 . This was the final season were the Falcons wore the screen printed numbers on the jerseys . The Falcons allowed 461 points in 1996 , the most in team history . Football Outsiders calculates that the 1996 Falcons had the third-worst pass defense they had ever tracked . The season was notable when Jeff George was engaged in a shouting match with June Jones in a nationally televised game against Philadelphia . The next day , George was suspended for his act and was eventually released by the team . As for coach Jones , he was fired at the conclusion of the season .'}]}, {'value': 'Freddie Scott', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Freddie_Scott_(American_football,_born_1974)', 'summary': 'Freddie Lee Scott Jr. ( born August 26 , 1974 ) was an American football wide receiver . He played for the Atlanta Falcons from 1996 to 1997 and Indianapolis Colts in 1998 . His father Freddie Scott and his brother Brandon Scott played for Bowling Green State University .'}]}, {'value': 'WR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wide_receiver', 'summary': 'A wide receiver , also referred to as wideouts or simply receivers , is an offensive position in gridiron football , and is a key player . They get their name because they are split out wide ( near the sidelines ) , farthest away from the rest of the team . Wide receivers are among the fastest players on the field . The wide receiver functions as the pass-catching specialist .'}]}, {'value': 'Penn State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Penn_State_Nittany_Lions_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1995 Penn State Nittany Lions football team represented the Pennsylvania State University in the 1995 NCAA Division I-A football season . The team was coached by Joe Paterno and played its home games in Beaver Stadium in University Park , Pennsylvania .'}]}, {'value': 'Big Ten', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference', 'summary': "The Big Ten Conference ( stylized B1G , formerly the Western Conference and the Big Nine Conference ) is the oldest Division I collegiate athletic conference in the United States . It is based in Rosemont , Illinois . For decades the conference consisted of 10 universities , while the present conference has 14 member institutions . They compete in the NCAA Division I ; its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A , the highest level of NCAA competition in that sport . The conference includes the flagship public university in each of 11 states stretching from New Jersey to Nebraska , as well as two additional public land-grant schools and a private university . The Big Ten Conference was established in 1895 when Purdue University president James H. Smart and representatives from the University of Chicago , University of Illinois , University of Michigan , University of Minnesota , Northwestern University , and University of Wisconsin gathered at Chicago 's Palmer House Hotel to set policies aimed at regulating intercollegiate athletics . In 1899 , Indiana University and the University of Iowa joined the conference to increase the membership to nine schools . In 1905 , the conference was officially incorporated as the Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives . The conference is one of the nation 's oldest , predating the founding of the NCAA by a decade , and was one of the first collegiate conferences to sponsor men 's basketball . Big Ten member institutions are major research universities with large financial endowments and strong academic reputations . All institutions except full member University of Nebraska and associate member Notre Dame are members of the Association of American Universities . Large student enrollment is a hallmark of Big Ten Universities , as 12 of the 14 members feature enrollments of 30,000 or more students ."}]}, {'value': 'Cincinnati Bengals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Cincinnati_Bengals_season', 'summary': "The 1996 Cincinnati Bengals season was the team 's 29th year in professional football and its 27th with the National Football League . The Dave Shula era comes to a sudden end when he is fired after a 1-6 start , as Jeff Blake struggles with turnovers . Former Bengals TE Bruce Coslet , former New York Jets head coach , and the team 's offensive coordinator , would replace Shula as head coach . The move paid off right away as the Bengals won the first 3 games under Coslet . After losing two of their next three games , the Bengals closed the year with three straight wins to finish with an 8-8 record . One bright spot during the season , was that WR Carl Pickens became the first member of the Bengals to have 100 receptions in a season ."}]}, {'value': 'Nick Ferguson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nick_Ferguson', 'summary': 'Nick Ferguson ( born November 27 , 1974 in Miami , Florida , United States ) is a former American football safety in the National Football League . He spent the majority of his career with the Denver Broncos . He was originally signed by the Cincinnati Bengals as an undrafted free agent in 1996 . He played college football at Georgia Tech . Ferguson has also been a member of the Saskatchewan Roughriders , Rhein Fire , Winnipeg Blue Bombers , Chicago Bears , Buffalo Bills , and New York Jets in his career .'}]}, {'value': 'S', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Safety_(gridiron_football_position)', 'summary': 'Safety , historically known as a safetyman , is a position in gridiron football played by a member of the defense . The safeties are defensive backs who line up from ten to fifteen yards from the line of scrimmage . There are two variations of the position in a typical American formation : the free safety ( FS ) and the strong safety ( SS ) . Their duties depend on the defensive scheme . The defensive responsibilities of the safety and cornerback usually involve pass coverage towards the middle and sidelines of the field , respectively . While American ( 11-player ) formations generally use two safeties , Canadian ( 12-player ) formations generally have one safety and two defensive halfbacks , a position not used in the American game . As professional and college football have become more focused on the passing game , safeties have become more involved in covering the eligible pass receivers . Safeties are the last line of defense ; they are expected to be reliable tacklers , and many safeties rank among the hardest hitters in football . Safety positions can also be converted cornerbacks , either by design ( Byron Jones ) or as a cornerback ages ( Charles Woodson , DeAngelo Hall , Lardarius Webb , Tramon Williams ) . Historically , in the era of the one-platoon system , the safety was known as the defensive fullback ( specifically the free safety ; the strong safety would be a defensive halfback , a term still in Canadian parlance ) or goaltender .'}]}, {'value': 'Georgia Tech', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Georgia_Tech_Yellow_Jackets_football_team', 'summary': "The 1995 Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represented the Georgia Institute of Technology in the 1995 NCAA Division I-A football season . The team 's coach was George O'Leary . Tech played its home games at Bobby Dodd Stadium in Atlanta ."}]}, {'value': 'ACC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference', 'summary': "The Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) is a collegiate athletic conference located in the eastern United States . Headquartered in Greensboro , North Carolina , the conference consists of fifteen member universities , each of whom compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) 's Division I , with its football teams competing in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the highest levels for athletic competition in US-based collegiate sports . The ACC sponsors competition in twenty-five sports with many of its member institutions ' athletic programs held in high regard nationally . Current members of the conference are Boston College , Clemson University , Duke University , Georgia Institute of Technology , Florida State University , North Carolina State University , Syracuse University , the University of Louisville , the University of Miami , the University of North Carolina , the University of Notre Dame , the University of Pittsburgh , the University of Virginia , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , and Wake Forest University . ACC teams and athletes have claimed dozens of national championships in multiple sports throughout the conference 's history . Generally , the ACC 's top athletes and teams in any particular sport in a given year are considered to be among the top collegiate competitors in the nation . Also , the conference enjoys extensive media coverage . The ACC was one of the five collegiate power conferences , which had automatic qualifying for their football champion into the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . With the advent of the College Football Playoff in 2014 , the ACC is one of five conferences with a contractual tie-in to a New Year 's Six bowl game , the successors to the BCS . The ACC was founded on May 8 , 1953 , by seven universities located in the South Atlantic States , with the University of Virginia joining in early December 1953 to bring the membership to eight . The loss of South Carolina in 1971 dropped membership to seven , while the addition of Georgia Tech in 1979 for non-football sports and 1983 for football brought it back to eight , and Florida State 's arrival in 1991 for non-football sports and 1992 for football increased the membership to nine . Since 2000 , with the widespread reorganization of the NCAA , seven additional schools have joined , and one original member ( Maryland ) has left to bring it to the current membership of 15 schools ."}]}, {'value': 'Cincinnati Bengals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Cincinnati_Bengals_season', 'summary': "The 1996 Cincinnati Bengals season was the team 's 29th year in professional football and its 27th with the National Football League . The Dave Shula era comes to a sudden end when he is fired after a 1-6 start , as Jeff Blake struggles with turnovers . Former Bengals TE Bruce Coslet , former New York Jets head coach , and the team 's offensive coordinator , would replace Shula as head coach . The move paid off right away as the Bengals won the first 3 games under Coslet . After losing two of their next three games , the Bengals closed the year with three straight wins to finish with an 8-8 record . One bright spot during the season , was that WR Carl Pickens became the first member of the Bengals to have 100 receptions in a season ."}]}, {'value': 'Chris Hetherington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Hetherington', 'summary': 'Chris Ray Hetherington ( born November 27 , 1972 ) is a former American football fullback in the NFL who last played for the San Francisco 49ers . He went to Yale University . He was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Cincinnati Bengals in 1996 . He then played for the Indianapolis Colts from 1996 to 1998 . He was then signed by the Carolina Panthers from 1999 to 2002 . He then played for the St. Louis Rams in 2002 . He then played for the Oakland Raiders in 2003 and 2004 . He was then signed by the 49ers in 2005 . Hetherington is one of several professional sports alumni of both Avon Old Farms school in Avon , Connecticut and Yale . At Avon , he was coached by Kevin Driscoll and was a three-sport standout ( in baseball , ice hockey , and football ) . After graduating in 1991 , he moved to Yale , where starred in football as starting quarterback and holds numerous passing records . He also played baseball at Yale , before graduating in 1995 .'}]}, {'value': 'FB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fullback_(gridiron_football)', 'summary': 'A fullback ( FB ) is a position known as the best position in the game of football , in the offensive backfield in gridiron football , and is one of the two running back positions along with the halfback . Typically , fullbacks are larger than halfback and in most offensive schemes their duties are split between power running , pass catching , and blocking for both the quarterback and the other running back . Many great runners in the history of American football have been fullbacks , including Jim Brown , Marion Motley , Jim Taylor , Franco Harris , Larry Csonka , John Riggins , Christian Okoye , and Levi Jackson . However , many of these runners would retroactively be labeled as halfbacks , due to their position as the primary ball carrier ; they were primarily listed as fullbacks due to their size and did not often perform the run-blocking duties expected of modern fullbacks . Examples of players who have excelled at the hybrid running-blocking-pass catching role include Mike Alstott , Daryl Johnston , and Lorenzo Neal .'}]}, {'value': 'Yale', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Yale_Bulldogs_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1995 Yale Bulldogs football team represented Yale University in the 1995 NCAA Division I-AA football season . The Bulldogs were led by thirty-first year head coach Carmen Cozza , played their home games at the Yale Bowl and finished in seventh place in the Ivy League with a 2-5 record , 3-7 overall .'}]}, {'value': 'Ivy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ivy_League', 'summary': 'The Ivy League is an American collegiate athletic conference comprising sports teams from eight private universities in the Northeastern United States . The term Ivy League is typically used to refer to those eight schools as a group of elite colleges beyond the sports context . The eight members are Brown University , Columbia University , Cornell University , Dartmouth College , Harvard University , the University of Pennsylvania , Princeton University , and Yale University . Ivy League has connotations of academic excellence , selectivity in admissions , and social elitism . While the term was in use as early as 1933 , it became official only after the formation of the NCAA Division I athletic conference in 1954 . Seven of the eight schools were founded during the colonial period ( Cornell was founded in 1865 ) , and thus account for seven of the nine Colonial Colleges chartered before the American Revolution . The other two colonial colleges , Rutgers University and the College of William & Mary , became public institutions instead . Ivy League schools are generally viewed as some of the most prestigious in the world , and are ranked among the best universities worldwide by U.S. News & World Report . All eight universities place in the top seventeen of the 2020 U.S. News & World Report national university rankings , including four Ivies in the top three ( Columbia and Yale are tied for 3rd ) . In the 2019 U.S. News & World Report global university rankings , three Ivies rank in the top ten ( Harvard 1st , Columbia 7th , and Princeton 8th ) and six in the top twenty-three . Undergraduate-focused Ivies such as Brown University and Dartmouth College rank 99th and 197th , respectively . U.S. News has named a member of the Ivy League as the best national university in each of the past 18 years ending with the 2018 rankings : Princeton eleven times , Harvard twice , and the two schools tied for first five times .'}]}, {'value': 'Cincinnati Bengals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Cincinnati_Bengals_season', 'summary': "The 1996 Cincinnati Bengals season was the team 's 29th year in professional football and its 27th with the National Football League . The Dave Shula era comes to a sudden end when he is fired after a 1-6 start , as Jeff Blake struggles with turnovers . Former Bengals TE Bruce Coslet , former New York Jets head coach , and the team 's offensive coordinator , would replace Shula as head coach . The move paid off right away as the Bengals won the first 3 games under Coslet . After losing two of their next three games , the Bengals closed the year with three straight wins to finish with an 8-8 record . One bright spot during the season , was that WR Carl Pickens became the first member of the Bengals to have 100 receptions in a season ."}]}, {'value': 'Damon Huard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Damon_Huard', 'summary': 'Damon Paul Huard ( born July 9 , 1973 ) is a former American football quarterback . He is the director of community relations and fundraiser for the University of Washington football program , his alma mater . Huard was signed by the Cincinnati Bengals as an undrafted free agent in 1996 , and played twelve seasons in the NFL with the Miami Dolphins , New England Patriots , and Kansas City Chiefs . While with the Patriots , he won two Super Bowl rings .'}]}, {'value': 'QB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quarterback', 'summary': 'The quarterback ( commonly abbreviated QB ) , colloquially known as the signal caller , is a position in gridiron football . Quarterbacks are members of the offensive team and line up directly behind the offensive line . In modern American football , the quarterback is usually considered the leader of the offensive team , and is often responsible for calling the play in the huddle . The quarterback also touches the ball on almost every offensive play , and is the offensive player that almost always throws forward passes . When the QB is tackled behind the line of scrimmage , it is called a sack .'}]}, {'value': 'Washington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Washington_Huskies_football_team', 'summary': "The 1995 Washington Huskies football team was an American football team that represented the University of Washington during the 1995 NCAA Division I-A football season . In its third season under head coach Jim Lambright , the team compiled a 7-4-1 record , finished in a tie with USC for first place in the Pacific-10 Conference , and outscored its opponents 312 to 280 . Quarterback Damon Huard was selected as the team 's most valuable player . Ernie Conwell , Deke Devers , Stephen Hoffmann , and Richard Thomas were the team captains . After two years of bowl probation , the Huskies returned to the postseason at the Sun Bowl , but fell to Iowa . The Huskies ' helmet color was changed to purple this year ; it returned to metallic gold in 1999 . The AstroTurf of Husky Stadium was replaced prior to the 1995 season ; it was replaced with infilled FieldTurf in 2000 ."}]}, {'value': 'Pac-10', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pac-12_Conference', 'summary': "The Pac-12 Conference is a collegiate athletic conference that operates in the Western United States , participating in 24 sports at the NCAA Division I level . Its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ; formerly Division I-A ) , the higher of two tiers of NCAA Division I football competition . The conference 's 12 members are located in the states of Arizona , California , Colorado , Oregon , Utah , and Washington . They include each state 's flagship public university , four additional public universities , and two private research universities . The modern Pac-12 conference formed after the disbanding of the Pacific Coast Conference ( PCC ) , whose principal members founded the Athletic Association of Western Universities ( AAWU ) in 1959 . The conference previously went by the names Big Five , Big Six , Pacific-8 , and Pacific-10 . The Pac-12 moniker was adopted in 2011 with the addition of Colorado and Utah . Nicknamed the Conference of Champions , the Pac-12 has won more NCAA national championships in team sports than any other conference in history . The top three schools with the most NCAA team championships are members of the Pac-12 : Stanford , UCLA , and USC , respectively . Washington 's national title in women 's rowing in 2017 was the 500th NCAA championship won by a Pac-12 school . The current commissioner of the conference is Larry Scott . Scott replaced Thomas C. Hansen , who retired in July 2009 after 26 years in that position ."}]}, {'value': 'Cincinnati Bengals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Cincinnati_Bengals_season', 'summary': "The 1996 Cincinnati Bengals season was the team 's 29th year in professional football and its 27th with the National Football League . The Dave Shula era comes to a sudden end when he is fired after a 1-6 start , as Jeff Blake struggles with turnovers . Former Bengals TE Bruce Coslet , former New York Jets head coach , and the team 's offensive coordinator , would replace Shula as head coach . The move paid off right away as the Bengals won the first 3 games under Coslet . After losing two of their next three games , the Bengals closed the year with three straight wins to finish with an 8-8 record . One bright spot during the season , was that WR Carl Pickens became the first member of the Bengals to have 100 receptions in a season ."}]}, {'value': 'Tim Morabito', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tim_Morabito', 'summary': 'Timothy Robert Morabito ( born October 12 , 1973 ) is a former professional American football player who played defensive tackle for five seasons for the Cincinnati Bengals , Carolina Panthers , and Jacksonville Jaguars .'}]}, {'value': 'DT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defensive_tackle', 'summary': "A defensive tackle ( DT ) is typically the largest and strongest of the defensive players in American football . The defensive tackle typically lines up opposite one of the offensive guards . Depending on a team 's individual defensive scheme , a defensive tackle may be called upon to fill several different roles . These roles may include merely holding the point of attack by refusing to be moved or penetrating a certain gap between offensive linemen to break up a play in the opponent 's backfield . If a defensive tackle reads a pass play , his primary responsibility is to pursue the quarterback , or simply knock the pass down at the line if it is within arm 's reach . Other responsibilities of the defensive tackle may be to pursue the screen pass or drop into coverage in a zone blitz scheme . In a traditional 4-3 defense , there is no nose tackle . Instead there is a left and right defensive tackle . Some teams , especially in the National Football League ( NFL ) , do have a nose tackle in this scheme , but most of them do not ."}]}, {'value': 'Boston College', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Boston_College_Eagles_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1995 Boston College Eagles football team represented Boston College in the 1995 NCAA Division I-A football season . The Eagles were led by second-year head coach Dan Henning and played their home games at Alumni Stadium in Chestnut Hill , Massachusetts . Despite high preseason expectations , Boston College finished with a disappointing overall record of 4-8 ( 4-3 Big East ) , tied for 4th in the Big East Conference .'}]}, {'value': 'Big East', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_East_Conference_(1979–2013)', 'summary': "The Big East Conference was a collegiate athletics conference that consisted of as many as 16 universities in the eastern half of the United States from 1979 to 2013 . The conference 's members participated in 24 NCAA sports . The conference had a history of success at the national level in basketball throughout its history , while its shorter ( 1991 to 2013 ) football program , created by inviting one college and four other associate members ( their football programs only ) into the conference , resulted in two national championships . In basketball , Big East teams made 18 Final Four appearances and won seven NCAA Championships ( UConn with three , Villanova , Georgetown , Syracuse , and Louisville with one each ) . Of the Big East 's full members , all but South Florida attended the Final Four , the most of any conference , though Marquette , DePaul , Notre Dame , Rutgers , Cincinnati , and Pittsburgh made all their trips before joining the Big East . In 2011 , the Big East set the record for the most teams sent to the NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Championship by a single conference with eleven out of their sixteen teams qualifying . In football , the Big East entered competition as a conference in 1991 , after inviting five football colleges to become members of the Big East , joining three teams from the Big East whose football teams were competing as Division I independents ( Boston College , Pittsburgh and Syracuse ) to form a new Division I football league . The strength of this league earned the Big East an automatic berth in the Bowl Championship Series , when that series was created in 1998 . The Big East won two national football championships , both by University of Miami . Between 2005 and 2012 , four of the more successful football schools left the Big East for other conferences , starting a process that led to a complete realignment of the Big East in 2013 . On July 1 , 2013 , the non-football playing schools ( also known collectively as the secular Catholic 7 ) formed a non-football playing conference that retains the Big East Conference name . The remaining six football-playing members , three of whom had only joined the Big East in 2005 when the earlier exodus had started , joined with four schools from other conferences to become the American Athletic Conference ( The American ) , which is the Big East 's legal successor ."}]}, {'value': 'Detroit Lions', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Detroit_Lions_season', 'summary': "The 1996 Detroit Lions season was their 67th in the National Football League ( NFL ) . The team declined severely from their previous season 's output of 10-6 . Following a 4-2 start , the Lions would proceed to lose nine of their final ten games to finish 5-11 , missing the playoffs for the first time in four seasons . Following the season , longtime head coach Wayne Fontes was fired and Bobby Ross was hired to be the team 's head coach the following season ."}]}, {'value': 'Barry Stokes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barry_Stokes_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Barry Wade Stokes ( born December 20 , 1973 ) is a former American football offensive lineman of the National Football League . He was signed by the Detroit Lions as an undrafted free agent in 1996 . He played college football at Eastern Michigan University . He played high school football at Davison High School in Davison , Michigan . Stokes has also been a member of the Jacksonville Jaguars , St. Louis Rams , Miami Dolphins , Green Bay Packers , Oakland Raiders , Cleveland Browns , New York Giants , Atlanta Falcons , and New England Patriots .'}]}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guard_(American_and_Canadian_football)', 'summary': "In gridiron football , a guard ( G ) is a player who lines up between the center and the tackles on the offensive line of a football team on the line of scrimmage used primarily for blocking . Right guards ( RG ) is the term for the guards on the right of the offensive line , while left guards ( LG ) are on the left side . Guards are to the right or left of the center . The guard 's job is to protect the quarterback from the incoming linemen during pass plays , as well as creating openings ( holes ) for the running backs to head through . Guards are automatically considered ineligible receivers , so they can not intentionally touch a forward pass , unless it is to recover a fumble or is first touched by a defender or eligible receiver ."}]}, {'value': 'Eastern Michigan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Eastern_Michigan_Eagles_football_team', 'summary': "The 1995 Eastern Michigan Eagles football team represented Eastern Michigan University in the 1995 NCAA Division I-A football season . In their first season under head coach Rick Rasnick , the Eagles compiled a 6-5 record ( 5-3 against conference opponents ) , finished in fifth place in the Mid-American Conference , and outscored their opponents , 363 to 335 . The team 's statistical leaders included Charlie Batch with 3,177 passing yards , Savon Edwards with 732 rushing yards , and Steve Clay with 999 receiving yards . Batch went on to play 15 years in the National Football League ."}]}, {'value': 'MAC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mid-American_Conference', 'summary': "The Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I collegiate athletic conference with a membership base in the Great Lakes region that stretches from Western New York to Illinois . Nine of the twelve full member schools are in Ohio and Michigan , with single members located in Illinois , Indiana , and New York . For football , the MAC participates in the NCAA 's Football Bowl Subdivision . The MAC is headquartered in the Public Square district in downtown Cleveland , Ohio , and has two members in the nearby Akron area . The MAC has been referred to as the Conference of Quarterbacks because of the accomplishments of numerous former players in the National Football League . The conference also ranks highest among all ten NCAA Division I FBS conferences for graduation rates ."}]}, {'value': 'Green Bay Packers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Green_Bay_Packers_season', 'summary': "The 1996 Green Bay Packers season was their 78th season overall and their 76th in the National Football League , which culminated with the franchise winning its third Super Bowl and league-record 12th NFL Championship . The Packers posted a league-best 13-3 regular season won-loss record , going 8-0 at home and 5-3 on the road . It was the first time since 1962 that the club went undefeated at home . Additionally , the Packers had the NFL 's highest-scoring offense ( 456 ) and allowed the fewest points on defense ( 210 ) . Green Bay was the first team to accomplish both feats in the same season since the undefeated 1972 Miami Dolphins . They finished the season with the number one ranked offense , defense , and special teams . They also set a then NFL record for the fewest touchdowns allowed in a 16-game season , with 19 . The Packers also allowed the fewest yards in the NFL and set a record for punt return yardage . Brett Favre won his second straight MVP award while also throwing for a career-high and league leading 39 touchdown passes . In the postseason , the Packers defeated the San Francisco 49ers in the divisional round and the Carolina Panthers in the NFC Championship Game . Green Bay beat the New England Patriots in Super Bowl XXXI to win their third Super Bowl and twelfth NFL Championship . In 2007 , the 1996 Packers were ranked as the 16th greatest Super Bowl champions on the NFL Network 's documentary series America 's Game : The Super Bowl Champions ."}]}, {'value': 'Joe Nedney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joe_Nedney', 'summary': 'Joseph Thomas Nedney ( born March 22 , 1973 ) is a former American football placekicker . Born and raised in San Jose , California , Nedney played college football at San Jose State and signed as an undrafted player with the Miami Dolphins in 1996 . He played for the 49ers from 2005 to 2010 after having played for the Dolphins , Arizona Cardinals , Baltimore Ravens , Oakland Raiders , Denver Broncos , Carolina Panthers , and Tennessee Titans'}]}, {'value': 'K', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Placekicker', 'summary': "Placekicker , or simply kicker ( PK or K ) , is the player in gridiron football who is responsible for the kicking duties of field goals and extra points . In many cases , the placekicker also serves as the team 's kickoff specialist or punter as well ."}]}, {'value': 'San Jose State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_San_Jose_State_Spartans_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1995 San Jose State Spartans football team represented San Jose State University during the 1995 NCAA Division I-A football season as a member of the Big West Conference . The team was led by head coach John Ralston , in his third year as head coach at San Jose State . They played home games at Spartan Stadium in San Jose , California . The Spartans finished the 1995 season with a record of three wins and eight losses ( 3-8 , 3-4 Big West ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Big West', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_West_Conference', 'summary': "The Big West Conference ( BWC ) is an American collegiate athletic conference whose member institutions participate in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I . The conference was originally formed in 1969 as the Pacific Coast Athletic Association ( PCAA ) , and in 1988 was renamed the Big West Conference . The conference stopped sponsoring college football after the 2000 season ."}]}, {'value': 'Indianapolis Colts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Indianapolis_Colts_season', 'summary': "The 1996 Indianapolis Colts season was the 44th season for the team in the National Football League and 13th in Indianapolis . The Indianapolis Colts finished the National Football League 's 1996 season with a record of 9 wins and 7 losses , and finished third in the AFC East division . On October 13 , the Colts hosted the newly established Baltimore Ravens , based in the Colts ' previous city . The Colts won 26-21 . This game has the distinction of being the first NFL on TNT broadcast after TNT 's parent Turner Broadcasting System completed its merger with Time Warner only 3 days earlier . The season saw the Colts draft Marvin Harrison . Harrison would go on to become a member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame , after spending his entire career as a Colt . Harrison was named to Pro Bowl several times and later helped the Colts win a Super Bowl in 2006 . He continued to play for the team until 2008 and retired during the 2009 season ."}]}, {'value': 'Casey Wiegmann', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Casey_Wiegmann', 'summary': 'Casey Peter Wiegmann ( born July 20 , 1973 ) is a former American football center who played sixteen seasons in the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football for the University of Iowa . He was signed by the Indianapolis Colts as an undrafted free agent in 1996 , and has also played for the New York Jets , Chicago Bears , and Denver Broncos and Kansas City Chiefs .'}]}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Center_(gridiron_football)', 'summary': "Center ( C ) is a position in gridiron football . The center is the innermost lineman of the offensive line on a football team 's offense . The center is also the player who passes ( or snaps ) the ball between his legs to the quarterback at the start of each play . In recent years , the importance of centers for a football team has increased , due to the re-emergence of 3-4 defenses . According to Baltimore Ravens general manager Ozzie Newsome , you need to have somebody who can neutralize that nose tackle . If you do n't , everything can get screwed up . Your running game wo n't be effective and you 'll also have somebody in your quarterback 's face on every play ."}]}, {'value': 'Iowa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Iowa_Hawkeyes_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1995 Iowa Hawkeyes football team represented the University of Iowa in the 1995 NCAA Division I-A football season . Participating as members of the Big Ten Conference , the Hawkeyes played their home games at Kinnick Stadium and were led by coach Hayden Fry . The Hawkeyes finished with an overall record of 8-4 ( 4-4 Big Ten ) , and earned a victory over Washington in the Sun Bowl .'}]}, {'value': 'Big Ten', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference', 'summary': "The Big Ten Conference ( stylized B1G , formerly the Western Conference and the Big Nine Conference ) is the oldest Division I collegiate athletic conference in the United States . It is based in Rosemont , Illinois . For decades the conference consisted of 10 universities , while the present conference has 14 member institutions . They compete in the NCAA Division I ; its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A , the highest level of NCAA competition in that sport . The conference includes the flagship public university in each of 11 states stretching from New Jersey to Nebraska , as well as two additional public land-grant schools and a private university . The Big Ten Conference was established in 1895 when Purdue University president James H. Smart and representatives from the University of Chicago , University of Illinois , University of Michigan , University of Minnesota , Northwestern University , and University of Wisconsin gathered at Chicago 's Palmer House Hotel to set policies aimed at regulating intercollegiate athletics . In 1899 , Indiana University and the University of Iowa joined the conference to increase the membership to nine schools . In 1905 , the conference was officially incorporated as the Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives . The conference is one of the nation 's oldest , predating the founding of the NCAA by a decade , and was one of the first collegiate conferences to sponsor men 's basketball . Big Ten member institutions are major research universities with large financial endowments and strong academic reputations . All institutions except full member University of Nebraska and associate member Notre Dame are members of the Association of American Universities . Large student enrollment is a hallmark of Big Ten Universities , as 12 of the 14 members feature enrollments of 30,000 or more students ."}]}, {'value': 'Miami Dolphins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Miami_Dolphins_season', 'summary': "The 1996 Miami Dolphins season was the team 's 31st overall and 27th as a member of the National Football League . The Dolphins failed to improve upon their previous season 's output of 9-7 , winning only eight games . The team failed to qualify for the postseason . The Dolphins home field , previously known as Joe Robbie Stadium , was renamed on August 26 to Pro Player Park after naming rights were sold to Pro Player , an apparel brand by Fruit of the Loom . However , in a rare move , the stadium was renamed again following the Dolphins opening contest at Pro Player Park . On September 10 before the Dolphins returned home in week 3 , the stadium was renamed Pro Player Stadium , a name which would remain through the 2004 season ."}]}, {'value': 'Larry Izzo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Larry_Izzo', 'summary': "Lawrence Alexander Izzo ( /ˈɪzoʊ/ ; born September 26 , 1974 ) is a retired American football linebacker and special teamer . He was signed by the Miami Dolphins as an undrafted free agent in 1996 . He played college football at Rice . He is an assistant special teams coach for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League ( NFL ) . A three-time Pro Bowl selection and three-time All-Pro selection , Izzo has also played for the New England Patriots . He earned three Super Bowl rings during his time with the Patriots and also won a ring during his time as an assistant Special teams coordinator for the New York Giants who coincidentally beat Izzo 's former team , the Patriots , in Super Bowl XLVI ."}]}, {'value': 'LB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linebacker', 'summary': "A linebacker ( LB or backer ) is a playing position in gridiron football . Linebackers are members of the defensive team , and line up approximately three to five yards ( 4 m ) behind the line of scrimmage , behind the defensive linemen , and therefore back up the line . Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two-point stance ( as opposed to the defensive linemen , who put one or two hands on the ground for a three-point stance or four-point stance before the ball is snapped ) . The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run defense or extra pass defense based on the particular defensive play being executed . Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing . A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap . When a blitz is called by the defense , it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense 's quarterback . Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense , due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass defense , when required . Similar to the free safety position , linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap , to determine their role during that particular play ."}]}, {'value': 'Rice', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rice_Owls_football', 'summary': "The Rice Owls football team represents Rice University in NCAA Division I college football . The Owls have competed in Conference USA 's Western Division since 2005 . Rice Stadium , built in 1950 , hosts the Owls ' home football games ."}]}, {'value': 'SWC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southwest_Conference', 'summary': "The Southwest Conference ( SWC ) was an NCAA Division I college athletic conference in the United States that existed from 1914 to 1996 . Composed primarily of schools from Texas , at various times the conference included schools from Oklahoma and Arkansas as well , but not from the actual Southwestern United States . For most of its history , the core members of the conference were Texas-based schools plus one in Arkansas : Rice University , Southern Methodist University , Texas A & M University , Texas Christian University , Baylor University , the University of Arkansas , and the University of Texas . After a long period of stability , the conference 's overall athletic prowess began to decline throughout the 1980s , due in part to numerous member schools violating NCAA recruiting rules , culminating in the suspension of the entire SMU football program ( death penalty ) for the 1987 and 1988 seasons . Arkansas , after years of feeling like an outsider in the conference , left after the 1990-91 school year to join the Southeastern Conference , although they did compete in the SWC in football for the 1991 season . Five years later , the conference precipitously broke up as Baylor , Texas , Texas A & M , and Texas Tech ( which had entered in 1956 ) combined with the members of the former Big Eight Conference to form a new league , the Big 12 Conference , while Rice , SMU , TCU , and Houston ( which entered the SWC in 1976 ) found homes in less prominent conferences ( although TCU later joined the Big 12 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'New England Patriots', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_New_England_Patriots_season', 'summary': "The 1996 New England Patriots season was the franchise 's 27th season in the National Football League and the 37th overall . They finished with a record of eleven wins and five losses , and finished first in the AFC East division . After a disappointing 1995 season , Drew Bledsoe bounced back with 4,086 passing yards and threw 27 touchdown passes to just 15 interceptions while Curtis Martin had another Pro Bowl season . The team lost Super Bowl XXXI to the Green Bay Packers ."}]}, {'value': 'Ray Lucas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ray_Lucas', 'summary': 'Ray Lucas ( born August 6 , 1972 ) is a former American football quarterback in the National Football League . He played for three teams , the New England Patriots , New York Jets , Miami Dolphins during his seven-year career from 1996 to 2002 . He is currently a studio analyst for the show Jets Nation on New York City-based sports network SportsNet New York .'}]}, {'value': 'QB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quarterback', 'summary': 'The quarterback ( commonly abbreviated QB ) , colloquially known as the signal caller , is a position in gridiron football . Quarterbacks are members of the offensive team and line up directly behind the offensive line . In modern American football , the quarterback is usually considered the leader of the offensive team , and is often responsible for calling the play in the huddle . The quarterback also touches the ball on almost every offensive play , and is the offensive player that almost always throws forward passes . When the QB is tackled behind the line of scrimmage , it is called a sack .'}]}, {'value': 'Rutgers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Rutgers_Scarlet_Knights_football_team', 'summary': "The 1995 Rutgers Scarlet Knights football team represented Rutgers University in the 1995 NCAA Division I-A football season . In their sixth and final season under head coach Doug Graber , the Scarlet Knights compiled a 4-7 record , were outscored by opponents 412 to 304 , and finished in sixth place in the Big East Conference . The team 's statistical leaders included Ray Lucas with 2,180 passing yards , Terrell Willis with 773 rushing yards , and Marco Battaglia with 894 receiving yards ."}]}, {'value': 'Big East', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_East_Conference_(1979–2013)', 'summary': "The Big East Conference was a collegiate athletics conference that consisted of as many as 16 universities in the eastern half of the United States from 1979 to 2013 . The conference 's members participated in 24 NCAA sports . The conference had a history of success at the national level in basketball throughout its history , while its shorter ( 1991 to 2013 ) football program , created by inviting one college and four other associate members ( their football programs only ) into the conference , resulted in two national championships . In basketball , Big East teams made 18 Final Four appearances and won seven NCAA Championships ( UConn with three , Villanova , Georgetown , Syracuse , and Louisville with one each ) . Of the Big East 's full members , all but South Florida attended the Final Four , the most of any conference , though Marquette , DePaul , Notre Dame , Rutgers , Cincinnati , and Pittsburgh made all their trips before joining the Big East . In 2011 , the Big East set the record for the most teams sent to the NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Championship by a single conference with eleven out of their sixteen teams qualifying . In football , the Big East entered competition as a conference in 1991 , after inviting five football colleges to become members of the Big East , joining three teams from the Big East whose football teams were competing as Division I independents ( Boston College , Pittsburgh and Syracuse ) to form a new Division I football league . The strength of this league earned the Big East an automatic berth in the Bowl Championship Series , when that series was created in 1998 . The Big East won two national football championships , both by University of Miami . Between 2005 and 2012 , four of the more successful football schools left the Big East for other conferences , starting a process that led to a complete realignment of the Big East in 2013 . On July 1 , 2013 , the non-football playing schools ( also known collectively as the secular Catholic 7 ) formed a non-football playing conference that retains the Big East Conference name . The remaining six football-playing members , three of whom had only joined the Big East in 2005 when the earlier exodus had started , joined with four schools from other conferences to become the American Athletic Conference ( The American ) , which is the Big East 's legal successor ."}]}, {'value': 'New England Patriots', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_New_England_Patriots_season', 'summary': "The 1996 New England Patriots season was the franchise 's 27th season in the National Football League and the 37th overall . They finished with a record of eleven wins and five losses , and finished first in the AFC East division . After a disappointing 1995 season , Drew Bledsoe bounced back with 4,086 passing yards and threw 27 touchdown passes to just 15 interceptions while Curtis Martin had another Pro Bowl season . The team lost Super Bowl XXXI to the Green Bay Packers ."}]}, {'value': 'Adam Vinatieri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adam_Vinatieri', 'summary': 'Adam Matthew Vinatieri ( born December 28 , 1972 ) is an American football placekicker for the Indianapolis Colts of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He has played in five Super Bowls : four with the New England Patriots and one with the Colts , winning with the Patriots in 2001 , 2003 , and 2004 and with the Colts in 2006 . He holds the NFL record for most Super Bowl wins by a kicker . Vinatieri holds NFL career records for most points scored ( 2,673 ) , most postseason points scored ( 238 ) , most field goals made ( 599 ) , and most overtime field goals made ( 12 ) . He is the only player to score 1,000 points for two different teams . As of 2020 [ update ] , at 47 years old , he is the oldest active player in the NFL , the third oldest of all time ( behind Morten Andersen and George Blanda ) , and the only remaining active player whose career began in the 1990s . With numerous accolades and records , Vinatieri is considered to be one of the greatest kickers in NFL history . Celebrated for his kicking accuracy and success under pressure , Vinatieri has converted several of the most crucial field goals in NFL history , including the game-tying and winning kicks in blizzard conditions in the infamous Tuck Rule Game , and game-winning kicks in the final seconds of two Super Bowls XXXVI and XXXVIII .'}]}, {'value': 'K', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Placekicker', 'summary': "Placekicker , or simply kicker ( PK or K ) , is the player in gridiron football who is responsible for the kicking duties of field goals and extra points . In many cases , the placekicker also serves as the team 's kickoff specialist or punter as well ."}]}, {'value': 'South Dakota State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Dakota_State_Jackrabbits_football', 'summary': "The South Dakota State Jackrabbits football team is a Football Championship Subdivision ( formerly known as Division I-AA ) program that competes in the Missouri Valley Football Conference . Considered to be among the few perennial powers in the FCS , The Jackrabbits were a NCAA Division II program in the North Central Conference until moving to the Football Championship Subdivision in 2004 . The current head coach is John Stiegelmeier . In March 2007 , SDSU initially began their Division I FCS era by being a charter member of the now-defunct Great West Football Conference ( along with North Dakota State , Southern Utah , Cal Poly , UC Davis , Northern Colorado ) and stayed there until 2007 when they were accepted into the Missouri Valley Football Conference and began league play in the 2008 season . South Dakota State University has invested in their football program 's facilities recently as they have some of the finest amenities and facilities at the FCS level including the largest video/scoreboard in the FCS ( 2015 ) a new 19,340 seat stadium ( 2016 ) , and a large state-of-the-art student athlete center in the north end zone ( 2010 ) . Connected to the student athlete center is one of the largest indoor practice facilities in NCAA Division I ( completed in 2014 ) . SDSU football and the Dakota Marker game was featured on ESPNs nationally televised College GameDay on October 26th , 2019 becoming one of only a few FCS programs to be featured on the show ."}]}, {'value': 'NCC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Central_Conference', 'summary': "The North Central Conference ( NCC ) , also known as North Central Intercollegiate Athletic Conference , was a college athletic conference which operated in the north central United States . It participated in the NCAA 's Division II ."}]}, {'value': 'New York Giants', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_New_York_Giants_season', 'summary': "The 1996 New York Giants season was the franchise 's 72nd season in the National Football League ( NFL ) . With a 6-10 record , the Giants finished in last place in the National Football Conference East Division . In the 1996 NFL Draft , the Giants selected defensive end Cedric Jones with the fifth overall pick . The Giants ' first game of the season was at home against the Buffalo Bills , and resulted in a 23-20 loss in overtime . After being shut out by the Dallas Cowboys , New York fell to 0-3 with a 31-10 defeat to the Washington Redskins . Against the New York Jets , the Giants earned their first victory of the season ; a 15-10 win over the Minnesota Vikings left them with a 2-3 record heading into their bye week . The team then lost four of its next six games . After defeating the Cowboys , the Giants ' record entering December stood at 5-7 . They ended the season by losing three of their last four games . The Giants fired head coach Dan Reeves after the season , and hired Jim Fassel as his replacement . Quarterback Dave Brown started all 16 games for the Giants in 1996 , throwing for 12 touchdowns and 20 interceptions . New York 's leading running back was Rodney Hampton , who had 254 carries for 827 yards ."}]}, {'value': 'Kevin Alexander', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kevin_Alexander_(wide_receiver)', 'summary': 'Kevin John Alexander ( born January 23 , 1975 ) is a former gridiron football wide receiver who played for several teams in the National Football League ( NFL ) and the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) . He played college football at Glendale Community College and Utah State before playing for two seasons with the New York Giants from 1996-1997 . Alexander also played for the Miami Dolphins and Washington Redskins of the NFL and the Montreal Alouettes and Ottawa Renegades of the CFL .'}]}, {'value': 'WR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wide_receiver', 'summary': 'A wide receiver , also referred to as wideouts or simply receivers , is an offensive position in gridiron football , and is a key player . They get their name because they are split out wide ( near the sidelines ) , farthest away from the rest of the team . Wide receivers are among the fastest players on the field . The wide receiver functions as the pass-catching specialist .'}]}, {'value': 'Utah State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Utah_State_Aggies_football', 'summary': "The Utah State Aggies are a college football team that competes in the Mountain West Conference ( MWC ) of the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of NCAA Division I , representing Utah State University . The Utah State college football program began in 1892 and has played home games at Merlin Olsen Field at Maverik Stadium since 1968 . They have won twelve conference championships in four different conferences during their history , most recently in 2012 . Overall , the Aggies have a record of 540-540-31 ( .500 ) . In December 2012 , Matt Wells , previously the offensive coordinator , became the Aggies ' new head coach , replacing Gary Andersen . Andersen left the Aggies shortly after the final game of the 2012 season to become the new head coach for the University of Wisconsin . Andersen had replaced Brent Guy following the unsuccessful 2008 season . The Aggies have played in 14 bowl games in their history , winning five : the 2018 New Mexico Bowl against the North Texas Mean Green , the 2014 New Mexico Bowl against the UTEP Miners , the 2013 Poinsettia Bowl against the Northern Illinois Huskies , the 2012 Famous Idaho Potato Bowl against the Toledo Rockets and the 1993 Las Vegas Bowl against Ball State ."}]}, {'value': 'Big West', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_West_Conference', 'summary': "The Big West Conference ( BWC ) is an American collegiate athletic conference whose member institutions participate in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I . The conference was originally formed in 1969 as the Pacific Coast Athletic Association ( PCAA ) , and in 1988 was renamed the Big West Conference . The conference stopped sponsoring college football after the 2000 season ."}]}, {'value': 'New York Giants', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_New_York_Giants_season', 'summary': "The 1996 New York Giants season was the franchise 's 72nd season in the National Football League ( NFL ) . With a 6-10 record , the Giants finished in last place in the National Football Conference East Division . In the 1996 NFL Draft , the Giants selected defensive end Cedric Jones with the fifth overall pick . The Giants ' first game of the season was at home against the Buffalo Bills , and resulted in a 23-20 loss in overtime . After being shut out by the Dallas Cowboys , New York fell to 0-3 with a 31-10 defeat to the Washington Redskins . Against the New York Jets , the Giants earned their first victory of the season ; a 15-10 win over the Minnesota Vikings left them with a 2-3 record heading into their bye week . The team then lost four of its next six games . After defeating the Cowboys , the Giants ' record entering December stood at 5-7 . They ended the season by losing three of their last four games . The Giants fired head coach Dan Reeves after the season , and hired Jim Fassel as his replacement . Quarterback Dave Brown started all 16 games for the Giants in 1996 , throwing for 12 touchdowns and 20 interceptions . New York 's leading running back was Rodney Hampton , who had 254 carries for 827 yards ."}]}, {'value': 'Percy Ellsworth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Percy_Ellsworth', 'summary': 'Percy Daniel Ellsworth III ( born October 19 , 1974 in Drewryville , Virginia ) is a retired former American football safety in the National Football League for the New York Giants and the Cleveland Browns . Ellsworth joined the Giants as an undrafted free agent in 1996 after playing college football at the University of Virginia . He was teammates with Tiki Barber at both Virginia and with the Giants . Ellsworth attended Southampton High School in Courtland , Virginia , where he was a Super Prep All-American as a senior . He was the NFC Defensive Player of the Week for week 16 of the 1998 NFL season .'}]}, {'value': 'S', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Safety_(gridiron_football_position)', 'summary': 'Safety , historically known as a safetyman , is a position in gridiron football played by a member of the defense . The safeties are defensive backs who line up from ten to fifteen yards from the line of scrimmage . There are two variations of the position in a typical American formation : the free safety ( FS ) and the strong safety ( SS ) . Their duties depend on the defensive scheme . The defensive responsibilities of the safety and cornerback usually involve pass coverage towards the middle and sidelines of the field , respectively . While American ( 11-player ) formations generally use two safeties , Canadian ( 12-player ) formations generally have one safety and two defensive halfbacks , a position not used in the American game . As professional and college football have become more focused on the passing game , safeties have become more involved in covering the eligible pass receivers . Safeties are the last line of defense ; they are expected to be reliable tacklers , and many safeties rank among the hardest hitters in football . Safety positions can also be converted cornerbacks , either by design ( Byron Jones ) or as a cornerback ages ( Charles Woodson , DeAngelo Hall , Lardarius Webb , Tramon Williams ) . Historically , in the era of the one-platoon system , the safety was known as the defensive fullback ( specifically the free safety ; the strong safety would be a defensive halfback , a term still in Canadian parlance ) or goaltender .'}]}, {'value': 'Virginia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Virginia_Cavaliers_football_team', 'summary': "The 1995 Virginia Cavaliers football team represented the University of Virginia during the 1995 NCAA Division I-A football season . The team 's head coach was George Welsh . They played their home games at Scott Stadium in Charlottesville , Virginia ."}]}, {'value': 'ACC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference', 'summary': "The Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) is a collegiate athletic conference located in the eastern United States . Headquartered in Greensboro , North Carolina , the conference consists of fifteen member universities , each of whom compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) 's Division I , with its football teams competing in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the highest levels for athletic competition in US-based collegiate sports . The ACC sponsors competition in twenty-five sports with many of its member institutions ' athletic programs held in high regard nationally . Current members of the conference are Boston College , Clemson University , Duke University , Georgia Institute of Technology , Florida State University , North Carolina State University , Syracuse University , the University of Louisville , the University of Miami , the University of North Carolina , the University of Notre Dame , the University of Pittsburgh , the University of Virginia , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , and Wake Forest University . ACC teams and athletes have claimed dozens of national championships in multiple sports throughout the conference 's history . Generally , the ACC 's top athletes and teams in any particular sport in a given year are considered to be among the top collegiate competitors in the nation . Also , the conference enjoys extensive media coverage . The ACC was one of the five collegiate power conferences , which had automatic qualifying for their football champion into the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . With the advent of the College Football Playoff in 2014 , the ACC is one of five conferences with a contractual tie-in to a New Year 's Six bowl game , the successors to the BCS . The ACC was founded on May 8 , 1953 , by seven universities located in the South Atlantic States , with the University of Virginia joining in early December 1953 to bring the membership to eight . The loss of South Carolina in 1971 dropped membership to seven , while the addition of Georgia Tech in 1979 for non-football sports and 1983 for football brought it back to eight , and Florida State 's arrival in 1991 for non-football sports and 1992 for football increased the membership to nine . Since 2000 , with the widespread reorganization of the NCAA , seven additional schools have joined , and one original member ( Maryland ) has left to bring it to the current membership of 15 schools ."}]}, {'value': 'New York Giants', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_New_York_Giants_season', 'summary': "The 1996 New York Giants season was the franchise 's 72nd season in the National Football League ( NFL ) . With a 6-10 record , the Giants finished in last place in the National Football Conference East Division . In the 1996 NFL Draft , the Giants selected defensive end Cedric Jones with the fifth overall pick . The Giants ' first game of the season was at home against the Buffalo Bills , and resulted in a 23-20 loss in overtime . After being shut out by the Dallas Cowboys , New York fell to 0-3 with a 31-10 defeat to the Washington Redskins . Against the New York Jets , the Giants earned their first victory of the season ; a 15-10 win over the Minnesota Vikings left them with a 2-3 record heading into their bye week . The team then lost four of its next six games . After defeating the Cowboys , the Giants ' record entering December stood at 5-7 . They ended the season by losing three of their last four games . The Giants fired head coach Dan Reeves after the season , and hired Jim Fassel as his replacement . Quarterback Dave Brown started all 16 games for the Giants in 1996 , throwing for 12 touchdowns and 20 interceptions . New York 's leading running back was Rodney Hampton , who had 254 carries for 827 yards ."}]}, {'value': 'Olindo Mare', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olindo_Mare', 'summary': 'Olindo Franco Mare ( born June 6 , 1973 ) is a former American football placekicker . He was originally signed by the New York Giants as an undrafted free agent in 1996 . He played college football at MacMurray College and Syracuse . Mare , who was selected to the Pro Bowl in 1999 , has also played for the Miami Dolphins , New Orleans Saints , Seattle Seahawks , Carolina Panthers and Chicago Bears .'}]}, {'value': 'K', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Placekicker', 'summary': "Placekicker , or simply kicker ( PK or K ) , is the player in gridiron football who is responsible for the kicking duties of field goals and extra points . In many cases , the placekicker also serves as the team 's kickoff specialist or punter as well ."}]}, {'value': 'Syracuse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Syracuse_Orange_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1995 Syracuse Orangemen football team competed in football on behalf of Syracuse University during the 1995 NCAA Division I-A football season . The Orangemen were coached by Paul Pasqualoni and played their home games at the Carrier Dome in Syracuse , New York .'}]}, {'value': 'Big East', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_East_Conference_(1979–2013)', 'summary': "The Big East Conference was a collegiate athletics conference that consisted of as many as 16 universities in the eastern half of the United States from 1979 to 2013 . The conference 's members participated in 24 NCAA sports . The conference had a history of success at the national level in basketball throughout its history , while its shorter ( 1991 to 2013 ) football program , created by inviting one college and four other associate members ( their football programs only ) into the conference , resulted in two national championships . In basketball , Big East teams made 18 Final Four appearances and won seven NCAA Championships ( UConn with three , Villanova , Georgetown , Syracuse , and Louisville with one each ) . Of the Big East 's full members , all but South Florida attended the Final Four , the most of any conference , though Marquette , DePaul , Notre Dame , Rutgers , Cincinnati , and Pittsburgh made all their trips before joining the Big East . In 2011 , the Big East set the record for the most teams sent to the NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Championship by a single conference with eleven out of their sixteen teams qualifying . In football , the Big East entered competition as a conference in 1991 , after inviting five football colleges to become members of the Big East , joining three teams from the Big East whose football teams were competing as Division I independents ( Boston College , Pittsburgh and Syracuse ) to form a new Division I football league . The strength of this league earned the Big East an automatic berth in the Bowl Championship Series , when that series was created in 1998 . The Big East won two national football championships , both by University of Miami . Between 2005 and 2012 , four of the more successful football schools left the Big East for other conferences , starting a process that led to a complete realignment of the Big East in 2013 . On July 1 , 2013 , the non-football playing schools ( also known collectively as the secular Catholic 7 ) formed a non-football playing conference that retains the Big East Conference name . The remaining six football-playing members , three of whom had only joined the Big East in 2005 when the earlier exodus had started , joined with four schools from other conferences to become the American Athletic Conference ( The American ) , which is the Big East 's legal successor ."}]}, {'value': 'New Orleans Saints', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_New_Orleans_Saints_season', 'summary': "The 1996 New Orleans Saints season was the teams 30th as a member of the National Football League . They were unable to match their previous season 's output of 7-9 and finished with the second-worst sixteen-game record in franchise history at 3-13 . The team failed to qualify for the playoffs for the fourth straight year . It would be Jim Mora 's final season as the team 's head coach . His exit from the team was highlighted by his infamous didly poo rant following an embarrassing Week 8 loss to the Carolina Panthers ."}]}, {'value': 'Don Davis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Don_Davis_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Donald Earl Davis Jr. ( born December 17 , 1972 in Olathe , Kansas ) is a former American football player and the current Team Chaplain for the New England Patriots .'}]}, {'value': 'LB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linebacker', 'summary': "A linebacker ( LB or backer ) is a playing position in gridiron football . Linebackers are members of the defensive team , and line up approximately three to five yards ( 4 m ) behind the line of scrimmage , behind the defensive linemen , and therefore back up the line . Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two-point stance ( as opposed to the defensive linemen , who put one or two hands on the ground for a three-point stance or four-point stance before the ball is snapped ) . The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run defense or extra pass defense based on the particular defensive play being executed . Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing . A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap . When a blitz is called by the defense , it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense 's quarterback . Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense , due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass defense , when required . Similar to the free safety position , linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap , to determine their role during that particular play ."}]}, {'value': 'Kansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Kansas_Jayhawks_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1995 Kansas Jayhawks football team represented the University of Kansas in the 1995 NCAA Division I-A football season . They were coached by head coach Glen Mason . They played their home games at Memorial Stadium in Lawrence , Kansas . It was the Jayhawks final season in the Big Eight Conference , which dissolved at the end of the 1995-1996 school year .'}]}, {'value': 'Big Eight', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference', 'summary': "The Big Eight Conference was a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) -affiliated Division I-A college athletic association that sponsored football . It was formed in January 1907 as the Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association ( MVIAA ) by its charter member schools : the University of Kansas , University of Missouri , University of Nebraska , and Washington University in St. Louis . Additionally , the University of Iowa was an original member of the MVIAA , while maintaining joint membership in the Western Conference ( now the Big Ten Conference ) . The conference was dissolved in 1996 . Its membership at its dissolution consisted of the University of Nebraska , Iowa State University , the University of Colorado at Boulder , the University of Kansas , Kansas State University , the University of Missouri , the University of Oklahoma , and Oklahoma State University . The Big Eight kept its headquarters in Kansas City , Missouri . In February 1994 , the Big Eight and the Southwest Conference announced that the two leagues had reached an agreement to form a new conference . The eight members of the Big Eight joined with SWC schools Texas , Texas A & M , Baylor , and Texas Tech to form the Big 12 Conference the following year . A vote was conducted on whether to keep the new conference 's headquarters in Kansas City , and by a vote of 7-5 the conference members voted to move to Irving , Texas , a suburb of Dallas . The two Oklahoma schools , all four Texas schools , and Colorado voted for the move while both Kansas schools , Nebraska , Missouri , and Iowa State voted for Kansas City ."}]}, {'value': 'Philadelphia Eagles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Philadelphia_Eagles_season', 'summary': 'The 1996 Philadelphia Eagles season was their 64th in the National Football League ( NFL ) . The team matched their previous output of 10-6 and qualifying for the playoffs . After a season-ending injury to Rodney Peete , Ty Detmer took over the starting role . For the second time in three seasons , the Eagles were 7-2 at the nine-game mark , thanks to a thrilling win November 3 on the road against Dallas . The capper to that contest was a combined 104-yard interception return between James Willis and Troy Vincent in the final moments which turned a potential game-winning drive by the Cowboys into a Philadelphia victory . As in 1994 under Rich Kotite , the Eagles wilted . This time four losses in five games , including an embarrassing 27-point setback on national TV at Indianapolis , had the team scrambling in the playoff picture . However , wins against the Jets and Cardinals managed to right the ship , and a wild-card berth was the reward . The 1996 season was also the first season the Eagles debuted the midnight green , white , and black look , with new helmet designs and the logo and endzone font as well .'}]}, {'value': 'Hollis Thomas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hollis_Thomas', 'summary': 'Hollis Thomas , Jr. ( born January 10 , 1974 ) is a former American football defensive tackle . He was signed by the Philadelphia Eagles as an undrafted free agent in 1996 . He played college football at Northern Illinois . Thomas also played for the New Orleans Saints and Carolina Panthers .'}]}, {'value': 'DT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defensive_tackle', 'summary': "A defensive tackle ( DT ) is typically the largest and strongest of the defensive players in American football . The defensive tackle typically lines up opposite one of the offensive guards . Depending on a team 's individual defensive scheme , a defensive tackle may be called upon to fill several different roles . These roles may include merely holding the point of attack by refusing to be moved or penetrating a certain gap between offensive linemen to break up a play in the opponent 's backfield . If a defensive tackle reads a pass play , his primary responsibility is to pursue the quarterback , or simply knock the pass down at the line if it is within arm 's reach . Other responsibilities of the defensive tackle may be to pursue the screen pass or drop into coverage in a zone blitz scheme . In a traditional 4-3 defense , there is no nose tackle . Instead there is a left and right defensive tackle . Some teams , especially in the National Football League ( NFL ) , do have a nose tackle in this scheme , but most of them do not ."}]}, {'value': 'Northern Illinois', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Northern_Illinois_Huskies_football_team', 'summary': 'The 1995 Northern Illinois Huskies football team represented Northern Illinois University . The Huskies competed in the highest division of football , Division I-A . They were led by fifth year head coach Charlie Sadler and they played their home games at Huskie Stadium .'}]}, {'value': 'Big West', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Big_West_Conference', 'summary': "The Big West Conference ( BWC ) is an American collegiate athletic conference whose member institutions participate in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I . The conference was originally formed in 1969 as the Pacific Coast Athletic Association ( PCAA ) , and in 1988 was renamed the Big West Conference . The conference stopped sponsoring college football after the 2000 season ."}]}, {'value': 'Seattle Seahawks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Seattle_Seahawks_season', 'summary': "The 1996 Seattle Seahawks season was the franchise 's 21st season in the National Football League , the 21st playing their home games at the Kingdome and the second under head coach head coach Dennis Erickson . They were unable to improve on their 8-8 record , finished the season 7-9 , and missing the playoffs for the 8th consecutive season . Owner Ken Behring unsuccessfully attempted to move the team to southern California . The team was sold to Paul Allen in June 1997 ."}]}, {'value': 'Greg Bloedorn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greg_Bloedorn', 'summary': 'Greg Bloedorn ( born November 15 , 1972 ) was an American football offensive lineman for the Seattle Seahawks of the National Football League . He was signed by the Seahawks in 1996 . Bloedorn played college football at Cornell University . His professional career spanned three active roster seasons with the Seattle Seahawks : 1997 to 1999 until he was released in 2000 .'}]}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Center_(gridiron_football)', 'summary': "Center ( C ) is a position in gridiron football . The center is the innermost lineman of the offensive line on a football team 's offense . The center is also the player who passes ( or snaps ) the ball between his legs to the quarterback at the start of each play . In recent years , the importance of centers for a football team has increased , due to the re-emergence of 3-4 defenses . According to Baltimore Ravens general manager Ozzie Newsome , you need to have somebody who can neutralize that nose tackle . If you do n't , everything can get screwed up . Your running game wo n't be effective and you 'll also have somebody in your quarterback 's face on every play ."}]}, {'value': 'Cornell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_football', 'summary': 'The Cornell Big Red football team represents Cornell University in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) college football competition as a member of the Ivy League . It is one of the oldest and most storied football programs in the nation . The team has attained five national championships and has had seven players inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame .'}]}, {'value': 'Ivy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ivy_League', 'summary': 'The Ivy League is an American collegiate athletic conference comprising sports teams from eight private universities in the Northeastern United States . The term Ivy League is typically used to refer to those eight schools as a group of elite colleges beyond the sports context . The eight members are Brown University , Columbia University , Cornell University , Dartmouth College , Harvard University , the University of Pennsylvania , Princeton University , and Yale University . Ivy League has connotations of academic excellence , selectivity in admissions , and social elitism . While the term was in use as early as 1933 , it became official only after the formation of the NCAA Division I athletic conference in 1954 . Seven of the eight schools were founded during the colonial period ( Cornell was founded in 1865 ) , and thus account for seven of the nine Colonial Colleges chartered before the American Revolution . The other two colonial colleges , Rutgers University and the College of William & Mary , became public institutions instead . Ivy League schools are generally viewed as some of the most prestigious in the world , and are ranked among the best universities worldwide by U.S. News & World Report . All eight universities place in the top seventeen of the 2020 U.S. News & World Report national university rankings , including four Ivies in the top three ( Columbia and Yale are tied for 3rd ) . In the 2019 U.S. News & World Report global university rankings , three Ivies rank in the top ten ( Harvard 1st , Columbia 7th , and Princeton 8th ) and six in the top twenty-three . Undergraduate-focused Ivies such as Brown University and Dartmouth College rank 99th and 197th , respectively . U.S. News has named a member of the Ivy League as the best national university in each of the past 18 years ending with the 2018 rankings : Princeton eleven times , Harvard twice , and the two schools tied for first five times .'}]}, {'value': 'Seattle Seahawks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Seattle_Seahawks_season', 'summary': "The 1996 Seattle Seahawks season was the franchise 's 21st season in the National Football League , the 21st playing their home games at the Kingdome and the second under head coach head coach Dennis Erickson . They were unable to improve on their 8-8 record , finished the season 7-9 , and missing the playoffs for the 8th consecutive season . Owner Ken Behring unsuccessfully attempted to move the team to southern California . The team was sold to Paul Allen in June 1997 ."}]}, {'value': 'Jon Kitna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jon_Kitna', 'summary': 'Jon Kelly Kitna ( born September 21 , 1972 ) is a former American football coach and former quarterback . After playing college football for Central Washington University , he signed with the Seattle Seahawks in 1996 and was allocated to the Barcelona Dragons of NFL Europe in 1997 . He led the Dragons to a World Bowl championship , and became the starting quarterback for the Seahawks in 1998 after spending the 1997 and most of the 1998 seasons as the backup to Warren Moon . Following a four-year stint with Seattle , Kitna signed with the Cincinnati Bengals in 2001 . He played for the Bengals from 2001 to 2005 as their starting quarterback , and , later , the mentor to Carson Palmer . He was a member of the Detroit Lions from 2006 to 2008 , and the Dallas Cowboys from 2009 to 2011 .'}]}, {'value': 'QB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quarterback', 'summary': 'The quarterback ( commonly abbreviated QB ) , colloquially known as the signal caller , is a position in gridiron football . Quarterbacks are members of the offensive team and line up directly behind the offensive line . In modern American football , the quarterback is usually considered the leader of the offensive team , and is often responsible for calling the play in the huddle . The quarterback also touches the ball on almost every offensive play , and is the offensive player that almost always throws forward passes . When the QB is tackled behind the line of scrimmage , it is called a sack .'}]}, {'value': 'Central Washington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Central_Washington_Wildcats_football', 'summary': 'The Central Washington Wildcats program represents Central Washington University in college football at the NCAA Division II level . The Wildcats are members of the Great Northwest Athletic Conference .'}]}, {'value': 'CFA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Columbia_Football_Association', 'summary': 'The Columbia Football Association was intercollegiate athletic football-only conference affiliated with the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics ( NAIA ) . It was composed principally of member schools from the states of Oregon and Washington . From 1988 to 1995 , the conference was divided into two separate , geographic divisions , the northern Mount Rainier League ( a reference to Mount Rainier in Washington ) and the southern Mount Hood League ( a reference to Mount Hood in Oregon ) . After 1995 , the conference consolidated into a single division . Former members are currently scattered between NCAA Division II , and NCAA Division III , and the NAIA .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Notable undrafted players', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '1996_NFL_Draft_1', 'intro': 'The 1996 NFL draft was the procedure by which National Football League teams selected amateur college football players. It is officially known as the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting. The draft was held April 20-21, 1996, at the Paramount Theatre at Madison Square Garden in New York City, New York. No teams chose to claim any players in the supplemental draft that year. This draft is considered one of the best draft classes ever for the position of wide receiver. Keyshawn Johnson, Terry Glenn, Eddie Kennison, Marvin Harrison, Eric Moulds, Bobby Engram, Terrell Owens, Muhsin Muhammad, Amani Toomer, Jermaine Lewis, and Joe Horn have all achieved success in the pros, with all except Kennison, Engram, and Toomer having reached the Pro Bowl at least once, and a total of 26 Pro Bowl appearances for the group. In addition to the class having had several successful receivers, none of the five wide receivers drafted in the first round have been busts, as all of them spent at least a reasonable amount of time as starters in the NFL. Combined, 1996 wide receivers (through the end of the 2006 season) have totalled 7,646 receptions for 105,866 yards, eclipsing any other class by more than 1,000 receptions and 10,000 yards. It was also one of the best draft years for middle linebackers, with Hall of Famer Ray Lewis and Hall candidate Zach Thomas selected. Lewis won Super Bowl XXXV and was selected MVP of that game. Lewis also won Super Bowl XLVII in the final game of his career, and made 13 career Pro Bowls while Thomas has made 7. Other linebackers who made at least one Pro Bowl from this draft are Tedy Bruschi, Kevin Hardy, Simeon Rice, John Mobley, and Donnie Edwards.'}
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A player that was born and raised in San Jose California played for an NFL team that allowed how many touchdowns by other teams ?
19
04ac4734c47cb6e3
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money_in_the_Bank_ladder_match', 'title': 'Money in the Bank ladder match', 'header': ['Wrestler', 'Victories', 'Appearances'], 'data': [{'value': 'Carmella', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carmella_(wrestler)', 'summary': "Leah Van Dale ( born October 23 , 1987 ) is an American professional wrestler , dancer , and model . She is signed to WWE , where she performs on the SmackDown brand under the ring name Carmella . In June 2013 , Van Dale signed a contract with WWE and was assigned to their developmental brand NXT in Orlando , Florida . In October 2014 , she aligned herself with Enzo Amore and Colin Cassady , becoming their manager . In July 2016 , she made her main roster debut on SmackDown . In June 2017 , Carmella became the winner of the inaugural women 's Money in the Bank ladder match . In April 2018 , she became the first woman in WWE history to successfully cash-in her Money in the Bank opportunity , when she defeated Charlotte Flair to win the WWE SmackDown Women 's Championship . In 2019 , Carmella won both the WrestleMania Women 's Battle Royal and then the WWE 24/7 Championship ( twice ) ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alexa Bliss', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alexa_Bliss', 'summary': "Alexis Kaufman ( born August 9 , 1991 ) is an American professional wrestler currently signed to WWE , where she performs on the SmackDown brand under the ring name Alexa Bliss . In May 2013 , she signed a contract with WWE and was assigned to WWE Performance Center and developmental brand NXT in Orlando , Florida . Bliss made her main roster debut on the SmackDown brand in July 2016 , eventually becoming SmackDown Women 's Champion as well as the first competitor to hold the title twice . She was transferred to the Raw brand in April 2017 and won the Raw Women 's Championship later that month , becoming the first woman to have won both the Raw and SmackDown Women 's titles in WWE . She won the Money in the Bank ladder match in 2018 and cashed in the contract later that night to win her third Raw Women 's Championship . In 2019 , Bliss and Nikki Cross would win the WWE Women 's Tag Team Championship , making Bliss the second Women 's Triple Crown Champion . Overall , Bliss has won six championships in WWE . She was also the winner of the first Elimination Chamber match to feature women in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bayley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bayley_(wrestler)', 'summary': "Pamela Rose Martinez ( born June 15 , 1989 ) is an American professional wrestler currently signed to WWE , where she is the current and longest combined reigning SmackDown Women 's Champion in her second reign . Prior to her WWE career , Martinez previously wrestled on the independent circuit under the ring name Davina Rose . After signing with WWE in 2012 , she was given the Bayley moniker , and won the NXT Women 's Championship in 2015 . Bayley debuted on the main roster in 2016 , and went on to become a one-time Raw Women 's Champion , one-half of the inaugural Women 's Tag Team Champions as part of The Boss ' n ' Hug Connection ( with Sasha Banks ) , and a two-time SmackDown Women 's Champion . In addition , she won the women 's Money in the Bank ladder match in 2019 , and successfully used her championship opportunity on the same night from winning the briefcase to win her first SmackDown Women 's Championship . All totaled , Bayley is a five-time women 's champion in WWE , and is the only woman who has won the Raw , SmackDown , NXT and Women 's Tag Team Championships . She is recognized as the first women 's Triple Crown and Grand Slam Champion in WWE history ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dana Brooke', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dana_Brooke', 'summary': "Ashley Mae Sebera ( born November 29 , 1988 ) is an American professional wrestler , bodybuilder , fitness competitor , and model . She is signed to WWE , where she performs on the SmackDown brand under the ring name Dana Brooke . In July 2013 , Sebera signed a contract with WWE and was assigned to WWE Performance Center and developmental brand NXT in Orlando , Florida . Brooke 's alliance with Emma lasted from 2015 to her promotion on the WWE 's main roster in 2016 , which was dissolved after Emma suffered an injury . Brooke 's alliance with Charlotte Flair lasted from 2016 to her turning on Flair in 2017 . Towards the end of 2017 , Brooke joined this faction , called Titus Worldwide alongside Apollo Crews and Titus O'Neil that lasted until the group was subsequently dissolved after Brooke left the group in 2018 . In 2019 , Brooke began appearing more frequently following her move to SmackDown . She was placed in a programme partnered with Lacey Evans in a feud with Bayley and Sasha Banks . Brooke also resigned with the WWE for an additional five years ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lana_(wrestler)', 'summary': 'Catherine Joy Perry ( born March 24 , 1985 ) is an American professional wrestler , professional wrestling manager , actress , dancer , model , and singer . She is signed to the professional wrestling promotion WWE , where she performs on the Raw brand under the ring name Lana .'}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mandy Rose', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mandy_Rose', 'summary': "Amanda Rose Saccomanno ( born July 18 , 1990 or 1991 ) is an American professional wrestler , television personality , and former fitness and figure competitor . She is signed to WWE , where she performs under the ring name Mandy Rose on the company 's SmackDown brand . Rose began a professional fitness competition career in 2013 and went on to become a bodybuilding competitor the following year . In 2015 , she placed second on the WWE competition WWE Tough Enough , after which she signed a contract with WWE and joined the reality television show Total Divas as a main cast member for one season . After a brief stint in WWE 's developmental territory NXT , Rose made her main roster debut in 2017 . She currently competes alongside Sonya Deville as a tag team , dubbed Fire and Desire ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nikki Cross', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nikki_Cross', 'summary': 'Nicola Glencross ( born 21 April 1989 ) is a Scottish professional wrestler currently signed to WWE under the ring name Nikki Cross performing on the SmackDown brand . Cross previously wrestled on the independent circuit under the ring name Nikki Storm , most notably for Insane Championship Wrestling , Pro-Wrestling : EVE , Scottish Wrestling Entertainment , and Shimmer Women Athletes .'}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sasha Banks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sasha_Banks', 'summary': "Mercedes Justine Kaestner-Varnado ( born January 26 , 1992 ) is an American professional wrestler . She is signed to WWE , where she performs on the SmackDown brand under the ring name Sasha Banks . She previously wrestled on the independent circuit , most notably for Chaotic Wrestling , where she once held the Chaotic Wrestling Women 's Championship . Between WWE and their developmental brand NXT , Banks has had six championship reigns - being a former NXT Women 's Champion , a record-tying four-time Raw Women 's Champion and the inaugural WWE Women 's Tag Team Champion alongside Bayley . Her match against Bayley at NXT TakeOver : Respect on October 7 , 2015 , was the first women 's match to ever headline a NXT TakeOver , the first Iron Woman match in WWE history , and the longest women 's match in WWE history at the time with a length of 30 minutes . Their match was voted by Pro Wrestling Illustrated ( PWI ) as the Match of the Year , with Banks also being voted as the Woman of the Year , while their match at NXT TakeOver : Brooklyn in August 2015 won the NXT Year-End Award for Match of the Year . In 2016 , she and Charlotte Flair became the first women to headline a WWE pay-per-view event and the first to compete in a Hell in a Cell match ( both at Hell in a Cell in October 2016 ) , the first women to main event Raw in a women 's match since 2004 and the first women to win the Pro Wrestling Illustrated award for Feud of the Year . In February 2019 , she won the inaugural WWE Women 's Tag Team Championship with her tag team partner , Bayley ( together known as The Boss ' n ' Hug Connection ) , at the Elimination Chamber pay-per-view ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ember Moon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ember_Moon', 'summary': "Adrienne Reese is an American professional wrestler currently signed to WWE under the ring name Ember Moon , where she performs on the SmackDown brand . Moon previously wrestled on the independent circuit under the ring name Athena , competing regularly for promotions such as Shimmer Women Athletes , Women Superstars Uncensored , Inspire Pro Wrestling , and Anarchy Championship Wrestling , for which she is a three-time ACW American Joshi Champion . Prior to her main roster debut , Moon competed in WWE 's developmental system , NXT , where she was an NXT Women 's Champion ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naomi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naomi_(wrestler)', 'summary': "Trinity Fatu ( née McCray ; born November 30 , 1987 ) is an American professional wrestler and dancer signed to WWE , performing on the SmackDown brand under the ring name Naomi . In August 2009 , Fatu signed with World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) and was assigned to its past developmental territory Florida Championship Wrestling ( FCW ) , where she was the inaugural FCW Divas Champion . In August 2010 , she competed in the all-female third season of NXT , where she came in second place . In January 2012 , she made her main roster debut alongside Cameron , forming The Funkadactyls . Since July 2013 , Naomi has appeared as one of the main cast members of the reality television series Total Divas . In February 2017 , Naomi won the WWE SmackDown Women 's Championship at the Elimination Chamber event , becoming the first African-American woman to capture the title . After vacating the title due to injury , Naomi regained the championship two months later at WrestleMania 33 , and became the inaugural winner of the WrestleMania Women 's Battle Royal at the following year 's WrestleMania ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tamina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tamina_Snuka', 'summary': 'Sarona Moana-Marie Reiher Snuka-Polamalu ( born January 10 , 1978 ) is an American professional wrestler and actress currently signed to WWE performing on the SmackDown brand under the ring name Tamina , where she is a former 24/7 Champion . A second generation professional wrestler , she is the daughter of the Hall of Famer Jimmy Snuka .'}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Charlotte Flair', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charlotte_Flair', 'summary': "Ashley Elizabeth Fliehr ( born April 5 , 1986 ) is an American professional wrestler , author and actress . She is currently signed to WWE , where she performs on the Raw brand under the ring name Charlotte Flair . A second generation professional wrestler , she is the daughter of Ric Flair . In 2012 , Fliehr began training with WWE , debuting in its developmental brand NXT in 2013 . In 2014 , she won the NXT Women 's Championship and was named Rookie of the Year by Pro Wrestling Illustrated ( PWI ) . Flair was promoted to WWE 's main roster in 2015 , going on to hold the Divas Championship once , being its final holder , the Raw Women 's Championship four times , of which she was the inaugural holder , and the SmackDown Women 's Championship five times , making her a record ten-time women 's champion on WWE 's main roster . Flair has also won the 2020 Women 's Royal Rumble . In 2016 , PWI readers voted Flair both Woman of the Year and that year 's world 's top female professional wrestler . Flair became the first woman to headline a WWE pay-per-view event in October 2016 ( alongside Sasha Banks ) and one of three women to headline WrestleMania , WWE 's flagship annual event , in April 2019 ( alongside Becky Lynch and Ronda Rousey ) ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Becky Lynch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Becky_Lynch', 'summary': "Rebecca Quin ( born 30 January 1987 ) is an Irish professional wrestler . She is currently signed to WWE on the Raw brand under the ring name Becky Lynch , where she is the current Raw Women 's Champion in her first reign , and the longest reigning champion . Quin began training as a professional wrestler in June 2002 . Initially working in Ireland , and occasionally teaming with her brother using the ring name Rebecca Knox , she soon expanded her career into the rest of Europe and North America on the independent circuit , wrestling regularly for various promotions . She most notably competed in Elite Canadian Championship Wrestling and became the inaugural SuperGirls Champion in June 2005 . In September 2006 , Quin suffered a severe head injury during a match in Germany which kept her away from professional wrestling for several years . She returned in late 2012 and signed a contract with World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) in 2013 , reporting to the developmental territory NXT . Following her arrival on WWE 's main roster in 2015 , she became the inaugural SmackDown Women 's Champion at Backlash 2016 and has held the title a total of three times . In 2018 , Lynch transitioned towards a more aggressive character , which started at SummerSlam when she attacked Charlotte Flair , perceiving herself as an unfairly-treated underdog and dubbing herself The Man , resulting in a large increase in her popularity and fan support . In January 2019 , she won the Women 's Royal Rumble match . At WrestleMania 35 , in what was the first time women headlined a WrestleMania event , Lynch won both the Raw Women 's Championship and SmackDown Women 's Championship , making her a double champion and the only woman to hold both titles simultaneously . Lynch is now an overall four-time women 's champion in WWE ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Natalya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Natalya_Neidhart', 'summary': "Natalie Katherine Neidhart-Wilson ( born May 27 , 1982 ) is a Canadian-American professional wrestler and columnist currently signed to WWE under the ring name Natalya , performing on the Raw brand . She is a two-time Women 's Champion in WWE , having held the SmackDown Women 's Championship and Divas Championship once each . The first third-generation female wrestler in the world , Neidhart is a member of the Hart wrestling family through her mother . She trained in the Hart family Dungeon under the tutelage of her uncles Ross and Bruce Hart . In 2000 and 2001 , she worked for the Matrats promotion , before debuting for Stampede Wrestling in 2003 . In 2004 and 2005 , she wrestled abroad in both England and Japan . In June 2005 , she became the inaugural Stampede Women 's Pacific Champion and won the SuperGirls Championship the following year in October 2006 . In January 2007 , she signed a contract with World Wrestling Entertainment ( WWE ) and spent time in Deep South Wrestling , Ohio Valley Wrestling , and Florida Championship Wrestling ( FCW ) developmental territories . While in FCW , she managed her cousin , Harry Smith ( known as David Hart Smith during his WWE tenure ) , and her husband , T.J. Wilson ( known as Tyson Kidd during his WWE tenure ) . She debuted on the main roster in April 2008 , allying herself with Victoria . The following year she began managing her husband again , and they were joined by Smith to form The Hart Dynasty . In November 2010 , Neidhart won the WWE Divas Championship ."}]}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Money_in_the_Bank_ladder_match_1', 'intro': "The Money in the Bank ladder match is a multi-person ladder match held by the professional wrestling promotion WWE. First contested at WWE's annual WrestleMania event beginning in 2005, a separate Money in the Bank pay-per-view was established in 2010. The prize in the match is a briefcase containing a contract for a championship match, which can be cashed in by the holder of the briefcase at any point in the year following their victory. If the contract is not used within the year of winning it, it will be invalid, but this has yet to happen. From its inception until 2017, ladder matches only involved male wrestlers, with the contract being for a world championship match. Beginning with the 2017 event, women also have the opportunity to compete in such a match, with their prize being a contract for a women's championship match. The first match was contested in 2005 at WrestleMania 21, after being invented by Chris Jericho. At the time, it was exclusive to wrestlers of the Raw brand, and Edge won the inaugural match. From then until WrestleMania XXVI, the Money in the Bank ladder match, now open to all WWE brands, became a WrestleMania mainstay. 2010 saw a second and third Money in the Bank ladder match when the Money in the Bank pay-per-view debuted in July with WrestleMania no longer featuring the match. Unlike the matches at WrestleMania, this new event included two such ladder matches - one each for a contract for a WWE Championship match and a World Heavyweight Championship match, respectively. Before the establishment of the annual Money in the Bank pay-per-view, wrestlers were allowed to use the contract to claim a match for any world championship in WWE."}
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What is the birth date of the wrestler that has won the most Money in the Bank ladder matches ?
October 23 , 1987
04acdbc2b1b843c8
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_University_of_Oxford_people_in_British_public_life', 'title': 'List of University of Oxford people in British public life', 'header': ['Name', 'College', 'Years at Oxford', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Peter Benenson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peter_Benenson', 'summary': 'Peter Benenson ( 31 July 1921 - 25 February 2005 ) was a British lawyer , human rights activist and the founder of human rights group Amnesty International ( AI ) . Benenson refused all honours but in his 80s , largely to please his family , he accepted the Pride of Britain Award for Lifetime Achievement in 2001 .'}]}, {'value': 'Balliol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Balliol_College,_Oxford', 'summary': "Balliol College ( /ˈbeɪliəl/ ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England . One of Oxford 's oldest colleges , it was founded around 1263 by John I de Balliol , a rich landowner from Barnard Castle in County Durham , who provided the foundation and endowment for the college . When de Balliol died in 1269 his widow , Dervorguilla , a woman whose wealth far exceeded that of her husband , continued his work in setting up the college , providing a further endowment , and writing the statutes . She is considered a co - founder of the college . The college 's alumni include the incumbent Prime Minister of the United Kingdom , Boris Johnson , as well as three former prime ministers ( H. H. Asquith , who once described Balliol men as possessing the tranquil consciousness of an effortless superiority , Harold Macmillan , and Edward Heath ) , Harald V of Norway , Empress Masako of Japan , five Nobel laureates , and numerous literary and philosophical figures , including Adam Smith , Gerard Manley Hopkins , and Aldous Huxley . John Wycliffe , who translated the Bible into English , was Master of the college in the 1360s ."}]}, {'value': '1939-1940', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Left Oxford because of WWII . Founder , Amnesty International ( 1961 ) ; General Secretary ( 1961-64 ) , President ( 1961-66 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Amnesty_International', 'summary': 'Amnesty International ( commonly known as Amnesty or AI ) is a non-governmental organization with its headquarters in the United Kingdom focused on human rights . The organization claims it has more than eight million members and supporters around the world . The stated mission of the organization is to campaign for a world in which every person enjoys all of the human rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights instruments . Amnesty International was founded in London in 1961 , following the publication of the article The Forgotten Prisoners in The Observer on 28 May 1961 , by the lawyers Peter Benenson and Philip James . Amnesty draws attention to human rights abuses and campaigns for compliance with international laws and standards . It works to mobilize public opinion to generate pressure on governments where abuse takes place . Amnesty considers capital punishment to be the ultimate , irreversible denial of human rights . The organization was awarded the 1977 Nobel Peace Prize for its defence of human dignity against torture , and the United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights in 1978 . In the field of international human rights organizations , Amnesty has the third longest history , after the International Federation for Human Rights , and the Anti-Slavery Society .'}]}, {'value': 'Siân Berry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Siân_Berry', 'summary': "Siân Rebecca Berry ( born 9 July 1974 ) is a British politician and , since 4 September 2018 , Co-Leader of the Green Party of England and Wales alongside Jonathan Bartley . From 2006 to 2007 , she was one of the Green Party 's Principal Speakers . She was the party 's candidate in the 2008 London mayoral election , and again in the 2016 election , at which she came third . She currently is a member of the London Assembly and the only Green Party councillor on Camden Council , representing Highgate ."}]}, {'value': 'Trinity', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trinity_College,_Oxford', 'summary': "Trinity College ( full name : The College of the Holy and Undivided Trinity in the University of Oxford , of the foundation of Sir Thomas Pope ( Knight ) ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England . The college was founded in 1555 by Sir Thomas Pope , on land previously occupied by Durham College , home to Benedictine monks from Durham Cathedral . Despite its large physical size , the college is relatively small in terms of student numbers at approximately 400 . It was founded as a men 's college and has been coeducational since 1979 . As of 2018 , Trinity had a financial endowment of £138.0 million . Trinity has produced three British prime ministers , placing it third after Christ Church and Balliol in terms of former students who have held the office ."}]}, {'value': '1997 ( graduated )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Principal Speaker of the Green Party of England and Wales 2006-07 , Mayor of London candidate 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nicky Blair', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nicky_Blair', 'summary': "Nicky Blair 's was a high-end Italian restaurant on the Sunset Strip on Sunset Boulevard in Los Angeles , next to Le Dome . It thrived in the late 1980s and early 1990s . It was named after the proprietor , Nicky Blair , a bit-part film actor who starred in over 75 movies . He established it in 1986 and ran it until his death from liver cancer in 1998 , although he spent his last years in Las Vegas attempting to establish another restaurant there ."}]}, {'value': 'Lady Margaret Hall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lady_Margaret_Hall,_Oxford', 'summary': "Lady Margaret Hall ( LMH ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England , located on the banks of the River Cherwell at Norham Gardens in north Oxford and adjacent to the University Parks . The college is more formally known under its current royal charter as The Principal and Fellows of the College of the Lady Margaret in the University of Oxford . The college was founded in 1878 , closely collaborating with Somerville College . Both colleges opened their doors in 1879 as the first two women 's colleges of Oxford . The college began admitting men in 1979 . The college has just under 400 undergraduate students , around 200 postgraduate students and 24 visiting students . In 2016 , the college became the only college in Oxford or Cambridge to offer a Foundation Year for students from disadvantaged backgrounds . In 2018 , Lady Margaret Hall ranked 21st out of 30 in Oxford 's Norrington Table , a measurement of the performance of students in finals . The college 's colours are blue , yellow and white . The college uses a coat of arms which accompanies the college 's motto Souvent me Souviens , an Old French phrase meaning I often remember or Think of me often , the motto of Lady Margaret Beaufort , for whom the college is named . The current principal of the college is Alan Rusbridger . Notable alumni and students of Lady Margaret Hall include Benazir Bhutto , Michael Gove , Nigella Lawson , Josie Long , Ann Widdecombe and Malala Yousafzai ."}]}, {'value': '2004-2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Son of Tony Blair , Bachelor of Arts Modern History , Co-Chair Oxford University Labour Club Trinity Term 2006 , schoolmaster', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tony_Blair', 'summary': "Anthony Charles Lynton Blair ( born 6 May 1953 ) is a British politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007 . After his resignation , he was appointed Special Envoy of the Quartet on the Middle East , an office which he held until 2015 . He currently runs the Tony Blair Institute for Global Change . Born in Edinburgh , Blair 's father was a barrister and academic . After attending the private Fettes College , he studied law at St John 's College , Oxford and became a barrister . He became involved in Labour politics and was elected Member of Parliament for Sedgefield in 1983 . He supported moving the party to the centre of British politics in an attempt to help it win power ( it had been out of government since 1979 ) . He was appointed to the party 's frontbench in 1988 and became Shadow Home Secretary in 1992 . He became Leader of the Opposition on his election as Labour Party leader in 1994 , following the sudden death of his predecessor , John Smith . Under Blair , the party used the phrase New Labour to distance itself from previous Labour politics and the traditional idea of socialism . He declared support for the Third Way - politics that recognised individuals as socially interdependent , advocating social justice , cohesion , the equal worth of each citizen , and equal opportunity . Despite opposition from Labour 's hard left , he removed the party 's formal commitment to the nationalisation of the economy , weakened trade union influence in the party , and committed to the free market and the European Union ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts', 'summary': "A Bachelor of Arts ( BA or AB ; from the Latin baccalaureus artium or artium baccalaureus ) is a bachelor 's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts and sciences . Bachelor of Arts programs generally take three or four years depending on the country and institution . Diplomas generally give the name of the institution , signatures of officials of the institution , type of degree conferred , conferring authority , and location at which the degree is conferred . Diplomas are printed on high-quality paper or parchment ; individual institutions set the preferred abbreviation for their degrees ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Oxford_University_Labour_Club', 'summary': "Oxford University Labour Club ( OULC ) was founded in 1919 to promote democratic socialism and is today the home of the Labour Party and of social democracy at Oxford University . OULC is the largest and oldest university Labour club in the country and has a particular reputation as an active campaigning force . The club caters for any students who are interested in the ideals of the labour movement whether members of the Labour Party or entirely new to politics . Stewart Wood , special adviser to consecutive Labour Party leaders Gordon Brown and Ed Miliband , said that 'OULC is held up as an exemplar of what needs to be done . ' During his visit to Oxford in July 2009 the Prime Minister Gordon Brown was reported as having praised OULC 's 'brilliant contribution to progressive politics in the University , the city and the country . ' The club was instrumental in returning Andrew Smith to Parliament for Oxford East at the 2010 General Election with a 4.1% swing to Labour , the largest in England outside London . Throughout the year it hosts a range of speaker , social , discussion , and campaigning events , as well as producing a termly magazine called Look Left . Signature events include the annual Barbara Castle Memorial Lecture and John Smith Memorial Dinner . In 2016 , some officers of the Oxford University Labour Club resigned citing allegations of anti-Semitism in the club . This resulted in the national Labour party officially investigating the club for anti-Semitism . In March 2018 , the OULC released a statement calling for greater action to root out antisemitism from the national Labour Party ."}]}, {'value': 'Beau Brummell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beau_Brummell', 'summary': "George Bryan Beau Brummell ( 7 July 1778 - 30 March 1840 ) was an iconic figure in Regency England and for many years the arbiter of men 's fashion . At one time he was a close friend of the Prince Regent , the future King George IV , but after the two quarrelled , and Brummell got into debt , he had to take refuge in France . Eventually he died shabby and insane in Caen . Brummell was remembered afterwards as the preeminent example of the dandy and a whole literature was founded upon his manner and witty sayings which has persisted . His name is still associated with style and good looks , and it has been given to a variety of modern products to suggest their high quality ."}]}, {'value': 'Oriel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oriel_College,_Oxford', 'summary': "Oriel College ( /ˈɔːrɪəl/ ) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in Oxford , England . Located in Oriel Square , the college has the distinction of being the oldest royal foundation in Oxford ( a title formerly claimed by University College , whose claim of being founded by King Alfred is no longer promoted ) . In recognition of this royal connection , the college has also been known as King 's College and King 's Hall . The reigning monarch of the United Kingdom ( since 1952 , Elizabeth II ) is the official Visitor of the college . The original medieval foundation set up by Adam de Brome , under the patronage of Edward II , was called the House or Hall of the Blessed Mary at Oxford . The first design allowed for a provost and ten fellows , called scholars , and the college remained a small body of graduate fellows until the 16th century , when it started to admit undergraduates . During the English Civil War , Oriel played host to high-ranking members of the King 's Oxford Parliament . The main site of the college incorporates four medieval halls : Bedel Hall , St Mary Hall , St Martin Hall and Tackley 's Inn , the last being the earliest property acquired by the college and the oldest standing medieval hall in Oxford . The college has nearly 40 fellows , about 300 undergraduates and some 250 graduates . Oriel was the last of Oxford 's men 's colleges to admit women in 1985 , after more than six centuries as an all-male institution . Today , however , the student body has almost equal numbers of men and women . Oriel 's notable alumni include two Nobel laureates ; prominent fellows have included founders of the Oxford Movement ."}]}, {'value': '1794- ?', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arbiter of fashion and friend of The Prince Regent', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_IV_of_the_United_Kingdom', 'summary': "George IV ( George Augustus Frederick ; 12 August 1762 - 26 June 1830 ) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover following the death of his father , King George III , on 29 January 1820 , until his own death ten years later . From 1811 until his accession , he served as regent during his father 's final mental illness . George IV was the eldest child of King George III and Queen Charlotte . He led an extravagant lifestyle that contributed to the fashions of the Regency era . He was a patron of new forms of leisure , style and taste . He commissioned John Nash to build the Royal Pavilion in Brighton and remodel Buckingham Palace , and Sir Jeffry Wyatville to rebuild Windsor Castle . George 's charm and culture earned him the title the first gentleman of England , but his dissolute way of life and poor relationships with his parents and his wife , Caroline of Brunswick , earned him the contempt of the people and dimmed the prestige of the monarchy . He excluded Caroline from the coronation and asked the government to introduce the unpopular Pains and Penalties Bill in an unsuccessful attempt to divorce her . George 's ministers found his behaviour selfish , unreliable and irresponsible . At all times he was much under the influence of favourites . He did not provide national leadership in time of crisis , nor act as a role model for his people . Taxpayers were angry at his wasteful spending during the Napoleonic Wars ."}]}, {'value': 'Emily Davison', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emily_Davison', 'summary': "Emily Wilding Davison ( 11 October 1872 - 8 June 1913 ) was an English suffragette who fought for votes for women in Britain in the early twentieth century . A member of the Women 's Social and Political Union ( WSPU ) and a militant fighter for her cause , she was arrested on nine occasions , went on hunger strike seven times and was force fed on forty-nine occasions . She died after being hit by King George V 's horse Anmer at the 1913 Derby when she walked onto the track during the race . Davison grew up in a middle-class family , and studied at Royal Holloway College , London , and St Hugh 's College , Oxford , before taking jobs as a teacher and governess . She joined the WSPU in November 1906 and became an officer of the organisation and a chief steward during marches . She soon became known in the organisation for her daring militant action ; her tactics included breaking windows , throwing stones , setting fire to postboxes and , on three occasions , hiding overnight in the Palace of Westminster - including on the night of the 1911 census . Her funeral on 14 June 1913 was organised by the WSPU . A procession of 5,000 suffragettes and their supporters accompanied her coffin and 50,000 people lined the route through London ; her coffin was then taken by train to the family plot in Morpeth , Northumberland . Davison was a staunch feminist and passionate Christian , and considered that socialism was a moral and political force for good . Much of her life has been interpreted through the manner of her death . She gave no prior explanation for what she planned to do at the Derby and the uncertainty of her motives and intentions has affected how she has been judged by history . Several theories have been put forward , including accident , suicide , or an attempt to pin a suffragette banner to the king 's horse ."}]}, {'value': "St Hugh 's", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1895', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First-class honours in English in the Oxford University examination for women , but women were unable to graduate at that time . Suffragette', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vivien Duffield', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vivien_Duffield', 'summary': 'Dame Vivien Louise Duffield , DBE ( née Clore ; born 26 March 1946 ) is an English philanthropist .'}]}, {'value': 'Lady Margaret Hall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lady_Margaret_Hall,_Oxford', 'summary': "Lady Margaret Hall ( LMH ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England , located on the banks of the River Cherwell at Norham Gardens in north Oxford and adjacent to the University Parks . The college is more formally known under its current royal charter as The Principal and Fellows of the College of the Lady Margaret in the University of Oxford . The college was founded in 1878 , closely collaborating with Somerville College . Both colleges opened their doors in 1879 as the first two women 's colleges of Oxford . The college began admitting men in 1979 . The college has just under 400 undergraduate students , around 200 postgraduate students and 24 visiting students . In 2016 , the college became the only college in Oxford or Cambridge to offer a Foundation Year for students from disadvantaged backgrounds . In 2018 , Lady Margaret Hall ranked 21st out of 30 in Oxford 's Norrington Table , a measurement of the performance of students in finals . The college 's colours are blue , yellow and white . The college uses a coat of arms which accompanies the college 's motto Souvent me Souviens , an Old French phrase meaning I often remember or Think of me often , the motto of Lady Margaret Beaufort , for whom the college is named . The current principal of the college is Alan Rusbridger . Notable alumni and students of Lady Margaret Hall include Benazir Bhutto , Michael Gove , Nigella Lawson , Josie Long , Ann Widdecombe and Malala Yousafzai ."}]}, {'value': '1963- ?', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Philanthropist', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arnold Goodman , Baron Goodman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arnold_Goodman,_Baron_Goodman', 'summary': 'Arnold Abraham Goodman , Baron Goodman , CH , ( 21 August 1913 - 12 May 1995 ) was a British lawyer and political advisor .'}]}, {'value': 'University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_College,_Oxford', 'summary': 'University College ( in full The College of the Great Hall of the University of Oxford , colloquially referred to as Univ ) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England . It has a claim to being the oldest college of the university , having been founded in 1249 by William of Durham . As of 2018 , the college had an estimated financial endowment of £132.7m . The college is associated with a number of influential people . Notable alumni include Clement Attlee , Harold Wilson , Bill Clinton , Neil Gorsuch , Stephen Hawking , C. S. Lewis , V. S. Naipaul and Percy Bysshe Shelley .'}]}, {'value': '1976-1986 ( Master of University College )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chairman of the Arts Council of Great Britain 1965-72', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arts_Council_of_Great_Britain', 'summary': 'The Arts Council of Great Britain was a non-departmental public body dedicated to the promotion of the fine arts in Great Britain . It was divided in 1994 to form the Arts Council of England ( now Arts Council England ) , the Scottish Arts Council , and the Arts Council of Wales . At the same time the National Lottery was established and these three arts councils , plus the Arts Council of Northern Ireland , became distribution bodies .'}]}, {'value': 'Aletha Hayter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aletha_Hayter', 'summary': 'Alethea Catharine Hayter OBE FRSL ( 7 November 1911 - 10 January 2006 ) was an English author and British Council Representative .'}]}, {'value': 'Lady Margaret Hall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lady_Margaret_Hall,_Oxford', 'summary': "Lady Margaret Hall ( LMH ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England , located on the banks of the River Cherwell at Norham Gardens in north Oxford and adjacent to the University Parks . The college is more formally known under its current royal charter as The Principal and Fellows of the College of the Lady Margaret in the University of Oxford . The college was founded in 1878 , closely collaborating with Somerville College . Both colleges opened their doors in 1879 as the first two women 's colleges of Oxford . The college began admitting men in 1979 . The college has just under 400 undergraduate students , around 200 postgraduate students and 24 visiting students . In 2016 , the college became the only college in Oxford or Cambridge to offer a Foundation Year for students from disadvantaged backgrounds . In 2018 , Lady Margaret Hall ranked 21st out of 30 in Oxford 's Norrington Table , a measurement of the performance of students in finals . The college 's colours are blue , yellow and white . The college uses a coat of arms which accompanies the college 's motto Souvent me Souviens , an Old French phrase meaning I often remember or Think of me often , the motto of Lady Margaret Beaufort , for whom the college is named . The current principal of the college is Alan Rusbridger . Notable alumni and students of Lady Margaret Hall include Benazir Bhutto , Michael Gove , Nigella Lawson , Josie Long , Ann Widdecombe and Malala Yousafzai ."}]}, {'value': '1930-1933', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'British Council Representative to Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/British_Council', 'summary': 'The British Council is a British organisation specialising in international cultural and educational opportunities . It works in over 100 countries : promoting a wider knowledge of the United Kingdom and the English language ; encouraging cultural , scientific , technological and educational co-operation with the United Kingdom . The British Council is governed by a Royal Charter . It is also a public corporation and an executive nondepartmental public body ( NDPB ) , sponsored by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office . Its headquarters are near Trafalgar Square . Its chairman is Christopher Rodrigues , its CEO is Sir Ciarán Devane and its chief operating officer is Andy Williams .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': 'Eglantyne Jebb', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eglantyne_Jebb', 'summary': 'Eglantyne Jebb ( 25 August 1876 - 17 December 1928 ) was a British social reformer who founded the Save the Children organisation at the end of the First World War to relieve the effects of famine in Austria-Hungary and Germany . She drafted the document that became the Declaration of the Rights of the Child .'}]}, {'value': 'Lady Margaret Hall', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1895-1898', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'founder of Save the Children Fund ( 1919 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Save_the_Children_Fund', 'summary': 'The Save the Children Fund , commonly known as Save the Children was established in the United Kingdom in 1919 to improve the lives of children through better education , health care , and economic opportunities , as well as providing emergency aid in natural disasters , war , and other conflicts . In addition to the UK organisation , there are 29 other national Save the Children organisations who are members of the Save the Children Alliance , a global network of nonprofit organisations supporting local partners and Save the Children International in more than 120 countries around the world . Further , Save the Children has been involved in other initiatives through partners such as Bernard Arnault Africa Relief ( BAAR International ) , which has operations in various parts of Kenya such as Elgeyo Marakwet , Kajiado , Homa Bay , Narok , Makueni and Machakos , as well as Southern Sudan . The organisation promotes policy changes to gain more rights for young people especially by enforcing the UN Declaration of the Rights of the Child . Alliance members co-ordinate emergency-relief efforts , helping to protect children from the effects of war and violence . Save the Children has general consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council . In 2016 , former Danish Prime Minister Helle Thorning-Schmidt was appointed Chief Executive .'}]}, {'value': 'Sir Nicholas Kenyon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nicholas_Kenyon', 'summary': 'Sir Nicholas Roger Kenyon CBE ( born 23 February 1951 in Cheshire ) is an English music administrator , editor and writer on music . He was responsible for the BBC Proms in 1996-2007 , after which he was appointed Managing Director of the Barbican Centre .'}]}, {'value': 'Balliol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Balliol_College,_Oxford', 'summary': "Balliol College ( /ˈbeɪliəl/ ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England . One of Oxford 's oldest colleges , it was founded around 1263 by John I de Balliol , a rich landowner from Barnard Castle in County Durham , who provided the foundation and endowment for the college . When de Balliol died in 1269 his widow , Dervorguilla , a woman whose wealth far exceeded that of her husband , continued his work in setting up the college , providing a further endowment , and writing the statutes . She is considered a co - founder of the college . The college 's alumni include the incumbent Prime Minister of the United Kingdom , Boris Johnson , as well as three former prime ministers ( H. H. Asquith , who once described Balliol men as possessing the tranquil consciousness of an effortless superiority , Harold Macmillan , and Edward Heath ) , Harald V of Norway , Empress Masako of Japan , five Nobel laureates , and numerous literary and philosophical figures , including Adam Smith , Gerard Manley Hopkins , and Aldous Huxley . John Wycliffe , who translated the Bible into English , was Master of the college in the 1360s ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Controller of BBC Radio 3 1992-1998 and Managing Director , Barbican Centre 2007-', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BBC_Radio_3', 'summary': "BBC Radio 3 is a British radio station operated by the BBC . Its output centres on classical music and opera , but jazz , world music , drama , culture and the arts also feature . The station describes itself as 'the world 's most significant commissioner of new music ' , and through its New Generation Artists scheme promotes young musicians of all nationalities . The station broadcasts the BBC Proms concerts , live and in full , each summer in addition to performances by the BBC Orchestras and Singers . There are regular productions of both classic plays and newly commissioned drama . Radio 3 won the Sony Radio Academy UK Station of the Year Gold Award for 2009 and was nominated again in 2011 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Barbican_Centre', 'summary': "The Barbican Centre is a performing arts centre in the Barbican Estate of the City of London and the largest of its kind in Europe . The Centre hosts classical and contemporary music concerts , theatre performances , film screenings and art exhibitions . It also houses a library , three restaurants , and a conservatory . The Barbican Centre is member of the Global Cultural Districts Network . The London Symphony Orchestra and the BBC Symphony Orchestra are based in the Centre 's Concert Hall . In 2013 , it once again became the London-based venue of the Royal Shakespeare Company following the company 's departure in 2001 . The Barbican Centre is owned , funded , and managed by the City of London Corporation , the third-largest arts funder in the United Kingdom . It was built as The City 's gift to the nation at a cost of £161 million ( equivalent to £480 million in 2014 ) and was officially opened to the public by Queen Elizabeth II on 3 March 1982 . The Barbican Centre is also known for its brutalist architecture ."}]}, {'value': 'Alexandra Knatchbull', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alexandra_Knatchbull', 'summary': 'Norton Louis Philip Knatchbull , 3rd Earl Mountbatten of Burma ( born 8 October 1947 ) , known until 2005 as Lord Romsey and until 2017 as The Lord Brabourne , is a British peer .'}]}, {'value': "Regent 's Park College", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Regent's_Park_College,_Oxford", 'summary': "Regent 's Park College ( known colloquially within the university as Regent 's ) is a permanent private hall of the University of Oxford , situated in central Oxford , just off St Giles ' . Founded in 1810 , the college moved to its present site in 1927 , and became a licensed hall of the university in 1957 . The college now admits both undergraduate and graduate students to take Oxford degrees in a variety of arts , humanities and social science subjects . It is one of the few academic institutions within the University of Oxford to have accepted women as well as men since before the mid-twentieth century , with women attending the college since the 1920s . The college also trains men and women for ordained ministry among Baptist churches in Great Britain and overseas ."}]}, {'value': '2002-2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BA Philosophy and Theology . Great-great-great-great-granddaughter of Queen Victoria , third cousin twice removed of The Queen , and god-daughter of Diana , Princess of Wales', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom', 'summary': "Victoria ( Alexandrina Victoria ; 24 May 1819 - 22 January 1901 ) was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death . On 1 May 1876 , she adopted the additional title of Empress of India . Known as the Victorian era , her reign of 63 years and seven months was longer than that of any of her predecessors . It was a period of industrial , cultural , political , scientific , and military change within the United Kingdom , and was marked by a great expansion of the British Empire . Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward , Duke of Kent and Strathearn ( the fourth son of King George III ) , and Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld . After both the Duke and his father died in 1820 , she was raised under close supervision by her mother and her comptroller , John Conroy . She inherited the throne aged 18 after her father 's three elder brothers died without surviving legitimate issue . The United Kingdom was an established constitutional monarchy in which the sovereign held relatively little direct political power . Privately , she attempted to influence government policy and ministerial appointments ; publicly , she became a national icon who was identified with strict standards of personal morality . Victoria married her cousin Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha in 1840 . Their children married into royal and noble families across the continent , earning Victoria the sobriquet the grandmother of Europe and spreading haemophilia in European royalty . After Albert 's death in 1861 , Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cousin', 'summary': 'Commonly , cousin refers to a first cousin , people whose most recent common ancestor is a grandparent . A first cousin is a third-degree relative and used to be known as a cousin-german , though this term is rarely used today . More generally , cousin is a type of familial relationship in which people with a known common ancestor are both two or more generations away from their most recent common ancestor . This distinguishes a cousin from an ancestor , descendant , sibling , aunt , uncle , niece , or nephew . Systems of degrees and removals are used in the English-speaking world to describe the exact relationship between two cousins ( in the broad sense ) and the ancestor they have in common . Various governmental entities have established systems for legal use that can precisely specify kinship with common ancestors any number of generations in the past . [ citation needed ] Common usage often eliminates the degrees and removals , and refers to people with common ancestry as simply distant cousins or relatives .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Elizabeth_II_of_the_United_Kingdom', 'summary': "Elizabeth II ( Elizabeth Alexandra Mary ; born 21 April 1926 ) [ a ] is Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms . [ b ] Elizabeth was born in London as the first child of the Duke and Duchess of York , later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth , and she was educated privately at home . Her father acceded to the throne on the abdication of his brother King Edward VIII in 1936 , from which time she was the heir presumptive . She began to undertake public duties during the Second World War , serving in the Auxiliary Territorial Service . In 1947 , she married Philip , Duke of Edinburgh , a former prince of Greece and Denmark , with whom she has four children : Charles , Prince of Wales ; Anne , Princess Royal ; Prince Andrew , Duke of York ; and Prince Edward , Earl of Wessex . When her father died in February 1952 , Elizabeth became head of the Commonwealth and queen regnant of seven independent Commonwealth countries : the United Kingdom , Canada , Australia , New Zealand , South Africa , Pakistan , and Ceylon . She has reigned as a constitutional monarch through major political changes , such as devolution in the United Kingdom , Canadian patriation , and the decolonisation of Africa . Between 1956 and 1992 , the number of her realms varied as territories gained independence , and as realms , including South Africa , Pakistan , and Ceylon ( renamed Sri Lanka ) , became republics . Her many historic visits and meetings include a state visit to the Republic of Ireland and visits to or from five popes . Significant events have included her coronation in 1953 and the celebrations of her Silver , Golden , and Diamond Jubilees in 1977 , 2002 , and 2012 , respectively . In 2017 , she became the first British monarch to reach a Sapphire Jubilee . She is the longest-lived and longest-reigning British monarch , as well as the world 's longest-serving female head of state , oldest living monarch , longest-reigning current monarch , and the oldest and longest-serving current head of state ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales', 'summary': "Diana , Princess of Wales ( born Diana Frances Spencer ; 1 July 1961 - 31 August 1997 ) was a member of the British royal family . She was the first wife of Charles , Prince of Wales , and the mother of Prince William and Prince Harry . Diana 's activism and glamour made her an international icon and earned her an enduring popularity as well as an unprecedented public scrutiny , exacerbated by her tumultuous private life . Diana was born into the British nobility and grew up close to the royal family on their Sandringham estate . The youngest daughter of John Spencer , 8th Earl Spencer , and Frances Shand Kydd , she was strongly affected by their divorce in 1967 . She did not distinguish herself academically , but was talented in music , dance , and sports . In 1978 , she moved to London , where she lived with flatmates and took on various low-paying jobs . Diana came to prominence in 1981 upon her engagement to Prince Charles , the eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II , after a brief courtship . Their wedding took place at St Paul 's Cathedral in 1981 and made her Princess of Wales , a role in which she was enthusiastically received by the public . The couple had two sons , the princes William and Harry , who were then second and third in the line of succession to the British throne . Diana 's marriage to Charles , however , suffered due to their incompatibility and extramarital affairs . The couple separated in 1992 , soon after the breakdown of their relationship became public knowledge ."}]}, {'value': 'Elizabeth Pakenham , Countess of Longford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elizabeth_Longford', 'summary': 'Elizabeth Pakenham , Countess of Longford , CBE ( née Harman ; 30 August 1906 - 23 October 2002 ) , better known as Elizabeth Longford , was a British historian . She was a member of the Royal Society of Literature and was on the board of trustees of the National Portrait Gallery in London . She is best known as a historian , especially for her biographies of 19th-century luminaries such as Queen Victoria ( 1964 ) , Lord Byron ( 1976 ) and the Duke of Wellington ( 1969 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Lady Margaret Hall', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rachel McLean', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murder_of_Rachel_McLean', 'summary': "Rachel Margaret McLean ( 1971-1991 ) was a British student at St. Hilda 's College in Oxford , England , when she was murdered by her boyfriend , John Tanner , a day after they became engaged . In the aftermath , Tanner concocted ruses in an attempt to allay suspicion , and elaborated a series of lies in an attempt to confuse the crime investigation and outwit the police . McLean , who was born in the English town of Blackpool and raised in nearby Carleton , was a second-year student studying English Language at St. Hilda 's when Tanner , a 22-year-old British-born New Zealand national , strangled her on 14 April 1991 and hid her body under the floorboards of her house ."}]}, {'value': "St Hilda 's", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/St_Hilda's_College,_Oxford", 'summary': "St Hilda 's College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England . The college is named after the Anglo-Saxon Saint , Hilda of Whitby and was founded in 1893 as a hall for women ; remaining an all-women 's college until 2008 . St Hilda 's was the last single-sex college in the university as Somerville College had admitted men in 1994 . The college now has almost equal numbers of men and women at both undergraduate and postgraduate level . The current Principal is Sir Gordon Duff , who took up the post in 2014 . As of 2018 , the college had an endowment of £52.1 million and total assets of £113.4 million ."}]}, {'value': '1989-1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'English student and murder victim', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Max Nicholson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Max_Nicholson', 'summary': 'Edward Max Nicholson ( 12 July 1904 - 26 April 2003 ) was a pioneering environmentalist , ornithologist and internationalist , and a founder of the World Wildlife Fund .'}]}, {'value': 'Hertford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hertford_College,_Oxford', 'summary': "Hertford College ( /ˈhɑːrtfərd/ HART-fərd ) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England . It is located on Catte Street in the centre of Oxford , directly opposite the main gate to the Bodleian Library . The college is known for its iconic bridge , the Bridge of Sighs . There are around 600 students at the college at any one time , comprising undergraduates , graduates and visiting students from overseas . The first Hertford College began in the 1280s as Hart Hall and became a college in 1740 but was dissolved in 1816 . In 1820 , the site was taken over by Magdalen Hall , which had emerged around 1490 on a site adjacent to Magdalen College . In 1874 , Magdalen Hall was incorporated as a college , reviving the name Hertford College . In 1974 , Hertford was part of the first group of all-male Oxford colleges to admit women . Alumni of the college 's predecessor institutions include William Tyndale , John Donne , Thomas Hobbes and Jonathan Swift . More recently , former students have included author Evelyn Waugh , the first female Home Secretary Jacqui Smith , the civil servants Jeremy Heywood and Olly Robbins , and the newsreaders and reporters Fiona Bruce , Carrie Gracie , Krishnan Guru-Murthy and Natasha Kaplinsky ."}]}, {'value': '1926-1929', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'founder of British Trust for Ornithology ( 1932 ) and WWF ( 1961 ) , president of RSPB 1980-85', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/British_Trust_for_Ornithology', 'summary': 'The British Trust for Ornithology ( BTO ) is an organisation founded in 1932 for the study of birds in the British Isles .'}, {'url': '/wiki/World_Wide_Fund_for_Nature', 'summary': "The World Wide Fund for Nature ( WWF ) is an international non-governmental organization founded in 1961 , working in the field of wilderness preservation , and the reduction of human impact on the environment . It was formerly named the World Wildlife Fund , which remains its official name in Canada and the United States . WWF is the world 's largest conservation organization with over five million supporters worldwide , working in more than 100 countries , supporting around 3000 conservation and environmental projects . They have invested over $ 1 billion in more than 12,000 conservation initiatives since 1995 . WWF is a foundation with 55% of funding from individuals and bequests , 19% from government sources ( such as the World Bank , DFID , USAID ) and 8% from corporations in 2014 . WWF aims to stop the degradation of the planet 's natural environment and to build a future in which humans live in harmony with nature . The Living Planet Report has been published every two years by WWF since 1998 ; it is based on a Living Planet Index and ecological footprint calculation . In addition , WWF has launched several notable worldwide campaigns including Earth Hour and Debt-for-Nature Swap , and its current work is organized around these six areas : food , climate , freshwater , wildlife , forests , and oceans . WWF has received criticism for its alleged corporate ties . It has also been accused of supporting paramilitary groups tasked with stopping poaching who are responsible for numerous human rights abuses ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Royal_Society_for_the_Protection_of_Birds', 'summary': 'The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds ( RSPB ) is a charitable organisation registered in England and Wales and in Scotland . It was founded in 1889 . It works to promote conservation and protection of birds and the wider environment through public awareness campaigns , petitions and through the operation of nature reserves throughout the United Kingdom . The RSPB has over 1,300 employees , 18,000 volunteers and more than a million members ( including 195,000 youth members ) , making it the largest wildlife conservation charity in Europe . The RSPB has many local groups and maintains 200 nature reserves .'}]}, {'value': 'Beau Nash', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beau_Nash', 'summary': 'Beau Nash ( 18 October 1674 - 3 February 1761 ) , born Richard Nash , was a celebrated dandy and leader of fashion in 18th-century Britain . He is best remembered as the Master of Ceremonies at the spa town of Bath .'}]}, {'value': 'Jesus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jesus_College,_Oxford', 'summary': "Jesus College ( in full : Jesus College in the University of Oxford of Queen Elizabeth 's Foundation ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England . It is in the centre of the city , on a site between Turl Street , Ship Street , Cornmarket Street and Market Street . The college was founded by Elizabeth I on 27 June 1571 for the education of clergy , though students now study a broad range of secular subjects . A major driving force behind the establishment of the college was Hugh Price ( or Ap Rhys ) , a churchman from Brecon in Wales . The oldest buildings , in the first quadrangle , date from the 16th and early 17th centuries ; a second quadrangle was added between about 1640 and about 1713 , and a third quadrangle was built in about 1906 . Further accommodation was built on the main site to mark the 400th anniversary of the college , in 1971 , and student flats have been constructed at sites in north and east Oxford . The life of the college was disrupted by the English Civil War . Leoline Jenkins , who became principal after the war in 1661 , put the college on a more stable financial footing . Little happened at the college during the 18th century , and the 19th century saw a decline in numbers and academic standards . Reforms of Oxford University after two Royal Commissions in the latter half of the 19th century led to removal of many of the restrictions placed on the college 's fellowships and scholarships , such that the college ceased to be predominantly full of Welsh students and academics . Students ' academic achievements rose in the early 20th century as fellows were appointed to teach in new subjects . Women were first admitted in 1974 and now form a large part of the undergraduate population ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Master of Ceremonies , Bath , Somerset', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Master_of_Ceremonies', 'summary': 'A master of ceremonies , abbreviated MC , is the official host of a ceremony , staged event , conference , convention or similar performance . The term is earliest documented in the Catholic Church since the 5th century , where the Master of Ceremonies was and still is an official of the Papal Court responsible for the proper and smooth conduct of the elaborate rituals involving the Pope and the sacred liturgy . The master of ceremonies sometimes also refers to the protocol officer during an official state function , especially in monarchies . Today , the term is often used to connote a person who presents performers , speaks to the audience , entertains people , and generally keeps an event moving . This usage occurs in the entertainment industry , for example in reference to television game show hosts , as well as in contemporary hip hop and electronic dance music culture . In addition , the term also exists in various chivalric orders and fraternal orders .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bath,_Somerset', 'summary': "Bath is the largest city in the county of Somerset , England , known for and named after its Roman-built baths . In 2011 , the population was 88,859 . Bath is in the valley of the River Avon , 97 miles ( 156 km ) west of London and 11 miles ( 18 km ) southeast of Bristol . The city became a World Heritage site in 1987 . The city became a spa with the Latin name Aquae Sulis ( the waters of Sul ) c. 60 AD when the Romans built baths and a temple in the valley of the River Avon , although hot springs were known even before then . Bath Abbey was founded in the 7th century and became a religious centre ; the building was rebuilt in the 12th and 16th centuries . In the 17th century , claims were made for the curative properties of water from the springs , and Bath became popular as a spa town in the Georgian era . Georgian architecture , crafted from Bath stone , includes the Royal Crescent , Circus , Pump Room and Assembly Rooms where Beau Nash presided over the city 's social life from 1705 until his death in 1761 . Many of the streets and squares were laid out by John Wood , the Elder , and in the 18th century the city became fashionable and the population grew . Jane Austen lived in Bath in the early 19th century . Further building was undertaken in the 19th century and following the Bath Blitz in World War II . The city has software , publishing and service-oriented industries ."}]}, {'value': 'Tom Parker Bowles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tom_Parker_Bowles', 'summary': 'Thomas Henry Charles Parker Bowles ( /boʊlz/ ; born 18 December 1974 ) is a British food writer and food critic . Parker Bowles is the author of seven cookbooks and in 2010 won the Guild of Food Writers 2010 award for his writings on British food . He is known for his appearances as a judge in numerous television food series and for his reviews of restaurant meals around the UK and overseas for GQ , Esquire , and The Mail on Sunday . Parker Bowles is the son of Camilla , Duchess of Cornwall , and Andrew Parker Bowles . His stepfather and godfather is Charles , Prince of Wales . He has one younger sister , Laura Lopes .'}]}, {'value': 'Worcester', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Worcester_College,_Oxford', 'summary': "Worcester College /ˈwʊstər/ is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England . The college was founded in 1714 by the benefaction of Sir Thomas Cookes , 2nd Baronet ( 1648-1701 ) of Norgrove , Worcestershire , whose coat of arms was adopted by the College . Its predecessor , Gloucester College , had been an institution of learning on the same site since the late 13th century until the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539 . Founded as a men 's college , Worcester has been coeducational since 1979 . As of 2018 [ update ] , Worcester College had a financial endowment of £41.9 million . Notable alumni of the college include the media mogul Rupert Murdoch , television producer and screenwriter Russell T Davies , US Supreme Court justice Elena Kagan , Fields Medalist Simon Donaldson , and novelist Richard Adams ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Son of The Duchess of Cornwall and stepson and godson of The Prince of Wales . Member of Piers Gaveston Society', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Camilla,_Duchess_of_Cornwall', 'summary': "Camilla , Duchess of Cornwall , GCVO , CSM , PC ( born Camilla Rosemary Shand , later Parker Bowles ; 17 July 1947 ) is a member of the British royal family . She is the second wife of Charles , Prince of Wales , heir apparent to the British throne . Instead of using the title Princess of Wales , she uses the title Duchess of Cornwall , her husband 's secondary designation . In Scotland , she is known as the Duchess of Rothesay . Camilla is the eldest child of Major Bruce Shand and his wife Rosalind Cubitt , the daughter of Roland Cubitt , 3rd Baron Ashcombe . She was raised in East Sussex and South Kensington in England , and was educated in England , Switzerland , and France . In 1973 , Camilla married British Army officer Andrew Parker Bowles , with whom she has two children . They divorced in 1995 . Camilla was periodically romantically involved with the Prince of Wales both before and during their first marriages . The relationship became highly publicised in the media and attracted worldwide scrutiny . [ fn 1 ] In 2005 , it culminated in a civil marriage at Windsor Guildhall , which was followed by a televised Anglican blessing at St George 's Chapel , Windsor Castle . As Duchess of Cornwall , Camilla assists the Prince of Wales on his official duties ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Wales', 'summary': 'Charles , Prince of Wales ( Charles Philip Arthur George ; born 14 November 1948 ) , is the heir apparent to the British throne as the eldest son of Elizabeth II . He has been Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay since 1952 , and he is the oldest and longest-serving heir apparent in British history . He is also the longest-serving Prince of Wales , having held that title since 1958 . Charles was born at Buckingham Palace as the first grandchild of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth . He was educated at Cheam and Gordonstoun schools , which his father , Prince Philip , Duke of Edinburgh , had attended as a child . Charles also spent a year at the Timbertop campus of Geelong Grammar School in Victoria , Australia . After earning a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Cambridge , Charles served in the Royal Air Force and Royal Navy from 1971 to 1976 . In 1981 , he married Lady Diana Spencer , and they had two sons : Prince William ( b . 1982 ) and Prince Harry ( b . 1984 ) . In 1996 , the couple divorced following well-publicised extramarital affairs by both parties . Diana died as the result of a car crash in Paris the following year .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Piers_Gaveston_Society', 'summary': 'The Piers Gaveston Society is a dining club founded in 1977 at the University of Oxford . It is named in honour of Piers Gaveston , favourite and supposed lover of King Edward II of England . In recent years , parties run by the society have been the focus of increased tabloid news coverage .'}]}, {'value': 'Jonathon Porritt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jonathon_Porritt', 'summary': 'Sir Jonathon Espie Porritt , 2nd Baronet , CBE ( born 6 July 1950 ) is a British environmentalist and writer . He is known for his advocacy of the Green Party of England and Wales . Porritt frequently contributes to magazines , newspapers and books , and appears on radio and television .'}]}, {'value': 'Magdalen', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'co-founder Forum for the Future 1996 ; Chairman Sustainable Development Commission 2000-', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forum_for_the_Future', 'summary': "Forum for the Future is a registered charity and non-profit organisation that works in partnership with business , government and civil society to accelerate the shift toward a sustainable future . It works by catalysing change in key global systems ( energy , food , apparel , shipping ) . It has an annual turnover of around £5.2 million and employs 66 staff . The current CEO is Sally Uren OBE and the offices are based in the United Kingdom , United States , India and Singapore . It runs partnerships with more than 100 organisations across business and the public sector to incorporate the principles of sustainable development . From 1996-2016 the organisation ran a Masters course , 'Masters in Leadership for Sustainable Development ' . This was run in partnership with the University of Middlesex and the Leadership Trust . It now runs the 'School of System Change ' , a course for mid-career professionals to learn how to become system change agents . Forum for the Future was founded in 1996 , by Paul Ekins , Sara Parkin and Jonathon Porritt ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Commission', 'summary': 'The Sustainable Development Commission ( SDC ) was a non-departmental public body responsible for advising the UK Government , Scottish Government , Welsh Assembly Government , and Northern Ireland Executive on sustainable development . It was set up by the Labour Government in June 2000 and closed by the Coalition Government in March 2011 .'}]}, {'value': 'Ben Summerskill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ben_Summerskill', 'summary': 'Ben Jeffrey Peter Summerskill OBE ( born 6 October 1961 in Kent ) is Chair of The Silver Line and Director of the Criminal Justice Alliance , a consortium of 135 charities working across the GB criminal justice pathway . He was the Chief Executive of the UK-based lesbian , gay and bisexual equality organisation Stonewall , the largest gay equality body in Europe , from 2003 to 2014 . He has a twin sister , Clare , who is a performer . He has also worked as a businessman and journalist . Ben Summerskill is an occasional contributor to The Guardian , The Independent on Sunday , The Observer , The Times , Time Out and other publications . In 2015 he won a Lifetime Achievement Award at the British LGBT Awards In 2017 , he was appointed by the UK government to the Council ( Board ) of ACAS , the Advisory Conciliation and Arbitration Service . He was first appointed a trustee of the Silver Line in 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Merton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Merton_College,_Oxford', 'summary': "Merton College ( in full : The House or College of Scholars of Merton in the University of Oxford ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England . Its foundation can be traced back to the 1260s when Walter de Merton , chancellor to Henry III and later to Edward I , first drew up statutes for an independent academic community and established endowments to support it . An important feature of Walter 's foundation was that this college was to be self-governing and the endowments were directly vested in the Warden and Fellows . By 1274 , when Walter retired from royal service and made his final revisions to the college statutes , the community was consolidated at its present site in the south east corner of the city of Oxford , and a rapid programme of building commenced . The hall and the chapel and the rest of the front quad were complete before the end of the 13th century . Mob Quad , one of Merton 's quadrangles , was constructed between 1288 and 1378 , and is claimed to be the oldest quadrangle in Oxford , while Merton College Library , located in Mob Quad and dating from 1373 , is the oldest continuously functioning library for university academics and students in the world . Like many of Oxford 's colleges , Merton admitted its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979 , after over seven centuries as an institution for men only . Notable alumni and academics past and present include four Nobel laureates and writer J. R. R. Tolkien who was Merton Professor of English Language and Literature from 1945 to 1959 . Merton is one of the wealthiest colleges in Oxford and held funds totalling £272 million as of July 2017 . Merton has a strong reputation for academic success , having regularly ranked first in the Norrington Table in recent years ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chief Executive of Stonewall 2003-', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stonewall_(UK)', 'summary': "Stonewall ( officially Stonewall Equality Limited ) is a lesbian , gay , bisexual and transgender ( LGBT ) rights charity in the United Kingdom , named after the 1969 Stonewall riots in New York City 's Greenwich Village . It is the largest LGBT rights organisation in Europe and was formed in 1989 by political activists and others lobbying against section 28 of the Local Government Act . Its founders include Sir Ian McKellen , Lisa Power MBE and Lord Cashman CBE . Stonewall diversified into policy development for the rights of lesbian , gay and bisexual people after Labour came to power in 1997 . It remains a lobbying organisation rather than a membership organisation . Stonewall has regional offices for all of Great Britain : Stonewall in GB is based in London , Stonewall Scotland has headquarters in Edinburgh , and Stonewall Cymru ( Stonewall Wales ) is in Cardiff and north Wales . Currently [ update ] , Stonewall does not have any regional headquarters in Northern Ireland ."}]}, {'value': 'Olive Willis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olive_Willis', 'summary': 'Olive Margaret Willis ( 26 October 1877 - 11 March 1964 ) was an English educationist and headmistress . She founded Downe House School and was its head for nearly forty years , from 1907 to 1946 .'}]}, {'value': 'Somerville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Somerville_College,_Oxford', 'summary': "Somerville College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England . Founded in 1879 as Somerville Hall , it was one of the first two women 's colleges in Oxford , and its alumnae , such as Margaret Thatcher , Indira Gandhi , Dorothy Hodgkin , Iris Murdoch , Vera Brittain , Cornelia Sorabji , Dorothy L. Sayers and many activists , have played a major role in feminism . Today , around 50 per cent of the students are male . Somerville has the biggest college library in Oxford and is known for its varied architecture and liberal atmosphere . Its liberal character traces back to its foundation by social liberals as the first non-denominational college in Oxford , deliberately unlike the strictly Anglican Lady Margaret Hall , the other women 's college opened in the same year . Somerville is one of the few Oxford colleges where students may walk on the grass and in 1964 , Somerville became one of the first colleges to abandon the policy of locking its gates at night to prevent students staying out late . No gowns are worn during Formal Halls . The current principal is Janet Royall , Baroness Royall of Blaisdon , who succeeded Alice Prochaska in 2017 . Between 2006 and 2018 , the financial endowment rose from £44.5 million to £80.6 million . Its total net assets in 2018 were £225.0 million , the seventh highest total for an Oxford undergraduate college . The college is located at the southern end of Woodstock Road , with Little Clarendon Street to the south , Walton Street to the west and the Radcliffe Observatory Quarter to the north . It is near the Science Area , the University Parks , Oxford University Press and Jericho ."}]}, {'value': '1895-1898', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'founder of Downe House School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Downe_House_School', 'summary': "Downe House School is a selective independent girls ' day and boarding school in Cold Ash , a village near Newbury , Berkshire , for girls aged 11-18 . The Good Schools Guide described Downe House as an Archetypal traditional girls full boarding school turning out delightful , principled , courteous and able girls who go on to make a significant contribution to the world ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Other notable British people', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_University_of_Oxford_people_in_British_public_life_13', 'intro': 'This is a list of University of Oxford people in British public life. Many were students at one (or more) of the colleges of the University, and others held fellowships at a college. This list forms part of a series of lists of people associated with the University of Oxford - for other lists, please see the main article List of University of Oxford people.'}
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The college attended by Nicky Blair is located on the banks of which river ?
River Cherwell
04af105b253a4f70
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_Hockey_League_retired_numbers', 'title': 'List of National Hockey League retired numbers', 'header': ['Name', 'Team', 'No', 'Date'], 'data': [{'value': 'Red Berenson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Red_Berenson', 'summary': "Gordon Arthur Red , The Red Baron Berenson ( born December 8 , 1939 ) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey centre and head coach of the Michigan Wolverines men 's ice hockey team from 1984 to 2017 . Berenson was inducted into Canada 's Sports Hall of Fame in 2005 and the US Hockey Hall of Fame in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'St. Louis Blues', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Louis_Blues', 'summary': "The St. Louis Blues are a professional ice hockey team based in St. Louis . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The franchise was founded in 1967 as one of the six teams from the 1967 NHL expansion and is named after the W. C. Handy song Saint Louis Blues . The Blues play their home games at the 19,150-seat Enterprise Center in downtown St. Louis , which has been their arena since moving from St. Louis Arena in 1994 . The Blues qualified for the playoffs in all but nine of their 52 seasons , appeared in the Stanley Cup Finals four times , and won the Stanley Cup in 2019 . Their 42 playoff appearances are the most for any NHL team outside of the Original Six , although the franchise struggled in the postseason throughout much of their history . While they made the Stanley Cup Finals in each of their first three seasons , they were swept each time . With the Blues ' victory in their fourth Stanley Cup Final , 49 years after their last appearance and in their 52nd year of existence , they became the final active team from the 1967 expansion to win their first Stanley Cup . The Blues have a rivalry with the Chicago Blackhawks , with both teams having played in the same division since 1970 . The San Antonio Rampage of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) and the Tulsa Oilers of the ECHL are the two minor league affiliates of the Blues ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 7 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wayne Gretzky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wayne_Gretzky', 'summary': "Wayne Douglas Gretzky CC ( /ˈɡrɛtski/ ; born January 26 , 1961 ) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player and former head coach . He played 20 seasons in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) for four teams from 1979 to 1999 . Nicknamed The Great One , he has been called the greatest hockey player ever by many sportswriters , players , and the NHL itself . Gretzky is the leading scorer in NHL history , with more goals and assists than any other player . He garnered more assists than any other player scored total points , and is the only NHL player to total over 200 points in one season - a feat he accomplished four times . In addition , Gretzky tallied over 100 points in 16 professional seasons , 14 of them consecutive . At the time of his retirement in 1999 , he held 61 NHL records : 40 regular season records , 15 playoff records , and 6 All-Star records . Born and raised in Brantford , Ontario , Canada , Gretzky honed his skills at a backyard rink and regularly played minor hockey at a level far above his peers . Despite his unimpressive stature , strength and speed , Gretzky 's intelligence and reading of the game were unrivaled . He was adept at dodging checks from opposing players , and consistently anticipated where the puck was going to be and executed the right move at the right time . Gretzky became known for setting up behind his opponent 's net , an area that was nicknamed Gretzky 's office . In 1978 , Gretzky signed with the Indianapolis Racers of the World Hockey Association ( WHA ) , where he briefly played before being traded to the Edmonton Oilers ."}]}, {'value': 'Arizona Coyotes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona_Coyotes', 'summary': "The Arizona Coyotes are a professional ice hockey team based in the Phoenix suburb of Glendale , Arizona . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The Coyotes first played at America West Arena in downtown Phoenix , before moving to Glendale 's Gila River Arena in 2003 . In 2021 , the Coyotes are scheduled to return to the Central Division when an expansion team in Seattle joins the league . The Coyotes were founded on December 27 , 1971 , as the Winnipeg Jets of the World Hockey Association ( WHA ) . After the WHA had ceased operations , they were one of four franchises absorbed into the National Hockey League and then granted membership on June 22 , 1979 . The Jets moved to Phoenix on July 1 , 1996 , and were renamed the Phoenix Coyotes . In 2014 , the team was re-named to the present Arizona Coyotes . The Coyotes are owned by Alex Meruelo , who purchased the club in 2019 . The team is known for its instability under prior ownership . The NHL took ownership of the Phoenix Coyotes franchise in 2009 after then-owner Jerry Moyes turned it over to the league after declaring bankruptcy and the league kept control of the team until 2013 when they were able to find ownership willing to keep the team in Arizona . The Coyotes continue to be at odds with the city of Glendale and the use of Gila River Arena , but has signed a lease through the 2019-20 season ."}]}, {'value': '99', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'October 8 , 2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dale Hawerchuk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dale_Hawerchuk', 'summary': "Dale Hawerchuk ( born April 4 , 1963 ) is a Canadian ice hockey coach and former professional player . Hawerchuk played in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) for 16 seasons . He won the NHL 's Calder Memorial Trophy as the league 's Rookie of the Year in 1982 and was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in his second year of eligibility in 2001 . Hawerchuk served as the head coach of the Barrie Colts of the Ontario Hockey League from 2010 to 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Arizona Coyotes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona_Coyotes', 'summary': "The Arizona Coyotes are a professional ice hockey team based in the Phoenix suburb of Glendale , Arizona . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The Coyotes first played at America West Arena in downtown Phoenix , before moving to Glendale 's Gila River Arena in 2003 . In 2021 , the Coyotes are scheduled to return to the Central Division when an expansion team in Seattle joins the league . The Coyotes were founded on December 27 , 1971 , as the Winnipeg Jets of the World Hockey Association ( WHA ) . After the WHA had ceased operations , they were one of four franchises absorbed into the National Hockey League and then granted membership on June 22 , 1979 . The Jets moved to Phoenix on July 1 , 1996 , and were renamed the Phoenix Coyotes . In 2014 , the team was re-named to the present Arizona Coyotes . The Coyotes are owned by Alex Meruelo , who purchased the club in 2019 . The team is known for its instability under prior ownership . The NHL took ownership of the Phoenix Coyotes franchise in 2009 after then-owner Jerry Moyes turned it over to the league after declaring bankruptcy and the league kept control of the team until 2013 when they were able to find ownership willing to keep the team in Arizona . The Coyotes continue to be at odds with the city of Glendale and the use of Gila River Arena , but has signed a lease through the 2019-20 season ."}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 5 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bobby Hull', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bobby_Hull', 'summary': "Robert Marvin Hull , [ citation needed ] OC ( born January 3 , 1939 ) is a Canadian former ice hockey player who is regarded as one of the greatest players of all time . His blonde hair , legendary skating speed , end-to-end rushes , and ability to shoot the puck at very high velocity together earned him the name The Golden Jet . His talents were such that one or two opposing players were often assigned just to shadow him - a tribute to his explosiveness . In his 23 years in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) and World Hockey Association ( WHA ) , Hull played for the Chicago Black Hawks , Winnipeg Jets , and Hartford Whalers . He won the Hart Memorial Trophy as the NHL 's most valuable player twice and the Art Ross Trophy as the NHL 's leading point scorer three times , while helping the Black Hawks win the Stanley Cup in 1961 . He also led the WHA 's Winnipeg Jets to Avco Cup championships in 1976 and 1978 . He led the NHL in goals seven times , the second most of any player in history , and led the WHA in goals one additional time while being the WHA 's most valuable player two times . He was elected to the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1983 , the Ontario Sports Hall of Fame in 1997 , and received the Wayne Gretzky International Award in 2003 . In 2017 Hull was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players ' in history ."}]}, {'value': 'Arizona Coyotes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona_Coyotes', 'summary': "The Arizona Coyotes are a professional ice hockey team based in the Phoenix suburb of Glendale , Arizona . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The Coyotes first played at America West Arena in downtown Phoenix , before moving to Glendale 's Gila River Arena in 2003 . In 2021 , the Coyotes are scheduled to return to the Central Division when an expansion team in Seattle joins the league . The Coyotes were founded on December 27 , 1971 , as the Winnipeg Jets of the World Hockey Association ( WHA ) . After the WHA had ceased operations , they were one of four franchises absorbed into the National Hockey League and then granted membership on June 22 , 1979 . The Jets moved to Phoenix on July 1 , 1996 , and were renamed the Phoenix Coyotes . In 2014 , the team was re-named to the present Arizona Coyotes . The Coyotes are owned by Alex Meruelo , who purchased the club in 2019 . The team is known for its instability under prior ownership . The NHL took ownership of the Phoenix Coyotes franchise in 2009 after then-owner Jerry Moyes turned it over to the league after declaring bankruptcy and the league kept control of the team until 2013 when they were able to find ownership willing to keep the team in Arizona . The Coyotes continue to be at odds with the city of Glendale and the use of Gila River Arena , but has signed a lease through the 2019-20 season ."}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'October 8 , 2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Al MacInnis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Al_MacInnis', 'summary': "Allan MacInnis ( born July 11 , 1963 ) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenceman who played 23 seasons in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) for the Calgary Flames ( 1981-1994 ) and St. Louis Blues ( 1994-2004 ) . A first round selection of the Flames in the 1981 NHL Entry Draft , he went on to become a 12-time All-Star . He was named the Conn Smythe Trophy winner as the most valuable player of the playoffs in 1989 after leading the Flames to the Stanley Cup championship . He was voted the winner of the James Norris Memorial Trophy in 1999 as the top defenceman in the league while a member of the Blues . In 2017 MacInnis was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players ' in history . MacInnis was most famous for having the hardest shot in the league . He tied Bobby Orr 's Ontario Hockey League ( OHL ) record for goals by a defenceman , and won two OHL championships and a Memorial Cup with the Kitchener Rangers as a junior . He famously split goaltender Mike Liut 's mask with a shot , and became only the fourth defenceman in NHL history to score 100 points in a season . Internationally , he was an all-star on defence as Canada won the 1991 Canada Cup and twice participated in the Winter Olympics . He was a member of the 2002 team that won Canada 's first gold medal in 50 years . An eye injury suffered early in the 2003-04 NHL season forced MacInnis into retirement . He finished his career third all-time among defencemen in goals , assists and points and was named to seven post-season all-star teams ."}]}, {'value': 'Calgary Flames', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calgary_Flames', 'summary': "The Calgary Flames are a professional ice hockey team based in Calgary . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The club is the third major professional ice hockey team to represent the city of Calgary , following the Calgary Tigers ( 1921-1927 ) and Calgary Cowboys ( 1975-1977 ) . The Flames are one of two NHL franchises in Alberta ; the other is the Edmonton Oilers . The cities ' proximity has led to a rivalry known as the Battle of Alberta . The team was founded in 1972 in Atlanta as the Atlanta Flames until relocating to Calgary in 1980 . The Flames played their first three seasons in Calgary at the Stampede Corral before moving into their current home arena , the Scotiabank Saddledome ( originally known as the Olympic Saddledome ) , in 1983 . In 1985-86 , the Flames became the first Calgary team since the 1923-24 Tigers to compete for the Stanley Cup . In 1988-89 , the Flames won their first and only championship . The Flames ' unexpected run to the 2004 Stanley Cup Finals gave rise to the Red Mile , and in 2011 the team hosted and won the second Heritage Classic outdoor game . The Flames have won two Presidents ' Trophies as the NHL 's top regular season team , and have claimed seven division championships . Individually , Jarome Iginla is the franchise leader in games played , goals and points and is a two-time winner of the Maurice Rocket Richard Trophy as the NHL 's leading goal scorer ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'February 27 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joe Mullen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joe_Mullen', 'summary': "Joseph Patrick Mullen ( born February 26 , 1957 ) is an American former professional ice hockey player . He played 16 seasons in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) with the St. Louis Blues , Calgary Flames , Pittsburgh Penguins and Boston Bruins between 1980 and 1997 . He was a member of three Stanley Cup championship teams , winning with the Flames in 1989 and the Penguins in 1991 and 1992 . Mullen turned to coaching in 2000 , serving as an assistant in Pittsburgh and briefly as head coach of the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins . He was an assistant with the Philadelphia Flyers from 2007 to 2017 . An undrafted player , Mullen was an all-star for the Boston College Eagles before turning professional in the Blues ' organization . He was named the Central Hockey League ( CHL ) rookie of the year in 1980 and most valuable player in 1981 as a member of the Salt Lake Golden Eagles . He won the Lady Byng Memorial Trophy as the NHL 's most gentlemanly player on two occasions as a member of the Flames , as well as the NHL Plus-Minus Award . Mullen was named to the First All-Star Team in 1988-89 and played in three NHL All-Star Games . Mullen played with the United States National Team on several occasions , including three Canada Cup tournaments . He was the first American player to score 500 goals and to reach 1,000 points in his career . Mullen received the Lester Patrick Trophy in 1995 in recognition of his contributions to the sport in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'St. Louis Blues', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Louis_Blues', 'summary': "The St. Louis Blues are a professional ice hockey team based in St. Louis . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The franchise was founded in 1967 as one of the six teams from the 1967 NHL expansion and is named after the W. C. Handy song Saint Louis Blues . The Blues play their home games at the 19,150-seat Enterprise Center in downtown St. Louis , which has been their arena since moving from St. Louis Arena in 1994 . The Blues qualified for the playoffs in all but nine of their 52 seasons , appeared in the Stanley Cup Finals four times , and won the Stanley Cup in 2019 . Their 42 playoff appearances are the most for any NHL team outside of the Original Six , although the franchise struggled in the postseason throughout much of their history . While they made the Stanley Cup Finals in each of their first three seasons , they were swept each time . With the Blues ' victory in their fourth Stanley Cup Final , 49 years after their last appearance and in their 52nd year of existence , they became the final active team from the 1967 expansion to win their first Stanley Cup . The Blues have a rivalry with the Chicago Blackhawks , with both teams having played in the same division since 1970 . The San Antonio Rampage of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) and the Tulsa Oilers of the ECHL are the two minor league affiliates of the Blues ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 7 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joe Nieuwendyk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joe_Nieuwendyk', 'summary': "Joseph Joe Nieuwendyk ( /ˈnuːəndaɪk/ NOO-ən-dyke ; born September 10 , 1966 ) is a Canadian former National Hockey League ( NHL ) player . He was a second round selection of the Calgary Flames , 27th overall , at the 1985 NHL Entry Draft and played 20 seasons for the Flames , Dallas Stars , New Jersey Devils , Toronto Maple Leafs , and Florida Panthers . He is one of only 11 players in NHL history to win the Stanley Cup with three or more different teams , winning titles with Calgary in 1989 , Dallas in 1999 and New Jersey in 2003 . A two-time Olympian , Nieuwendyk won a gold medal with Team Canada at the 2002 winter games . He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2011 and his uniform number 25 was honoured by the Flames in 2014 . Joe Nieuwendyk was inducted into the Ontario Sports Hall of Fame in 2014 . In 2017 Nieuwendyk was named one of the '100 Greatest NHL Players ' in history . An accomplished box lacrosse player , Nieuwendyk led the Whitby Warriors to the 1984 Minto Cup national junior championship before focusing exclusively on hockey . He played university hockey with the Cornell Big Red where he was a two-time All-American . He won the Calder Memorial Trophy as NHL rookie of the year in 1988 after becoming only the second first-year player to score 50 goals . He was a four-time All-Star , won the King Clancy Memorial Trophy in 1995 for his leadership and humanitarian work , and was named the Conn Smythe Trophy winner in 1999 as most valuable player of the postseason . Nieuwendyk played 1,257 games in his career , scoring 564 goals and 1,126 points ."}]}, {'value': 'Calgary Flames', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Calgary_Flames', 'summary': "The Calgary Flames are a professional ice hockey team based in Calgary . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The club is the third major professional ice hockey team to represent the city of Calgary , following the Calgary Tigers ( 1921-1927 ) and Calgary Cowboys ( 1975-1977 ) . The Flames are one of two NHL franchises in Alberta ; the other is the Edmonton Oilers . The cities ' proximity has led to a rivalry known as the Battle of Alberta . The team was founded in 1972 in Atlanta as the Atlanta Flames until relocating to Calgary in 1980 . The Flames played their first three seasons in Calgary at the Stampede Corral before moving into their current home arena , the Scotiabank Saddledome ( originally known as the Olympic Saddledome ) , in 1983 . In 1985-86 , the Flames became the first Calgary team since the 1923-24 Tigers to compete for the Stanley Cup . In 1988-89 , the Flames won their first and only championship . The Flames ' unexpected run to the 2004 Stanley Cup Finals gave rise to the Red Mile , and in 2011 the team hosted and won the second Heritage Classic outdoor game . The Flames have won two Presidents ' Trophies as the NHL 's top regular season team , and have claimed seven division championships . Individually , Jarome Iginla is the franchise leader in games played , goals and points and is a two-time winner of the Maurice Rocket Richard Trophy as the NHL 's leading goal scorer ."}]}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 7 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Teppo Numminen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Teppo_Numminen', 'summary': 'Teppo Kalevi Numminen ( born July 3 , 1968 ) is a Finnish retired professional ice hockey defenceman who played in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Arizona Coyotes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona_Coyotes', 'summary': "The Arizona Coyotes are a professional ice hockey team based in the Phoenix suburb of Glendale , Arizona . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The Coyotes first played at America West Arena in downtown Phoenix , before moving to Glendale 's Gila River Arena in 2003 . In 2021 , the Coyotes are scheduled to return to the Central Division when an expansion team in Seattle joins the league . The Coyotes were founded on December 27 , 1971 , as the Winnipeg Jets of the World Hockey Association ( WHA ) . After the WHA had ceased operations , they were one of four franchises absorbed into the National Hockey League and then granted membership on June 22 , 1979 . The Jets moved to Phoenix on July 1 , 1996 , and were renamed the Phoenix Coyotes . In 2014 , the team was re-named to the present Arizona Coyotes . The Coyotes are owned by Alex Meruelo , who purchased the club in 2019 . The team is known for its instability under prior ownership . The NHL took ownership of the Phoenix Coyotes franchise in 2009 after then-owner Jerry Moyes turned it over to the league after declaring bankruptcy and the league kept control of the team until 2013 when they were able to find ownership willing to keep the team in Arizona . The Coyotes continue to be at odds with the city of Glendale and the use of Gila River Arena , but has signed a lease through the 2019-20 season ."}]}, {'value': '27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'January 30 , 2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jeremy Roenick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jeremy_Roenick', 'summary': 'Jeremy Shaffer Roenick ( /ˈroʊnɪk/ ; born January 17 , 1970 ) is an American former professional ice hockey player who played the majority of his career in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) . He played for the Chicago Blackhawks , Phoenix Coyotes , Philadelphia Flyers , Los Angeles Kings and San Jose Sharks over the course of his 18 NHL season career and represented Team USA in numerous international tournaments . On November 10 , 2007 , he became the third American-born player ( Joe Mullen and Mike Modano were the first two ) to score 500 goals .'}]}, {'value': 'Arizona Coyotes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona_Coyotes', 'summary': "The Arizona Coyotes are a professional ice hockey team based in the Phoenix suburb of Glendale , Arizona . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The Coyotes first played at America West Arena in downtown Phoenix , before moving to Glendale 's Gila River Arena in 2003 . In 2021 , the Coyotes are scheduled to return to the Central Division when an expansion team in Seattle joins the league . The Coyotes were founded on December 27 , 1971 , as the Winnipeg Jets of the World Hockey Association ( WHA ) . After the WHA had ceased operations , they were one of four franchises absorbed into the National Hockey League and then granted membership on June 22 , 1979 . The Jets moved to Phoenix on July 1 , 1996 , and were renamed the Phoenix Coyotes . In 2014 , the team was re-named to the present Arizona Coyotes . The Coyotes are owned by Alex Meruelo , who purchased the club in 2019 . The team is known for its instability under prior ownership . The NHL took ownership of the Phoenix Coyotes franchise in 2009 after then-owner Jerry Moyes turned it over to the league after declaring bankruptcy and the league kept control of the team until 2013 when they were able to find ownership willing to keep the team in Arizona . The Coyotes continue to be at odds with the city of Glendale and the use of Gila River Arena , but has signed a lease through the 2019-20 season ."}]}, {'value': '97', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'February 11 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thomas Steen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Steen', 'summary': 'Anders Thomas Steen ( born June 8 , 1960 ) is a Swedish former professional ice hockey player and coach . Steen is the former city councillor for the Winnipeg ward of Elmwood-East Kildonan . Steen played professional ice hockey in the Elitserien , National Hockey League and Deutsche Eishockey Liga . In his time in the NHL , he spent the entirety of his career with the original Winnipeg Jets .'}]}, {'value': 'Arizona Coyotes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona_Coyotes', 'summary': "The Arizona Coyotes are a professional ice hockey team based in the Phoenix suburb of Glendale , Arizona . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The Coyotes first played at America West Arena in downtown Phoenix , before moving to Glendale 's Gila River Arena in 2003 . In 2021 , the Coyotes are scheduled to return to the Central Division when an expansion team in Seattle joins the league . The Coyotes were founded on December 27 , 1971 , as the Winnipeg Jets of the World Hockey Association ( WHA ) . After the WHA had ceased operations , they were one of four franchises absorbed into the National Hockey League and then granted membership on June 22 , 1979 . The Jets moved to Phoenix on July 1 , 1996 , and were renamed the Phoenix Coyotes . In 2014 , the team was re-named to the present Arizona Coyotes . The Coyotes are owned by Alex Meruelo , who purchased the club in 2019 . The team is known for its instability under prior ownership . The NHL took ownership of the Phoenix Coyotes franchise in 2009 after then-owner Jerry Moyes turned it over to the league after declaring bankruptcy and the league kept control of the team until 2013 when they were able to find ownership willing to keep the team in Arizona . The Coyotes continue to be at odds with the city of Glendale and the use of Gila River Arena , but has signed a lease through the 2019-20 season ."}]}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'January 21 , 2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Keith Tkachuk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Keith_Tkachuk', 'summary': 'Keith Matthew Tkachuk ( /kəˈtʃʌk/ ; born March 28 , 1972 ) is an American former professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) in a 18-year career with the Winnipeg Jets , Phoenix Coyotes , St. Louis Blues and Atlanta Thrashers , retiring in 2010 . His sons Matthew and Brady play for the Calgary Flames and the Ottawa Senators , respectively . He is one of five American-born players to score 500 goals , and is the sixth American player to score 1,000 points . He is considered to be one of the greatest U.S.-born players in NHL history .'}]}, {'value': 'Arizona Coyotes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona_Coyotes', 'summary': "The Arizona Coyotes are a professional ice hockey team based in the Phoenix suburb of Glendale , Arizona . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The Coyotes first played at America West Arena in downtown Phoenix , before moving to Glendale 's Gila River Arena in 2003 . In 2021 , the Coyotes are scheduled to return to the Central Division when an expansion team in Seattle joins the league . The Coyotes were founded on December 27 , 1971 , as the Winnipeg Jets of the World Hockey Association ( WHA ) . After the WHA had ceased operations , they were one of four franchises absorbed into the National Hockey League and then granted membership on June 22 , 1979 . The Jets moved to Phoenix on July 1 , 1996 , and were renamed the Phoenix Coyotes . In 2014 , the team was re-named to the present Arizona Coyotes . The Coyotes are owned by Alex Meruelo , who purchased the club in 2019 . The team is known for its instability under prior ownership . The NHL took ownership of the Phoenix Coyotes franchise in 2009 after then-owner Jerry Moyes turned it over to the league after declaring bankruptcy and the league kept control of the team until 2013 when they were able to find ownership willing to keep the team in Arizona . The Coyotes continue to be at odds with the city of Glendale and the use of Gila River Arena , but has signed a lease through the 2019-20 season ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'December 23 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Keith Tkachuk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Keith_Tkachuk', 'summary': 'Keith Matthew Tkachuk ( /kəˈtʃʌk/ ; born March 28 , 1972 ) is an American former professional ice hockey player who played in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) in a 18-year career with the Winnipeg Jets , Phoenix Coyotes , St. Louis Blues and Atlanta Thrashers , retiring in 2010 . His sons Matthew and Brady play for the Calgary Flames and the Ottawa Senators , respectively . He is one of five American-born players to score 500 goals , and is the sixth American player to score 1,000 points . He is considered to be one of the greatest U.S.-born players in NHL history .'}]}, {'value': 'St. Louis Blues', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Louis_Blues', 'summary': "The St. Louis Blues are a professional ice hockey team based in St. Louis . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The franchise was founded in 1967 as one of the six teams from the 1967 NHL expansion and is named after the W. C. Handy song Saint Louis Blues . The Blues play their home games at the 19,150-seat Enterprise Center in downtown St. Louis , which has been their arena since moving from St. Louis Arena in 1994 . The Blues qualified for the playoffs in all but nine of their 52 seasons , appeared in the Stanley Cup Finals four times , and won the Stanley Cup in 2019 . Their 42 playoff appearances are the most for any NHL team outside of the Original Six , although the franchise struggled in the postseason throughout much of their history . While they made the Stanley Cup Finals in each of their first three seasons , they were swept each time . With the Blues ' victory in their fourth Stanley Cup Final , 49 years after their last appearance and in their 52nd year of existence , they became the final active team from the 1967 expansion to win their first Stanley Cup . The Blues have a rivalry with the Chicago Blackhawks , with both teams having played in the same division since 1970 . The San Antonio Rampage of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) and the Tulsa Oilers of the ECHL are the two minor league affiliates of the Blues ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 7 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Garry Unger', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Garry_Unger', 'summary': 'Garry Douglas Iron man Unger ( born December 7 , 1947 ) is a former professional ice hockey centre who played 16 seasons in the National Hockey League from 1967 until 1983 .'}]}, {'value': 'St. Louis Blues', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Louis_Blues', 'summary': "The St. Louis Blues are a professional ice hockey team based in St. Louis . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The franchise was founded in 1967 as one of the six teams from the 1967 NHL expansion and is named after the W. C. Handy song Saint Louis Blues . The Blues play their home games at the 19,150-seat Enterprise Center in downtown St. Louis , which has been their arena since moving from St. Louis Arena in 1994 . The Blues qualified for the playoffs in all but nine of their 52 seasons , appeared in the Stanley Cup Finals four times , and won the Stanley Cup in 2019 . Their 42 playoff appearances are the most for any NHL team outside of the Original Six , although the franchise struggled in the postseason throughout much of their history . While they made the Stanley Cup Finals in each of their first three seasons , they were swept each time . With the Blues ' victory in their fourth Stanley Cup Final , 49 years after their last appearance and in their 52nd year of existence , they became the final active team from the 1967 expansion to win their first Stanley Cup . The Blues have a rivalry with the Chicago Blackhawks , with both teams having played in the same division since 1970 . The San Antonio Rampage of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) and the Tulsa Oilers of the ECHL are the two minor league affiliates of the Blues ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 7 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Doug Wickenheiser', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Doug_Wickenheiser', 'summary': 'Douglas Peter Wickenheiser ( March 30 , 1961 - January 12 , 1999 ) was a Canadian ice hockey player , who was drafted first overall by the Montreal Canadiens in the 1980 NHL Entry Draft .'}]}, {'value': 'St. Louis Blues', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/St._Louis_Blues', 'summary': "The St. Louis Blues are a professional ice hockey team based in St. Louis . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The franchise was founded in 1967 as one of the six teams from the 1967 NHL expansion and is named after the W. C. Handy song Saint Louis Blues . The Blues play their home games at the 19,150-seat Enterprise Center in downtown St. Louis , which has been their arena since moving from St. Louis Arena in 1994 . The Blues qualified for the playoffs in all but nine of their 52 seasons , appeared in the Stanley Cup Finals four times , and won the Stanley Cup in 2019 . Their 42 playoff appearances are the most for any NHL team outside of the Original Six , although the franchise struggled in the postseason throughout much of their history . While they made the Stanley Cup Finals in each of their first three seasons , they were swept each time . With the Blues ' victory in their fourth Stanley Cup Final , 49 years after their last appearance and in their 52nd year of existence , they became the final active team from the 1967 expansion to win their first Stanley Cup . The Blues have a rivalry with the Chicago Blackhawks , with both teams having played in the same division since 1970 . The San Antonio Rampage of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) and the Tulsa Oilers of the ECHL are the two minor league affiliates of the Blues ."}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Honoured numbers', 'section_text': 'Unlike the numbers retired by the Flames , these honoured numbers were not necessarily withdrawn from circulation . Some of the numbers honoured by the Blues remain in circulation , while others have been removed from circulation without being officially retired .', 'uid': 'List_of_NHL_retired_numbers_2', 'intro': "This is a complete list of numbers retired by the National Hockey League (NHL). A retired number is a jersey number that is taken out of circulation by a team as a way of honouring a former member of that team who wore that number; after the number's retirement, members of that team are not permitted to wear the number on their jerseys unless by permission of the original number holder. The first team to retire a number was the Toronto Maple Leafs, which retired Ace Bailey's number 6 on February 14, 1934, prior to an All-Star game organized in his honour. The NHL currently has 128 retired numbers, 3 pending number retirements, 7 former retirements, and 23 honoured numbers. Most of the numbers retired by the Hartford Whalers and Quebec Nordiques were put back in circulation when those franchises relocated and became the Carolina Hurricanes and Colorado Avalanche\n, respectively, although the Hurricanes keep Gordie Howe's number 9 unofficially retired. The Minnesota North Stars' two retired numbers were carried over when that franchise relocated to become the Dallas Stars, and remain retired today. The Arizona Coyotes had a policy of retaining the numbers retired when the franchise was the Winnipeg Jets but reversed it after the Phoenix Coyotes were sold and became the Arizona Coyotes. Honoured numbers are similar to retired numbers, except that they remain available for use by other players. Presently, only the Calgary Flames, and the St. Louis Blues employ this designation. The Philadelphia Flyers have also unofficially retired number 31 in honour of goaltender Pelle Lindbergh since his death in 1985. Wayne Gretzky's number 99 has been retired league-wide in 2000, although the Edmonton Oilers and Los Angeles Kings separately retired Gretzky's number. Upon joining the league in 2000, the Minnesota Wild had a ceremony retiring number 1 from circulation as a tribute to their fans."}
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When was the number worn by the Elmwood-East Kildonan city councillor honoured ?
January 21 , 2006
04af2e0de026ff1e
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_football_transfers_2014', 'title': 'List of Malaysian football transfers 2014', 'header': ['Position', 'Player', 'From club', 'Fee'], 'data': [{'value': 'D/DMC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Muhammad Shukor Adan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Muhammad_Shukor_Adan', 'summary': 'Muhammad Shukor bin Adan ( born 24 September 1979 in Malacca ) is a Malaysian professional footballer who last plays for Melaka United . He plays mainly as a defensive midfielder but can also play as a centre back . Shukor is the former captain of the Selangor team . He is a former member and former captain of the Malaysian national team of 2014 AFF Suzuki Cup campaign . He has been described as one of the top Malaysia midfielders in history .'}]}, {'value': 'ATM', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ATM_FA', 'summary': "Armed Forces Football Club commonly known as Armed Forces enters a team in Malaysian football competitions to represent the Malaysian Armed Forces . The club 's home stadium is the MINDEF Stadium . The club currently plays in the 3rd division of Malaysian football , the Malaysia M3 League ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goalkeeper_(association_football)', 'summary': "The goalkeeper , often shortened to keeper or goalie , is one of the major positions of association football . It is the most specialised position in the sport . The goalkeeper 's primary role is to prevent the opposing team from scoring ( moving the ball over the defended goal-line within the frame of the goal ) . This is accomplished by the goalkeeper moving into the path of the ball and either catching it or directing it away from the vicinity of the goal line . Within the penalty area goalkeepers are able to use their hands , making them ( outside throw-ins ) the only players on the field permitted to handle the ball . The special status of goalkeepers is indicated by them wearing different coloured kits from their teammates . The back-pass rule prevents goalkeepers handling direct passes back to them from teammates . Goalkeepers usually perform goal kicks , and also give commands to their defence during corner kicks , direct and indirect free kicks , and marking . Goalkeepers play an important role in directing on field strategy as they have an unrestricted view of the entire pitch , giving them a unique perspective on play development . The goalkeeper is the only required position of a team . If they are injured or sent off , a substitute goalkeeper has to take their place , otherwise an outfield player must take the ejected keeper 's place in goal . In order to replace a goalkeeper who is sent off , a team usually substitutes an outfield player for the backup keeper ( thus effectively the red card and substitution takes out two of the starting eleven players ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Mohd Farizal Harun', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mohd_Farizal_Harun', 'summary': 'Mohd Farizal bin Harun ( born 2 February 1986 in Seremban , Negeri Sembilan ) is a Malaysian footballer who plays for Selangor as a goalkeeper in the Malaysia Premier League . Known as Farizal most recognized due to his technical ability in term of reflex saves and specialize in saving penalty kick . From Felda Palong , Negeri Sembilan , he is the son of Felda settlers . But his lack of consistency cost the team triumph . Once upon a time Felda United almost created history to win their first ever FA Cup but last minute Pahang managed to grabbed 2 cushioned goals . The same thing happened during 2012 Malaysia Cup Final when Kelantan scored 2 easy gol after Farizal nutmegged by himself . During 2013 Malaysia Cup campaign , once again , the same story when ATM were leading by away goal margin to final but lost the game after the defenders failed to held the pressured from Kelantan offensive counterpart . Thus conceding last minute goal scored by Fakri Saarani . 2018 Farizal won his second Malaysia Premier League title with Felda United , his second title after 2012 season with ATM .'}]}, {'value': 'ATM', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ATM_FA', 'summary': "Armed Forces Football Club commonly known as Armed Forces enters a team in Malaysian football competitions to represent the Malaysian Armed Forces . The club 's home stadium is the MINDEF Stadium . The club currently plays in the 3rd division of Malaysian football , the Malaysia M3 League ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goalkeeper_(association_football)', 'summary': "The goalkeeper , often shortened to keeper or goalie , is one of the major positions of association football . It is the most specialised position in the sport . The goalkeeper 's primary role is to prevent the opposing team from scoring ( moving the ball over the defended goal-line within the frame of the goal ) . This is accomplished by the goalkeeper moving into the path of the ball and either catching it or directing it away from the vicinity of the goal line . Within the penalty area goalkeepers are able to use their hands , making them ( outside throw-ins ) the only players on the field permitted to handle the ball . The special status of goalkeepers is indicated by them wearing different coloured kits from their teammates . The back-pass rule prevents goalkeepers handling direct passes back to them from teammates . Goalkeepers usually perform goal kicks , and also give commands to their defence during corner kicks , direct and indirect free kicks , and marking . Goalkeepers play an important role in directing on field strategy as they have an unrestricted view of the entire pitch , giving them a unique perspective on play development . The goalkeeper is the only required position of a team . If they are injured or sent off , a substitute goalkeeper has to take their place , otherwise an outfield player must take the ejected keeper 's place in goal . In order to replace a goalkeeper who is sent off , a team usually substitutes an outfield player for the backup keeper ( thus effectively the red card and substitution takes out two of the starting eleven players ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Mohd Fairul Azwan Shahrullai', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mohd_Fairul_Azwan_Shahrullai', 'summary': 'Mohd Fairul Azwan Shahrullai ( born 20 March 1987 in Selangor ) is a Malaysian goalkeeper currently playing for FELDA United F.C . in Malaysia Super League .'}]}, {'value': 'Selangor FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Selangor_FA', 'summary': "Football Association of Selangor ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Selangor ) , commonly referred to as FA Selangor is a Malaysian professional football club based in the city of Shah Alam and competes in the Malaysia Super League , the top division of Malaysian football . Founded in 1936 as Football Association of Selangor ( FAS ) and the association start build its football development by forming the professional football team and known as FA Selangor . It currently plays their home games in the 80,372-capacity Shah Alam Stadium . Selangor is the most successful club in Malaysia , in terms of overall titles won . Domestically , Selangor have won a record 6 times Malaysia top division league champion which include 2 Super League titles that currently plays , 5 FA Cups champion , 33 Malaysia Cups champion and 8 Charity Cups titles . Beside that , Selangor also have won 2 times Premier League titles and between 1953 to 1973 , 7 FAM Cups titles where FAM Cup as a secondary knockout competition between teams only after Malaysia Cup . Selangor also the first club to qualified and enter the highest Asian continental tournament , Asian Club Championship and becoming the runner-up in 1967 , the first edition of the Asian top-flight continental club tournament , which is later branded as the AFC Champions League in 2002 . In a season of 1997 , 2005 and 2009 were the most successful years for Selangor . In 1997 season , the club won three trophies FA Cup , Malaysia Cup and Charity Cup and runner-up for the Agong 's Cup under the coach Steve Wicks . In 2005 season , the team won three trophies Premier League , FA Cup and Malaysia Cup under the coaching of Dollah Salleh while in 2009 season , the head coach , K. Devan leads the team winning three trophies Super League , FA Cup and Charity Cup . This is the first domestic doubles for the history of the club . Among those who are responsible for the success of Selangor are the presidents : Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj , Harun Idris , Mohd ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goalkeeper_(association_football)', 'summary': "The goalkeeper , often shortened to keeper or goalie , is one of the major positions of association football . It is the most specialised position in the sport . The goalkeeper 's primary role is to prevent the opposing team from scoring ( moving the ball over the defended goal-line within the frame of the goal ) . This is accomplished by the goalkeeper moving into the path of the ball and either catching it or directing it away from the vicinity of the goal line . Within the penalty area goalkeepers are able to use their hands , making them ( outside throw-ins ) the only players on the field permitted to handle the ball . The special status of goalkeepers is indicated by them wearing different coloured kits from their teammates . The back-pass rule prevents goalkeepers handling direct passes back to them from teammates . Goalkeepers usually perform goal kicks , and also give commands to their defence during corner kicks , direct and indirect free kicks , and marking . Goalkeepers play an important role in directing on field strategy as they have an unrestricted view of the entire pitch , giving them a unique perspective on play development . The goalkeeper is the only required position of a team . If they are injured or sent off , a substitute goalkeeper has to take their place , otherwise an outfield player must take the ejected keeper 's place in goal . In order to replace a goalkeeper who is sent off , a team usually substitutes an outfield player for the backup keeper ( thus effectively the red card and substitution takes out two of the starting eleven players ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Mohd Soffuan Tawil', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Putrajaya SPA F.C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Putrajaya_SPA_F.C.', 'summary': 'Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Awam Football Club or SPA FC was founded and started as a recreational club for the staffs of the Malaysian Public Services Commission ( Malay : Suruhanjaya Perkhidmatan Awam Malaysia ) . The club , affiliated with Kuala Lumpur FA , started by competing the KLFA Second Division League in 2005 . Promoted to KLFA First Division in 2007 , they continued their ascent in the Kuala Lumpur football pyramid when they were promoted to KLFA Premier League in 2009 . They joined the nationwide amateur league Malaysia FAM League in 2010 . Their first season saw them finished at respectable third place , only pipped by SDMS Kepala Batas for the second automatic promotion spot to 2011 Malaysia Premier League by virtue of goal difference . However their second season in the league were not as good , finishing in eighth place out of 11 teams . The 2012 season was to be the watershed season for the club . In the FA Cup they advanced to the quarter-finals , the furthest a Malaysia FAM League side has progressed since 1994 when the competition opened to clubs from the FAM League . SPA progressed by beating Malaysia Premier League side MBJB FC and invited Cambodian club Preah Khan Reach F.C. , before being stopped by Malaysia Super League defending champion Kelantan FA who defeated them 5-0 on aggregate . Kelantan went on to win the FA Cup . In the league , SPA went all the way to become the league champion , clinching the title and promotion to 2013 Malaysia Premier League with a match to spare .'}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'AMLC/ST', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(association_football)', 'summary': "Forwards are the players on a football ( soccer ) team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4-2-3-1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none ."}]}, {'value': 'Indra Putra Mahayuddin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indra_Putra_Mahayuddin', 'summary': 'Indra Putra Bin Mahayuddin , P.B . ( born 2 September 1981 ) is a Malaysian footballer who plays for Malaysia Super League side Kuala Lumpur and also a player in the Malaysia national team . He is the all-time highest goalscorer of the Malaysia Super League . He is a versatile forward , who can operate as a striker or a winger .'}]}, {'value': 'Kelantan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelantan_FA', 'summary': "Kelantan Football Association , also known as The Red Warriors , is a professional association football club based in Kota Bharu , in the Malaysian state of Kelantan . The football team has played in the second tier of Malaysian football , Malaysia Premier League since 2019 . Founded in 1946 , they have a long-standing rivalry with Terengganu , the two east coast teams involved in what is known as the East Coast Derby . Their home is the 22,000-seat Sultan Muhammad IV Stadium . Kelantan 's regular kit colours are red shirt and shorts with a white pattern on the side . The team had their first major success in the 2012 season , when they have won treble which is Malaysia Super League championship , Malaysia FA Cup and Malaysia Cup . Domestically , Kelantan have won the Malaysia Super League Championship on 2 occasions , most recently in the 2012 season , 2 Malaysia Cup titles , 2 Malaysia FA Cup titles , 1 Charity Shield and 1 Malaysia Premier League title . 2012 was their debut playing in the AFC Cup . They played well in the group stage to gain first place . However , the team lost in the quarter final to Erbil SC ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ST', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forward_(association_football)', 'summary': "Forwards are the players on a football ( soccer ) team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4-2-3-1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none ."}]}, {'value': 'Mohd Haris Safwan Mohd Kamal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mohd_Haris_Safwan_Mohd_Kamal', 'summary': 'Haris Safwan Kamal ( born 8 June 1982 ) is a former Malaysian footballer who last plays as a forward for Hanelang . Haris Safwan is the former member of Malaysia U-23 team in 2003 until 2005 .'}]}, {'value': 'Kelantan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kelantan_FA', 'summary': "Kelantan Football Association , also known as The Red Warriors , is a professional association football club based in Kota Bharu , in the Malaysian state of Kelantan . The football team has played in the second tier of Malaysian football , Malaysia Premier League since 2019 . Founded in 1946 , they have a long-standing rivalry with Terengganu , the two east coast teams involved in what is known as the East Coast Derby . Their home is the 22,000-seat Sultan Muhammad IV Stadium . Kelantan 's regular kit colours are red shirt and shorts with a white pattern on the side . The team had their first major success in the 2012 season , when they have won treble which is Malaysia Super League championship , Malaysia FA Cup and Malaysia Cup . Domestically , Kelantan have won the Malaysia Super League Championship on 2 occasions , most recently in the 2012 season , 2 Malaysia Cup titles , 2 Malaysia FA Cup titles , 1 Charity Shield and 1 Malaysia Premier League title . 2012 was their debut playing in the AFC Cup . They played well in the group stage to gain first place . However , the team lost in the quarter final to Erbil SC ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'AMC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Zah Rahan Krangar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zah_Rahan_Krangar', 'summary': 'Zah Rahan Krangar ( born on March 7 , 1985 , in Monrovia ) is a Liberian footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Madura United in the Liga 1 . He is also a member of the Liberia national football team . Made his international debut on 3 September 2006 with a goal away to host Equatorial Guinea in his side 2-1 loss .'}]}, {'value': 'Persipura Jayapura', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Persipura_Jayapura', 'summary': 'Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Jayapura , or Persipura , is an Indonesian football club based in Jayapura , Papua . The club was founded in 1963 and currently competes in the Liga 1 . Persipura plays their home matches in Mandala Stadium . Persipura is one of the giants of modern football in Indonesia with various league and tournament titles . Persipura is also known as the producer of great footballers from the land of Papua such as Rully Nere , Jack Komboy , Eduard Ivakdalam , Boaz Solossa , Ian Louis Kabes and Imanuel Wanggai . They are known for playing style relying on the abilities of individual players .'}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Mohd Nasriq Baharom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mohd_Nasriq_Baharom', 'summary': 'Mohd Nasriq Bin Baharom ( born 8 February 1987 ) is a Malaysian footballer who plays as a defender for Malaysia Premier League side Perlis Northern Lions . Nasriq was a member of the Malaysia national team and a member of the 2009 Laos Sea Games Football Gold medal winning squad .'}]}, {'value': 'Selangor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Selangor_FA', 'summary': "Football Association of Selangor ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Selangor ) , commonly referred to as FA Selangor is a Malaysian professional football club based in the city of Shah Alam and competes in the Malaysia Super League , the top division of Malaysian football . Founded in 1936 as Football Association of Selangor ( FAS ) and the association start build its football development by forming the professional football team and known as FA Selangor . It currently plays their home games in the 80,372-capacity Shah Alam Stadium . Selangor is the most successful club in Malaysia , in terms of overall titles won . Domestically , Selangor have won a record 6 times Malaysia top division league champion which include 2 Super League titles that currently plays , 5 FA Cups champion , 33 Malaysia Cups champion and 8 Charity Cups titles . Beside that , Selangor also have won 2 times Premier League titles and between 1953 to 1973 , 7 FAM Cups titles where FAM Cup as a secondary knockout competition between teams only after Malaysia Cup . Selangor also the first club to qualified and enter the highest Asian continental tournament , Asian Club Championship and becoming the runner-up in 1967 , the first edition of the Asian top-flight continental club tournament , which is later branded as the AFC Champions League in 2002 . In a season of 1997 , 2005 and 2009 were the most successful years for Selangor . In 1997 season , the club won three trophies FA Cup , Malaysia Cup and Charity Cup and runner-up for the Agong 's Cup under the coach Steve Wicks . In 2005 season , the team won three trophies Premier League , FA Cup and Malaysia Cup under the coaching of Dollah Salleh while in 2009 season , the head coach , K. Devan leads the team winning three trophies Super League , FA Cup and Charity Cup . This is the first domestic doubles for the history of the club . Among those who are responsible for the success of Selangor are the presidents : Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj , Harun Idris , Mohd ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'AMR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Solehin Kanasian Abdullah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Solehin_Kanasian_Abdullah', 'summary': 'Solehin Kanasian Abdullah ( born 20 January 1983 ) also known as K.Soley is a Malaysian footballer who plays as a right midfielder for PBMS F.C . Previously , he had played for Kelantan FA for a season and also be the parts of the team be the champion of Malaysia Super League on season 2011 for the first time .'}]}, {'value': 'Selangor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Selangor_FA', 'summary': "Football Association of Selangor ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Selangor ) , commonly referred to as FA Selangor is a Malaysian professional football club based in the city of Shah Alam and competes in the Malaysia Super League , the top division of Malaysian football . Founded in 1936 as Football Association of Selangor ( FAS ) and the association start build its football development by forming the professional football team and known as FA Selangor . It currently plays their home games in the 80,372-capacity Shah Alam Stadium . Selangor is the most successful club in Malaysia , in terms of overall titles won . Domestically , Selangor have won a record 6 times Malaysia top division league champion which include 2 Super League titles that currently plays , 5 FA Cups champion , 33 Malaysia Cups champion and 8 Charity Cups titles . Beside that , Selangor also have won 2 times Premier League titles and between 1953 to 1973 , 7 FAM Cups titles where FAM Cup as a secondary knockout competition between teams only after Malaysia Cup . Selangor also the first club to qualified and enter the highest Asian continental tournament , Asian Club Championship and becoming the runner-up in 1967 , the first edition of the Asian top-flight continental club tournament , which is later branded as the AFC Champions League in 2002 . In a season of 1997 , 2005 and 2009 were the most successful years for Selangor . In 1997 season , the club won three trophies FA Cup , Malaysia Cup and Charity Cup and runner-up for the Agong 's Cup under the coach Steve Wicks . In 2005 season , the team won three trophies Premier League , FA Cup and Malaysia Cup under the coaching of Dollah Salleh while in 2009 season , the head coach , K. Devan leads the team winning three trophies Super League , FA Cup and Charity Cup . This is the first domestic doubles for the history of the club . Among those who are responsible for the success of Selangor are the presidents : Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj , Harun Idris , Mohd ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'D/ML', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Adib Aizuddin Abdul Latif', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adib_Aizuddin_Abdul_Latif', 'summary': 'Adib Aizuddin bin Ab Latif ( born 23 January 1986 ) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays for Terengganu as a left back .'}]}, {'value': 'Selangor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Selangor_FA', 'summary': "Football Association of Selangor ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Selangor ) , commonly referred to as FA Selangor is a Malaysian professional football club based in the city of Shah Alam and competes in the Malaysia Super League , the top division of Malaysian football . Founded in 1936 as Football Association of Selangor ( FAS ) and the association start build its football development by forming the professional football team and known as FA Selangor . It currently plays their home games in the 80,372-capacity Shah Alam Stadium . Selangor is the most successful club in Malaysia , in terms of overall titles won . Domestically , Selangor have won a record 6 times Malaysia top division league champion which include 2 Super League titles that currently plays , 5 FA Cups champion , 33 Malaysia Cups champion and 8 Charity Cups titles . Beside that , Selangor also have won 2 times Premier League titles and between 1953 to 1973 , 7 FAM Cups titles where FAM Cup as a secondary knockout competition between teams only after Malaysia Cup . Selangor also the first club to qualified and enter the highest Asian continental tournament , Asian Club Championship and becoming the runner-up in 1967 , the first edition of the Asian top-flight continental club tournament , which is later branded as the AFC Champions League in 2002 . In a season of 1997 , 2005 and 2009 were the most successful years for Selangor . In 1997 season , the club won three trophies FA Cup , Malaysia Cup and Charity Cup and runner-up for the Agong 's Cup under the coach Steve Wicks . In 2005 season , the team won three trophies Premier League , FA Cup and Malaysia Cup under the coaching of Dollah Salleh while in 2009 season , the head coach , K. Devan leads the team winning three trophies Super League , FA Cup and Charity Cup . This is the first domestic doubles for the history of the club . Among those who are responsible for the success of Selangor are the presidents : Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj , Harun Idris , Mohd ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Mohd Syahid Zaidon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mohd_Syahid_Zaidon', 'summary': 'Muhammad Syahid bin Zaidon ( born 12 August 1990 in Bentong , Pahang ) is a Malaysian footballer who plays for PDRM in Malaysia Premier League as a central midfielder . In 2014 , Syahid has agreed terms with Felda United after have been released from the Harimau Muda squad as he is overaged .'}]}, {'value': 'Harimau Muda A', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harimau_Muda_A', 'summary': "Harimau Muda A was the club name for the former Malaysia Under-22 National Football Team , representing Malaysia in international football competitions such as the AFC U-22 Asian Cup , Champions Youth Cup as well as other under-22 international football tournaments . It was managed by Football Association of Malaysia . The squad was the feeder team for Malaysia U-23 and senior national football team . In 2015 , Harimau Muda once again became a single team composed of former Harimau Muda A & B players . On 25 November 2015 , it was confirmed that the club was disbanded by FAM which meant that all the players were returned to their own state sides . Harimau Muda A last competed in Australia 's National Premier Leagues Queensland , having lastly participated in a domestic league competition is the 2012 S. League . The team was aimed at developing Malaysian youth players and does not recruit any foreign nationals in its squad . The name Harimau Muda means Young Tigers in English ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Head Coach', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Head_Coach', 'summary': 'A head coach , senior coach , or manager is a professional at training and developing athletes . They typically hold a more public profile and are paid more than other coaches . In some sports , the head coach is instead called the manager , as in association football and professional baseball . In other sports such as Australian rules football , the head coach is generally termed a senior coach . Other coaches are usually subordinate to the head coach , often in offensive positions or defensive positions , and occasionally proceeding down into individualized position coaches .'}]}, {'value': 'Irfan Bakti Abu Salim', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Irfan_Bakti_Abu_Salim', 'summary': 'Irfan Bakti Abu Salim is a Malaysian football coach . A former football player , he was in the Malaysia squad for the 1976 AFC Asian Cup in Tehran , Iran .'}]}, {'value': 'Selangor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Selangor_FA', 'summary': "Football Association of Selangor ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Selangor ) , commonly referred to as FA Selangor is a Malaysian professional football club based in the city of Shah Alam and competes in the Malaysia Super League , the top division of Malaysian football . Founded in 1936 as Football Association of Selangor ( FAS ) and the association start build its football development by forming the professional football team and known as FA Selangor . It currently plays their home games in the 80,372-capacity Shah Alam Stadium . Selangor is the most successful club in Malaysia , in terms of overall titles won . Domestically , Selangor have won a record 6 times Malaysia top division league champion which include 2 Super League titles that currently plays , 5 FA Cups champion , 33 Malaysia Cups champion and 8 Charity Cups titles . Beside that , Selangor also have won 2 times Premier League titles and between 1953 to 1973 , 7 FAM Cups titles where FAM Cup as a secondary knockout competition between teams only after Malaysia Cup . Selangor also the first club to qualified and enter the highest Asian continental tournament , Asian Club Championship and becoming the runner-up in 1967 , the first edition of the Asian top-flight continental club tournament , which is later branded as the AFC Champions League in 2002 . In a season of 1997 , 2005 and 2009 were the most successful years for Selangor . In 1997 season , the club won three trophies FA Cup , Malaysia Cup and Charity Cup and runner-up for the Agong 's Cup under the coach Steve Wicks . In 2005 season , the team won three trophies Premier League , FA Cup and Malaysia Cup under the coaching of Dollah Salleh while in 2009 season , the head coach , K. Devan leads the team winning three trophies Super League , FA Cup and Charity Cup . This is the first domestic doubles for the history of the club . Among those who are responsible for the success of Selangor are the presidents : Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj , Harun Idris , Mohd ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'AMRC/ST', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Shahurain Abu Samah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shahurain_Abu_Samah', 'summary': "Shahurain bin Abu Samah ( born 23 December 1986 in Kajang , Selangor ) is a Malaysian footballer who plays for PDRM as a midfielder . Shahurain began his early career with Selangor President 's Cup Team . He was part of the Negeri Sembilan squad that won the 2009 Malaysia Cup by scoring the first goal in a 3-1 win against Kelantan in the final . He also played for Malaysian national team ."}]}, {'value': 'Negeri Sembilan FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan_FA', 'summary': "Negeri Sembilan Football Association or simply known as Negeri Sembilan is a Malaysian professional football club based in Seremban , Negeri Sembilan that competes in the Malaysia Premier League . Founded in 1923 , the club 's home ground Tuanku Abdul Rahman Stadium . Negeri Sembilan won their first major honour in 1948 Malaysia Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Yaroslav Krushelnitskiy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yaroslav_Krushelnitskiy', 'summary': 'Yaroslav Krushelnitskiy ( Russian : Ярослав Крушельницкий ; born 16 March 1983 ) is an Uzbekistani international football defender who currently plays for Andijan .'}]}, {'value': 'FC Shurtan Guzar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Shurtan_Guzar', 'summary': "FC Shurtan Guzar ( Uzbek : Sho'rtan G'uzor professional futbol klubi or Шўртан Ғузор футбол клуби , Russian : Футбольный клуб Шуртан Гузар ) is an Uzbek football club based in Guzor , Uzbekistan ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Qhairul Anwar Roslani', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Qhairul_Anwar_Roslani', 'summary': 'Qhairul Anwar Roslani ( born 22 January 1987 in Seremban , Negeri Sembilan ) is a Malaysian footballer currently playing for PDRM FA in Malaysia Super League as a defender . He was a member of the Negeri Sembilan FA team that made the final of the 2010 Malaysia Cup , but lost to Kelantan FA .'}]}, {'value': 'Terengganu FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Terengganu_FA', 'summary': 'This club did not have much success in the 1970s with only a single appearance in the Malaysia Cup final , losing to Selangor 2-1 in a match played at the Merdeka Stadium . It was the same in the 1980s with another final appearance in 1982 , ironically also against Selangor . It was the same outcome with Selangor winning 1-0 after extra-time . [ citation needed ] When the Semi-Professional League was introduced in 1989 , Terengganu F.C . were in the second division based on their final position in the previous season . [ citation needed ] They recruited giant Dutch defender , Marlon Ricardo van der Sander and Singaporean duo , Ahmad Paijan and Norhalis Shafik to boost their squad and finished the season in a credible fourth place but ultimately failed to win promotion . [ citation needed ] In the 1990 season , they went all the way to emerge as the second division champion under the guidance of head coach , Abdullah Mohamad with German striker , Frank Pastor finding the back of the net on regular basis aided by midfield duo Martin Buisse and Ahmad Paijan . They lost only once in the league all season to finish three points clear of East Coast rival , Kelantan FA . [ citation needed ] In the 1992 season , Terengganu F.C . recorded their highest ever finish in the league when they finished as runner-up to Pahang FA . The Elephants broke The Turtles hearts again in the semi finals of the Malaysia Cup competition after the both sides failed to score in 180 minutes of play , the match went into sudden-death extra-time . Zulhamizan Zakaria found the net for Pahang FA and Terengganu F.C .'}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DRL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Hasni Zaidi Jamian', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Johor FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johor_FA', 'summary': "Johor Darul Ta'zim Football Club II ( /jəˈhɔːr/ ; Malay : Kelab Bolasepak Johor Darul Ta'zim II ) or simply JDT II is a Malaysian football club based in Johor Bahru , Johor . The club currently plays in the Malaysia Premier League , the second division professional football league in Malaysia . Johor Darul Ta'zim II is a reserve team for Johor Darul Ta'zim ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DL', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defender_(association_football)', 'summary': 'In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations .'}]}, {'value': 'Mohd Aizul Ridzwan Razali', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'T-Team F.C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/T-Team_F.C.', 'summary': "The club was founded on 14 July 2006 as T-Team . The club was formed after Football Association of Kuala Terengganu District decided to send a football team to compete in Malaysian League as T-Team . They competed in 2008 Malaysia FAM League and achieved promotion to Malaysia Premier League for 2009 season . The club was then also promoted to Malaysia Super League after just one season in second division and then competed in 2010 Malaysia Super League . The club was further rebranded as T-Team Titans to gather local support . The team quickly gained popularity among the local football fans as everyone 's favourite underdog . As the team kept surpassing the pundits ' and supporters ' expectations season after season they also showed that they were more than capable of competing and beating Malaysia 's heavyweights ( JDT , Pahang and Kedah ) even with their tight budget and often young squad ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'D/MC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Mohd Khairul Ismail', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Johor FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johor_FA', 'summary': "Johor Darul Ta'zim Football Club II ( /jəˈhɔːr/ ; Malay : Kelab Bolasepak Johor Darul Ta'zim II ) or simply JDT II is a Malaysian football club based in Johor Bahru , Johor . The club currently plays in the Malaysia Premier League , the second division professional football league in Malaysia . Johor Darul Ta'zim II is a reserve team for Johor Darul Ta'zim ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Shahrulnizam Mustapa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shahrulnizam_Mustapa', 'summary': 'Shahrulnizam Mustapa ( born 2 April 1981 in Ipoh , Perak ) , also known as Arul , is a retired Malaysian footballer who last played for Felcra . He formerly played for Malaysia national team .'}]}, {'value': 'Perak FA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Perak_FA', 'summary': "Perak has sent a football team to play in Malaya Cup since its inaugural season in 1921 . They were also one of the founding members of the Malayan Football Association ( the predecessor to the modern Football Association of Malaysia ) in 1926 . However , the team was not officially registered until 18 April 1951 , when the newly formed governing body of Perak football , the Perak Amateur Football Association ( PAFA ) , took over its management . . Perak is the third most successful club in Malaysia Cup history , having won the competition a total of 8 times , with the last of those coming in 2018 . It also won the inaugural FA Cup in 1990 , a feat it repeated in 2004 . Since Malaysian football league competition was introduced in 1982 , the team has emerged league winners twice ( in 2002 and 2003 ) and is the only team to have never been demoted to a lower division . Perak has yet to win the Super League since its foundation in 2004 , with its best showing coming in the 06-07 and 2018 seasons where they finished runners-up . It made its continental competition debut as a professional team at the 2008 AFC Cup , making it to the Quarter-Final stage before being eliminated by Safa . In February 2016 , the club rebranded as Perak The Bos Gaurus , or Perak TBG , as part of its privatisation plan to play in Malaysia Super League . Perak subsequently acquired its club license in 2017 , in accordance with FMLLP 's requirement for all M-League clubs to acquire their licenses by the start of the 2018 season . In 2019 , Perak acquired the AFC Club License , enabling it to participate in the AFC Champions League ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'AML/ST', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)', 'summary': "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ."}]}, {'value': 'Ahmad Syamim Yahya', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'T-Team FC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/T-Team_FC', 'summary': "The club was founded on 14 July 2006 as T-Team . The club was formed after Football Association of Kuala Terengganu District decided to send a football team to compete in Malaysian League as T-Team . They competed in 2008 Malaysia FAM League and achieved promotion to Malaysia Premier League for 2009 season . The club was then also promoted to Malaysia Super League after just one season in second division and then competed in 2010 Malaysia Super League . The club was further rebranded as T-Team Titans to gather local support . The team quickly gained popularity among the local football fans as everyone 's favourite underdog . As the team kept surpassing the pundits ' and supporters ' expectations season after season they also showed that they were more than capable of competing and beating Malaysia 's heavyweights ( JDT , Pahang and Kedah ) even with their tight budget and often young squad ."}]}, {'value': 'align=right| 0', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Felda United FC -- Transfers in', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Malaysian_football_transfers_2014_24', 'intro': 'The following is a list of transfers for the 2014 Malaysian football.'}
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Which club did the player born on 24 September 1979 in Malacca move from ?
ATM
04afb9b6d760138b
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Olympic_venues_in_diving', 'title': 'List of Olympic venues in diving', 'header': ['Games', 'Venue', 'Other sports hosted at venue for those games', 'Capacity'], 'data': [{'value': '1904 St. Louis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1904_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1904 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the III Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in St. Louis , Missouri , United States from August 29 until September 3 , 1904 , as part of an extended sports program lasting from July 1 to November 23 , 1904 , located at what is now known as Francis Field on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis . It was the first time that the Olympic Games were held outside Europe . Boxing , the oldest combat sport , was introduced . Tensions caused by the Russo-Japanese War and the difficulty of getting to St. Louis in 1904 may have contributed to the fact that very few top ranked athletes from outside the US and Canada took part in these Games . Only 62 of the 651 athletes who competed came from outside North America , and only 12-15 nations were represented in all . Some events combined the U.S. national championship with the Olympic championship . The current three-medal ( gold , silver , and bronze for first , second , and third places ) format was introduced at the 1904 Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Forest Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Forest_Park_(St._Louis,_Missouri)', 'summary': "Forest Park is a public park in western St. Louis , Missouri . It is a prominent civic center and covers 1,326 acres ( 5.37 km2 ) . Opened in 1876 , more than a decade after its proposal , the park has hosted several significant events , including the Louisiana Purchase Exposition of 1904 and the 1904 Summer Olympics . Bounded by Washington University in St. Louis , Skinker Boulevard , Lindell Boulevard , Kingshighway Boulevard , and Oakland Avenue , it is known as the Heart of St. Louis and features a variety of attractions , including the St. Louis Zoo , the Saint Louis Art Museum , the Missouri History Museum , and the St. Louis Science Center . Since the early 2000s , it has carried out a $ 100 million restoration through a public-private partnership aided by its Master Plan . Changes have extended to improving landscaping and habitat as well . The park 's acreage includes meadows and trees and a variety of ponds , manmade lakes , and freshwater streams . For several years , the park has been restoring prairie and wetlands areas of the park . It has reduced flooding and attracted a much greater variety of birds and wildlife , which have settled in the new natural habitats ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming , Water Polo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1904 Summer Olympics , nine swimming events were contested , all for men . The 1904 swimming competition was the only time in Olympic history that racing distances were measured in yards . The competition was held September 4-6 , 1904 . There was a total of 32 participants from 4 countries competing . The short sprint , at 50 yards ( 46 m ) , made its first Olympic appearance in 1904 . The 100 returned after not being contested in 1900 . The 1000 metres and 4000 metres were replaced with the much shorter 440 yards ( 400 m ) and 1-mile ( 1,600 m ) events , making the 200 the only freestyle event to be held for the second time in a row . The 200 metre backstroke was shortened to 100 yards ( 91 m ) and the team swimming event was replaced with a 4×50 yard freestyle relay . The obstacle course and underwater swimming events were eliminated , while breaststroke made its Olympic debut .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1904_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "At the 1904 Summer Olympics , a water polo tournament was contested . Only American contestants participated ; three teams of 7 players each entered . Water polo is mentioned in the games reports for the 1904 Summer Olympics , but currently water polo event is not included in the IOC 's medal database for 1904 Olympics , and currently IOC consider water polo event as part of unofficial programme in 1904 . The event took place in a pond in Forest Park , the location of both the Olympics and the World 's Fair ."}]}, {'value': 'Not listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1908 London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1908 Summer Olympics , officially the Games of the IV Olympiad , were an international multi-sport event which was held in 1908 in London , United Kingdom from 27 April to 31 October 1908 . These games were originally scheduled to be held in Rome , but relocation on financial grounds followed a disastrous eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 1906 . They were the fourth chronological modern Summer Olympics in keeping with the now-accepted four-year cycle as opposed to the alternate four-year cycle of the proposed Intercalated Games . The IOC president for these Games was Baron Pierre de Coubertin . Lasting a total of 187 days , or 6 months and 4 days , these games were the longest in modern Olympics history ; nowadays , the Games ordinarily last 17 days since 1988 .'}]}, {'value': 'White City Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/White_City_Stadium', 'summary': 'The White City Stadium was a stadium located in White City , London , England . Built for the 1908 Summer Olympics , it hosted the finish of the first modern marathon and other sports like swimming , speedway , boxing , show jumping , athletics , stock car racing , concerts and a match at the 1966 World Cup . From 1927 it was a venue for greyhound racing , hosting the English Greyhound Derby until its closure in 1984 . The stadium was demolished in 1985 and the site is now occupied by BBC White City .'}]}, {'value': 'Archery , Athletics , Cycling ( track ) , Field hockey , Football , Gymnastics , Lacrosse , Rugby union , Swimming , Tug of war , Water polo ( final ) , Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Archery_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics , three archery events were contested . Great Britain sent 41 archers ( 25 female and 16 male ) , France sent 15 men , and the United States sent one man .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics held in London , England , 26 athletics events were contested , all for men only . A total of 79 medals ( 27 gold , 27 silver , 25 bronze ) were awarded . Each nation was allowed to enter up to 12 competitors in most of the events . In the team races ( the medley relay and the 3 mile team race ) , each nation entered one team . The medley relay was run by four athletes , with four alternates allowed . In the 3 mile team race , five athletes from each nation ran with only three counting . The competition was restricted to amateurs , and was held under the rules of the British Amateur Athletic Association .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "At the 1908 Summer Olympics , seven track cycling events were contested , all for men only . The weather was poor , with rainfall causing the track to flood on occasion . The track was 660 yards long ( being built around the perimeter of the White City Stadium 's athletics track ) ; some events ( the 660 yards and the team pursuit ) used full laps of the track ; the others used metric distances ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics , a field hockey tournament was contested for the first time . Six teams entered the tournament : England , Ireland , Scotland , Wales , Germany and France . England won the gold medal , Ireland the silver and Scotland and Wales were awarded bronze medals . All the medals were subsequently credited to Great Britain .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Football_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "At the 1908 Summer Olympics in London , Great Britain , an official football tournament between national representative selections was contested for the first time : football at the two previous games had been played between club teams . Eight teams entered ( including two from France , the main team and a B side ) , although Hungary and Bohemia withdrew before the start . Denmark 's Sophus Krølben Nielsen set a record by scoring 10 goals in a 17-1 win against France . Great Britain won the gold . Among those representing the Danish team was the famous mathematician Harald Bohr ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics , two gymnastics events were contested . No nation was successful in winning more than one medal .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lacrosse_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'A field lacrosse game was played between Canada and Great Britain at the 1908 Summer Olympics . The game marked the second appearance of lacrosse at the Olympics , the first being at the 1904 Summer Olympics . Only two teams competed - one fewer than in 1904 . South Africa was slated to send a team but then withdrew prior to the tournament . Both teams held try-outs to select the players to represent their country . The game was tied 9-9 in the fourth period , before Canada scored 5 straight goals to pull ahead . Canada won 14-10 to earn their second of two gold medals , the only lacrosse gold medals given out in the Olympic Games .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rugby_union_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Rugby union at the 1908 Summer Olympics . The event was summarised under the Football heading along with association football . The host Great Britain was represented by Cornwall , the 1908 county champion . Defending Olympic champions France withdrew , leaving Australasia , ( represented in rugby by the Australia national team exclusively ) as the only other remaining entrant .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "At the 1908 Summer Olympics in London , six swimming events were contested . These were the first Olympic Games in which a 100-metre pool had been especially constructed ( inside the main stadium 's track and field oval ) . Previous Olympic events were swum in open water ( 1896 : The Mediterranean Sea , 1900 : The Seine River , 1904 : an artificial lake ) . Only men participated in the swimming events . The competitions were held from Monday , July 13 , 1908 , to Saturday , July 25 , 1908 . All six of the 1908 events became staples of the Olympic swimming programme , and have been contested at every edition of the Games since . The 50 m , 200 m , and 800 m freestyle events were dropped from the previous edition ( though the 50 m and 200 m would later return ) , the relay was lengthened from 4×50 yards to 4×200 m , and the 400 m breaststroke was shortened to 200 metres . Canada and Finland made their first appearances in swimming , while Austria , Hungary , and the United States continued their streaks of appearing each time . Fourteen nations competed in all , with 100 swimmers entering the events ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tug_of_war_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics , a tug of war tournament was contested .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics , a water polo tournament was contested .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1908 Summer Olympics in London , nine wrestling events were contested , all for men . There were four weight classes in Greco-Roman wrestling and five weight classes in freestyle wrestling . Greco-Roman reappeared for the first time since the 1896 Summer Olympics , with weight classes for the first time . The number of classes in freestyle was reduced from 7 to 5 , with the light fly , fly , and welterweight classes dropped but the middleweight added . The addition of the 4 Greco-Roman classes brought the total number of events in wrestling up to 9 .'}]}, {'value': '97,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1912 Stockholm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1912_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1912 Summer Olympics ( Swedish : Olympiska sommarspelen 1912 ) , officially known as the Games of the V Olympiad , were an international multi-sport event held in Stockholm , Sweden , between 5 May and 22 July 1912 . Twenty-eight nations and 2,408 competitors , including 48 women , competed in 102 events in 14 sports . With the exception of tennis ( starting on 5 May ) and football and shooting ( both starting on 29 June ) , the games were held within a month with an official opening on 6 July . It was the last Olympics to issue solid gold medals and , with Japan 's debut , the first time an Asian nation participated . Stockholm was the only bid for the games , and was selected in 1909 . The games were the first to have art competitions , women 's diving , women 's swimming , and the first to feature both the decathlon and the new pentathlon , both won by Jim Thorpe . Electric timing was introduced in athletics , while the host country disallowed boxing . Figure skating was rejected by the organizers because they wanted to promote the Nordic Games . United States won the most gold medals ( 25 ) , while Sweden won the most medals overall ( 65 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Djurgårdsbrunnsviken', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Djurgårdsbrunnsviken', 'summary': 'Djurgårdsbrunnsviken is a bay in central Stockholm , Sweden , together with the canal Djurgårdsbrunnskanalen forming the northern shore line of the island Djurgården ( or more correctly between Northern and Southern Djurgården ) . The bridge Djurgårdsbron stretches over the bay .'}]}, {'value': 'Modern pentathlon ( swimming ) , Rowing , Swimming , Water polo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Modern_pentathlon_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Modern pentathlon was first contested at the Olympic Games at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm . The sport was invented by Baron Pierre de Coubertin , the founder of the modern Olympic Games .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rowing_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Rowing at the 1912 Summer Olympics featured four events , for men only . All races were held in Djurgårdsbrunnsviken from Thursday to Saturday , 17 to 19 July .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "At the 1912 Summer Olympics , nine swimming events were contested . Swimming events were held in a 100 m course built in Stockholm harbor . For the first time , women 's events were part of the Olympic swimming program . The competitions were held from Saturday July 6 , 1912 , to Friday July 12 , 1912 . There was a total of 120 participants from 17 countries competing ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm saw the fourth water polo tournament at Olympics . All games took place in the newly built swimming stadium in Djurgårdsbrunnsviken from 7 to 16 July 1912 . All medals were decided by using the Bergvall system .'}]}, {'value': 'Not listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1920 Antwerp', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1920_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1920 Summer Olympics ( French : Les Jeux olympiques d'été de 1920 ; Dutch : Olympische Zomerspelen van de VIIe Olympiade ; German : Olympische Sommerspiele 1920 ) , officially known as the Games of the VII Olympiad , were an international multi-sport event in 1920 in Antwerp , Belgium . In March 1912 , during the 13th session of the IOC , Belgium 's bid to host the 1920 Summer Olympics was made by Baron Édouard de Laveleye , president of the Belgian Olympic Committee and of the Royal Belgian Football Association . No fixed host city was proposed at the time . The 1916 Summer Olympics , to be held in Berlin , capital of the German Empire , were cancelled due to World War I . The aftermath of the war and the Paris Peace Conference , 1919 affected the Olympic Games not only due to new states being created , but also by sanctions against the nations that lost the war and were blamed for starting it . Hungary , Germany , Austria , Bulgaria , and the Ottoman Empire were banned from competing in the Games . Germany did not return to Olympic competition until 1928 and instead hosted a series of games called Deutsche Kampfspiele , starting with the Winter edition of 1922 ( which predated the first Winter Olympics ) . The United States won the most gold and overall medals . The sailing events were held in Ostend , Belgium , and two in Amsterdam , Netherlands ."}]}, {'value': "Stade Nautique d'Antwerp", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Stade_Nautique_d'Antwerp", 'summary': "Stade Nautique d'Antwerp was an aquatics venue located in Antwerp , Belgium . For the 1920 Summer Olympics , it hosted the diving , swimming , and water polo . This was the first structure devoted to the aquatics events for the Summer Olympics . During the swimming events , the water was described as cold and very dark , so much so that the swimmers had to be warmed up after every event . Diving events were held in the middle of the pool , with the divers themselves describing the water as cold and dark ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming , Water polo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1920_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "At the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp , ten swimming events were contested . The women 's 300 metre freestyle event was new since the previous Games in 1912 . The competitions were held from Sunday August 22 , 1920 , to Sunday August 29 , 1920 . There was a total of 116 participants from 19 countries competing ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1920_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Final results for the water polo tournament at the 1920 Summer Olympics . All medals were decided by using the Bergvall system .'}]}, {'value': 'Not listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1924 Paris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1924 Summer Olympics ( French : Les Jeux olympiques d'été de 1924 ) , officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad , were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris , France . It was the second time Paris hosted the games , after 1900 . The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids , and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam , Barcelona , Los Angeles , Prague , and Rome . The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921 . The cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000₣ . With total receipts at 5,496,610₣ , the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time . The United States won the most gold and overall medals , having 229 athletes competing compared to France 's 401 ."}]}, {'value': 'Piscine des Tourelles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Piscine_des_Tourelles', 'summary': 'The Piscine des Tourelles , sometimes listed as Le stade nautique des Tourelles , is an aquatics venue that was used to host the diving , swimming , water polo , and the swimming portion of the modern pentathlon events for the 1924 Summer Olympics . Located in the 20th arrondissement of Paris , it hosted eleven swimming , diving , and one water polo during those games . Attendance at the games totaled 51,000 for all eight event days . In 1989 , it underwent extensive renovation , and reopened as the Piscine Georges Vallerey , although it is still widely known by its old name . The renovated pool is 50 meters in length but can be divided into two unequal parts by an underwater partition . A retractable roof was also installed as part of the renovation , allowing sunbathing when the weather is fine .'}]}, {'value': 'Modern pentathlon ( swimming ) , Swimming , Water polo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Modern_pentathlon_at_the_1924_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris , a single modern pentathlon event was contested . It was the third appearance of the sport ; for the third straight time , Sweden swept the medals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1924_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris , eleven swimming events were contested , six for men and five for women . The competitions were held from Sunday July 13 , 1924 , to Sunday July 20 , 1924 . There were 169 participants from 23 countries competing . The United States team , coached by Bill Bachrach , won 19 of the 33 medals , and 9 of the 11 gold medals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1924_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Final results for the water polo tournament at the 1924 Summer Olympics . All medals were decided by using the Bergvall system .'}]}, {'value': '8,023', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1928 Amsterdam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1928_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1928 Summer Olympics ( Dutch : Olympische Zomerspelen 1928 ) , officially known as the Games of the IX Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event that was celebrated from 28 July to 12 August 1928 in Amsterdam , Netherlands . The city of Amsterdam had previously bid for the 1920 and 1924 Olympic Games , but was obliged to give way to war-torn Antwerp in Belgium for the 1920 Games and Pierre de Coubertin 's Paris for the 1924 Games . The United States won the most gold and overall medals . The only other candidate city for the 1928 Olympics was Los Angeles , which would eventually be selected to host the Olympics four years later . In preparation for the 1932 Summer Olympics , the United States Olympic Committee reviewed the costs and revenue of the 1928 Games . The committee reported a total cost of US $ 1.183 million with receipts of US $ 1.165 million , giving a negligible loss of US $ 18,000 , which was a considerable improvement over the 1924 Games ."}]}, {'value': 'Olympic Sports Park Swim Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olympic_Sports_Park_Swim_Stadium', 'summary': "The Olympic Sports Park Swim Stadium was a venue used for the diving , swimming , water polo , and the swimming portion of the modern pentathlon events for the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam . The swimming basin was made of reinforced concrete that was 50 m long by 18 m wide with the deepest part near the diving area at 5 m. Stands were erected at both sides with one of them at most accommodating 6000 spectators . There were 20 men 's and 16 women 's dressing rooms . A temporary structure , it was demolished following the Olympics in 1929 ."}]}, {'value': 'Modern pentathlon ( swimming ) , Swimming , Water polo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Modern_pentathlon_at_the_1928_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam , a single modern pentathlon event was contested .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1928_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam , eleven swimming events were contested , six for men and five for women . The competitions were held from Saturday August 4 , 1928 , to Saturday August 11 , 1928 . There were 182 participants from 28 countries competing .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1928_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Final results for the water polo tournament at the 1928 Summer Olympics :'}]}, {'value': '4,440', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1932 Los Angeles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1932_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1932 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the X Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event that was held from July 30 to August 14 , 1932 , in Los Angeles , California , United States . The Games were held during the worldwide Great Depression and some nations were unable to pay for the trip to Los Angeles ; 37 nations competed compared to 46 in the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam . Even U.S. President Herbert Hoover did not attend the Games . The organizing committee did not report the financial details of the Games , although contemporary newspapers claimed that the Games had made a profit of US $ 1,000,000 .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LA84_Foundation/John_C._Argue_Swim_Stadium', 'summary': "The LA84 Foundation/John C. Argue Swim Stadium , called originally the Los Angeles Swimming Stadium is an aquatics center that was originally constructed for the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles , California . Located near the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum , the venue hosted the diving , swimming , water polo , and the swimming part of the modern pentathlon events . The park seated 10,000 that included 5,000 wooden bleacher seats for the 1932 Games that were removed afterwards . The swimming pool itself measured 165 ft ( 50 m ) long by 64 ft ( 20 m ) wide . A children 's pool is adjacent to the main pool that is still in use . Main grandstands at their top point was 15 ft ( 4.6 m ) high spread over a length of 256 ft ( 78 m ) and a width of 98 ft ( 30 m ) . The venue was renovated in 2002-03 . It was later renamed in honor of the LA84 Foundation and for John C. Argue ( 1931 or 1932 - 2002 ) , a Los Angeles-based lawyer who served as a key board member player for bringing the Summer Olympics back to LA 52 years later . Argue also served as chair of the board of trustees for the University of Southern California from 2000 until his death in 2002 , and was part of the unsuccessful effort to bring the 2016 Summer Olympics to LA ."}]}, {'value': 'Modern pentathlon ( swimming ) , Swimming , Water polo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Modern_pentathlon_at_the_1932_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles , a modern pentathlon event was contested .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1932_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles , eleven swimming events were contested , six for men and five for women . The competitions were held from Saturday August 6 , 1932 to Saturday August 13 , 1932 . There was a total of 128 participants from 20 countries competing .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1932_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Final results for the water polo tournament at the 1932 Summer Olympics :'}]}, {'value': '10000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1936 Berlin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1936_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1936 Summer Olympics ( German : Olympische Sommerspiele 1936 ) , officially known as the Games of the XI Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in 1936 in Berlin , Nazi Germany . Berlin won the bid to host the Games over Barcelona , Spain , on 26 April 1931 , at the 29th IOC Session in Barcelona . It marked the second and final time the International Olympic Committee gathered to vote in a city that was bidding to host those Games . To outdo the Los Angeles games of 1932 , Reich Chancellor Adolf Hitler had a new 100,000-seat track and field stadium built , as well as six gymnasiums and many other smaller arenas . The games were the first to be televised , and radio broadcasts reached 41 countries . Filmmaker Leni Riefenstahl was commissioned by the German Olympic Committee to film the Games for $ 7 million . Her film , titled Olympia , pioneered many of the techniques now common in the filming of sports . Hitler saw the Games as an opportunity to promote his government and ideals of racial supremacy and antisemitism , and the official Nazi party paper , the Völkischer Beobachter , wrote in the strongest terms that Jews should not be allowed to participate in the Games . German Jewish athletes were barred or prevented from taking part by a variety of methods , although some women swimmers from the Jewish sports club , Hakoah Vienna , did take part . Jewish athletes from other countries seem to have been side-lined in order not to offend the Nazi regime . Total ticket revenues were 7.5 million Reichsmark , generating a profit of over one million ℛℳ . The official budget did not include outlays by the city of Berlin ( which issued an itemized report detailing its costs of 16.5 million ℛℳ ) or outlays of the German national government ( which did not make its costs public , but is estimated to have spent US $ 30 million ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Olympic Swimming Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olympiapark_Schwimmstadion_Berlin', 'summary': "Olympiapark Schwimmstadion Berlin ( German : Berlin Olympic Swim Stadium ) is an aquatics venue located at Olympiapark Berlin in Berlin , Germany constructed for the 1936 Summer Olympics . Located north of the Olympic Stadium it hosted the diving , swimming , water polo , and the swimming part of the modern pentathlon events . A total of 140,231 attended during all competitions . It hosted the World Aquatics Championships in 1978 as well and was a venue of European Maccabi Games 2015 . The stadium 's ground level was constructed 13 ft ( 4.0 m ) lower than the top part of the Olympic Stadium . Its swimming pool was 50 m long by 20 m wide , separated into eight lanes . Men 's dressing rooms were located under the east stands while women 's dressing rooms were located under the west stands . From the swimming pool 's north end to the south end , the pool depth increases from 2 m to 2.30 m. The stadium is constructed of natural limestone . It is still in use ( as of July 2016 ) . The state certified technician Gregor Röß was responsible for the planning and conception , but also the manufacturing processes of the stainless steel pool ."}]}, {'value': 'Modern pentathlon ( swimming ) , Swimming , Water polo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Modern_pentathlon_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin , a single modern pentathlon event was contested .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin , eleven swimming events were contested , six for men and five for women . The competitions were held from Saturday August 8 , 1936 to Saturday August 15 , 1936 . There was a total of 248 participants from 29 countries competing .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Final results for the water polo tournament at the 1936 Summer Olympics :'}]}, {'value': '20,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1948 London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1948 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XIV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event which was held in London , United Kingdom from 29 July to 14 August 1948 . After a twelve-year hiatus caused by the outbreak of World War II ; these were the first Summer Olympics held since the 1936 Games in Berlin . The 1940 Olympic Games had been scheduled for Tokyo , and then for Helsinki ; the 1944 Olympic Games had been provisionally planned for London . This was the second occasion that London had hosted the Olympic Games , having previously hosted them in 1908 , forty years earlier . The Olympics would again return to London 64 years later in 2012 , making London the first city to have hosted the games three times , and the only such city until Paris and Los Angeles host their third games in 2024 and 2028 , respectively . The 1948 Olympic Games were the first of two summer Olympic Games held under the IOC presidency of Sigfrid Edström . The event came to be known as the Austerity Games , because of the difficult economic climate and rationing imposed in the aftermath of World War II . No new venues were built for the games ( with events taking place mainly at Empire Stadium and the Empire Pool at Wembley Park ) , and athletes were housed in existing accommodation at the Wembley area instead of an Olympic Village , as were the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games and the subsequent 1952 Games in Helsinki . A record 59 nations were represented by 4,104 athletes , 3,714 men and 390 women , in 19 sport disciplines . Germany and Japan were not invited to participate in the games ; the Soviet Union was invited but chose not to send any athletes , sending observers instead to prepare for the 1952 Olympics . One of the star performers at the Games was Dutch sprinter Fanny Blankers-Koen . Dubbed The Flying Housewife , the thirty-year-old mother of two won four gold medals in athletics .'}]}, {'value': 'Empire Pool', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wembley_Arena', 'summary': "Wembley Arena /ˈwɛmbli/ ( originally the Empire Pool and , since 1 July 2014 , currently known as The SSE Arena , Wembley for sponsorship reasons ) is an indoor arena adjacent to Wembley Stadium in Wembley , London . Used for music , comedy , family entertainment and sport , the 12,500-seat facility is London 's second-largest indoor arena after The O2 Arena , and the ninth-largest ( as of August 2019 ) in the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'Boxing , Swimming , Water polo ( final )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Final results for the Boxing competition at the 1948 Summer Olympics .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1948 Summer Olympics in London , 11 swimming events were contested , six for men and five for women . All swimming events took place at the Empire Pool . There was a total of 249 participants from 34 countries competing .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Final results for the water polo tournament at the 1948 Summer Olympics played at Finchley Lido .'}]}, {'value': '12,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1952 Helsinki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1952_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1952 Summer Olympics ( Finnish : Kesäolympialaiset 1952 ; Swedish : Olympiska sommarspelen 1952 ) , officially known as the Games of the XV Olympiad , were an international multi-sport event held in Helsinki , Finland , from July 19 to August 3 , 1952 . Helsinki had been earlier selected to host the 1940 Summer Olympics , which were cancelled due to World War II . It is the northernmost city at which a summer Olympic Games have been held . These were the first games to be held in a non-Indo-European language speaking country . It was also the Olympic Games at which the most number of world records were broken until it was surpassed by the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing . The Soviet Union , the People 's Republic of China , Hong Kong , Indonesia , Israel , Thailand , and Saarland made their Olympic debuts in Helsinki 1952 . The United States won the most gold and overall medals ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Helsinki_Swimming_Stadium', 'summary': 'Helsinki Swimming Stadium is an outdoor swimming venue in Helsinki , Finland , located in the Eläintarha area to the northeast of the Helsinki Olympic Stadium .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming , Water polo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki , a total number of eleven swimming events were contested , six for men and five for women . The events were held at the Swimming Stadium . There was a total of 319 participants from 48 countries competing .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Final results for the water polo tournament at the 1952 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': '12,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1956 Melbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1956_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1956 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XVI Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event that was held in Melbourne , Victoria , Australia from 22 November to 8 December 1956 , with the exception of the equestrian events , which were held in Stockholm , Sweden in June 1956 . These Games were the first to be staged in the Southern Hemisphere and Oceania , as well as the first to be held outside Europe and North America . Melbourne is the most southerly city ever to host the Olympics . Due to the Southern Hemisphere 's seasons being different from those in the Northern Hemisphere , the 1956 Games did not take place at the usual time of year , because of the need to hold the events during the warmer weather of the host 's spring/summer ( which corresponds to the Northern Hemisphere 's autumn/winter ) . The Olympic equestrian events could not be held in Melbourne due to Australia 's strict quarantine regulations , so they were held in Stockholm five months earlier . This was the second time that the Olympics were not held entirely in one country , the first being the 1920 Summer Olympics , which were held in Antwerp , Belgium , with some events taking place in Ostend , Belgium and Amsterdam , Netherlands . Despite uncertainties and various complications encountered during the preparations , the 1956 Games went ahead in Melbourne as planned and turned out to be a success . The enduring tradition of national teams parading as one during the closing ceremony was started at these Olympics . Several teams boycotted the Games in protest of the IOC 's rejection to suspend the USSR after their invasion of Hungary . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming/Diving Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne_Sports_and_Entertainment_Center', 'summary': "The Holden Centre ( originally known as the Swimming and Diving Stadium and formerly known as the Olympic Swimming Stadium , Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Centre , Holden Centre , is a sports administration and training facility located in the Melbourne Sports and Entertainment Precinct in Melbourne , Australia . The facility opened in 1956 as an aquatic centre for the 1956 Olympic Games . In 1983 , the Olympic-sized pool was replaced with a parquetry floor and the facility became Melbourne 's home to numerous basketball events until 1998 , most notably as the home venue for several National Basketball League teams including the North Melbourne Giants and Melbourne Tigers . The venue served as Melbourne 's primary indoor concert arena from 1984 to 1988 , until the completion of the Rod Laver Arena . The centre is the administrative headquarters of the Collingwood Football and Netball Club , who also train on the adjacent Olympic Park Oval ."}]}, {'value': 'Modern pentathlon ( swimming ) , Swimming , Water polo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Modern_pentathlon_at_the_1956_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne , two events in modern pentathlon were contested .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1956_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne , 13 swimming events were contested , seven for men and six for women . There was a total of 235 participants from 33 countries competing . For the first time , the butterfly stroke was contested as a separate event . Australia dominated the medal standings with a total of 8 out of a possible 13 gold medals , eventually finishing with 14 medals overall .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1956_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Ten nations competed in water polo at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne .'}]}, {'value': '6,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1960 Rome', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1960_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1960 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XVII Olympiad ( Italian : Giochi della XVII Olimpiade ) , was an international multi-sport event that was held from August 25 to September 11 , 1960 , in Rome , Italy . The city of Rome had previously been awarded the administration of the 1908 Summer Olympics , but following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 1906 , Rome had no choice but to decline and pass the honour to London . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals .'}]}, {'value': 'Stadio Olimpico del Nuoto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stadio_Olimpico_del_Nuoto', 'summary': 'The Stadio Olimpico del Nuoto ( Olympic Swimming Stadium ) is an aquatics centre at the Foro Italico in Rome , Italy . Inaugurated in 1959 , it was designed by the architects Enrico Del Debbio and Aniballe Vitellozzi to host the swimming , diving , water polo , and swimming portion of the modern pentathlon events for the 1960 Summer Olympics . The venue was refurbished to host the 1983 European Aquatics Championships , and reconfigured and expanded for the 1994 World Aquatics Championships . The stadium was the main venue of the World Championships again in 2009 .'}]}, {'value': 'Modern pentathlon ( swimming ) , Swimming , Water polo ( final )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Modern_pentathlon_at_the_1960_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome , two events in modern pentathlon were contested .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1960_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome , 15 swimming events were contested , eight for men and seven for women . There was a total of 380 participants from 45 countries competing . For the first time , the 4×100 metres medley relay was contested . The United States topped the medal standings with a total of 15 medals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1960_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Final results for the water polo tournament at the 1960 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': '20,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1964 Tokyo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1964 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XVIII Olympiad ( Japanese : 第十八回オリンピック競技大会 , Hepburn : Dai Jūhachi-kai Orinpikku Kyōgi Taikai ) , was an international multi-sport event held in Tokyo , Japan , from 10 to 24 October 1964 . Tokyo had been awarded the organization of the 1940 Summer Olympics , but this honour was subsequently passed to Helsinki because of Japan 's invasion of China , before ultimately being cancelled because of World War II . The 1964 Summer Games were the first Olympics held in Asia , and the first time South Africa was barred from taking part due to its apartheid system in sports . ( South Africa was , however , allowed to compete at the 1964 Summer Paralympics , also held in Tokyo , where it made its Paralympic Games debut . ) Tokyo was chosen as the host city during the 55th IOC Session in West Germany , on 26 May 1959 . These games were also the first to be telecast internationally without the need for tapes to be flown overseas , as they had been for the 1960 Olympics four years earlier . The games were telecast to the United States using Syncom 3 , the first geostationary communication satellite , and from there to Europe using Relay 1 . These were also the first Olympic Games to have color telecasts , albeit partially . Certain events like the sumo wrestling and judo matches , sports huge in Japan , were tried out using Toshiba 's new colour transmission system , but only for the domestic market . History surrounding the 1964 Olympics was chronicled in the 1965 documentary film Tokyo Olympiad , directed by Kon Ichikawa . The games were scheduled for mid-October to avoid the city 's midsummer heat and humidity and the September typhoon season . The previous Olympics in Rome in 1960 started in late August and experienced hot weather ."}]}, {'value': 'National Gymnasium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yoyogi_National_Gymnasium', 'summary': 'Yoyogi National Gymnasium ( Japanese : 国立代々木競技場 , Hepburn : Kokuritsu Yoyogi Kyōgi-jō ) is an arena located at Yoyogi Park in Shibuya , Tokyo , Japan , which is famous for its suspension roof design .'}]}, {'value': 'Basketball , Modern pentathlon ( swimming ) , Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Basketball_at_the_1964_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Basketball contests at the 1964 Summer Olympics was the sixth appearance of the sport of basketball as an official Olympic medal event . It took place at the Yoyogi National Gymnasium in Tokyo , Japan from October 11 to October 23 . The United States defeated the Soviet Union to win their sixth straight gold medal at this event , while Brazil earned the bronze against Puerto Rico .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Modern_pentathlon_at_the_1964_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The modern pentathlon at the 1964 Summer Olympics was represented by two events ( both for men ) : Individual competition and Team competition . As usual in Olympic modern pentathlon , one competition was held and each competitor 's score was included to the Individual competition event results table and was also added to his teammates ' scores to be included to the Team competition event results table . This competition consisted of 5 disciplines :"}, {'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1964_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1964 Summer Olympics , eighteen swimming events were contested , ten for men and eight for women . There were a total of 405 participants from 42 countries competing . For the first time , the 4×100 metres freestyle relay for men and the 400 metres individual medley for both men and women were contested . Olympic records were broken in all events and the world record was broken in ten events . This competition also marked the debut of electronic touchpads for timing .'}]}, {'value': '4,000 ( basketball ) 11,300 ( diving , swimming )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1968 Mexico City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1968_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1968 Summer Olympics ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1968 ) , officially known as the Games of the XIX Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Mexico City , Mexico , from October 12 to the 27th . These were the first Olympic Games to be staged in Latin America and the first to be staged in a Spanish-speaking country . They were the first Games to use an all-weather ( smooth ) track for track and field events instead of the traditional cinder track . The 1968 Games were the third to be held in the last quarter of the year , after the 1956 Games in Melbourne and the 1964 Games in Tokyo . The Mexican Student Movement of 1968 happened concurrently and the Olympic Games were correlated to the government 's repression . The United States won the most gold and overall medals for the last time until 1984 ."}]}, {'value': 'Francisco Márquez Olympic Pool', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alberca_Olímpica_Francisco_Márquez', 'summary': 'The Alberca Olímpica Francisco Márquez is an indoor swimming pool Olympic facility located in Mexico City , Mexico . It has a capacity of 4,300 . It hosted the 1968 Summer Olympics for competitions of swimming , diving , water polo , and the swimming part of modern pentathlon . The only Mexican gold medal in Olympic swimming competitions was won at this site . It was won by Felipe Muñoz in the 200 metres men breast stroke competition .'}]}, {'value': 'Modern pentathlon ( swimming ) , Swimming , Water polo ( final )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Modern_pentathlon_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The modern pentathlon at the 1968 Summer Olympics was represented by two events ( both for men ) : Individual competition and Team competition . As usual in Olympic modern pentathlon , one competition was held and each competitor 's score was included to the Individual competition event results table and was also added to his teammates ' scores to be included to the Team competition event results table . This competition consisted of 5 disciplines :"}, {'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City , 29 events in swimming were contested . There was a total of 468 participants from 51 countries competing . The United States dominated the competition , winning 52 of 87 possible medals . 15-year-old phenom Debbie Meyer from Maryland won three gold medals .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The Water Polo Tournament at the 1968 Summer Olympics was held from 14 to 25 October 1968 , in Mexico City , Mexico .'}]}, {'value': '15,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972 Munich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1972 Summer Olympics ( German : Olympische Sommerspiele 1972 ) , officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Munich , West Germany , from 26 August to 11 September 1972 . The sporting nature of the event was largely overshadowed by the Munich massacre in the second week , in which eleven Israeli athletes and coaches and a West German police officer at Olympic village were killed by Black September terrorists . The 1972 Summer Olympics were the second Summer Olympics to be held in Germany , after the 1936 Games in Berlin , which had taken place under the Nazi regime . The West German Government had been eager to have the Munich Olympics present a democratic and optimistic Germany to the world , as shown by the Games ' official motto , Die Heiteren Spiele , or the cheerful Games . The logo of the Games was a blue solar logo ( the Bright Sun ) by Otl Aicher , the designer and director of the visual conception commission . The Olympic mascot , the dachshund Waldi , was the first officially named Olympic mascot . The Olympic Fanfare was composed by Herbert Rehbein . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals . The Olympic Park ( Olympiapark ) is based on Frei Otto 's plans and after the Games became a Munich landmark . The competition sites , designed by architect Günther Behnisch , included the Olympic swimming hall , the Olympics Hall ( Olympiahalle , a multipurpose facility ) and the Olympic Stadium ( Olympiastadion ) , and an Olympic village very close to the park . The design of the stadium was considered revolutionary , with sweeping canopies of acrylic glass stabilized by metal ropes , used on such a large scale for the first time ."}]}, {'value': 'Schwimmhalle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olympia_Schwimmhalle', 'summary': 'The Olympia Schwimmhalle is an aquatics centre located in the Olympiapark in Munich , Germany . It hosted the swimming , diving , water polo , and the swimming part of the modern pentathlon events at the 1972 Summer Olympics . At the 1972 Olympics , the stadium had a 9000-seat capacity which was reduced to 1,500 soon after . During the 1972 Olympics , the Olympic Records in all 29 Olympic swimming events were broken as well as the World Records in 20 events . [ citation needed ] The Schwimmhalle is unique for its roof construction which is a lightweight stressed-skin structure . This curved structure bears loads through tension only , not compression . The double curvature in the roof design is what provides support which is further stabilized through pretensioned guy wires . The Olympia Schwimmhalle is where swimmer Mark Spitz broke the record for most individual gold medals won in a single Olympics with seven gold medals . This record was not surpassed until fellow swimmer Michael Phelps won eight gold medals at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing .'}]}, {'value': 'Modern pentathlon ( swimming ) , Swimming , Water polo ( final )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Modern_pentathlon_at_the_1972_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The modern pentathlon at the 1972 Summer Olympics was represented by two events ( both for men ) : Individual competition and Team competition . As usual in Olympic modern pentathlon , one competition was held and each competitor 's score was included to the Individual competition event results table and was also added to his teammates ' scores to be included to the Team competition event results table . This competition consisted of 5 disciplines :"}, {'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1972_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1972 Summer Olympics were held in Munich , West Germany , 29 events in swimming were contested . There was a total of 532 participants from 52 countries competing . Perhaps the most spectacular athletic events were in swimming . Mark Spitz of the United States had a spectacular run , lining up for seven events , winning seven Olympic titles and setting seven world records . The seven world records in a single Olympic meet was tied by Michael Phelps in 2008 . According to the official Olympic website , He took part in the 4×200 m one hour after his final in the 100 m butterfly . As for the 200 m freestyle gold , it was his third medal in three days . On the women 's side of the competition , Shane Gould of Australia won 5 medals . She won the 200 m and 400 m freestyle as well as the 200 m individual medley , each with a new world record time . In addition , she won the silver and the bronze in the 800 m and 100 m freestyle , respectively . In terms of records , the Olympic record was broken at least once in all 29 events . In 20 of those events , there was a new world record set ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1972_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Final results for the water polo competition at the 1972 Summer Olympics held in Munich .'}]}, {'value': '9,182', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1976 Montreal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1976 Summer Olympics , officially called the Games of the XXI Olympiad ( French : Les XXIes olympiques d'été ) , was an international multi-sport event in Montreal , Quebec , Canada , in 1976 , and the first Olympic Games held in Canada . Montreal was awarded the rights to the 1976 Games on May 12 , 1970 , at the 69th IOC Session in Amsterdam , over the bids of Moscow and Los Angeles . It was the first and , so far , only Summer Olympic Games to be held in Canada . Calgary and Vancouver later hosted the Winter Olympic Games in 1988 and 2010 , respectively . Twenty-nine countries , mostly African , boycotted the Montreal Games when the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) refused to ban New Zealand , after the New Zealand national rugby union team had toured South Africa earlier in 1976 in defiance of the United Nations ' calls for a sporting embargo . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals ."}]}, {'value': 'Olympic Pool', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olympic_Pool,_Montreal', 'summary': "The Montreal Olympic Pool was constructed for the 1976 Summer Olympics as part of the Montreal Olympic Park . The Olympic Pool is part of the larger swimming centre , located in the base of the inclined tower . The centre has a spectator capacity of 3,012 seats . At the 1976 Olympics , the venue hosted swimming , diving , water polo , and the swimming part of the modern pentathlon events . It had a capacity of 10,000 seats at the time ( 6,988 temporary seats were installed ) . The building was designed by French architect Roger Taillibert , who also designed the Olympic Stadium and Olympic Village . The structure , along with the accompanying velodrome , inspired Taillibert 's later designs for Luxembourg 's National Sports and Culture Centre . Outside of the actual aquatic complex , inside the tower , a small museum exists , commemorating the 1976 Games as well as Games past , with posters and displays in French and English . As of 2014 , the aquatic complex is closed while undergoing extensive renovations to bring the facilities in line with FINA+ standards , including :"}]}, {'value': 'Modern pentathlon ( swimming ) , Swimming , Water polo ( final )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Modern_pentathlon_at_the_1976_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The modern pentathlon at the 1976 Summer Olympics was represented by two events ( both for men ) : Individual competition and Team competition . As usual in Olympic modern pentathlon , one competition was held and each competitor 's score was included to the Individual competition event results table and was also added to his teammates ' scores to be included to the Team competition event results table . This competition consisted of 5 disciplines :"}, {'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1976_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1976 Summer Olympics were held in Montreal , Quebec , Canada ; 26 events in swimming were contested . There was a total of 471 participants from 51 countries competing .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1976_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The water polo tournament at the 1976 Summer Olympics was held from 18 to 27 July 1976 in Montreal , Quebec , Canada .'}]}, {'value': '10,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980 Moscow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1980 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad ( Russian : И́гры XXII Олимпиа́ды , tr . Igry XXII Olimpiady ) , was an international multi-sport event held in Moscow , Soviet Union , in present-day Russia . The 1980 Games were the first Olympic Games to be staged in Eastern Europe , and remain the only Summer Olympics held there , as well as the first Olympic Games to be held in a Slavic language-speaking country . They were also the only Olympic Games to be held in a communist country until 2008 in China . These were the final Olympic Games under the IOC Presidency of Michael Morris , 3rd Baron Killanin . Eighty nations were represented at the Moscow Games - the smallest number since 1956 . Led by the United States , 66 countries boycotted the games entirely because of the Soviet-Afghan War . Some athletes from some of the boycotting countries ( they are not included in the list of 66 countries that boycotted the games entirely ) participated in the games under the Olympic Flag . The Soviet Union would later boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals , with the USSR and East Germany winning 127 out of 204 available golds .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming Pool - Olimpisky', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_Pool_at_the_Olimpiysky_Sports_Complex', 'summary': 'The Swimming Pool at the Olimpiysky Sports Complex is a covered swimming centre in Moscow , Russia . The venue , built for the 1980 Summer Olympics , makes up the Olimpiysky Sports Complex architectural ensemble together with the Olimpiysky Arena . During the Olympics , it hosted the swimming , diving , water polo , and the swimming part of the modern pentathlon events . It also hosted 2002 Short Course World Championships . The venue consists of a 50x25x2,25m swimming pool ( with capacity for 7,500 spectators ) , separated by an acoustic partition from the 35x25x6 m diving pool ( with capacity for 4,500 spectators ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Modern pentathlon ( swimming ) , Swimming , Water polo ( final )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Modern_pentathlon_at_the_1980_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The modern pentathlon at the 1980 Summer Olympics was represented by two events ( both for men ) : Individual competition and Team competition . As usual in Olympic modern pentathlon one competition was held and each competitor 's score was included to the Individual competition event results table and was also added to his teammates ' scores to be included to the Team competition event results table . This competition consisted of 5 disciplines which were held in 4 venues :"}, {'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1980_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Swimming as usual was one of the three aquatics disciplines at the 1980 Summer Olympics - the other two being Water Polo and Diving . It was held in the Swimming Pool of the Olimpiysky Sports Complex between July 20 and July 27 . There was a total of 333 participants from 41 countries competing . Because the number of participants was reduced by the boycott , FINA broke format by doing away with the semifinals . Instead , the top 8 finishers from the heats qualified directly for the final , or final A as it was called . In events up to 400m , those that finished 9th to 16th in the heats would swim in Final B for the 9th place after the swimmers from Final A swam . This would continue as the Olympic format up to the 1996 Olympic Games .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1980_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Water polo at the 1980 Summer Olympics as usual was a part of the swimming sport , other two parts were swimming and diving . They were not three separate sports , because they all were governed by one federation - FINA . Water Polo discipline consisted of one event : men 's team . In the preliminary round 12 teams were divided into three groups . Two best teams from each group ( shaded ones ) advanced to Group A of the final round to determine places 1 through 6 . The rest of teams played in Group B of the final round to determine places 7 through 12 . The event was held between 20 and 29 July in two venues :"}]}, {'value': '13,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984 Los Angeles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1984 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event that was held from July 28 to August 12 , 1984 , in Los Angeles , California , United States ( and other venues around the United States ) . This was the second time that Los Angeles had hosted the Games , the first being in 1932 . California was the home state of then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan , who officially opened the Games . The logo for the 1984 Games , branded Stars in Motion , featured red , white and blue stars arranged horizontally and struck through with alternating streaks . The official mascot of the Games was Sam the Olympic Eagle . These were the first Summer Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Juan Antonio Samaranch . The 1984 Games were boycotted by a total of fourteen Eastern Bloc countries , including the Soviet Union and East Germany , in response to the American-led boycott of the previous 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow in protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan ; Romania was the only Eastern Bloc nation that opted to attend the Games . Iran and Libya also chose to boycott the Games for unrelated reasons . Despite the field being depleted in certain sports due to the boycott , 140 National Olympic Committees took part , which was a record at the time . The United States won the most gold and overall medals , followed by Romania and West Germany . The 1984 Summer Olympics are widely considered to be the most financially successful modern Olympics and served as an example of how to run the model Olympic Games . As a result of low construction costs , coupled with a reliance on private corporate funding , the 1984 Olympic Games generated a profit of more than $ 250 million .'}]}, {'value': 'Olympic Swim Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/McDonald's_Olympic_Swim_Stadium", 'summary': "The Uytengsu Aquatics Center ( originally the McDonald 's Olympic Swim Stadium ) is a 2,500-seat outdoor aquatics venue located on the campus of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles , USA . The facility features two pools : a long course pool ( 50x25 meters ) , and a diving well ( 25x25 yards ) with towers . The facility is the home pool for the USC Trojans swimming and diving teams . The facility was originally constructed for the 1984 Summer Olympics , and opened in July 1983 . Financial assistance for the construction of the facility came from McDonald 's , and for the first 29 years of its existence , the stadium bore the name McDonald 's Olympic Swim Stadium . At the time of the '84 Games , it was called the Olympic Swim Stadium , and was the main aquatics venue at the Games , hosting competitions in swimming , diving , and synchronized swimming . ( Water polo was held at Raleigh Runnels Memorial Pool in Malibu , California . ) For the Games , the facility featured temporary bleacher seating around the two pools , which was removed after the Games . In 1989 , the Lyon Center was built on a portion of the land where the Games stands were . The pool has hosted several high-level national meets since 1984 , including the 1989 U.S . Swimming Nationals , the Swimming competitions at the 1991 U.S. Olympic Festival , and the 1993 U.S . Diving Nationals ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming , Synchronized swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1984_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Swimming at the 1984 Summer Olympics , held at the McDonald 's Olympic Swim Stadium , located on the USC campus . There was a total of 494 participants from 67 countries competing . This was the first Olympic games at which only two swimmers per country , per event , were permitted . Previously , three swimmers were allowed and many countries would sweep the medal stand ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Synchronized_swimming_at_the_1984_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Synchronized swimming was introduced to the Olympic Games at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles , with two events , both for women only . Former competitive swimmer and MGM film star Esther Williams served as commentator . The events were contested at the McDonald 's Olympic Swim Stadium ."}]}, {'value': '16,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988 Seoul', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1988 Summer Olympics ( Korean : 서울 하계 올림픽 ; RR : Seoul Hagye Ollimpik [ sʌ.ul ɦaɡje olːimpʰik ] ) , officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event celebrated from 17 September to 2 October 1988 in Seoul , South Korea . In the Seoul Games , 159 nations were represented by a total of 8,391 athletes : 6,197 men and 2,194 women . 237 events were held and 27,221 volunteers helped to prepare the Olympics . 11,331 media ( 4,978 written press and 6,353 broadcasters ) showed the Games all over the world . These were the last Olympic Games for the Soviet Union and East Germany , as both ceased to exist before the next Olympic Games . The Soviets utterly dominated the medal table , winning 55 gold and 132 total medals . No country came close to this result after 1988 . The games were boycotted by North Korea and its ally , Cuba . Ethiopia , Albania and the Seychelles did not respond to the invitations sent by the IOC . Nicaragua did not participate due to athletic and financial considerations . The participation of Madagascar had been expected , and their team was expected at the opening ceremony of 160 nations . However , the country withdrew because of financial reasons .'}]}, {'value': 'Jamsil Indoor Swimming Pool', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jamsil_Indoor_Swimming_Pool', 'summary': 'Jamsil Indoor Swimming Pool ( Korean : 잠실 제1수영장 ; Hanja : 蠶室第1水泳場 ) is an aquatics venue located in Seoul , South Korea . It hosted the swimming , diving , water polo , synchronized swimming , and the swimming part of the modern pentathlon events at the 1988 Summer Olympics . The venue was constructed from November 1977 to December 1980 and has a seating capacity of 8,000 .'}]}, {'value': 'Modern pentathlon ( swimming ) , Swimming , Synchronized swimming , Water polo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Modern_pentathlon_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The modern pentathlon at the 1988 Summer Olympics was represented by two events ( both for men ) : Individual competition and Team competition . It was fought in five days on September 18 to 22 , and individual results were also directly applied towards the team event ranking .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1988 Summer Olympics took place in Seoul , South Korea . The swimming competition , held from September 18 to September 25 , was notable for the seven medals , including five golds , won by Matt Biondi , the six golds won by Kristin Otto , and the three individual golds won by Janet Evans . 633 participants from 77 countries were competing .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Synchronized_swimming_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul , two events in synchronised swimming were contested , both for women only .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Water polo at the 1988 Summer Olympics as usual was part of the swimming sport , the other two being swimming and diving . They were not seen as three separate sports , because they all were governed by one federation - FINA . Water polo discipline consisted of one event : the men 's team competition . In the preliminary round twelve teams were divided into two groups . The two best teams from each group ( shaded ones ) advanced to the semi-finals . The two numbers three and four played classification matches to determine places 5 through 8 , with the earlier result taken with them . The rest of the teams also played classification matches to determine places 9 through 12 ."}]}, {'value': '8,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992 Barcelona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1992 Summer Olympics ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1992 , Catalan : Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1992 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Barcelona , Spain from 25 July to 9 August 1992 . Beginning in 1994 , the International Olympic Committee decided to hold the Summer and Winter Olympics in alternating even-numbered years . The 1992 Summer Olympics was the last occasion for the Summer and Winter Olympics to be staged in the same year . This Olympiad was the first since the end of the Cold War , and was unaffected by boycotts for the first time since the 1972 Olympiad . The Unified Team topped the medal table , winning 45 gold and 112 overall medals ."}]}, {'value': 'Piscina Municipal de Montjuïc', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Piscina_Municipal_de_Montjuïc', 'summary': 'The Piscina Municipal de Montjuïc ( English : Montjuïc Municipal Pool ) is a sports venue situated in the Olympic Ring in Barcelona . The venue consists of two swimming pools : a pool for diving and a 25m outdoor pool . It hosted the diving events and the water polo preliminaries for the 1992 Summer Olympics . The location of the venue on a slope of the Montjuïc hill gives a panoramic view of the city of Barcelona . The swimming pools are open to the public during the summer .'}]}, {'value': 'Water polo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The men 's water polo tournament at the 1992 Summer Olympics was held from 1 to 10 August 1992 , in Barcelona , Spain . Reigning world champion Yugoslavia had qualified for the tournament , but as it had formally dissolved in the interim , it did n't participate . The successor countries did n't participate for several reasons . The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbia and Montenegro ) could n't participate due to the UN sanctions due to their aggression on Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina . Croatia , which was the strongest among them at the time ( the Croatian club was champion of Yugoslavia and European Champions ' Cup winner ) , also did not participate in the water polo tournament . The position of Yugoslavia was replaced by Czechoslovakia ."}]}, {'value': '6,500', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'Djurgårdsbrunnsviken hosted the diving events for the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm . Piscina Municipal de Montjuïc hosted the diving events for the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona . For the Summer Olympics , there are 25 venues that have been or will be used for diving .', 'uid': 'List_of_Olympic_venues_in_diving_0', 'intro': 'For the Summer Olympics, there are 25 venues that have been or will be used for diving.'}
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During the Games of the X Olympiad , , how many nations did compete ?
37
04b02c7c1954ee2d
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Washington_Redskins_players', 'title': 'List of Washington Redskins players', 'header': ['#', 'Name', 'Pos', 'College', 'GP', 'Seasons'], 'data': [{'value': '69', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jason Fabini', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jason_Fabini', 'summary': 'Jason Tamer Fabini ( born August 25 , 1974 ) is a former American football offensive lineman . He was originally drafted by the New York Jets of the National Football League ( NFL ) in the fourth round of the 1998 NFL Draft . He played college football at Cincinnati .'}]}, {'value': 'OT', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cincinnati', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Cincinnati', 'summary': 'The University of Cincinnati ( UC or Cincinnati ) is a public research university in Cincinnati , Ohio . Founded in 1819 as Cincinnati College , it is the oldest institution of higher education in Cincinnati and has an annual enrollment of over 44,000 students , making it the second largest university in Ohio . It is part of the University System of Ohio .'}]}, {'value': '23', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007-08', 'urls': []}, {'value': '68', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mike Fanucci', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Fanucci', 'summary': 'Michael Joseph Fanucci ( born September 28 , 1949 in Scranton , Pennsylvania ) is a former American football defensive end in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins , Houston Oilers , and Green Bay Packers . He later played with the Ottawa Rough Riders of the Canadian Football League . He played college football at Arizona State University . Fanucci attended Dunmore High School and played football there ; he graduated in the class of 1967 .'}]}, {'value': 'DE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arizona State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona_State_University', 'summary': "Arizona State University ( commonly referred to as ASU or Arizona State ) is a public metropolitan research university on five campuses across the Phoenix metropolitan area , and four regional learning centers throughout Arizona . ASU is one of the largest public universities by enrollment in the U.S. As of fall 2019 , the university had nearly 90,000 students attending classes across its metro campuses , more than 38,000 students attending online , including 83,000-plus undergraduates and more nearly 20,000 postgraduates . The university is organized into 17 colleges , featuring more than 170 cross-discipline centers and institutes . ASU offers 350 degree options for undergraduates students , as well as more than 400 graduate degree and certificate programs . ASU has nearly 600 ASU scholar-athletes across 26 varsity-level sports . The Arizona State Sun Devils compete in the Pac-12 Conference and have won 59 Pac-10/Pac-12 championships dating back to 1979 , and have captured 24 NCAA championships dating to its first ( baseball ) title in 1965 . In addition to its athletic program , the university is home to over 1,100 registered student organizations . ASU 's charter , approved by the board of regents in 2014 , is based on the New American University model created by ASU President Michael M. Crow upon his appointment as the institution 's 16th president in 2002 . It defines ASU as a comprehensive public research university , measured not by whom it excludes , but rather by whom it includes and how they succeed ; advancing research and discovery of public value ; and assuming fundamental responsibility for the economic , social , cultural and overall health of the communities it serves . Since 2005 , ASU has been ranked among the top research universities in the U.S. , public and private , based on research output , innovation , development , research expenditures , number of awarded patents and awarded research grant proposals . The 2019 university ratings by U.S. News & World Report rank ASU No . 1 among the Most Innovative Schools in America for the fourth year in a row ."}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': '44', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andy Farkas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andy_Farkas', 'summary': 'Andrew Andy Geza Farkas ( May 2 , 1916 - April 10 , 2001 ) was an American football fullback in the National Football League ( NFL ) for the Washington Redskins and the Detroit Lions .'}]}, {'value': 'RB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Detroit Mercy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Detroit_Mercy', 'summary': 'The University of Detroit Mercy ( UDM ) is a private , Roman Catholic university in Detroit , Michigan , sponsored by both the Society of Jesus ( the Jesuits ) and the Religious Sisters of Mercy . Founded in 1877 , it is the largest Catholic university in Michigan . It has three campuses , where it offers more than a hundred academic degrees and programs of study in liberal arts , clinical psychology , business , dentistry , education , law , engineering , architecture , nursing and allied health professions . In athletics , the university sponsors 19 NCAA Division I level varsity sports for men and women . It is a member of the Horizon League .'}]}, {'value': '62', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1938-44', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dick Farman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dick_Farman', 'summary': 'Richard George Farman ( July 26 , 1916 - May 5 , 2002 ) was an American football offensive lineman in the National Football League ( NFL ) for the Washington Redskins . He played college football at Washington State University and was drafted in the sixteenth round of the 1939 NFL Draft .'}]}, {'value': 'OL', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Washington State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Washington_State_University', 'summary': "Washington State University ( Washington State , WSU , or Wazzu ) is a public research university in Pullman , Washington . Founded in 1890 , WSU is one of the oldest land-grant universities in the American West . With an undergraduate enrollment of 24,470 and a total enrollment of 29,686 , it is the second largest institution for higher education in Washington state behind the University of Washington . The WSU Pullman campus is perched upon a hill , characterized by open spaces , views , deep green conifers , and a restrained red brick and basalt material palette - materials originally found on site . The university is nestled within the rolling topography of the Palouse in rural eastern Washington and remains intimately connected to the town , the region , and the landscape in which it sits . The university also operates campuses across Washington known as WSU Spokane , WSU Tri-Cities , and WSU Vancouver , all founded in 1989 . In 2012 , WSU launched an Internet-based Global Campus , which includes its online degree program , WSU Online . In 2015 , WSU expanded to a sixth campus , known as WSU Everett . These campuses award primarily bachelor 's and master 's degrees . Freshmen and sophomores were first admitted to the Vancouver campus in 2006 and to the Tri-Cities campus in 2007 . Enrollment for the four campuses and WSU Online exceeds 29,686 students . This includes 1,751 international students ."}]}, {'value': '49', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1939-43', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tom Farmer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tom_Farmer_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Thomas Manduis Farmer ( April 17 , 1921 - July 1 , 1980 ) was an American football halfback in the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played for the Los Angeles Rams ( 1946 ) and the Washington Redskins ( 1947-1948 ) . He played college football at the University of Iowa and was drafted in the second round of the 1943 NFL Draft by the Cleveland Rams .'}]}, {'value': 'RB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iowa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Iowa', 'summary': "The University of Iowa ( UI , U of I , UIowa , or simply Iowa ) is a public research university in Iowa City , Iowa . Founded in 1847 , it is the oldest and the second largest university in the state . The University of Iowa is organized into 12 colleges offering more than 200 areas of study and seven professional degrees . Located on an urban 1,880 acre campus on the banks of the Iowa River , the University of Iowa is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity . The university is best known for its programs in health care , law , and the fine arts , with programs ranking among the top 25 nationally in those areas . The university was the original developer of the Master of Fine Arts degree and it operates the Iowa Writer 's Workshop , which has produced 17 of the university 's 46 Pulitzer Prize winners . Iowa is a member of the Association of American Universities , the Universities Research Association , and the Big Ten Academic Alliance . Among American universities , the University of Iowa was the first public university to open as coeducational , opened the first coeducational medical school , and opened the first Department of Religious Studies at a public university . The University of Iowa 's 33,000 students take part in nearly 500 student organizations . Iowa 's 22 varsity athletic teams , the Iowa Hawkeyes , compete in Division I of the NCAA and are members of the Big Ten Conference . The University of Iowa alumni network exceeds 250,000 graduates ."}]}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1947-48', 'urls': []}, {'value': '86', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jimmy Farris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jimmy_Farris', 'summary': 'James Robert Farris ( born April 13 , 1978 ) is a former American football wide receiver who retired from the NFL in 2009 . He was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States Congress in 2012 .'}]}, {'value': 'WR', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Montana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Montana-Missoula', 'summary': 'The University of Montana ( UM ) is a public research university in Missoula , Montana . UM is a flagship institution of the Montana University System and its second largest campus . UM reported 10,962 undergraduate and graduate students in the fall of 2018 . The University of Montana ranks 17th in the nation and fifth among public universities in producing Rhodes Scholars . The University of Montana has 11 Truman Scholars , 14 Goldwater Scholars and 40 Udall Scholars to its name .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': '93', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jeff Faulkner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jeff_Faulkner', 'summary': 'Jeffrey E. Faulkner ( born April 4 , 1964 in St. Thomas , U.S. Virgin Islands ) is a former American football defensive lineman in the National Football League for the Kansas City Chiefs , Indianapolis Colts , Phoenix Cardinals , New Orleans Saints , Washington Redskins , and the New York Jets . He also played in the Arena Football League for the Chicago Bruisers , Orlando Predators and the Milwaukee Mustangs . He played college football at Southern University . He is distinguished as being the first Virgin Islander and St. Thomian to play in the National Football League .'}]}, {'value': 'DL', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Southern', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Southern_University', 'summary': "Southern University and A & M College ( Southern University , Southern , SUBR or SU ) is a public historically black university in Baton Rouge , Louisiana . It is the largest HBCU in Louisiana , a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund and the flagship institution of the Southern University System . Its campus encompasses 512 acres , with an agricultural experimental station on an additional 372-acre site , five miles north of the main campus on Scott 's Bluff overlooking the Mississippi River in the northern section of Baton Rouge . Southern University 's 13 intercollegiate athletics teams are known as the Jaguars , and are members of the Southwestern Athletic Conference ( SWAC ) in NCAA Division I . The Human Jukebox is the internationally renowned collegiate marching band that has been representing the university since 1947 ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': '88', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christian Fauria', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christian_Fauria', 'summary': 'Christian Ashley Fauria ( born September 22 , 1971 ) is an American former football tight end .'}]}, {'value': 'TE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Colorado', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Colorado_at_Boulder', 'summary': "The University of Colorado Boulder ( CU Boulder ) , colloquially referred to as CU or Colorado , is a public research university in Boulder , Colorado . It is the flagship university of the University of Colorado system and was founded five months before Colorado was admitted to the Union in 1876 . In 2015 , the university comprised nine colleges and schools and offered over 150 academic programs and enrolled almost 17,000 students . Twelve Nobel Laureates , nine MacArthur Fellows , and 20 astronauts have been affiliated with CU Boulder as students , researchers , or faculty members in its history . The university received nearly $ 454 million in sponsored research in 2010 to fund programs like the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics , and JILA . The Colorado Buffaloes compete in 17 varsity sports and are members of the NCAA Division I Pac-12 Conference . The Buffaloes have won 28 national championships : 20 in skiing , seven total in men 's and women 's cross country , and one in football . Approximately 900 students participate in 34 intercollegiate club sports annually as well ."}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fred Felber', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fred_Felber', 'summary': 'Frederick Emmett Felber ( March 25 , 1909 - May 1978 ) was an American football offensive tackle in the National Football League for the Boston Braves and the Philadelphia Eagles . He played college football at the University of North Dakota .'}]}, {'value': 'OT', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Dakota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_North_Dakota', 'summary': "The University of North Dakota ( also known as UND or North Dakota ) is a public research university in Grand Forks , North Dakota . Established by the Dakota Territorial Assembly in 1883 , six years before the establishment of the state of North Dakota , it is the state 's oldest university . UND was founded with a liberal arts foundation and expanded to include scientific research . The university has the only schools of law and medicine in the state of North Dakota . Its best known college is perhaps its John D. Odegard School of Aerospace Sciences , the first in the country to offer a degree in unmanned aircraft systems operations , and programs in aviation and aerospace . Several national research institutions are on the university 's campus including the Energy and Environmental Research Center , the School of Medicine and Health Sciences , and the USDA Human Nutrition Research Center . North Dakota 's athletic teams compete in the NCAA 's Division I . Most teams compete as members of the Big Sky Conference , with the exceptions of men 's hockey ( National Collegiate Hockey Conference ) , and swimming ( Western Athletic Conference ) . The men 's ice hockey team has won eight national championships and play in the Ralph Engelstad Arena ."}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1932', 'urls': []}, {'value': '45', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ralph Felton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ralph_Felton', 'summary': 'Ralph Dwaine Rass Felton ( May 21 , 1932 - January 22 , 2011 ) was an American football player . Felton played college football at the University of Maryland at College Park and was drafted in the fourth round of the 1954 NFL Draft . He was a linebacker in the National Football League ( NFL ) for the Washington Redskins and in the American Football League ( ALF ) for the Buffalo Bills .'}]}, {'value': 'LB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maryland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park', 'summary': "The University of Maryland , College Park ( University of Maryland , UMD , or simply Maryland ) is a public research university in College Park , Maryland . Founded in 1856 , UMD is the flagship institution of the University System of Maryland . It is also the largest university in both the state and the Washington metropolitan area , with more than 41,000 students representing all fifty states and 123 countries , and a global alumni network of over 360,000 . Its twelve schools and colleges together offer over 200 degree-granting programs , including 92 undergraduate majors , 107 master 's programs , and 83 doctoral programs . UMD is a member of the Association of American Universities and competes in intercollegiate athletics as a member of the Big Ten Conference . The University of Maryland 's proximity to the nation 's capital has resulted in many research partnerships with the federal government ; faculty receive research funding and institutional support from agencies such as the National Institutes of Health , the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) , the National Institute of Standards and Technology , the Food and Drug Administration , and the Department of Homeland Security . It is classified as a first tier research university by the Carnegie Foundation , and is labeled a Public Ivy , denoting a quality of education comparable to the private Ivy League . UMD is ranked among the top 100 universities both nationally and globally by several indices . In 2016 , the University of Maryland , College Park and the University of Maryland , Baltimore formalized their strategic partnership after their collaboration successfully created more innovative medical , scientific , and educational programs , as well as greater research grants and joint faculty appointments than either campus has been able to accomplish on its own . As of 2017 , the operating budget of the University of Maryland is approximately $ 2.1 billion . For the 2018 fiscal year , the university received a total of over $ 545 million in external research funding . In October 2017 , the university received a record-breaking donation of $ 219.5 million from the A. James & Alice B. Clark Foundation , ranking among the largest philanthropic gifts to a public university in the country ."}]}, {'value': '75', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1954-60', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12/27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Neil Ferris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neil_Ferris', 'summary': 'Neil George Ferris ( October 31 , 1927 - January 30 , 1996 ) was an American football defensive back and halfback in the National Football League . A graduate of Loyola Marymount University , Ferris was inducted into their Hall of Fame in 1991 . Ferris played for three NFL teams , the Washington Redskins in 1951-1952 , the Philadelphia Eagles in 1952 , and also the Los Angeles Rams , in 1953 .'}]}, {'value': 'DB / HB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Loyola Marymount', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Loyola_Marymount_University', 'summary': "Loyola Marymount University ( LMU ) is a private Jesuit and Marymount research university in Los Angeles , California . It is located on the west side of the city and is scenically positioned atop the bluffs overlooking Playa Vista . LMU is also the parent school to Loyola Law School located in downtown Los Angeles . LMU offers 60 major and 55 minor undergraduate degrees and programs across 6 undergraduate colleges . The Graduate Division offers 51 master 's degree programs , one education doctorate , one doctorate in juridical science , one juris doctorate and 12 credential programs . As of 2019 [ update ] , Loyola Marymount University is one of the largest Roman Catholic universities on the U.S. West Coast with just under 9,700 undergraduate , graduate and law school students . LMU 's sports teams are called the Lions and compete at the NCAA Division I level as members of the West Coast Conference in 19 sports ."}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1951-52', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frank Filchock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frank_Filchock', 'summary': 'Frank Joseph Filchock ( October 8 , 1916 - June 20 , 1994 ) was an American gridiron football player and coach . As a consequence of a famous scandal regarding the 1946 NFL Championship Game , he was suspended by the National Football League ( NFL ) from 1947 to 1950 for associating with gamblers .'}]}, {'value': 'QB / RB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indiana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indiana_University_(Bloomington)', 'summary': "Indiana University Bloomington ( IU Bloomington , IU , or simply Indiana ) is a public research university in Bloomington , Indiana . It is the flagship institution of the Indiana University system and , with over 40,000 students , its largest university . Indiana University is a Public Ivy university and consistently ranks in the top 100 national universities in the U.S. and among the top 50 public universities . It is a member of the Association of American Universities and has numerous schools and programs , including the Jacobs School of Music , the Luddy School of Informatics , Computing , and Engineering , the O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs , the Kelley School of Business , the School of Public Health , the School of Nursing , the School of Optometry , the Maurer School of Law , the School of Education , the Media School , and the Hamilton Lugar School of Global and International Studies . As of Fall 2017 , 43,710 students attend Indiana University . While 55.1% of the student body was from Indiana , students from all 50 states , Washington , D.C. , Puerto Rico and 165 countries were also enrolled . As of 2018 [ update ] , the average ACT score is a 28 and an SAT score of 1276 . The university is home to an extensive student life program , with more than 750 student organizations on campus and with around 17 percent of undergraduates joining the Greek system . Indiana athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Indiana Hoosiers . The university is a member of the Big Ten Conference ; since it does not have a mascot , all teams are known simply as Hoosiers . Indiana 's faculty , staff , and alumni include nine Nobel laureates , 17 Rhodes Scholars , 17 Marshall Scholars , and five MacArthur Fellows . In addition , students and alumni have won six Academy Awards , 49 Grammy Awards , 32 Emmy Awards , 20 Pulitzer Prizes , four Tony Awards , and 104 Olympic medals ( 55 gold , 17 silver , and 32 bronze ) ."}]}, {'value': '58', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1938-41 , 1944-45', 'urls': []}, {'value': '51', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alfred Fincher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alfred_Fincher', 'summary': 'Alfred William Fincher ( born August 15 , 1983 ) is a former American football linebacker . He was drafted by the New Orleans Saints in the third round of the 2005 NFL Draft . He played college football at Connecticut . Fincher has also been a member of the Detroit Lions , Washington Redskins , and New York Sentinels . Fincher works as a fisherman in the Bahamas with ex-Connecticut teammate and NFL prospect Deon McPhee .'}]}, {'value': 'LB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Connecticut', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Connecticut', 'summary': "The University of Connecticut ( UConn ) is a public land grant , National Sea Grant and National Space Grant research university in Storrs , Connecticut . It was founded in 1881 . The primary 4,400-acre ( 17.8 km2 ) campus is in Storrs , Connecticut , approximately a half hour 's drive from Hartford and 90 minutes from Boston . It is a flagship university that is ranked as tied for the best public national university in New England and is tied for 24th in top public schools and tied for 64th best national university in the 2020 U.S. News & World Report rankings . UConn has been ranked by Money Magazine and Princeton Review top 18th in value . The university is designated R-1 : Doctoral Universities - Highest Research Activity with the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education classifying the student body as More Selective , its most selective admissions category . The university has been recognized as a Public Ivy , defined as a select group of publicly funded universities considered to provide a quality of education comparable to those of the Ivy League . UConn is one of the founding institutions of the Hartford , Connecticut/Springfield , Massachusetts regional economic and cultural partnership alliance known as New England 's Knowledge Corridor . UConn was the second U.S. university invited into Universitas 21 , an elite international network of 24 research-intensive universities , who work together to foster global citizenship . UConn is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges . UConn was founded in 1881 as the Storrs Agricultural School , named after two brothers who donated the land for the school . In 1893 , the school became a land grant college ."}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Al Fiorentino', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Al_Fiorentino', 'summary': 'Albert Michael Fiorentino ( February 28 , 1917 - January 28 , 2001 ) was an American football guard in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins and the Boston Yanks . He played college football at Boston College .'}]}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boston College', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_College', 'summary': "Boston College ( BC ) is a private Jesuit research university in the Chestnut Hill and Brighton neighborhoods of Boston , Massachusetts and the city of Newton , Massachusetts . It was founded in 1863 and although it is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity its name reflects its historical position as a small liberal arts college . The university has more than 9,300 full-time undergraduates and nearly 5,000 graduate students . It has historical ties to Boston College High School in Dorchester , as both the high school and the college were once on one campus in the South End of Boston . Its main campus is a historic district and features some of the earliest examples of collegiate gothic architecture in North America . Boston College offers bachelor 's degrees , master 's degrees , and doctoral degrees through its nine schools and colleges : Morrissey College of Arts & Sciences , Graduate School of Arts & Sciences , Carroll School of Management , Lynch School of Education and Human Development , Connell School of Nursing , Graduate School of Social Work , Boston College Law School , Boston College School of Theology and Ministry , Woods College of Advancing Studies . Boston College athletic teams are known as the Eagles , their colors are maroon and gold , and mascot is Baldwin the Eagle . The Eagles compete in NCAA Division I as members of the Atlantic Coast Conference in all sports offered by the ACC . The men 's and women 's ice hockey teams compete in Hockey East . Boston College 's men 's ice hockey team has won five national championships . As of January 2020 , alumni and affiliates of the university include governors , ambassadors , senators , House representatives , Hollywood actors , and professional athletes . Boston College has graduated several Rhodes , Fulbright , and Goldwater scholars ."}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1943-44', 'urls': []}, {'value': '51/60', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mark Fischer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mark_Fischer_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Mark Raymond Fischer ( born July 29 , 1974 in Cincinnati , Ohio ) is a former American football center who played in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins . He played college football at Purdue University and was drafted in the fifth round of the 1998 NFL Draft . During the 2000 NFL season , Fischer became the starting center of the Washington Redskins starting in all 16 games . The following year , Cory Raymer regained his starting position . In week 4 of the 2001 season Fischer sustained a season ending ACL rupture . He signed with the Denver Broncos in 2002 but was released before the season started . He currently [ when ? ] is a Managing Director at PNC Capital Markets LLC [ citation needed ] division of PNC Financial Services Group .'}]}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Purdue', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Purdue_University', 'summary': 'Purdue University is a public research university in West Lafayette , Indiana , and the flagship campus of the Purdue University system . The university was founded in 1869 after Lafayette businessman John Purdue donated land and money to establish a college of science , technology , and agriculture in his name . The first classes were held on September 16 , 1874 , with six instructors and 39 students . The main campus in West Lafayette offers more than 200 majors for undergraduates , over 69 masters and doctoral programs , and professional degrees in pharmacy and veterinary medicine . In addition , Purdue has 18 intercollegiate sports teams and more than 900 student organizations . Purdue is a member of the Big Ten Conference and enrolls the second largest student body of any university in Indiana , as well as the fourth largest foreign student population of any university in the United States . Purdue University is a member of the Association of American Universities and is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity . Purdue has 25 American astronauts as alumni and as of April 2019 , the university has been associated with 13 Nobel Prizes .'}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998-01', 'urls': []}, {'value': '37', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pat Fischer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pat_Fischer', 'summary': "Patrick Fischer ( born January 2 , 1940 in St. Edward , Nebraska ) is a former American football cornerback in the National Football League for the St. Louis Cardinals from 1961 to 1967 , and the Washington Redskins from 1968 to 1977 . Fischer attended Westside High School in Omaha and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln . At Nebraska , Fischer played safety , tailback , and quarterback . Fischer joined the NFL as the 17th-round draft choice of St. Louis in the 1961 NFL Draft . He then signed with Washington as a free agent in 1968 . He was a 1969 Pro Bowler . In 1972 , the Redskins won the NFC championship game of the 1972-73 NFL playoffs against the Dallas Cowboys , when they limited Roger Staubach , their quarterback , to only 9 completions in 20 attempts for 98 passing yards and three allowed sacks , Fischer and Mike Bass , the other cornerback , being particularly successful in shutting down their wide receivers . But though the Redskin defense allowed only 69 net passing yards , it could not stop the Miami Dolphins 's running game ( 184 rushing yards ) in losing Super Bowl VII . Fischer finished his 17-year career with 56 interceptions , and ranks seventh all-time in Redskins career interceptions with 27 and fourth all-time with 412 career interception return yards . At the time of his retirement , Fischer had played in 213 NFL games , then a record for a cornerback . He was well known for his strong tackling skills despite his diminutive size . Some of Fischer 's most memorable defensive match-ups occurred against Philadelphia Eagles receiver Harold Carmichael who stood eleven inches taller than Fischer ."}]}, {'value': 'CB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nebraska', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Nebraska–Lincoln', 'summary': "The University of Nebraska-Lincoln ( Nebraska , UNL , or NU ) is a public research university in Lincoln , Nebraska . It is the state 's oldest university and the largest in the University of Nebraska system . The state legislature chartered the university in 1869 as a land-grant university under the 1862 Morrill Act , two years after Nebraska became a state . Around the turn of the 20th century , the university began to expand significantly , hiring professors from eastern schools to teach its new professional programs and conducting groundbreaking research in agricultural sciences . The Nebraska method of ecological study developed during this time pioneered grassland ecology and laid the foundation for research in theoretical ecology for the rest of the century . The university is organized into eight colleges on two campuses in Lincoln with over 100 classroom buildings and research facilities . Nebraska 's athletic programs , known as the Cornhuskers , compete in NCAA Division I and are a member of the Big Ten Conference . NU 's football team has won 46 conference championships and claims five national championships , with an additional nine unclaimed . The school 's volleyball team has won five titles and appeared in the national semifinal nine other times . NU plays its home football games at Memorial Stadium and has sold out every game since 1962 . The stadium 's capacity of 91,585 people is famously larger than the population of Nebraska 's third-largest city ."}]}, {'value': '126', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1968-77', 'urls': []}, {'value': '88', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Matt Flanagan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Matt_Flanagan_(American_football)', 'summary': 'Matt Flanagan ( born March 26 , 1995 ) is an American football tight end who is currently a free agent . He played college football at Pittsburgh , and was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Washington Redskins in 2018 .'}]}, {'value': 'TE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pittsburgh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pittsburgh_Panthers_football', 'summary': "The Pittsburgh Panthers football program is the intercollegiate football team of the University of Pittsburgh , often referred to as Pitt , located in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . Traditionally the most popular sport at the university , Pitt football has played at the highest level of American college football competition , now termed the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision , since the beginning of the school 's official sponsorship of the sport in 1890 . As of the 2013 season , Pitt competes as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . Pitt claims nine national championships and is among the top 20 college football programs in terms of all-time wins . Its teams have featured many coaches and players notable throughout the history of college football , including , among all schools , the twelfth most College Football Hall of Fame inductees , the twelfth most consensus All-Americans , and the fourth most Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees . The Panthers are currently coached by Pat Narduzzi . Pitt plays home games at Heinz Field which they share with the National Football League Pittsburgh Steelers and utilize the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Sports Performance Complex as their practice facility ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2018- present', 'urls': []}, {'value': '89', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zeron Flemister', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zeron_Flemister', 'summary': 'Zeron D. Flemister ( born September 8 , 1976 ) is a former American football tight end . As a senior at the University of Iowa , he played in and started seven games before playing in three postseason all-star games . Flemister was then signed as a free agent by the Washington Redskins in 2000 .'}]}, {'value': 'TE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iowa', 'urls': []}, {'value': '48', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000-03', 'urls': []}, {'value': '59', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'London Fletcher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London_Fletcher', 'summary': "London Levi Fletcher ( born May 19 , 1975 ) is a former American football linebacker who played in the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football at John Carroll , and signed with the St. Louis Rams as an undrafted free agent in 1998 . Fletcher also played for the Buffalo Bills and Washington Redskins . He made four Pro Bowls in his career , and was also a part of the Rams ' victory in Super Bowl XXXIV . Fletcher was well known for never missing a game in his career , being one of only five players in NFL history to play in over 250 consecutive games . Fletcher also holds the record for consecutive starts at the linebacker position . He eventually finished his career with 215 consecutive games started , which ties him for 6th all time along with Alan Page and Ronde Barber ."}]}, {'value': 'LB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Carroll', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Carroll_University', 'summary': "John Carroll University is a private Jesuit university in University Heights , Ohio . It is primarily an undergraduate , liberal arts institution accompanied by the John M. and Mary Jo Boler College of Business . John Carroll has an enrollment of 3,650 students . The university offers undergraduate programs in the liberal arts , sciences , and business , and in selected areas at the master 's level . John Carroll offers 70 academic programs of study for undergraduate students . The university has been ranked in the top 10 of Midwest regional universities by U.S. News & World Report 's annual guide , America 's Best Colleges , for 29 consecutive years ."}]}, {'value': '112', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007-13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tom Flick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tom_Flick', 'summary': "Thomas Lyle Flick ( born August 30 , 1958 ) is a former American football quarterback . He was drafted by the Washington Redskins in the 4th round of the 1981 NFL Draft . A 6 ' 2 , 190 lbs . record-setting quarterback from the University of Washington , Flick played in seven NFL seasons from 1981-1987 . He currently works as a corporate speaker on leadership and change ."}]}, {'value': 'QB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Washington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Washington', 'summary': "The University of Washington ( UW , simply Washington , or informally U-Dub ) is a public research university in Seattle , Washington . Founded in 1861 , Washington was first established in downtown Seattle approximately a decade after the city 's founding to aid its economic development . Today , the university 's 703-acre main Seattle campus is in the University District above the Montlake Cut , within the urban Puget Sound region of the Pacific Northwest . The university has additional campuses in Tacoma and Bothell . Overall , UW encompasses over 500 buildings and over 20 million gross square footage of space , including one of the largest library systems in the world with over 26 university libraries , as well as the UW Tower , lecture halls , art centers , museums , laboratories , stadiums , and conference centers . The university offers bachelor 's , master 's , and doctoral degrees through 140 departments in various colleges and schools , sees about 46,000 in total student enrollment every year , and functions on a quarter system . Washington is a member of the Association of American Universities and classified as an R1 Doctoral Research University classification under the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education . It is cited as a leading university in the world for scientific performance and research output by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings and the CWTS Leiden Ranking . In the 2015 fiscal year , the UW received nearly $ 1.2 billion in research funding , the 3rd largest among all universities in the United States . As the flagship institution of the six public universities in Washington State , it is known for its research in medicine , science , as well as its highly-competitive computer science and engineering programs . Additionally , Washington continues to benefit from its deep historical ties and major collaborations with numerous technology giants in the region , such as Amazon , Boeing , Nintendo , and particularly Microsoft . Paul G. Allen , Bill Gates and others spent significant time at Washington computer labs for a startup venture before founding Microsoft ."}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Players -- F', 'section_text': 'London Fletcher , a starting linebacker for the Redskins from 2007 to 2013 , as well as a defensive captain from 2008 . Lennie Friedman was an offensive guard for the Redskins from 2003 to 2005 . [ 29 ]', 'uid': 'List_of_Washington_Redskins_players_5', 'intro': 'This is a list of American football players who have played for the Washington Redskins, as well as its predecessors the Boston Braves (1932) and Boston Redskins (1933-1936), in the National Football League (NFL). It includes players that have played at least five games in the NFL regular season. [a] The Washington Redskins franchise was founded in Boston, Massachusetts as the Boston Braves, named after the local baseball franchise. The name was changed the next year to the Redskins. In 1937, the franchise moved to Washington, D.C. The Redskins have played over 1,000 games. In those games, the club won five professional American football championships including two NFL Championships and three Super Bowls. The franchise captured ten NFL divisional titles and six NFL conference championships. Overall, the Redskins have had a total of 23 players and coaches (17 primary, six minor)[b] inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Many Redskins players have also had successful college football careers, including six who were Heisman Trophy winners: Gary Beban, Desmond Howard, Vic Janowicz, George Rogers, Danny Wuerffel, and Robert Griffin III. In addition, the Heisman Trophy sculpture was modeled after Ed Smith in 1934, who became a Redskins player in 1936. Several former players have become head coach of the Redskins, including Turk Edwards, Dick Todd, and Jack Pardee.'}
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How long does it take to drive from Boston to the university attended by Alfred Fincher ?
90 minutes
04b3437d01b82ab1
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_Rochelle,_New_York', 'title': 'National Register of Historic Places listings in New Rochelle, New York', 'header': ['', 'Name on the Register', 'Date listed', 'Location', 'City or town'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Davenport House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Davenport_House_(New_Rochelle,_New_York)', 'summary': 'The Davenport House , also known as Sans-Souci , is an 1859 residence in New Rochelle , New York , designed by architect Alexander Jackson Davis in the Gothic Revival style . The architecturally significant cottage and its compatible architect-designed additions represent a rare assemblage of mid-19th through early 20th century American residential design . :5 The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 .'}]}, {'value': 'April 30 , 1980 ( # 80002791 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '157 Davenport Rd . 40°54′05″N 73°46′17″W / 40.901389°N 73.771389°W / 40.901389 ; -73.771389 ( Davenport House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Rochelle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Rochelle,_New_York', 'summary': "New Rochelle /rəˈʃɛl/ is a city in Westchester County , New York , United States , in the southeastern portion of the state . In 2007 , the city had a population of 73,260 , making it the seventh-largest in the state of New York . As of the 2010 Census , the city 's population had increased to 77,062 . In November 2008 Business Week magazine listed New Rochelle as the best city in New York State , and one of the best places nationally , to raise children . In 2014 , based on analysis of 550 U.S. cities , New Rochelle was voted the 13th best city to live in ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First Presbyterian Church and Lewis Pintard House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Presbyterian_Church_and_Lewis_Pintard_House', 'summary': "The First Presbyterian Church and Lewis Pintard House is a pair of adjacent historic buildings in downtown New Rochelle , New York , United States . The church and its adjoining manse , the Pintard House , are on a 3-acre ( 1.2 ha ) lot . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 . The First Presbyterian Church had its origins as the French Church formed by New Rochelle 's early Huguenot settlers . The church is a Colonial revival structure with granite quoins , designed by John Russell Pope , architect of the Jefferson Memorial . Completed in 1929 , it replaced the congregation 's first church , which had been destroyed by fire . Adjacent to the church building is the Pintard House , one of New Rochelle 's oldest remaining houses . It was constructed in part by Alexander Allaire sometime before 1710 . In 1765 it became the home of a prominent New York City merchant named Pierre Vallade who came to New Rochelle on his retirement . After Vallade died in 1770 , his widow married Lewis Pintard , whose name came to be associated with the house . Pintard was a local merchant and Revolutionary War patriot who was appointed by the Continental Congress to provide assistance to American prisoners held in the City of New York during British control . The Pintard House was moved to its current location in 1928 ."}]}, {'value': 'September 7 , 1979 ( # 79001648 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pintard Ave. 40°54′16″N 73°47′07″W / 40.904444°N 73.785278°W / 40.904444 ; -73.785278 ( First Presbyterian Church and Lewis Pintard House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Rochelle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Rochelle,_New_York', 'summary': "New Rochelle /rəˈʃɛl/ is a city in Westchester County , New York , United States , in the southeastern portion of the state . In 2007 , the city had a population of 73,260 , making it the seventh-largest in the state of New York . As of the 2010 Census , the city 's population had increased to 77,062 . In November 2008 Business Week magazine listed New Rochelle as the best city in New York State , and one of the best places nationally , to raise children . In 2014 , based on analysis of 550 U.S. cities , New Rochelle was voted the 13th best city to live in ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Knickerbocker Press Building', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Knickerbocker_Press_Building', 'summary': 'The Knickerbocker Building is an eclectic , Dutch Colonial Revival industrial building located at 50-52 Webster Avenue in the city of New Rochelle , Westchester County , New York .'}]}, {'value': 'May 11 , 2000 ( # 00000487 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '50-52 Webster Ave. 40°54′17″N 73°47′29″W / 40.904722°N 73.791389°W / 40.904722 ; -73.791389 ( Knickerbocker Press Building )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Rochelle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Rochelle,_New_York', 'summary': "New Rochelle /rəˈʃɛl/ is a city in Westchester County , New York , United States , in the southeastern portion of the state . In 2007 , the city had a population of 73,260 , making it the seventh-largest in the state of New York . As of the 2010 Census , the city 's population had increased to 77,062 . In November 2008 Business Week magazine listed New Rochelle as the best city in New York State , and one of the best places nationally , to raise children . In 2014 , based on analysis of 550 U.S. cities , New Rochelle was voted the 13th best city to live in ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leland Castle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leland_Castle', 'summary': 'Leland Castle ( also known as Castle View ) is a building in New Rochelle , New York . It was constructed during the years in 1855 - 1859 in the Gothic revival style , and was the country residence of Simeon Leland , a wealthy New York City hotel proprietor . Leland began to assemble an estate as early as 1848 , and in 1855 began the erection of this palatial sixty room mansion . The home was designed by New York City architect William Thomas Beers . A north and south wing were added to the castle in 1899 and 1902 respectively . Leland Castle and the surrounding property have since been incorporated as part of the campus of the College of New Rochelle . The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976 and the New York State Register in 1980 .'}]}, {'value': 'August 27 , 1976 ( # 76001291 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '29 Castle Pl . 40°53′52″N 73°46′53″W / 40.897778°N 73.781389°W / 40.897778 ; -73.781389 ( Leland Castle )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Rochelle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Rochelle,_New_York', 'summary': "New Rochelle /rəˈʃɛl/ is a city in Westchester County , New York , United States , in the southeastern portion of the state . In 2007 , the city had a population of 73,260 , making it the seventh-largest in the state of New York . As of the 2010 Census , the city 's population had increased to 77,062 . In November 2008 Business Week magazine listed New Rochelle as the best city in New York State , and one of the best places nationally , to raise children . In 2014 , based on analysis of 550 U.S. cities , New Rochelle was voted the 13th best city to live in ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lispenard-Rodman-Davenport House', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lispenard-Rodman-Davenport_House', 'summary': 'The Lispenard-Rodman-Davenport House is a historic residence dating back to the early 18th century located on the Davenport Neck peninsula in New Rochelle , New York . The house is the oldest residential structure in New Rochelle . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 .'}]}, {'value': 'September 22 , 1986 ( # 86002637 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '180 Davenport Ave. 40°54′04″N 73°46′17″W / 40.901111°N 73.771389°W / 40.901111 ; -73.771389 ( Lispenard-Rodman-Davenport House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Rochelle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Rochelle,_New_York', 'summary': "New Rochelle /rəˈʃɛl/ is a city in Westchester County , New York , United States , in the southeastern portion of the state . In 2007 , the city had a population of 73,260 , making it the seventh-largest in the state of New York . As of the 2010 Census , the city 's population had increased to 77,062 . In November 2008 Business Week magazine listed New Rochelle as the best city in New York State , and one of the best places nationally , to raise children . In 2014 , based on analysis of 550 U.S. cities , New Rochelle was voted the 13th best city to live in ."}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Rochelle Railroad Station', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Rochelle_Railroad_Station', 'summary': "The New Rochelle station is a Metro-North Railroad and Amtrak train station located in New Rochelle , New York . The station serves Metro-North 's New Haven Line and Amtrak 's Northeast Regional ; Bee-Line Bus System buses serve a bus stop just outside the station . As of August 2006 , weekday commuter ridership was 4,020 , and there are 1,381 parking spots . It is the busiest New Haven Line station in Westchester County . On October 14 , 2009 , it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The NRHP listing is limited to the historic station building and just the land underneath its roofline , as the pedestrian bridge elevators , track and other associated structure is all much newer and lack historical merit . The building was built in 1887 for the New York , New Haven , and Hartford Railroad . The architect of the building is unknown ; it was built by George O. Hawes , a local builder . The building was remodeled in 1931 ."}]}, {'value': 'October 14 , 2009 ( # 09000837 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Between N. Ave. and Memorial Hwy . 40°54′44″N 73°47′06″W / 40.912317°N 73.784936°W / 40.912317 ; -73.784936 ( New Rochelle Railroad Station )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Rochelle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Rochelle,_New_York', 'summary': "New Rochelle /rəˈʃɛl/ is a city in Westchester County , New York , United States , in the southeastern portion of the state . In 2007 , the city had a population of 73,260 , making it the seventh-largest in the state of New York . As of the 2010 Census , the city 's population had increased to 77,062 . In November 2008 Business Week magazine listed New Rochelle as the best city in New York State , and one of the best places nationally , to raise children . In 2014 , based on analysis of 550 U.S. cities , New Rochelle was voted the 13th best city to live in ."}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thomas Paine Cottage', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_Paine_Cottage', 'summary': 'The Thomas Paine Cottage in New Rochelle , New York , in the United States , was the home from 1802 to 1806 of Thomas Paine , author of Common Sense and Revolutionary War hero . Paine was buried near the cottage from his death in 1809 until his body was disinterred in 1819 . It was one of a number of buildings located on the 300 acre farm given to Paine by the State of New York in 1784 , in recognition of his services in the cause of Independence . It was here in August 1805 that he wrote his last pamphlet , which was addressed to the citizens of Philadelphia on Constitutional Reform . The cottage has been owned by the Huguenot and New Rochelle Historical Association and has been operated as a historic house museum since 1910 . The cottage is open to the public most Fridays , Saturdays and Sundays 10-5 p.m . There are numerous weekend events scheduled at the cottage throughout the year including their Colonial Fair in the spring and Colonial Tavern night during ArtsFest in October and a Toys for Tots drive in December . The cottage hosts many local school field trips .'}]}, {'value': 'November 28 , 1972 ( # 72000920 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20 Sicard Ave. 40°56′01″N 73°47′29″W / 40.933611°N 73.791389°W / 40.933611 ; -73.791389 ( Thomas Paine Cottage )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Rochelle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Rochelle,_New_York', 'summary': "New Rochelle /rəˈʃɛl/ is a city in Westchester County , New York , United States , in the southeastern portion of the state . In 2007 , the city had a population of 73,260 , making it the seventh-largest in the state of New York . As of the 2010 Census , the city 's population had increased to 77,062 . In November 2008 Business Week magazine listed New Rochelle as the best city in New York State , and one of the best places nationally , to raise children . In 2014 , based on analysis of 550 U.S. cities , New Rochelle was voted the 13th best city to live in ."}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pioneer Building', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pioneer_Building_(New_Rochelle,_New_York)', 'summary': 'The Pioneer Building is a late nineteenth century commercial/office structure located on Lawton Street in the Downtown business district of the City of New Rochelle in Westchester County , New York . The building is a good example of Neo-Italian Renaissance commercial style and represents an important aspect in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century history of New Rochelle . John New & Son , the New Rochelle builder responsible for its construction , is credited with its design . The Pioneer Building is considered significant , partly because other historic buildings that once surrounded it have been demolished and replaced by newer construction . It was added to the Westchester County Inventory of Historic Places on January 5 , 1988 , to the New York State Register of Historic Places on November 23 , 1983 , and to the National Register of Historic Places on December 29 , 1983 .'}]}, {'value': 'December 29 , 1983 ( # 83004217 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14 Lawton St. 40°54′36″N 73°46′56″W / 40.91°N 73.782222°W / 40.91 ; -73.782222 ( Pioneer Building )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Rochelle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Rochelle,_New_York', 'summary': "New Rochelle /rəˈʃɛl/ is a city in Westchester County , New York , United States , in the southeastern portion of the state . In 2007 , the city had a population of 73,260 , making it the seventh-largest in the state of New York . As of the 2010 Census , the city 's population had increased to 77,062 . In November 2008 Business Week magazine listed New Rochelle as the best city in New York State , and one of the best places nationally , to raise children . In 2014 , based on analysis of 550 U.S. cities , New Rochelle was voted the 13th best city to live in ."}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rochelle Park-Rochelle Heights Historic District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rochelle_Park-Rochelle_Heights_Historic_District', 'summary': 'The Rochelle Park-Rochelle Heights Historic District is a historic residential district located in the city of New Rochelle in Westchester , New York . The district is historically and architecturally significant as an intact and distinctive example of residential park development at the turn of the Twentieth Century . It includes the historic Rochelle Park development , and the later Rochelle Heights subdivision . Within the district are 555 contributing properties , including 513 buildings , 38 structures , and 4 sites . Only 24 buildings and 1 site separately identified within its area are non-contributing . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places ( NRHP ) on July 6 , 2005 . The two neighborhoods , combined into one historic district in 1986 , reflect the history of suburban design from 1885 when the phenomenon first took hold in Westchester , the first large suburban area in the world to develop , to the 1920s when the automobile and Progressive Era ideas of planning and architecture were coming into favor . The landscape and house architecture of the area remains remarkably intact and provide valuable information about the range of innovative planning principles that were applied there .'}]}, {'value': 'July 6 , 2005 ( # 05000664 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Circle , The Boulevard , The Serpentine , Hamilton Ave. and others 40°55′29″N 73°46′50″W / 40.924722°N 73.780556°W / 40.924722 ; -73.780556 ( Rochelle Park-Rochelle Heights Historic District )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Rochelle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Rochelle,_New_York', 'summary': "New Rochelle /rəˈʃɛl/ is a city in Westchester County , New York , United States , in the southeastern portion of the state . In 2007 , the city had a population of 73,260 , making it the seventh-largest in the state of New York . As of the 2010 Census , the city 's population had increased to 77,062 . In November 2008 Business Week magazine listed New Rochelle as the best city in New York State , and one of the best places nationally , to raise children . In 2014 , based on analysis of 550 U.S. cities , New Rochelle was voted the 13th best city to live in ."}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Trinity-St. Paul 's Episcopal Church", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Trinity-St._Paul's_Episcopal_Church_(New_Rochelle,_New_York)", 'summary': "Trinity-St. Paul 's Episcopal Church in New Rochelle in Westchester County , New York was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2006 . It is located at the northwest corner of Huguenot Street ( also known as the Boston Post Road ) and Division Street . This church represents the body of the majority group of New Rochelle 's founding Huguenot French Calvinistic congregation that conformed to the liturgy of the established Church of England in June 1709 . King George III gave Trinity its first charter in 1762 . After the American Revolutionary War , Trinity became a parish of the Protestant Episcopal Church of America . The present building is the third church erected by the conformist congregation . It is the immediate successor of a wooden church building erected in 1823 - 1824 . It stands on land that was conveyed to the church wardens by Aman Guion in 1743 . The cornerstone was laid on August 13 , 1862 , the church was opened for worship September 13 , 1863 , and the tower completed November 30 , 1864 . The church was designed by Richard Upjohn & Son , known for their gothic revival architecture . A parish house was added on the western side of the church in 1892 . Constructed of the same granite and brownstone materials as the church , the structure was designed by architect F. Carlos Merry , who also designed the New Rochelle Trust building on Main Street ."}]}, {'value': 'July 12 , 2006 ( # 06000576 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': "311 Huguenot St. 40°54′41″N 73°47′05″W / 40.911389°N 73.784722°W / 40.911389 ; -73.784722 ( Trinity-St. Paul 's Episcopal Church )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Rochelle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Rochelle,_New_York', 'summary': "New Rochelle /rəˈʃɛl/ is a city in Westchester County , New York , United States , in the southeastern portion of the state . In 2007 , the city had a population of 73,260 , making it the seventh-largest in the state of New York . As of the 2010 Census , the city 's population had increased to 77,062 . In November 2008 Business Week magazine listed New Rochelle as the best city in New York State , and one of the best places nationally , to raise children . In 2014 , based on analysis of 550 U.S. cities , New Rochelle was voted the 13th best city to live in ."}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'US Post Office-New Rochelle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US_Post_Office-New_Rochelle', 'summary': 'The main U.S. Post Office in New Rochelle ( also known as New Rochelle Post Office ) is located at 255 North Avenue , at the intersection of North Avenue and Huguenot St. ( US 1/the Boston Post Road South ) , in the city of New Rochelle in Westchester County , New York . The facility currently serves the 10801 , 10803 and 10805 ZIP Codes , covering portions of New Rochelle and neighboring Pelham and Pelham Manor . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989 as part of a Multiple Property Submission . It is one of 94 post offices in New York State that received artistic embellishment , either mural or sculpture , during the Depression through the New Deal art program .'}]}, {'value': 'May 11 , 1989 ( # 88002368 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '255 North Ave. 40°54′41″N 73°46′56″W / 40.911389°N 73.782222°W / 40.911389 ; -73.782222 ( US Post Office-New Rochelle )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Rochelle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Rochelle,_New_York', 'summary': "New Rochelle /rəˈʃɛl/ is a city in Westchester County , New York , United States , in the southeastern portion of the state . In 2007 , the city had a population of 73,260 , making it the seventh-largest in the state of New York . As of the 2010 Census , the city 's population had increased to 77,062 . In November 2008 Business Week magazine listed New Rochelle as the best city in New York State , and one of the best places nationally , to raise children . In 2014 , based on analysis of 550 U.S. cities , New Rochelle was voted the 13th best city to live in ."}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wildcliff', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wildcliff', 'summary': 'Wildcliff , also referred to as the Cyrus Lawton House , was a historic residence overlooking Long Island Sound in New Rochelle in Westchester County , New York . This 20-room cottage-villa , built in about 1852 , was designed by prominent architect Alexander Jackson Davis in the Gothic Revival style . The home was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 31 , 2002 . The unoccupied mansion was destroyed by a suspicious fire on the evening of November 26 , 2018 . The house was a total loss . On December 12 , 2018 four 13-year old , middle school boys ( all local , New Rochelle residents ) were arrested and charged in connection with the fire . All were charged as juveniles with misdemeanor third-degree criminal trespass , while one faces a felony charge of fourth-degree arson .'}]}, {'value': 'December 31 , 2002 ( # 02001656 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '42 Wildcliff Rd . 40°54′23″N 73°46′12″W / 40.906389°N 73.77°W / 40.906389 ; -73.77 ( Wildcliff )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Rochelle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Rochelle,_New_York', 'summary': "New Rochelle /rəˈʃɛl/ is a city in Westchester County , New York , United States , in the southeastern portion of the state . In 2007 , the city had a population of 73,260 , making it the seventh-largest in the state of New York . As of the 2010 Census , the city 's population had increased to 77,062 . In November 2008 Business Week magazine listed New Rochelle as the best city in New York State , and one of the best places nationally , to raise children . In 2014 , based on analysis of 550 U.S. cities , New Rochelle was voted the 13th best city to live in ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Current listings', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_New_Rochelle,_New_York_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places entries in New Rochelle, New York. See also National Register of Historic Places listings in Westchester County, New York for all others in the county.'}
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What is the date listed of the historic place that is historically and architecturally significant as an intact and distinctive example of residential park development at the turn of the Twentieth Century ?
# 05000664
04b4fa26573fdd1a
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6th_United_States_Congress', 'title': '6th United States Congress', 'header': ['State ( class )', 'Vacator', 'Reason for change', 'Successor', "Date of successor 's formal installation"], 'data': [{'value': 'Virginia ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Virginia', 'summary': "Virginia has sent senators to the U.S. Senate since 1789 . Its Senate seats were declared vacant in March 1861 , due to its secession from the Union , but Senators representing its western counties continued to sit until March 1863 . Virginia 's Senate seats were again filled from January 1870 . Virginia 's current Senators are Democrats Mark Warner and Tim Kaine ."}]}, {'value': 'Vacant', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Henry Tazewell ( DR ) died before the beginning of this Congress', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henry_Tazewell', 'summary': 'Henry Tazewell ( November 27 , 1753 - January 24 , 1799 ) was an American politician who was instrumental in the early government of the U.S. state of Virginia , and a United States Senator from Virginia .'}]}, {'value': 'Wilson C. Nicholas ( DR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wilson_Cary_Nicholas', 'summary': 'Wilson Cary Nicholas ( January 31 , 1761 - October 10 , 1820 ) was an American politician who served in the U.S. Senate from 1799 to 1804 and was the 19th Governor of Virginia from 1814 to 1816 .'}]}, {'value': 'Elected December 5 , 1799', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New York ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_New_York', 'summary': "Below is a list of U.S. senators who have represented the State of New York in the United States Senate since 1789 . The date of the start of the tenure is either the first day of the legislative term ( Senators who were elected regularly before the term began ) , or the day when they took the seat ( U.S. senators who were elected in special elections to fill vacancies , or after the term began ) . New York 's current U.S. senators are Democrats Chuck Schumer ( serving since 1999 , also serving as Senate Minority Leader since 2017 ) and Kirsten Gillibrand ( serving since 2009 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'James Watson ( F )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Watson_(New_York)', 'summary': 'James Watson ( April 6 , 1750 - May 15 , 1806 ) was a United States Senator representing the state of New York .'}]}, {'value': 'Resigned March 19 , 1800', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gouverneur Morris ( F )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gouverneur_Morris', 'summary': "Gouverneur Morris ( January 30 , 1752 - November 6 , 1816 ) was an American statesman , a Founding Father of the United States , and a signatory to the Articles of Confederation and the United States Constitution . He wrote the Preamble to the United States Constitution and has been called the Penman of the Constitution . In an era when most Americans thought of themselves as citizens of their respective states , Morris advanced the idea of being a citizen of a single union of states . He represented New York in the United States Senate from 1800 to 1803 . Morris was born into a wealthy landowning family in what is now New York City . After attending King 's College ( now Columbia ) , he studied law under Judge William Smith and earned admission to the bar . He was elected to the New York Provincial Congress before serving in the Continental Congress . After losing re-election to Congress , he moved to Philadelphia and became the assistant U.S. superintendent of finance . He represented Pennsylvania at the 1787 Constitutional Convention , where he advocated a strong central government . He served on the committee that wrote the final draft of the United States Constitution . After the ratification of the Constitution , Morris served as Minister Plenipotentiary to France . He criticized the French Revolution and the execution of Marie Antoinette ."}]}, {'value': 'Elected April 3 , 1800', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Massachusetts ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Massachusetts', 'summary': "Below is a chronological listing of the United States senators from Massachusetts . According to the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution adopted in 1913 , U.S. senators are popularly elected for a six-year term . Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1 and terms begin on January 3 , about two months after the vote . Before 1914 and the enforcement of the Seventeenth Amendment , the state 's U.S. senators were chosen by the Massachusetts General Court , and before 1935 , their terms began March 4 . The current senators are Democrats Elizabeth Warren and Ed Markey ."}]}, {'value': 'Samuel Dexter ( F )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samuel_Dexter', 'summary': 'Samuel Dexter ( May 14 , 1761 - May 4 , 1816 ) was an early American statesman who served both in Congress and in the Presidential Cabinets of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson .'}]}, {'value': 'Resigned May 30 , 1800', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dwight Foster ( F )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dwight_Foster_(1757–1823)', 'summary': 'Dwight Foster ( December 7 , 1757 - April 29 , 1823 ) was an American lawyer and politician from Massachusetts . He served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives , the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate .'}]}, {'value': 'Elected June 6 , 1800', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New York ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_New_York', 'summary': "Below is a list of U.S. senators who have represented the State of New York in the United States Senate since 1789 . The date of the start of the tenure is either the first day of the legislative term ( Senators who were elected regularly before the term began ) , or the day when they took the seat ( U.S. senators who were elected in special elections to fill vacancies , or after the term began ) . New York 's current U.S. senators are Democrats Chuck Schumer ( serving since 1999 , also serving as Senate Minority Leader since 2017 ) and Kirsten Gillibrand ( serving since 2009 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'John Laurance ( F )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Laurance', 'summary': 'John Laurance ( sometimes spelled Lawrence or Laurence ) ( 1750 - November 11 , 1810 ) was a delegate to the 6th , 7th and 8th Congresses of the Confederation , a United States Representative and United States Senator from New York and a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of New York .'}]}, {'value': 'Resigned sometime in August , 1800', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Armstrong ( DR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Armstrong_Jr.', 'summary': 'John Armstrong Jr. ( November 25 , 1758 - April 1 , 1843 ) was an American soldier and statesman who was a delegate to the Continental Congress , U.S . Senator from New York , and Secretary of War .'}]}, {'value': 'Elected November 6 , 1800', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Massachusetts ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Massachusetts', 'summary': "Below is a chronological listing of the United States senators from Massachusetts . According to the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution adopted in 1913 , U.S. senators are popularly elected for a six-year term . Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1 and terms begin on January 3 , about two months after the vote . Before 1914 and the enforcement of the Seventeenth Amendment , the state 's U.S. senators were chosen by the Massachusetts General Court , and before 1935 , their terms began March 4 . The current senators are Democrats Elizabeth Warren and Ed Markey ."}]}, {'value': 'Benjamin Goodhue ( F )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Benjamin_Goodhue', 'summary': 'Benjamin Goodhue ( September 20 , 1748 - July 28 , 1814 ) was a Representative and a Senator from Massachusetts . He supported the Patriot during the American Revolution , and was a strong member of the Federalist Party . He was described by contemporaries as a leading member of the so-called Essex Junto , a group of Massachusetts Federalists , most of whom were from Essex County .'}]}, {'value': 'Resigned November 8 , 1800', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jonathan Mason ( F )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jonathan_Mason_(politician)', 'summary': 'Jonathan Mason ( September 12 , 1756 - November 1 , 1831 ) was a Federalist United States Senator and Representative from Massachusetts during the early years of the United States . Mason was born in Boston , Massachusetts . He attended Boston Latin School the College of New Jersey ( now Princeton University ) , graduating in 1774 . After studying law , he was admitted to the bar in 1779 . On April 13 , 1779 , Mason married Susannah Powell ( 1761-1836 ) . They had seven children - five daughters and two sons :'}]}, {'value': 'Elected November 14 , 1800', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maryland ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Maryland', 'summary': "This is a list of United States senators from Maryland , which ratified the United States Constitution April 28 , 1788 , becoming the seventh state to do so . To provide for continuity of government , the framers divided Senators into staggered classes that serve six-year terms , and Maryland 's Senators are in the first and third classes . Before the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1913 , which allowed for direct election of Senators , Maryland 's Senators were chosen by the Maryland General Assembly . Until the assembly appointed George L. Wellington of Cumberland in 1897 , Senators in class 3 were chosen from the Eastern Shore while Senators in class 1 were chosen from the remainder of the state ."}]}, {'value': 'James Lloyd ( F )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Lloyd_(Maryland)', 'summary': "James Lloyd ( 1745-September 20 , 1830 ) was an American politician . Lloyd as born at Farley ( now Fairlee ) near Chestertown , Maryland . He pursued classical studies and studied law , was admitted to the bar , and commenced practice . He was commissioned second lieutenant in the Kent County militia in 1776 and served during the American Revolutionary War . He was a general in the War of 1812 and he freed captive Francis Scott Key from Fort McHenry . Lloyd was elected as a Federalist to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John Henry and served from December 8 , 1797 until December 1 , 1800 , when he resigned . On June 27 , 1798 , Lloyd introduced the Sedition Act of 1798 , a part of the Alien and Sedition Acts . He engaged in the practice of law afterwards . James Lloyd died at Ratclift Manor , near Easton , Maryland on September 20 , 1830 . He was interred at Clover Fields , the estate of his daughter in Queen Anne 's County , Maryland ."}]}, {'value': 'Resigned December 1 , 1800', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'William Hindman ( F )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Hindman', 'summary': 'William Hindman ( April 1 , 1743 - January 19 , 1822 ) was an American lawyer and statesman from Talbot County , Maryland . He represented Maryland in the Continental Congress , and in the federal Congress as both a Representative from the second and seventh districts , and as a U.S . Senator . William was born in Dorchester County , Maryland , the second son of Jacob Hindman ( 1713-1766 ) and Mary Trippe Hindman ( died 1782 ) . Jacob was a plantation owner from Talbot county who served as sheriff of Talbot County from 1745 to 1748 , and as a member of the colonial Assembly . William studied law at the Inns of Court in London , returning to Maryland in 1765 . He was admitted to the bar , and practiced law in Talbot County . From 1775 and 1777 , Hindman served in Marylands revolutionary government , as the states Treasurer for the Eastern Shore . He resigned this post when he was elected to the state Senate in 1777 . He was re-elected several times , and served until 1784 . Maryland sent him as a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1785 and 1786 . Hindman returned to Maryland and served on the governors executive council from 1789 to 1792 .'}]}, {'value': 'Elected December 12 , 1800', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New Jersey ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_New_Jersey', 'summary': "This is a chronological listing of the United States senators from New Jersey . Since the enforcement of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution , U.S. senators are popularly elected for a six-year term beginning January 3 . Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1 . Before 1914 , they were chosen by the New Jersey Legislature , and before 1935 , their terms began March 4 . The state 's current Senators are Democrats Bob Menendez ( serving since 2006 ) and Cory Booker ( serving since 2013 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'James Schureman ( F )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Schureman', 'summary': 'James Schureman ( February 12 , 1756 - January 22 , 1824 ) was an American merchant and statesman from New Brunswick , New Jersey . He represented New Jersey in the Continental Congress as well as the United States House of Representatives and United States Senate .'}]}, {'value': 'Resigned February 16 , 1801', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aaron Ogden ( F )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aaron_Ogden', 'summary': 'Aaron Ogden ( December 3 , 1756 - April 19 , 1839 ) was an American soldier , lawyer , United States Senator and the fifth Governor of New Jersey . Ogden is perhaps best known today as the defendant in Gibbons v. Ogden which destroyed the monopoly power of steamboats on the Hudson River in 1824 .'}]}, {'value': 'Elected February 28 , 1801', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Delaware ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Delaware', 'summary': "Below is a chronological listing of the United States senators from Delaware . U.S. senators were originally elected by the Delaware General Assembly for designated six-year terms beginning March 4 . Frequently portions of the term would remain only upon a U.S. senator 's death or resignation . From 1914 and the enforcement of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution , adopted in 1913 , officeholders were popularly elected on the first Tuesday after November 1 ; starting 1935 , the beginning of their term is January 3 . Delaware 's current U.S. senators are Democrats Tom Carper ( serving since 2001 ) and Chris Coons ( serving since 2010 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Henry Latimer ( F )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henry_Latimer_(senator)', 'summary': 'Dr. Henry Latimer ( April 24 , 1752 - December 19 , 1819 ) was an American physician and politician from Newport , Delaware . He was elected to the Continental Congress from Delaware , and was a member of the Federalist Party , who served in the Delaware General Assembly , as U.S. Representative from Delaware , and U.S . Senator from Delaware .'}]}, {'value': 'Resigned February 28 , 1801', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Samuel White ( F )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samuel_White_(U.S._politician)', 'summary': 'Samuel White ( December 1770 - November 4 , 1809 ) was an American lawyer and politician from Wilmington , in New Castle County , Delaware . He was a member of the Federalist Party , who served as U.S . Senator from Delaware .'}]}, {'value': 'Appointed February 28 , 1801', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Changes in membership -- Senate', 'section_text': 'There were 7 resignations and 1 vacancy at the beginning of Congress . The Federalists had a 1-seat net loss and the Democratic-Republicans had a 2-seat net gain . See also : List of special elections to the United States Senate', 'uid': '6th_United_States_Congress_0', 'intro': "The Sixth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met at Congress Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1799, to March 4, 1801, during the last two years of John Adams's presidency. It was the last Congress of the 18th century and the first to convene in the 19th. The apportionment of seats in House of Representatives was based on the First Census of the United States in 1790. Both chambers had a Federalist majority. This was the last Congress in which the Federalist Party controlled the presidency or either chamber of Congress."}
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who is the successor of the vacator born Sept 20 , 1748 ?
Jonathan Mason
04b7ee7ddf6bcbfa
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_fastest-selling_albums', 'title': 'Lists of fastest-selling albums', 'header': ['Rank', 'Year', 'Title', 'Artist', 'Sales'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': '25', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/25_(Adele_album)', 'summary': "25 is the third studio album by English singer-songwriter Adele , released on 20 November 2015 by XL Recordings and Columbia Records . Issued nearly five years after her previous album , the internationally successful 21 ( 2011 ) , the album is titled as a reflection of her life and frame of mind at 25 years old and is termed a make-up record . Its lyrical content features themes of Adele yearning for her old self , her nostalgia , and melancholia about the passage of time according to an interview with the singer by Rolling Stone , as well as themes of motherhood and regret . In contrast to Adele 's previous works , the production of 25 incorporated the use of electronic elements and creative rhythmic patterns , with elements of 1980s R & B and organs . Like when recording 21 , Adele worked with producer and songwriter Paul Epworth and Ryan Tedder , along with new collaborations with Max Martin and Shellback , Greg Kurstin , Danger Mouse , the Smeezingtons , Samuel Dixon , and Tobias Jesso Jr . Upon its release , 25 received generally positive reviews from critics , who commended Adele 's vocal performance and the album 's production . It was a massive commercial success , debuting at number one in 32 countries and breaking first-week sales records in multiple countries , including the United Kingdom and United States . In the US , the album sold over 3.38 million copies in its first week of sales , marking the largest single-week sales for an album since Nielsen SoundScan began tracking point-of-sale music purchases in 1991 . 25 eventually became the world 's best-selling album of the year for 2015 , with 17.4 million copies sold within the year , and has gone on to sell over 22 million copies worldwide , making it one of the best-selling albums of all time , and the sixth-best selling album of the 21st century . Following 21 , it was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , denoting equivalent sales of 10 million copies in the US , making Adele the only artist of the 2010s to achieve this certification with two albums . Globally , 25 was the biggest-selling music release in 2015 and 2016 , with many journalists crediting it with impacting the music industry by encouraging a renewed interest in buying physical releases rather than downloading or streaming ; much like 21 , it was also credited for saving the dwindling sales of the UK and US music industry . 25 received the BRIT Award for British Album of the Year , while its lead single Hello won British Single of the Year at the 2016 Brit Awards ."}]}, {'value': 'Adele', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adele', 'summary': "Adele Laurie Blue Adkins MBE ( /əˈdɛl/ ; born 5 May 1988 ) is an English singer-songwriter . After graduating from the BRIT School in 2006 , Adele signed a recording contract with XL Recordings . In 2007 , she received the Brit Awards Critics ' Choice Award and won the BBC Sound of 2008 poll . Her debut album , 19 , was released in 2008 to commercial and critical success . It is certified eight times platinum in the UK , and three times platinum in the US . The album contains her first song , Hometown Glory , written when she was 16 , which is based on her home suburb of West Norwood in London . An appearance she made on Saturday Night Live in late 2008 boosted her career in the US . At the 51st Grammy Awards in 2009 , Adele received the awards for Best New Artist and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance . Adele released her second studio album , 21 , in 2011 . The album was critically well received and surpassed the success of her debut , earning numerous awards in 2012 , among them a record-tying six Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year ; two Brit Awards , including British Album of the Year ; and three American Music Awards , including Favorite Pop/Rock Album . The album has been certified 17 times platinum in the UK , and is overall the fourth best-selling album in the nation . In the US , it has held the top position longer than any album since 1985 , and is certified diamond ."}]}, {'value': '305,928', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Let 's Talk About Love", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Let's_Talk_About_Love", 'summary': "Let 's Talk About Love is the fifth English-language studio album by Canadian singer Celine Dion , released on 14 November 1997 by Columbia/Epic Records . The follow-up to her commercially successful album Falling into You ( 1996 ) , Let 's Talk About Love showed a further progression of Dion 's music . Throughout the project , she collaborated with Barbra Streisand , the Bee Gees , Luciano Pavarotti , Carole King , George Martin , Diana King , Brownstone , Corey Hart and her previous producers : David Foster , Ric Wake , Walter Afanasieff , Humberto Gatica and Jim Steinman . Let 's Talk About Love includes Dion 's biggest hit , My Heart Will Go On . Written by James Horner and Will Jennings , and serving as the love theme for James Cameron 's blockbuster film Titanic , My Heart Will Go On topped the charts around the world , and has become Dion 's signature song . Let 's Talk About Love and its songs won many awards around the world . My Heart Will Go On won the Grammy Award for Record of the Year , Best Female Pop Vocal Performance , Song of the Year and Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television . Let 's Talk About Love was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Pop Vocal Album and Tell Him for the Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals . Let 's Talk About Love became one of the best-selling albums in history , with sales of over 31 million copies worldwide . It topped the charts around the world , including number one in the United States , Canada , United Kingdom , France , Australia and many more . It became one of the best-selling albums of 1997 and 1998 in various countries and also one of the top-selling albums of the decade . It was certified Diamond , Multi-Platinum , Platinum and Gold around the world ."}]}, {'value': 'Céline Dion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Céline_Dion', 'summary': "Céline Marie Claudette Dion CC OQ ( /seɪˌliːn diˈɒn/ , also UK : /- ˈdiːɒn/ , French : [ selin maʁi klodɛt djɔ̃ ] , Quebec French : [ - d͡zjɔ̃ ] ; born 30 March 1968 ) is a Canadian singer . Born into a large family from Charlemagne , Quebec , she emerged as a teen star in her homeland with a series of French-language albums during the 1980s . She first gained international recognition by winning both the 1982 Yamaha World Popular Song Festival and the 1988 Eurovision Song Contest , where she represented Switzerland . After learning to speak English , she signed on to Epic Records in the United States . In 1990 , Dion released her debut English-language album , Unison , establishing herself as a viable pop artist in North America and other English-speaking areas of the world . During the 1990s , she achieved worldwide fame after releasing several best-selling English albums , such as Falling into You ( 1996 ) and Let 's Talk About Love ( 1997 ) , which were both certified diamond in the US . She also scored a series of international number-one hits , including The Power of Love , Think Twice , Because You Loved Me , It 's All Coming Back to Me Now , My Heart Will Go On , and I 'm Your Angel . Dion continued releasing French albums between each English record ; D'eux ( 1995 ) became the best-selling French-language album of all time , while S'il suffisait d'aimer ( 1998 ) , Sans attendre ( 2012 ) , and Encore un soir ( 2016 ) , were all certified diamond in France . During the 2000s , she built her reputation as a highly successful live performer with A New Day . in Las Vegas Strip ( 2003-07 ) , which remains the highest-grossing concert residency of all time , as well as the Taking Chances World Tour ( 2008-09 ) , one of the highest-grossing concert tours of all time . Dion 's music has been influenced by genres ranging from rock and R & B to gospel and classical . Her recordings are mainly in French and English , although she also sings in Spanish , Italian , German , Latin , Japanese , and Mandarin Chinese ."}]}, {'value': '230,212', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Millennium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Millennium_(Backstreet_Boys_album)', 'summary': 'Millennium is the third studio album ( second in the US ) by American vocal pop group , the Backstreet Boys , released on May 18 , 1999 by Jive Records . It was a highly anticipated follow-up to both their US debut album , and their second internationally released album . It was their first album to be released in both the US and internationally in the same form , at the same time . In the United States , it holds the record for most shipments in one year , with 11 million in 1999 . It was nominated for five Grammy Awards and spawned four Top 40 singles , including the single I Want It That Way . Three of the singles , I Want It That Way , Larger than Life and Show Me the Meaning of Being Lonely , became some of their most successful and remembered hits of all time , with I Want It That Way becoming their biggest hit to date . Millennium has since become one of the best-selling albums of all time , selling over 24 million copies worldwide . The band promoted the album by the Into the Millennium Tour , which became one of the fastest-grossing tours of all time .'}]}, {'value': 'Backstreet Boys', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Backstreet_Boys', 'summary': "Backstreet Boys ( often abbreviated as BSB ) is an American vocal group , formed in Orlando , Florida in 1993 . The group consists of AJ McLean , Howie Dorough , Nick Carter , Kevin Richardson , and Brian Littrell . The group rose to fame with their debut international album , Backstreet Boys ( 1996 ) . In the following year , they released their second international album Backstreet 's Back ( 1997 ) along with their self-titled U.S. debut album , which continued the group 's success worldwide . They rose to superstardom with their third studio album Millennium ( 1999 ) and its follow-up album , Black & Blue ( 2000 ) . After a two-year hiatus , they regrouped and released a comeback album Never Gone ( 2005 ) . After the conclusion of the Never Gone Tour in 2006 , Richardson left the group to pursue other interests . The group then released two albums as a quartet : Unbreakable ( 2007 ) and This Is Us ( 2009 ) . In 2012 , the group announced that Richardson had rejoined them permanently . In the following year , they celebrated their 20th anniversary and released their first independent album , In a World Like This ( 2013 ) . The Backstreet Boys are one of the few boy bands to have continued success long after their peak . Their 2019 album DNA debuted at number one , more than two decades after the group formed ."}]}, {'value': '191,791', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Star Académie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Star_Académie', 'summary': 'Star Académie is a Canadian reality television series that started in 2003 , aimed primarily at the Quebec television audience , featuring an array of young women and men under the age of 30 competing for the title of the next solo singing sensation . It is the French-Canadian adaptation of the French television show Star Academy produced by Dutch company Endemol , based on the Spanish format called Operación Triunfo . There have been seasons in 2003 , 2004 , 2005 , 2009 , and 2012 . In June 2019 , TVA stated that a reboot for Star Académie is possible . Two months later , the network announced that the reboot is set for early 2021 .'}]}, {'value': 'Star Académie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Star_Académie', 'summary': 'Star Académie is a Canadian reality television series that started in 2003 , aimed primarily at the Quebec television audience , featuring an array of young women and men under the age of 30 competing for the title of the next solo singing sensation . It is the French-Canadian adaptation of the French television show Star Academy produced by Dutch company Endemol , based on the Spanish format called Operación Triunfo . There have been seasons in 2003 , 2004 , 2005 , 2009 , and 2012 . In June 2019 , TVA stated that a reboot for Star Académie is possible . Two months later , the network announced that the reboot is set for early 2021 .'}]}, {'value': '173,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Black & Blue', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Black_&_Blue_(Backstreet_Boys_album)', 'summary': 'Black & Blue is the fourth studio album ( third in the US ) by American boy band Backstreet Boys . It was released on November 21 , 2000 by Jive Records . It is their follow-up album to their 1999 studio release Millennium . The album recorded the best international sales in a week for an album in history by selling over 5 million copies in its first week of sales globally . In the United States , Black & Blue sold 1.5 million copies in its first week of release , making the Backstreet Boys the first group in Soundscan history to have million-plus first-week sales with back-to-back albums . It sold over 15 million copies worldwide . The first single from the album was Shape of My Heart , followed by The Call , and More than That . The band members wrote two songs and co-wrote five songs on this album , a departure from previous albums , which showcased less of their own song-writing . To promote the album , the band embarked on the Black & Blue World Tour in 2001 .'}]}, {'value': 'Backstreet Boys', 'urls': []}, {'value': '156,307', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A New Day Has Come', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A_New_Day_Has_Come', 'summary': "A New Day Has Come is the seventh English-language studio album by Canadian singer Celine Dion , released by Sony Music Entertainment on 22 March 2002 . It was her first new studio album since 1997 's Let 's Talk About Love . Dion returned to the music scene after a two-year hiatus when she gave birth to her first child in 2001 . She collaborated on A New Day Has Come with various producers , including Anders Bagge and Peer Åström for the first time . A New Day Has Come garnered mostly positive reviews from the music critics , who noticed that Dion explores a broader , more adventurous range of pop music and dips its toe into modern music , particularly dance ( Sorry for Love ) . However , the album also contains the usual adult contemporary songs , including power ballads like I Surrender , Have You Ever Been in Love , and the title track . Critics also praised Ten Days , Goodbye 's ( The Saddest Word ) , I 'm Alive , When the Wrong One Loves You Right , The Greatest Reward , and two covers : Nature Boy and At Last . A New Day Has Come became a commercial success throughout the world and entered number one in more than seventeen countries . It has sold 3.3 million units in the United States and was certified three-times Platinum by the RIAA . In Canada , after shipping 600,000 copies , the album was certified six-times Platinum . The IFPI certified it three-times Platinum for selling three million units in Europe . Overall , A New Day Has Come has sold twelve million copies worldwide ."}]}, {'value': 'Céline Dion', 'urls': []}, {'value': '151,600', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Up !', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Up!_(album)', 'summary': 'Up ! is the fourth studio album by Canadian singer Shania Twain . It was released on November 19 , 2002 , by Mercury Nashville . Three versions of the album were released : a pop version ( red disc ) , a country version ( green disc ) , and a version in the style of Indian film music ( blue disc ) ; all three discs contain exactly the same track listing and feature distinctly identifiable picture labels ( for example , Twain sports a cowboy hat on the green country disc . ) In the US , Up ! debuted at No . 1 with sales of 874,000 copies . On September 23 , 2004 , the RIAA certified Up ! at 11× Platinum , giving her the distinction of being the only female artist to have three consecutive Diamond albums released in the United States . The album was promoted with interviews and television performances including the Super Bowl XXXVII . It was further promoted with the successful Up ! Tour , which visited North America and Europe .'}]}, {'value': 'Shania Twain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shania_Twain', 'summary': "Eilleen Regina Edwards , OC ( /ʃəˈnaɪ.ə/ ; born August 28 , 1965 ) , known professionally as Shania Twain , is a Canadian singer , songwriter , actress and television personality . She has sold over 100 million records , making her the best-selling female artist in country music history and among the best-selling music artists of all time . Her success garnered her several honorific titles including the Queen of Country Pop . Raised in Timmins , Ontario , Twain pursued singing and songwriting from a young age before signing with Mercury Nashville Records in the early 1990s . Her self-titled debut studio album saw little commercial success upon release in 1993 . After collaborating with producer and later husband Robert John Mutt Lange , Twain rose to fame with her second studio album , The Woman in Me ( 1995 ) , which brought her widespread success . It sold 20 million copies worldwide , spawned widely successful singles such as Any Man of Mine , and earned her a Grammy Award . Her third studio album , Come On Over ( 1997 ) , became the best-selling studio album of all time by a female act in any genre and the best-selling country album , selling nearly 40 million copies worldwide . Come On Over produced twelve singles , including You 're Still the One , From This Moment On and Man ! I Feel Like a Woman ! , and earned Twain four Grammy Awards . Her fourth studio album , Up ! ( 2002 ) , was also certified Diamond in the United States ."}]}, {'value': '150,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Black Ice', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Black_Ice_(album)', 'summary': "Black Ice is the 15th studio album by Australian hard rock band AC/DC . It was the band 's fourteenth internationally released studio album and the fifteenth in Australia . Released internationally on 20 October 2008 , it was produced by Brendan O'Brien . It marked the band 's first original recordings since 2000 's Stiff Upper Lip , with the eight-year gap being the longest between AC/DC 's successive studio albums . Black Ice has the longest running time of any AC/DC studio album . The album 's development was delayed because bass guitarist Cliff Williams sustained an injury and the band changed labels from Elektra Records to Sony Music Entertainment . The first composing sessions between guitarists/brothers Angus and Malcolm Young were in London in 2003 . Recording happened during March and April 2008 at The Warehouse Studio in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada . O'Brien tried to recapture the rock sound of the band 's early work , as opposed to the blues orientation of Ballbreaker and Stiff Upper Lip , with suggestions such as adding soul crooning to Brian Johnson 's singing . The songs were mostly recorded live in the studio ; engineer Mike Fraser used only sparse overdubs and effects to keep the tracks as close to the originals as possible . Black Ice was released exclusively in physical formats , as the group did not sell its music digitally at the time . Walmart got exclusive rights to distribute the album in North America ."}]}, {'value': 'AC/DC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/AC/DC', 'summary': "AC/DC are an Australian rock band formed in Sydney in 1973 by Scottish-born brothers Malcolm and Angus Young . Their music has been variously described as hard rock , blues rock , and heavy metal ; however , the band themselves describe their music as simply rock and roll . AC/DC underwent several line-up changes before releasing their first album , High Voltage , in 1975 . Membership subsequently stabilised around the Young brothers , singer Bon Scott , drummer Phil Rudd , and bass player Mark Evans . Evans was replaced by Cliff Williams in 1977 for the album Powerage . In February 1980 , a few months after recording the album Highway to Hell , lead singer and co-songwriter Bon Scott died of acute alcohol poisoning . The group considered disbanding but stayed together , bringing in Brian Johnson as replacement for Scott . Later that year , the band released their first album with Johnson , Back in Black , which they dedicated to Scott 's memory . The album launched them to new heights of success and became one of the best selling albums of all time . The band 's next album , For Those About to Rock We Salute You , was their first album to reach number one in the United States . The band fired Phil Rudd as drummer in 1983 , and Simon Wright filled his place until quitting in 1989 , being in turn replaced by Chris Slade . The band experienced a commercial resurgence in the early 1990s with the release of The Razors Edge ."}]}, {'value': '119,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'I Think of You', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gregory_Charles', 'summary': 'Gregory Charles , OC ( born February 12 , 1968 ) is a Quebec performing artist of Trinidadian and French Canadian origin .'}]}, {'value': 'Gregory Charles', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gregory_Charles', 'summary': 'Gregory Charles , OC ( born February 12 , 1968 ) is a Quebec performing artist of Trinidadian and French Canadian origin .'}]}, {'value': '109,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1989_(Taylor_Swift_album)', 'summary': "1989 is the fifth studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift , released on October 27 , 2014 , through Big Machine Records . Following the release of her fourth studio album Red ( 2012 ) , which critics considered Swift 's emergence from her trademark country styles to straightforward pop , Swift sought to completely move away from country . Inspired by 1980s synth-pop , she enlisted a production team whose key figures included herself , Max Martin , Shellback , Ryan Tedder , and Jack Antonoff , who shaped the album 's overall 1980s-styled sonic coherence . Martin and Swift served as the album 's executive producers . Titled after Swift 's birth year , 1989 is a synth-pop record that uses heavy synthesizers , programmed percussion , and processed background vocals . While the album is primarily about reflections on past romantic relationships , Swift 's recurring theme , it presents more mature and wistful perspectives , expressing self-discovery . Critical reaction to 1989 was generally positive ; the pop production polarized reviewers , but Swift 's songwriting received mostly favorable responses . The album was included in the top ten in year-end lists issued by publications including Billboard , Rolling Stone , and Time . It won Album of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Album at the 58th Grammy Awards , making Swift the first female solo artist to win the former category twice . The album debuted atop the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 1.287 million copies , making Swift the first artist to have three million-selling albums within first week of release in the country . It also reached number one in several markets including Australia , Canada , and the UK . 1989 was among the best-selling albums of 2014 and 2015 globally , and has sold 6.2 million copies in the US and 10.1 million copies worldwide ."}]}, {'value': 'Taylor Swift', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taylor_Swift', 'summary': "Taylor Alison Swift ( born December 13 , 1989 ) is an American singer-songwriter . She is known for narrative songs about her personal life , which have received widespread media coverage . At age 14 , Swift became the youngest artist signed by the Sony/ATV Music publishing house and , at age 15 , she signed her first record deal . Her 2006 eponymous debut album was the longest-charting album of the 2000s in the US . Its third single , Our Song , made her the youngest person to single-handedly write and perform a number-one song on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart . Swift 's second album , Fearless , was released in 2008 . Buoyed by the pop crossover success of the singles Love Story and You Belong with Me , it became the US 's best-selling album of 2009 and was certified diamond in the US . The album won four Grammy Awards , and Swift became the youngest Album of the Year winner . Swift was the sole writer of her 2010 album Speak Now , which won two Grammy Awards and was her first to debut with over a million copies sold in the first week in the US . Her fourth album , Red ( 2012 ) , yielded her first Billboard Hot 100 number-one single , We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together . For her fifth album and first all-pop project , 1989 ( 2014 ) , she won three Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year , and became the first woman to replace herself at number one on the Hot 100 , with the singles Shake It Off and Blank Space . Her sixth album , Reputation ( 2017 ) , made her the only act to have four consecutive albums each sell one million copies in their first week in the US , while yielding her fifth Hot 100 number-one song , with Look What You Made Me Do ."}]}, {'value': '107,000', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Canada', 'section_text': 'This is a list of the fastest-selling albums in Canada since Nielsen SoundScan tracking began in 1995 .', 'uid': 'List_of_fastest-selling_albums_worldwide_0', 'intro': "A fast-selling album is defined as one with high sales in its first chart week following release. The highest sales achieved in any country in an album's debut week are 3.38 million for 25 by Adele in the United States in the week ending November 26, 2015. This passed the previous record of 2.4 million set by the album 'No Strings Attached' by *NSYNC in 2000."}
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What is the difference in sales between 25 and 1989 ?
198928
04b98b943dac592b
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damallsvenskan', 'title': 'Damallsvenskan', 'header': ['Year', 'Goals', 'Player'], 'data': [{'value': '1982', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1982_in_Swedish_football', 'summary': 'The 1982 season in Swedish football , starting January 1982 and ending December 1982 :'}]}, {'value': '30', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pia Sundhage ( Östers IF )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pia_Sundhage', 'summary': "Pia Mariane Sundhage ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈpîːa ˈsɵ̂nːdˌhɑːɡɛ ] ; born 13 February 1960 ) is a Swedish football coach and former professional player . She is the current head coach of the Brazil women 's national football team . As a player , Sundhage played most of her career as a forward and retired as the top scorer for her national team , but she also had stints playing as a midfielder and a sweeper . Sundhage was the head coach of the United States women 's national team from 2008 to 2012 and led the team to two Olympic gold medals and a silver medal at the World Cup . Her success led to her winning the 2012 FIFA World Coach of the Year . Sundhage later became the head coach of her native Sweden women 's national football team from 2012 to 2017 , winning an Olympic silver medal in 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Östers_IF', 'summary': "Östers Idrottsförening , commonly known as Östers IF or simply Öster , is a Swedish sports club located in Växjö , specializing in football , and playing in the second tier of Swedish football , Superettan . The club has previously also competed in ice hockey ( see separate article ) , bandy , and bowling . Öster was formed on 20 April 1930 as Östers Fotbollförening , before adopting the name Östers IF in 1932 . The club is affiliated to the Smålands Fotbollförbund . In 1968 , their first season in Allsvenskan , Öster became the first team ever to win the national title at their first attempt ( newly-promoted IF Elfsborg won the league in 1961 but had played in , and been winners of , the championship in the past ) . This win ignited the team 's 'golden age ' which lasted until the early 1980s and saw them win a total of four Swedish championships . On 31 March 2011 , Öster broke ground on their new arena , Myresjöhus Arena , which was inaugurated in August 2012 . The arena hosted four games of the UEFA Women 's Euro 2013 tournament ."}]}, {'value': '1983', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1983_in_Swedish_football', 'summary': 'The 1983 season in Swedish football , starting January 1983 and ending December 1983 :'}]}, {'value': '35', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pia Sundhage ( Östers IF )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pia_Sundhage', 'summary': "Pia Mariane Sundhage ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈpîːa ˈsɵ̂nːdˌhɑːɡɛ ] ; born 13 February 1960 ) is a Swedish football coach and former professional player . She is the current head coach of the Brazil women 's national football team . As a player , Sundhage played most of her career as a forward and retired as the top scorer for her national team , but she also had stints playing as a midfielder and a sweeper . Sundhage was the head coach of the United States women 's national team from 2008 to 2012 and led the team to two Olympic gold medals and a silver medal at the World Cup . Her success led to her winning the 2012 FIFA World Coach of the Year . Sundhage later became the head coach of her native Sweden women 's national football team from 2012 to 2017 , winning an Olympic silver medal in 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Östers_IF', 'summary': "Östers Idrottsförening , commonly known as Östers IF or simply Öster , is a Swedish sports club located in Växjö , specializing in football , and playing in the second tier of Swedish football , Superettan . The club has previously also competed in ice hockey ( see separate article ) , bandy , and bowling . Öster was formed on 20 April 1930 as Östers Fotbollförening , before adopting the name Östers IF in 1932 . The club is affiliated to the Smålands Fotbollförbund . In 1968 , their first season in Allsvenskan , Öster became the first team ever to win the national title at their first attempt ( newly-promoted IF Elfsborg won the league in 1961 but had played in , and been winners of , the championship in the past ) . This win ignited the team 's 'golden age ' which lasted until the early 1980s and saw them win a total of four Swedish championships . On 31 March 2011 , Öster broke ground on their new arena , Myresjöhus Arena , which was inaugurated in August 2012 . The arena hosted four games of the UEFA Women 's Euro 2013 tournament ."}]}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1984_in_Swedish_football', 'summary': 'The 1984 season in Swedish football , starting January 1984 and ending December 1984 :'}]}, {'value': '35', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lena Videkull ( Trollhättans IF )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lena_Videkull', 'summary': "Lena Mari Anette Videkull ( born 6 December 1962 ) is a Swedish former association football forward who won 111 caps for the Sweden women 's national football team , scoring 71 goals . Videkull can be seen in the Sveriges Television documentary television series The Other Sport from 2013 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Trollhättans_IF', 'summary': "Trollhättans IF or TIF , is a football club in Trollhättan which is founded in 1906 . The association 's first team were merged in 2001 with Trollhättan KC to FC Trollhättan . Trollhättan IF 's first team played then in division 6 through the 2009 season , when the club won its series and moved up to Division 5 , where they are currently [ when ? ] playing ."}]}, {'value': '1985', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1985_in_Swedish_football', 'summary': 'The 1985 season in Swedish football , starting January 1985 and ending December 1985 :'}]}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anette Nilsson ( Hammarby IF )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hammarby_IF_DFF', 'summary': "Hammarby Idrottsförening Fotbollförening , commonly known as Hammarby IF , Hammarby Fotboll or simply Hammarby ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈhâmːarˌbyː ] or , especially locally , [ -ˌbʏ ] ) , is a women 's association football team from Stockholm that currently competes in the Swedish second highest league Elitettan . Hammarby play their home games at Hammarby IP ( also called Kanalplan ) in Stockholm , and occasionally at Zinkensdamms IP and Tele2 Arena . The team colours are green and white . Since 2016 , the club has been affiliated with Hammarby Fotboll , a men 's team in Allsvenskan . Hammarby is a member of the Stockholms Fotbollförbund through its parent club ."}]}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1986_in_Swedish_football', 'summary': 'The 1986 season in Swedish football , starting January 1986 and ending December 1986 :'}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gunilla Axén ( Gideonsbergs IF )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gunilla_Axén', 'summary': "Gunilla Sonja Eva Axén ( born 27 October 1966 ) is a Swedish former footballer . She played as a striker for Gideonsbergs IF and the Sweden women 's national football team . Axén is employed as a development manager for the Swedish Football Association ( SvFF ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gideonsbergs_IF', 'summary': "Gideonsbergs IF is a sports club in Västerås , Sweden . Established in 1955 , the women 's soccer section was established in 1971 . The women 's soccer team won the Swedish national championship in 1992. and the Swedish Cup in 1993 . The women 's team has played 10 seasons in the Swedish top division ,"}]}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1987_in_Swedish_football', 'summary': 'The 1987 season in Swedish football , starting January 1987 and ending December 1987 :'}]}, {'value': '28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eva-Lotta Carlsson ( Dalhem IF )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dalhem_IF', 'summary': 'Dalhem IF is a Swedish football club located in Dalhem on the island of Gotland .'}]}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1988_in_Swedish_football', 'summary': 'The 1988 season in Swedish football , starting January 1988 and ending December 1988 .'}]}, {'value': '24', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lena Videkull ( Öxabäck/Mark IF )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lena_Videkull', 'summary': "Lena Mari Anette Videkull ( born 6 December 1962 ) is a Swedish former association football forward who won 111 caps for the Sweden women 's national football team , scoring 71 goals . Videkull can be seen in the Sveriges Television documentary television series The Other Sport from 2013 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Öxabäcks_IF', 'summary': "Öxabäcks IF is a sports club in Öxabäck , Sweden , established in 1931 . The women 's soccer section was established in 1966 as one of the earliest women 's soccer teams in Sweden and adopted the name Öxabäck/Marks IF in 1991 to show up more of its connections with Mark Municipality before adopting the previous name some years later . The women 's soccer team won the Swedish national championship in 1972 ( unofficial ) , 1973 , 1975 , 1978 , 1983 , 1987 and 1988. and the Swedish Cup in 1985 , 1986 , 1987 , 1988 , 1989 and 1991 . The club was relegated from Damallsvenskan during the 1998 season . The floorball section merged with Örby IF and Berghems IF in 1999 to create Team Tygriket 99 - later IBK Tygriket 99 ."}]}, {'value': '1989', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1989_in_Swedish_football', 'summary': 'The 1989 season in Swedish football , starting January 1989 and ending December 1989 :'}]}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eleonor Hultin ( Jitex BK )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jitex_BK', 'summary': "Jitex BK ( Boll Klubb or Ball Club in English ) is a football club in Mölndal , Sweden , that competes in Swedish Women 's Football Division 1 , the third tier of Swedish women 's football . The club was founded January 21 , 1971 and previously played in the Elitettan , Sweden 's second highest division , and the top division league , the Damallsvenskan . Jitex BK won six national championships and three victories in the Swedish Cup during the 1970s and 1980s . The Jitex name came from the first sponsor ; Jitex fashion house . The team which has become known for their characteristic purple kit , was first trained by Sven Lundbeck . Notable players during this successful era include Anette Börjesson , Elisabeth Leidinge , Anna Svenjeby and Pia Sundhage . Financial problems in the early 1990s saw a 1993 merger with local rivals GAIS ( Göteborgs Atlet-och Idrottssällskap or Gothenburg Athletics and Sports Association in English ) and the adoption of the name Jitex BK/JG93 . The team stumbled out of the Damallsvenskan in 1997 . After reverting to the original name and transforming the team , the club has since climbed back up the leagues . Following victory in the 2005 Söderettan , the team played in the Damallsvenskan for 2006 , but were relegated again the same year . In 2009 Jitex BK returned to the Damallsvenskan ahead of the 2010 campaign . Jitex BK were relegated from the Damallsvenskan in 2014 , with few games remaining ."}]}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1990_in_Swedish_football', 'summary': 'The 1990 season in Swedish football , starting January 1990 and ending December 1990 :'}]}, {'value': '21', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lena Videkull ( Malmö FF )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lena_Videkull', 'summary': "Lena Mari Anette Videkull ( born 6 December 1962 ) is a Swedish former association football forward who won 111 caps for the Sweden women 's national football team , scoring 71 goals . Videkull can be seen in the Sveriges Television documentary television series The Other Sport from 2013 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/FC_Rosengård', 'summary': "FC Rosengård , formerly Malmö FF Dam ( 1970-2007 ) and LdB FC Malmö ( 2007-2013 ) , is a professional football club based in Malmö , Scania , Sweden . The team was established as Malmö FF Dam in 1970 and has played a total of 35 seasons in the women 's premier division , of which 7 in the Division 1 ( until 1987 ) and 28 in the Damallsvenskan ( since its formation in 1988 ) . The team has won the league a record ten times , the latest in 2015 . As of the end of the 2015 season , the club ranks first in the overall Damallsvenskan table . FC Rosengård play their home games at Malmö IP in Malmö . The club it merged with , FC Rosengård 1917 , has both men 's and women 's teams ."}]}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_in_Swedish_football', 'summary': 'The 1991 season in Swedish football , starting January 1991 and ending December 1991 :'}]}, {'value': '28', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lena Videkull ( Malmö FF )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lena_Videkull', 'summary': "Lena Mari Anette Videkull ( born 6 December 1962 ) is a Swedish former association football forward who won 111 caps for the Sweden women 's national football team , scoring 71 goals . Videkull can be seen in the Sveriges Television documentary television series The Other Sport from 2013 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/FC_Rosengård', 'summary': "FC Rosengård , formerly Malmö FF Dam ( 1970-2007 ) and LdB FC Malmö ( 2007-2013 ) , is a professional football club based in Malmö , Scania , Sweden . The team was established as Malmö FF Dam in 1970 and has played a total of 35 seasons in the women 's premier division , of which 7 in the Division 1 ( until 1987 ) and 28 in the Damallsvenskan ( since its formation in 1988 ) . The team has won the league a record ten times , the latest in 2015 . As of the end of the 2015 season , the club ranks first in the overall Damallsvenskan table . FC Rosengård play their home games at Malmö IP in Malmö . The club it merged with , FC Rosengård 1917 , has both men 's and women 's teams ."}]}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_in_Swedish_football', 'summary': 'The 1992 season in Swedish football , starting January 1992 and ending December 1992 :'}]}, {'value': '26', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anneli Andelén ( Öxabäck/Mark IF )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anneli_Andelén', 'summary': "Anneli Andelén ( born 21 June 1968 ) is a Swedish former association football forward who won 88 caps for the Sweden women 's national football team , scoring 37 goals . She represented Sweden at the FIFA Women 's World Cup in 1991 and 1995 . Andelén also played professional club football in Japan with Suzuyo Shimizu F.C . Lovely Ladies ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Öxabäcks_IF', 'summary': "Öxabäcks IF is a sports club in Öxabäck , Sweden , established in 1931 . The women 's soccer section was established in 1966 as one of the earliest women 's soccer teams in Sweden and adopted the name Öxabäck/Marks IF in 1991 to show up more of its connections with Mark Municipality before adopting the previous name some years later . The women 's soccer team won the Swedish national championship in 1972 ( unofficial ) , 1973 , 1975 , 1978 , 1983 , 1987 and 1988. and the Swedish Cup in 1985 , 1986 , 1987 , 1988 , 1989 and 1991 . The club was relegated from Damallsvenskan during the 1998 season . The floorball section merged with Örby IF and Berghems IF in 1999 to create Team Tygriket 99 - later IBK Tygriket 99 ."}]}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1993_in_Swedish_football', 'summary': 'The 1993 season in Swedish football , starting January 1993 and ending December 1993 :'}]}, {'value': '29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anneli Andelén ( Öxabäck/Mark IF )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anneli_Andelén', 'summary': "Anneli Andelén ( born 21 June 1968 ) is a Swedish former association football forward who won 88 caps for the Sweden women 's national football team , scoring 37 goals . She represented Sweden at the FIFA Women 's World Cup in 1991 and 1995 . Andelén also played professional club football in Japan with Suzuyo Shimizu F.C . Lovely Ladies ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Öxabäcks_IF', 'summary': "Öxabäcks IF is a sports club in Öxabäck , Sweden , established in 1931 . The women 's soccer section was established in 1966 as one of the earliest women 's soccer teams in Sweden and adopted the name Öxabäck/Marks IF in 1991 to show up more of its connections with Mark Municipality before adopting the previous name some years later . The women 's soccer team won the Swedish national championship in 1972 ( unofficial ) , 1973 , 1975 , 1978 , 1983 , 1987 and 1988. and the Swedish Cup in 1985 , 1986 , 1987 , 1988 , 1989 and 1991 . The club was relegated from Damallsvenskan during the 1998 season . The floorball section merged with Örby IF and Berghems IF in 1999 to create Team Tygriket 99 - later IBK Tygriket 99 ."}]}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_in_Swedish_football', 'summary': 'The 1994 season in Swedish football , starting January 1994 and ending December 1994 :'}]}, {'value': '33', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anneli Andelén ( Öxabäck/Mark IF )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anneli_Andelén', 'summary': "Anneli Andelén ( born 21 June 1968 ) is a Swedish former association football forward who won 88 caps for the Sweden women 's national football team , scoring 37 goals . She represented Sweden at the FIFA Women 's World Cup in 1991 and 1995 . Andelén also played professional club football in Japan with Suzuyo Shimizu F.C . Lovely Ladies ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Öxabäcks_IF', 'summary': "Öxabäcks IF is a sports club in Öxabäck , Sweden , established in 1931 . The women 's soccer section was established in 1966 as one of the earliest women 's soccer teams in Sweden and adopted the name Öxabäck/Marks IF in 1991 to show up more of its connections with Mark Municipality before adopting the previous name some years later . The women 's soccer team won the Swedish national championship in 1972 ( unofficial ) , 1973 , 1975 , 1978 , 1983 , 1987 and 1988. and the Swedish Cup in 1985 , 1986 , 1987 , 1988 , 1989 and 1991 . The club was relegated from Damallsvenskan during the 1998 season . The floorball section merged with Örby IF and Berghems IF in 1999 to create Team Tygriket 99 - later IBK Tygriket 99 ."}]}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_in_Swedish_football', 'summary': 'The 1995 season in Swedish football , starting January 1995 and ending December 1995 :'}]}, {'value': '27', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Annelie Wahlgren ( Bälinge IF )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bälinge_IF', 'summary': 'Bälinge IF is a sports club from Bälinge , 10 kilometres north-west of Uppsala , Sweden .'}]}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_in_Swedish_football', 'summary': 'The 1996 season in Swedish football , starting January 1996 and ending December 1996 :'}]}, {'value': '23', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lena Videkull ( Malmö FF )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lena_Videkull', 'summary': "Lena Mari Anette Videkull ( born 6 December 1962 ) is a Swedish former association football forward who won 111 caps for the Sweden women 's national football team , scoring 71 goals . Videkull can be seen in the Sveriges Television documentary television series The Other Sport from 2013 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/FC_Rosengård', 'summary': "FC Rosengård , formerly Malmö FF Dam ( 1970-2007 ) and LdB FC Malmö ( 2007-2013 ) , is a professional football club based in Malmö , Scania , Sweden . The team was established as Malmö FF Dam in 1970 and has played a total of 35 seasons in the women 's premier division , of which 7 in the Division 1 ( until 1987 ) and 28 in the Damallsvenskan ( since its formation in 1988 ) . The team has won the league a record ten times , the latest in 2015 . As of the end of the 2015 season , the club ranks first in the overall Damallsvenskan table . FC Rosengård play their home games at Malmö IP in Malmö . The club it merged with , FC Rosengård 1917 , has both men 's and women 's teams ."}]}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1997_in_Swedish_football', 'summary': 'The 1997 season in Swedish football , starting January 1997 and ending December 1997 :'}]}, {'value': '22', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Annelie Wahlgren ( Bälinge IF ) Lena Videkull ( Malmö FF )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bälinge_IF', 'summary': 'Bälinge IF is a sports club from Bälinge , 10 kilometres north-west of Uppsala , Sweden .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Lena_Videkull', 'summary': "Lena Mari Anette Videkull ( born 6 December 1962 ) is a Swedish former association football forward who won 111 caps for the Sweden women 's national football team , scoring 71 goals . Videkull can be seen in the Sveriges Television documentary television series The Other Sport from 2013 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/FC_Rosengård', 'summary': "FC Rosengård , formerly Malmö FF Dam ( 1970-2007 ) and LdB FC Malmö ( 2007-2013 ) , is a professional football club based in Malmö , Scania , Sweden . The team was established as Malmö FF Dam in 1970 and has played a total of 35 seasons in the women 's premier division , of which 7 in the Division 1 ( until 1987 ) and 28 in the Damallsvenskan ( since its formation in 1988 ) . The team has won the league a record ten times , the latest in 2015 . As of the end of the 2015 season , the club ranks first in the overall Damallsvenskan table . FC Rosengård play their home games at Malmö IP in Malmö . The club it merged with , FC Rosengård 1917 , has both men 's and women 's teams ."}]}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1998_in_Swedish_football', 'summary': 'The 1998 season in Swedish football , started January 1998 and ended December 1998 .'}]}, {'value': '32', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Victoria Svensson ( Älvsjö AIK )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victoria_Svensson', 'summary': "Victoria Margareta Sandell Svensson ( born 18 May 1977 ) is a former Swedish female football player . She was team captain on the Swedish women 's national team and Djurgårdens IF Dam , captaining the national team during the 2007 FIFA Women 's World Cup . She was known as Victoria Svensson until she married Camilla Sandell in April 2008 and added her surname to her own . In 1998 , and again in 2003 , she won the Diamantbollen , an award given to the best female player in Sweden each year . Also in 1998 , 2001 , and 2003 Sandell Svensson scored the most goals in the Damallsvenskan . Sandell Svensson retired after Sweden 's Euro 2009 quarter-final defeat to Norway . She had 166 caps and 68 goals . Sandell Svensson can be seen in the Sveriges Television documentary television series The Other Sport from 2013 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Älvsjö_AIK', 'summary': 'Älvsjö AIK FF is a Swedish football club located in Älvsjö within Stockholm Municipality .'}]}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1999_in_Swedish_football', 'summary': 'The 1999 season in Swedish football , starting January 1999 and ending December 1999 :'}]}, {'value': '29', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Luiza Pendyk ( Malmö FF )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Rosengård', 'summary': "FC Rosengård , formerly Malmö FF Dam ( 1970-2007 ) and LdB FC Malmö ( 2007-2013 ) , is a professional football club based in Malmö , Scania , Sweden . The team was established as Malmö FF Dam in 1970 and has played a total of 35 seasons in the women 's premier division , of which 7 in the Division 1 ( until 1987 ) and 28 in the Damallsvenskan ( since its formation in 1988 ) . The team has won the league a record ten times , the latest in 2015 . As of the end of the 2015 season , the club ranks first in the overall Damallsvenskan table . FC Rosengård play their home games at Malmö IP in Malmö . The club it merged with , FC Rosengård 1917 , has both men 's and women 's teams ."}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2000_in_Swedish_football', 'summary': 'The 2000 season in Swedish football , starting January 2000 and ending December 2000 :'}]}, {'value': '25', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Luiza Pendyk ( Malmö FF )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Rosengård', 'summary': "FC Rosengård , formerly Malmö FF Dam ( 1970-2007 ) and LdB FC Malmö ( 2007-2013 ) , is a professional football club based in Malmö , Scania , Sweden . The team was established as Malmö FF Dam in 1970 and has played a total of 35 seasons in the women 's premier division , of which 7 in the Division 1 ( until 1987 ) and 28 in the Damallsvenskan ( since its formation in 1988 ) . The team has won the league a record ten times , the latest in 2015 . As of the end of the 2015 season , the club ranks first in the overall Damallsvenskan table . FC Rosengård play their home games at Malmö IP in Malmö . The club it merged with , FC Rosengård 1917 , has both men 's and women 's teams ."}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2001_in_Swedish_football', 'summary': 'The 2001 season in Swedish football , starting January 2001 and ending December 2001 :'}]}, {'value': '34', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Victoria Svensson ( Älvsjö AIK )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victoria_Svensson', 'summary': "Victoria Margareta Sandell Svensson ( born 18 May 1977 ) is a former Swedish female football player . She was team captain on the Swedish women 's national team and Djurgårdens IF Dam , captaining the national team during the 2007 FIFA Women 's World Cup . She was known as Victoria Svensson until she married Camilla Sandell in April 2008 and added her surname to her own . In 1998 , and again in 2003 , she won the Diamantbollen , an award given to the best female player in Sweden each year . Also in 1998 , 2001 , and 2003 Sandell Svensson scored the most goals in the Damallsvenskan . Sandell Svensson retired after Sweden 's Euro 2009 quarter-final defeat to Norway . She had 166 caps and 68 goals . Sandell Svensson can be seen in the Sveriges Television documentary television series The Other Sport from 2013 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Älvsjö_AIK', 'summary': 'Älvsjö AIK FF is a Swedish football club located in Älvsjö within Stockholm Municipality .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Player records -- Top scorers', 'section_text': 'The following is a list of top scorers ( skyttedrottningar ) by season . [ 11 ] Lena Videkull has won the award a record five times , while Hanna Ljungberg holds the record for most goals in a season with 39 .', 'uid': 'Damallsvenskan_1', 'intro': "The Damallsvenskan, also known as OBOS Damallsvenskan for sponsorship reasons, Swedish for ladies all-Swedish, is the highest division of women's football in Sweden. It is also referred to as the women's Allsvenskan, this term being used alone to refer to the men's division. The division consists of a league of 12 teams. From 2013, the Damallsvenskan began operating on a system of promotion and relegation with the Elitettan. The two lowest placed teams are relegated to the Elitettan, and the two highest placed teams from the Elitettan are promoted in their place. The first Swedish women's national championship was played in 1973. Since its inception, the Damallsvenskan has featured star players like Marta, Daniela, Nadine Angerer, Lisa De Vanna, Hope Solo, Christen Press, and Hanna Ljungberg. The top two teams in the Damallsvenskan qualify for the UEFA Women's Champions League."}
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During what years did the 1983 player coach the US Womens National Team ?
2008 to 2012
04ba6a5d16b3bae5
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Providence_Grays_Opening_Day_starting_pitchers', 'title': 'List of Providence Grays Opening Day starting pitchers', 'header': ['Season', 'Pitcher', 'Decision', 'Final Score', 'Opponent', 'Location ( Stadium )'], 'data': [{'value': '1878', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1878_Providence_Grays_season', 'summary': 'The Providence Grays were a new franchise that joined the National League for the 1878 baseball season . They finished in third place .'}]}, {'value': 'Fred Corey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fred_Corey', 'summary': 'Frederick Harrison Corey ( 1855 - November 27 , 1912 ) was an American pitcher and third baseman in Major League Baseball in 1878 and from 1880 through 1885 , encompassing seven seasons . He played for the Providence Grays , Worcester Ruby Legs , and Philadelphia Athletics . Corey was born in Coventry , Rhode Island , and died in Providence , Rhode Island , and is interred at the North Burial Ground . Corey twice cost himself a potential home run by failing to touch third base : first , on 9/23/1880 vs. Boston , then again , on 9/17/1881 vs. Cleveland . These would have been the first two homers in his career , which ended up with a total of seven .'}]}, {'value': '( L )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boston Red Caps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Red_Caps', 'summary': 'The Atlanta Braves , a current Major League Baseball franchise , originated in Boston , Massachusetts . This article details the history of the Boston Braves , from 1871 to 1952 , after which they moved to Milwaukee , Wisconsin to become the Milwaukee Braves , and then eventually to Atlanta to become the Atlanta Braves . The Boston franchise played at South End Grounds from 1871 to 1914 and at Braves Field from 1915 to 1952 . Braves Field is now Nickerson Field of Boston University . The franchise , from Boston to Milwaukee to Atlanta , is the oldest continuous professional baseball franchise .'}]}, {'value': 'Messer Street Grounds', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Messer_Street_Grounds', 'summary': "Messer Street Grounds , also known as Messer Park or Messer Field , is a former baseball park located in Providence , Rhode Island . It was home to the Providence Grays of the National League from 1878 to 1885 and of the minor league Providence Grays of the Eastern League in 1886 . In 1878 , the Providence Base Ball Association formed and began scouting around the city for a good location for the best baseball plant in the country . Team directors visited the old Josiah Chapin farm on city 's west side and decided that it fit all of the requirements for a baseball park . It was close to level , it was raised up a few feet from the surrounding roads , and it was easily accessible by street car . Construction on Messer Park began on April 1 and took exactly one month to complete ; the final nail was hammered a mere five minutes before the opening game got underway on May 1 ."}]}, {'value': '1879 **', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1879_Providence_Grays_season', 'summary': 'The 1879 Providence Grays won the National League title in only their second season in the league .'}]}, {'value': 'Monte Ward', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monte_Ward', 'summary': "John Montgomery Ward ( March 3 , 1860 - March 4 , 1925 ) , known as Monte Ward , was an American Major League Baseball pitcher , shortstop , second baseman and manager . Ward was born in Bellefonte , Pennsylvania , and grew up in Renovo , Pennsylvania . He led the formation of the first professional sports players union and a new baseball league , the Players ' League ."}]}, {'value': '( W )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15-4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cleveland Blues', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cleveland_Blues_(NL)', 'summary': 'The Cleveland Blues was a Major League Baseball team based in Cleveland , Ohio that operated in the National League from 1879 to 1884 . In six seasons their best finish was third place in 1880 . Hugh Daily threw a no-hitter for the Blues on September 13 , 1883 . Besides Daily , notable Blues players included Baseball Hall of Fame member Ned Hanlon . The team was purchased by Charles Byrne in 1885 for $ 10,000 and folded into his Brooklyn Grays team .'}]}, {'value': 'National League Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_League_Park', 'summary': 'National League Park is the name of two former baseball grounds located in Cleveland , Ohio , USA . The first ground was home to the Cleveland Blues of the National League from 1879 to 1884 . The Kennard Street Baseball Grounds ( Kennard Street Park ) was bounded by Sibley Street ( present Carnegie Avenue ) on the north , Cedar Avenue on the south , Kennard Street ( present East 46th Street ) on the west , and the eastern edge ended at the boundary of the back yards of the houses facing Willson Avenue ( present East 55th Street ) . A contemporary plat map indicates the diamond was closest to the Kennard-Cedar intersection . The second National League Park was the home of the Cleveland Spiders of the American Association from 1887 to 1888 and of the National League from 1889 to 1890 . This ground was located a few blocks northwest of the Kennard site . After the 1890 season the Spiders moved to League Park . Coordinates : 41°30′3″N 81°39′14″W / 41.50083°N 81.65389°W / 41.50083 ; -81.65389'}]}, {'value': '1880', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1880_Providence_Grays_season', 'summary': 'The Providence Grays finished the 1880 season in second place in the National League .'}]}, {'value': 'Monte Ward ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monte_Ward', 'summary': "John Montgomery Ward ( March 3 , 1860 - March 4 , 1925 ) , known as Monte Ward , was an American Major League Baseball pitcher , shortstop , second baseman and manager . Ward was born in Bellefonte , Pennsylvania , and grew up in Renovo , Pennsylvania . He led the formation of the first professional sports players union and a new baseball league , the Players ' League ."}]}, {'value': '( W )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boston Red Caps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Red_Caps', 'summary': 'The Atlanta Braves , a current Major League Baseball franchise , originated in Boston , Massachusetts . This article details the history of the Boston Braves , from 1871 to 1952 , after which they moved to Milwaukee , Wisconsin to become the Milwaukee Braves , and then eventually to Atlanta to become the Atlanta Braves . The Boston franchise played at South End Grounds from 1871 to 1914 and at Braves Field from 1915 to 1952 . Braves Field is now Nickerson Field of Boston University . The franchise , from Boston to Milwaukee to Atlanta , is the oldest continuous professional baseball franchise .'}]}, {'value': 'Messer Street Grounds', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Messer_Street_Grounds', 'summary': "Messer Street Grounds , also known as Messer Park or Messer Field , is a former baseball park located in Providence , Rhode Island . It was home to the Providence Grays of the National League from 1878 to 1885 and of the minor league Providence Grays of the Eastern League in 1886 . In 1878 , the Providence Base Ball Association formed and began scouting around the city for a good location for the best baseball plant in the country . Team directors visited the old Josiah Chapin farm on city 's west side and decided that it fit all of the requirements for a baseball park . It was close to level , it was raised up a few feet from the surrounding roads , and it was easily accessible by street car . Construction on Messer Park began on April 1 and took exactly one month to complete ; the final nail was hammered a mere five minutes before the opening game got underway on May 1 ."}]}, {'value': '1881', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1881_Providence_Grays_season', 'summary': "The Providence Grays finished the 1881 season in second place in the National League for a second straight season . However , management strife and sagging attendance hurt the team 's bottom line and they occasionally had trouble meeting payroll ."}]}, {'value': 'Monte Ward ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monte_Ward', 'summary': "John Montgomery Ward ( March 3 , 1860 - March 4 , 1925 ) , known as Monte Ward , was an American Major League Baseball pitcher , shortstop , second baseman and manager . Ward was born in Bellefonte , Pennsylvania , and grew up in Renovo , Pennsylvania . He led the formation of the first professional sports players union and a new baseball league , the Players ' League ."}]}, {'value': '( L )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2-4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boston Red Caps', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_Red_Caps', 'summary': 'The Atlanta Braves , a current Major League Baseball franchise , originated in Boston , Massachusetts . This article details the history of the Boston Braves , from 1871 to 1952 , after which they moved to Milwaukee , Wisconsin to become the Milwaukee Braves , and then eventually to Atlanta to become the Atlanta Braves . The Boston franchise played at South End Grounds from 1871 to 1914 and at Braves Field from 1915 to 1952 . Braves Field is now Nickerson Field of Boston University . The franchise , from Boston to Milwaukee to Atlanta , is the oldest continuous professional baseball franchise .'}]}, {'value': 'Messer Street Grounds', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Messer_Street_Grounds', 'summary': "Messer Street Grounds , also known as Messer Park or Messer Field , is a former baseball park located in Providence , Rhode Island . It was home to the Providence Grays of the National League from 1878 to 1885 and of the minor league Providence Grays of the Eastern League in 1886 . In 1878 , the Providence Base Ball Association formed and began scouting around the city for a good location for the best baseball plant in the country . Team directors visited the old Josiah Chapin farm on city 's west side and decided that it fit all of the requirements for a baseball park . It was close to level , it was raised up a few feet from the surrounding roads , and it was easily accessible by street car . Construction on Messer Park began on April 1 and took exactly one month to complete ; the final nail was hammered a mere five minutes before the opening game got underway on May 1 ."}]}, {'value': '1882', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1882_Providence_Grays_season', 'summary': 'The Providence Grays hired veteran manager Harry Wright to guide the team in 1882 and the team seemed to improve . They held first place until September 17 , but then suffered a losing streak that dropped the team into second place . After the season ended , they played a three-game postseason series against the Boston Red Caps for the Championship of New England . Providence won the series , two games to one , thanks to shutouts pitched by John Montgomery Ward and Hoss Radbourn .'}]}, {'value': 'Monte Ward ( 4 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monte_Ward', 'summary': "John Montgomery Ward ( March 3 , 1860 - March 4 , 1925 ) , known as Monte Ward , was an American Major League Baseball pitcher , shortstop , second baseman and manager . Ward was born in Bellefonte , Pennsylvania , and grew up in Renovo , Pennsylvania . He led the formation of the first professional sports players union and a new baseball league , the Players ' League ."}]}, {'value': '( W )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9-3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Troy Trojans', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Troy_Trojans_(MLB_team)', 'summary': "The Troy Trojans were a Major League Baseball team in the National League for four seasons from 1879 to 1882 . Their home games were played at Putnam Grounds ( 1879 ) and Haymakers ' Grounds ( 1880-1881 ) in the upstate New York city of Troy , and at Troy Ball Clubs Grounds ( 1882 ) across the Hudson in Watervliet , or West Troy as it was known at the time . The first Grand Slam home run in Major League history was hit by Roger Connor of this franchise in 1881 in East Albany ( now known as Rensselaer ) in what is now the Rensselaer Riverfront Park . The site in present day Rensselaer was infrequently used to host games when their normal field was unavailable . A baseball diamond in the park is currently in use very close to where the diamond would have been back in the 1880s . The site of the historic grand slam was only recently discovered as it was previously assumed to have occurred in eastern Albany . Overall , the franchise won 131 games and lost 194 . The Trojans , along with the Worcester NL team , were expelled from the league shortly before the end of the 1882 season , as Troy and Worcester were seen as too small for the league 's ambitions , but were encouraged to play out the rest of their seasons as lame-duck teams . On September 28 , 1882 , only six fans appeared to watch Worcester host the Trojans in the second-to-last game of the season , then only 25 arrived for the last game between the two teams . Among games that have had at least one paying attendee , the attendance figure of six is the lowest attendance ever recorded at a Major League baseball game . In 1883 the New York Gothams , later known as the Giants , took the Trojans ' former slot in the National League . Four of the original Gotham players were former members of the disbanded Trojans , including three Hall of Famers : Buck Ewing , Roger Connor and Mickey Welch ."}]}, {'value': 'Messer Street Grounds', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Messer_Street_Grounds', 'summary': "Messer Street Grounds , also known as Messer Park or Messer Field , is a former baseball park located in Providence , Rhode Island . It was home to the Providence Grays of the National League from 1878 to 1885 and of the minor league Providence Grays of the Eastern League in 1886 . In 1878 , the Providence Base Ball Association formed and began scouting around the city for a good location for the best baseball plant in the country . Team directors visited the old Josiah Chapin farm on city 's west side and decided that it fit all of the requirements for a baseball park . It was close to level , it was raised up a few feet from the surrounding roads , and it was easily accessible by street car . Construction on Messer Park began on April 1 and took exactly one month to complete ; the final nail was hammered a mere five minutes before the opening game got underway on May 1 ."}]}, {'value': '1883', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1883_Providence_Grays_season', 'summary': 'The Providence Grays finished the 1883 season in third place after a hard-fought four-way battle for the National League pennant .'}]}, {'value': 'Charles Radbourn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charles_Radbourn', 'summary': 'Charles Gardner Radbourn ( December 11 , 1854 - February 5 , 1897 ) , nicknamed Old Hoss , was an American professional baseball pitcher who played 12 seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He played for the Buffalo Bisons ( 1880 ) , Providence Grays ( 1881-1885 ) , Boston Beaneaters ( 1886-1889 ) , Boston Reds ( 1890 ) , and Cincinnati Reds ( 1891 ) . Born in New York and raised in Illinois , Radbourn played semi-professional and minor league baseball before making his major league debut for the Buffalo Bisons in 1880 . After a one-year stint with the club , Radbourn joined the Providence Grays . During the 1884 season , Radbourn won 60 games , setting an MLB single-season record that has never been broken , or even seriously approached . He also led the National League ( NL ) in earned run average ( ERA ) and strikeouts to win the Triple Crown , and the Grays won the league championship . After the regular season , he helped the Grays win the 1884 World Series , pitching every inning of the three games . In 1885 , when the Grays team folded , the roster was transferred to NL control , and Radbourn was claimed by the Boston Beaneaters . He spent the next four seasons with the club , spent one year with the Boston Reds , and finished his MLB career with the Cincinnati Reds . Radbourn was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939 .'}]}, {'value': '( W )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4-3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Philadelphia Phillies', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies', 'summary': "The Philadelphia Phillies are an American professional baseball team based in Philadelphia . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member of the National League ( NL ) East division . Since 2004 , the team 's home stadium has been Citizens Bank Park , located in South Philadelphia . The Phillies are the oldest , continuous , one-name , one-city franchise in American professional sports . The Phillies have won two World Series championships ( against the Kansas City Royals in 1980 and the Tampa Bay Rays in 2008 ) and seven National League pennants , the first of which came in 1915 . Since the first modern World Series was played in 1903 , the Phillies played 77 consecutive seasons ( and 97 seasons from the club 's establishment ) before they won their first World Series - longer than any of the other 16 teams that made up the major leagues for the first half of the 20th century . They are one of the more successful franchises since the start of the Divisional Era in Major League Baseball . The Phillies have won 11 division titles , including five consecutive division titles from 2007 to 2011 ; these are ranked sixth among all teams and fourth in the National League . The franchise was founded in Philadelphia in 1883 , replacing the team from Worcester , Massachusetts , in the National League . The team has played at several stadiums in the city , beginning with Recreation Park and continuing at Baker Bowl ; Shibe Park , which was later renamed Connie Mack Stadium in honor of the longtime Philadelphia Athletics manager ; Veterans Stadium , and now Citizens Bank Park . The team 's spring training facilities are located in Clearwater , Florida , where its Class-A minor league affiliate Clearwater Threshers plays at Spectrum Field . Other Class-A affiliates are the Lakewood BlueClaws , who play in Lakewood , New Jersey , and the Williamsport Crosscutters , who play in Williamsport , Pennsylvania ."}]}, {'value': 'Recreation Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Recreation_Park_(Philadelphia)', 'summary': 'Recreation Park was a baseball park in Philadelphia .'}]}, {'value': '1884 †', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1884_Providence_Grays_season', 'summary': "The Providence Grays went 84-28 during the 1884 season to win the National League championship . The team started out with two main pitchers , Charles Old Hoss Radbourn and Charlie Sweeney . After Sweeney jumped to the Union Association in mid-season , Radbourn pitched most of the Grays ' remaining games and led the team to the pennant . Radbourn won 60 games by himself , setting a Major League Baseball record that has never been broken . After the regular season , the Grays faced the American Association champions , the New York Metropolitans , in the 1884 World Series . The Grays swept the series to become the World Champions ."}]}, {'value': 'Charlie Sweeney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charlie_Sweeney', 'summary': 'Charles Joseph Sweeney ( April 13 , 1863 - April 4 , 1902 ) was an American Major League Baseball pitcher from 1883 through 1887 . He played for the Providence Grays , St. Louis Maroons , and Cleveland Blues , and is best known for his performance in 1884 , when he won 41 games .'}]}, {'value': '( L )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cleveland Blues', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cleveland_Blues_(NL)', 'summary': 'The Cleveland Blues was a Major League Baseball team based in Cleveland , Ohio that operated in the National League from 1879 to 1884 . In six seasons their best finish was third place in 1880 . Hugh Daily threw a no-hitter for the Blues on September 13 , 1883 . Besides Daily , notable Blues players included Baseball Hall of Fame member Ned Hanlon . The team was purchased by Charles Byrne in 1885 for $ 10,000 and folded into his Brooklyn Grays team .'}]}, {'value': 'Messer Street Grounds', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Messer_Street_Grounds', 'summary': "Messer Street Grounds , also known as Messer Park or Messer Field , is a former baseball park located in Providence , Rhode Island . It was home to the Providence Grays of the National League from 1878 to 1885 and of the minor league Providence Grays of the Eastern League in 1886 . In 1878 , the Providence Base Ball Association formed and began scouting around the city for a good location for the best baseball plant in the country . Team directors visited the old Josiah Chapin farm on city 's west side and decided that it fit all of the requirements for a baseball park . It was close to level , it was raised up a few feet from the surrounding roads , and it was easily accessible by street car . Construction on Messer Park began on April 1 and took exactly one month to complete ; the final nail was hammered a mere five minutes before the opening game got underway on May 1 ."}]}, {'value': '1885', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1885_Providence_Grays_season', 'summary': "After the team 's success in 1884 , things went downhill for the 1885 Providence Grays . The team dropped in the standings , finishing 30 games back in fourth place and attendance fell drastically . After the season , the club 's directors sold all the remaining players to the Boston Beaneaters and folded the team ."}]}, {'value': 'Charles Radbourn ( 2 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charles_Radbourn', 'summary': 'Charles Gardner Radbourn ( December 11 , 1854 - February 5 , 1897 ) , nicknamed Old Hoss , was an American professional baseball pitcher who played 12 seasons in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He played for the Buffalo Bisons ( 1880 ) , Providence Grays ( 1881-1885 ) , Boston Beaneaters ( 1886-1889 ) , Boston Reds ( 1890 ) , and Cincinnati Reds ( 1891 ) . Born in New York and raised in Illinois , Radbourn played semi-professional and minor league baseball before making his major league debut for the Buffalo Bisons in 1880 . After a one-year stint with the club , Radbourn joined the Providence Grays . During the 1884 season , Radbourn won 60 games , setting an MLB single-season record that has never been broken , or even seriously approached . He also led the National League ( NL ) in earned run average ( ERA ) and strikeouts to win the Triple Crown , and the Grays won the league championship . After the regular season , he helped the Grays win the 1884 World Series , pitching every inning of the three games . In 1885 , when the Grays team folded , the roster was transferred to NL control , and Radbourn was claimed by the Boston Beaneaters . He spent the next four seasons with the club , spent one year with the Boston Reds , and finished his MLB career with the Cincinnati Reds . Radbourn was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1939 .'}]}, {'value': '( W )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Philadelphia Phillies', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies', 'summary': "The Philadelphia Phillies are an American professional baseball team based in Philadelphia . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member of the National League ( NL ) East division . Since 2004 , the team 's home stadium has been Citizens Bank Park , located in South Philadelphia . The Phillies are the oldest , continuous , one-name , one-city franchise in American professional sports . The Phillies have won two World Series championships ( against the Kansas City Royals in 1980 and the Tampa Bay Rays in 2008 ) and seven National League pennants , the first of which came in 1915 . Since the first modern World Series was played in 1903 , the Phillies played 77 consecutive seasons ( and 97 seasons from the club 's establishment ) before they won their first World Series - longer than any of the other 16 teams that made up the major leagues for the first half of the 20th century . They are one of the more successful franchises since the start of the Divisional Era in Major League Baseball . The Phillies have won 11 division titles , including five consecutive division titles from 2007 to 2011 ; these are ranked sixth among all teams and fourth in the National League . The franchise was founded in Philadelphia in 1883 , replacing the team from Worcester , Massachusetts , in the National League . The team has played at several stadiums in the city , beginning with Recreation Park and continuing at Baker Bowl ; Shibe Park , which was later renamed Connie Mack Stadium in honor of the longtime Philadelphia Athletics manager ; Veterans Stadium , and now Citizens Bank Park . The team 's spring training facilities are located in Clearwater , Florida , where its Class-A minor league affiliate Clearwater Threshers plays at Spectrum Field . Other Class-A affiliates are the Lakewood BlueClaws , who play in Lakewood , New Jersey , and the Williamsport Crosscutters , who play in Williamsport , Pennsylvania ."}]}, {'value': 'Recreation Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Recreation_Park_(Philadelphia)', 'summary': 'Recreation Park was a baseball park in Philadelphia .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Pitchers', 'section_text': 'Charles Radbourn , shown with the Boston Beaneaters , was the Grays Opening Day starting pitcher twice .', 'uid': 'List_of_Providence_Grays_Opening_Day_starting_pitchers_0', 'intro': "The Providence Grays were a Major League Baseball team that was based in Providence, Rhode Island and played in the National League from 1878 through 1885. The Grays used four Opening Day starting pitchers in their eight years as a Major League Baseball franchise. The first game of the new baseball season for a team is played on Opening Day, and being named the Opening Day starter is an honor that is often given to the player who is expected to lead the pitching staff that season, though there are various strategic reasons why a team's best pitcher might not start on Opening Day. The Grays had a record of five wins and three losses in their Opening Day games. The first game in Providence Grays history was played on May 1, 1878 against the Boston Red Caps (now known as the Atlanta Braves). Fred Corey was the Opening Day starting pitcher in that game, which the Grays lost by a score of 1-0. The Grays' last Opening Day game was played on May 2, 1885 against the Philadelphia Phillies. Charles Radbourn was the Grays' Opening Day starting pitcher in that game, which the Grays won by a score of 8-2. Four pitchers made Opening Day starts for the Grays. Baseball Hall of Famer Monte Ward made four Opening Day starts in the Grays' eight seasons. Radbourne, also a Baseball Hall of Famer, made two Opening Day starts for the Grays. Thus, in six of the Grays' eight seasons (75%), the Grays' Opening Day starting pitcher was a Baseball Hall of Famer."}
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How many seasons did this baseball player play , who pitched against this team that originated in Boston and moved to Wisconsin ?
seven seasons
04baaf444e8ff75b
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel_McAdams', 'title': 'Rachel McAdams', 'header': ['Year', 'Title', 'Role'], 'data': [{'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'My Name is Tanino', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/My_Name_is_Tanino', 'summary': 'My Name is Tanino is a 2002 comedy film directed by Paolo Virzì . The picaresque plot is about Tanino , an Italian liberal arts student who falls in love with a young American tourist he meets in Sicily and decides to track her down in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Sally Garfield', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Perfect Pie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Perfect_Pie', 'summary': "Perfect Pie is a play written by Judith Thompson , and first staged at Toronto 's Tarragon Theatre in 2000 , with Judith Thompson also directing . The assistant director for the original production was Caroline Azar . The original cast starred Nancy Palk ( Patsy ) , Tara Rosling ( Young Patsy ) , Sonja Smits ( Francesca ) , and Liisa Repo-Martell ( Marie - Francesca 's original name ) . Music for the production was composed and performed by Bill Thompson . The story concerns the childhoods of Patsy and Marie and the impact it had on their later lives . Much of the dialogue is centered on their prom night when Marie was abused by more than one boy . The play deals with a number of complex themes , such as child abuse and rape . The play was originally written as a monologue in 1993 . It was published in book form by Playwrights Canada Press on September 1 , 2000 ."}]}, {'value': 'Patsy Grady ( age 15 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Hot Chick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Hot_Chick', 'summary': "The Hot Chick is a 2002 American teen comedy film about a teenage girl whose body is magically swapped with that of a criminal . It was directed by Tom Brady and produced by Rob Schneider and Carr D'Angelo for Happy Madison and Touchstone Pictures , and written by Brady and Rob Schneider . The film stars Schneider as the criminal and Rachel McAdams as Jessica , who , together with her cheerleader friends , search for Jessica 's body while dealing with awkward social situations . Adam Sandler served as executive producer and has a small role in the film as the Mambuza Bongo Player , a character based on one played by Schneider in a Saturday Night Live sketch . Sisters Tia and Tamera Mowry and singers Ashlee Simpson , Angie Stone , and Michelle Branch also had small roles . Parts of the film were shot at Redondo Union High School and El Segundo High School ."}]}, {'value': 'Jessica Spencer / Clive Maxtone', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mean Girls', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mean_Girls', 'summary': "Mean Girls is a 2004 American teen comedy film directed by Mark Waters , and written by Tina Fey . The film , which stars Lindsay Lohan , Rachel McAdams , Tim Meadows , Ana Gasteyer , Amy Poehler and Fey , is partially based on Rosalind Wiseman 's 2002 non-fiction self-help book , Queen Bees and Wannabes , which describes female high school social cliques and the damaging effects they can have on girls . Fey also drew from her own experience at Upper Darby High School as an inspiration for some of the concepts in the film . The movie introduced Amanda Seyfried in her film debut . Saturday Night Live creator Lorne Michaels produced the film ; Tina Fey , screenwriter and co-star of the film , was a long-term cast member and writer for SNL . Although set in Evanston , Illinois ( a Chicago suburb ) , the film was mostly shot in Toronto , Canada . The film marks Lohan 's second collaboration with director Waters , the first being Freaky Friday , released a year earlier . Released on April 30 , 2004 , the film grossed $ 129 million worldwide and developed a cult following . A direct-to-video sequel , Mean Girls 2 , premiered on ABC Family ( now Freeform ) on January 23 , 2011 . The musical adaptation of Mean Girls premiered on Broadway in March 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Regina George', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Notebook', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Notebook_(2004_film)', 'summary': "The Notebook is a 2004 romantic drama film directed by Nick Cassavetes and written by Jeremy Leven from Jan Sardi 's adaptation of the 1996 novel by Nicholas Sparks . The film stars Ryan Gosling and Rachel McAdams as a young couple who fall in love in the 1940s . Their story is narrated from the present day by an elderly man ( played by James Garner ) , telling the tale to a fellow nursing home resident ( played by Gena Rowlands , who is Cassavetes 's mother ) . The Notebook received generally mixed reviews , but performed well at the box office and received a number of award nominations , winning eight Teen Choice Awards , a Satellite Award , and an MTV Movie Award . The film became a sleeper hit and has gained a cult following . On November 11 , 2012 , ABC Family premiered an extended version with deleted scenes added back into the original storyline ."}]}, {'value': 'Allison Allie Hamilton', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wedding Crashers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wedding_Crashers', 'summary': 'Wedding Crashers is a 2005 American comedy film directed by David Dobkin , written by Steve Faber and Bob Fisher , and starring Owen Wilson , Vince Vaughn , Christopher Walken , Rachel McAdams , Isla Fisher , Bradley Cooper , and Jane Seymour . The film follows two divorce mediators ( Wilson and Vaughn ) who crash weddings in an attempt to meet and seduce bridesmaids . The film opened on July 15 , 2005 through New Line Cinema to critical and massive commercial success , grossing $ 288.5 million worldwide on a $ 40 million budget , and is credited with helping to revive the popularity of adult-oriented , R-rated comedies .'}]}, {'value': 'Claire Cleary', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Red Eye', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Red_Eye_(2005_American_film)', 'summary': "Red Eye is a 2005 American psychological thriller film directed by Wes Craven and written by Carl Ellsworth based on a story by Ellsworth and Dan Foos . The film follows a hotel manager ensnared in an assassination plot by a terrorist while aboard a red-eye flight to Miami . The film score was composed and conducted by Marco Beltrami . It was distributed by DreamWorks Pictures and was released on August 19 , 2005 . The film received positive reviews from critics and fans of Craven 's work and was a box office success . An extended version of the film , which added previously unused footage to increase the running time , was broadcast on the ABC network several times ."}]}, {'value': 'Lisa Reisert', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Family Stone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Family_Stone', 'summary': 'The Family Stone is a 2005 American comedy-drama film written and directed by Thomas Bezucha . Produced by Michael London and distributed by 20th Century Fox , it stars an ensemble cast , including Diane Keaton , Craig T. Nelson , Dermot Mulroney , Sarah Jessica Parker , Luke Wilson , Claire Danes , Rachel McAdams , and Tyrone Giordano . The plot follows the Christmas holiday misadventures of the Stone family in a small New England town when the eldest son , played by Mulroney , brings his uptight girlfriend ( played by Parker ) home with the intention of proposing to her with a cherished heirloom ring . Overwhelmed by the hostile reception , she begs her sister to join her for emotional support , triggering further complications . The Family Stone was released in North America on December 16 , 2005 , and was a commercial success with a worldwide gross of US $ 92.3 million . While Parker was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for her performance , Keaton , Nelson and McAdams garnered a Satellite Award nomination each ; McAdams was also awarded a Teen Choice Award .'}]}, {'value': 'Amy Stone', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Married Life', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Married_Life_(2007_film)', 'summary': 'Married Life is a 2007 American drama period film directed by Ira Sachs . The screenplay by Sachs and Oren Moverman is based on the 1953 novel Five Roundabouts to Heaven by John Bingham . Cast members include Patricia Clarkson , Chris Cooper , Rachel McAdams and Pierce Brosnan . The novel was also the basis for the December 20 , 1962 episode of The Alfred Hitchcock Hour entitled The Tender Poisoner .'}]}, {'value': 'Kay Nesbitt', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Lucky Ones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Lucky_Ones_(film)', 'summary': 'The Lucky Ones is a 2008 American comedy-drama directed by Neil Burger . The screenplay by Burger and Dirk Wittenborn focuses on three United States Army soldiers who find themselves drawn together by unforeseen circumstances .'}]}, {'value': 'Colee Dunn', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'State of Play', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/State_of_Play_(film)', 'summary': "State of Play is a 2009 political thriller film , based on the six-part British television serial of the same name which first aired on BBC One in 2003 . The plot of the six-hour serial was condensed to fit a two-hour film format , with the location changed to Washington , D.C . The film was directed by Kevin Macdonald from a screenplay written by Matthew Michael Carnahan , Tony Gilroy , Peter Morgan , and Billy Ray . The film tells of a journalist 's ( Russell Crowe ) probe into the suspicious death of a congressman 's ( Ben Affleck ) mistress . The supporting cast includes Rachel McAdams , Helen Mirren , Jason Bateman , Robin Wright and Jeff Daniels . Macdonald said that State of Play is influenced by the films of the 1970s and explores the subject of privatization of American Homeland Security and to a minor extent journalistic independence , along with the relationship between politicians and the press . It was released in North America on April 17 , 2009 . The film received generally positive reviews ."}]}, {'value': 'Della Frye', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': "The Time Traveler 's Wife", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/The_Time_Traveler's_Wife_(film)", 'summary': "The Time Traveler 's Wife is a 2009 American romantic science fiction drama film based on Audrey Niffenegger 's 2003 novel of the same name . Directed by Robert Schwentke , the film stars Eric Bana , Rachel McAdams , and Ron Livingston . The story follows Henry DeTamble ( Bana ) , a Chicago librarian with a paranormal genetic disorder that causes him to randomly time travel as he tries to build a romantic relationship with Clare Abshire ( McAdams ) , who would become his wife . Filming began in September 2007 , originally in anticipation of an autumn 2008 release . The film 's release was postponed with initially no official explanation from the studio . McAdams later noted that the delay was due to additional scenes and reshoots that could not be completed until the season at their outdoor location matched previously filmed footage , and Bana had regrown his hair following his work on the 2009 film Star Trek . Produced by New Line Cinema , the film was released on August 14 , 2009 , by Warner Bros. Pictures ."}]}, {'value': 'Clare Abshire', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sherlock Holmes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_(2009_film)', 'summary': "Sherlock Holmes is a 2009 period mystery action film based on the character of the same name created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle . The film was directed by Guy Ritchie and produced by Joel Silver , Lionel Wigram , Susan Downey , and Dan Lin . The screenplay , by Michael Robert Johnson , Anthony Peckham , and Simon Kinberg , was developed from a story by Wigram and Johnson . Robert Downey Jr. and Jude Law portray Sherlock Holmes and Dr. John Watson , respectively . Set in 1890 , eccentric detective Holmes and his companion Watson are hired by a secret society to foil a mysticist 's plot to expand the British Empire by seemingly supernatural means . Rachel McAdams stars as their former adversary Irene Adler and Mark Strong portrays villain Lord Henry Blackwood . The film was widely released in North America on December 25 , 2009 , and on December 26 , 2009 in the UK , Ireland , the Pacific and the Atlantic . Sherlock Holmes received mostly positive critical reaction , with praise for its story , action sequences , set pieces , costume design , Hans Zimmer 's musical score , and Downey 's performance as the main character , winning Downey the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy . The film was also nominated for two Academy Awards , Best Original Score and Best Art Direction . A sequel , Sherlock Holmes : A Game of Shadows , was released on December 16 , 2011 , with a third film scheduled for release on December 22 , 2021 , to be directed by Dexter Fletcher ."}]}, {'value': 'Irene Adler', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Irene_Adler', 'summary': "Irene Adler is a fictional character in the Sherlock Holmes stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle . She was featured in the short story A Scandal in Bohemia , published in July 1891 . She is one of the most notable female characters in the Sherlock Holmes series , despite appearing in only one story . In derivative works , she is frequently used as a romantic interest for Holmes , a departure from Doyle 's novels , in which he harbors a platonic admiration for her wit and cunning ."}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Morning Glory', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morning_Glory_(2010_film)', 'summary': 'Morning Glory is a 2010 American comedy film directed by Roger Michell and written by Aline Brosh McKenna . It stars Rachel McAdams , Harrison Ford and Diane Keaton , with Patrick Wilson , John Pankow and Jeff Goldblum . The plot revolves around young and devoted morning television producer Becky Fuller ( McAdams ) , who is hired as an executive producer on the long-running morning show DayBreak , at a once-prominent but currently failing network in New York City . Eager to keep the show on air , she recruits a former news journalist and anchor ( Ford ) who disapproves of co-hosting a show that does not deal with real news stories . After some delays , the film was released in the United States on November 10 , 2010 , and abroad in 2011 . This marked the first time that Bad Robot Productions produced a comedy film . Morning Glory received mixed reviews and had moderate success at the box office , grossing $ 60 million worldwide .'}]}, {'value': 'Becky Fuller', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Midnight in Paris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Midnight_in_Paris', 'summary': "Midnight in Paris is a 2011 fantasy comedy film written and directed by Woody Allen . Set in Paris , the film follows Gil Pender , a screenwriter , who is forced to confront the shortcomings of his relationship with his materialistic fiancée and their divergent goals , which become increasingly exaggerated as he travels back in time each night at midnight . The movie explores themes of nostalgia and modernism . Produced by the Spanish group Mediapro and Allen 's US-based Gravier Productions , the film stars Owen Wilson , Rachel McAdams , Kathy Bates , Adrien Brody , Carla Bruni , Marion Cotillard , and Michael Sheen . It premiered at the 2011 Cannes Film Festival and was released in the United States on May 20 , 2011 . The film opened to critical acclaim and has commonly been cited as one of Allen 's best films in recent years . In 2012 , the film won both the Oscar for Best Original Screenplay and the Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay ; and was nominated for three other Academy Awards : Best Picture , Best Director and Best Art Direction ."}]}, {'value': 'Inez', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sherlock Holmes : A Game of Shadows', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes:_A_Game_of_Shadows', 'summary': "Sherlock Holmes : A Game of Shadows is a 2011 period action mystery film directed by Guy Ritchie and produced by Joel Silver , Lionel Wigram , Susan Downey , and Dan Lin . It is the sequel to the 2009 film Sherlock Holmes , and features the Sherlock Holmes and Dr. John Watson characters created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle . The film 's screenplay was written by Michele Mulroney and Kieran Mulroney . Robert Downey Jr. and Jude Law reprise their roles as Holmes and Watson , alongside Noomi Rapace as Simza , Stephen Fry as Mycroft Holmes , Jared Harris as Professor Moriarty and Rachel McAdams as Irene Adler . Although the film follows an original premise , it incorporates elements of Conan Doyle 's short stories The Final Problem and The Adventure of the Empty House . In the film , Holmes and Watson travel across Europe with a Romani adventuress to foil an intricate plot by their cunning nemesis , Professor Moriarty , to instigate a war . Upon its release , the film received positive reviews from critics , most of whom praised the plot , the character of Moriarty , action scenes , production values , and the performances of Downey Jr. , Law , and Harris . It was commercially successful , with a worldwide gross of over $ 545 million . A third film is set for release on December 22 , 2021 with Downey and Law set to return ."}]}, {'value': 'Irene Adler', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Vow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Vow_(2012_film)', 'summary': "The Vow is a 2012 American romantic drama film directed by Michael Sucsy and written by Abby Kohn , Marc Silverstein , and Jason Katims , inspired by the true story of Kim and Krickitt Carpenter . The film stars Rachel McAdams and Channing Tatum as the Collinses , with Sam Neill , Scott Speedman , and Jessica Lange in supporting roles . As of 2013 , The Vow was the eighth highest-grossing romantic drama film produced since 1980 . This was Spyglass Entertainment 's last film until the company 's resurrection in 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Paige Collins', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Passion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Passion_(2012_film)', 'summary': "Passion is a 2012 erotic thriller film written and directed by Brian De Palma , starring Rachel McAdams and Noomi Rapace . It is an English-language remake of Alain Corneau 's 2010 thriller film Love Crime , but with the ending greatly altered . The film is an international co-production between France and Germany . The film was selected to compete for the Golden Lion at the 69th Venice International Film Festival ."}]}, {'value': 'Christine Stanford', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'To the Wonder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/To_the_Wonder', 'summary': "To the Wonder is a 2012 American experimental romantic drama film written and directed by Terrence Malick and starring Ben Affleck , Olga Kurylenko , Rachel McAdams , and Javier Bardem . Filmed in Oklahoma and Paris , the film chronicles a couple who , after falling in love in Paris , struggle to keep their relationship from falling apart after moving to the United States . The film premiered in competition at the 2012 Venice Film Festival , where it was nominated for the Golden Lion Award . It received mixed reactions at its premiere in Venice , but was awarded the SIGNIS Award at the same festival . The film continued to polarize critics upon its theatrical release , with many praising Malick 's direction and Lubezki 's cinematography , though finding the narrative emotionally unsatisfying ."}]}, {'value': 'Jane', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'About Time', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/About_Time_(2013_film)', 'summary': 'About Time is a 2013 British romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Richard Curtis , and starring Domhnall Gleeson , Rachel McAdams and Bill Nighy . The film is about a young man with the ability to time travel who tries to change his past in hopes of improving his future . The film was released in the United Kingdom on 4 September 2013 . The film received mixed reviews from critics . The review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a rating of 70% , based on 154 reviews , with an average rating of 6.36/10 . At the box office , it grossed $ 87.1 million against a $ 12 million budget .'}]}, {'value': 'Mary', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Filmography -- Film', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Rachel_McAdams_0', 'intro': "Rachel Anne McAdams (born November 17, 1978) is a Canadian actress. After graduating from a four-year theatre degree program at York University in 2001, she worked in Canadian television and film productions, such as the drama film Perfect Pie (2002), for which she received a Genie Award nomination, the comedy film My Name Is Tanino (2002), and the comedy series Slings and Arrows, for which she won a Gemini Award. In 2002 she made her Hollywood film debut in the comedy The Hot Chick. McAdams rose to fame in 2004 with the comedy Mean Girls and the romantic drama The Notebook. In 2005, she starred in the romantic comedy Wedding Crashers, the psychological thriller Red Eye, and the comedy-drama The Family Stone. She was hailed by the media as Hollywood's new it girl, and received a BAFTA Award nomination for Best Rising Star. After a brief sabbatical, she returned to prominence in 2009, by appearing in the political thriller State of Play, the romance The Time Traveler's Wife, and the mystery film Sherlock Holmes. In 2010, McAdams appeared in her first star vehicle, the comedy Morning Glory, and went on to star in the films Midnight in Paris (2011), The Vow (2012), and About Time (2013). In 2015, she starred in the second season of the HBO crime drama series True Detective, and portrayed the journalist Sacha Pfeiffer in the drama Spotlight. For the latter, she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. In 2016, she played Christine Palmer in the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero film Doctor Strange. In 2018, she starred in the comedy Game Night and the romantic drama Disobedience."}
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What role is played by Rachel McAdams in the film starring Russell Crowe as a journalist ?
Della Frye
04baf691305c2502
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Catholic_churches_in_the_United_States', 'title': 'List of Catholic churches in the United States', 'header': ['Church', 'Dates', 'Location', 'City , State', 'Description'], 'data': [{'value': 'Church of St. Adrian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_St._Adrian-Catholic', 'summary': 'Church of St. Adrian - Catholic is a historic church building at Main and Church Streets in Adrian , Minnesota , United States . Bishop John Ireland was noticing the development of the southwestern Minnesota prairie land in the late 1870s . He directed Mayor Ben Thompson to scout out sites in the area . In 1877 , the bishop established a new parish in Adrian , which at the time had only three houses , two stores , one hotel , a wayside station , and only one practicing Catholic . The new parish was presided over by Father C. J. Knauf and named after Saint Adrian the warrior . The first building was a wood-framed building , built in 1878 at a cost of $ 700 . In 1887 , a brick-veneered building was built , but it was destroyed by a fire on December 24 , 1899 . $ 30,000 was raised toward the cost of a new church , whose cornerstone was laid on July 4 , 1900 . The congregation started worshiping in the new church the following year . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 . The parish is now part of a four-parish cluster with Church of St. Kilian in Wilmont Township , St. Anthony in Lismore , and Our Lady of Good Counsel in Wilmont .'}]}, {'value': '1900 built 1980 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Main & Church Streets 43°37′51″N 95°55′58″W / 43.63083°N 95.93278°W / 43.63083 ; -95.93278 ( Church of St. Adrian ( Adrian , Minnesota ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adrian , Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adrian,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Adrian is a city in Nobles County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 1,209 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Romanesque', 'urls': []}, {'value': "St. Augustine 's Church", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/St._Augustine's_Church_(Austin,_Minnesota)", 'summary': "St. Augustine 's Church is a Roman Catholic church in Austin , Minnesota , United States , located in the Diocese of Winona . Completed in 1896 , both the interior and exterior have been well-preserved , showcasing a distinct Gothic Revival architecture style . The large sanctuary can accommodate more than 600 people ."}]}, {'value': '1896 built', 'urls': []}, {'value': "405 4th St NW 43°40′12.2″N 92°58′47.6″W / 43.670056°N 92.979889°W / 43.670056 ; -92.979889 ( St. Augustine 's Church ( Austin , Minnesota ) )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Austin , Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Austin,_Minnesota', 'summary': "Austin is a city in , and the county seat of , Mower County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 24,718 at the 2010 census . The town was originally settled along the Cedar River and has two artificial lakes , East Side Lake and Mill Pond . It was named for Austin R. Nichols , the area 's first European settler . Hormel Foods Corporation is Austin 's largest employer , and the town is sometimes called SPAM Town USA . Austin is home to Hormel 's corporate headquarters , a factory that makes most of North America 's SPAM tinned meat , and the Spam Museum . Austin is also home to the Hormel Institute , a leading cancer research institution operated by the University of Minnesota with significant support from the Mayo Clinic . In 2015 Austin was named one of the Top 10 Affordable Small Towns Where You 'd Actually Want to Live and one of the Best Small Cities in America ."}]}, {'value': 'Gothic revival', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Church of St. Francis Xavier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_St._Francis_Xavier_(Benson,_Minnesota)', 'summary': "The Church of St. Francis Xavier ( St. Francis for short ) is a Roman Catholic church in Benson , Minnesota , United States . The parish was founded in 1881 and its current building was designed by architect Emmanuel Louis Masqueray and constructed in 1917 . St. Francis 's building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985 for having local significance in the themes of architecture and European ethnic heritage . It was nominated for being one of west-central Minnesota 's most architecturally sophisticated churches , for its Renaissance Revival design by Masqueray , and for its association with a parish of Swift County 's late-19th-century Catholic settlers . The parish is now part of St. Isidore the Farmer Area Faith Community , which also includes St. John in Appleton , St. Malachy in Clontarf , St. Bridget in De Graff , Sacred Heart in Murdock , and Visitation Oratory in Danvers ."}]}, {'value': '1917 built 1985 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '508 13th Street N. 45°19′6″N 95°35′52″W / 45.31833°N 95.59778°W / 45.31833 ; -95.59778 ( Church of St. Francis Xavier ( Benson , Minnesota ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Benson , Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Benson,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Benson is a city in Swift County , Minnesota , United States , which is located along the Chippewa River . The population was 3,240 at the 2010 census . It is the county seat .'}]}, {'value': "One of west-central Minnesota 's most architecturally sophisticated churches , designed in Renaissance Revival style by Emmanuel Louis Masqueray", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Renaissance_Revival_architecture', 'summary': 'Renaissance Revival architecture ( sometimes referred to as Neo-Renaissance ) is a group of 19th century architectural revival styles which were neither Greek Revival nor Gothic Revival but which instead drew inspiration from a wide range of classicizing Italian modes . Under the broad designation Renaissance architecture nineteenth-century architects and critics went beyond the architectural style which began in Florence and central Italy in the early 15th century as an expression of Renaissance humanism ; they also included styles we would identify as Mannerist or Baroque . Self-applied style designations were rife in the mid- and later nineteenth century : Neo-Renaissance might be applied by contemporaries to structures that others called Italianate , or when many French Baroque features are present ( Second Empire ) . The divergent forms of Renaissance architecture in different parts of Europe , particularly in France and Italy , has added to the difficulty of defining and recognizing Neo-Renaissance architecture . A comparison between the breadth of its source material , such as the English Wollaton Hall , Italian Palazzo Pitti , the French Château de Chambord , and the Russian Palace of Facets - all deemed Renaissance - illustrates the variety of appearances the same architectural label can take .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Emmanuel_Louis_Masqueray', 'summary': 'Emmanuel Louis Masqueray ( 1861-1917 ) was a Franco-American preeminent figure in the history of American architecture , both as a gifted designer of landmark buildings and as an influential teacher of the profession of architecture dedicated to the principals of Beaux-Arts architecture .'}]}, {'value': 'Church of St. Joseph', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_St._Joseph_(Browerville,_Minnesota)', 'summary': 'The historic Church of St. Joseph ( now named Christ the King Catholic Church ) is a church in Browerville , Minnesota , United States . It was built from 1908 to 1909 by a community of Polish immigrants that had established itself in the area from 1870 to 1900 . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Church of St. Joseph -- Catholic in 1985 for its local significance in the themes of architecture , exploration/settlement , and religion . It was nominated for its unifying central role in an immigrant community .'}]}, {'value': '1908 built 1985 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '720 N. Main Street 46°5′12″N 94°52′4″W / 46.08667°N 94.86778°W / 46.08667 ; -94.86778 ( Church of St. Joseph ( Browerville , Minnesota ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Browerville , Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Browerville,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Browerville is a city in Todd County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 790 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Baroque Revival church anchoring a Polish American community', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baroque_Revival_architecture', 'summary': 'The Baroque Revival , also known as Neo-Baroque ( or Second Empire architecture in France and Wilhelminism in Germany ) , was an architectural style of the late 19th century . The term is used to describe architecture and architectural sculptures which display important aspects of Baroque style , but are not of the original Baroque period . Elements of the Baroque architectural tradition were an essential part of the curriculum of the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris , the pre-eminent school of architecture in the second half of the 19th century , and are integral to the Beaux-Arts architecture it engendered both in France and abroad . An ebullient sense of European imperialism encouraged an official architecture to reflect it in Britain and France , and in Germany and Italy the Baroque Revival expressed pride in the new power of the unified state .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Polish_Americans', 'summary': "Polish Americans are Americans who have total or partial Polish ancestry . There are an estimated 10.5 million self-identified Polish Americans , representing about 3% of the U.S. population . Polish Americans are the largest Slavic and West Slavic ethnic group in the United States , second largest Central European group after the Germans , and the eighth largest immigrant group overall . The first Polish settlers arrived at Walter Raleigh 's failed Roanoke Colony in 1585 . In 1608 Polish settlers came to the Virginia Colony as skilled craftsmen . Two early Polish visitors , Casimir Pulaski and Tadeusz Kościuszko , led armies in the Revolutionary War and are remembered as national heroes . Overall , around 2.2 million Poles and Polish subjects immigrated into the United States , between 1820 and 1914 , chiefly after national insurgencies and famine . They included former Polish citizens of Roman Catholic , Protestant , Jewish or other minority descent . Exact immigration figures are unknown . Many immigrants were classified as Russian , German or Austrian by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service as the Polish state did not exist from 1795 to 1918 when the former territories of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth were under Prussian , Austrian-Hungarian and Russian control . Complicating the U.S. Census figures further is the high proportion of Polish Americans who married people of other national descent . In 1940 , about 50 percent married other American ethnics and a study in 1988 found that 54% of Polish Americans were of mixed ancestry from three generations or longer ."}]}, {'value': 'Church of St. Hubertus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_St._Hubertus-Catholic', 'summary': 'The Church of St. Hubertus is a historic church in Chanhassen , Minnesota , United States , built in 1887 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 for having local significance in the themes of community planning and development and exploration/settlement . It was nominated for symbolizing the Franciscan brotherhood that platted and grew the German Catholic settlement that became Chanhassen . The town itself was first named St. Hubertus before it became Chanhassen . The congregation was established by Father Aloysius Wewer in 1877 . The 1887 building was actually the third building used by the congregation . It was built by John Geiser ( 1812-1902 ) , who also carved the altar and built about 30 other churches in his lifetime . The parish built its fourth church building in 1976 , then built its present building in 1997 .'}]}, {'value': '1887 built 1982 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Great Plains Boulevard & West 78th Street 44°51′43″N 93°31′51″W / 44.86194°N 93.53083°W / 44.86194 ; -93.53083 ( Church of St. Hubertus ( Chanhassen , Minnesota ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chanhassen , Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chanhassen,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Chanhassen is a city southwest of Minneapolis in Carver County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 22,952 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sts . Peter and Paul Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saints_Peter_and_Paul_Church_(Chisholm,_Minnesota)', 'summary': 'The Saints Peter and Paul Church in Chisholm , Minnesota is a former Ukrainian Catholic church building . It was built in 1916 by a congregation of Ukrainian immigrants . The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Saints Peter and Paul Church-Ukrainian Catholic in 1980 for its local significance in the themes of religion and social history . It was nominated for its role in anchoring its community of Ukrainian Americans , the final ethnic group to arrive on the Iron Range during its turn-of-the-20th-century immigration influx .'}]}, {'value': '1916 built 1980 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '530 Central Avenue 47°29′1″N 92°52′43″W / 47.48361°N 92.87861°W / 47.48361 ; -92.87861 ( Saints Peter and Paul Church ( Chisholm , Minnesota ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chisholm , Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chisholm,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Chisholm is a city in Saint Louis County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 4,976 at the 2010 census . U.S. Highway 169 and State Highway 73 ( MN 73 ) are two of the main routes in Chisholm . A mining town on the Mesabi Range , Chisholm was founded by Archibald Mark Chisholm .'}]}, {'value': 'Anchored a Ukrainian American community on the Iron Range', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ukrainian_Americans', 'summary': "Ukrainian Americans ( Ukrainian : Українські американці , romanized : Ukrayins'ki amerykantsi ) are Americans who are of Ukrainian ancestry . According to U.S. census estimates , in 2006 there were 961,113 Americans of Ukrainian descent representing 0.33% of the American population . The Ukrainian population of the United States is thus the second largest outside the former Eastern Bloc ; only Canada has a larger Ukrainian community under this definition . According to the 2000 U.S. census , the metropolitan areas with the largest numbers of Ukrainian Americans are : New York City with 160,000 ; Philadelphia with 60,000 ; Chicago with 46,000 ; Los Angeles with 34,000 ; Detroit with 33,000 ; Cleveland with 26,000 ; and Indianapolis with 19,000 . In 2018 , the number of Ukrainian Americans surpassed 1 million ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Iron_Range', 'summary': 'The term Iron Range refers collectively or individually to a number of elongated iron-ore mining districts around Lake Superior in the United States and Canada . Despite the word range , the iron ranges are not mountain chains , but outcrops of Precambrian sedimentary formations containing high percentages of iron . These cherty iron ore deposits are Precambrian in age for the Vermilion Range , while middle Precambrian in age for the Mesabi and Cuyuna ranges , all in Minnesota . The Gogebic Range in Wisconsin and the Marquette Iron Range and Menominee Range in Michigan have similar characteristics and are of similar age . Natural ores and concentrates were produced from 1848 until the mid 1950s , when taconites and jaspers were concentrated and pelletized , and started to become the major source of iron production . The far eastern area , containing the Duluth Complex along the shore of Lake Superior , and the far northern area , along the Canada-US border , of the region are not associated with iron ore mining . Due to its shape , the area is collectively referred to as the Arrowhead region of Minnesota . It consists of seven counties : Aitkin , Carlton , Cook , Itasca , Koochiching , Lake , and Saint Louis .'}]}, {'value': 'Church of Sts . Joseph and Mary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_Sts._Joseph_and_Mary-Catholic', 'summary': "The Church of Saints Joseph and Mary or Sawyer Log Church was built in 1884 by Ojibwe parishioners in Sawyer , Minnesota , United States . It is one of the state 's oldest Catholic churches built among the Ojibwe people , one of the oldest churches in northern Minnesota overall , and one of Carlton County 's few historic buildings to predate the 1918 Cloquet Fire ."}]}, {'value': '1884 built 1984 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mission Road 46°41′2.57″N 92°38′12.28″W / 46.6840472°N 92.6367444°W / 46.6840472 ; -92.6367444 ( Church of Sts . Joseph and Mary ( Cloquet , Minnesota ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cloquet , Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cloquet,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Cloquet ( /kloʊˈkeɪ/ ( listen ) kloh-KAY ) is a city in Carlton County , Minnesota , United States , located at the junction of Interstate 35 and Minnesota State Highway 33 . A portion of the city lies within the Fond du Lac Indian Reservation and also serves as one of three administrative centers for the Indian Reservation . The population was 12,124 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Native American , Log', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_(Crookston,_Minnesota)', 'summary': "The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception is a Catholic cathedral in Crookston , Minnesota , United States . It is the seat of the Diocese of Crookston . The present Cathedral was dedicated September 25 , 1990 and is designed in the modern style . Prominent within the cathedral is the magnificent organ which is Opus 2132 of the Reuter Organ Company of Lawrence , Kansas . It is a two-manual , 31-rank instrument that contains approximately 1789 pipes . The cathedral 's west bell tower features a shrine to the Holy Family . The Blessed Sacrament Chapel located in the southwest corner of the church , houses the cathedral 's Tabernacle , as well as the cathedral 's reliquary , and shrine to Our Lady of Guadeloupe . It replaced the previous cathedral of the same name which had been built in 1912 at the intersection of North Ash Street and Second Avenue . The earlier Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception is unusual for having three spires on its Neo-Gothic facade , whereas most Neo-Gothic churches have two . Architect Bert Keck designed this church , along with the former Cathedral of the Sacred Heart in Duluth , Minnesota . None of these buildings serve as churches any longer . Keck 's design included two balconies , on the north and the south side of the church , for antiphonal choir responses ."}]}, {'value': '1990 built', 'urls': []}, {'value': '702 Summit Avenue 47°46′30″N 96°35′25″W / 47.77500°N 96.59028°W / 47.77500 ; -96.59028 ( Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception ( Crookston , Minnesota ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Crookston , Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Crookston,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Crookston is a city in the U.S. state of Minnesota . It is the county seat of Polk County . The population was 7,891 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Grand Forks , ND-MN Metropolitan Statistical Area or Greater Grand Forks . Crookston is the episcopal seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Crookston . Crookston is partially a commuter town to the larger city of Grand Forks , North Dakota .'}]}, {'value': 'Seat of the Diocese of Crookston', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Crookston', 'summary': 'The Roman Catholic Diocese of Crookston ( Latin : Dioecesis Crookstoniensis ) is the diocese of the Western or Latin Church of the Catholic Church that covers the northwest section of the state of Minnesota in the United States of America . The current bishop of the diocese is Michael Hoeppner . It is a suffragan see of the Archdiocese of St. Paul and Minneapolis . The Episcopal see for the diocese is Crookston , Minnesota . The cathedral parish of the diocese is the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception . The Diocese of Crookston comprises the 14 counties of Kittson , Roseau , Lake of the Woods , Marshall , Polk , Red Lake , Pennington , Clearwater , Beltrami , Norman , Mahnomen , Hubbard , Clay and Becker . The diocese was founded on December 31 , 1909 by Pope Pius X . Its territory was taken from the Archdiocese of Saint Paul .'}]}, {'value': 'Former Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Immaculate_Conception_(Crookston,_Minnesota)', 'summary': "The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception is a Catholic cathedral in Crookston , Minnesota , United States . It is the seat of the Diocese of Crookston . The present Cathedral was dedicated September 25 , 1990 and is designed in the modern style . Prominent within the cathedral is the magnificent organ which is Opus 2132 of the Reuter Organ Company of Lawrence , Kansas . It is a two-manual , 31-rank instrument that contains approximately 1789 pipes . The cathedral 's west bell tower features a shrine to the Holy Family . The Blessed Sacrament Chapel located in the southwest corner of the church , houses the cathedral 's Tabernacle , as well as the cathedral 's reliquary , and shrine to Our Lady of Guadeloupe . It replaced the previous cathedral of the same name which had been built in 1912 at the intersection of North Ash Street and Second Avenue . The earlier Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception is unusual for having three spires on its Neo-Gothic facade , whereas most Neo-Gothic churches have two . Architect Bert Keck designed this church , along with the former Cathedral of the Sacred Heart in Duluth , Minnesota . None of these buildings serve as churches any longer . Keck 's design included two balconies , on the north and the south side of the church , for antiphonal choir responses ."}]}, {'value': '1912 built 1998 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'N. Ash St. at 2nd Ave. 47°46′27″N 96°36′15″W / 47.77417°N 96.60417°W / 47.77417 ; -96.60417 ( Former Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception ( Crookston , Minnesota ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Crookston , Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Crookston,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Crookston is a city in the U.S. state of Minnesota . It is the county seat of Polk County . The population was 7,891 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Grand Forks , ND-MN Metropolitan Statistical Area or Greater Grand Forks . Crookston is the episcopal seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Crookston . Crookston is partially a commuter town to the larger city of Grand Forks , North Dakota .'}]}, {'value': 'Gothic Revival . A local organization has plans to develop the building as an arts and community center', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Church of St. Bridget', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_St._Bridget', 'summary': "The Church of St. Bridget is a Roman Catholic church in De Graff , Minnesota , United States . The parish , founded in 1876 , was the first established in a major drive by Archbishop John Ireland to settle western Minnesota with Catholics . Its current building was constructed in 1901 and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985 for having local significance in the themes of architecture , community planning and development , exploration/settlement , and religion . It was nominated for its association with the beginning of Archbishop Ireland 's colonization effort , the influence of the Catholic church on De Graff 's development and population , and for being a rare outstate church building designed by Saint Paul architect Edward J. Donahue ."}]}, {'value': '1901 built 1985 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '501 3rd Street South 45°15′33″N 95°28′8″W / 45.25917°N 95.46889°W / 45.25917 ; -95.46889 ( Church of St. Bridget ( De Graff , Minnesota ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'De Graff , Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/De_Graff,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'De Graff is a city in Swift County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 115 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': "Built in the first parish established during Archbishop John Ireland 's late-19th-century efforts to resettle Catholics in western Minnesota", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Ireland_(bishop)', 'summary': 'John Ireland ( September 11 , 1838 - September 25 , 1918 ) was the third Roman Catholic bishop and first Roman Catholic archbishop of Saint Paul , Minnesota ( 1888-1918 ) . He became both a religious as well as civic leader in Saint Paul during the turn of the 20th century . Ireland was known for his progressive stance on education , immigration and relations between church and state , as well as his opposition to saloons and political corruption . He promoted the Americanization of Catholicism , especially in the furtherance of progressive social ideals . He was a leader of the modernizing element in the Roman Catholic Church during the Progressive Era . He created or helped to create many religious and educational institutions in Minnesota . He is also remembered for his acrimonious relations with Eastern Catholics .'}]}, {'value': 'Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Rosary_(Duluth,_Minnesota)', 'summary': 'The Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary , also known simply as the Cathedral of Our Lady , is a Catholic cathedral located in Duluth , Minnesota , United States . It is the seat of the Diocese of Duluth . The present Italianate cathedral was completed in 1957 and replaced the former Sacred Heart Cathedral , which is now a music center .'}]}, {'value': '1957 built', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2801 East 4th Street 46°48′58″N 92°4′6″W / 46.81611°N 92.06833°W / 46.81611 ; -92.06833 ( Cathedral of Our Lady of the Rosary ( Duluth , Minnesota ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Duluth , Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duluth,_Minnesota', 'summary': "Duluth /dəˈluːθ/ ( listen ) is a major port city in the U.S. state of Minnesota and the county seat of Saint Louis County . Duluth has a population of 85,884 and is the 4th largest city in Minnesota . It is the 2nd largest city on Lake Superior , after Thunder Bay , Ontario . It has the largest metropolitan area on the lake , with a population of 279,771 in 2010 , the second-largest in the state . Situated on the north shore of Lake Superior at the westernmost point of the Great Lakes , Duluth is accessible to oceangoing vessels from the Atlantic Ocean 2,300 miles ( 3,700 km ) away via the Great Lakes Waterway and the Saint Lawrence Seaway . Duluth forms a metropolitan area with neighboring Superior , Wisconsin ; together they are called the Twin Ports . The cities share the Duluth-Superior harbor and together are the Great Lakes ' largest port , transporting coal , iron ore ( taconite ) , and grain . A tourist destination for the Midwest , Duluth features the United States ' only all-freshwater aquarium , the Great Lakes Aquarium ; the Aerial Lift Bridge , which spans the Duluth Ship Canal into the Duluth-Superior Harbor ; and Minnesota Point ( known locally as Park Point ) , the world 's longest freshwater baymouth bar , spanning 6 miles ( 10 km ) . The city is also the starting point for vehicle trips along Minnesota 's North Shore . The city is named for Daniel Greysolon , Sieur du Lhut , the first known European explorer of the area ."}]}, {'value': 'Seat of the Diocese of Duluth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Duluth', 'summary': 'The Roman Catholic Diocese of Duluth ( Latin : Dioecesis Duluthensis ) is a Roman Catholic diocese in Minnesota . The episcopal see is in Duluth , Minnesota . The diocese includes Aitkin , Carlton , Cass , Cook , Crow Wing , Itasca , Koochiching , Lake , Pine and St. Louis Counties .'}]}, {'value': 'Church of St. Joseph', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_St._Joseph_(Elmer,_Minnesota)', 'summary': 'The Church of St. Joseph is a former Roman Catholic church building in the unincorporated community of Elmer , Minnesota , United States . It was built in 1913 by the Duluth and Iron Range Railroad as a bonus to settlers the company had recruited to buy its surplus land . The Church of St. Joseph was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002 for its local significance in the theme of exploration/settlement . The nomination includes the associated cemetery , located across the road to the east . The property was nominated for illustrating the corporate efforts to settle northern Minnesota once it had been cleared of valuable timber .'}]}, {'value': '1913 built 2002 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7897 Elmer Road 47°5′1″N 92°46′37″W / 47.08361°N 92.77694°W / 47.08361 ; -92.77694 ( Church of St. Joseph ( Elmer , Minnesota ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elmer , Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elmer,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Elmer is an unincorporated community in Elmer Township , Saint Louis County , Minnesota , United States . The community is located near Meadowlands at the intersection of County Road 199 ( Elmer Road ) and County Road 193 ( Bailey Road ) . Saint Louis County Highway 5 , County Highway 133 , and Meadowlands Trunk Road are all in the vicinity . The Saint Louis River is nearby .'}]}, {'value': "Built for settlers recruited to farm a railroad company 's surplus land once it had been cleared of valuable timber", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Church of the Holy Family', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Family_(Eveleth,_Minnesota)', 'summary': "The Church of the Holy Family is a historic Roman Catholic church building in Eveleth , Minnesota , United States . It was built in 1909 by a Slovene American congregation and anchored its ethnic community for seventy years . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 for its local significance in the themes of religion and social history . It was nominated for serving as a long-time community anchor for one of Eveleth 's major ethnic groups . Eveleth 's three ethnic Roman Catholic parishes merged in the late 20th century , first with the historically Irish St. Patrick 's church joining the Holy Family congregation in 1968 . Ten years later , with the addition of the historically Italian congregation from Immaculate Conception church , Holy Family was renamed Resurrection Church ."}]}, {'value': '1909 built 1980 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '307 Adams Avenue 47°27′45″N 92°32′18″W / 47.46250°N 92.53833°W / 47.46250 ; -92.53833 ( Church of the Holy Family ( Eveleth , Minnesota ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eveleth , Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eveleth,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Eveleth is a city in Saint Louis County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 3,718 at the 2010 census . U.S. Highway 53 and State Highway 37 ( MN 37 ) are two of the main routes in Eveleth . The city briefly entered the national news in October 2002 when U.S . Senator Paul Wellstone , along with seven others , died in a plane crash , two miles away from the airport of Eveleth . It was also the site of the conflict that resulted in the court case Jenson v. Eveleth Taconite Co. , and the film North Country , which was based on it . Eveleth is home of the United States Hockey Hall of Fame . Eveleth also is home to the Eveleth-Gilbert Senior High School . Eveleth is part of the Quad Cities of Virginia , Gilbert , and Mountain Iron .'}]}, {'value': "Built to anchor a city 's sizeable Slovene American population", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Slovene_American', 'summary': 'Slovene Americans or Slovenian Americans are Americans of full or partial Slovene or Slovenian ancestry . Slovenes mostly immigrated to America during the Slovene mass emigration period from the 1880s to World War I .'}]}, {'value': 'Church of the Sacred Heart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_the_Sacred_Heart_(Freeport,_Minnesota)', 'summary': "The Church of the Sacred Heart is a historic Roman Catholic church building in Freeport , Minnesota , United States . The church was constructed from 1905 to 1906 as the third and largest building to house a congregation formed by the community 's German American settlers in 1881 . The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991 as Church of the Sacred Heart ( Catholic ) for its local significance in the theme of social history . It was nominated for demonstrating the central role played by the Catholic church in Freeport and many other Central Minnesota communities settled by German immigrants ."}]}, {'value': '1905 built 1991 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '110 3rd Avenue Northeast 45°39′46″N 94°41′10″W / 45.66278°N 94.68611°W / 45.66278 ; -94.68611 ( Church of the Sacred Heart ( Freeport , Minnesota ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Freeport , Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Freeport,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Freeport is a city in Stearns County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 632 at the 2010 census . Freeport is part of the St . Cloud Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Built for a German American community settled in 1876', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/German_American', 'summary': "German Americans ( German : Deutschamerikaner , pronounced [ ˈdɔʏ̯tʃʔameʁiˌkaːnɐ ] ) are Americans who have full or partial German ancestry . With an estimated size of approximately 44 million in 2016 , German Americans are the largest of the self-reported ancestry groups by the US Census Bureau in its American Community Survey . German-Americans account for about one third of the total ethnic German population in the world . None of the German states had American colonies . In the 1670s , the first significant groups of German immigrants arrived in the British colonies , settling primarily in Pennsylvania , New York , and Virginia . Immigration continued in very large numbers during the 19th century , with eight million arrivals from Germany . Between 1820 and 1870 more than seven and a half million German immigrants came to the United States . By 2010 , their population grew to 49.8 million German Americans , reflecting a jump of six million people since 2000 . There is a German belt that extends all the way across the United States , from eastern Pennsylvania to the Oregon coast . Pennsylvania has the largest population of German-Americans in the U.S. and is home to one of the group 's original settlements , Germantown ( Philadelphia ) , founded in 1683 and the birthplace of the American antislavery movement in 1688 , as well as the revolutionary Battle of Germantown . The state of Pennsylvania has 3.5 million people of German ancestry . They were pulled by the attractions of land and religious freedom , and pushed out of Germany by shortages of land and religious or political oppression ."}]}, {'value': 'Church of St. Peter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_St._Peter-Catholic', 'summary': "St. Peter 's Catholic Church is a historic church in Gentilly Township , Minnesota , United States . The church , built from 1914 to 1915 , and the adjacent 1902 rectory were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982 . The church was noted for its exemplary Gothic Revival architecture , and both buildings served as the anchor of a Catholic French Canadian settlement . St. Peter 's celebrated its centennial in 2014 with a renovation project ."}]}, {'value': '1915 built 1982 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '25823 185th Avenue Southwest 47°47′32″N 96°26′54″W / 47.79222°N 96.44833°W / 47.79222 ; -96.44833 ( Church of St. Peter ( Gentilly , Minnesota ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gentilly , Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gentilly_Township,_Polk_County,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Gentilly Township is a township in Polk County , Minnesota , United States . It is part of the Grand Forks-ND-MN Metropolitan Statistical Area . The population was 319 at the 2000 census . Founded by French-Canadians , Gentilly Township was organized in 1879 , and named after Gentilly , Quebec .'}]}, {'value': 'Neo-Gothic', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Church of Sts . Peter and Paul', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_Sts._Peter_and_Paul-Catholic', 'summary': "Church of Sts . Peter and Paul - Catholic is a historic church building on State Street in Gilman , Minnesota , United States . It was built in 1930 to serve a Polish-American congregation and designed in the Beaux Arts style by the Minneapolis architectural firm of Cordell & Olson . The first church was a log structure in 1872 . It was known as the church of St. Wenceslas . Then a new church was built in the 1880s and was a frame structure known as St. Casimir 's Church . The old log church was converted into classrooms . A new school building was built in 1909 and is present today . St. Casimir 's church was destroyed by fire in 1891 . A new and larger frame building was constructed for the new church . This church building stood north of the present brick building . The school building was completed in 1909 ."}]}, {'value': '1930 built 1982 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'State Street 45°44′11″N 93°56′43″W / 45.73639°N 93.94528°W / 45.73639 ; -93.94528 ( Church of Sts . Peter and Paul ( Gilman , Minnesota ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gilman , Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gilman,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Gilman is a city in Benton County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 224 at the 2010 census . It is part of the St . Cloud Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Beaux Arts', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Church of St. Francis Xavier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_St._Francis_Xavier_(Grand_Marais,_Minnesota)', 'summary': 'Church of St. Francis Xavier is a historic church on Minnesota Highway 61 in Grand Marais , Minnesota , United States . The church began as a Jesuit mission from Fort William , Ontario in 1855 to minister to the Ojibwe residents of the area . The permanent structure was built in 1895 and was used until declining attendance forced it to close in 1936 . The Cook County Historical society restored the site between 1970 and 1974 and it was added to the National Register in 1986 .'}]}, {'value': '1895 built 1985 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13th Street North & Montana Avenue 47°45′29″N 90°18′43″W / 47.75806°N 90.31194°W / 47.75806 ; -90.31194 ( Church of St. Francis Xavier ( Grand Marais , Minnesota ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grand Marais , Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grand_Marais,_Minnesota', 'summary': "Grand Marais ( /ˌɡrænd məˈreɪ/ ) is a city in Cook County , Minnesota , United States . It is a northern town on the North Shore with a population of 1,351 at the 2010 census . It is also the county seat and sole municipality of Cook County . Prior to inhabitation by French Canadian settlers and prior to Minnesota 's statehood , Grand Marais was inhabited by the Anishinaabe indigenous people , the thriving woodland people also known as the Ojibwe . The Ojibwe name for the area is Gichi-biitoobiig , which means great duplicate water , parallel body of water or double body of water ( like a bayou ) , a reference to the two bays which form the large harbor of Lake Superior . The area was a bustling fur trading station since the 1700s , and the French Canadian Voyageurs termed the settled village Grand Marais which is French for Great Marsh , referring to a marsh that , in early fur-trading times , was 20 acres ( 8.1 ha ) or less in area , nearly at the level of Lake Superior , and situated at the head of the little bay and harbor that led to the settlement of the village there . Another small bay on the east , less protected from storms , is separated from the harbor by a slight projecting point and a short beach . Also , Grand Marais also may mean sheltered water area , as the harbor has natural breakwall rock outcroppings , providing for a natural safe harbor for early Lake Superior explorers . Located on the east side of Grand Marais is Chippewa City . Chippewa City thrived in the 1890s , with about 100 families living in the village . The historic Francis Xavier church still stands slightly north of town , just off Highway 61 . The church began as a Jesuit mission from Fort William , Ontario in 1855 to minister to the Ojibwe residents of the area ."}]}, {'value': 'Now a Cook County Historical Society museum', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Church of the Sacred Heart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_the_Sacred_Heart_(Heron_Lake,_Minnesota)', 'summary': 'The Church of the Sacred Heart ( Catholic ) is a Roman Catholic church in Heron Lake , Minnesota , United States . Built in 1921 at a cost of $ 150,000 , the church was designed by architects Parkinson & Dockendorff of La Crosse , Wisconsin . The design is Neo-Baroque with neoclassical touches . It was modeled after Central European churches and based on a basilica plan with prominent twin bell towers . It was dedicated in August 1921 in a ceremony officiated by Bishop Patrick R. Heffron of the Diocese of Winona . The church was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989 .'}]}, {'value': '1921 built 1989 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9th Street & 4th Avenue 43°47′41″N 95°19′2″W / 43.79472°N 95.31722°W / 43.79472 ; -95.31722 ( Church of the Sacred Heart ( Heron Lake , Minnesota ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Heron Lake , Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heron_Lake,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Heron Lake is a city in Jackson County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 698 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Neo-Baroque , Other', 'urls': []}, {'value': "St. Mary 's Church of the Purification", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Saint_Mary's_Church_of_the_Purification_(Shakopee,_Minnesota)", 'summary': "St. Mary 's Church of the Purification in Marystown , Minnesota , United States , is a stone church building completed in 1882 . The spire was finished in 1883 , bringing the total cost of the new church to $ 8,246.62 ."}]}, {'value': '1882 built 1980 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': "15850 Marystown Road 44°43′13″N 93°32′31″W / 44.72028°N 93.54194°W / 44.72028 ; -93.54194 ( St. Mary 's Church of the Purification ( Marystown , Minnesota ) )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marystown , Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisville_Township,_Scott_County,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Louisville Township is a township in Scott County , Minnesota , in the United States . The population was 1,359 at the 2000 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Romanesque', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Church of St. Mary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Church_of_St._Mary_(Melrose,_Minnesota)', 'summary': "The Church of St. Mary , formerly the Church of St. Boniface , is a historic Roman Catholic church in Melrose , Minnesota , United States . The church and the adjacent 1907 rectory were listed together on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993 for having local significance in the themes of European ethnic heritage and social history . The property was nominated to the Register as a manifestation of the importance of ethnic parishes in the cultural and religious life of Minnesota 's rural German American populace in the 19th and early 20th centuries . On March 11 , 2016 , the Church of St. Mary was heavily damaged by a fire ."}]}, {'value': '1899 built 1993 NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': '203 South 5th Avenue East 45°40′21″N 94°48′28″W / 45.67250°N 94.80778°W / 45.67250 ; -94.80778 ( Church of St. Mary ( Melrose , Minnesota ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melrose , Minnesota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melrose,_Minnesota', 'summary': 'Melrose is a city in Stearns County , Minnesota , United States . The population was 3,598 at the 2010 census . It is part of the St . Cloud Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Formerly the Church of St. Boniface . Built for a rural German American congregation . Gutted by a fire in March 2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/German_American', 'summary': "German Americans ( German : Deutschamerikaner , pronounced [ ˈdɔʏ̯tʃʔameʁiˌkaːnɐ ] ) are Americans who have full or partial German ancestry . With an estimated size of approximately 44 million in 2016 , German Americans are the largest of the self-reported ancestry groups by the US Census Bureau in its American Community Survey . German-Americans account for about one third of the total ethnic German population in the world . None of the German states had American colonies . In the 1670s , the first significant groups of German immigrants arrived in the British colonies , settling primarily in Pennsylvania , New York , and Virginia . Immigration continued in very large numbers during the 19th century , with eight million arrivals from Germany . Between 1820 and 1870 more than seven and a half million German immigrants came to the United States . By 2010 , their population grew to 49.8 million German Americans , reflecting a jump of six million people since 2000 . There is a German belt that extends all the way across the United States , from eastern Pennsylvania to the Oregon coast . Pennsylvania has the largest population of German-Americans in the U.S. and is home to one of the group 's original settlements , Germantown ( Philadelphia ) , founded in 1683 and the birthplace of the American antislavery movement in 1688 , as well as the revolutionary Battle of Germantown . The state of Pennsylvania has 3.5 million people of German ancestry . They were pulled by the attractions of land and religious freedom , and pushed out of Germany by shortages of land and religious or political oppression ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Minnesota', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Catholic_churches_in_the_United_States_23', 'intro': 'This is a list of notable Catholic churches and cathedrals in the United States.'}
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What diocese is the church located in that is in the county seat of Mower County ?
Winona
04bbb8a66f9522b0
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Sinfonians', 'title': 'List of Sinfonians', 'header': ['Name', 'Original chapter', 'Notability'], 'data': [{'value': 'Samuel Adler', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samuel_Adler_(composer)', 'summary': "Samuel Hans Adler ( born March 4 , 1928 ) is an American composer , conductor , author , and professor . During the course of a professional career which ranges over six decades he has served as a faculty member at both the University of Rochester 's Eastman School of Music and the Juilliard School . In addition , he is credited with founding and conducting the U.S . Seventh Army 's Seventh Army Symphony Orchestra which participated in the cultural diplomacy initiatives of the United States in Germany and throughout Europe in the aftermath of World War II . Adler 's musical catalogue includes over 400 published compositions . He has been honored with several awards including Germany 's Order of Merit - Officer 's Cross ."}]}, {'value': 'Gamma Theta ( 1960 ) , Alpha Alpha ( 1966 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_North_Texas', 'summary': 'The University of North Texas ( UNT ) is a public research university in Denton , Texas . Eleven colleges , two schools , an early admissions math and science academy for exceptional high-school-age students from across the state , and a library system comprise the university core . Its research is driven by about 38 doctoral degree programs . North Texas was founded as a nonsectarian , coeducational , private teachers college in 1890 and was formally adopted by the state 11 years later . UNT is the flagship institution of the University of North Texas System , which includes additional universities in Dallas and Fort Worth . UNT also has a satellite campus in Frisco .'}]}, {'value': 'German-born composer ; named Composer of the Year by the American Guild of Organists in 1991', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/American_Guild_of_Organists', 'summary': "The American Guild of Organists ( AGO ) is a national organization of academic , church , and concert organists in the U.S. , headquartered in The Interchurch Center in New York City . Founded as both an educational and service organization , it was chartered by the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York in 1896 , with the authority to grant titles of associate or fellow to members who passed required examinations . Membership is not limited to professional organists , but is open to anybody with an interest in the organ and organ music . There are approximately 16,500 AGO members in all categories , of whom 14,500 are voting members as of 2017 . The AGO 's current president is Michael Bedford , elected in 2016 . The Guild seeks to set and maintain high musical standards and to promote understanding and appreciation of all aspects of organ and choral music ."}]}, {'value': 'Leroy Anderson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leroy_Anderson', 'summary': 'Leroy Anderson ( /ləˈrɔɪ/ lə-ROY ) ; ( June 29 , 1908 - May 18 , 1975 ) was an American composer of short , light concert pieces , of which many were introduced by the Boston Pops Orchestra under the direction of Arthur Fiedler . John Williams described him as one of the great American masters of light orchestral music .'}]}, {'value': 'Gamma Omega ( 1969 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indiana_State_University', 'summary': 'Indiana State University ( ISU ) is a public university in Terre Haute , Indiana . It was founded in 1865 and offers over 100 undergraduate majors and more than 75 graduate and professional programs . Indiana State is classified by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education as a Doctoral/Research University .'}]}, {'value': "Composer , noted for Bugler 's Holiday , Syncopated Clock , and the holiday classic Sleigh Ride ; has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame', 'summary': 'The Hollywood Walk of Fame comprises more than 2,600 five-pointed terrazzo and brass stars embedded in the sidewalks along 15 blocks of Hollywood Boulevard and three blocks of Vine Street in Hollywood , California . The stars are permanent public monuments to achievement in the entertainment industry , bearing the names of a mix of musicians , actors , directors , producers , musical and theatrical groups , fictional characters , and others . The Walk of Fame is administered by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce and maintained by the self-financing Hollywood Historic Trust . It is a popular tourist destination , with a reported 10 million visitors in 2003 . The Hollywood Chamber of Commerce holds trademark rights to the Hollywood Walk of Fame .'}]}, {'value': 'Robert Russell Bennett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robert_Russell_Bennett', 'summary': 'Robert Russell Bennett ( June 15 , 1894 - August 18 , 1981 ) was an American composer and arranger , best known for his orchestration of many well-known Broadway and Hollywood musicals by other composers such as Irving Berlin , George Gershwin , Jerome Kern , Cole Porter , and Richard Rodgers . In 1957 and 2008 , Bennett received Tony Awards recognizing his orchestrations for Broadway shows . Early in his career , he was often billed as Russell Bennett .'}]}, {'value': 'Gamma Omega ( 1966 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First president of the American Society of Music Arrangers and Composers ( ASMAC ) ; won an Oscar for the film Oklahoma !', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/American_Society_of_Music_Arrangers_and_Composers', 'summary': 'The American Society of Music Arrangers and Composers is an organization whose mission is to promote the arts of Music Arranging , Composition and Orchestration within the entertainment industry community and the general public . The ASMAC was founded in 1938 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Academy_Award', 'summary': "The Academy Awards , more popularly known as the Oscars , are awards for artistic and technical merit in the film industry . Given annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , the awards are an international recognition of excellence in cinematic achievements as assessed by the Academy 's voting membership . The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette , officially called the Academy Award of Merit , although more commonly referred to by its nickname , the Oscar . The statuette depicts a knight rendered in the Art Deco style . The award was originally sculpted by George Stanley from a design sketch by Cedric Gibbons . AMPAS first presented it in 1929 at a private dinner hosted by Douglas Fairbanks in the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel in what would become known as the 1st Academy Awards . The Academy Awards ceremony was first broadcast by radio in 1930 and was televised for the first time in 1953 . It is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and is now televised live worldwide . It is also the oldest of the four major annual American entertainment awards ; its other three equivalents - the Emmy Awards for television , the Tony Awards for theater , and the Grammy Awards for music - are modeled after the Academy Awards . The 91st Academy Awards ceremony , honoring the best films of 2018 , was held on February 24 , 2019 , at the Dolby Theatre , in Los Angeles , California . The ceremony was broadcast on ABC . A total of 3,096 Oscar statuettes have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 91st ceremony ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Oklahoma!_(1955_film)', 'summary': "Oklahoma ! is a 1955 American musical film based on the 1943 musical of the same name by Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II , starring Gordon MacRae , Shirley Jones ( in her film debut ) , Rod Steiger , Charlotte Greenwood , Gloria Grahame , Gene Nelson , James Whitmore , and Eddie Albert . The production was the only musical directed by Fred Zinnemann . Oklahoma ! was the first feature film photographed in the Todd-AO 70 mm widescreen process ( and was simultaneously filmed in CinemaScope 35mm ) . Set in Oklahoma Territory , it tells the story of farm girl Laurey Williams ( Jones ) and her courtship by two rival suitors , cowboy Curly McLain ( MacRae ) and the sinister and frightening farmhand Jud Fry ( Steiger ) . A secondary romance concerns Laurey 's friend , Ado Annie ( Grahame ) , and cowboy Will Parker ( Nelson ) , who also has an unwilling rival . A background theme is the territory 's aspiration for Statehood , and the local conflict between cattlemen and farmers . The film received a rave review from The New York Times , and was voted a New York Times Critics Pick . In 2007 , Oklahoma ! was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant ."}]}, {'value': 'Aaron Copland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aaron_Copland', 'summary': 'Aaron Copland ( /ˈkoʊplənd/ , KOHP-lənd ; November 14 , 1900 - December 2 , 1990 ) was an American composer , composition teacher , writer , and later a conductor of his own and other American music . Copland was referred to by his peers and critics as the Dean of American Composers . The open , slowly changing harmonies in much of his music are typical of what many people consider to be the sound of American music , evoking the vast American landscape and pioneer spirit . He is best known for the works he wrote in the 1930s and 1940s in a deliberately accessible style often referred to as populist and which the composer labeled his vernacular style . Works in this vein include the ballets Appalachian Spring , Billy the Kid and Rodeo , his Fanfare for the Common Man and Third Symphony . In addition to his ballets and orchestral works , he produced music in many other genres , including chamber music , vocal works , opera and film scores . After some initial studies with composer Rubin Goldmark , Copland traveled to Paris , where he first studied with Isidor Philipp and Paul Vidal , then with noted pedagogue Nadia Boulanger . He studied three years with Boulanger , whose eclectic approach to music inspired his own broad taste . Determined upon his return to the U.S. to make his way as a full-time composer , Copland gave lecture-recitals , wrote works on commission and did some teaching and writing . He found composing orchestral music in the modernist style he had adapted abroad a financially contradictory approach , particularly in light of the Great Depression . He shifted in the mid-1930s to a more accessible musical style which mirrored the German idea of Gebrauchsmusik ( music for use ) , music that could serve utilitarian and artistic purposes . During the Depression years , he traveled extensively to Europe , Africa , and Mexico , formed an important friendship with Mexican composer Carlos Chávez and began composing his signature works .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpha Upsilon ( 1961 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Arizona', 'summary': "The University of Arizona ( Arizona , U of A , UArizona , or UA ) is a public research university in Tucson , Arizona . Founded in 1885 , the UA was the first university in the Arizona Territory . As of 2018 [ update ] , the university enrolls 45,217 students in 19 separate colleges/schools , including the University of Arizona College of Medicine in Tucson and Phoenix and the James E. Rogers College of Law , and is affiliated with two academic medical centers ( Banner - University Medical Center Tucson and Banner - University Medical Center Phoenix ) . The University of Arizona is governed by the Arizona Board of Regents . The University of Arizona is one of the elected members of the Association of American Universities and is the only representative from the state of Arizona to this group . Known as the Arizona Wildcats ( often shortened to Cats ) , the UA 's intercollegiate athletic teams are members of the Pac-12 Conference of the NCAA . UA athletes have won national titles in several sports , most notably men 's basketball , baseball , and softball . The official colors of the university and its athletic teams are cardinal red and navy blue ."}]}, {'value': 'Recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom , Pulitzer Prize in composition for Appalachian Spring , and Charles E. Lutton Man of Music Award in 1970 ; a Kennedy Center honoree in 1979 ; his well-known compositions include Fanfare for the Common Man and Rodeo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom', 'summary': 'The Presidential Medal of Freedom is an award bestowed by the president of the United States . The Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal are the highest civilian awards of the United States . The presidential medal seeks to recognize those people who have made an especially meritorious contribution to the security or national interests of the United States , world peace , cultural or other significant public or private endeavors . The award is not limited to U.S. citizens and , while it is a civilian award , it can also be awarded to military personnel and worn on the uniform . It was established in 1963 by President John F. Kennedy , superseding the Medal of Freedom that was established by President Harry S. Truman in 1945 to honor civilian service during World War II .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize', 'summary': 'The Pulitzer Prize ( /ˈpʊlɪtsər/ ) is an award for achievements in newspaper , magazine and online journalism , literature , and musical composition in the United States . It was established in 1917 by provisions in the will of American ( Hungarian-born ) Joseph Pulitzer who had made his fortune as a newspaper publisher , and is administered by Columbia University in New York City . Prizes are awarded yearly in twenty-one categories . In twenty of the categories , each winner receives a certificate and a US $ 15,000 cash award ( raised from $ 10,000 in 2017 ) . The winner in the public service category of the journalism competition is awarded a gold medal .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Charles_E._Lutton_Man_of_Music_Award', 'summary': 'The Charles E. Lutton Man of Music Award is one of the highest honors awarded to members of the Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia fraternity for a lifelong achievement in uplifting the world through art and music . Its recipients include musical legends such as Aaron Copland , W. Francis McBeth , James Levine , Frederick Fennell , Maynard Ferguson , and Col. John R. Bourgeois , USMC ( Ret . ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Kennedy_Center_Honors', 'summary': 'The Kennedy Center Honors is an annual honor given to those in the performing arts for their lifetime of contributions to American culture . The honors have been presented annually since 1978 , culminating each December in a star-studded gala celebrating the honorees in the Kennedy Center Opera House in Washington , D.C .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Fanfare_for_the_Common_Man', 'summary': 'Fanfare for the Common Man is a musical work by the American composer Aaron Copland . It was written in 1942 for the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra under conductor Eugene Goossens and was inspired in part by a speech made earlier that year by United States Vice President Henry A. Wallace , in which Wallace proclaimed the dawning of the Century of the Common Man . Several alternative versions have been made and fragments of the work have appeared in many subsequent US and British cultural productions , such as in the musical scores of movies .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rodeo_(Copland)', 'summary': 'Rodeo is a ballet composed by Aaron Copland and choreographed by Agnes de Mille , which premiered in 1942 . Subtitled The Courting at Burnt Ranch , the ballet consists of five sections : Buckaroo Holiday , Corral Nocturne , Ranch House Party , Saturday Night Waltz , and Hoe-Down . The symphonic version omits Ranch House Party , leaving the other sections relatively intact .'}]}, {'value': 'George Crumb', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Crumb', 'summary': 'George Henry Crumb or George Henry Jr. Crumb ( born October 24 , 1929 ) is an American composer of modern classical and avant-garde music . He is known as an explorer of unusual timbres , alternative forms of notation , and extended instrumental and vocal techniques , which obtained his innovative techniques in the use of vivid sonorities . Examples include seagull effect for the cello ( e.g . Vox Balaenae ) , metallic vibrato for the piano ( e.g . Five Pieces for Piano ) , and using a mallet to play the strings of a double bass ( e.g . Madrigals , Book I ) , among numerous others . Crumbs most renowned works include Ancient Voices of Children ( 1970 ) , Black Angels ( 1971 ) , and Makrokosmos III ( 1974 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Beta Chi ( 1961 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Colorado_at_Boulder', 'summary': "The University of Colorado Boulder ( CU Boulder ) , colloquially referred to as CU or Colorado , is a public research university in Boulder , Colorado . It is the flagship university of the University of Colorado system and was founded five months before Colorado was admitted to the Union in 1876 . In 2015 , the university comprised nine colleges and schools and offered over 150 academic programs and enrolled almost 17,000 students . Twelve Nobel Laureates , nine MacArthur Fellows , and 20 astronauts have been affiliated with CU Boulder as students , researchers , or faculty members in its history . The university received nearly $ 454 million in sponsored research in 2010 to fund programs like the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics , and JILA . The Colorado Buffaloes compete in 17 varsity sports and are members of the NCAA Division I Pac-12 Conference . The Buffaloes have won 28 national championships : 20 in skiing , seven total in men 's and women 's cross country , and one in football . Approximately 900 students participate in 34 intercollegiate club sports annually as well ."}]}, {'value': 'Received the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 1968 for his orchestral work Echoes of Time and the River and a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Composition in 2001 for his work Star-Child', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Music', 'summary': 'The Pulitzer Prize for Music is one of seven Pulitzer Prizes awarded annually in Letters , Drama , and Music . It was first given in 1943 . Joseph Pulitzer arranged for a music scholarship to be awarded each year , and this was eventually converted into a prize : For a distinguished musical composition of significant dimension by an American that has had its first performance in the United States during the year . Because of the requirement that the composition have its world premiere during the year of its award , the winning work had rarely been recorded and sometimes had received only one performance . In 2004 the terms were modified to read , For a distinguished musical composition by an American that has had its first performance or recording in the United States during the year .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Grammy_Award', 'summary': 'A Grammy Award ( stylized as GRAMMY , originally called Gramophone Award ) , or Grammy , is an award presented by The Recording Academy to recognize achievements in the music industry . The trophy depicts a gilded gramophone . The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists , and the presentation of those awards that have a more popular interest . The Grammys are the second of the Big Three major music awards held annually ( between the American Music Awards in the Fall , and the Billboard Music Awards in the Summer ) , was held May 1 in 2019 . It is considered one of the four major annual American entertainment awards along with the Academy Awards ( film ) , the Emmy Awards ( television ) , and the Tony Awards ( theater and Broadway ) The first Grammy Awards ceremony was held on May 4 , 1959 , to honor and respect the musical accomplishments by performers for the year 1958 . Following the 2011 ceremony , the Academy overhauled many Grammy Award categories for 2012 . The 62nd Annual Grammy Awards were held on January 26 , 2020 , at the Staples Center in Los Angeles .'}]}, {'value': 'Norman Dello Joio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norman_Dello_Joio', 'summary': 'Norman Dello Joio ( January 24 , 1913 - July 24 , 2008 ) was an American composer whose output spanned over half a century , and who won a Pulitzer Prize in 1957 .'}]}, {'value': 'Epsilon Nu ( 1971 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jacksonville_State_University', 'summary': "Jacksonville State University ( JSU ) is a public university in Jacksonville , Alabama . Founded in 1883 , Jacksonville State offers programs of study in five academic units leading to bachelor 's , master 's , education specialist , and doctorate degrees in addition to continuing and distance education programs . In the Fall semester of 2011 , JSU began offering the school 's first doctoral degree , Doctor of Science in Emergency Management . The university was founded as Jacksonville State Normal School , and in 1930 the name changed to Jacksonville State Teachers College , and again in 1957 to Jacksonville State College . The university began operating as Jacksonville State University in 1966 . JSU currently has an enrollment of about 8,500 students , with nearly 500 faculty members ( more than 320 of whom are full-time ) . Jacksonville State 's Business School was ranked within the nation 's 90th percentile by the Princeton Review . It is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools ( SACS ) . In addition , 40 academic programs ( 79% of programs that can be accredited ) earned specialized programmatic accreditations . These programs include business , education , applied engineering , nursing , social work , drama , art , music , computer science , family and consumer science , and communication ."}]}, {'value': 'Won the Pulitzer Prize for Music for his Meditations on Ecclesiastes in 1957 , and an Emmy Award in 1965 for his score to the NBC special The Louvre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Emmy_Award', 'summary': 'An Emmy Award , or simply Emmy , is an American award that recognizes excellence in the television industry . It is presented at numerous annual events held throughout the calendar year , each honoring one of the various sectors of the television industry . The two ceremonies that receive the most media coverage are the Primetime Emmy Awards and the Daytime Emmy Awards , which recognize outstanding work in American primetime and daytime entertainment programming , respectively . Other notable Emmy events include those honoring national sports programming , national news and documentary shows , and technological and engineering achievements in television , including the Primetime Engineering Emmy Awards . Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year , recognizing excellence in local and statewide television . In addition , the International Emmy Awards honor excellence in TV programming produced and initially aired outside the United States . The Emmy is named after immy , an informal term for the image orthicon tube that was common in early television cameras . The statuette depicts a winged woman holding an atom . The Emmy is considered one of the four major American entertainment awards , the others being the Grammy ( for music ) , the Oscar ( for film ) , and the Tony ( for theater ) . Three related , but separate , organizations present the Emmy Award : the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences ( ATAS ) , the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences ( NATAS ) , and the International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences ( IATAS ) . The ATAS first awarded the Emmy in 1949 to honor shows produced in the Los Angeles area before it became a national event in the 1950s to honor programs aired nationwide . Over the next two decades , the ATAS , the NATAS , and the IATAS expanded the award to honor other areas of the TV industry , with each organization responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy competitions .'}]}, {'value': 'Carlisle Floyd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carlisle_Floyd', 'summary': 'Carlisle Floyd ( born June 11 , 1926 ) is an American opera composer . The son of a Methodist minister , he has based many of his works on themes from the South . His best known opera , Susannah ( 1955 ) , is based on a story from the Biblical Apocrypha , transferred to contemporary , rural Tennessee , and is set in a Southern dialect .'}]}, {'value': 'Epsilon Iota ( 1957 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florida_State_University', 'summary': "Florida State University ( Florida State or FSU ) is a public space-grant and sea-grant research university in Tallahassee , Florida . It is a senior member of the State University System of Florida . Founded in 1851 , it is located on the oldest continuous site of higher education in the state of Florida . The university is classified as a Research University with Very High Research by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching . The university comprises 16 separate colleges and more than 110 centers , facilities , labs and institutes that offer more than 360 programs of study , including professional school programs . The university has an annual budget of over $ 1.7 billion and an annual economic impact of over $ 10 billion . Florida State is home to Florida 's only national laboratory , the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , and is the birthplace of the commercially viable anti-cancer drug Taxol . Florida State University also operates the John & Mable Ringling Museum of Art , the State Art Museum of Florida and one of the largest museum/university complexes in the nation . The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools ( SACS ) . For 2020 , U.S. News & World Report ranked Florida State as the 18th best public university in the United States in the national university category . FSU 's intercollegiate sports teams , commonly known by their Florida State Seminoles nickname , compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I and the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . In their 113-year history , Florida State 's varsity sports teams have won 20 national athletic championships and Seminole athletes have won 78 individual NCAA national championships ."}]}, {'value': 'Awarded the National Medal of Arts in 2004 ; named the Charles E. Lutton Man of Music in 2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts', 'summary': 'The National Medal of Arts is an award and title created by the United States Congress in 1984 , for the purpose of honoring artists and patrons of the arts . A prestigious American honor , it is the highest honor given to artists and arts patrons by the United States government . Nominations are submitted to the National Council on the Arts , the advisory committee of the National Endowment for the Arts , who then submits its recommendations to the White House for the President of the United States to award . The medal was designed for the NEA by sculptor Robert Graham .'}]}, {'value': 'Morton Gould', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Morton_Gould', 'summary': 'Morton Gould ( December 10 , 1913 - February 21 , 1996 ) was an American composer , conductor , arranger , and pianist .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpha Delta ( 1947 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iowa_State_University', 'summary': "Iowa State University of Science and Technology ( Iowa State ) is a public land-grant and space-grant research university in Ames , Iowa . It is the largest university in the state of Iowa and the third largest university in the Big 12 athletic conference . Iowa State is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity . It is also a member of the Association of American Universities ( AAU ) . Founded in 1858 and coeducational from its start , Iowa State became the nation 's first designated land-grant institution when the Iowa Legislature accepted the provisions of the 1862 Morrill Act on September 11 , 1862 , making Iowa the first state in the nation to do so . Iowa State 's academic offerings are administered today through eight colleges , including the graduate college , that offer over 100 bachelor 's degree programs , 112 master 's degree programs , and 83 at the Ph.D. level , plus a professional degree program in Veterinary Medicine . Iowa State University 's athletic teams , the Cyclones , compete in Division I of the NCAA and are a founding member of the Big 12 . The Cyclones field 16 varsity teams and have won numerous NCAA national championships ."}]}, {'value': 'Awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Music for Stringmusic in 1995 , and a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2005', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stringmusic', 'summary': 'Stringmusic is a musical composition for string orchestra by the American composer Morton Gould . It was commissioned by the National Symphony Orchestra and was premiered at the Kennedy Center by the NSO on March 10 , 1994 . The piece is dedicated to the conductor Mstislav Rostropovich upon his leave . Unanimously recommended by the jury , Stringmusic was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 1995 . A large-scale suite , or serenade , for string orchestra , comprising five movements [ : ] Prelude , Tango , Dirge , Ballad , Strum .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Grammy_Lifetime_Achievement_Award', 'summary': 'The Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award is a special Grammy Award that is awarded by The Recording Academy to performers who , during their lifetimes , have made creative contributions of outstanding artistic significance to the field of recording . This award is distinct from the Grammy Hall of Fame Award , which honors specific recordings rather than individuals , and the Grammy Trustees Award , which honors non-performers .'}]}, {'value': 'Ferde Grofé', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ferde_Grofé', 'summary': 'Ferde Grofé ( March 27 , 1892 - April 3 , 1972 ) was an American composer , arranger , pianist and instrumentalist . During the 1920s and 1930s , he went by the name Ferdie Grofé .'}]}, {'value': 'Beta Epsilon ( 1939 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_University', 'summary': "New York University ( NYU ) is a private research university based in New York City . Founded in 1831 , NYU 's historical campus is in Greenwich Village , Lower Manhattan . NYU is also a global university with degree-granting campuses in Abu Dhabi and Shanghai , and academic centers in Accra , Berlin , Buenos Aires , Florence , London , Los Angeles , Madrid , Paris , Prague , Sydney , Tel Aviv , and Washington , D.C . Alumni include heads of state , royalty , aristocrats , eminent scientists , inventors and entrepreneurs , media figures , founders and CEOs of Fortune 500 companies , and astronauts . As of October 2019 [ update ] , 37 Nobel Laureates , 8 Turing Award winners , 5 Fields Medalists , over 30 Academy Award winners , over 30 Pulitzer Prize winners , and hundreds of members of the National Academies of Sciences and United States Congress have been affiliated as faculty or alumni ."}]}, {'value': "Piano player for Paul Whiteman 's orchestra ; arranged George Gershwin 's Rhapsody in Blue for both jazz and full orchestras ; known for Grand Canyon Suite", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paul_Whiteman', 'summary': "Paul Samuel Whiteman ( March 28 , 1890 - December 29 , 1967 ) was an American bandleader , composer , orchestral director , and violist . As the leader of one of the most popular dance bands in the United States during the 1920s and early 1930s , Whiteman produced recordings that were immensely successful , and press notices often referred to him as the King of Jazz . Some of his most popular recordings included Whispering , Valencia , Three O'Clock In The Morning , In A Little Spanish Town , and Parade Of The Wooden Soldiers . Paul Whiteman led a usually large ensemble and explored many styles of music , such as blending symphonic music and jazz , as in his debut of Rhapsody in Blue by George Gershwin . Whiteman recorded many jazz and pop standards during his career , including Wang Wang Blues , Mississippi Mud , Rhapsody in Blue , Wonderful One , Hot Lips ( He 's Got Hot Lips When He Plays Jazz ) , Mississippi Suite , Grand Canyon Suite , and Trav'lin ' Light . He co-wrote the 1925 jazz classic Flamin ' Mamie . His popularity faded in the swing music era of the mid-1930s , and by the 1940s he was semi-retired from music . He experienced a revival and had a comeback in the 1950s with his own network television series , Paul Whiteman 's Goodyear Revue , which ran for three seasons . He also hosted the 1954 ABC talent contest show On the Boardwalk with Paul Whiteman . Whiteman 's place in the history of early jazz is somewhat controversial . Detractors suggest that his ornately orchestrated music was jazz in name only , lacking the genre 's improvisational and emotional depth , and co-opted the innovations of black musicians . Defenders note that Whiteman 's fondness for jazz was genuine ."}, {'url': '/wiki/George_Gershwin', 'summary': 'George Gershwin ( /ˈɡɜːrʃ.wɪn/ ; born Jacob Bruskin Gershowitz , September 26 , 1898 - July 11 , 1937 ) was an American composer and pianist whose compositions spanned both popular and classical genres . Among his best-known works are the orchestral compositions Rhapsody in Blue ( 1924 ) and An American in Paris ( 1928 ) , the songs Swanee ( 1919 ) and Fascinating Rhythm ( 1924 ) , the jazz standard I Got Rhythm ( 1930 ) , and the opera Porgy and Bess ( 1935 ) which spawned the hit Summertime . Gershwin studied piano under Charles Hambitzer and composition with Rubin Goldmark , Henry Cowell , and Joseph Brody . He began his career as a song plugger but soon started composing Broadway theater works with his brother Ira Gershwin and with Buddy DeSylva . He moved to Paris intending to study with Nadia Boulanger , but she refused him . He subsequently composed An American in Paris , returned to New York City and wrote Porgy and Bess with Ira and DuBose Heyward . Initially a commercial failure , it came to be considered one of the most important American operas of the twentieth century and an American cultural classic . Gershwin moved to Hollywood and composed numerous film scores . He died in 1937 of a malignant brain tumor . His compositions have been adapted for use in film and television , with several becoming jazz standards recorded and covered in many variations .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rhapsody_in_Blue', 'summary': "Rhapsody in Blue is a 1924 musical composition by the American composer George Gershwin for solo piano and jazz band , which combines elements of classical music with jazz-influenced effects . The composition was commissioned by the bandleader Paul Whiteman . It was orchestrated by Ferde Grofé several times , including the original 1924 scoring , the 1926 theater orchestra setting , and the 1942 symphony orchestra scoring , though completed earlier . The piece received its premiere in the concert , An Experiment in Modern Music , which was held on February 12 , 1924 , in Aeolian Hall , New York City , by Whiteman and his band with Gershwin playing the piano . The editors of the Cambridge Music Handbooks opined that The Rhapsody in Blue ( 1924 ) established Gershwin 's reputation as a serious composer and has since become one of the most popular of all American concert works ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Grand_Canyon_Suite', 'summary': 'The Grand Canyon Suite is a suite for orchestra by Ferde Grofé , composed between 1929 and 1931 . It was initially titled Five Pictures of the Grand Canyon . It consists of five movements , each an evocation in tone of a particular scene typical of the Grand Canyon . Paul Whiteman and his orchestra gave the first public performance of the work , in concert at the Studebaker Theatre in Chicago on November 22 , 1931 .'}]}, {'value': 'Adolphus Hailstork', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adolphus_Hailstork', 'summary': "Adolphus Hailstork ( born Adolphus Cunningham Hailstork III , April 17 , 1941 ) is an American composer and educator . He grew up in Albany , New York , where he studied violin , piano , organ , and voice . Hailstork was born in Rochester , New York , and obtained a BA from Howard University studying with Mark Fax , master 's degree from the Manhattan School of Music studying with Vittorio Giannini and David Diamond , and a doctorate in music composition from Michigan State University in 1971 , studying with H. Owen Reed . He also studied at The American Institute at Fontainebleau with Nadia Boulanger . He has served as professor at Youngstown State University in Ohio , as well as professor of music and Composer-in-Residence at Virginia 's Norfolk State University . He is currently a professor of music and Composer-in-Residence at Old Dominion University in Norfolk , Virginia . Hailstork is of African American ancestry and his works blend musical ideas from both the African American and European traditions . Hailstork 's awards include a Fulbright fellowship ( 1987 ) . In 1992 he was named a Cultural Laureate of the Commonwealth of Virginia . Old Dominion University maintains the Adolphus Hailstork Collection , in the special collections area of the F. Ludwig Diehn Composers Room , in the Diehn Fine and Performing Arts Center . In 1999 , he was awarded the Brock Commission from the American Choral Directors Association . Hailstork is published by Theodore Presser Company and Carl Fischer Music ."}]}, {'value': 'Rho Mu ( 2010 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norfolk_State_University', 'summary': 'Norfolk State University ( NSU ) is a public historically black university in Norfolk , Virginia . The university is a member-school of Thurgood Marshall College Fund and the Virginia High-Tech Partnership .'}]}, {'value': 'Composer and educator', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Howard Hanson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Howard_Hanson', 'summary': 'Howard Harold Hanson ( October 28 , 1896 - February 26 , 1981 ) was an American composer , conductor , educator , music theorist , and champion of American classical music . As director for 40 years of the Eastman School of Music , he built a high-quality school and provided opportunities for commissioning and performing American music . In 1944 , he won a Pulitzer Prize for his Symphony No . 4 , and received numerous other awards including the George Foster Peabody Award for Outstanding Entertainment in Music in 1946 .'}]}, {'value': 'Iota ( 1916 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northwestern_University', 'summary': "Northwestern University ( NU ) is a private research university based in Evanston , Illinois , with other campuses in Chicago and Doha , Qatar , and academic programs and facilities in Miami , Florida ; Washington , D.C. ; and San Francisco , California . Along with its selective undergraduate programs , Northwestern is known for its Kellogg School of Management , Pritzker School of Law , Feinberg School of Medicine , Bienen School of Music , Medill School of Journalism , Media , Integrated Marketing Communications , School of Communication , and McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science . Northwestern is a large research university with a comprehensive doctoral program , attracting nearly $ 800 million in sponsored research each year . As of January 2020 , Northwestern has the twelfth-largest university endowment in the United States , valued at $ 11.1 billion . The university 's former and present faculty and alumni include 19 Nobel Prize laureates , 38 Pulitzer Prize winners , six MacArthur Genius Fellows , 16 Rhodes Scholars , 65 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and two Supreme Court Justices . Northwestern 's School of Communication is a leading producer of Academy Award , Emmy Award and Tony Award-winning actors , actresses , playwrights , writers and directors . Northwestern was founded in 1851 by John Evans , for whom the city of Evanston is named , and eight other lawyers , businessmen and Methodist leaders . Its founding purpose was to serve the Old Northwest Territory , an area that includes the states of Ohio , Indiana , Illinois , Michigan , Wisconsin and parts of Minnesota . Instruction began in 1855 and women were admitted in 1869 . Today , the main campus is a 240-acre ( 97 ha ) parcel in Evanston , along the shores of Lake Michigan 12 miles north of downtown Chicago . The university 's law , medical , and professional schools , along with its nationally ranked affiliated Northwestern Memorial Hospital , are located on a 25-acre ( 10 ha ) campus in Chicago 's Streeterville neighborhood . In 2008 , the university opened a campus in Education City , Doha , Qatar with programs in journalism and communication ."}]}, {'value': 'Director of the Eastman School of Music , 1924-1964 ; recipient of the 1944 Pulitzer Prize for his Symphony No . 4 , Requiem , and the Charles E. Lutton Man of Music Award in 1954', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eastman_School_of_Music', 'summary': "The Eastman School of Music is the professional school of music of the University of Rochester in Rochester , New York . It was established in 1921 by industrialist and philanthropist George Eastman . It offers Bachelor of Music ( B.M . ) degrees , Master of Arts ( M.A . ) degrees , Master of Music ( M.M . ) degrees , Doctor of Philosophy ( Ph.D. ) degrees , and Doctor of Musical Arts ( D.M.A . ) degrees in many musical fields . The school also awards a Performer 's Certificate or Artist 's Diploma . In 2015 , there were more than 900 students enrolled in the collegiate division of the Eastman School ( approximately 500 undergraduate and 400 graduate students ) . Students came from almost every state of the United States , with approximately 25% foreign students . Each year approximately 2000 students apply ( 1000 undergraduates and 1000 graduates ) . The acceptance rate was 13% in 2011 and about 1,000 students ( ranging in age from 16 years to over 80 years of age ) are enrolled in the Eastman Schools Community Music School ."}]}, {'value': 'Victor Herbert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victor_Herbert', 'summary': 'Victor August Herbert ( February 1 , 1859 - May 26 , 1924 ) was an American composer , cellist and conductor of Irish ancestry and German training . Although Herbert enjoyed important careers as a cello soloist and conductor , he is best known for composing many successful operettas that premiered on Broadway from the 1890s to World War I . He was also prominent among the tin pan alley composers and was later a founder of the American Society of Composers , Authors , and Publishers ( ASCAP ) . A prolific composer , Herbert produced two operas , a cantata , 43 operettas , incidental music to 10 plays , 31 compositions for orchestra , nine band compositions , nine cello compositions , five violin compositions with piano or orchestra , 22 piano compositions and numerous songs , choral compositions and orchestrations of works by other composers , among other music . In the early 1880s , Herbert began a career as a cellist in Vienna , Austria , and Stuttgart , Germany , during which he began to compose orchestral music . Herbert and his opera singer wife , Therese Förster , moved to the U.S. in 1886 when both were engaged by the Metropolitan Opera . In the U.S. , Herbert continued his performing career , while also teaching at the National Conservatory of Music , conducting and composing . His most notable instrumental compositions were his Cello Concerto No . 2 in E minor , Op . 30 ( 1894 ) , which entered the standard repertoire , and his Auditorium Festival March ( 1901 ) . He led the Pittsburgh Symphony from 1898 to 1904 and then founded the Victor Herbert Orchestra , which he conducted throughout the rest of his life . Herbert began to compose operettas in 1894 , producing several successes , including The Serenade ( 1897 ) and The Fortune Teller ( 1898 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Lambda ( 1913 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DePauw_University', 'summary': 'DePauw University in Greencastle , Indiana , is a private liberal arts college with an enrollment of 1,972 students . The school has a Methodist heritage and was originally known as Indiana Asbury University . DePauw is a member of both the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the North Coast Athletic Conference . The Society of Professional Journalists was founded at DePauw .'}]}, {'value': 'Tin Pan Alley composer ; co-founder and vice-president of ASCAP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tin_Pan_Alley', 'summary': 'Tin Pan Alley was the collection of New York City music publishers and songwriters who dominated the popular music of the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century . The name originally referred to a specific place : West 28th Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenues in the Flower District of Manhattan ; a plaque ( see below ) on the sidewalk on 28th Street between Broadway and Sixth commemorates it . In 2019 the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission took up the question of preserving five buildings on the north side of the street as a Tin Pan Alley Historic District . The start of Tin Pan Alley is usually dated to about 1885 , when a number of music publishers set up shop in the same district of Manhattan . The end of Tin Pan Alley is less clear cut . Some date it to the start of the Great Depression in the 1930s when the phonograph , radio , and motion pictures supplanted sheet music as the driving force of American popular music , while others consider Tin Pan Alley to have continued into the 1950s when earlier styles of music were upstaged by the rise of rock & roll , which was centered on the Brill Building .'}, {'url': '/wiki/ASCAP', 'summary': "The American Society of Composers , Authors , and Publishers ( ASCAP /ˈæskæp/ ) is an American non-profit performance-rights organization ( PRO ) that protects its members ' musical copyrights by monitoring public performances of their music , whether via a broadcast or live performance , and compensating them accordingly . ASCAP collects licensing fees from users of music created by ASCAP members , then distributes them back to its members as royalties . In effect , the arrangement is the product of a compromise : when a song is played , the user does not have to pay the copyright holder directly , nor does the music creator have to bill a radio station for use of a song . In 2012 , ASCAP collected over US $ 941 million in licensing fees and distributed $ 828.7 million in royalties to its members , with an 11.6 percent operating expense ratio . As of July 2018 , ASCAP membership included over 670,000 songwriters , composers , and music publishers , with over 11 million registered works . In the United States , ASCAP competes with other PROs , including BMI , SESAC , and SoundExchange ."}]}, {'value': 'Alan Hovhaness', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alan_Hovhaness', 'summary': 'Alan Hovhaness ( /hoʊˈvɑːnɪs/ ; March 8 , 1911 - June 21 , 2000 ) was an American composer . He was one of the most prolific 20th-century composers , with his official catalog comprising 67 numbered symphonies ( surviving manuscripts indicate over 70 ) and 434 opus numbers . The true tally is well over 500 surviving works since many opus numbers comprise two or more distinct works . The Boston Globe music critic Richard Buell wrote : Although he has been stereotyped as a self-consciously Armenian composer ( rather as Ernest Bloch is seen as a Jewish composer ) , his output assimilates the music of many cultures . What may be most American about all of it is the way it turns its materials into a kind of exoticism . The atmosphere is hushed , reverential , mystical , nostalgic .'}]}, {'value': 'Delta Omicron ( 1949 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boston_University', 'summary': "Boston University ( BU ) is a private research university in Boston , Massachusetts . The university is nonsectarian , but has been historically affiliated with the United Methodist Church . The university has more than 3,900 faculty members and nearly 33,000 students , and is one of Boston 's largest employers . It offers bachelor 's degrees , master 's degrees , doctorates , and medical , dental , business , and law degrees through 18 schools and colleges on two urban campuses . The main campus is situated along the Charles River in Boston 's Fenway-Kenmore and Allston neighborhoods , while the Boston University Medical Campus is located in Boston 's South End neighborhood . BU is categorized as an R1 : Doctoral University ( very high research activity ) in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education . BU is a member of the Boston Consortium for Higher Education and the Association of American Universities . The university is ranked 40th among undergraduate programs at national universities , and 46th among global universities by U.S. News & World Report in its 2020 rankings . Among its alumni and current or past faculty , the university counts eight Nobel Laureates , 23 Pulitzer Prize winners , 10 Rhodes Scholars , six Marshall Scholars , 48 Sloan Fellows , nine Academy Award winners , and several Emmy and Tony Award winners . BU also has MacArthur , Fulbright , Truman and Guggenheim Fellowship holders as well as American Academy of Arts and Sciences and National Academy of Sciences members among its past and present graduates and faculty . In 1876 , BU professor Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in a BU lab . The Boston University Terriers compete in the NCAA Division I. BU athletic teams compete in the Patriot League , and Hockey East conferences , and their mascot is Rhett the Boston Terrier ."}]}, {'value': 'Prolific Armenian-American composer , with over 500 surviving works', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karel Husa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karel_Husa', 'summary': 'Karel Husa ( August 7 , 1921 - December 14 , 2016 ) was a Czech-born classical composer and conductor , winner of the 1969 Pulitzer Prize for Music and 1993 University of Louisville Grawemeyer Award for Music Composition . In 1954 , he immigrated to the United States and became an American citizen in 1959 .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpha Alpha ( 1977 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Awarded the Pulitzer Prize for his String Quartet No . 3 in 1969 ; known for Music for Prague 1968', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Music_for_Prague_1968', 'summary': 'Music for Prague 1968 is a programmatic work written by Czech-born composer Karel Husa for symphonic band and later transcribed for full orchestra , written shortly after the Soviet Union crushed the Prague Spring reform movement in Czechoslovakia in 1968 . Karel Husa was sitting on the dock at his cottage in America at the time , listening to the BBC broadcast of the events on the radio . He was deeply moved , and wrote Music for Prague 1968 to memorialize the events . This piece is a standard among wind ensemble repertoire . The work was commissioned by Ithaca College and was premiered in January 1969 in Washington , DC at the Music Educators National Conference by Dr. Kenneth Snapp and the Ithaca College Concert Band .'}]}, {'value': 'Gail T. Kubik', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gail_T._Kubik', 'summary': 'Gail Thompson Kubik ( September 5 , 1914 , South Coffeyville , Oklahoma - July 20 , 1984 , Covina , California ) was an American composer , music director , violinist , and teacher .'}]}, {'value': 'Alpha Nu ( 1934 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eastman_School_of_Music', 'summary': "The Eastman School of Music is the professional school of music of the University of Rochester in Rochester , New York . It was established in 1921 by industrialist and philanthropist George Eastman . It offers Bachelor of Music ( B.M . ) degrees , Master of Arts ( M.A . ) degrees , Master of Music ( M.M . ) degrees , Doctor of Philosophy ( Ph.D. ) degrees , and Doctor of Musical Arts ( D.M.A . ) degrees in many musical fields . The school also awards a Performer 's Certificate or Artist 's Diploma . In 2015 , there were more than 900 students enrolled in the collegiate division of the Eastman School ( approximately 500 undergraduate and 400 graduate students ) . Students came from almost every state of the United States , with approximately 25% foreign students . Each year approximately 2000 students apply ( 1000 undergraduates and 1000 graduates ) . The acceptance rate was 13% in 2011 and about 1,000 students ( ranging in age from 16 years to over 80 years of age ) are enrolled in the Eastman Schools Community Music School ."}]}, {'value': 'Won the 1952 Pulitzer Prize for Music for Symphony Concertante', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Symphony_Concertante', 'summary': 'Symphony Concertante is a composition by Gail Kubik ( 1914-1984 ) for trumpet , viola , piano , and orchestra . It was premiered January 7 , 1952 by its commissioner , The Little Orchestra , Thomas Scherman conducting . The work is structured as follows :'}]}, {'value': 'Krzysztof Penderecki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Krzysztof_Penderecki', 'summary': "Krzysztof Eugeniusz Penderecki ( Polish : [ ˈkʂɨʂtɔf pɛndɛˈrɛt͡skʲi ] ; born 23 November 1933 ) is a Polish composer and conductor . The Guardian has called him Poland 's greatest living composer . Among his best known works are Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima , Symphony No . 3 , his St. Luke Passion , Polish Requiem , Anaklasis and Utrenja . Penderecki composed four operas , eight symphonies and other orchestral pieces , a variety of instrumental concertos , choral settings of mainly religious texts , as well as chamber and instrumental works . Born in Dębica to a lawyer , Penderecki studied music at Jagiellonian University and the Academy of Music in Kraków . After graduating from the Academy of Music , Penderecki became a teacher at the academy and he began his career as a composer in 1959 during the Warsaw Autumn festival . His Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima for string orchestra and the choral work St. Luke Passion , have received popular acclaim . His first opera , The Devils of Loudun , was not immediately successful . Beginning in the mid-1970s , Penderecki 's composing style changed , with his first violin concerto focusing on the semitone and the tritone . His choral work Polish Requiem was written in the 1980s , with Penderecki expanding it in 1993 and 2005 . Penderecki has won many prestigious awards , including the Commander 's Cross in 1964 , the Prix Italia in 1967 and 1968 , the Knight 's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta in 1964 , four Grammy Awards in 1987 , 1998 ( twice ) , and 2017 , Wolf Prize in Arts in 1987 and the University of Louisville Grawemeyer Award for Music Composition in 1992 ."}]}, {'value': 'Epsilon Iota ( 1975 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florida_State_University', 'summary': "Florida State University ( Florida State or FSU ) is a public space-grant and sea-grant research university in Tallahassee , Florida . It is a senior member of the State University System of Florida . Founded in 1851 , it is located on the oldest continuous site of higher education in the state of Florida . The university is classified as a Research University with Very High Research by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching . The university comprises 16 separate colleges and more than 110 centers , facilities , labs and institutes that offer more than 360 programs of study , including professional school programs . The university has an annual budget of over $ 1.7 billion and an annual economic impact of over $ 10 billion . Florida State is home to Florida 's only national laboratory , the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , and is the birthplace of the commercially viable anti-cancer drug Taxol . Florida State University also operates the John & Mable Ringling Museum of Art , the State Art Museum of Florida and one of the largest museum/university complexes in the nation . The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools ( SACS ) . For 2020 , U.S. News & World Report ranked Florida State as the 18th best public university in the United States in the national university category . FSU 's intercollegiate sports teams , commonly known by their Florida State Seminoles nickname , compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I and the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . In their 113-year history , Florida State 's varsity sports teams have won 20 national athletic championships and Seminole athletes have won 78 individual NCAA national championships ."}]}, {'value': 'Received a Grammy Award for Best Choral Performance for Credo in 2001', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Grammy_Award', 'summary': 'A Grammy Award ( stylized as GRAMMY , originally called Gramophone Award ) , or Grammy , is an award presented by The Recording Academy to recognize achievements in the music industry . The trophy depicts a gilded gramophone . The annual presentation ceremony features performances by prominent artists , and the presentation of those awards that have a more popular interest . The Grammys are the second of the Big Three major music awards held annually ( between the American Music Awards in the Fall , and the Billboard Music Awards in the Summer ) , was held May 1 in 2019 . It is considered one of the four major annual American entertainment awards along with the Academy Awards ( film ) , the Emmy Awards ( television ) , and the Tony Awards ( theater and Broadway ) The first Grammy Awards ceremony was held on May 4 , 1959 , to honor and respect the musical accomplishments by performers for the year 1958 . Following the 2011 ceremony , the Academy overhauled many Grammy Award categories for 2012 . The 62nd Annual Grammy Awards were held on January 26 , 2020 , at the Staples Center in Los Angeles .'}]}, {'value': 'Vincent Persichetti', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vincent_Persichetti', 'summary': 'Vincent Ludwig Persichetti ( June 6 , 1915 - August 14 , 1987 ) was an American composer , teacher , and pianist . An important musical educator and writer , Persichetti was a native of Philadelphia . He was known for his integration of various new ideas in musical composition into his own work and teaching , as well as for training many noted composers in composition at the Juilliard School . His students at Juilliard included Philip Glass , Bruce Adolphe , Louis Calabro , Michael Jeffrey Shapiro , Laurie Spiegel , Kenneth Fuchs , Richard Danielpour , Peter Schickele , Lowell Liebermann , Robert Witt , Elena Ruehr , William Schimmel , Leonardo Balada , and Leo Brouwer . He also taught composition to Joseph Willcox Jenkins and conductor James DePreist at the Philadelphia Conservatory .'}]}, {'value': 'Delta Eta ( 1961 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Youngstown_State_University', 'summary': "Youngstown State University ( YSU ) , commonly referred to as Youngstown State , is a medium-sized public research university in Youngstown , Ohio . Founded in 1908 , it became known as Youngstown College in 1931 and sought accreditation through the North Central Association in 1944 . As educational needs in the Mahoning Valley changed , Youngstown College grew significantly . In 1955 , Youngstown College became Youngstown University ; later designated Youngstown State University in 1967 and now joins the University System of Ohio . The university is composed of 6 undergraduate colleges including the Beeghly College of Education , Cliffe College of Creative Arts and Communication , College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences , Dr. Dominic A. and Helen M. Bitonte College of Health and Human Services , College of Science , Technology , Engineering , and Mathematics , and the Warren P. Williamson , Jr. College of Business Administration . Youngstown State University boasts 170 undergraduate degree programs and over 50 graduate degree programs serving over 12,000 students in studies up to the doctoral level . Beyond its current student body , the university has more than 105,000 alumni across the country and around the world . Youngstown State provides an extensive number of student life programs . Students can participate in over 100 clubs and organizations , ranging from student government , fraternities and sororities , recreational sports programs , and student media organizations such as The Jambar . Collectively known as the Penguins , Youngstown State 's athletic teams compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association . The university is a member of the Horizon League in all varsity sports , with the football team part of an alliance where the Horizon , The Summit League , and Missouri Valley Conference , FCS scholarship schools compete as the Missouri Valley Football Conference ."}]}, {'value': 'Awarded the University of Pennsylvania Glee Club Award of Merit in 1984', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Glee_Club', 'summary': 'Founded in 1862 , the University of Pennsylvania Glee Club is one of the oldest continually running glee clubs in the United States and the oldest performing arts group at the University of Pennsylvania . The Club draws its singing members from the undergraduate and graduate men of the University of Pennsylvania ; men and women from the Penn community are also called upon to fill roles in the pit band and technical staff when the Club is involved with theatrical productions . The Club , known for its eclectic mix of Penn standards , Broadway classics , classical favorites , and pop hits , has traveled to over 40 countries and territories on 5 continents . After directing the Glee Club for 44 years , Bruce Montgomery stepped down as director in 2000 and was replaced by former Glee Club member C. Erik Nordgren . After 15 years of dedicated service to the group , Nordgren stepped down and was succeeded by Joshua Glassman . After three years at the podium Joshua Glassman stepped down , passing the baton to Club alumnus Daniel Carsello .'}]}, {'value': 'Peter Schickele', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peter_Schickele', 'summary': "Peter Schickele ( /ˈʃɪkəli/ ; born July 17 , 1935 ) is an American composer , musical educator , and parodist , best known for comedy albums featuring his music , but which he presents as being composed by the fictional P. D. Q. Bach . He also hosted a long-running weekly radio program called Schickele Mix . From 1990 to 1993 , Schickele 's P.D.Q . Bach recordings earned him four consecutive wins for the Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album ."}]}, {'value': 'Gamma Epsilon ( 1974 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michigan_State_University', 'summary': "Michigan State University ( MSU ) is a public research university in East Lansing , Michigan . MSU was founded in 1855 and served as a model for land-grant universities later created under the Morrill Act of 1862 . The university was founded as the Agricultural College of the State of Michigan , one of the country 's first institutions of higher education to teach scientific agriculture . After the introduction of the Morrill Act , the college became coeducational and expanded its curriculum beyond agriculture . Today , MSU is one of the largest universities in the United States ( in terms of enrollment ) and has approximately 634,300 living alumni worldwide . U.S. News & World Report ranks its graduate programs the best in the U.S. in elementary teacher 's education , secondary teacher 's education , industrial and organizational psychology , rehabilitation counseling , African history ( tied ) , supply chain logistics and nuclear physics in 2019 . MSU pioneered the studies of packaging , hospitality business , supply chain management , and communication sciences . Michigan State is a member of the Association of American Universities , an organization of 62 leading research universities in North America . The university 's campus houses the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory , the W. J. Beal Botanical Garden , the Abrams Planetarium , the Wharton Center for Performing Arts , the Eli and Edythe Broad Art Museum , the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams , and the country 's largest residence hall system . The Michigan State Spartans compete in the NCAA Division I Big Ten Conference . Michigan State Spartans football won the Rose Bowl Game in 1954 , 1956 , 1988 and 2014 , and a total of six national championships . Spartans men 's basketball won the NCAA National Championship in 1979 and 2000 and has attained the Final Four eight times since the 1998-1999 season , including in 2019 with a victory over Duke ."}]}, {'value': 'Composer and comedian , best known by the pseudonym P.D.Q . Bach', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/P.D.Q._Bach', 'summary': "P. D. Q. Bach is a fictional composer invented by the American musical satirist Peter Schickele , who developed a five-decade-long career performing the discovered works of the only forgotten son of the Bach family . Schickele 's music combines parodies of musicological scholarship , the conventions of Baroque and Classical music , and slapstick comedy . The name P. D. Q. is a parody of the three-part names given to some members of the Bach family that are commonly reduced to initials , such as C. P. E. , for Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach ; PDQ is an initialism for pretty damned quick . Schickele began working on the character while studying at the Aspen Music Festival and School and Juilliard , and has performed a variety of P. D. Q. Bach shows over the years . The Village Voice mentions the juxtaposition of collage , bitonality , musical satire , and orchestral surrealism in a bizarre melodic stream of consciousness [ . ] In P.D.Q . Bach he has single-handedly mapped a musical universe that everyone knew was there and no one else had the guts ( not simply the bad taste ) to explore . As of 2012 he had decreased touring due to age . He performed two concerts to commemorate the 50th anniversary of his first concert at The Town Hall in New York on December 28 and 29 , 2015 , and continues to give live concert performances ."}]}, {'value': 'Arnold Schoenberg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arnold_Schoenberg', 'summary': "Arnold Schoenberg or Schönberg ( /ˈʃɜːrnbɜːrɡ/ , US also /ˈʃoʊn-/ ; German : [ ˈʃøːnbɛɐ̯k ] ( listen ) ; 13 September 1874 - 13 July 1951 ) was an Austrian-born composer , music theorist , teacher , writer , and painter . He is widely considered one of the most important and influential composers of the 20th century . He was associated with the expressionist movement in German poetry and art , and leader of the Second Viennese School . With the rise of the Nazi Party , Schoenberg 's works were labeled degenerate music , because they were modernist and atonal . He emigrated to the United States in 1933 , becoming an American citizen in 1941 . Schoenberg 's approach , bοth in terms of harmony and development , has been one of the most influential of 20th-century musical thought . Many European and American composers from at least three generations have consciously extended his thinking , whereas others have passionately reacted against it . Schoenberg was known early in his career for simultaneously extending the traditionally opposed German Romantic styles of Brahms and Wagner . Later , his name would come to personify innovations in atonality ( although Schoenberg himself detested that term ) that would become the most polemical feature of 20th-century art music . In the 1920s , Schoenberg developed the twelve-tone technique , an influential compositional method of manipulating an ordered series of all twelve notes in the chromatic scale . He also coined the term developing variation and was the first modern composer to embrace ways of developing motifs without resorting to the dominance of a centralized melodic idea . Schoenberg was also an influential teacher of composition ; his students included Alban Berg , Anton Webern , Hanns Eisler , Egon Wellesz , Nikos Skalkottas , Stefania Turkewich , and later John Cage , Lou Harrison , Earl Kim , Robert Gerhard , Leon Kirchner , Dika Newlin , and other prominent musicians ."}]}, {'value': 'Alpha Epsilon ( 1935 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Southern_California', 'summary': "The University of Southern California ( USC , [ a ] SC , or Southern Cal ) is a private research university in Los Angeles , California . Founded in 1880 , it is the oldest private research university in California . For the 2018-19 academic year , there were 20,000 students enrolled in four-year undergraduate programs . USC also has 27,500 graduate and professional students in a number of different programs , including business , law , engineering , social work , occupational therapy , pharmacy , and medicine . It is the largest private employer in the city of Los Angeles and generates $ 8 billion in economic impact on Los Angeles and California . USC was one of the earliest nodes on ARPANET and is the birthplace of the Domain Name System . Other technologies invented at USC include DNA computing , dynamic programming , image compression , VoIP , and antivirus software . USC 's alumni include a total of 11 Rhodes Scholars and 12 Marshall Scholars . As of October 2018 , nine Nobel laureates , six MacArthur Fellows , and one Turing Award winner have been affiliated with the university . As of May 2018 , USC has conferred degrees upon 29 alumni who became billionaires . USC has graduated more alumni who have gone on to win an Academy Award than any other institution in the world by a significant margin . USC alumni have also played crucial roles in 21 of the top 25 highest-grossing films of all time , as of 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Developed the twelve-tone technique of composition', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Twelve-tone_technique', 'summary': "The twelve-tone technique - also known as dodecaphony , twelve-tone serialism , and ( in British usage ) twelve-note composition - is a method of musical composition first devised by Austrian composer Josef Matthias Hauer , [ not verified in body ] who published his law of the twelve tones in 1919 . In 1923 , Arnold Schoenberg ( 1874-1951 ) developed his own , better-known version of 12-tone technique , which became associated with the Second Viennese School composers , who were the primary users of the technique in the first decades of its existence . The technique is a means of ensuring that all 12 notes of the chromatic scale are sounded as often as one another in a piece of music while preventing the emphasis of any one note through the use of tone rows , orderings of the 12 pitch classes . All 12 notes are thus given more or less equal importance , and the music avoids being in a key . Over time , the technique increased greatly in popularity and eventually became widely influential on 20th-century composers . Many important composers who had originally not subscribed to or even actively opposed the technique , such as Aaron Copland and Igor Stravinsky , [ clarification needed ] eventually adopted it in their music . Schoenberg himself described the system as a Method of composing with twelve tones which are related only with one another . It is commonly considered a form of serialism . Schoenberg 's fellow countryman and contemporary Josef Matthias Hauer also developed a similar system using unordered hexachords or tropes - but with no connection to Schoenberg 's twelve-tone technique . [ contradictory ] Other composers have created systematic use of the chromatic scale , but Schoenberg 's method is considered to be historically and aesthetically most significant ."}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Sinfonians_6', 'intro': 'This is a list of distinguished members of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia fraternity who have achieved significant recognition in their respective fields, including (but not limited to) education, film, industry, literature, music, philanthropy, public service, radio, science, and television. In determining the classification for each Sinfonian listed here, an attempt was made to classify the individual based on what he is most known for. In some cases, a person such as Aaron Copland may be known equally as a conductor and a composer. In other cases, an individual such as Branford Marsalis may be known equally as a jazz musician and a television personality. Honorary members are in italics, charter members are in bold.'}
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What is the original chapter of the brother who studied three years with Boulanger ?
Alpha Upsilon
04bedba8375a9add
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_towns_in_India_by_population', 'title': 'List of towns in India by population', 'header': ['Name of Town', 'State', 'Type', 'Population ( 2011 )'], 'data': [{'value': 'Macherla', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Macherla', 'summary': 'Macherla is a town in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh . It is the headquarters of Macherla mandal in Gurazala revenue division .'}]}, {'value': 'Andhra Pradesh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh', 'summary': 'Andhra Pradesh ( /ˌɑːndrə prəˈdɛʃ/ ) ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) is one of the 28 states of India , situated in the south-eastern part of the country . It is the eight-largest state in India , covering an area of 162,975 km2 ( 62,925 sq mi ) . As per the 2011 census , it is the tenth-most populous state , with 49,386,799 inhabitants . The largest city in Andhra Pradesh is Visakhapatnam . Telugu , one of the classical languages of India , is the major and official language of Andhra Pradesh . The north-western portion of Andhra Pradesh was separated to form the new state of Telangana on 2 June 2014 , and Hyderabad , the longtime capital of Andhra Pradesh , was transferred to Telangana as part of the division . However , in accordance with the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act , 2014 , Hyderabad was to remain the acting capital of both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states for a period of time not exceeding ten years . Andhra Pradesh has a coastline of 974 km ( 605 mi ) - the second-longest coastline among the states of India , after Gujarat - with jurisdiction over almost 15,000 km2 of territorial waters . The state is bordered by Telangana in the north-west , Chhattisgarh and Odisha in the north-east , Karnataka in the west , Tamil Nadu in the south , and to the east lies the Bay of Bengal . The small enclave of Yanam , a district of Puducherry , lies to the south of Kakinada in the Godavari delta on the eastern side of the state . The state is made up of the two major regions of Rayalaseema , in the inland southwestern part of the state , and Coastal Andhra to the east and northeast , bordering the Bay of Bengal . The state comprises thirteen districts in total , nine of which are located in Coastal Andhra and four in Rayalaseema .'}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '49,221', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maddur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maddur,_Mandya', 'summary': "Maddur ( also pronounced as Maddūru ) is a town in Mandya district in the Indian state of Karnataka . It lies on the banks of the river Shimsha . It is 82 kilometers from the state capital Bangalore and 60 kilometers from Mysore.Originally the place was known as Arjunapuri . Later during Tippu Sultan 's rule , the place became popular as Maddur , derived from Maddu a term referring to chemicals used for explosives ."}]}, {'value': 'Karnataka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karnataka', 'summary': 'Karnataka ( Karnāṭaka , Kannada pronunciation : [ kɐnaːʈɐka ] ) is a state in the south western region of India . It was formed on 1 November 1956 , with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act . Originally known as the State of Mysore , it was renamed Karnataka in 1973 . The state corresponds to the Carnatic region . The capital and largest city is Bangalore . Karnataka is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west , Goa to the northwest , Maharashtra to the north , Telangana to the northeast , Andhra Pradesh to the east , Tamil Nadu to the southeast , and Kerala to the south . The state covers an area of 191,976 square kilometres ( 74,122 sq mi ) , or 5.83 percent of the total geographical area of India . It is the sixth largest Indian state by area . With 61,130,704 inhabitants at the 2011 census , Karnataka is the eighth largest state by population , comprising 30 districts . Kannada , one of the classical languages of India , is the most widely spoken and official language of the state . Other languages spoken include Urdu , Konkani , Marathi , Tulu , Tamil , Telugu , Malayalam , Kodava and Beary . Karnataka also contains some of the only villages in India where Sanskrit is primarily spoken .'}]}, {'value': 'T.M.C', 'urls': []}, {'value': '26,521', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Madhepura', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madhepura', 'summary': 'Madhepura is a municipality in Madhepura district in the Indian state of Bihar .'}]}, {'value': 'Bihar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bihar', 'summary': "Bihar ( /bɪˈhɑːr/ ; Hindi pronunciation : [ bɪˈɦaːr ] ( listen ) ) is a state in eastern India . It is the third-largest state by population and twelfth-largest by territory , with an area of 94,163 km2 ( 36,357 sq mi ) . It is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west , Nepal to the north , the northern part of West Bengal to the east , and with Jharkhand to the south . The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges , which flows from west to east . Three main cultural regions converge in the state : Magadh , Mithila , and Bhojpur . On 15 November 2000 , southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand . Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas , which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh . Additionally , almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25 , giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state . In ancient and classical India , the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power , learning , and culture . From Magadha arose India 's first empire , the Maurya empire , as well as one of the world 's most widely adhered-to religions : Buddhism . Magadha empires , notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties , unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule . Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '45,031', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Madhubani', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madhubani,_India', 'summary': "Madhubani is a town municipality and headquarter of Madhubani district . Madhubani is situated in the Indian state of Bihar . It comes under Darbhanga Division . It lies 26 km northeast of Darbhanga town and was part of the erstwhile 'Bettiah Raj ' . The Madhuban Raj in Madhubani was created as a consequence . The word Madhuban means forest of honey from which Madhubani is derived , but sometimes it is also known as madhu+vaani meaning sweet voice/language . Madhubani is the cultural heart of Mithilanchal , being the birthplace of many literary people and home to Madhubani Paintings and Rajnagar Palace Complex . It is said to be that Madhubani is the world 's second city who adopted democracy . It is the core heart of Mithlanchal region and it is known for its hospitality culture . It is also known for its diverse food , culture and sweet Maithali language ."}]}, {'value': 'Bihar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bihar', 'summary': "Bihar ( /bɪˈhɑːr/ ; Hindi pronunciation : [ bɪˈɦaːr ] ( listen ) ) is a state in eastern India . It is the third-largest state by population and twelfth-largest by territory , with an area of 94,163 km2 ( 36,357 sq mi ) . It is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west , Nepal to the north , the northern part of West Bengal to the east , and with Jharkhand to the south . The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges , which flows from west to east . Three main cultural regions converge in the state : Magadh , Mithila , and Bhojpur . On 15 November 2000 , southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand . Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas , which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh . Additionally , almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25 , giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state . In ancient and classical India , the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power , learning , and culture . From Magadha arose India 's first empire , the Maurya empire , as well as one of the world 's most widely adhered-to religions : Buddhism . Magadha empires , notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties , unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule . Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '66,340', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Madhugiri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madhugiri', 'summary': 'Madhugiri is a town in Tumkur district in the Indian state of Karnataka . The town derives its name from a hillock , Madhu-giri ( honey-hill ) which is to the south of the place . Madhugiri is one of the 34 educational districts of the Karnataka state At 3,930 ft ( 1,200 m ) elevation , Madhugiri is a single hill . Nestled on its steep slopes is a fort . Antaralada Bagilu , Diddi Bagilu , and Mysuru Gate are the three gateways of the fort . A series of doorways leads to the hill . The ruined temple of Gopalakrishna is located at the top . The construction of the original mud fort was undertaken by Raja Hire Gowda in the 17th century around 1670 AD . An interesting incident prompted the Gowda family to consider building a fortress . A stray sheep went missing around the Madhugiri hillock only to return late in the night dripping with water . This was music to the ears since a spring would definitely be welcome sign for rain deficient area . A decision to construct a fortress was arrived and the task was completed .'}]}, {'value': 'Karnataka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karnataka', 'summary': 'Karnataka ( Karnāṭaka , Kannada pronunciation : [ kɐnaːʈɐka ] ) is a state in the south western region of India . It was formed on 1 November 1956 , with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act . Originally known as the State of Mysore , it was renamed Karnataka in 1973 . The state corresponds to the Carnatic region . The capital and largest city is Bangalore . Karnataka is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west , Goa to the northwest , Maharashtra to the north , Telangana to the northeast , Andhra Pradesh to the east , Tamil Nadu to the southeast , and Kerala to the south . The state covers an area of 191,976 square kilometres ( 74,122 sq mi ) , or 5.83 percent of the total geographical area of India . It is the sixth largest Indian state by area . With 61,130,704 inhabitants at the 2011 census , Karnataka is the eighth largest state by population , comprising 30 districts . Kannada , one of the classical languages of India , is the most widely spoken and official language of the state . Other languages spoken include Urdu , Konkani , Marathi , Tulu , Tamil , Telugu , Malayalam , Kodava and Beary . Karnataka also contains some of the only villages in India where Sanskrit is primarily spoken .'}]}, {'value': 'T.M.C', 'urls': []}, {'value': '26,304', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Madhupur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madhupur,_Deoghar', 'summary': 'Madhupur is a town with municipality in Deoghar district in the Indian state of Jharkhand . It is a subdivisional town . It is famous for the production of sweets .'}]}, {'value': 'Jharkhand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jharkhand', 'summary': 'Jharkhand ( lit . Bushland or The land of forest ) is a state in eastern India . The state shares its border with the states of Bihar to the north , Uttar Pradesh to the northwest , Chhattisgarh to the west , Odisha to the south and West Bengal to the east . It has an area of 79,710 km2 ( 30,778 sq mi ) . It is the 15th largest state by area , and the 14th largest by population . Hindi is the official language of the state . The city of Ranchi is its capital and Dumka its sub capital . The state is known for its waterfalls , hills and holy places ; Baidyanath Dham , Parasnath and Rajrappa are major religious sites . The region has been inhabited since the Mesolithic-Chalcolithic period , as shown by several ancient cave paintings . Even evidence of use of iron started in this region as early as 1400 BCE . The region was under the rule of many sovereign and autonomous ruling dynasties including Maurya , Gupta , Gauda , Pala , Nagvanshi , Khayaravala , Ramgarh Raj , Raksel , Chero and Kharagdiha Zamindari estates . In the 16th century Mughal influence reached the region , and it finally came under the East India Company in the 18th century .'}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '47,326', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Madikeri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madikeri', 'summary': 'Madikeri ( also known by its former name Mercara ) is a hill station town in Madikeri taluk in Karnataka state , India . It is the headquarters of the district of Kodagu .'}]}, {'value': 'Karnataka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karnataka', 'summary': 'Karnataka ( Karnāṭaka , Kannada pronunciation : [ kɐnaːʈɐka ] ) is a state in the south western region of India . It was formed on 1 November 1956 , with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act . Originally known as the State of Mysore , it was renamed Karnataka in 1973 . The state corresponds to the Carnatic region . The capital and largest city is Bangalore . Karnataka is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west , Goa to the northwest , Maharashtra to the north , Telangana to the northeast , Andhra Pradesh to the east , Tamil Nadu to the southeast , and Kerala to the south . The state covers an area of 191,976 square kilometres ( 74,122 sq mi ) , or 5.83 percent of the total geographical area of India . It is the sixth largest Indian state by area . With 61,130,704 inhabitants at the 2011 census , Karnataka is the eighth largest state by population , comprising 30 districts . Kannada , one of the classical languages of India , is the most widely spoken and official language of the state . Other languages spoken include Urdu , Konkani , Marathi , Tulu , Tamil , Telugu , Malayalam , Kodava and Beary . Karnataka also contains some of the only villages in India where Sanskrit is primarily spoken .'}]}, {'value': 'T.M.C', 'urls': []}, {'value': '32,496', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Magadi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Magadi', 'summary': 'Magadi , is a Taluk headquarters located in Ramanagara district . The town is situated at a distance of 51 km from Bangalore . The founder of Bangalore , the great Kempegowda was a native of Kempapura , Magadi taluk . Magadi , having a rich cultural heritage was the largest boundary ( Mega Gadi ) marked during the rulers of Vijayanagar empire . The town was earlier known by names Maha Gadi or Mahalakshmi Gadi , later the British regime renamed the town as Magadi .'}]}, {'value': 'Karnataka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karnataka', 'summary': 'Karnataka ( Karnāṭaka , Kannada pronunciation : [ kɐnaːʈɐka ] ) is a state in the south western region of India . It was formed on 1 November 1956 , with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act . Originally known as the State of Mysore , it was renamed Karnataka in 1973 . The state corresponds to the Carnatic region . The capital and largest city is Bangalore . Karnataka is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west , Goa to the northwest , Maharashtra to the north , Telangana to the northeast , Andhra Pradesh to the east , Tamil Nadu to the southeast , and Kerala to the south . The state covers an area of 191,976 square kilometres ( 74,122 sq mi ) , or 5.83 percent of the total geographical area of India . It is the sixth largest Indian state by area . With 61,130,704 inhabitants at the 2011 census , Karnataka is the eighth largest state by population , comprising 30 districts . Kannada , one of the classical languages of India , is the most widely spoken and official language of the state . Other languages spoken include Urdu , Konkani , Marathi , Tulu , Tamil , Telugu , Malayalam , Kodava and Beary . Karnataka also contains some of the only villages in India where Sanskrit is primarily spoken .'}]}, {'value': 'T.M.C', 'urls': []}, {'value': '25,031', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mahad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mahad', 'summary': "Mahad pronunciation ( help·info ) is a city in Raigad district ( formerly Kulaba district ) situated in the North Konkan region of Maharashtra state , India . It is located 108.5km from District 's Headquarter Alibag , and 167km from Mumbai state capital of Maharashtra and Economic capital of India , towards Western Coast . The city is well-known historically due to its Raigad fort Capital of Maratha Empire in Shivaji Maharaj 's Era and Revolutionary Mahad Satyagraha launched by Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar at Chavdar Tale in the wake of Modern India.Also the pale caves which are one of pandava era"}]}, {'value': 'Maharashtra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maharashtra', 'summary': "Maharashtra ( /mɑːhəˈrɑːʃtrə/ ; Marathi : [ məharaːʂʈrə ] ( listen ) , abbr . MH ) is a state in the western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau . It is the second-most populous state and third-largest state by area . Spread over 307,713 km2 ( 118,809 sq mi ) , it is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west , the Indian states of Karnataka and Goa to the south , Telangana to the southeast and Chhattisgarh to the east , Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh to the north , and the Indian union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu to the north west . It is also the world 's third-most populous subnational entity . Maharashtra was formed by merging the western and south-western parts of the Bombay State , Berar and Vidarbha , and the north-western parts of the Hyderabad State and splitting Saurashtra ( in present-day Gujarat ) by the States Reorganisation Act . It has over 112 million inhabitants and its capital , Mumbai , has a population around 18 million making it the most populous urban area in India . Nagpur hosts the winter session of the state legislature . Pune is known as the 'Oxford of the East ' due to the presence of several well-known educational institutions . Nashik is known as the 'Wine Capital of India ' as it has the largest number of wineries and vineyards in the country . The Godavari and the Krishna are the two major rivers in the state . The Narmada and Tapi Rivers flow near the border between Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat ."}]}, {'value': 'M.Cl', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24,276', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mahalingapura', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mahalingapura', 'summary': "Mahalingpur or Mahalingapura in Kannada is a town of Bagalkot district in the Indian state of Karnataka . Agriculture , weaving and jaggery production are the primary industries here . In the past , town was called as Naragatti . Later renamed as Mahalingpur after the gracious appearance of Lord Shri Mahalingeshwara . People speak typical Kannada , understand English and Hindi . The town is known for its picturesque surroundings and pleasant climate . The Ghataprabha River flows through nearby Nandagaon village from its source , which lies to the southwest of the town , and in Kudala sangama gets merge with Krishna . Mahalingpur is one of the major commercial towns in the Bagalkot district . Jaggery and Saari 's are common export marketing stuffs here ."}]}, {'value': 'Karnataka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karnataka', 'summary': 'Karnataka ( Karnāṭaka , Kannada pronunciation : [ kɐnaːʈɐka ] ) is a state in the south western region of India . It was formed on 1 November 1956 , with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act . Originally known as the State of Mysore , it was renamed Karnataka in 1973 . The state corresponds to the Carnatic region . The capital and largest city is Bangalore . Karnataka is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west , Goa to the northwest , Maharashtra to the north , Telangana to the northeast , Andhra Pradesh to the east , Tamil Nadu to the southeast , and Kerala to the south . The state covers an area of 191,976 square kilometres ( 74,122 sq mi ) , or 5.83 percent of the total geographical area of India . It is the sixth largest Indian state by area . With 61,130,704 inhabitants at the 2011 census , Karnataka is the eighth largest state by population , comprising 30 districts . Kannada , one of the classical languages of India , is the most widely spoken and official language of the state . Other languages spoken include Urdu , Konkani , Marathi , Tulu , Tamil , Telugu , Malayalam , Kodava and Beary . Karnataka also contains some of the only villages in India where Sanskrit is primarily spoken .'}]}, {'value': 'T.M.C', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30,858', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maharajganj', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maharajganj,_Siwan', 'summary': 'Maharajganj City Council ( Maharajganj Nagar Panchayat ) is a Nagar Panchayat ( City council ) located in Siwan district of the Indian state of Bihar .'}]}, {'value': 'Bihar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bihar', 'summary': "Bihar ( /bɪˈhɑːr/ ; Hindi pronunciation : [ bɪˈɦaːr ] ( listen ) ) is a state in eastern India . It is the third-largest state by population and twelfth-largest by territory , with an area of 94,163 km2 ( 36,357 sq mi ) . It is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west , Nepal to the north , the northern part of West Bengal to the east , and with Jharkhand to the south . The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges , which flows from west to east . Three main cultural regions converge in the state : Magadh , Mithila , and Bhojpur . On 15 November 2000 , southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand . Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas , which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh . Additionally , almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25 , giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state . In ancient and classical India , the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power , learning , and culture . From Magadha arose India 's first empire , the Maurya empire , as well as one of the world 's most widely adhered-to religions : Buddhism . Magadha empires , notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties , unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule . Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'N.A', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20,860', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maharajpur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maharajpur', 'summary': 'Maharajpur is a town and a nagar panchayat in Mandla district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh .'}]}, {'value': 'Madhya Pradesh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh', 'summary': "Madhya Pradesh ( MP ; /ˌmʌdjə prəˈdɛʃ/ , Hindi : [ ˈmədʱjə pɾəˈdeːʃ ] ( listen ) ; meaning Central Province ) is a state in central India . Its capital is Bhopal , and the largest city is Indore , with Jabalpur , Gwalior , and Ujjain being the other major cities . Madhya Pradesh is the second largest Indian state by area and the fifth largest state by population with over 75 million residents . It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast , Chhattisgarh to the southeast , Maharashtra to the south , Gujarat to the west , and Rajasthan to the northwest . Before 2000 , when Chhattisgarh was a part of Madhya Pradesh , Madhya Pradesh was the largest state in India and the distance between the two furthest points inside the state , Singoli and Konta , was 1500 km . The area covered by the present-day Madhya Pradesh includes the area of the ancient Avanti Mahajanapada , whose capital Ujjain ( also known as Avantika ) arose as a major city during the second wave of Indian urbanisation in the sixth century BCE . Subsequently , the region was ruled by the major dynasties of India . By the early 18th century , the region was divided into several small kingdoms which were captured by the British and incorporated into Central Provinces and Berar and the Central India Agency . After India 's independence , Madhya Pradesh state was created with Nagpur as its capital : this state included the southern parts of the present-day Madhya Pradesh and northeastern portion of today 's Maharashtra . In 1956 , this state was reorganised and its parts were combined with the states of Madhya Bharat , Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal to form the new Madhya Pradesh state , the Marathi-speaking Vidarbha region was removed and merged with the then Bombay State . This state was the largest in India by area until 2000 , when its southeastern Chhattisgarh region was made as a separate state . The economy of Madhya Pradesh is the tenth-largest state economy in India with ₹8.09 lakh crore ( US $ 110 billion ) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of ₹90,000 ( US $ 1,300 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'NP', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21,490', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mahasamund', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mahasamund', 'summary': 'Mahasamund City is a city in Mahasamund District in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh . The city is divided into 30 wards and four zones and it is the largest city in the Trans-Mahanadi area . It is also the administrative headquarters of the Mahasamund District and part of the proposed new Municipal Corporation , along with Dhamtari , Birgaon , and Charoda . The present mayor ( Nagar Palika ) is Pawan Patel. [ when ? ]'}]}, {'value': 'Chhattisgarh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chhattisgarh', 'summary': 'Chhattisgarh ( Chhattīsgaṛh , Hindi pronunciation : [ /ˈtʃʰət̪ːisgəɽʱ/ ] , translation : Thirty-Six Forts ) is one of the 28 states of India , located in the centre-east of the country . It is the ninth-largest state in India , with an area of 135,192 km2 ( 52,198 sq mi ) . With a 2011 population of 25.5 million , Chhattisgarh is the 16th-most populated state in the country . A resource-rich state , it is a source of electricity and steel for the country , accounting for 15% of the total steel produced as well as large contributor of coal . Chhattisgarh is one of the fastest-developing states in India . The state was formed on 1 November 2000 by partitioning ten Chhattisgarhi and six Gondi-speaking southeastern districts of Madhya Pradesh . The capital city is Raipur . Chhattisgarh borders the states of Madhya Pradesh in the northwest , Uttar Pradesh in the north , Jharkhand in northeast , Maharashtra in the southwest , Telangana and Andhra Pradesh in the south , and Odisha in the southeast . Currently the state comprises 30 districts . The Gross State Domestic Product ( GSDP ) of Chhattisgarh is ₹3.63 lakh crore ( US $ 51 billion ) and the per capita GSDP ₹102,762 ( US $ 1,400 )'}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '85,650', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mahe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mahé,_India', 'summary': 'Mahé , also known as Mayyazhi , is a small town in the Mahé district of the Pondicherry Union Territory . It is situated at the mouth of the Mahé River and is surrounded by the State of Kerala . The Kannur District surrounds Mahé on three sides and Kozhikode District from one side . Formerly part of French India , Mahé now forms a municipality in Mahé district , one of the four districts of the Union Territory of Puducherry . Mahé has one representative in the Puducherry Legislative Assembly .'}]}, {'value': 'Puducherry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Puducherry', 'summary': 'Puducherry ( /pʊdʊˈtʃɛri/ ) , formerly known as Pondicherry ( /pɒndɪˈtʃɛri/ ) , is one of the 8 union territories of India . It was formed out of four territories of former French India , namely Pondichéry ( Pondicherry ; now Puducherry ) , Karikal ( Karaikal ) , Mahé and Yanaon ( Yanam ) , excluding Chandernagore . It is named after the largest district , Puducherry . Historically known as Pondicherry ( Pāṇṭiccēri ) , the territory changed its official name to Puducherry on 20 September 2006 . The Union Territory of Puducherry lies in the southern part of the Indian Peninsula . The areas of Puducherry district and Karaikal district are bound by the state of Tamil Nadu , while Yanam district and Mahé district are enclosed by the states of Andhra Pradesh and Kerala respectively . Puducherry is the 29th most populous and the third most densely populated of the states and union territories of India . It has a gross domestic product ( GDP ) of ₹210 billion ( US $ 2.9 billion ) and ranks 25th in India .'}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '36,828', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manendragarh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manendragarh', 'summary': 'Manendragarh is a town of the Koriya district that is a part of the state of Chhattisgarh . The city housing the taluk headquarters along with few important district head offices is sited near the Chhattishgarh -Madhya Pradesh state border . The nearest airport is at Raipur in Chhattisgarh . Manendragarh Railway Station is on the Anuppur-Chirmiri rail route . There are many coal mines around here . Manendragarh was originated by some tribals around 100 years ago ; later developed by British Raj for coal excavation . Road and Railway Lines are developed by the British . National Highway 43 has its route through Manendragarh . Sirrouli temple is very famous in Manendragarh which is near Udalkachar railway station . Amrit Dhara Waterfall is a nearby attraction . Sidh-Baba mount is famous for the Lord Shiva temple .'}]}, {'value': 'Chhattisgarh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chhattisgarh', 'summary': 'Chhattisgarh ( Chhattīsgaṛh , Hindi pronunciation : [ /ˈtʃʰət̪ːisgəɽʱ/ ] , translation : Thirty-Six Forts ) is one of the 28 states of India , located in the centre-east of the country . It is the ninth-largest state in India , with an area of 135,192 km2 ( 52,198 sq mi ) . With a 2011 population of 25.5 million , Chhattisgarh is the 16th-most populated state in the country . A resource-rich state , it is a source of electricity and steel for the country , accounting for 15% of the total steel produced as well as large contributor of coal . Chhattisgarh is one of the fastest-developing states in India . The state was formed on 1 November 2000 by partitioning ten Chhattisgarhi and six Gondi-speaking southeastern districts of Madhya Pradesh . The capital city is Raipur . Chhattisgarh borders the states of Madhya Pradesh in the northwest , Uttar Pradesh in the north , Jharkhand in northeast , Maharashtra in the southwest , Telangana and Andhra Pradesh in the south , and Odisha in the southeast . Currently the state comprises 30 districts . The Gross State Domestic Product ( GSDP ) of Chhattisgarh is ₹3.63 lakh crore ( US $ 51 billion ) and the per capita GSDP ₹102,762 ( US $ 1,400 )'}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30,758', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mahendragarh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mahendragarh', 'summary': 'Mahendragarh is a city and a municipal committee in Mahendragarh district in the north Indian state of Haryana . It is 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) from Gurgaon and comes under National Capital Region ( India ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Haryana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Haryana', 'summary': "Haryana ( Hindi pronunciation : [ ɦərɪˈjaːɳaː ] ) is one of the 28 states in India , located in northern part of the country . It was carved out of the former state of East Punjab on 1 November 1966 on linguistic as well as on cultural basis . It is ranked 22nd in terms of area with less than 1.4% ( 44,212 km2 ( 17,070 sq mi ) ) of India 's land area . Chandigarh is the state capital , Faridabad in National Capital Region is the most populous city of the state and Gurugram is a leading financial hub of NCR with major Fortune 500 companies located in it . Haryana has 6 administrative divisions , 22 districts , 72 sub-divisions , 93 revenue tehsils , 50 sub-tehsils , 140 community development blocks , 154 cities and towns , 6,848 villages and 6222 villages panchayats . As the largest recipient of investment per capita since 2000 in India , and among one of the wealthiest and most economically developed regions in South Asia , Haryana has the fifth highest per capita income among Indian states and UTs at ₹226,644 ( US $ 3,200 ) against the national average of ₹125,397 ( US $ 1,800 ) for year 2018-19 . Haryana 's 2019-20 estimated state GSDP of US $ 110 billion ( 52% services , 34% industries and 14% agriculture ) is growing at 12.96% 2012-17 CAGR and placed on the 13th position behind only much bigger states , is also boosted by 30 SEZs ( mainly along DMIC , ADKIC and DWPE in NCR ) , 7% national agricultural exports , 65% of national Basmati rice export , 67% cars , 60% motorbikes , 50% tractors and 50% refrigerators produced in India . Faridabad has been described as eighth fastest growing city in the world and third most in India by City Mayors Foundation survey . In services , Gurugram ranks number 1 in India in IT growth rate and existing technology infrastructure , and number 2 in startup ecosystem , innovation and livability ( Nov 2016 ) . Haryana has the seventh highest ranking among Indian states in human development index . Among the world 's oldest and largest ancient civilisations , the Indus Valley Civilization sites at Rakhigarhi village in Hisar district and Bhirrana in Fatehabad district are 9,000 years old . Rich in history , monuments , heritage , flora and fauna , human resources and tourism with well developed economy , national highways and state roads , it is bordered by Himachal Pradesh to the north-east , by river Yamuna along its eastern border with Uttar Pradesh , by Rajasthan to the west and south , and Ghaggar-Hakra River flows along its northern border with Punjab ."}]}, {'value': 'M.C', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24,323', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mahnar Bazar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mahnar_Bazar', 'summary': 'Mahnar Bazar is a municipality , block and Sub-division in Vaishali district of Bihar state in India . It is also the main market to all nearby ward areas and villages . Mahnar comes under Hajipur Lok Sabha Constituency . It is a nagarpalika divided into many wards . It has its own police station and land registration office . The area has well-equipped government hospital and animal hospital .'}]}, {'value': 'Bihar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bihar', 'summary': "Bihar ( /bɪˈhɑːr/ ; Hindi pronunciation : [ bɪˈɦaːr ] ( listen ) ) is a state in eastern India . It is the third-largest state by population and twelfth-largest by territory , with an area of 94,163 km2 ( 36,357 sq mi ) . It is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west , Nepal to the north , the northern part of West Bengal to the east , and with Jharkhand to the south . The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges , which flows from west to east . Three main cultural regions converge in the state : Magadh , Mithila , and Bhojpur . On 15 November 2000 , southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand . Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas , which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh . Additionally , almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25 , giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state . In ancient and classical India , the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power , learning , and culture . From Magadha arose India 's first empire , the Maurya empire , as well as one of the world 's most widely adhered-to religions : Buddhism . Magadha empires , notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties , unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule . Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom ."}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '37,370', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mahua Dabra Haripura', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mahua_Dabra_Haripura', 'summary': 'Mahua Dabra Haripura is a town , a nagar panchayat in Udham Singh Nagar district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand .'}]}, {'value': 'Uttarakhand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uttarakhand', 'summary': 'Uttarakhand ( /ˌʊtəˈrɑːkʌnd/ ) , formerly known as Uttaranchal ( /ˌʊtəˈrɑːntʃəl/ ) , is a state in the northern part of India . It is often referred to as the Devabhumi ( literally Land of the Gods ) due to numerous Hindu temples and pilgrimage centres found throughout the state . Uttarakhand is known for the natural environment of the Himalayas , the Bhabar and the Terai . On 9 November 2000 , Uttarakhand became the 27th state of the Republic of India , being carved from the Himalayan districts of Uttar Pradesh . It borders Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north ; the Sudurpashchim Pradesh of Nepal to the east ; the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the south and Himachal Pradesh to the west and north-west . The state is divided into two divisions , Garhwal and Kumaon , with a total of 13 districts . The capital of Uttarakhand is Dehradun , the largest city of the state , which is a railhead . The High Court of the state is located in Nainital . Archaeological evidence supports the existence of humans in the region since prehistoric times . The region formed a part of the Uttarakuru Kingdom during the Vedic age of Ancient India . Among the first major dynasties of Kumaon were the Kunindas in the 2nd century BCE who practised an early form of Shaivism . Ashokan edicts at Kalsi show the early presence of Buddhism in this region .'}]}, {'value': 'N.P', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7,326', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mahua Kheraganj', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mahua_Kheraganj', 'summary': 'Mahuakhera Ganj is a City , a Nagar Palika Parishad in Udham Singh Nagar district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand . The Mahuakhera Ganj city is divided into 9 wards for which elections are held every 5 years . Name OF Wards- 1-Vijay Nagra , 2-Aherpura,3-Mandaiya Devi , 4-Ganj , 5- Aadarsh Nagar , 6- Jama Masjid , 7-Hakim Ganj , 8-Sakti Chauraha 9-Vishal Nagar'}]}, {'value': 'Uttarakhand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uttarakhand', 'summary': 'Uttarakhand ( /ˌʊtəˈrɑːkʌnd/ ) , formerly known as Uttaranchal ( /ˌʊtəˈrɑːntʃəl/ ) , is a state in the northern part of India . It is often referred to as the Devabhumi ( literally Land of the Gods ) due to numerous Hindu temples and pilgrimage centres found throughout the state . Uttarakhand is known for the natural environment of the Himalayas , the Bhabar and the Terai . On 9 November 2000 , Uttarakhand became the 27th state of the Republic of India , being carved from the Himalayan districts of Uttar Pradesh . It borders Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north ; the Sudurpashchim Pradesh of Nepal to the east ; the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the south and Himachal Pradesh to the west and north-west . The state is divided into two divisions , Garhwal and Kumaon , with a total of 13 districts . The capital of Uttarakhand is Dehradun , the largest city of the state , which is a railhead . The High Court of the state is located in Nainital . Archaeological evidence supports the existence of humans in the region since prehistoric times . The region formed a part of the Uttarakuru Kingdom during the Vedic age of Ancient India . Among the first major dynasties of Kumaon were the Kunindas in the 2nd century BCE who practised an early form of Shaivism . Ashokan edicts at Kalsi show the early presence of Buddhism in this region .'}]}, {'value': 'N.P', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12,584', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maihar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maihar', 'summary': 'Maihar is a town with municipality in Satna district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh . Maihar is known for the temple of the revered mother goddess Sharda situated on Trikuta hill .'}]}, {'value': 'Madhya Pradesh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh', 'summary': "Madhya Pradesh ( MP ; /ˌmʌdjə prəˈdɛʃ/ , Hindi : [ ˈmədʱjə pɾəˈdeːʃ ] ( listen ) ; meaning Central Province ) is a state in central India . Its capital is Bhopal , and the largest city is Indore , with Jabalpur , Gwalior , and Ujjain being the other major cities . Madhya Pradesh is the second largest Indian state by area and the fifth largest state by population with over 75 million residents . It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast , Chhattisgarh to the southeast , Maharashtra to the south , Gujarat to the west , and Rajasthan to the northwest . Before 2000 , when Chhattisgarh was a part of Madhya Pradesh , Madhya Pradesh was the largest state in India and the distance between the two furthest points inside the state , Singoli and Konta , was 1500 km . The area covered by the present-day Madhya Pradesh includes the area of the ancient Avanti Mahajanapada , whose capital Ujjain ( also known as Avantika ) arose as a major city during the second wave of Indian urbanisation in the sixth century BCE . Subsequently , the region was ruled by the major dynasties of India . By the early 18th century , the region was divided into several small kingdoms which were captured by the British and incorporated into Central Provinces and Berar and the Central India Agency . After India 's independence , Madhya Pradesh state was created with Nagpur as its capital : this state included the southern parts of the present-day Madhya Pradesh and northeastern portion of today 's Maharashtra . In 1956 , this state was reorganised and its parts were combined with the states of Madhya Bharat , Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal to form the new Madhya Pradesh state , the Marathi-speaking Vidarbha region was removed and merged with the then Bombay State . This state was the largest in India by area until 2000 , when its southeastern Chhattisgarh region was made as a separate state . The economy of Madhya Pradesh is the tenth-largest state economy in India with ₹8.09 lakh crore ( US $ 110 billion ) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of ₹90,000 ( US $ 1,300 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'M', 'urls': []}, {'value': '34,342', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'M', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_populated_places_in_Adilabad_district_12', 'intro': 'The entire work of this article is based on Census of India, 2011, conducted by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, under Ministry of Home Affairs (India), Government of India.'}
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The most populous town in the state with the highest proportion of young people is know for what language ?
Maithali
04c0565b1631e524
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performance_Ranking_of_Scientific_Papers_for_World_Universities', 'title': 'Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities', 'header': ['2010', 'University', 'Country'], 'data': [{'value': '01', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of California- Berkeley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley', 'summary': 'The University of California , Berkeley ( UC Berkeley , Berkeley , Cal , or California ) is a public research university in Berkeley , California . Founded in 1868 , it is the flagship campus and the oldest of the ten campuses of the University of California . Berkeley has been ranked by numerous major education publications as among the top ten universities in the world . Berkeley is one of the 14 founding members of the Association of American Universities and had $ 789 million in R & D expenditures in the fiscal year ending June 30 , 2015 . Today , Berkeley maintains close relationships with three United States Department of Energy National Laboratories - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Los Alamos National Laboratory - and is home to many institutes , including the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute and the Space Sciences Laboratory . Through its partner institution University of California , San Francisco ( UCSF ) , Berkeley also offers a joint medical program at the UCSF Medical Center . As of October 2019 [ update ] , Berkeley alumni , faculty members and researchers include 107 Nobel laureates , the third most of any university worldwide , as well as 25 Turing Award winners , and 14 Fields Medalists . They have also won 19 Wolf Prizes , 45 MacArthur Fellowships , 20 Academy Awards , 19 Pulitzer Prizes , and 207 Olympic medals . In 1930 , Ernest Lawrence invented the cyclotron at Berkeley , based on which UC Berkeley researchers along with Berkeley Lab have discovered or co-discovered 16 chemical elements - more than any other university . During the 1940s , Berkeley physicist J. R. Oppenheimer , the Father of the Atomic Bomb , led the Manhattan project to create the first atomic bomb . In the 1960s , Berkeley was particularly noted for the Free Speech Movement as well as the anti-Vietnam War movement led by its students . In the 21st century , Berkeley has become one of the leading universities in producing entrepreneurs and its alumni have founded or co-founded many companies worldwide , including five classified as Fortune 500 Companies as of 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '02', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Swiss Federal Institute of Technology- Zurich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ETH_Zurich', 'summary': "ETH Zurich ( Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich ; German : Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich ; French : École polytechnique fédérale de Zurich ; Italian : Politecnico federale di Zurigo ) is a science , technology , engineering and mathematics university in the city of Zürich , Switzerland , and one of the most prestigious universities in the world . Like its sister institution EPFL , it is an integral part of the Swiss Federal Institutes of Technology Domain ( ETH Domain ) that is directly subordinate to Switzerland 's Federal Department of Economic Affairs , Education and Research . The school was founded by the Swiss Federal Government in 1854 with the stated mission to educate engineers and scientists , serve as a national center of excellence in science and technology and provide a hub for interaction between the scientific community and industry . In the 2020 edition of the QS World University Rankings ETH Zurich has been ranked 6th in the world ( 2nd in Europe after the University of Oxford ) , which represents a one place improvement compared to the 2019 edition , and is also ranked 13th in the world by the Times Higher Education World Rankings 2018 ( 4th in Europe after Oxbridge and Imperial College London ) . In the 2019 QS World University Rankings by subject it is ranked 3rd in the world for engineering and technology ( 1st in Europe ) , and 1st for Earth & Marine Science . As of November 2019 , 21 Nobel laureates , 2 Fields Medalists , 2 Pritzker Prize winners , and 1 Turing Award winner have been affiliated with the Institute , including Albert Einstein . It is a founding member of the IDEA League and the International Alliance of Research Universities ( IARU ) and a member of the CESAER network ."}]}, {'value': 'Switzerland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Switzerland', 'summary': "Switzerland , officially the Swiss Confederation , is a country situated in the confluence of western , central , and southern Europe . [ note 4 ] It is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons , with federal authorities seated in Bern . [ note 1 ] Switzerland is a landlocked country bordered by Italy to the south , France to the west , Germany to the north , and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east . It is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau , the Alps , and the Jura , spanning a total area of 41,285 km2 ( 15,940 sq mi ) , and land area of 39,997 km2 ( 15,443 sq mi ) . While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory , the Swiss population of approximately 8.5 million is concentrated mostly on the plateau , where the largest cities are located , among them the two global cities and economic centres of Zürich and Geneva . The establishment of the Old Swiss Confederacy dates to the late medieval period , resulting from a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy . Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognized in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 . The Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the founding document of Switzerland which is celebrated on Swiss National Day . Since the Reformation of the 16th century , Switzerland has maintained a strong policy of armed neutrality ; it has not fought an international war since 1815 and did not join the United Nations until 2002 . Nevertheless , it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world . Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross , one of the world 's oldest and best known humanitarian organisations , and is home to numerous international organisations , including the second largest UN office . It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association , but notably not part of the European Union , the European Economic Area or the Eurozone ."}]}, {'value': '03', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hong Kong Polytechnic University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hong_Kong_Polytechnic_University', 'summary': 'The Hong Kong Polytechnic University ( PolyU or HKPU ) is a public research university located in Hung Hom , Hong Kong . The history of PolyU can be traced back to 1937 . It became a fully accredited university in 1994 and is one of the government-funded degree-granting tertiary institutions . PolyU consists of 8 facilities and schools , offering programmes covering applied science , business , construction , environment , engineering , social science , health , humanities , design , hotel and tourism management . The university offers 220 postgraduate , undergraduate and sub-degree programmes for more than 32,000 students every year . It is the largest UGC-funded tertiary institution in terms of number of students . As of 2019 , the university ranks 19th in Asia by THE , 8th in young universities , and 91st internationally by QS .'}]}, {'value': 'Hong Kong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hong_Kong', 'summary': "Hong Kong ( /ˌhɒŋˈkɒŋ/ ( listen ) ; Chinese : 香港 , Cantonese : [ hœ́ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People 's Republic of China ( HKSAR ) , is a city and special administrative region on the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary in southern China . With over 7.4 million people of various nationalities [ d ] in a 1,104-square-kilometre ( 426 sq mi ) territory , Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated places in the world . Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after Qing Empire ceded Hong Kong Island at the end of the First Opium War in 1842 . The colony expanded to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 after the Second Opium War , and was further extended when Britain obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898 . The territory was returned to China in 1997 . As a special administrative region , Hong Kong maintains separate governing and economic systems from that of mainland China under the principle of one country , two systems . Originally a sparsely populated area of farming and fishing villages , the territory has become one of the world 's most significant financial centres and commercial ports . It is the world 's tenth-largest exporter and ninth-largest importer . As one of the world 's leading international financial centres , Hong Kong has a major capitalist service economy characterised by low taxation and free trade , and the currency , Hong Kong dollar , is the eighth most traded currency in the world . Hong Kong hosts the largest concentration of ultra high-net-worth individuals of any city in the world . Although the city has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world , there is severe income inequality among its residents . Hong Kong is a highly developed territory and ranks fourth on the UN Human Development Index ."}]}, {'value': '04', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Technical University of Denmark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Technical_University_of_Denmark', 'summary': "The Technical University of Denmark ( Danish : Danmarks Tekniske Universitet ) , often simply referred to as DTU , is a university in Kongens Lyngby , 12 kilometres ( 7.5 mi ) north of central Copenhagen , Denmark . It was founded in 1829 at the initiative of Hans Christian Ørsted as Denmark 's first polytechnic , and is today ranked among Europe 's leading engineering institutions . DTU , along with École Polytechnique in Paris , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , Eindhoven University of Technology , Technical University of Munich and Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , is a member of Eurotech Universities ."}]}, {'value': 'Denmark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denmark', 'summary': 'Denmark ( Danish : Danmark , pronounced [ ˈtænmak ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Denmark , [ N 10 ] [ N 2 ] is a Nordic country in Northwest Europe . Denmark proper , which is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries , consists of a peninsula , Jutland , and an archipelago of 443 named islands , [ N 2 ] with the largest being Zealand , Funen and the North Jutlandic Island . The islands are characterised by flat , arable land and sandy coasts , low elevation and a temperate climate . The southernmost of the Scandinavian nations , Denmark lies southwest of Sweden and south of Norway , [ N 11 ] and is bordered to the south by Germany . The Kingdom of Denmark also includes two autonomous territories in the North Atlantic Ocean : the Faroe Islands and Greenland . Denmark has a total area of 42,924 km2 ( 16,573 sq mi ) , land area of 42,394 km2 ( 16,368 sq mi ) , and the total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2,210,579 km2 ( 853,509 sq mi ) , and a population of 5.8 million in Denmark proper ( Danish egentlige Danmark ) ( as of 2020 [ update ] ) . The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 8th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea . Denmark , Sweden , and Norway were ruled together under one sovereign ruler in the Kalmar Union , established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523 . The areas of Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until 1814 , Denmark-Norway . Beginning in the 17th century , there were several devastating wars with the Swedish Empire , ending with large cessions of territory to Sweden . After the Napoleonic Wars , Norway was ceded to Sweden , while Denmark kept the Faroe Islands , Greenland , and Iceland . In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements , which were defeated in the First Schleswig War .'}]}, {'value': '05', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Delft University of Technology', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Delft_University_of_Technology', 'summary': "Delft University of Technology ( Dutch : Technische Universiteit Delft ) also known as TU Delft , is the largest and oldest Dutch public technological university , located in Delft , Netherlands . TU Delft has been placed in the top 200 universities in the world by five major ranking tables . As of 2019 , it is ranked in the top 20 in engineering and technology universities in the world . With eight faculties and numerous research institutes , it hosts over 19,000 students ( undergraduate and postgraduate ) , more than 2,900 scientists , and more than 2,100 support and management staff . The university was established on 8 January 1842 by William II of the Netherlands as a Royal Academy , with the main purpose of training civil servants for the Dutch East Indies . The school rapidly expanded its research and education curriculum , becoming first a Polytechnic School in 1864 , Institute of Technology in 1905 , gaining full university rights , and finally changing its name to Delft University of Technology in 1986 . Dutch Nobel laureates Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff , Heike Kamerlingh Onnes , and Simon van der Meer have been associated with TU Delft . TU Delft is a member of several university federations including the IDEA League , CESAER , UNITECH International , and 4TU ."}]}, {'value': 'Netherlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Netherlands', 'summary': "The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' ."}]}, {'value': '06', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of California- Davis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis', 'summary': 'The University of California , Davis ( UC Davis ) , is a public research university and land-grant university adjacent to Davis , California . It is part of the University of California system and has the third-largest enrollment in the system after UCLA and UC Berkeley . The institution was founded as a branch in 1905 and became its own separate entity in 1959 . It has been labeled one of the Public Ivies , a publicly funded university considered to provide a quality of education comparable to those of the Ivy League . The university is classified as a comprehensive doctoral research university with a medical program , and very high research activity . The UC Davis faculty includes 23 members of the National Academy of Sciences , 30 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences , 17 members of the American Law Institute , 14 members of the Institute of Medicine , and 14 members of the National Academy of Engineering . Among other honors , university faculty , alumni , and researchers have won the Nobel Peace Prize , Presidential Medal of Freedom , Pulitzer Prize , MacArthur Fellowship , National Medal of Science , Blue Planet Prize , Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers , and World Food Prize . Founded as primarily an agricultural campus , the university has expanded over the past century to include graduate and professional programs in medicine ( which includes the UC Davis Medical Center ) , law , veterinary medicine , education , nursing , and business management , in addition to 90 research programs offered by UC Davis Graduate Studies . The UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine is the largest in the United States and has been ranked first in the world for five consecutive years ( 2015-19 ) . UC Davis offers certificates and courses , including online classes , for adults and non-traditional learners through its Division of Continuing and Professional Education . The UC Davis Aggies athletic teams compete in the NCAA Division I level , primarily in the Big West Conference as well as the Big Sky Conference ( football only ) and the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation . In its first year of full Division I status , 11 UC Davis teams qualified for NCAA post-season competition .'}]}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '07', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Imperial College London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Imperial_College_London', 'summary': "Imperial College London ( legally Imperial College of Science , Technology and Medicine ) is a public research university located in London . In 1851 , Prince Albert built his vision of an area for culture , including the Victoria and Albert Museum , Natural History Museum , Royal Colleges , Royal Albert Hall , and the Imperial Institute . In 1907 , Imperial College was established by royal charter , merging the Royal College of Science , Royal School of Mines , and City and Guilds of London Institute . In 1988 , the Imperial College School of Medicine was formed by combining with St Mary 's Hospital Medical School . In 2004 , Queen Elizabeth II opened the Imperial College Business School . The main campus is located in South Kensington , with an innovation campus in White City . The college also has a research centre at Silwood Park , and teaching hospitals throughout London . The university focuses exclusively on science , engineering , medicine , and business . Imperial has an international community , with more than 59% of students from outside the UK and 140 countries represented on campus . In 2019-20 , Imperial is internationally ranked 9th in the QS World University Rankings , 10th in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings , 8th in Reuters The World 's Most Innovative Universities , and 24th in the Academic Ranking of World Universities . Student , staff , and researcher affiliations include 14 Nobel laureates , 3 Fields Medalists , 1 Turing Award winner , 74 Fellows of the Royal Society , 87 Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering , and 85 Fellows of the Academy of Medical Sciences ."}]}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '08', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Queensland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Queensland', 'summary': "The University of Queensland ( UQ ) is a public research university located primarily in Brisbane , the capital city of the Australian state of Queensland . Founded in 1909 by the state parliament , UQ is classed as one of the sandstone universities , an informal designation given to the oldest university in each state . UQ is one of Australasia 's leading universities and is ranked as one of the most reputable in the world . The University of Queensland is a founding member of edX , Australia 's research-intensive Group of Eight , the international research network McDonnell International Scholars Academy , and the global Universitas 21 network . The main St Lucia campus occupies much of the riverside inner suburb of St Lucia , southwest of the Brisbane central business district . Other UQ campuses and facilities are located throughout Queensland , the largest of which are the Gatton campus and the Mayne Medical School . UQ 's overseas establishments include UQ North America office in Washington D.C. , and the UQ-Ochsner Clinical School in Louisiana , United States . The university offers associate , bachelor , master , doctoral , and higher doctorate degrees through a college , a graduate school , and six faculties . UQ incorporates over one hundred research institutes and centres , such as the Boeing Research and Technology Australia Centre , the Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology , and the UQ Dow Centre for Sustainable Engineering Innovation . Recent research achievements of the university include pioneering the invention of the HPV vaccine that prevents cervical cancer and the development of high-performance superconducting MRI magnets for portable scanning of human limbs . In Australia , UQ is ranked first for business administration , veterinary medicine and life sciences . UQ 's mining engineering is ranked fifth and sport science is ranked second in the world ."}]}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australia', 'summary': "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ."}]}, {'value': '09', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Toronto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Toronto', 'summary': "The University of Toronto ( U of T or UToronto ) is a public research university in Toronto , Ontario , Canada , located on the grounds that surround Queen 's Park . It was founded by royal charter in 1827 as King 's College , the first institution of higher learning in the colony of Upper Canada . Originally controlled by the Church of England , the university assumed its present name in 1850 upon becoming a secular institution . As a collegiate university , it comprises eleven colleges each with substantial autonomy on financial and institutional affairs and significant differences in character and history . The university also operates two satellite campuses located in Scarborough and Mississauga . Academically , the University of Toronto is noted for influential movements and curricula in literary criticism and communication theory , known collectively as the Toronto School . The university was the birthplace of insulin and stem cell research , and was the site of the first practical electron microscope , the development of deep learning , multi-touch technology , the identification of the first black hole Cygnus X-1 , and the development of the theory of NP-completeness . It receives the most annual scientific research funding of any Canadian university and is one of two members of the Association of American Universities outside the United States , the other being McGill University . The Varsity Blues are the athletic teams that represent the university in intercollegiate league matches , with long and storied ties to gridiron football , rowing and ice hockey . The earliest recorded college football game was played in the University of Toronto 's University College in the early 1860s . The university 's Hart House is an early example of the North American student centre , simultaneously serving cultural , intellectual , and recreational interests within its large Gothic-revival complex . The University of Toronto has educated three Governors General of Canada , four Prime Ministers of Canada , three foreign leaders , and fourteen Justices of the Supreme Court ."}]}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'National Taiwan University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Taiwan_University', 'summary': 'National Taiwan University ( NTU ; Chinese : 國立臺灣大學 ; pinyin : Guólì Táiwān Dàxué ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : Kok-li̍p Tâi-oân Tāi-ha̍k ; colloquially , 臺大 ; Táidà / Tâi-tāi ) [ b ] is a national university in Taipei City , Taiwan . NTU is the most prestigious comprehensive university in Taiwan and one of the top ranked universities in the world . It consists of 11 colleges , 56 departments , 112 graduate institutes , four research centers and a school of professional education and continuing studies . The University was founded in 1928 during Japanese rule as one of the Imperial Universities , the Taihoku Imperial University to serve under the purpose of Japanese colonization . It is older than Imperial Osaka University and Nagoya University . After World War II , the Nationalist government assumed the administration of the university , together with other Provincial flagship Universities in Mainland China at that time before 1949 , similar to the American State Universities System , the Ministry of Education of ROC reorganized and renamed the University as ROC Provincial National Taiwan University on November 15 , 1945 with the root of liberal tradition from Peking University by former NTU President Fu Ssu-nien . Notable alumni include Tsai Ing-Wen , the current President of the Republic of China , former presidents Lee Teng-hui , Chen Shui-bian and Ma Ying-jeou , Turing Award laureate Andrew Yao , and Nobel Prize in Chemistry laureate Yuan T. Lee . NTU is affiliated with National Taiwan Normal University and National Taiwan University of Science and Technology as part of the NTU System . In 2016 , there were 16,499 undergraduate and 15,284 graduate students .'}]}, {'value': 'ROC ( Taiwan )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taiwan', 'summary': "Taiwan ( Chinese : 臺灣 ; pinyin : Táiwān ) , [ II ] officially the Republic of China ( ROC ) , [ I ] is a state in East Asia . Neighbouring states include the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) to the north-west , Japan to the north-east , and the Philippines to the south . The island of Taiwan has an area of 35,808 square kilometres ( 13,826 sq mi ) , with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third , where its highly urbanised population is concentrated . Taipei is the capital and largest metropolitan area . Other major cities include Kaohsiung , Taichung , Tainan and Taoyuan . With 23.7 million inhabitants , Taiwan is among the most densely populated states , and is the most populous state and largest economy that is not a member of the United Nations ( UN ) . Taiwanese indigenous peoples settled the island of Taiwan around 6,000 years ago . In the 17th century , Dutch rule opened the island to mass Han immigration . After the brief Kingdom of Tungning in parts of the southern and western areas of the island , the island was annexed in 1683 by the Qing dynasty of China , and ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895 . Following the surrender of Japan in 1945 , the Republic of China , which had overthrown and succeeded the Qing in 1911 , took control of Taiwan on behalf of the World War II Allies . The resumption of the Chinese Civil War led to the loss of the mainland to the Communist Party of China and the flight of the ROC government to Taiwan in 1949 . Although the ROC government continued to claim to be the legitimate representative of China , since 1950 its effective jurisdiction has been limited to Taiwan and numerous smaller islands ."}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tsinghua University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tsinghua_University', 'summary': 'Tsinghua University ( abbreviated Tsinghua ; Chinese : 清华大学 ) is a major research university in Beijing , and a member of the C9 League of Chinese universities . Since its establishment in 1911 , it has graduated Chinese leaders in science , engineering , politics , business , academia , and culture . Reflecting its motto of Self-Discipline and Social Commitment , Tsinghua University is dedicated to academic excellence , advancing the well-being of Chinese society , and global development . Tsinghua is perennially ranked as one of the top academic institutions in China , Asia , and worldwide , and was recognized as the 16th best university in the 2020 QS World University Rankings . Since 2015 , Tsinghua has been ranked as the best engineering and computer science school in the world based on factors including total research output and performance . Tsinghua is a Class A institution in the Double First Class University Plan .'}]}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Georgia Institute of Technology', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Georgia_Institute_of_Technology', 'summary': "The Georgia Institute of Technology , commonly referred to as Georgia Tech or , in the state of Georgia , as Tech , is a public research university and institute of technology in Atlanta , Georgia . It is part of the University System of Georgia and has satellite campuses in Savannah , Georgia ; Metz , France ; Athlone , Ireland ; Shenzhen , China ; and Singapore . The school was founded in 1885 as the Georgia School of Technology as part of Reconstruction plans to build an industrial economy in the post-Civil War Southern United States . Initially , it offered only a degree in mechanical engineering . By 1901 , its curriculum had expanded to include electrical , civil , and chemical engineering . In 1948 , the school changed its name to reflect its evolution from a trade school to a larger and more capable technical institute and research university . Today , Georgia Tech is organized into six colleges and contains about 31 departments/units , with emphasis on science and technology . It is well recognized for its degree programs in engineering , computing , business administration , the sciences and design . Georgia Tech is ranked tied for 5th among all public national universities in the United States , tied for 4th in the Best Undergraduate Engineering Schools ranking , tied for 29th among all collegiate institutions in the National Universities category by U.S. News & World Report as of the 2020 rankings , and 34th among global universities in the world by Times Higher Education as of the 2019 rankings . Student athletics , both organized and intramural , are a part of student and alumni life . The school 's intercollegiate competitive sports teams , the four-time football national champion Yellow Jackets , and the nationally recognized fight song Ramblin ' Wreck from Georgia Tech , have helped keep Georgia Tech in the national spotlight . Georgia Tech fields eight men 's and seven women 's teams that compete in the NCAA Division I athletics and the Football Bowl Subdivision ."}]}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zhejiang University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zhejiang_University', 'summary': "Zhejiang University ( abbreviated ZJU ; Chinese : 浙江大学 ; pinyin : Zhèjiāng Dàxué ; also colloquially referred to as 浙大 Zhèdà ) is an elite C9 League university located in Hangzhou , the capital of Zhejiang province . Founded in 1897 , Zhejiang University is one of China 's oldest , most selective , and most prestigious institutions of higher education . The university is organized into 37 colleges , schools , and departments offering more than 140 undergraduate and 300 graduate programs . The university is also a Chinese Ministry of Education Class A Double First Class University and is an active member of the Yangtze Delta Universities Alliance , the Association of Pacific Rim Universities , the Worldwide Universities Network , the International Association of Universities , and the Global University Network for Innovation . The university possesses a faculty of more than 3,741 scholars , including 45 members from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering , 10 Liberal Arts and Humanities Senior Professors ( 文科资深教授 ) , 121 Chang Jiang Scholars Program Professors , and 133 recipients of the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars . Zhejiang University maintains 5 academic libraries . The library collection in its entirety contains more than 7.7 million volumes , making it one of China 's largest academic collections . The university also includes 7 affiliated hospitals , 1 museum , 2 international joint institutes , and boasts over 150 student organizations ."}]}, {'value': 'China', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/China', 'summary': "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ."}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stanford University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stanford_University', 'summary': "Stanford University , officially Leland Stanford Junior University , is a private research university in Stanford , California . Stanford is known for its academic achievements , wealth , close proximity to Silicon Valley , and selectivity ; it ranks as one of the world 's top universities . The university was founded in 1885 by Leland and Jane Stanford in memory of their only child , Leland Stanford Jr. , who had died of typhoid fever at age 15 the previous year . Stanford was a U.S . Senator and former Governor of California who made his fortune as a railroad tycoon . The school admitted its first students on October 1 , 1891 , as a coeducational and non-denominational institution . Stanford University struggled financially after the death of Leland Stanford in 1893 and again after much of the campus was damaged by the 1906 San Francisco earthquake . Following World War II , Provost Frederick Terman supported faculty and graduates ' entrepreneurialism to build self-sufficient local industry in what would later be known as Silicon Valley . The university is also one of the top fundraising institutions in the country , becoming the first school to raise more than a billion dollars in a year . The university is organized around three traditional schools consisting of 40 academic departments at the undergraduate and graduate level and four professional schools that focus on graduate programs in law , medicine , education , and business . Students compete in 36 varsity sports , and the university is one of two private institutions in the Division I FBS Pac-12 Conference . It has gained 126 NCAA team championships , and Stanford has won the NACDA Directors ' Cup for 24 consecutive years , beginning in 1994-1995 ."}]}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'National Cheng Kung University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Cheng_Kung_University', 'summary': 'National Cheng Kung University ( NCKU ; Chinese : 國立成功大學/成大 ; pinyin : Guólì Chénggōng Dàxué ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : Kok-li̍p Sêng-kong Tāi-ha̍k ) [ note 1 ] is a public research university located in Tainan , Taiwan . NCKU is one of the best comprehensive universities in Taiwan and a leader in promoting industry-academia cooperation . It has consistently been ranked as one of the top universities in Asia . The university is best known for engineering , computer science , medicine , and planning and design . As a top university in Taiwan , NCKU has played a vital role in creating the Taiwan Miracle by helping Taiwan to transform from an agriculture-based society to an industrialized economy during the 1960s and 1970s , and further becoming one of the Four Asian Tigers . To this day , NCKU has many successful alumni in various industries in Taiwan . According to LinkedIn data , many of its graduates work in companies including TSMC , MediaTek , UMC , Applied Materials , and more . NCKU has been taking the top spot at the Global Views Monthly ( 遠見雜誌 ) Taiwan Graduate Employability Rankings for 5 consecutive years . In 2005 , NCKU was chosen by the Ministry of Education ( Taiwan ) as one of the seven universities in Taiwan for the Aim for the Top University Project ( 邁向頂尖大學計畫 ) , which is similar to Top Global University Project in Japan and Universities of Excellence in Germany . Starting from 2006 , because of its excellent academic performance and research potential , the Ministry of Education ( Taiwan ) has offered NCKU NT $ 1.7 billion annually for five consecutive years , which is the second highest amount received among the universities in the project . NCKU is a founding member of Taiwan Comprehensive University System , a strategic alliance of four leading research universities in the Southern Taiwan . The university is also a member of AACSB and IEET , and the only member from Taiwan in the Worldwide Universities Network .'}]}, {'value': 'ROC ( Taiwan )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taiwan', 'summary': "Taiwan ( Chinese : 臺灣 ; pinyin : Táiwān ) , [ II ] officially the Republic of China ( ROC ) , [ I ] is a state in East Asia . Neighbouring states include the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) to the north-west , Japan to the north-east , and the Philippines to the south . The island of Taiwan has an area of 35,808 square kilometres ( 13,826 sq mi ) , with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third , where its highly urbanised population is concentrated . Taipei is the capital and largest metropolitan area . Other major cities include Kaohsiung , Taichung , Tainan and Taoyuan . With 23.7 million inhabitants , Taiwan is among the most densely populated states , and is the most populous state and largest economy that is not a member of the United Nations ( UN ) . Taiwanese indigenous peoples settled the island of Taiwan around 6,000 years ago . In the 17th century , Dutch rule opened the island to mass Han immigration . After the brief Kingdom of Tungning in parts of the southern and western areas of the island , the island was annexed in 1683 by the Qing dynasty of China , and ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895 . Following the surrender of Japan in 1945 , the Republic of China , which had overthrown and succeeded the Qing in 1911 , took control of Taiwan on behalf of the World War II Allies . The resumption of the Chinese Civil War led to the loss of the mainland to the Communist Party of China and the flight of the ROC government to Taiwan in 1949 . Although the ROC government continued to claim to be the legitimate representative of China , since 1950 its effective jurisdiction has been limited to Taiwan and numerous smaller islands ."}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Texas A & M University- College Station', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_A&M_University', 'summary': "Texas A & M University ( Texas A & M or A & M ) is a public research university founded in 1876 and located in College Station , Texas . In 1948 , Texas A & M University became the founding member of the Texas A & M University System . As of 2017 [ update ] , Texas A & M 's student body is the largest in Texas and one of the largest in the United States . Texas A & M 's designation as a land , sea , and space grant institution - the only university in Texas to hold all three designations - reflects a range of research with ongoing projects funded by organizations such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) , the National Institutes of Health , the National Science Foundation , and the Office of Naval Research . In 2001 , Texas A & M was inducted as a member of the Association of American Universities . The school 's students , alumni - over 500,000 strong - and sports teams are known as Aggies . The Texas A & M Aggies athletes compete in 18 varsity sports as a member of the Southeastern Conference . The first public institution of higher education in Texas , the school opened on October 4 , 1876 , as the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas under the provisions of the Morrill Land-Grant Acts . Originally , the college taught no classes in agriculture , instead concentrating on classical studies , languages , literature , and applied mathematics . After four years , students could attain degrees in scientific agriculture , civil and mechanical engineering , and language and literature . Under the leadership of President James Earl Rudder in the 1960s , A.M.C . desegregated , became coeducational , and dropped the requirement for participation in the Corps of Cadets ."}]}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pennsylvania State University- University Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Pennsylvania_State_University', 'summary': "The Pennsylvania State University ( Penn State or PSU ) is a state-related , land-grant , doctoral university with campuses and facilities throughout Pennsylvania . Founded in 1855 as the Farmers ' High School of Pennsylvania , Penn State conducts teaching , research , and public service . Its instructional mission includes undergraduate , graduate , professional and continuing education offered through resident instruction and online delivery . Its University Park campus , the flagship campus , lies within the Borough of State College and College Township . It has two law schools : Penn State Law , on the school 's University Park campus , and Dickinson Law , located in Carlisle , 90 miles south of State College . The College of Medicine is located in Hershey . Penn State has another 19 commonwealth campuses and 5 special mission campuses located across the state . Penn State has been labeled one of the Public Ivies , a publicly funded university considered as providing a quality of education comparable to those of the Ivy League . Annual enrollment at the University Park campus totals more than 46,800 graduate and undergraduate students , making it one of the largest universities in the United States . It has the world 's largest dues-paying alumni association . The university 's total enrollment in 2015-16 was approximately 97,500 across its 24 campuses and online through its World Campus . The university offers more than 160 majors among all its campuses ."}]}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Waterloo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Waterloo', 'summary': "The University of Waterloo ( commonly referred to as Waterloo , UW , or UWaterloo ) is a public research university with a main campus in Waterloo , Ontario , Canada . The main campus is on 404 hectares ( 998 acres ) of land adjacent to Uptown Waterloo and Waterloo Park . The university offers academic programs administered by six faculties and thirteen faculty-based schools . The university also operates three satellite campuses and four affiliated university colleges . Waterloo is a member of the U15 , a group of research-intensive universities in Canada . The University of Waterloo is most famous for its co-operative education ( co-op ) programs , which allow the students to integrate their education with applicable work experiences . The university operates the largest post-secondary co-operative education program in the world , with over 20,000 undergraduate students in over 140 co-operative education programs . The institution was established on 4 April 1956 as the Waterloo College Associate Faculties , a semi-autonomous entity of Waterloo College , then an affiliate of the University of Western Ontario . This entity formally separated from Waterloo College and was incorporated as a university with the passage of the University of Waterloo Act by the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 1959 . It was established to fill the need to train engineers and technicians for Canada 's growing postwar economy . It grew substantially over the next decade , adding a faculty of arts in 1960 , and the College of Optometry of Ontario ( now the School of Optometry and Vision Science ) , which moved from Toronto in 1967 . The university is co-educational , and as of 2016 had 30,600 undergraduate and 5,300 postgraduate students ."}]}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada', 'summary': "Canada is a country in the northern part of North America . Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean , covering 9.98 million square kilometres ( 3.85 million square miles ) , making it the world 's second-largest country by total area . Its southern border with the United States , stretching some 8,891 kilometres ( 5,525 mi ) , is the world 's longest bi-national land border . Canada 's capital is Ottawa , and its three largest metropolitan areas are Toronto , Montreal , and Vancouver . As a whole , Canada is sparsely populated , with most of its land area dominated by forest and tundra . Its population is highly urbanized , with over 80 percent of its inhabitants concentrated in large and medium-sized cities , and 70 percent residing within 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) of the southern border . Canada 's climate varies widely across its vast area , ranging from Arctic climate in the north to hot summers in the southern regions , with four distinct seasons . Various indigenous peoples inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years before European colonization . Beginning in the 16th century , British and French expeditions explored and later settled along the Atlantic coast . As a consequence of various armed conflicts , France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America in 1763 . In 1867 , with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation , Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces . This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom ."}]}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arizona State University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona_State_University', 'summary': "Arizona State University ( commonly referred to as ASU or Arizona State ) is a public metropolitan research university on five campuses across the Phoenix metropolitan area , and four regional learning centers throughout Arizona . ASU is one of the largest public universities by enrollment in the U.S. As of fall 2019 , the university had nearly 90,000 students attending classes across its metro campuses , more than 38,000 students attending online , including 83,000-plus undergraduates and more nearly 20,000 postgraduates . The university is organized into 17 colleges , featuring more than 170 cross-discipline centers and institutes . ASU offers 350 degree options for undergraduates students , as well as more than 400 graduate degree and certificate programs . ASU has nearly 600 ASU scholar-athletes across 26 varsity-level sports . The Arizona State Sun Devils compete in the Pac-12 Conference and have won 59 Pac-10/Pac-12 championships dating back to 1979 , and have captured 24 NCAA championships dating to its first ( baseball ) title in 1965 . In addition to its athletic program , the university is home to over 1,100 registered student organizations . ASU 's charter , approved by the board of regents in 2014 , is based on the New American University model created by ASU President Michael M. Crow upon his appointment as the institution 's 16th president in 2002 . It defines ASU as a comprehensive public research university , measured not by whom it excludes , but rather by whom it includes and how they succeed ; advancing research and discovery of public value ; and assuming fundamental responsibility for the economic , social , cultural and overall health of the communities it serves . Since 2005 , ASU has been ranked among the top research universities in the U.S. , public and private , based on research output , innovation , development , research expenditures , number of awarded patents and awarded research grant proposals . The 2019 university ratings by U.S. News & World Report rank ASU No . 1 among the Most Innovative Schools in America for the fourth year in a row ."}]}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The University of Texas- Austin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_University_of_Texas_at_Austin', 'summary': "The University of Texas at Austin ( UT Austin ) is a public research university in Austin , Texas . It was founded in 1883 and is the flagship institution of the University of Texas System . The University of Texas was inducted into the Association of American Universities in 1929 , becoming only the third university in the American South to be elected . The institution has the nation 's eighth-largest single-campus enrollment , with over 50,000 undergraduate and graduate students and over 24,000 faculty and staff . A Public Ivy , it is a major center for academic research , with research expenditures exceeding $ 615 million for the 2016-2017 school year . The university houses seven museums and seventeen libraries , including the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum and the Blanton Museum of Art , and operates various auxiliary research facilities , such as the J. J. Pickle Research Campus and the McDonald Observatory . Among university faculty are recipients of the Nobel Prize , the Pulitzer Prize , the Wolf Prize , the Primetime Emmy Award , the Abel Prize , the Turing Award , and the National Medal of Science , as well as many other awards . As of October 2019 , 12 Nobel Prize winners , two Turing Award winners and two Fields medalists have been affiliated with the school as alumni , faculty members or researchers . Student athletes compete as the Texas Longhorns and are members of the Big 12 Conference . Its Longhorn Network is the only sports network featuring the college sports of a single university . The Longhorns have won four NCAA Division I National Football Championships , six NCAA Division I National Baseball Championships , thirteen NCAA Division I National Men 's Swimming and Diving Championships , and has claimed more titles in men 's and women 's sports than any other school in the Big 12 since the league was founded in 1996 ."}]}, {'value': 'US', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/US', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}], 'section_title': 'HEEACT World University Rankings ( Top 20 by subject ) -- Civil Engineering ( including Environmental Engineering )', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Performance_Ranking_of_Scientific_Papers_for_World_Universities_13', 'intro': 'The Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities or NTU Ranking is a ranking system of world universities by scientific paper volume, impact, and performance output. The ranking was originally published from 2007-2011 by the Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan (HEEACT) and has been published since 2012 by the National Taiwan University. It uses bibliometric methods to analyze and rank the scientific paper performance. In addition to the overall ranking, it includes a list of the top universities in six fields and fourteen subjects. The rankings were introduced in 2007. The original ranking methodology favored toward universities with medical schools. In 2008, HEEACT began publishing a Field Based Ranking including six fields: agriculture and environmental sciences (AGE), clinical medicine (MED), engineering, computing, and technology (ENG), life sciences (LIFE), natural sciences (SCI), and social sciences (SOC). In 2010, HEEACT began publishing subject rankings in fields of various field of science and technology. Science fields are divided into physics, chemistry, mathematics, and geosciences. Technology fields are split up into electrical engineering, computer science, mechanical engineering, chemical engineering (including energy and fuels), materials science, and civil engineering (including environmental engineering). HEEACT ended the Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities Project in 2012. Due to disagreement about ranking results, the Taiwanese education authorities announced that the government would no longer support the Higher Education Evaluation and Accreditation Council of Taiwan to do this ranking.'}
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How many self-governing regions are in the nation which contains Tsinghua University ?
five
04c0ce19f5162528
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sheep_breeds', 'title': 'List of sheep breeds', 'header': ['Name', 'Alternative name', 'Origin', 'Purpose'], 'data': [{'value': 'Bannur', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mandya , Bandur', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'India', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/India', 'summary': 'India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief .'}]}, {'value': 'Meat , Wool', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Balkhi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Balkhi_(sheep)', 'summary': 'The Balkhi is a domesticated breed of sheep found in Afghanistan and North-western Pakistan . This breed is of the fat-tailed mutton type . Though this breed does grow wool , it is primarily raised for meat .'}]}, {'value': '-- -', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Afghanistan , North-west Pakistan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pakistan', 'summary': "Pakistan , [ b ] officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan , [ c ] is a country in South Asia . It is the world 's sixth-most populous country with a population exceeding 207.8 million . In area , it is the 33rd-largest country , spanning 881,913 square kilometres ( 340,509 square miles ) . Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometre ( 650-mile ) coastline along the Arabian Sea and Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by India to the east , Afghanistan to the west , Iran to the southwest , and China in the northeast . It is separated narrowly from Tajikistan by Afghanistan 's Wakhan Corridor in the northwest , and also shares a maritime border with Oman . The territory that now constitutes Pakistan was the site of several ancient cultures and intertwined with the history of the broader Indian subcontinent . The ancient history involves the Neolithic site of Mehrgarh and the Bronze Age Indus Valley Civilisation , and was later home to kingdoms ruled by people of different faiths and cultures , including Hindus , Indo-Greeks , Muslims , Turco-Mongols , Afghans and Sikhs . The area has been ruled by numerous empires and dynasties , including the Persian Achaemenid Empire , Alexander III of Macedon , the Seleucid Empire , the Indian Maurya Empire , the Gupta Empire , the Arab Umayyad Caliphate , the Delhi Sultanate , the Mongol Empire , the Mughal Empire , the Afghan Durrani Empire , the Sikh Empire ( partially ) and , most recently , the British Indian Empire . Pakistan is the only country to have been created in the name of Islam . It is an ethnically and linguistically diverse country , with similarly diverse geography and wildlife . Initially a dominion , Pakistan adopted a constitution in 1956 , becoming an Islamic republic . An ethnic civil war and Indian military intervention in 1971 resulted in the secession of East Pakistan as the new country of Bangladesh ."}]}, {'value': 'Meat', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Baluchi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baluchi_(sheep)', 'summary': 'The Baluchi is a domesticated breed of sheep originating from now southwest Pakistan , eastern Iran and southern Afghanistan . It is a member of the fat-tailed breed . The Baluchi is raised primarily for wool .'}]}, {'value': 'Araghi , Baluchi dumda , Farahani , Kermani , Khorasani , Khurasani , Mengali , Naeini , Neini , Shinwari , Taraki , Yazdi', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Afghanistan , Iran , Pakistan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wool', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barbados Blackbelly sheep', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barbados_Blackbelly_sheep', 'summary': 'The Barbados Black Belly is a breed of domestic sheep from the Caribbean island of Barbados . Although it is likely the Barbados Blackbelly has African ancestry , there seems to be clear evidence that the breed , as seen today , was developed by the people on the island from sheep brought by ships fairly early in the period after Europeans first arrived . This breed is raised primarily for meat . It is widely distributed , with populations in twenty-five countries in the Americas , Asia and Europe . It is most abundant in the Caribbean region , in Mexico and in Peru . In 2015 the total world population was estimated at about 158,000 . In 2014 , the US reported 1,971 registered sheep .'}]}, {'value': '-- -', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caribbean', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caribbean', 'summary': 'The Caribbean ( /ˌkærɪˈbiːən , kəˈrɪbiən/ , locally /ˈkærɪbiæn/ ) ( Spanish : El Caribe ; French : la Caraïbe ; Haitian Creole : Karayib ; Dutch : De Caraïben ; Caribbean Hindustani : कैरेबियन / کیریبین ; Chinese : 加勒比 ) is a region of the Americas that consists of the Caribbean Sea , its islands ( some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean ) and the surrounding coasts . The region is southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and the North American mainland , east of Central America , and north of South America . Situated largely on the Caribbean Plate , the region has more than 700 islands , islets , reefs and cays ( see the list of Caribbean islands ) . Island arcs delineate the eastern and northern edges of the Caribbean Sea : The Greater Antilles and the Lucayan Archipelago on the north and the Lesser Antilles and the on the south and east ( which includes the Leeward Antilles ) . The Lucayan Archipelago ( the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos Islands ) , do not border the Caribbean Sea , but are still within the boundaries of the Caribbean region . On the mainland , Belize , Nicaragua , the Caribbean region of Colombia , Cozumel , the Yucatán Peninsula , Margarita Island , and the Guyanas ( Guyana , Suriname , French Guiana , Guayana Region in Venezuela , and Amapá in Brazil ) are often included due to their political and cultural ties with the region . Geopolitically , the islands of the Caribbean ( the West Indies ) are often regarded as a region of North America , though sometimes they are included in Central America or left as a region of their own . and are organized into 30 territories including sovereign states , overseas departments , and dependencies . From December 15 , 1954 , to October 10 , 2010 , there was a country known as the Netherlands Antilles composed of five states , all of which were Dutch dependencies . From January 3 , 1958 , to May 31 , 1962 , there was also a short-lived political union called the West Indies Federation composed of ten English-speaking Caribbean territories , all of which were then British dependencies . The West Indies cricket team continues to represent many of those nations .'}]}, {'value': 'Meat', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bardoka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bardoka', 'summary': 'The Bardoka ( Albanian : Bardhoka ) or White Metohian sheep ( Albanian : Delja e bardhë e Dukagjinit - White Sheep of the Dukagjin ) is a multi-purpose ( milk , meat , wool and research ) breed of domesticated sheep in Kosovo . It is a popular sheep in Kosovo and partially in Montenegro , Serbia and Albania . This breed appears to adaptable to all environmental conditions especially low temperatures . However , the Bardoka is sensitive to high humidity .'}]}, {'value': 'Bardhoka', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kosovo , Albania , and partially Montenegro and Serbia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kosovo', 'summary': 'Kosovo ( /ˈkɒsəvoʊ , ˈkoʊ-/ ; Albanian : Kosova pronounced [ kɔˈsɔva ] or Kosovë pronounced [ kɔˈsɔvə ] ; Serbian Cyrillic : Косово pronounced [ kôsoʋo ] ) , officially the Republic of Kosovo ( Albanian : Republika e Kosovës ; Serbian Cyrillic : Република Косово , romanized : Republika Kosovo ) , is a partially-recognized state in Southeast Europe , subject to a territorial dispute with the Republic of Serbia . Defined in an area of 10,887 square kilometres ( 4,203 sq mi ) , Kosovo is landlocked in the center of the Balkans and bordered by the uncontested territory of Serbia to the north and east , North Macedonia to the southeast , Albania to the southwest and Montenegro to the west . It possesses varied and diverse landscapes for its size by climate along with geology and hydrology . Most of central Kosovo is dominated by the vast plains and fields of Metohija and Kosovo . The Albanian Alps and Šar Mountains rise in the southwest and southeast respectively . The earliest known human settlements in what is now Kosovo were the Paleolithic Vinča and Starčevo cultures . During the Classical period , it was inhabited by the Illyrian-Dardanian and Celtic people . In 168 BC , the area was annexed by the Romans . In the Middle Ages , it was conquered by the Byzantine , Bulgarian , and Serbian Empires . The Battle of Kosovo of 1389 is considered to be one of the defining moments in Serbian medieval history . The region was the core of the Serbian medieval state , which has also been the seat of the Serbian Orthodox Church from the 14th century , when its status was upgraded to a patriarchate . Kosovo was part of the Ottoman Empire from the 15th to the early 20th century .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Albania', 'summary': 'Albania ( /ælˈbeɪniə , ɔːl-/ ( listen ) a ( w ) l-BAY-nee-ə ; Albanian : Shqipëri or Shqipëria ; Gheg Albanian : Shqipni or Shqipnia also Shqypni or Shqypnia ) , officially the Republic of Albania ( Albanian : Republika e Shqipërisë , pronounced [ ɾɛpuˈblika ɛ ʃcipəˈɾiːsə ] ) , is a country in Southeast Europe on the Adriatic and Ionian Sea within the Mediterranean Sea . It shares land borders with Montenegro to the northwest , Kosovo [ a ] to the northeast , North Macedonia to the east , Greece to the south and maritime borders with Greece , Montenegro and Italy to the west . Geographically , the country displays varied climatic , geological , hydrological and morphological conditions , defined in an area of 28,748 km2 ( 11,100 sq mi ) . It possesses remarkable diversity with the landscape ranging from the snow-capped mountains in the Albanian Alps as well as the Korab , Skanderbeg , Pindus and Ceraunian Mountains to the hot and sunny coasts of the Albanian Adriatic and Ionian Sea along the Mediterranean Sea . Historically , the country has been inhabited by numerous civilisations such as the Illyrians , Thracians , Ancient Greeks , Romans , Byzantines , Venetians and Ottomans . The Albanians established the autonomous Principality of Arbër in the 12th century . The Kingdom of Albania and Principality of Albania formed between the 13th and 14th centuries . Prior to the Ottoman conquest of Albania in the 15th century , the Albanian resistance to Ottoman expansion into Europe led by Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg won them acclaim over most of Europe . Between the 18th and 19th centuries , Albanians gathered both spiritual and intellectual strength which conclusively led to the Albanian Renaissance . After the defeat of the Ottomans in the Balkan Wars , the modern nation state of Albania declared independence in 1912 . In the 20th century , the Kingdom of Albania was invaded by Italy which formed Greater Albania before becoming a protectorate of Nazi Germany . Enver Hoxha formed Communist Albania after the Second World War and launched the Albanians on a path of oppression and decades of isolation .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Montenegro', 'summary': "Montenegro ( /ˌmɒntɪˈneɪɡroʊ , -ˈniːɡroʊ , -ˈnɛɡroʊ/ ( listen ) ; Montenegrin : Црна Гора , romanized : Crna Gora , [ tsr̩̂ːnaː ɡǒra ] ) is a country of South and Southeast Europe on the coast of the Balkans . It borders Bosnia-Herzegovina to the northwest , Serbia to the northeast , Kosovo [ a ] to the east , Albania to the southeast , the Adriatic Sea to the southwest , and Croatia to the west . Montenegro has an area of 13,812 square kilometres and a population of 620,079 ( 2011 census ) . Its capital Podgorica is one of the twenty-three municipalities in the country . Cetinje is designated as the Old Royal Capital . During the Early Medieval period , three principalities were located on the territory of modern-day Montenegro : Duklja , roughly corresponding to the southern half ; Travunia , the west ; and Rascia proper , the north . In 1042 , archon Stefan Vojislav led a revolt that resulted in the independence of Duklja from the Byzantine Empire and the establishment of the Vojislavljević dynasty . After being ruled by the Nemanjić dynasty for two centuries , the independent Principality of Zeta emerged in the 14th and 15th centuries , ruled by the House of Balšić between 1356 and 1421 , and by the House of Crnojević between 1431 and 1498 , when the name Montenegro started being used for the country . After falling under Ottoman rule , Montenegro regained de facto independence in 1697 under the rule of the House of Petrović-Njegoš , first under the theocratic rule of prince-bishops , before being transformed into a secular principality in 1852 . Montenegro 's de jure independence was recognised by the Great Powers at the Congress of Berlin in 1878 , following the Montenegrin-Ottoman War . In 1905 , the country became a kingdom . After World War I , it became part of Yugoslavia ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Serbia', 'summary': "Serbia ( Serbian : Србија , romanized : Srbija , pronounced [ sř̩bija ] ) , [ note 1 ] officially the Republic of Serbia ( Serbian : Република Србија , romanized : Republika Srbija , pronounced [ repǔblika sř̩bija ] ) , is a land-locked country situated at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe in the southern Pannonian Plain and the central Balkans . It borders Hungary to the north , Romania to the northeast , Bulgaria to the southeast , North Macedonia to the south , Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina to the west , and Montenegro to the southwest . The country claims a border with Albania through the disputed territory of Kosovo . [ a ] Serbia 's population numbers approximately seven million . Its capital , Belgrade , ranks among the largest citiеs in southeastern Europe . Inhabited since the Paleolithic Age , the territory of modern-day Serbia faced Slavic migrations to Southeastern Europe in the 6th century , establishing several regional states in the early Middle Ages at times recognised as tributaries to the Byzantine , Frankish and Hungarian kingdoms . The Serbian Kingdom obtained recognition by the Holy See and Constantinople in 1217 , reaching its territorial apex in 1346 as the relatively short-lived Serbian Empire . By the mid-16th century , the Ottomans annexed the entirety of modern-day Serbia ; their rule was at times interrupted by the Habsburg Empire , which began expanding towards Central Serbia from the end of the 17th century while maintaining a foothold in Vojvodina . In the early 19th century , the Serbian Revolution established the nation-state as the region 's first constitutional monarchy , which subsequently expanded its territory . Following disastrous casualties in World War I , and the subsequent unification of the former Habsburg crownland of Vojvodina ( and other lands ) with Serbia , the country co-founded Yugoslavia with other South Slavic peoples , which would exist in various political formations until the Yugoslav Wars of the 1990s . During the breakup of Yugoslavia , Serbia formed a union with Montenegro , which was peacefully dissolved in 2006 and restoring Serbia 's independence as a sovereign state for the first time since the late 1910s . In 2008 , the parliament of the province of Kosovo unilaterally declared independence , with mixed responses from the international community ."}]}, {'value': 'Meat , milk , research , wool', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Animal_testing', 'summary': 'Animal testing , also known as animal experimentation , animal research and in vivo testing , is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study . This approach can be contrasted with field studies in which animals are observed in their natural environments or habitats . Experimental research with animals is usually conducted in universities , medical schools , pharmaceutical companies , defense establishments and commercial facilities that provide animal-testing services to industry . The focus of animal testing varies on a continuum from pure research , focusing on developing fundamental knowledge of an organism , to applied research , which may focus on answering some question of great practical importance , such as finding a cure for a disease . Examples of applied research include testing disease treatments , breeding , defense research and toxicology , including cosmetics testing . In education , animal testing is sometimes a component of biology or psychology courses . The practice is regulated to varying degrees in different countries . It is estimated that the annual use of vertebrate animals - from zebrafish to non-human primates - ranges from tens to more than 100 million . In the European Union , vertebrate species represent 93% of animals used in research , and 11.5 million animals were used there in 2011 . By one estimate the number of mice and rats used in the United States alone in 2001 was 80 million . Mice , rats , fish , amphibians and reptiles together account for over 85% of research animals . Most animals are euthanized after being used in an experiment .'}]}, {'value': 'Basco-béarnaise', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Basco-béarnaise', 'summary': 'The Basco-béarnaise ( also known as Vasca Carranzana ) is a domesticated breed of sheep originating in the Basque country . The breed was developed from Basque and Béarnaise sheep during the 1960s to be a single-purpose milk breed .'}]}, {'value': 'Vasca Carranzana', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Milk', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beltex', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beltex_(sheep)', 'summary': "The Beltex is a breed of domestic sheep . A portmanteau of Belgian and Texel , the name reflects the breed 's origin as an offshoot of Texel sheep from Belgium . In the late 1980s , Belgian Texels were exported to the United Kingdom , and it was there that it was primarily refined into its modern form . It is primarily used in Europe as a terminal sire , meaning Beltex rams are prized for mating with ewes to produce lambs for meat ."}]}, {'value': '-- -', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': 'Meat', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bentheimer Landschaf', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bentheimer_Landschaf', 'summary': 'The Bentheimer Landschaf ( also known as Landrace of Bentheim ) is a breed of domesticated sheep found in Germany . This breed is a cross between German and Dutch heath sheep and a marsh sheep . It is primarily used for landscape preservation .'}]}, {'value': 'Landrace of Bentheim', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vegetation management', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bergamasca', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bergamasca_(sheep)', 'summary': 'The Bergamasca is a breed of domestic sheep from the mountainous part of the province of Bergamo , in Lombardy in northern Italy . It originates from the area of the Val Brembana and the Val Seriana valleys , and is particularly associated with the plateau of Clusone . By the beginning of the 20th century it had spread through much of Lombardy ; it is now raised in most parts of mainland Italy , particularly the province of Teramo in Abruzzo , where more than 80% of the registered stock are kept . The Bergamasca is also present in Brazil , Serbia and Venezuela . It is raised principally for meat , and is often used for cross-breeding with other meat breeds to improve meat yield . In Lombardy , it is traditionally raised by transhumant management : the herds spend the summers on the alpine pasture , and over-winter in the Po valley . It is one of the seventeen autochthonous Italian sheep breeds for which a genealogical herdbook is kept by the Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia , the Italian national association of sheep-breeders . In 1983 the breed was estimated to number 95,000 head , of which 7900 were registered in the herdbook . In 2013 the registered stock numbered 12,042 , of which 9833 were in the province of Teramo .'}]}, {'value': 'Bergamasker , Gigante di Bergamo , Bergamacia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Meat , milk , wool', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Berichon du Cher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Berichon_du_Cher', 'summary': "The Berichon du Cher is a domesticated breed of sheep in France . The original breed was crossed with a Merino in the late 18th century . More improvements were made in the 19th century with the introduction of the Dishley Leicester . They are used primarily as a terminal sire . From French stock imported some 40 years ago , British breeders have developed what they regard as a distinct sub-breed which they have named British Berrichon . Breed sales are held five times a year . and 17 of the top agricultural shows , including the Royal Three Counties , the Royal Bath & West , the Royal Highland and England 's biggest show , Great Yorkshire Show , hold separate classes for British Berrichons . The British breeders are mainly based in the West from Devon up to Scotland"}]}, {'value': '-- -', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Meat', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beulah Speckled Face', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beulah_Speckled_Face', 'summary': "The Beulah Speckled Face is a breed of domestic sheep originating in the United Kingdom . Having been bred in the uplands of Wales for more than a hundred years , a breed society was officially formed in 1958 . This breed is most common in Eppynt , Llanafan Fawr , Abergwesyn , and Llanwrtyd Wells , and it is little known outside Wales . The origins of the breed are unclear ; it may be a truly native breed that has been selected to suit the local environment for centuries . The breed is named for its distinctly patterned black and white face , which is free from wool . The ewes , which are naturally polled , are often crossed with lowland rams such as the Suffolk , Texel or Bluefaced Leicester to breed mules , and to produce market lambs for meat . When bred pure , the lambs do not meet today 's export demand for lean , fast-growing sheep . However , the ewes make good mothers and produce plenty of milk ."}]}, {'value': '-- -', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wales', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wales', 'summary': "Wales ( Welsh : Cymru [ ˈkəmri ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It is bordered by England to the east , the Irish Sea to the north and west , and the Bristol Channel to the south . It had a population in 2011 of 3,063,456 and has a total area of 20,779 km2 ( 8,023 sq mi ) . Wales has over 1,680 miles ( 2,700 km ) of coastline and is largely mountainous with its higher peaks in the north and central areas , including Snowdon ( Yr Wyddfa ) , its highest summit . The country lies within the north temperate zone and has a changeable , maritime climate . Welsh national identity emerged among the Britons after the Roman withdrawal from Britain in the 5th century , and Wales is regarded as one of the modern Celtic nations . Llywelyn ap Gruffudd 's death in 1282 marked the completion of Edward I of England 's conquest of Wales , though Owain Glyndŵr briefly restored independence to Wales in the early 15th century . The whole of Wales was annexed by England and incorporated within the English legal system under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 . Distinctive Welsh politics developed in the 19th century . Welsh Liberalism , exemplified in the early 20th century by Lloyd George , was displaced by the growth of socialism and the Labour Party . Welsh national feeling grew over the century ; Plaid Cymru was formed in 1925 and the Welsh Language Society in 1962 . Established under the Government of Wales Act 1998 , the National Assembly for Wales holds responsibility for a range of devolved policy matters ."}]}, {'value': 'Meat', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bibrik', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bibrik', 'summary': 'The Bibrik is a fat tailed , domesticated breed of meat sheep that is found in Baluchistan Province of Pakistan .'}]}, {'value': '-- -', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pakistan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Meat', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Biellese', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Biellese', 'summary': "The Biellese is a breed of large domestic sheep indigenous to the province of Biella , in Piedmont in north-western Italy , from which it takes its name . It may also be known as the Razza d'Ivrea , after the town of Ivrea , or as the Piemontese Alpina . The Biellese is one of the seventeen autochthonous Italian sheep breeds for which a genealogical herdbook is kept by the Associazione Nazionale della Pastorizia , the Italian national association of sheep-breeders ."}]}, {'value': 'Biellese-Bergamasca', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Meat', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bizet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bizet_(sheep)', 'summary': 'The Bizet [ bi.ze ] is a domesticated breed of sheep originating from France . It grows wool but is primarily raised for meat . In 1952 , the Bizet was introduced on the Kerguelen archipelago . It is utilized as food for the scientific station there .'}]}, {'value': '-- -', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Meat', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blackhead Persian', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blackhead_Persian_(sheep)', 'summary': 'The Blackhead Persian ( also known as Swartkoppersie ) is a fat-tailed breed of domestic sheep from Africa.The sheep is originally from Somalia ( the Somali inhabited areas of the Horn of Africa ) and a direct descendant of the Somali sheep . The breed is also a type of hair sheep , meaning they do not grow wool and tolerate heat better than wooled breeds and are raised primarily for meat . The Blackhead Persian has a white body and , as their name would suggest , an entirely black head .'}]}, {'value': 'Swartkoppersie', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Africa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Africa', 'summary': "South Africa , officially the Republic of South Africa ( RSA ) , is the southernmost country in Africa . It is bounded to the south by 2,798 kilometres ( 1,739 mi ) of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans ; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia , Botswana , and Zimbabwe ; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini ( Swaziland ) ; and it surrounds the enclaved country of Lesotho . South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 24th-largest country in the world by land area and , with over 58 million people , is also the world 's 24th-most populous nation . It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere . About 80 percent of South Africans are of Bantu ancestry , divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages , nine of which have official status . The remaining population consists of Africa 's largest communities of European , Asian ( Indian ) , and multiracial ( Coloured ) ancestry . South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures , languages , and religions . Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution 's recognition of 11 official languages , which is the fourth-highest number in the world . Two of these languages are of European origin : Afrikaans developed from Dutch and serves as the first language of most coloured and white South Africans ; English reflects the legacy of British colonialism , and is commonly used in public and commercial life , though it is fourth-ranked as a spoken first language . The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a coup d'état , and regular elections have been held for almost a century . However , the vast majority of black South Africans were not enfranchised until 1994 . During the 20th century , the black majority sought to claim more rights from the dominant white minority , with this struggle playing a large role in the country 's recent history and politics ."}]}, {'value': 'Meat', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bleu du Maine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bleu_du_Maine_(sheep)', 'summary': 'The Bleu du Maine ( also known as Blauköpfiges Fleischschaf ( German ) , Bazougers , Bluefaced Maine , Blue-headed Maine , Maine-Anjou , Maine à tête bleue , Maynne Blue ) is a breed of domestic sheep that originated in western France , in the region common to the departments of Maine-et-Loire , Mayenne and Sarthe . A large , prolific sheep , the most distinctive characteristic of the breed is its bald , gray-blue head which is polled in both sexes . More common in France and the Netherlands , it has also been exported to the U.K. , where it is sometimes used for the creation of cross-bred mules . Though this breed does grow wool , it is raised primarily for meat .'}]}, {'value': 'Blauköpfiges Fleischschaf , Bazougers , Bluefaced Maine , Blue-headed Maine , Maine-Anjou , Maine à tête bleue , Maynne Blue', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Meat', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bluefaced Leicester', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bluefaced_Leicester', 'summary': 'The Bluefaced Leicester ( BFL ) is a longwool breed of sheep which evolved from a breeding scheme of Robert Bakewell , in Dishley , Leicestershire in the eighteenth century . First known as the Dishley Leicester , and then the Hexham Leicester , because of the prevalence of the breed in Northumberland , the name Bluefaced Leicester became known at the beginning of the 20th century . In the 1970s , the Bluefaced Leicester was exported to Canada . Exported frozen semen from the United Kingdom is now used to expand the genetic diversity in Canada and the United States . This breed is raised primarily for meat , but their fleece is becoming increasingly popular for handspinning . Bluefaced Leicester sheep may also have brown on their face . The sell record has been set by a brown ram lamb selling for 23,000 guineas .'}]}, {'value': '-- -', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'Meat', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bond', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bond_(sheep)', 'summary': 'Bond sheep are an Australian sheep breed that was developed around 1909 near Lockhart , New South Wales by Thomas Bond when he mated Saxon-Peppin Merino ewes to stud Lincoln rams for primarily wool production . The resulting progeny was selected on the basis that they would be more suited to the Riverina environment . Initially these sheep were known as the Commercial Corriedale . In 1979 , the name was changed to Bond and the Bond Sheepbreeders Association was formed at Lockhart in 1984 . Bond are easy care , plain bodied sheep that produce white , long stapled , high yielding wool of about with a diameter of 22 to 28 microns with a fleece weight of about 7-8 kg ( 15-18 lb ) . Stud rams may weigh up to 150 kg ( 330 lb ) under good conditions . High lambing percentages are common . The breed is quite common in the south-east areas of Australia . Stud animals have been exported to China , New Zealand and Russia .'}]}, {'value': '-- -', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wool', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Border Leicester', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Border_Leicester_(sheep)', 'summary': 'The Border Leicester is a British breed of sheep . It is a polled , long-wool sheep and is considered a dual-purpose breed as it is reared both for meat and for wool . The sheep are large but docile . They have been exported to other sheep-producing regions , including Australia and the United States .'}]}, {'value': '-- -', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Meat', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boreray', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boreray_(sheep)', 'summary': 'The Boreray , also known as the Boreray Blackface or Hebridean Blackface , is a breed of sheep originating on the St Kilda archipelago off the west coast of Scotland and surviving as a feral animal on one of the islands , Boreray . The breed was once reared for meat and wool , but is now used mainly for conservation grazing . The Boreray is one of the Northern European short-tailed sheep group of breeds . It is one of the rarest breeds of sheep in the United Kingdom . The breed is classed as Category 3 : Vulnerable by the Rare Breeds Survival Trust , because 500-900 breeding ewes are known to exist . It had previously been the only breed classed in Category 2 : Critical but by 2017 the population had grown .'}]}, {'value': 'Boreray Blackface , Hebridean Blackface', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scotland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scotland', 'summary': 'Scotland ( Scots : Scotland , Scottish Gaelic : Alba [ ˈal̪ˠapə ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain , with a border with England to the southeast , and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west , the North Sea to the northeast , the Irish Sea to the south , and more than 790 islands , including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides . The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the European Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707 . By inheritance in 1603 , James VI , King of Scots , became king of England and Ireland , thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms . Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain . The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain , which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England . In 1801 , Great Britain entered into a political union with Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( in 1922 , the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom , leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927 ) . Within Scotland , the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles , titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland . The legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland ; Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law . The continued existence of legal , educational , religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 union with England . In 1997 , a Scottish Parliament was re-established , in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members , having authority over many areas of domestic policy . The head of the Scottish Government is the first minister of Scotland , who is supported by the deputy first minister of Scotland .'}]}, {'value': 'Meat', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Domestic sheep breeds -- B', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_sheep_breeds_1', 'intro': 'This is a list of domestic breeds of sheep. Domestic sheep (Ovis aries) are partially derived from mouflon (Ovis orientalis) stock, and have diverged sufficiently to be considered a different species.'}
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What is the breed of sheep also known as White Metohian sheep ?
Bardoka
04c16129e938c720
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fictional_universes_in_animation_and_comics', 'title': 'List of fictional universes in animation and comics', 'header': ['Universe', 'Origin / first mentioned', 'Date', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Avatar Universe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Avatar:_The_Last_Airbender', 'summary': "Avatar : The Last Airbender ( Avatar : The Legend of Aang in some regions ) is an American animated television series created by Bryan Konietzko and Michael Dante DiMartino . It aired on Nickelodeon for three seasons , from February 2005 to July 2008 . Avatar is set in an Asiatic-like world in which some people can manipulate the classical elements with psychokinetic variants of the Chinese martial arts known as bending . The series is presented in a style that combines anime with American cartoons and relies on the imagery of East/South Asian , Inuit , and New World societies . It primarily follows the protagonists , 12-year-old Aang and his friends , who must bring peace and harmony to the world by ending the Fire Nation 's war with the rest of the Four Nations . The series was commercially successful and was acclaimed by audiences and critics , who praised its art direction , humor , cultural references , characters , and themes . The first season 's success prompted Nickelodeon to order a second and third season . It was nominated for - and won - five Annie Awards , a Genesis Award , a Primetime Emmy Award , and a Peabody Award . As of February 2020 [ update ] , Avatar has a critics score of 100% on Rotten Tomatoes . Avatar is continued by a comics series published since 2005 , set during and after the events of the TV series . An art book was published in June 2010 . The series inspired a critically panned but financially successful live-action film , The Last Airbender ( 2010 ) , which was directed by M. Night Shyamalan and is considered one of the worst movies ever made ."}]}, {'value': 'The Boy in the Iceberg ( Avatar : The Last Airbender )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Four Nations ( Air Nomads , Earth Kingdom , Fire Nation , Water Tribes ) ( The Last Airbender ) Four Nations and Sovereign state ( Air Nomads , Earth Kingdom , Fire Nation , Water Tribes and the United Republic of Nations ) ( The Legend of Korra )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ben 10 Universe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ben_10', 'summary': "Ben 10 is an American franchise and television series created by Man of Action Studios and produced by Cartoon Network Studios . The franchise revolves around a boy named Ben Tennyson who acquires a watch-style alien device , the Omnitrix , which allows him to transform into ten different alien creatures . The Ben 10 franchise has received widespread critical acclaim , winning three Emmy Awards . The franchise consists primarily of five television series and four films , the latter of which aired between August 2007 and March 2012 . Spanning thirteen years , it is Cartoon Network 's longest-running franchise to date . There is also a Ben 10 toy line manufactured by Bandai for the first 4 shows and Playmates Toys for the reboot . Worldwide , the franchise has grossed over $ 6 billion in retail sales ."}]}, {'value': 'And Then There Were Ten ( Ben 10 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': "While Earth 's history is not radically changed , numerous alien species exist across varying planets in the Milky , and a brilliant alien scientist named Azmuth created a device called the Omnitrix that would allow one to turn into numerous sentient species . However , Earth was eventually revealed to also have numerous cryptids ( chupacabra , yeti , etc . ) and the events of the series take place parallel to The Secret Saturdays", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cryptids', 'summary': 'This is a list of cryptids , which are animals presumed by followers of the cryptozoology pseudoscientific subculture to exist on the basis of anecdotal or other evidence considered insufficient by mainstream science . While biologists regularly identify new species following established scientific methodology , cryptozoologists focus on entities mentioned in the folklore record and rumour . Entities that may be considered cryptids by cryptozoologists include Bigfoot , Yeti , the chupacabra , the Jersey Devil , the Loch Ness Monster , or Mokele-mbembe . Related pseudosciences include young Earth creationism , ghost hunting , and ufology . Some dictionaries and encyclopedias define the term cryptid as an animal whose existence is unsubstantiated .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Chupacabra', 'summary': "The chupacabra or chupacabras ( Spanish pronunciation : [ tʃupaˈkaβɾas ] , literally goat-sucker ; from chupar , to suck , and cabra , goat ) is a legendary creature in the folklore of parts of the Americas , with its first purported sightings reported in Puerto Rico . The name comes from the animal 's reported habit of attacking and drinking the blood of livestock , including goats . Physical descriptions of the creature vary . It is purportedly a heavy creature , the size of a small bear , with a row of spines reaching from the neck to the base of the tail . Eyewitness sightings have been claimed in Puerto Rico , and have since been reported as far north as Maine , and as far south as Chile , and even being spotted outside the Americas in countries like Russia and the Philippines , but many of the reports have been disregarded as uncorroborated or lacking evidence . Sightings in northern Mexico and the southern United States have been verified as canids afflicted by mange . According to biologists and wildlife management officials , the chupacabra is an urban legend ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Yeti', 'summary': 'The Yeti ( /ˈjɛti/ ) or Abominable Snowman is a folkloric ape-like creature taller than an average human , that is said to inhabit the Himalayan mountains . The names Yeti and Meh-Teh are commonly used by the people indigenous to the region , and are part of their history and mythology . Stories of the Yeti first emerged as a facet of Western popular culture in the 19th century . The scientific community has generally regarded the Yeti as a legend , given the lack of evidence of its existence .'}, {'url': '/wiki/The_Secret_Saturdays', 'summary': "The Secret Saturdays is an American animated television series created by Canadian cartoonist Jay Stephens for Cartoon Network . It debuted on October 3 , 2008 , in the United States . The series follows the adventures of the Saturdays , a family of cryptozoologists that work to keep the truth about cryptids from getting out , to protect both the human race and the creatures themselves . The Saturdays travel the Earth searching for cryptids to study and battling twisted villains like the megalomaniac V.V . Argost . The series is influenced by 1960s-era Hanna-Barbera action series and is combined with Jay Stephens ' own personal interest in cryptozoology . The show finished its run on January 30 , 2010 , but aired reruns on Boomerang from December 5 , 2011 to June 1 , 2014 . The Saturdays appear in the Ben 10 : Omniverse episode T.G.I.S . teaming up with Ben Tennyson and Rook Blonko in stopping the villain Dr. Animo who has revived the Saturdays ' archenemy V.V . Argost . The episode confirms The Secret Saturdays and Ben 10 share the same reality ."}]}, {'value': 'Code Geass universe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Code_Geass', 'summary': "Code Geass : Lelouch of the Rebellion ( コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュ , Kōdo Giasu : Hangyaku no Rurūshu ) , often referred to simply as Code Geass , is a Japanese anime series produced by Sunrise . It was directed by Gorō Taniguchi and written by Ichirō Ōkouchi , with original character designs by Clamp . Set in an alternate timeline , the series follows the exiled prince Lelouch vi Britannia , who obtains the power of absolute obedience from a mysterious woman named C.C . Using this supernatural power , known as Geass , he leads a rebellion against the rule of the Holy Britannian Empire , commanding a series of mecha battles . Code Geass was broadcast in Japan on MBS from October 6 , 2006 to July 29 , 2007 . Its sequel series , Code Geass : Lelouch of the Rebellion R2 ( コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュR2 , Kōdo Giasu Hangyaku no Rurūshu Āru Tsū ) , ran as a simulcast on MBS and TBS from April 6 , 2008 to September 28 , 2008 . The series has also been adapted into various manga and light novels with the former showing various alternate scenarios from the TV series . Bandai Entertainment also licensed most parts from the franchise for English release in December 2007 , airing the two TV series on Adult Swim . Most manga and light novels have also been published in North America by Bandai . A compilation film trilogy that recapped the events from both seasons of the anime series , with altered storylines for various characters , was released in 2017 and 2018 . A new film , titled Code Geass : Lelouch of the Re ; surrection ( コードギアス 復活のルルーシュ , Kōdo Giasu : Fukkatsu no Rurūshu ) , taking place after the Zero Requiem of the recap films ' universe , was released in theaters on February 9 , 2019 . The anime television series has been well received in Japan , selling over a million DVD and Blu-ray Disc volumes ."}]}, {'value': 'Code Geass', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Code_Geass', 'summary': "Code Geass : Lelouch of the Rebellion ( コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュ , Kōdo Giasu : Hangyaku no Rurūshu ) , often referred to simply as Code Geass , is a Japanese anime series produced by Sunrise . It was directed by Gorō Taniguchi and written by Ichirō Ōkouchi , with original character designs by Clamp . Set in an alternate timeline , the series follows the exiled prince Lelouch vi Britannia , who obtains the power of absolute obedience from a mysterious woman named C.C . Using this supernatural power , known as Geass , he leads a rebellion against the rule of the Holy Britannian Empire , commanding a series of mecha battles . Code Geass was broadcast in Japan on MBS from October 6 , 2006 to July 29 , 2007 . Its sequel series , Code Geass : Lelouch of the Rebellion R2 ( コードギアス 反逆のルルーシュR2 , Kōdo Giasu Hangyaku no Rurūshu Āru Tsū ) , ran as a simulcast on MBS and TBS from April 6 , 2008 to September 28 , 2008 . The series has also been adapted into various manga and light novels with the former showing various alternate scenarios from the TV series . Bandai Entertainment also licensed most parts from the franchise for English release in December 2007 , airing the two TV series on Adult Swim . Most manga and light novels have also been published in North America by Bandai . A compilation film trilogy that recapped the events from both seasons of the anime series , with altered storylines for various characters , was released in 2017 and 2018 . A new film , titled Code Geass : Lelouch of the Re ; surrection ( コードギアス 復活のルルーシュ , Kōdo Giasu : Fukkatsu no Rurūshu ) , taking place after the Zero Requiem of the recap films ' universe , was released in theaters on February 9 , 2019 . The anime television series has been well received in Japan , selling over a million DVD and Blu-ray Disc volumes ."}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Set in an alternate timeline', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alternate_timeline', 'summary': 'Alternate history or alternative history ( Commonwealth English ) ( AH ) is a genre of speculative fiction consisting of stories in which one or more historical events occur differently . These stories usually contain what if scenarios at crucial points in history and present outcomes other than those in the historical record . The stories are conjectural but are sometimes based on fact . Alternate history has been seen as a subgenre of literary fiction , science fiction , or historical fiction ; alternate history works may use tropes from any or all of these genres . Another term occasionally used for the genre is allohistory ( literally other history ) . Since the 1950s , this type of fiction has , to a large extent , merged with science fiction tropes involving time travel between alternate histories , psychic awareness of the existence of one universe by the people in another , or time travel that results in history splitting into two or more timelines . Cross-time , time-splitting , and alternate history themes have become so closely interwoven that it is impossible to discuss them fully apart from one another . In Spanish , French , German , Portuguese , Italian , Catalan and Galician , the genre of alternate history is called uchronie / ucronia / ucronía / Uchronie , which has given rise to the term Uchronia in English . This neologism is based on the prefix ου- ( which in Ancient Greek means not/not any/no ) and the Greek χρόνος ( chronos ) , meaning time . A uchronia means literally ( in ) no time . This term apparently also inspired the name of the alternate history book list , uchronia.net .'}]}, {'value': 'The Dark Knight Returns', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Dark_Knight_Returns', 'summary': 'The Dark Knight Returns ( alternatively titled Batman : The Dark Knight Returns ) is a 1986 four-issue comic book miniseries starring Batman , written by Frank Miller , illustrated by Miller and Klaus Janson , and published by DC Comics . When originally published , the series was simply titled Batman : The Dark Knight , with a different subtitle for each issue ( The Dark Knight Returns , The Dark Knight Triumphant , Hunt the Dark Knight , and The Dark Knight Falls ) , but when the series was collected into a single volume later that year , the title of the first issue was applied to the entire series , and has remained so ever since . The Dark Knight Returns tells an alternative story of Bruce Wayne , who at 55 years old returns from retirement to fight crime and faces opposition from the Gotham City police force and the United States government . The story introduces Carrie Kelley as the new Robin and the hyper-violent street gang known as the Mutants . The story also features the return of classic foes such as Two-Face and The Joker , and culminates with a confrontation against Superman , who works on behalf of the government . In the pre-Flashpoint DC Multiverse , the events of The Dark Knight Returns and its associated titles were designated to occur on Earth-31 .'}]}, {'value': 'Batman : Year One', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Batman:_Year_One_(film)', 'summary': 'Batman : Year One is a 2011 animated superhero film , based on the four-issue story arc of the same name printed in 1987 . It premiered at Comic-Con on July 22 and was officially released October 18 , 2011 . The film was directed by Lauren Montgomery and Sam Liu . It is the 12th film released under the DC Universe Animated Original Movies banner , and was released on DVD , Blu-ray , and digital copy .'}]}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Continuity based on Frank Miller 's The Dark Knight Returns", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frank_Miller_(comics)', 'summary': "Frank Miller ( born January 27 , 1957 ) is an American comic book writer , penciller and inker , novelist , screenwriter , film director , and producer best known for his comic book stories and graphic novels such as Ronin , Daredevil : Born Again , The Dark Knight Returns , Batman : Year One , Sin City , and 300 . He also directed the film version of The Spirit , shared directing duties with Robert Rodriguez on Sin City and Sin City : A Dame to Kill For , and produced the film 300 . His film Sin City earned a Palme d'Or nomination , and he has received every major comic book industry award . In 2015 , Miller was inducted into the Will Eisner Award Hall of Fame . He created the comic book characters Elektra for Marvel Comics ' Daredevil series and a female version of the Robin character , Carrie Kelley , for DC Comics . Miller is noted for combining film noir and manga influences in his comic art creations . I realized when I started Sin City that I found American and English comics be too wordy , too constipated , and Japanese comics to be too empty . So I was attempting to do a hybrid ."}, {'url': '/wiki/The_Dark_Knight_Returns', 'summary': 'The Dark Knight Returns ( alternatively titled Batman : The Dark Knight Returns ) is a 1986 four-issue comic book miniseries starring Batman , written by Frank Miller , illustrated by Miller and Klaus Janson , and published by DC Comics . When originally published , the series was simply titled Batman : The Dark Knight , with a different subtitle for each issue ( The Dark Knight Returns , The Dark Knight Triumphant , Hunt the Dark Knight , and The Dark Knight Falls ) , but when the series was collected into a single volume later that year , the title of the first issue was applied to the entire series , and has remained so ever since . The Dark Knight Returns tells an alternative story of Bruce Wayne , who at 55 years old returns from retirement to fight crime and faces opposition from the Gotham City police force and the United States government . The story introduces Carrie Kelley as the new Robin and the hyper-violent street gang known as the Mutants . The story also features the return of classic foes such as Two-Face and The Joker , and culminates with a confrontation against Superman , who works on behalf of the government . In the pre-Flashpoint DC Multiverse , the events of The Dark Knight Returns and its associated titles were designated to occur on Earth-31 .'}]}, {'value': 'DC Animated Universe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DC_Animated_Universe', 'summary': 'The DC Animated Universe ( DCAU ; also referred to as the Timmverse or Diniverse by fans ) is the shared universe centered on a group of animated television series based on DC Comics , produced by Warner Bros . Animation from the early 1990s to mid-2000s ; beginning with Batman : The Animated Series in 1992 , and ending with Justice League Unlimited in 2006 . Some parts of the associated media franchise including direct-to-video feature films and shorts , comic books , video games and other multimedia adaptations are also included in the continuity .'}]}, {'value': 'Batman : The Animated Series', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Batman:_The_Animated_Series', 'summary': "Batman : The Animated Series is an American superhero animated television series based on the DC Comics superhero Batman . Developed by Bruce Timm , Paul Dini , and Mitch Brian , and produced by Warner Bros . Animation , it originally aired on Fox Kids from September 5 , 1992 , to September 15 , 1995 , with a total of 85 episodes . For the final fifteen episodes , the series was given the on-screen title The Adventures of Batman & Robin , which was also used for reruns of earlier episodes . The series became the first in the continuity of the shared DC animated universe ; spawning further animated TV series , feature films , comic books and video games with most of the same creative talent . The series was praised for its thematic complexity , film noir aesthetics , darker tone , artistic presentation , and modernization of its title character 's crime-fighting origins . IGN.com listed Batman : The Animated Series as the best adaptation of Batman anywhere outside of comics , the best comic book television show of all time and the second-best animated series of all time ( after The Simpsons ) . Wizard magazine also ranked it # 2 of the greatest animated television shows of all time ( again after The Simpsons ) . TV Guide ranked it the seventh-greatest cartoon of all time . The widespread acclaim led the series to win four Emmy Awards , including Outstanding Animated Program ."}]}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Refers to a series of popular animated television series and related spin-offs produced by Warner Bros . Animation which share the same continuity . Sometimes referred to as the Diniverse or Timmverse after its two most notable contributors , Paul Dini and Bruce Timm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DC_Animated_Universe', 'summary': 'The DC Animated Universe ( DCAU ; also referred to as the Timmverse or Diniverse by fans ) is the shared universe centered on a group of animated television series based on DC Comics , produced by Warner Bros . Animation from the early 1990s to mid-2000s ; beginning with Batman : The Animated Series in 1992 , and ending with Justice League Unlimited in 2006 . Some parts of the associated media franchise including direct-to-video feature films and shorts , comic books , video games and other multimedia adaptations are also included in the continuity .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Warner_Bros._Animation', 'summary': 'Warner Bros . Animation is the animation division of Warner Bros. Television . The studio is closely associated with the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies characters , among others . The studio is the successor to Warner Bros. Cartoons , the studio which produced Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies cartoon shorts from 1933 to 1963 , and from 1967 to 1969 . Warner reestablished its animation division in 1980 to produce Looney Tunes-related works . In recent years , Warner Bros . Animation has focused primarily on producing television and direct-to-video animation featuring characters created by other properties owned by Warner Bros. , including DC Comics , the original Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon studio ( through Turner Entertainment Co. ) and Hanna-Barbera Productions .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Shared_universe', 'summary': 'A shared universe or shared world is a set of creative works where more than one writer ( or other artist ) independently contributes a work that can stand alone but fits into the joint development of the storyline , characters , or world of the overall project . It is common in genres like science fiction . It differs from collaborative writing in which multiple artists are working together on the same work and from crossovers where the works and characters are independent except for a single meeting . The term shared universe is also used within comics to reflect the overall milieu created by the comic book publisher in which characters , events , and premises from one product line appear in other product lines in a media franchise . A specific kind of shared universe that is published across a variety of media ( e.g . novels , films , role-playing games , etc . ) , each of them contributing to the growth , history , and status of the setting is called an imaginary entertainment environment . The term has also been used in a wider , non-literary sense to convey interdisciplinary or social commonality , often in the context of a shared universe of discourse .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Paul_Dini', 'summary': 'Paul Dini ( /ˈdiːni/ ; born August 7 , 1957 ) is an American animator and comic creator . He is best known as a producer and writer for several Warner Bros. Animation/DC Comics animated series , including Tiny Toon Adventures , Batman : The Animated Series , Superman : The Animated Series , The New Batman/Superman Adventures , Batman Beyond , and Duck Dodgers . He developed and scripted Krypto the Superdog and contributed scripts to The Transformers , Animaniacs , Freakazoid , and Static Shock . After leaving Warner Bros . Animation in early 2004 , Dini went on to write and story edit the popular ABC adventure series Lost . He has written a number of comic books for DC Comics , including Harley Quinn and Superman : Peace on Earth . October 2010 saw the debut of Tower Prep , a new live action/drama series Dini created for Cartoon Network . It was announced that after two decades of doing DC-related animated projects , Paul Dini had gone over to Marvel to serve as a writer and producer for Ultimate Spider-Man and Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Bruce_Timm', 'summary': 'Bruce Walter Timm ( born February 5 , 1961 ) is an American artist , character designer , animator , writer , producer , and actor . He is best known for his contributions building the modern DC Comics animated franchise , the DC animated universe .'}]}, {'value': 'DC Animated Movie Universe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DC_Animated_Movie_Universe', 'summary': 'DC Animated Movie Universe ( DCAMU ) is an American media franchise and shared universe centered on a series of superhero films , produced by Warner Bros . Animation and DC Entertainment and distributed by Warner Home Video . The films are part of the DC Universe Animated Original Movies line , based on the comic books published by DC Comics , and feature plot elements inspired by The New 52 continuity . The continuity , established by crossing over common plot elements , settings , cast , and characters , was introduced in Justice League : The Flashpoint Paradox , which was released in 2013 . Sequels to The Flashpoint Paradox , Son of Batman , and Justice League Dark co-exist with this continuity . As of 2019 , fourteen films have been distributed .'}]}, {'value': 'Justice League : The Flashpoint Paradox', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Justice_League:_The_Flashpoint_Paradox', 'summary': 'Justice League : The Flashpoint Paradox is a direct-to-video animated film adaptation of the 2011 comic book crossover Flashpoint by Geoff Johns and Andy Kubert . It is scripted by Jim Krieg and directed by Jay Oliva . The film stars Justin Chambers as Barry Allen / Flash , C. Thomas Howell as Eobard Thawne / Professor Zoom , Michael B. Jordan as Victor Stone / Cyborg , and Kevin McKidd as Thomas Wayne / Batman . The film also sees actors reprising roles from other DC Animated properties , including Kevin Conroy as Bruce Wayne / Batman , Nathan Fillion as Hal Jordan / Green Lantern , Ron Perlman as Deathstroke , Dana Delany as Lois Lane , Vanessa Marshall as Princess Diana / Wonder Woman and Dee Bradley Baker as Etrigan . It is the 17th film in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies series and launches a new shared continuity , the DC Animated Movie Universe . It was released on July 30 , 2013 , then re-released on September 10 , 2013 , as a 2-disc special edition .'}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Animated films based on The New 52 continuity', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Disney 's CGI Animated Musical Universe", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tangled', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tangled_(2010_film)', 'summary': "Tangled is a 2010 American 3D computer-animated musical adventure film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . Loosely based on the German fairy tale Rapunzel in the collection of folk tales published by the Brothers Grimm , it is the 50th Disney animated feature film . Featuring the voices of Mandy Moore , Zachary Levi and Donna Murphy , the film tells the story of a lost , young princess with magical long blonde hair who yearns to leave her secluded tower . Against her mother 's wishes , she accepts the aid of an intruder to take her out into the world which she has never seen . Before the film 's release , its title was changed from Rapunzel to Tangled , reportedly to market the film gender-neutrally . Tangled spent six years in production at a cost that has been estimated at $ 260 million , which , if accurate , would make it the most expensive animated film ever made and one of the most expensive films of all time . The film employed a unique artistic style by blending together features of computer-generated imagery ( CGI ) and traditional animation while using non-photorealistic rendering to create the impression of a painting . Composer Alan Menken , who had worked on prior Disney animated features , returned to score Tangled . Tangled premiered at the El Capitan Theatre on November 14 , 2010 , and went into general release on November 24 . The film earned $ 591 million in worldwide box office revenue , $ 200 million of which was earned in the United States and Canada . The film was nominated for a number of awards , including Best Original Song at the 83rd Academy Awards . The film was released on Blu-ray and DVD on March 29 , 2011 ; a short film , Tangled Ever After , was released later in 2012 and a television series premiered in 2017 ."}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Animated musical films produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios that includes films such as Tangled , Frozen , Moana , Tangled : Before Ever After , Frozen II , the animated shorts Tangled Ever After , Frozen Fever , Gone Fishing , Olaf 's Frozen Adventure and the TV series Tangled : The Series and Lego Frozen Northern Lights", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Walt_Disney_Animation_Studios', 'summary': "Walt Disney Animation Studios ( WDAS ) , sometimes shortened to Disney Animation , is an American animation studio that creates animated features and short films for The Walt Disney Company . Founded on October 16 , 1923 by brothers Walt Disney and Roy O. Disney , it is one of the oldest-running animation studios in the world and currently acts as a division of Walt Disney Studios , being headquartered at the Roy E. Disney Animation Building at the Walt Disney Studios lot in Burbank , California . Since its foundation , the studio has produced 58 feature films , from Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs ( 1937 ) to Frozen II ( 2019 ) , and hundreds of short films . Founded as Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio in 1923 , renamed Walt Disney Studio in 1926 and incorporated as Walt Disney Productions in 1929 , the studio was exclusively dedicated to producing short films until it expanded into feature production in 1934 , resulting in 1937 's Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs , one of the first full-length animated feature films and the first one made in the United States . In 1986 , during a large corporate restructuring , Walt Disney Productions , which had grown from a single animation studio into an international multimedia company , was renamed The Walt Disney Company and the animation studio Walt Disney Feature Animation in order to differentiate it from the other divisions . Its current name was adopted in 2007 after Pixar Animation Studios was acquired by Disney in the previous year . For much of its existence , the studio was recognized as the premier American animation studio ; it developed many of the techniques , concepts and principles that became standard practices of traditional animation . The studio also pioneered the art of storyboarding , which is now a standard technique used in both animated and live-action filmmaking . The studio 's catalog of animated features is among Disney 's most notable assets , with the stars of its animated shorts - Mickey Mouse , Minnie Mouse , Donald Duck , Daisy Duck , Goofy and Pluto - becoming recognizable figures in popular culture and mascots for The Walt Disney Company as a whole . Walt Disney Animation Studios is currently managed by Jennifer Lee ( Chief Creative Officer ) and Clark Spencer ( President ) , and continues to produce films using both traditional animation and computer-generated imagery ( CGI ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tangled', 'summary': "Tangled is a 2010 American 3D computer-animated musical adventure film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . Loosely based on the German fairy tale Rapunzel in the collection of folk tales published by the Brothers Grimm , it is the 50th Disney animated feature film . Featuring the voices of Mandy Moore , Zachary Levi and Donna Murphy , the film tells the story of a lost , young princess with magical long blonde hair who yearns to leave her secluded tower . Against her mother 's wishes , she accepts the aid of an intruder to take her out into the world which she has never seen . Before the film 's release , its title was changed from Rapunzel to Tangled , reportedly to market the film gender-neutrally . Tangled spent six years in production at a cost that has been estimated at $ 260 million , which , if accurate , would make it the most expensive animated film ever made and one of the most expensive films of all time . The film employed a unique artistic style by blending together features of computer-generated imagery ( CGI ) and traditional animation while using non-photorealistic rendering to create the impression of a painting . Composer Alan Menken , who had worked on prior Disney animated features , returned to score Tangled . Tangled premiered at the El Capitan Theatre on November 14 , 2010 , and went into general release on November 24 . The film earned $ 591 million in worldwide box office revenue , $ 200 million of which was earned in the United States and Canada . The film was nominated for a number of awards , including Best Original Song at the 83rd Academy Awards . The film was released on Blu-ray and DVD on March 29 , 2011 ; a short film , Tangled Ever After , was released later in 2012 and a television series premiered in 2017 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Frozen_(2013_film)', 'summary': "Frozen is a 2013 American 3D computer-animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The 53rd Disney animated feature film , it is inspired by Hans Christian Andersen 's fairy tale The Snow Queen . It tells the story of a fearless princess who sets off on a journey alongside a rugged iceman , his loyal reindeer , and a naive snowman to find her estranged sister , whose icy powers have inadvertently trapped their kingdom in eternal winter . Frozen underwent several story treatments before being commissioned in 2011 , with a screenplay written by Jennifer Lee , who also co-directed with Chris Buck . The film features the voices of Kristen Bell , Idina Menzel , Jonathan Groff , Josh Gad , and Santino Fontana . Christophe Beck was hired to compose the film 's orchestral score , while Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez wrote the songs . Frozen premiered at the El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood , California , on November 19 , 2013 , had a limited release on November 22 and went into general theatrical release on November 27 . It was met with praise for its visuals , screenplay , themes , music , and voice acting ; some film critics consider Frozen to be the best Disney animated feature film since the studio 's renaissance era . The film also achieved significant commercial success , earning $ 1.280 billion in worldwide box office revenue , including $ 400 million in the United States and Canada and $ 247 million in Japan . It went on to surpass Toy Story 3 ( which was also distributed by Disney ) as the highest-grossing animated film at the time as well as the highest grossing musical film before being surpassed by the remake of The Lion King in 2019 ; it also ranks as the 16th highest-grossing film of all time , the highest-grossing film of 2013 , and the third highest-grossing film in Japan . It was also the highest-earning film with a female director in terms of US earnings , until surpassed by Warner Bros. Pictures ' Wonder Woman . With over 18 million home media sales in 2014 , it entered the list of best-selling films in the United States ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Moana_(2016_film)', 'summary': "Moana ( also known as Vaiana or Oceania , in some markets ) is a 2016 American 3D computer-animated musical adventure film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . It is the 56th Disney animated feature film . Directed by Ron Clements and John Musker , co-directed by Don Hall and Chris Williams , the film introduces Auliʻi Cravalho as Moana and features the voices of Dwayne Johnson , Rachel House , Temuera Morrison , Jemaine Clement , Nicole Scherzinger , and Alan Tudyk . The film features songs written by Lin-Manuel Miranda , Opetaia Foa ' i and Mark Mancina , and an orchestral score also composed by Mancina . The film tells the story of Moana , the strong-willed daughter of a chief of a Polynesian village , who is chosen by the ocean itself to reunite a mystical relic with the goddess Te Fiti . When a blight strikes her island , Moana sets sail in search of Maui , a legendary demigod , in the hope of returning the relic to Te Fiti and saving her people . Moana was released theatrically in the United States on November 23 , 2016 to positive reviews from critics , with particular praise going towards its animation , music , and vocal performances . The film went on to gross over $ 690 million worldwide . Along with Zootopia , it marked the first time since 2002 that Walt Disney Animation Studios released two feature films in the same year . It received two Academy Award nominations at the 89th Academy Awards : one for Best Animated Feature and another for Best Original Song ( How Far I 'll Go ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tangled:_Before_Ever_After', 'summary': "Tangled : Before Ever After is a 2017 American 2D-animated musical fantasy television film produced by Disney Television Animation , that premiered on Disney Channel as a Disney Channel Original Movie . It takes place between the original Walt Disney Animation Studios film Tangled and the short Tangled Ever After , and serves as the pilot to Rapunzel 's Tangled Adventure . It was directed by Tom Caulfield and Stephen Sandoval . The film centers around Rapunzel 's adjustments to the life of a princess , and the mysterious return of her 70 feet of magical , golden hair . The film premiered on March 10 , 2017 on Disney Channel . It features two new songs from Alan Menken , who wrote the score and songs for the original movie , and Glenn Slater : Life After Happily Ever After and Wind in My Hair . Wind in My Hair would go on to become the opening theme of Rapunzel 's Tangled Adventure . Mandy Moore , Zachary Levi and M.C . Gainey reprise their roles from Tangled as Rapunzel , Eugene Fitzherbert and the Captain of the Guard respectively . It is the fourth animated Disney Channel Original Movie following Kim Possible Movie : So the Drama , The Proud Family Movie , and Phineas and Ferb the Movie : Across the 2nd Dimension , and the first film to be based on a Walt Disney Animation Studios film ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Frozen_II', 'summary': "Frozen II , also known as Frozen 2 , is a 2019 American 3D computer-animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios . The 58th animated film produced by the studio , it is the sequel to the 2013 film Frozen and features the return of directors Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee , producer Peter Del Vecho , songwriters Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez , and composer Christophe Beck . Lee also returns as screenwriter , penning the screenplay from a story by her , Buck , Marc E. Smith , Anderson-Lopez , and Lopez , while Byron Howard executive-produced the film . [ a ] Veteran voice cast Kristen Bell , Idina Menzel , Josh Gad , Jonathan Groff , and Ciarán Hinds return as their previous characters , and they are joined by newcomers Sterling K. Brown , Evan Rachel Wood , Alfred Molina , Martha Plimpton , Jason Ritter , Rachel Matthews , and Jeremy Sisto . Set three years after the events of the first film , the story follows Elsa , Anna , Kristoff , Olaf , and Sven , who embark on a journey beyond their kingdom of Arendelle in order to discover the origin of Elsa 's magical powers and save their kingdom after a mysterious voice calls out to Elsa . Frozen II had its world premiere at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood on November 7 , 2019 , and was released in the United States by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures on November 22 , 2019 . The film received positive reviews from critics , who praised its darker tone , direction , animation , visuals , writing , music , score and vocal performances . It has grossed $ 1.443 billion worldwide , had the highest all-time worldwide opening for an animated film , and is the second highest-grossing animated film of all time and the third highest-grossing film of 2019 , as well as the 10th highest-grossing film of all time . At the 92nd Academy Awards , the film received a nomination for Best Original Song for Into the Unknown ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tangled_Ever_After', 'summary': "Tangled Ever After is a 2012 American computer animated 3D short film directed by Nathan Greno and Byron Howard . It is a sequel to the 2010 Walt Disney Animation Studios film Tangled . It premiered in theaters on January 13 , 2012 , before the 3D theatrical re-release of Beauty and the Beast and on Disney Channel followed by the premiere of The Princess and the Frog on March 23 , 2012 . The short was later , in Fall 2012 , included as a bonus feature on the Diamond Edition of Cinderella , and was also released three years later , on the Walt Disney Animation Studios Short Films Collection Blu-ray on August 18 , 2015 . The short is also available as a stand-alone download on iTunes . The story of the short picks up an unspecified amount of time after the events of Tangled ; the events of this period of time are explored in the television film Tangled : Before Ever After and Rapunzel 's Tangled Adventure 's three-part series finale Plus est en Vous . The Kingdom is in a festive mood , preparing for the royal wedding of Rapunzel and Eugene Fitzherbert . However , chameleon Pascal and horse Maximus lose the wedding rings , triggering a frenzied search to retrieve them . Greno and Howard started the film after popular demand . Among the film 's voice actors are Mandy Moore , Zachary Levi and Matt Nolan ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Frozen_Fever', 'summary': "Frozen Fever is a 2015 American computer-animated musical fantasy short film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . It is based on the 2013 feature film Frozen , and tells the story of Anna 's birthday party given by Elsa with the help of Kristoff , Sven , and Olaf . Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee again served as the directors with Kristen Bell , Idina Menzel , Jonathan Groff , and Josh Gad reprising their roles from the first film . Production on Frozen Fever began in June 2014 and took six months to complete . The film debuted in theaters alongside Walt Disney Pictures ' Cinderella on March 13 , 2015 . It received positive reviews from critics , along with praise for its new song Making Today a Perfect Day by Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez ."}, {'url': "/wiki/Olaf's_Frozen_Adventure", 'summary': "Olaf 's Frozen Adventure is a 2017 American 3D computer-animated featurette , produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . It is directed by Kevin Deters and Stevie Wermers , who previously directed the holiday-themed Prep & Landing shorts . The film features the voices of Josh Gad , Kristen Bell , Idina Menzel , and Jonathan Groff reprising their roles from the original 2013 film Frozen . It premiered in 3D in theaters for a limited time engagement in front of Pixar 's Coco on November 22 , 2017 , and made its television debut on ABC on December 14 , 2017 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Tangled:_The_Series', 'summary': "Rapunzel 's Tangled Adventure ( known as Tangled : The Series during its first season ) is an American animated television series developed by Chris Sonnenburg and Shane Prigmore , and produced by Disney Television Animation . It premiered on Disney Channel as a Disney Channel Original Movie titled Tangled : Before Ever After on March 10 , 2017 . Its regular episodes premiered on March 24 , 2017 . The series is based on the 2010 film Tangled and features the returning voices of Mandy Moore and Zachary Levi , alongside Eden Espinosa , Clancy Brown , Julie Bowen , James Monroe Iglehart , Jeff Ross , Paul F. Tompkins , and Jeremy Jordan . In February 2017 , ahead of the series premiere , the series was renewed for a second season , which premiered on June 24 , 2018 . In May 2018 , ahead of the premiere of the series ' second season , it was announced that the series had been renewed for a third season , which premiered on October 7 , 2019 ."}]}, {'value': "Disney 's Phineas and Ferb Universe", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Phineas_and_Ferb', 'summary': "Phineas and Ferb is an American animated musical comedy television series produced by Disney Television Animation . Originally broadcast as a one-episode preview on August 17 , 2007 , and again previewed on September 28 , 2007 , the series officially premiered on February 1 , 2008 , on Disney Channel , running until June 12 , 2015 . The program follows Phineas Flynn and his stepbrother Ferb Fletcher on summer vacation . Every day , the boys embark on some grand new project ; these are usually unrealistic given the protagonists ' ages ( and are sometimes downright physically impossible ) , which annoys their controlling sister , Candace , who frequently tries to reveal their shenanigans to her and Phineas ' mother , Linda Flynn-Fletcher , and less frequently to Ferb 's father , Lawrence Fletcher . The series follows a standard plot system : running gags occur every episode , and the b-plot almost always features Phineas and Ferb 's pet platypus Perry the Platypus working as a spy ( named Agent P ) for OWCA ( the Organization Without a Cool Acronym ) , to defeat the latest scheme of Dr. Heinz Doofenshmirtz , a mad scientist driven largely by a need to assert his evilness ( although he is not especially evil and has a good heart in some situations ) . The two plots intersect at the end to erase all traces of the boys ' project just before Candace can show it to their mother . This usually leaves Candace very frustrated . Creators Dan Povenmire and Jeff Swampy Marsh had previously worked together on Fox 's The Simpsons and Nickelodeon 's Rocko 's Modern Life . The creators also voice two of the main B-plot characters : Major Monogram and Dr. Doofenshmirtz . Phineas and Ferb was conceived after Povenmire sketched a triangular boy - the prototype for Phineas - in a restaurant . Povenmire and Marsh developed the series concept together and pitched it to networks for 16 years before securing a run on Disney Channel ."}]}, {'value': 'Rollercoaster ( Phineas and Ferb )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rollercoaster_(Phineas_and_Ferb)', 'summary': 'Rollercoaster is the pilot episode of the American animated television series Phineas and Ferb , originally broadcast on Disney Channel on August 17 , 2007 as a preview of the series , and Disney XD on February 13 , 2009 . The episode follows series protagonists Phineas and Ferb building an extremely large roller coaster panning from their backyard to throughout the city . Rollercoaster was written by co-creators Dan Povenmire and Jeff Swampy Marsh , the former of whom also directed the episode . The two used the episode to pitch the series to Disney . They recorded a set of storyboard reels , which Povenmire voiced over and sent them overseas . The preview of the episode totaled a combined 10.8 million viewers . In 2011 , the episode was remade into a half-hour musical episode titled Rollercoaster : The Musical ! .'}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': "A Universe where Phineas and Ferb and Milo Murphy 's Law both take place", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Phineas_and_Ferb', 'summary': "Phineas and Ferb is an American animated musical comedy television series produced by Disney Television Animation . Originally broadcast as a one-episode preview on August 17 , 2007 , and again previewed on September 28 , 2007 , the series officially premiered on February 1 , 2008 , on Disney Channel , running until June 12 , 2015 . The program follows Phineas Flynn and his stepbrother Ferb Fletcher on summer vacation . Every day , the boys embark on some grand new project ; these are usually unrealistic given the protagonists ' ages ( and are sometimes downright physically impossible ) , which annoys their controlling sister , Candace , who frequently tries to reveal their shenanigans to her and Phineas ' mother , Linda Flynn-Fletcher , and less frequently to Ferb 's father , Lawrence Fletcher . The series follows a standard plot system : running gags occur every episode , and the b-plot almost always features Phineas and Ferb 's pet platypus Perry the Platypus working as a spy ( named Agent P ) for OWCA ( the Organization Without a Cool Acronym ) , to defeat the latest scheme of Dr. Heinz Doofenshmirtz , a mad scientist driven largely by a need to assert his evilness ( although he is not especially evil and has a good heart in some situations ) . The two plots intersect at the end to erase all traces of the boys ' project just before Candace can show it to their mother . This usually leaves Candace very frustrated . Creators Dan Povenmire and Jeff Swampy Marsh had previously worked together on Fox 's The Simpsons and Nickelodeon 's Rocko 's Modern Life . The creators also voice two of the main B-plot characters : Major Monogram and Dr. Doofenshmirtz . Phineas and Ferb was conceived after Povenmire sketched a triangular boy - the prototype for Phineas - in a restaurant . Povenmire and Marsh developed the series concept together and pitched it to networks for 16 years before securing a run on Disney Channel ."}, {'url': "/wiki/Milo_Murphy's_Law", 'summary': "Milo Murphy 's Law is an American animated television series from the creators of Phineas and Ferb , Dan Povenmire and Jeff Swampy Marsh . The series premiered on October 3 , 2016 on Disney XD . It revolves around the title character , Milo Murphy , who is a descendant of Edward A. Murphy Jr. , the namesake of Murphy 's Law , which states that anything that can go wrong will go wrong . This series takes place in the Phineas and Ferb world , with several references to the show occurring across season one , culminating in a crossover at the beginning of the second season and continuing throughout . When asked about a third season in October 2019 , Povenmire stated they were still waiting on a third season renewal , but said that it will likely happen when the series goes on Disney+ ."}]}, {'value': 'DreamWorks Animation Universe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DreamWorks_Animation', 'summary': "DreamWorks Animation LLC ( also simply known as DreamWorks ) is an American animation studio that is a subsidiary of Universal Pictures , a division of NBCUniversal , which is owned by Comcast . It is based in Glendale , California , and produces animated feature films , television programs , and online virtual games . The studio has currently released a total of 37 feature films , notably including ones from the Shrek , Madagascar , Kung Fu Panda , How to Train Your Dragon , The Croods , Trolls , and The Boss Baby franchises . Originally formed under the banner of DreamWorks Pictures in 1994 by some of Amblin Entertainment 's former animation branch Amblimation alumni , it was spun off into a separate public company in 2004 . DreamWorks Animation currently maintains its Glendale campus , as well as satellite studios in India and China . On August 22 , 2016 , NBCUniversal acquired DreamWorks Animation for $ 3.8 billion , making it a division of the Universal Filmed Entertainment Group as an acquisition for the animation studio . As of May 2019 [ update ] , its feature films have grossed $ 15.019 billion worldwide , with a $ 417.2 million average gross per film . Fifteen of their films produced by the studio are among the 50 highest-grossing animated films , with Shrek 2 being the eleventh all-time highest . Although the studio also made traditionally animated films in the past , as well as two stop-motion co-productions with Aardman Animations , all of their films now use computer animation . The studio has earned three Academy Awards , as well as 41 Emmy Awards and numerous Annie Awards , and multiple Golden Globe and BAFTA nominations . In recent years , the animation studio has acquired and created new divisions in an effort to diversify beyond the high-risk movie business . Since 2013 , DreamWorks Animation produced various TV shows based on various film franchises as DreamWorks Animation Television ."}]}, {'value': 'Antz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Antz', 'summary': "Antz is a 1998 American computer animated adventure comedy film directed by Eric Darnell and Tim Johnson , and written by Paul Weitz , Chris Weitz and Todd Alcott . The film features the voices of Woody Allen , Sharon Stone , Jennifer Lopez , Sylvester Stallone , Christopher Walken , Dan Aykroyd , Anne Bancroft , Danny Glover and Gene Hackman . Some of the main characters share facial similarities with the actors who voice them . Antz was the first film and project from DreamWorks Animation , and the second feature-length computer-animated film after Disney and Pixar 's Toy Story . During its production , a controversial public feud erupted between DreamWorks co-founder Jeffrey Katzenberg , Steve Jobs and John Lasseter of Pixar , due to the production of their similar film A Bug 's Life , which opened a month later . This only worsened when Disney refused to avoid competition with DreamWorks ' intended first animated release , The Prince of Egypt ( 1998 ) . Antz premiered on September 19 , 1998 , at the Toronto International Film Festival , and was released theatrically in the United States on October 2 , 1998 by DreamWorks Pictures . It grossed $ 171.8 million worldwide on a budget of $ 42-105 million . Rotten Tomatoes 's consensus was that critics praised the voice cast , animation , humor and its appeal towards adults ."}]}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fictional universe with all of the DreamWorks Animation features connected in the same universe through a major timeline of events', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DreamWorks_Animation', 'summary': "DreamWorks Animation LLC ( also simply known as DreamWorks ) is an American animation studio that is a subsidiary of Universal Pictures , a division of NBCUniversal , which is owned by Comcast . It is based in Glendale , California , and produces animated feature films , television programs , and online virtual games . The studio has currently released a total of 37 feature films , notably including ones from the Shrek , Madagascar , Kung Fu Panda , How to Train Your Dragon , The Croods , Trolls , and The Boss Baby franchises . Originally formed under the banner of DreamWorks Pictures in 1994 by some of Amblin Entertainment 's former animation branch Amblimation alumni , it was spun off into a separate public company in 2004 . DreamWorks Animation currently maintains its Glendale campus , as well as satellite studios in India and China . On August 22 , 2016 , NBCUniversal acquired DreamWorks Animation for $ 3.8 billion , making it a division of the Universal Filmed Entertainment Group as an acquisition for the animation studio . As of May 2019 [ update ] , its feature films have grossed $ 15.019 billion worldwide , with a $ 417.2 million average gross per film . Fifteen of their films produced by the studio are among the 50 highest-grossing animated films , with Shrek 2 being the eleventh all-time highest . Although the studio also made traditionally animated films in the past , as well as two stop-motion co-productions with Aardman Animations , all of their films now use computer animation . The studio has earned three Academy Awards , as well as 41 Emmy Awards and numerous Annie Awards , and multiple Golden Globe and BAFTA nominations . In recent years , the animation studio has acquired and created new divisions in an effort to diversify beyond the high-risk movie business . Since 2013 , DreamWorks Animation produced various TV shows based on various film franchises as DreamWorks Animation Television ."}]}, {'value': 'Duck universe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Duck_universe', 'summary': "The Donald Duck universe is a fictional shared universe which is the setting of stories involving Disney cartoon character Donald Duck , as well as Daisy Duck , Huey , Dewey , and Louie , Scrooge McDuck , and many other characters . The world is a part of the Mickey Mouse universe , but is more detailed . Life in the Donald Duck universe centers on the city of Duckburg , usually located in the fictional U.S. state of Calisota , analogous to Northern California . The world also incorporates several other real and fictional locations , as well as historical figures and a fictional timeline , which is followed with varying degrees of consistency . Disney comics are the primary medium for Donald Duck stories . Contributors include Americans Carl Barks , Ted Osborne , Don Rosa , Tony Strobl , Al Taliaferro , and William Van Horn , as well as Italians Giovan Battista Carpi , Marco Rota , and Romano Scarpa . Other media includes short films in the Donald Duck series , children 's books such as Little Big Books and Little Golden Books , television series such as DuckTales ( 1987-1990 ) , Darkwing Duck ( 1991-1992 ) , and the Ducktales reboot ( 2017- ) , and video games such as QuackShot ( 1991 ) , Goin ' Quackers ( 2000 ) , and DuckTales : Remastered ( 2013 ) . Donald Duck universe is not an official Disney term , but is sometimes used by fans . Don Rosa has also used the terms Barks Universe and Italian Duck Universe to describe different versions of the world 's continuity . The terms Barksian or Barksian facts has also been used to describe the canon of the Donald Duck universe , as many comic book creators and fans only consider the stories by Carl Barks as factual , since he is the creator of many of its major characters , locations and ideas . Don Rosa is an example of this when creating his comic book series The Life and Times of Scrooge McDuck , with most of his stories being based on the works by Barks . Additionally , the stories by Al Taliaferro and Ted Osborne are also considered canon by many fans , being that they are the creators of Huey , Dewey and Louie and Grandma Duck , and part of their work precedes Barks ' work ."}]}, {'value': "Walt Disney 's Comics and Stories # 49", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Walt_Disney's_Comics_and_Stories", 'summary': "Walt Disney 's Comics and Stories , sometimes abbreviated WDC or WDC & S , is an American anthology comic book series featuring an assortment of Disney characters , including Donald Duck , Scrooge McDuck , Mickey Mouse , Chip ' n Dale , Li ' l Bad Wolf , Scamp , Bucky Bug , Grandma Duck , Brer Rabbit , Winnie the Pooh , and others . With more than 700 issues , Walt Disney 's Comics & Stories is the longest-running Disney comic book in the United States , making it the flagship title , and it 's regarded as one of the best-selling comic books of all time . The book was originally published by Dell Comics ( 1940-1962 ) , and there have been many revivals over the years , continuing the same legacy numbering . The revivals have been published by Gold Key Comics ( 1962-1984 ) , Gladstone Publishing ( 1986-1990 ) , Disney Comics ( 1990-1993 ) , back to Gladstone Publishing ( 1993-1999 ) , Gemstone Publishing ( 2003-2008 ) , Boom ! Studios ( 2009-2011 ) and IDW Publishing ( 2015-present ) ."}]}, {'value': '1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Where Disney cartoon characters Donald Duck and Scrooge McDuck live . It is a spin-off of the older Mickey Mouse universe , yet has become much more extensive . It was largely the creation of Carl Barks', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mickey_Mouse_universe', 'summary': "The Mickey Mouse universe is a fictional shared universe which is the setting for stories involving Disney cartoon characters Mickey and Minnie Mouse , Pluto , Goofy and many other characters . The universe originated from the Mickey Mouse animated short films produced by Disney starting in 1928 , but its first consistent version was created by Floyd Gottfredson in the Mickey Mouse newspaper comic strip . Real-world versions also exist in Disneyland and Tokyo Disneyland , called Mickey 's Toontown . Since 1990 , the city in which Mickey lives is typically called Mouseton in American comics . In modern continuity , Mouseton is often depicted as being located in the fictional U.S. state of Calisota , analogous to Northern California . This fictional state was invented by comics writer Carl Barks in 1952 as the location for Donald Duck 's home city , Duckburg . The most consistent aspect of the Mickey Mouse universe is the characters . The most well-known include Mickey 's girlfriend Minnie , pet dog Pluto , friends Goofy , Horace Horsecollar , Clarabelle Cow , and nemesis Pete . Some Disney productions incorporate characters from Disney 's animated feature films , such as Bath Day ( 1946 ; in which Figaro from Pinocchio appears as Minnie 's cat ) , Mickey 's Christmas Carol ( 1983 ) , and - most extensively - Disney 's House of Mouse ( 2001-2003 ) . The term Mickey Mouse universe is not officially used by the Walt Disney Company , but it has been used by Disney comics author and animation historian David Gerstein . The Walt Disney Company typically uses terms such as Mickey & Friends or Mickey & the Gang to refer to the character franchise ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Carl_Barks', 'summary': 'Carl Barks ( March 27 , 1901 - August 25 , 2000 ) was an American cartoonist , author , and painter . He is best known for his work in Disney comic books , as the writer and artist of the first Donald Duck stories and as the creator of Scrooge McDuck . He worked anonymously until late in his career ; fans dubbed him The Duck Man and The Good Duck Artist . In 1987 , Barks was one of the three inaugural inductees of the Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame . Barks worked for the Disney Studio and Western Publishing where he created Duckburg and many of its inhabitants , such as Scrooge McDuck ( 1947 ) , Gladstone Gander ( 1948 ) , the Beagle Boys ( 1951 ) , The Junior Woodchucks ( 1951 ) , Gyro Gearloose ( 1952 ) , Cornelius Coot ( 1952 ) , Flintheart Glomgold ( 1956 ) , John D. Rockerduck ( 1961 ) and Magica De Spell ( 1961 ) . Will Eisner called him the Hans Christian Andersen of comic books .'}]}, {'value': 'Evangelion universe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neon_Genesis_Evangelion_(franchise)', 'summary': 'Neon Genesis Evangelion ( 新世紀エヴァンゲリオン , Shin Seiki Evangerion ) is a Japanese media franchise created by Hideaki Anno and owned by Khara . Most of the franchise features an apocalyptic mecha action story , which revolves around the efforts by the paramilitary organization NERV to fight hostile beings called Angels , using giant humanoids called Evangelions ( or EVAs for short ) that are piloted by select teenagers . Other works deviate from this theme to varying degrees , focusing more on romantic interactions between the characters , side stories which did not appear in the original works , and/or reimaginings of the conflicts from the original works . The Neon Genesis Evangelion manga debuted in Shōnen Ace in December 1994 , as a way to generate interest in the upcoming anime release . The Neon Genesis Evangelion anime was written and directed by Hideaki Anno and originally aired from October 1995 to March 1996 . The show was groundbreaking , delving into religious , psychological and philosophical themes on an otherwise standard mecha backdrop . There was some debate over the controversial ending of the television series . In response , two films were made to provide an alternate ending for the show : Neon Genesis Evangelion : Death & Rebirth , released in March 1997 , and The End of Evangelion released in July 1997 . Death is a compilation of clips from the TV series , with some new footage added , and Rebirth comprises the first 30 minutes or so of End of Evangelion . The popularity of the show spawned numerous additional media , including video games , radio dramas , audio books , a novel , pachinko machines , and a tetralogy of films titled Rebuild of Evangelion . Other derivative works include Angelic Days , Petit Eva : Evangelion @ School and Campus Apocalypse . As of June 2018 , it is the 27th highest-grossing franchise of all-time , with an estimated revenue of $ 14.9 billion .'}]}, {'value': 'Neon Genesis Evangelion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neon_Genesis_Evangelion', 'summary': 'Neon Genesis Evangelion ( Japanese : 新世紀エヴァンゲリオン , Hepburn : Shinseiki Evangerion , lit . New Century Gospel ) is a Japanese mecha anime television series produced by Gainax and Tatsunoko Production , directed by Hideaki Anno and broadcast on TV Tokyo from October 1995 to March 1996 . The cast included Megumi Ogata as Shinji Ikari , Kotono Mitsuishi as Misato Katsuragi , Megumi Hayashibara as Rei Ayanami , and Yūko Miyamura as Asuka Langley Soryu . Music for the series was composed by Shirō Sagisu . Evangelion is set fifteen years after a worldwide cataclysm , particularly in the futuristic fortified city of Tokyo-3 . The protagonist is Shinji , a teenage boy who was recruited by his father Gendo to the shadowy organization Nerv to pilot a giant bio-machine mecha called an Evangelion into combat with alien beings called Angels . The series explores the experiences and emotions of Evangelion pilots and members of Nerv as they try to prevent any and all of the Angels from causing another cataclysm , and as they deal with the quest of finding out the real truth behind events and organizational moves . The series features imagery derived from Kabbalah , Christianity , and Judaism . Neon Genesis Evangelion received critical acclaim but also garnered controversy . Particularly controversial were the last two episodes of the show , leading the team behind the series to produce the original intended version of the ending in the 1997 film The End of Evangelion . Regarded as a deconstruction of the mecha genre , the original TV series led to a rebirth of the anime industry and has become a cultural icon . Film , manga , home video , and other products in the Evangelion franchise have achieved record sales in Japanese markets and strong sales in overseas markets , with related goods selling over ¥150 billion by 2007 and Evangelion pachinko machines selling ¥700 billion by 2015 .'}]}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gundam multiverse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gundam', 'summary': 'Gundam ( ガンダム , Gandamu ) , also known as the Gundam series ( ガンダムシリーズ一覧 , Gandamu Shirīzu ichiran ) , is a Japanese science fiction media franchise/media mix created by Yoshiyuki Tomino and Sunrise that features giant robots ( mecha ) with the name Gundam ( after the original titular mecha ) . The franchise began on April 7 , 1979 with Mobile Suit Gundam , a TV series that defined the real robot mecha anime genre by featuring giant robots called mobile suits in a militaristic setting . The popularity of the series and its merchandise spawned a franchise that includes television series , OVAs , films , manga , novels and video games , as well as a whole industry of model robots known as Gunpla ( plastic Gundam model ) . Gunpla makes up 90 percent of the Japanese character plastic-model market . Academics in Japan have viewed the series as inspiration ; in 2008 , the virtual Gundam Academy was planned as the first academic institution based on an animated TV series . The Gundam franchise had grossed over $ 5 billion in retail sales by 2000 . By 2014 , annual revenue of the Gundam franchise reached ¥80 billion per year , ¥18.4 billion of which was retail sales of toys and hobby items . As of 2018 , Gundam is one of the top 15 highest-grossing media franchises of all time , estimated to have generated more than $ 20 billion in total revenue . [ a ]'}]}, {'value': 'Mobile Suit Gundam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mobile_Suit_Gundam', 'summary': "Mobile Suit Gundam ( Japanese : 機動戦士ガンダム , Hepburn : Kidō Senshi Gandamu , also known as First Gundam , Gundam 0079 or simply Gundam '79 ) is a televised anime series , produced and animated by Nippon Sunrise . Created and directed by Yoshiyuki Tomino , it premiered in Japan on Nagoya Broadcasting Network and its affiliated ANN stations on April 7 , 1979 , and lasted until January 26 , 1980 , spanning 43 episodes . It was the very first Gundam series , which has subsequently been adapted into numerous sequels and spin-offs . Set in the futuristic calendar year Universal Century 0079 , the plot focuses on the war between the Principality of Zeon and the Earth Federation , with the latter unveiling a new giant robot known as the RX-78-2 Gundam piloted by the teenage civilian mechanic Amuro Ray . In 1981 , the series was re-edited for theatrical release and split into three movies . The characters were designed by Yoshikazu Yasuhiko , and Kunio Okawara was responsible for the mechanical designs , including the eponymous giant robot , the RX-78-2 Gundam . The first movie was released on February 22 , 1981 . Tomino himself also wrote a trilogy of novels that retell the events of the series . Two manga adaptations of the series have also been written by two manga artists . Despite initial low ratings that caused the series ' cancellation , the popularity of Gundam saw a boost from the introduction of Bandai 's Gunpla models in 1980 and from reruns and the theatrical release of the anime , leading to the creation of a prolific and lucrative media and toy franchise . The series is famous for revolutionizing the giant robot genre due to the handling of mobile suits as weapons of war as well as the portrayal of their pilots as ordinary soldiers , as opposed to the previous style of portraying hero pilots and their giant super hero robots ."}]}, {'value': '1979', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Includes Universal Century , Future Century , After Colony , After War , Correct Century , Cosmic Era , Anno Domini , Advanced Generation , Our Century , Regild Century and Post Disaster timelines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Universal_Century', 'summary': 'Gundam ( ガンダム , Gandamu ) , also known as the Gundam series ( ガンダムシリーズ一覧 , Gandamu Shirīzu ichiran ) , is a Japanese science fiction media franchise/media mix created by Yoshiyuki Tomino and Sunrise that features giant robots ( mecha ) with the name Gundam ( after the original titular mecha ) . The franchise began on April 7 , 1979 with Mobile Suit Gundam , a TV series that defined the real robot mecha anime genre by featuring giant robots called mobile suits in a militaristic setting . The popularity of the series and its merchandise spawned a franchise that includes television series , OVAs , films , manga , novels and video games , as well as a whole industry of model robots known as Gunpla ( plastic Gundam model ) . Gunpla makes up 90 percent of the Japanese character plastic-model market . Academics in Japan have viewed the series as inspiration ; in 2008 , the virtual Gundam Academy was planned as the first academic institution based on an animated TV series . The Gundam franchise had grossed over $ 5 billion in retail sales by 2000 . By 2014 , annual revenue of the Gundam franchise reached ¥80 billion per year , ¥18.4 billion of which was retail sales of toys and hobby items . As of 2018 , Gundam is one of the top 15 highest-grossing media franchises of all time , estimated to have generated more than $ 20 billion in total revenue . [ a ]'}, {'url': '/wiki/Future_Century', 'summary': "Mobile Fighter G Gundam , also known in Japan as Mobile Fighting Legend G Gundam ( 機動武闘伝Gガンダム , Kidō Butōden Jī Gandamu ) , is a 1994 Japanese animated television series produced by Sunrise and the fifth installment in the long running Gundam franchise . The series is set in the Future Century , where space colonies representing countries have agreed to hold an organized fighting tournament known as the Gundam Fight every four years to settle their political differences in place of war . Each colony sends a representative fighter piloting a giant , humanoid mecha called a Gundam to battle on Earth until only one is left , and the winning nation earns the right to govern over all the colonies until the next tournament . The events of G Gundam follow Domon Kasshu , the pilot of Neo Japan 's Shining Gundam during the 13th Gundam Fight . Domon 's mission is to both win the tournament and to track down his older brother , who is believed to have stolen the mysterious Devil Gundam ( AKA the Dark Gundam outside of Japan/Asia ) from the Neo Japan government . Commemorating the 15th anniversary of the Gundam brand , G Gundam was produced to reboot the waning popularity of the long-running franchise . It is the first Gundam series with a self-contained plot set in an alternate calendar era from the original Universal Century timeline . Additionally , the show casts aside many of the conventions set by its predecessors and takes many new steps for its franchise , such as a focus on martial arts and decisive , personal duels as opposed to large-scale military conflicts . G Gundam was directed by Yasuhiro Imagawa , with its settings and characters significantly influenced by the director 's interest in world cinema . The anime 's real world locales were drawn from numerous foreign films and were planned using location scouting . G Gundam ran for 49 episodes on Japan 's TV Asahi from April 22 , 1994 to March 31 , 1995 . An English-language version produced by Bandai Entertainment aired in the United States on Cartoon Network 's Toonami block beginning on August 5 , 2002 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/After_Colony', 'summary': 'Mobile Suit Gundam Wing , also known in Japan as New Mobile Report Gundam Wing ( 新機動戦記ガンダムW ( ウイング ) , Shin Kidō Senki Gandamu Wingu ) , is a 1995 Japanese mecha anime series directed by Masashi Ikeda and written by Katsuyuki Sumizawa . It is the sixth installment in the Gundam franchise , taking place in the After Colony timeline . As with the original series , the plot of Gundam Wing centers on a war in the future ( specifically the 2220s ) between Earth and its orbital colonies in the Earth-Moon system . The series aired in Japan on the terrestrial TV Asahi network . It ran for 49 episodes ; beginning on April 7 , 1995 and ending on March 29 , 1996 . It received multiple manga adaptations , as well as video games . Four original video animation ( OVA ) episodes were produced including a retelling of the series , Operation Meteor , and a direct sequel , Endless Waltz . In 2010 , Sumizawa started writing the novel Frozen Teardrop , another sequel to the series . While the series fared modestly well in Japan , it found greater success in the United States and popularized the Gundam franchise in the West .'}, {'url': '/wiki/After_War', 'summary': "After War Gundam X ( Japanese : 機動新世紀ガンダムX , Hepburn : Kidō Shin Seiki Gandamu Ekkusu , lit . New Mobile Century Gundam X ) , is a 1996 Japanese anime television series and the seventh installment in the long running Gundam franchise that started in 1979 , but takes place in an alternate timeline called After War ( A.W . ; アフターウォー or 戦後 , Sengo ) . The series has 39 episodes , aired in Japan from April 5 , 1996 , to December 28 , 1996 , across TV Asahi 's ANN stations . It was directed by Sunrise veteran Shinji Takamatsu ( Mobile Suit SD Gundam , The Brave of Gold Goldran , School Rumble ) , and the screenplay was written by Hiroyuki Kawasaki . The series was released on DVD in North America in 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Correct_Century', 'summary': "Turn A Gundam , also stylized as ∀ Gundam , is a 1999 Japanese mecha anime series produced by Sunrise , and aired between 1999 and 2000 on Japan 's FNN networks . It was created for the Gundam Big Bang 20th Anniversary celebration , and is the eighth installment in the Gundam franchise . It was later compiled in 2002 into two feature-length movies entitled Turn A Gundam I : Earth Light and Turn A Gundam II : Moonlight Butterfly . Turn A Gundam was directed by Yoshiyuki Tomino , who is the main creator of the Gundam franchise , and who had written and directed many previous Gundam works . Tomino created the series as a means of affirmatively accepting all of the Gundam series , which is reflected in the series title 's use of the Turned A , a mathematical symbol representing universal quantification ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mobile_Suit_Gundam_SEED', 'summary': "Mobile Suit Gundam SEED ( 機動戦士ガンダムSEED ( シード ) , Kidō Senshi Gandamu Shīdo ) is an anime series developed by Sunrise and directed by Mitsuo Fukuda . The ninth installment in the Gundam franchise , Gundam SEED takes place in a future calendar era , in this case the Cosmic Era , the first to do so . In this era , mankind has developed into two subspecies : Naturals , who reside on Earth , and Coordinators , genetically enhanced humans capable of amazing feats of intellect who emigrate to man-made orbital colonies to escape persecution by natural humans . The story revolves around a young Coordinator Kira Yamato who becomes involved in the war between the two races after a third , neutral faction 's space colony is invaded by the Coordinators . The television series was broadcast in Japan between 2002 and 2003 , on the Tokyo Broadcasting System and Mainichi Broadcasting System networks , beginning a broadcast partnership with the Gundam franchise . The series spawned three compilations films and was adapted into a manga as well as light novels . A sequel series , Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Destiny followed in 2004 . Merchandise has been released , including models , CD soundtracks and video games . Gundam SEED was licensed by Bandai Entertainment for broadcast in North America , and began airing in the United States and Canada in 2004 and 2005 respectively . The films and the sequel were also licensed by Bandai . The manga and light novels as well as the spin-off series , Mobile Suit Gundam SEED Astray , were licensed . Video games were released in North America ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mobile_Suit_Gundam_00', 'summary': "Mobile Suit Gundam 00 ( 機動戦士ガンダム00（ダブルオー） , Kidō Senshi Gandamu Daburu Ō , Mobile Suit Gundam Double-O ) is an anime television series , the eleventh installment in Sunrise studio 's long-running Gundam franchise comprising two seasons . The series is set on a futuristic Earth and is centered on the exploits of the fictional paramilitary organization Celestial Being and its efforts to rid the world of war and conflict with a series of unique and extremely advanced mecha mobile suits known as Gundams . It is directed by Seiji Mizushima and written by Yōsuke Kuroda , and features character designs by Yun Kōga . The 25-episode season was officially announced by Sunrise during a 15-second trailer on June 2 , 2007 . The series aired on the Mainichi Broadcasting System and Tokyo Broadcasting System from October 5 , 2007 to March 29 , 2008 . The second season began on October 5 , 2008 and concluded on March 29 , 2009 . A movie sequel , titled Mobile Suit Gundam 00 the Movie : A Wakening of the Trailblazer , premiered in Japan on September 18 , 2010 and was released on DVD and Blu-ray on December 25 , 2010 , in Japan . Mobile Suit Gundam 00 is the first Gundam television series to be animated in widescreen and in high-definition ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mobile_Suit_Gundam_AGE', 'summary': "Mobile Suit Gundam AGE ( 機動戦士ガンダムAGE , Kidō Senshi Gandamu Eiji ) is a 2011 Japanese science fiction anime television series and the twelfth installment in Sunrise 's long-running Gundam franchise . The series was first announced in the July issue of Shogakukan 's CoroCoro Comic , and has gaming company Level-5 's President Akihiro Hino in charge of the story . This installment of the Gundam meta-series is set on a futuristic Earth plagued by an interplanetary war that spans a whole century . Its story revolves around three protagonists from the same family , each piloting his own version of the eponymous mecha , fighting to defend Earth and its space colonies from an enemy race far more advanced in terms of technology . The series was officially unveiled by Bandai on June 13 , 2011 , during a special event at the 2011 Tokyo Toy Show . Gundam AGE premiered on the MBS and TBS broadcasting stations in Japan on October 9 , 2011 and 49 episodes were broadcast , with the final episode on September 23 , 2012 . A compilation OVA titled Mobile Suit Gundam AGE : Memory of Eden was released on July 26 , 2013 , focusing on the second protagonist of the series , Asemu Asuno ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gundam_Build_Fighters', 'summary': "Gundam Build Fighters ( ガンダムビルドファイターズ , Gandamu Birudo Faitāzu ) is a 2013 Japanese science fiction anime television series based on Sunrise 's long-running Gundam franchise . The series is directed by Kenji Nagasaki of No . 6 and written by Yōsuke Kuroda of Mobile Suit Gundam 00 . Character designs were done by both Kenichi Ohnuki and Suzuhito Yasuda . The series was first unveiled under the name 1/144 Gundam Mobile project by Sunrise , before its official announcement . In contrast to other Gundam series , Gundam Build Fighters focuses on the Gundam model ( Gunpla ) aspect of the franchise . The series was officially unveiled by Bandai on July 2 , 2013 , during the series 's live press conference as part of Gundam 's 35th Anniversary in 2014 . It premiered on TXN stations in Japan and on YouTube in limited international markets on October 7 , 2013 . One Manga adaptation and two photonovels were also announced by Sunrise , and currently running on Gundam Ace ( Gundam Build Fighters Amazing ) , Hobby Japan ( Gundam Build Fighters Honno ) , and Dengeki Hobby Magazine ( Gundam Build Fighter Document ) magazines . Gundam Build Fighters is followed by the 2014 sequel Gundam Build Fighters Try . A sequel ONA titled Gundam Build Fighters : GM 's Counterattack ( ガンダムビルドファイターズ GMの逆襲 , Gandamu Birudo Faitāzu GM no Gyakushū ) , which takes place between Build Fighters and Build Fighters Try , was released on August 25 , 2017 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Gundam_Reconguista_in_G', 'summary': "Gundam Reconguista in G ( Japanese : ガンダム Gのレコンギスタ , Hepburn : Gandamu G no Rekongisuta ) , also referred to as G-Reco ( Gレコ ) , is a 2014 Japanese science fiction anime television series and the thirteenth installment in Sunrise 's long-running Gundam franchise . Created for the Gundam 35th Anniversary celebration , it is the first Gundam TV series to be written and directed by Yoshiyuki Tomino since Turn A Gundam in 1999 and features character designs by Kenichi Yoshida of Overman King Gainer & Eureka Seven fame . Airing in the MBS/TBS networks ' Animeism block from October 2014 to March 2015 , it is the first traditional Gundam TV series to be initially released as a late night anime . A 5-part film compilation series premiered starting from November 29 , 2019 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Mobile_Suit_Gundam:_Iron-Blooded_Orphans', 'summary': "Mobile Suit Gundam : Iron-Blooded Orphans ( Japanese : 機動戦士ガンダム 鉄血のオルフェンズ , Hepburn : Kidō Senshi Gandamu Tekketsu no Orufenzu ) , also known as Gundam IBO and G-Tekketsu ( Gの鉄血 ) , is a 2015 Japanese mecha anime series and the fourteenth installment in Sunrise 's long-running Gundam franchise . It is directed by Tatsuyuki Nagai and written by Mari Okada , a team which previously collaborated on Toradora ! and Anohana : The Flower We Saw That Day . It aired in Japan on MBS and other JNN stations from October 4 , 2015 to March 27 , 2016 , making this the first Gundam series to return to a Sunday late afternoon time slot since Mobile Suit Gundam AGE . A second season premiered on October 2 , 2016 . The series follows the exploits of a group of juvenile soldiers who establish their own security company after rebelling against the adults who betrayed them on a futuristic , terraformed Mars . Iron-Blooded Orphans deals with several real-life problems such as war , slavery , child soldiers , poverty , politics , corruption and neo-colonialism . The catchphrase of the series is The sustenance of life is on the battlefield . ( いのちの糧は、戦場にある。 , Inochi no kate wa , senjō ni aru . )"}]}, {'value': 'Gurren Lagann multiverse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gurren_Lagann', 'summary': "Gurren Lagann , known in Japan as Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann ( 天元突破グレンラガン , Tengen Toppa Guren Ragan , lit . Pierce the Heavens , Gurren Lagann ) , is a Japanese mecha anime television series animated by Gainax and co-produced by Aniplex and Konami . It ran for 27 episodes on Japan 's TV Tokyo between April 1 , 2007 , and September 30 , 2007 . It was directed by Hiroyuki Imaishi , written by veteran playwright Kazuki Nakashima , both of whom would later collaborate on two more projects , Kill la Kill in 2013 and Promare in 2019 , and had been in development since the participation of the famed animator in the Abenobashi mecha-themed episodes by the same studio . Gurren Lagann takes place in a fictional future where Earth is ruled by the Spiral King , Lordgenome , who forces mankind to live in isolated subterranean villages . The plot focuses on two teenagers , Simon and Kamina , who live in a subterranean village and wish to go to the surface . Using a mecha known as Lagann , Simon and Kamina reach the surface and start fighting alongside other humans against Lordgenome 's forces , before fighting the forces of their true enemy . In North America , although initially announced to be licensed by ADV Films in 2007 , the license was transferred to Bandai Entertainment in 2008 and then transferred to Aniplex of America in 2013 . In the United Kingdom , it was licensed by Manga Entertainment in 2007 , then transferred to Beez Entertainment in 2008 , and then transferred to Anime Limited in 2013 . The Sci Fi Channel acquired the broadcasting rights of Gurren Lagann and began airing the anime on July 28 , 2008 , as part of Sci Fi 's Ani-Monday anime block . The anime won several awards at the Tokyo International Anime Fair and the Animation Kobe and Japan Media Arts Festivals . A manga adaptation was published by ASCII Media Works between 2007 and 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'Gurren Lagann', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gurren_Lagann', 'summary': "Gurren Lagann , known in Japan as Tengen Toppa Gurren Lagann ( 天元突破グレンラガン , Tengen Toppa Guren Ragan , lit . Pierce the Heavens , Gurren Lagann ) , is a Japanese mecha anime television series animated by Gainax and co-produced by Aniplex and Konami . It ran for 27 episodes on Japan 's TV Tokyo between April 1 , 2007 , and September 30 , 2007 . It was directed by Hiroyuki Imaishi , written by veteran playwright Kazuki Nakashima , both of whom would later collaborate on two more projects , Kill la Kill in 2013 and Promare in 2019 , and had been in development since the participation of the famed animator in the Abenobashi mecha-themed episodes by the same studio . Gurren Lagann takes place in a fictional future where Earth is ruled by the Spiral King , Lordgenome , who forces mankind to live in isolated subterranean villages . The plot focuses on two teenagers , Simon and Kamina , who live in a subterranean village and wish to go to the surface . Using a mecha known as Lagann , Simon and Kamina reach the surface and start fighting alongside other humans against Lordgenome 's forces , before fighting the forces of their true enemy . In North America , although initially announced to be licensed by ADV Films in 2007 , the license was transferred to Bandai Entertainment in 2008 and then transferred to Aniplex of America in 2013 . In the United Kingdom , it was licensed by Manga Entertainment in 2007 , then transferred to Beez Entertainment in 2008 , and then transferred to Anime Limited in 2013 . The Sci Fi Channel acquired the broadcasting rights of Gurren Lagann and began airing the anime on July 28 , 2008 , as part of Sci Fi 's Ani-Monday anime block . The anime won several awards at the Tokyo International Anime Fair and the Animation Kobe and Japan Media Arts Festivals . A manga adaptation was published by ASCII Media Works between 2007 and 2013 ."}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MacFarlane universe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seth_MacFarlane', 'summary': "Seth Woodbury MacFarlane ( /məkˈfɑːrlɪn/ ; born October 26 , 1973 ) is an American actor , animator , filmmaker , comedian , and singer . MacFarlane is the creator of the TV series Family Guy ( 1999-present ) and The Orville ( 2017-present ) , and co-creator of the TV series American Dad ! ( 2005-present ) and The Cleveland Show ( 2009-2013 ) . He also wrote , directed , and starred in the films Ted ( 2012 ) , its sequel Ted 2 ( 2015 ) , and A Million Ways to Die in the West ( 2014 ) . MacFarlane is a graduate of the Rhode Island School of Design , where he studied animation . Recruited to Hollywood , he was an animator and writer for Hanna-Barbera for several television series , including Johnny Bravo , Cow and Chicken , Dexter 's Laboratory , I Am Weasel , and Larry & Steve . He made several guest appearances on TV series such as Gilmore Girls , The War at Home , Star Trek : Enterprise , and FlashForward . In 2008 , he created his own YouTube series titled Seth MacFarlane 's Cavalcade of Cartoon Comedy . He won several awards for his work on Family Guy , including five Primetime Emmy Awards and an Annie Award . In 2009 , he won the Webby Award for Film & Video Person of the Year . He occasionally speaks at universities and colleges throughout the United States , and is an active supporter of gay rights . MacFarlane has performed as a singer at several venues , including Carnegie Hall in New York and the Royal Albert Hall in London ."}]}, {'value': 'Family Guy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Family_Guy', 'summary': "Family Guy is an American animated sitcom television series created by Seth MacFarlane for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series centers on the Griffins , a family consisting of parents Peter and Lois ; their children , Meg , Chris , and Stewie ; and their anthropomorphic pet dog , Brian . The show is set in the fictional city of Quahog , Rhode Island , and exhibits much of its surreal & dark humor in the form of metafictional cutaway gags that often lampoon American culture . The family was conceived by MacFarlane after developing two animated films , The Life of Larry and Larry & Steve . MacFarlane redesigned the films ' protagonist , Larry , and his dog , Steve , and renamed them Peter and Brian , respectively . MacFarlane pitched a seven-minute pilot to Fox in 1998 , and the show was greenlit and began production . Shortly after the third season of Family Guy had aired in 2002 , Fox canceled the series with one episode left unaired . Adult Swim aired that episode in 2003 , finishing the series ' original run . However , favorable DVD sales and high ratings for syndicated reruns on Adult Swim convinced the network to renew the show in 2004 for a fourth season , which began airing on May 1 , 2005 . Since its debut on January 31 , 1999 , 340 episodes of Family Guy have been broadcast . Its eighteenth season began on September 29 , 2019 . The show has been widely acclaimed , prompting Family Guy to be nominated for 12 Primetime Emmy Awards and 11 Annie Awards , and has won three of each ."}]}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The setting for multiple cartoons created by Seth MacFarlane , including Family Guy , American Dad ! , and The Cleveland Show . Also crossed over with Springfield from The Simpsons in The Simpsons Guy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seth_MacFarlane', 'summary': "Seth Woodbury MacFarlane ( /məkˈfɑːrlɪn/ ; born October 26 , 1973 ) is an American actor , animator , filmmaker , comedian , and singer . MacFarlane is the creator of the TV series Family Guy ( 1999-present ) and The Orville ( 2017-present ) , and co-creator of the TV series American Dad ! ( 2005-present ) and The Cleveland Show ( 2009-2013 ) . He also wrote , directed , and starred in the films Ted ( 2012 ) , its sequel Ted 2 ( 2015 ) , and A Million Ways to Die in the West ( 2014 ) . MacFarlane is a graduate of the Rhode Island School of Design , where he studied animation . Recruited to Hollywood , he was an animator and writer for Hanna-Barbera for several television series , including Johnny Bravo , Cow and Chicken , Dexter 's Laboratory , I Am Weasel , and Larry & Steve . He made several guest appearances on TV series such as Gilmore Girls , The War at Home , Star Trek : Enterprise , and FlashForward . In 2008 , he created his own YouTube series titled Seth MacFarlane 's Cavalcade of Cartoon Comedy . He won several awards for his work on Family Guy , including five Primetime Emmy Awards and an Annie Award . In 2009 , he won the Webby Award for Film & Video Person of the Year . He occasionally speaks at universities and colleges throughout the United States , and is an active supporter of gay rights . MacFarlane has performed as a singer at several venues , including Carnegie Hall in New York and the Royal Albert Hall in London ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Family_Guy', 'summary': "Family Guy is an American animated sitcom television series created by Seth MacFarlane for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series centers on the Griffins , a family consisting of parents Peter and Lois ; their children , Meg , Chris , and Stewie ; and their anthropomorphic pet dog , Brian . The show is set in the fictional city of Quahog , Rhode Island , and exhibits much of its surreal & dark humor in the form of metafictional cutaway gags that often lampoon American culture . The family was conceived by MacFarlane after developing two animated films , The Life of Larry and Larry & Steve . MacFarlane redesigned the films ' protagonist , Larry , and his dog , Steve , and renamed them Peter and Brian , respectively . MacFarlane pitched a seven-minute pilot to Fox in 1998 , and the show was greenlit and began production . Shortly after the third season of Family Guy had aired in 2002 , Fox canceled the series with one episode left unaired . Adult Swim aired that episode in 2003 , finishing the series ' original run . However , favorable DVD sales and high ratings for syndicated reruns on Adult Swim convinced the network to renew the show in 2004 for a fourth season , which began airing on May 1 , 2005 . Since its debut on January 31 , 1999 , 340 episodes of Family Guy have been broadcast . Its eighteenth season began on September 29 , 2019 . The show has been widely acclaimed , prompting Family Guy to be nominated for 12 Primetime Emmy Awards and 11 Annie Awards , and has won three of each ."}, {'url': '/wiki/American_Dad!', 'summary': "American Dad ! is an American animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane , Mike Barker and Matt Weitzman that originally premiered on Fox . American Dad ! is the first television series to have its inception on the network 's Animation Domination block . The series premiered on February 6 , 2005 , following Super Bowl XXXIX , with the rest of the first season airing three months later beginning May 1 , 2005 . The series is produced by Underdog Productions , Fuzzy Door Productions , and 20th Century Fox Television and syndicated by 20th Television . Creative direction of American Dad ! has largely been guided by Barker ( prior to his exit from the show in season 10 ) and Weitzman as opposed to MacFarlane , resulting in a series that is different from its counterparts . Unlike MacFarlane 's other shows , Family Guy and , to a lesser extent , The Cleveland Show , American Dad ! does not lean as heavily on the use of cutaway gags , and is less concerned with conventional setup-punchline jokes , instead deriving its humor mostly from the quirky characters , the relationships between family members , and the relatively relatable plots . While the core issues and resolutions are relatable in most episodes , the show nonetheless weaves in fantastical elements , pitching the tone of the show somewhere between observational comedy and farce . The plots are often absurd , but they are grounded by family stories and real-world issues ."}, {'url': '/wiki/The_Cleveland_Show', 'summary': "The Cleveland Show is an American animated sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane , Richard Appel , and Mike Henry for the Fox Broadcasting Company as a spin-off of Family Guy . The series centered on the Browns and Tubbs , two dysfunctional families consisting of parents Cleveland Brown and Donna Tubbs and their children Cleveland Brown , Jr. , Roberta Tubbs , and Rallo Tubbs . Similar to Family Guy , it exhibited much of its humor in the form of cutaway gags that often lampoon American culture . The series was conceived by MacFarlane in 2007 after developing the two animated series Family Guy and American Dad ! for the Fox network . MacFarlane centered the show on Family Guy character Cleveland Brown , his new wife Donna Tubbs , his step-children Rallo and Roberta Tubbs , and his son Cleveland , Jr. , who , in the show , is depicted as an obese , soft-spoken teen , as opposed to his depiction as a younger , hyperactive child with average body weight on Family Guy . The series originally aired from September 27 , 2009 , to May 19 , 2013 , for a total of four seasons and 88 episodes . The Cleveland Show was nominated for one Annie Award , one Primetime Emmy Award , and two Teen Choice Awards , but received mixed reviews from media critics . The series was canceled after its fourth season . Cleveland has since returned to Family Guy , accompanied by the rest of the Brown-Tubbs family , as of the twelfth season episode He 's Bla-ack ! . In July 2010 , the Turner Broadcasting System picked up syndication rights , for their networks TBS and Adult Swim . The series first aired in syndication on Adult Swim on Cartoon Network in the United States on September 29 , 2012 and on MuchMusic in Canada on September 2 , 2013 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Springfield_(The_Simpsons)', 'summary': "Springfield is a fictional town in the American animated sitcom The Simpsons , which serves as its main setting . A mid-sized town in an undetermined state of the United States , Springfield acts as a complete universe in which characters can explore the issues faced by modern society . The geography of the town and its surroundings are flexible , changing to address whatever an episode 's plot calls for . Springfield 's location is impossible to determine , and the show is deliberately evasive on the subject , providing contradictory clues and information about its location ."}, {'url': '/wiki/The_Simpsons', 'summary': "The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life , epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture and society , television , and the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after his own family members , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After three seasons , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became Fox 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989-90 ) . Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , 674 episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . It is the longest-running American sitcom , and the longest-running American scripted primetime television series , both in terms of seasons and number of episodes . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . Then on October 30 , 2007 , a video game was released . The Simpsons was renewed on February 6 , 2019 for a thirty-first and thirty-second season ."}, {'url': '/wiki/The_Simpsons_Guy', 'summary': "The Simpsons Guy is the first episode of the thirteenth season of the American animated television series Family Guy , and the 232nd overall episode . It is a 44-minute-long crossover with The Simpsons , and was written by Patrick Meighan and directed by Peter Shin . It originally aired in the United States on September 28 , 2014 , on Fox , where both The Simpsons and Family Guy have aired since their respective debuts . In the episode , the Griffins meet the Simpsons for the first time and decide to stay with them after the Griffin family 's car is stolen just outside Springfield . After the Griffins get their car back , Peter is taken to court as a representative of the Pawtucket Patriot brewery , his employer , when it is discovered that its ale is an unauthorized copy of Duff Beer . The idea for a crossover episode was suggested by Family Guy executive producer and former Simpsons writer Richard Appel , and the episode was announced by Fox in July 2013 . Five of the six main members of the voice cast of The Simpsons - the exception being Harry Shearer - voiced their characters in the episode . The Simpsons Guy was met with a mixed reception by critics , who had differing opinions on how well the two shows combined ."}]}, {'value': 'Macross universe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Macross', 'summary': 'Macross ( マクロス , Makurosu , English : /məˈkrɒs/ ) is a Japanese science fiction mecha anime media franchise/media mix , created by Studio Nue ( most prominently mechanical designer Shōji Kawamori ) and Artland in 1982 . The franchise features a fictional history of Earth and the human race after the year 1999 , as well as the history of humanoid civilization in the Milky Way . It consists of four TV series , four movies , six OVAs , one light novel , and five manga series , all sponsored by Big West Advertising , in addition to 40 video games set in the Macross universe , 2 crossover games , and a wide variety of physical merchandise . Within the series , the term Macross is used to denote the main capital ship . This theme began in the original Macross , the SDF-1 Macross . Overtechnology refers to the scientific advances discovered in an alien starship ASS-1 ( Alien Star Ship - One later renamed Super Dimension Fortress - One Macross ) that crashed on South Ataria island . Humans were able to reverse engineer the technology to create the mecha ( variable fighters and destroids ) , faster-than-light space fold drive for starships and other advanced technologies that the series features . The first TV series was adapted into the first season of Robotech in 1985 , with edited content and a revised script .'}]}, {'value': 'The Super Dimension Fortress Macross', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Super_Dimension_Fortress_Macross', 'summary': 'Super Dimension Fortress Macross ( Japanese : 超時空要塞マクロス , Hepburn : Chōjikū Yōsai Makurosu , lit . Super Spacetime Fortress Macross ) is an anime television series from 1982 . According to story creator Shoji Kawamori , it depicts a love triangle against the backdrop of great battles during the first Human-alien war . It is the first part of two franchises : The Super Dimension series and Macross series . Macross ( /məˈkrɒs/ ) is a science fiction series that combines transformable mecha , apocalyptic battles , wartime romance , and music . It features mechanical designs by Kazutaka Miyatake and Shoji Kawamori ( both of Studio Nue ) and character designs by Haruhiko Mikimoto of Artland . Macross also created one of the first anime idols Lynn Minmay , turning her voice actress Mari Iijima into an instant celebrity , and launching her musical career . Most of its animation ( with edited content and revised dialogue ) was adapted in the US for the first saga of Robotech .'}]}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Original TV series later adapted into Robotech in North America', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robotech_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Robotech is an American-Japanese 85-episode adaptation of three unrelated anime television series ( from three different fictional universes ) made between 1982-1984 in Japan ; the adaptation was aired in 1985 . Within the combined and edited story , Robotechnology refers to the scientific advances discovered in an alien starship that crashed on a South Pacific island . With this technology , Earth developed giant robotic machines or mecha ( many of which were capable of transforming into vehicles ) to fight three successive extraterrestrial invasions .'}]}, {'value': 'Megazone 23 universe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Megazone_23', 'summary': "Megazone 23 ( メガゾーン23 , Megazōn Tsū Surī ) is a four-part Japanese cyberpunk original video animation created by AIC , written by Hiroyuki Hoshiyama and Emu Arii , and directed by Noboru Ishiguro , Ichiro Itano , Kenichi Yatagai and Shinji Aramaki . The series debuted in 1985 . It was originally titled Omega Zone 23 ( オメガゾーン23 , Omega Zōn Tsū Surī ) but the title was changed just before release . The story follows Shougo Yahagi , a delinquent motorcyclist whose possession of a government prototype bike leads him to discover the truth about the city . Released on the VHS , Betamax , Laserdisc and VHD formats , the first part was a major commercial success upon release in 1985 , selling over 216,000 copies in Japan , mostly to video rental stores . At a price of ¥7,800 , the first part grossed approximately ¥1.7 billion ( $ 21.3 million ) from video sales in Japan . The film 's concept of a simulated reality has drawn comparisons to later films including Dark City ( 1998 ) , The Matrix ( 1999 ) and Existenz ( 1999 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Megazone 23', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Megazone_23', 'summary': "Megazone 23 ( メガゾーン23 , Megazōn Tsū Surī ) is a four-part Japanese cyberpunk original video animation created by AIC , written by Hiroyuki Hoshiyama and Emu Arii , and directed by Noboru Ishiguro , Ichiro Itano , Kenichi Yatagai and Shinji Aramaki . The series debuted in 1985 . It was originally titled Omega Zone 23 ( オメガゾーン23 , Omega Zōn Tsū Surī ) but the title was changed just before release . The story follows Shougo Yahagi , a delinquent motorcyclist whose possession of a government prototype bike leads him to discover the truth about the city . Released on the VHS , Betamax , Laserdisc and VHD formats , the first part was a major commercial success upon release in 1985 , selling over 216,000 copies in Japan , mostly to video rental stores . At a price of ¥7,800 , the first part grossed approximately ¥1.7 billion ( $ 21.3 million ) from video sales in Japan . The film 's concept of a simulated reality has drawn comparisons to later films including Dark City ( 1998 ) , The Matrix ( 1999 ) and Existenz ( 1999 ) ."}]}, {'value': '1985', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Original OVA later adapted into Robotech : The Movie in North America', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Original_video_animation', 'summary': 'Original video animation ( Japanese : オリジナル・ビデオ・アニメーション , Hepburn : Orijinaru bideo animēshon ) , abbreviated as OVA ( オーブイエー / オーヴィーエー / オヴァ , ōbuiē , ōvīē or ova ) and sometimes as OAV ( original animated video ) , are Japanese animated films and series made specially for release in home video formats without prior showings on television or in theatres , though the first part of an OVA series may be broadcast for promotional purposes . OVA titles were originally made available on VHS , later becoming more popular on LaserDisc and eventually DVD . Starting in 2008 , the term OAD ( original animation DVD ) began to refer to DVD releases published bundled with their source-material manga .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Robotech:_The_Movie', 'summary': 'Robotech : The Movie , also called Robotech : The Untold Story , is a 1986 American-Japanese science fiction animated film based on the Robotech TV series and Robotech franchise created by Harmony Gold USA . The film was created by splicing together footage from the Japanese direct-to-video movie Megazone 23 Part I and animated television series Super Dimension Cavalry Southern Cross , and had only a loose connection to the Robotech TV show .'}]}, {'value': 'Marvel Animated Universe', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'X-Men', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/X-Men_(TV_series)', 'summary': "X-Men : The Animated Series ( or simply known as X-Men ) , is an American animated television series which debuted on October 31 , 1992 , in the United States on the Fox Kids Network . X-Men was Marvel Comics ' second attempt at an animated X-Men TV series after the pilot , X-Men : Pryde of the X-Men , was not picked up ."}]}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'TV Series connected by crossovers that are considered counterpart of DC Animated Universe . Consists of X-Men , Fantastic Four , Iron Man , Spider-Man , The Incredible Hulk , Silver Surfer , Spider-Man Unlimited and The Avengers : United They Stand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/X-Men_(TV_series)', 'summary': "X-Men : The Animated Series ( or simply known as X-Men ) , is an American animated television series which debuted on October 31 , 1992 , in the United States on the Fox Kids Network . X-Men was Marvel Comics ' second attempt at an animated X-Men TV series after the pilot , X-Men : Pryde of the X-Men , was not picked up ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Fantastic_Four_(1994_TV_series)', 'summary': "Fantastic Four , also known as Fantastic Four : The Animated Series , is the third animated television series based on Marvel 's comic book series of the same name . Airing began on September 24 , 1994 , until ending on February 24 , 1996 . The series ran for two seasons , with 13 episodes per season , making 26 episodes in total ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Iron_Man_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Iron Man , also known as Iron Man : The Animated Series , is an American animated television series based on Marvel Comics ' superhero Iron Man . The series aired from 1994 to 1996 in syndication as part of The Marvel Action Hour , which packaged Iron Man with another animated series based on Marvel properties , the Fantastic Four , with one half-hour episode from each series airing back-to-back . The show was backed by a toy line that featured many armor variants . This series of Iron Man was among the few television series to be re-recorded in THX . This may have been usual at the time for a motion picture , but it is rare for a television series . Off the heels of the release of the live-action Iron Man film in 2008 , reruns began airing on the Jetix block on Toon Disney ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Spider-Man_(1994_TV_series)', 'summary': 'Spider-Man , also known as Spider-Man : The Animated Series ( Spider-Man TAS for short ) , is an American animated television series based on the Marvel Comics superhero of the same name . The show ran on the Fox Kids Network from November 19 , 1994 , to January 31 , 1998 , and ran reruns on the Jetix block on Toon Disney and on Disney XD . The producer/story editor was John Semper Jr. and the production company was Marvel Films Animation .'}, {'url': '/wiki/The_Incredible_Hulk_(1996_TV_series)', 'summary': "The Incredible Hulk is an American animated television series starring the Marvel Comics character the Hulk . It ran two seasons , for 21 episodes , on the television network UPN from 1996 to 1997 . Lou Ferrigno , who portrayed Universal 's version of the Hulk on the live-action TV series from 1978 to 1982 , provided the Hulk 's voice . The show often featured cameo appearances by characters from other Marvel cartoons of the period . In the second season , the show 's format , after UPN decided that season one was too dark , was changed , and to give female viewers a chance , the network ordered that She-Hulk be made a regular co-star . As a result , the series was officially renamed The Incredible Hulk and She-Hulk . The second season also featured the Grey Hulk , who previously made two cameo appearances in the first season ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Silver_Surfer_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Silver Surfer , also known as Silver Surfer : The Animated Series , is an American-Canadian animated television series based on the Marvel Comics superhero created by Jack Kirby . The series aired for one season on the Fox Kids Network in 1998 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Spider-Man_Unlimited', 'summary': 'Spider-Man Unlimited is an American animated series by Saban Entertainment which features the Marvel comic book superhero Spider-Man . Unlimited premiered in 1999 , and though it had fair ratings , it was overshadowed by Pokémon and the newly debuted Digimon , and canceled after airing only a few episodes . Fox Kids later resumed airing the show from 2000 to 2001 , airing 13 episodes , the last ending on a cliffhanger .'}, {'url': '/wiki/The_Avengers:_United_They_Stand', 'summary': 'The Avengers : United They Stand ( also known simply as The Avengers ) is an animated series based on the Marvel Comics superhero team Avengers . It consists of 13 episodes , which originally premiered on October 30 , 1999 , and was produced by Avi Arad . It was later canceled on February 26 , 2000 . The series features two founding members of the team , Ant-Man and the Wasp , but has also introduced Wonder Man , Tigra , Hawkeye , Falcon , Vision and Scarlet Witch .'}]}, {'value': 'Marvel Animation Universe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marvel_Animation_Universe', 'summary': "Marvel Animation , Inc. ( original the Home Entertainment & TV Production division of Marvel Studios and also referred to as Marvel Family Entertainment ) is an American animation production company . The Marvel Studios subsidiary was incorporated on January 25 , 2008 to direct Marvel 's efforts in animation and home entertainment markets . The incorporated Marvel Animation included then ongoing animation efforts by Marvel Studios with Lionsgate and Nickelodeon . Marvel Animation operated under Marvel Studios , a subsidiary of Walt Disney Studios , a division of The Walt Disney Company ."}]}, {'value': 'Ultimate Spider-Man', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ultimate_Spider-Man_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Ultimate Spider-Man is an American animated television series based on the Spider-Man comics published by Marvel Comics . The series featured writers such as Brian Michael Bendis ( who also writes the comic book series of the same name ) , Paul Dini , and Man of Action ( a group consisting of Steven T. Seagle , Joe Kelly , Joe Casey and Duncan Rouleau ) . The third season was retitled Ultimate Spider-Man : Web-Warriors and the fourth and final season was retitled Ultimate Spider-Man vs. the Sinister 6 . It was first announced to air on Disney XD in early 2012 , and debuted alongside the second season of The Avengers : Earth 's Mightiest Heroes as part of the Marvel Universe programming block on April 1 , 2012 . The series ended on January 7 , 2017 , with the two-part Graduation Day episode ."}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marvel animated series set on Earth-12041', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marvel Anime', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marvel_Anime', 'summary': 'Marvel Anime is a series of four anime television series and two direct-to-video films produced in collaboration between Marvel Entertainment and Japanese animation studio Madhouse . The four twelve-episode series , based on Iron Man , Wolverine , X-Men , and Blade , aired in Japan on Animax between October 2010 and September 2011 . An English-language version aired in North America on G4 between July 2011 and April 2012 . Each of the series , guided by writer Warren Ellis , largely features Japan as the setting for the storyline .'}]}, {'value': 'Iron Man', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/List_of_Marvel_Anime_episodes', 'summary': 'The following is an episode list for Marvel Anime , a four-part series of anime shows as part of a collaboration between Marvel Entertainment and Madhouse . The four series are based on Iron Man , Wolverine , X-Men and Blade . These series had their debut in Japan on Animax , and are airing in North America on G4 and in Australia on Sci Fi . The first series , Iron Man aired in Japan between October 1 , 2010 and December 17 , 2010 . The second series , Wolverine , aired in Japan between January 7 , 2011 and March 25 , 2011 . Both series aired in English on G4 between July 23 , 2011 , and October 14 , 2011 . The third series , X-Men , aired in Japan between April 1 , 2011 and June 24 , 2011 and aired in English on G4 from October 21 , 2011 , to January 6 , 2012 . The fourth and final series , Blade , aired in Japan between July 1 , 2011 and September 16 , 2011 , and aired in English on G4 from January 13 , 2012 , to April 2 , 2012 .'}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The setting for four anime television series and two direct-to-video films produced in collaboration between Marvel Entertainment and Japanese animation studio Madhouse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anime', 'summary': "Anime ( US : /ˈænəˌmeɪ/ , UK : /ˈænɪˌmeɪ/ ) ( Japanese : アニメ , Hepburn : anime , [ aɲime ] ( listen ) , plural : anime ) [ a ] is hand-drawn and computer animation originating from or associated with Japan . The word anime is the Japanese term for animation , which means all forms of animated media . Outside Japan , anime refers specifically to animation from Japan or as a Japanese-disseminated animation style often characterized by colorful graphics , vibrant characters and fantastical themes . The culturally abstract approach to the word 's meaning may open up the possibility of anime produced in countries other than Japan . Many Westerners strictly view anime as a Japanese animation product . Some scholars suggest defining anime as specifically or quintessentially Japanese may be related to a new form of Orientalism . The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917 , and Japanese anime production has since continued to increase steadily . The characteristic anime art style emerged in the 1960s with the works of Osamu Tezuka and spread internationally in the late twentieth century , developing a large domestic and international audience . Anime is distributed theatrically , by way of television broadcasts , directly to home media , and over the Internet . It is classified into numerous genres targeting diverse broad and niche audiences . Anime is a diverse art form with distinctive production methods and techniques that have been adapted over time in response to emergent technologies . It combines graphic art , characterization , cinematography , and other forms of imaginative and individualistic techniques ."}]}, {'value': 'Marvel Productions Universe', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spider-Man', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spider-Man_(1981_TV_series)', 'summary': 'Spider-Man is an American animated TV series based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name .'}]}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Setting of Spider-Man , Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends and The Incredible Hulk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spider-Man_(1981_TV_series)', 'summary': 'Spider-Man is an American animated TV series based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Spider-Man_and_His_Amazing_Friends', 'summary': 'Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends is an American animated television series produced by Marvel Productions , considered to be a crossover series connected to 1981 Spider-Man series . The show stars already-established Marvel Comics characters Spider-Man and Iceman , plus an original character , Firestar . As a trio called the Spider-Friends , they fought against various villains of the Marvel Universe .'}, {'url': '/wiki/The_Incredible_Hulk_(1982_TV_series)', 'summary': "The Incredible Hulk is an animated television series based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name . The series ran for 13 episodes on NBC in 1982 , The series aired from 1996 to 1998 in CBBC as part of The Marvel Action Hour ( UK ) part of a combined hour with Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends ( as The Incredible Hulk and the Amazing Spider-Man ) . Compared to the live-action The Incredible Hulk television series from Universal , this series followed the Hulk comic books much more closely , particularly with regard to the Hulk 's origin , the supporting cast ( though Rio and his only daughter Rita do not appear in the comics ) , and the heavy use of fantastical elements . This was the second Hulk animated series : in 1966 , the Hulk appeared in 13 seven-minute segments as part of TV 's The Marvel Super Heroes ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Animation', 'section_text': 'This is a partial list of fictional universes created for animated films or series .', 'uid': 'List_of_fictional_universes_in_animation_and_comics_0', 'intro': 'This is a partial list of fictional universes created for comic books and animated film and television.'}
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Which television channel did the animated series that took place on Earth-12041 originally air on ?
Disney XD
04c29b1ee7aa56be
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_flag_bearers_for_Cuba_at_the_Olympics', 'title': 'List of flag bearers for Cuba at the Olympics', 'header': ['#', 'Event year', 'Season', 'Flag bearer', 'Sport'], 'data': [{'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2016 Summer Olympics ( Portuguese : Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2016 ) , [ a ] officially known as the Games of the XXXI Olympiad ( Portuguese : Jogos da XXXI Olimpíada ) and commonly known as Rio 2016 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 5 to 21 August 2016 in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , with preliminary events in some sports beginning on 3 August . These were the first Olympic Games ever to be held in South America and the fourth to be held in a developing country , after the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico , the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union , and the 2008 Summer Olympics in China . More than 11,000 athletes from 205 National Olympic Committees took part , including first time entrants Kosovo , South Sudan , and the Refugee Olympic Team . With 306 sets of medals , the games featured 28 Olympic sports , including rugby sevens and golf , which were added to the Olympic program in 2009 . These sporting events took place at 33 venues in the host city and at five separate venues in the Brazilian cities of São Paulo , Belo Horizonte , Salvador , Brasília , and Manaus . These were the first Summer Olympic Games to take place under the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) presidency of Thomas Bach . The host city Rio de Janeiro was announced at the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen , Denmark , on 2 October 2009 . Rio became the first South American city ever to host the Olympic Games . These were the first games to be held in a Portuguese-speaking country , the first summer edition to be held entirely in the host country 's winter season , the first since 1968 to be held in Latin America , and the first since 2000 to be held in the Southern Hemisphere . The United States topped the medal table , winning the most gold and overall medals , 46 and 121 , as well as its 1,000th Summer Olympic gold medal overall . Great Britain finished second and became only the second country in modern Olympic history to increase its tally of medals in the Olympiad immediately after it had been host nation . China finished third ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mijaín López', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mijaín_López', 'summary': 'Mijaín López Núñez ( born 20 August 1982 ) is a Cuban Greco-Roman wrestler . He is a three-time Olympic gold medalist , five-time World Champion , and five-time Champion of Pan American Games . He is a younger brother of Michel López Núñez , a Cuban amataur boxer .'}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Wrestling at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro took place from 14 to 21 August at the Carioca Arena 2 in Barra da Tijuca . Wrestling had been split into two disciplines , freestyle and Greco-Roman , which were further divided into different weight categories . Men competed in both disciplines whereas women only participated in the freestyle events , with 18 gold medals awarded . Wrestling had been contested at every modern Summer Olympic Games , except Paris 1900 . Around 344 wrestlers competed in 18 events at the 2016 Summer Olympics . In September 2013 , a new change to the rules and guidelines of the sport had been instituted and overhauled by the International Olympic Committee and FILA ( now known as the United World Wrestling ) . A single Olympic weight class was removed each from the men 's freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling to add two more weights for the women . Other changes in wrestling at these Games also featured a single-round tournament within a six-minute limit , instead of two-round or tiebreaker ."}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2012 Summer Olympics , formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London , United Kingdom . The first event , the group stage in women 's football , began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff , followed by the opening ceremony on 27 July . 10,768 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) participated . Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe and then-Mayor of London Ken Livingstone , London was selected as the host city on 6 July 2005 during the 117th IOC Session in Singapore , defeating bids from Moscow , New York City , Madrid , and Paris . London became the first city to host the modern Olympics three times , having previously hosted the Summer Games in 1908 and in 1948 . Construction for the Games involved considerable redevelopment , with an emphasis on sustainability . The main focus was a new 200-hectare ( 490-acre ) Olympic Park , constructed on a former industrial site at Stratford , East London . The Games also made use of venues that already existed before the bid . The Games received general praise for their organisation , with the volunteers , the British military and public enthusiasm praised particularly highly . The opening ceremony , directed by Danny Boyle , received widespread acclaim throughout the world , particular praise from the British public and a minority of widely ranging criticisms from some social media sites . During the Games , Michael Phelps became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time , winning his 22nd medal . Saudi Arabia , Qatar , and Brunei entered female athletes for the first time , so that every currently eligible country has sent a female competitor to at least one Olympic Games ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mijaín López', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mijaín_López', 'summary': 'Mijaín López Núñez ( born 20 August 1982 ) is a Cuban Greco-Roman wrestler . He is a three-time Olympic gold medalist , five-time World Champion , and five-time Champion of Pan American Games . He is a younger brother of Michel López Núñez , a Cuban amataur boxer .'}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Wrestling at the 2012 Summer Olympics were held between 5 and 12 August , the final day of the Games , at ExCeL London . It was split into two disciplines , Freestyle and Greco-Roman which were further divided into different weight categories . Men competed in both disciplines whereas women only took part in the freestyle events , with 18 gold medals awarded . Wrestling has been contested at every modern Summer Olympic Games , except Paris 1900 .'}]}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2008 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad ( Chinese : 第二十九届夏季奥林匹克运动会 ; pinyin : Dì Èrshíjiǔ Jiè Xiàjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì ) and commonly known as Beijing 2008 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 8 to 24 August 2008 in Beijing , China . [ b ] A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) competed in 28 sports and 302 events ( one event more than those scheduled for the 2004 Summer Olympics ) . This was the first time that China had hosted the Summer Olympics , but the third time that the Games had been held in East Asia , following the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo , Japan , and the Seoul 1988 Summer Olympics . These were the second summer Olympic Games staged in a Communist country , after the Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics and the third in a developing country after the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union and the first overall Olympics to be hosted by a Communist state since the former Yugoslavia hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo . Beijing was awarded the 2008 Games over four competitors on 13 July 2001 , having won a majority of votes from members of the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) after two rounds of voting . The Government of the People 's Republic of China promoted the Games and invested heavily in new facilities and transport systems . A total of 37 venues were used to host the events , including twelve constructed specifically for the 2008 Olympics . The equestrian events were held in Hong Kong , making this the third Olympics for which the events were held under the jurisdiction of two different NOCs . [ c ] The sailing events were contested in Qingdao , while the football events took place across several different cities . The official logo for the 2008 Games , titled Dancing Beijing , featured a stylised calligraphic character jīng ( 京 , means capital ) in reference to the host city . The Beijing Olympics was watched by 3,500,000,000 people worldwide and featured the longest distance for an Olympic Torch relay . The event sets numerous world and Olympics records in the history of sports , and is also the most expensive Summer Olympics of all time and second-most expensive overall , after the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mijaín López', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mijaín_López', 'summary': 'Mijaín López Núñez ( born 20 August 1982 ) is a Cuban Greco-Roman wrestler . He is a three-time Olympic gold medalist , five-time World Champion , and five-time Champion of Pan American Games . He is a younger brother of Michel López Núñez , a Cuban amataur boxer .'}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Wrestling competitions at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , China , were held at the China Agricultural University Gymnasium from 12-21 August 2008 . It was split into two disciplines , Freestyle and Greco-Roman which are further divided into different weight categories . Men competed in both disciplines whereas women only took part in the freestyle events with 18 gold medals being awarded . This was the second Olympics with women 's wrestling as an event ."}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2004 Summer Olympics ( Greek : Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2004 , Therinoí Olympiakoí Agónes 2004 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad and commonly known as Athens 2004 , was a premier international multi-sport event held in Athens , Greece , from 13 to 29 August 2004 with the motto Welcome Home . The Games saw 10,625 athletes compete , some 600 more than expected , accompanied by 5,501 team officials from 201 countries . There were 301 medal events in 28 different sports . Athens 2004 marked the first time since the 1996 Summer Olympics that all countries with a National Olympic Committee were in attendance . 2004 also marked the return of the Olympic Games to the city where they began . Having previously hosted the Olympics in 1896 , Athens became one of only four cities to have hosted the Summer Olympic Games on two separate occasions at the time ( together with Paris , London , and Los Angeles ) . A new medal obverse was introduced at these Games , replacing the design by Giuseppe Cassioli that had been used since the 1928 Games . This rectified the long lasting mistake of using a depiction of the Roman Colosseum rather than a Greek venue . The new design features the Panathenaic Stadium . The 2004 Summer Games were hailed as unforgettable , dream games by IOC President Jacques Rogge , and left Athens with a significantly improved infrastructure , including a new airport , ring road , and subway system . There have been arguments ( mostly in popular media ) regarding the cost of the 2004 Athens Summer Games and their possible contribution to the 2010-2018 Greek government-debt crisis , however , there is little or no evidence for such a correlation . The 2004 Olympics were generally deemed to be a success , with the rising standard of competition amongst nations across the world .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iván Pedroso', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iván_Pedroso', 'summary': 'Iván Lázaro Pedroso Soler ( Spanish pronunciation : [ iˈβan peˈðɾoso ] ; born December 17 , 1972 ) is a retired Cuban track and field athlete , who specialized in the long jump , and the current coach of Nelson Évora , Yulimar Rojas and Ana Peleteiro .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2000 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVII Olympiad and commonly known as Sydney 2000 or the Millennium Olympic Games/Games of the New Millennium , was an international multi-sport event held between 15 September and 1 October 2000 in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . It was the second time the Summer Olympics were held in Australia , and also the Southern Hemisphere , the first being in Melbourne , Victoria , in 1956 .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Félix Savón', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Félix_Savón', 'summary': 'Félix Savón Fabre ( born September 22 , 1967 ) is a retired Cuban amateur boxer , who competed from 1980 to 2000 . Considered one of the all-time greatest amateur boxers , he became three-time Olympic gold medalist , and the World Champion six times in a row , all in the heavyweight division . In 1988 , when he was favored by many to win the gold medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics , Cuban government boycotted the event . Savón is particularly known for having rejected numerous multimillion-dollar offers to defect , leave Cuba permanently to fight Mike Tyson as a professional .'}]}, {'value': 'Boxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The boxing competition at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , Australia was held at the Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre in Darling Harbour . The event was only open to men and bouts were contested over four rounds of two minutes each . Five judges scored the fighters in real time and the boxer with the most points at the end was the winner . Like other Olympic combat sports , two bronze medals are awarded ; in the case of boxing , both losing semi-finalists receive a bronze medal , with no further play-off . As a result , the quarter-final essentially equates to a bronze medal match , a semi-final to a silver medal match , and the final to a gold medal match . 48 medals are therefore available , half of which are bronze medals .'}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1996 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad , commonly known as Atlanta 1996 , and also referred to as the Centennial Olympic Games , were an international multi-sport event that was held from July 19 to August 4 , 1996 , in Atlanta , Georgia , U.S . These Games , which were the fourth Summer Olympics to be hosted by the United States , marked the centennial of the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens - the inaugural edition of the modern Olympic Games . They were also the first since 1924 to be held in a different year from a Winter Olympics , under a new IOC practice implemented in 1994 to hold the Summer and Winter Games in alternating , even-numbered years . More than 10,000 athletes from 197 National Olympic Committees competed in 26 sports , including the Olympic debuts of beach volleyball , mountain biking , and softball , as well as the new disciplines of lightweight rowing and women 's football ( soccer ) . 24 countries made their Summer Olympic debut in Atlanta , including eleven former Soviet republics participating for the first time as independent nations . The hosting United States led the medal count with a total of 101 medals , and the most gold ( 44 ) and silver ( 32 ) medals out of all countries . The U.S. topped the medal count for the first time since 1984 , and for the first time since 1968 in a non-boycotted Summer Olympics . Notable performances during competition included those of Andre Agassi - who became the first men 's singles tennis player to combine a career Grand Slam with an Olympic gold medal , Donovan Bailey - who set a new world record of 9.84 for the men 's 100 meters , and Lilia Podkopayeva - who became the second gymnast to win an individual event gold after winning the all-round title in the same Olympics . The festivities were marred by violence on July 27 , when Eric Rudolph detonated pipe bombs at Centennial Olympic Park - a downtown park that was built to serve as a public focal point for the Games ' festivities , killing 1 and injuring 111 . In 2003 , Rudolph confessed to the bombing and a series of related attacks on abortion centers and a gay bar , and was sentenced to life in prison . He claimed that the bombing was meant to protest the U.S. government 's sanctioning of abortion on demand . The Games turned a profit , helped by record revenue from sponsorship deals and broadcast rights , and reliance on private funding ( as opposed to the extensive public funding used on later Olympics ) , among other factors ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rolando Tucker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rolando_Tucker', 'summary': 'Rolando Tucker ( born 31 December 1971 ) is a Cuban fencer . He won a bronze medal in the team foil event at the 1996 Summer Olympics . He won the 1994 World Championships .'}]}, {'value': 'Fencing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1996 Summer Olympics , ten fencing events were contested .'}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1992 Summer Olympics ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1992 , Catalan : Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1992 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Barcelona , Spain from 25 July to 9 August 1992 . Beginning in 1994 , the International Olympic Committee decided to hold the Summer and Winter Olympics in alternating even-numbered years . The 1992 Summer Olympics was the last occasion for the Summer and Winter Olympics to be staged in the same year . This Olympiad was the first since the end of the Cold War , and was unaffected by boycotts for the first time since the 1972 Olympiad . The Unified Team topped the medal table , winning 45 gold and 112 overall medals ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Héctor Milián', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Héctor_Milián', 'summary': 'Héctor Milián ( born 1968 ) is a Cuban wrestler . He won an Olympic gold medal in Greco-Roman wrestling in 1992 . He won a gold medal at the 1991 World Wrestling Championships .'}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona , 20 wrestling events were contested , for men only . There were 10 weight classes in each of the freestyle wrestling and Greco-Roman wrestling disciplines .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1980', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1980 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad ( Russian : И́гры XXII Олимпиа́ды , tr . Igry XXII Olimpiady ) , was an international multi-sport event held in Moscow , Soviet Union , in present-day Russia . The 1980 Games were the first Olympic Games to be staged in Eastern Europe , and remain the only Summer Olympics held there , as well as the first Olympic Games to be held in a Slavic language-speaking country . They were also the only Olympic Games to be held in a communist country until 2008 in China . These were the final Olympic Games under the IOC Presidency of Michael Morris , 3rd Baron Killanin . Eighty nations were represented at the Moscow Games - the smallest number since 1956 . Led by the United States , 66 countries boycotted the games entirely because of the Soviet-Afghan War . Some athletes from some of the boycotting countries ( they are not included in the list of 66 countries that boycotted the games entirely ) participated in the games under the Olympic Flag . The Soviet Union would later boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals , with the USSR and East Germany winning 127 out of 204 available golds .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Teófilo Stevenson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Teófilo_Stevenson', 'summary': 'Teófilo Stevenson Lawrence ( 29 March 1952 - 11 June 2012 ) was a Cuban amateur boxer , who competed from 1966 to 1986 . He won the Val Barker Trophy ( 1972 ) and was honoured with the Olympic Order ( 1987 ) . Stevenson is one of only three boxers to win three Olympic gold medals , alongside Hungarian László Papp and fellow Cuban Félix Savón . He might have become a five-time Olympic champion had the Cuban authorities allowed the Cuban boxing team to participate in the 1984 and 1988 Summer Olympics , which they boycotted . >'}]}, {'value': 'Boxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1980_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "Boxing at the 1980 Summer Olympics took place at the Indoor Stadium of the Olympiski Sports Complex in Moscow from 20 July to 2 August . Eleven boxing events ( all men 's individual ) were contested with the participation of 271 fighters from 51 countries ."}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1976', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1976 Summer Olympics , officially called the Games of the XXI Olympiad ( French : Les XXIes olympiques d'été ) , was an international multi-sport event in Montreal , Quebec , Canada , in 1976 , and the first Olympic Games held in Canada . Montreal was awarded the rights to the 1976 Games on May 12 , 1970 , at the 69th IOC Session in Amsterdam , over the bids of Moscow and Los Angeles . It was the first and , so far , only Summer Olympic Games to be held in Canada . Calgary and Vancouver later hosted the Winter Olympic Games in 1988 and 2010 , respectively . Twenty-nine countries , mostly African , boycotted the Montreal Games when the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) refused to ban New Zealand , after the New Zealand national rugby union team had toured South Africa earlier in 1976 in defiance of the United Nations ' calls for a sporting embargo . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Teófilo Stevenson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Teófilo_Stevenson', 'summary': 'Teófilo Stevenson Lawrence ( 29 March 1952 - 11 June 2012 ) was a Cuban amateur boxer , who competed from 1966 to 1986 . He won the Val Barker Trophy ( 1972 ) and was honoured with the Olympic Order ( 1987 ) . Stevenson is one of only three boxers to win three Olympic gold medals , alongside Hungarian László Papp and fellow Cuban Félix Savón . He might have become a five-time Olympic champion had the Cuban authorities allowed the Cuban boxing team to participate in the 1984 and 1988 Summer Olympics , which they boycotted . >'}]}, {'value': 'Boxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1976_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'There were eleven boxing events at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal , Quebec , Canada . The competition was held from 18 to 31 July with the participation of 266 fighters from 54 countries .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1972_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1972 Summer Olympics ( German : Olympische Sommerspiele 1972 ) , officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Munich , West Germany , from 26 August to 11 September 1972 . The sporting nature of the event was largely overshadowed by the Munich massacre in the second week , in which eleven Israeli athletes and coaches and a West German police officer at Olympic village were killed by Black September terrorists . The 1972 Summer Olympics were the second Summer Olympics to be held in Germany , after the 1936 Games in Berlin , which had taken place under the Nazi regime . The West German Government had been eager to have the Munich Olympics present a democratic and optimistic Germany to the world , as shown by the Games ' official motto , Die Heiteren Spiele , or the cheerful Games . The logo of the Games was a blue solar logo ( the Bright Sun ) by Otl Aicher , the designer and director of the visual conception commission . The Olympic mascot , the dachshund Waldi , was the first officially named Olympic mascot . The Olympic Fanfare was composed by Herbert Rehbein . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals . The Olympic Park ( Olympiapark ) is based on Frei Otto 's plans and after the Games became a Munich landmark . The competition sites , designed by architect Günther Behnisch , included the Olympic swimming hall , the Olympics Hall ( Olympiahalle , a multipurpose facility ) and the Olympic Stadium ( Olympiastadion ) , and an Olympic village very close to the park . The design of the stadium was considered revolutionary , with sweeping canopies of acrylic glass stabilized by metal ropes , used on such a large scale for the first time ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Teófilo Stevenson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Teófilo_Stevenson', 'summary': 'Teófilo Stevenson Lawrence ( 29 March 1952 - 11 June 2012 ) was a Cuban amateur boxer , who competed from 1966 to 1986 . He won the Val Barker Trophy ( 1972 ) and was honoured with the Olympic Order ( 1987 ) . Stevenson is one of only three boxers to win three Olympic gold medals , alongside Hungarian László Papp and fellow Cuban Félix Savón . He might have become a five-time Olympic champion had the Cuban authorities allowed the Cuban boxing team to participate in the 1984 and 1988 Summer Olympics , which they boycotted . >'}]}, {'value': 'Boxing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1972_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'These are the final results for the boxing competition at the 1972 Summer Olympics . The competition was held from 27 August to 10 September with the participation of 354 fighters from 80 countries .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1968', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1968_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1968 Summer Olympics ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1968 ) , officially known as the Games of the XIX Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Mexico City , Mexico , from October 12 to the 27th . These were the first Olympic Games to be staged in Latin America and the first to be staged in a Spanish-speaking country . They were the first Games to use an all-weather ( smooth ) track for track and field events instead of the traditional cinder track . The 1968 Games were the third to be held in the last quarter of the year , after the 1956 Games in Melbourne and the 1964 Games in Tokyo . The Mexican Student Movement of 1968 happened concurrently and the Olympic Games were correlated to the government 's repression . The United States won the most gold and overall medals for the last time until 1984 ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Héctor Ramírez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Héctor_Ramírez_(gymnast)', 'summary': 'Héctor Ramírez ( born 31 January 1943 ) is a Cuban gymnast . He competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics and the 1968 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Gymnastics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1968 Summer Olympics , fourteen different artistic gymnastics events were contested , eight for men and six for women . All events were held at the National Auditorium in Mexico City from October 21 through October 26 .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1964', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1964 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XVIII Olympiad ( Japanese : 第十八回オリンピック競技大会 , Hepburn : Dai Jūhachi-kai Orinpikku Kyōgi Taikai ) , was an international multi-sport event held in Tokyo , Japan , from 10 to 24 October 1964 . Tokyo had been awarded the organization of the 1940 Summer Olympics , but this honour was subsequently passed to Helsinki because of Japan 's invasion of China , before ultimately being cancelled because of World War II . The 1964 Summer Games were the first Olympics held in Asia , and the first time South Africa was barred from taking part due to its apartheid system in sports . ( South Africa was , however , allowed to compete at the 1964 Summer Paralympics , also held in Tokyo , where it made its Paralympic Games debut . ) Tokyo was chosen as the host city during the 55th IOC Session in West Germany , on 26 May 1959 . These games were also the first to be telecast internationally without the need for tapes to be flown overseas , as they had been for the 1960 Olympics four years earlier . The games were telecast to the United States using Syncom 3 , the first geostationary communication satellite , and from there to Europe using Relay 1 . These were also the first Olympic Games to have color telecasts , albeit partially . Certain events like the sumo wrestling and judo matches , sports huge in Japan , were tried out using Toshiba 's new colour transmission system , but only for the domestic market . History surrounding the 1964 Olympics was chronicled in the 1965 documentary film Tokyo Olympiad , directed by Kon Ichikawa . The games were scheduled for mid-October to avoid the city 's midsummer heat and humidity and the September typhoon season . The previous Olympics in Rome in 1960 started in late August and experienced hot weather ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ernesto Varona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ernesto_Varona', 'summary': "Ernesto Varona ( born 7 November 1940 ) is a Cuban weightlifter . He competed in the men 's heavyweight event at the 1964 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Weightlifting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1964_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The weightlifting competition at the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo consisted of seven weight classes , all for men only . It also counted as 1964 World Weightlifting Championships .'}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1960', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1960_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1960 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XVII Olympiad ( Italian : Giochi della XVII Olimpiade ) , was an international multi-sport event that was held from August 25 to September 11 , 1960 , in Rome , Italy . The city of Rome had previously been awarded the administration of the 1908 Summer Olympics , but following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 1906 , Rome had no choice but to decline and pass the honour to London . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'José Yañez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/José_Yañez', 'summary': "José Yañez ( born 19 March 1932 ) is a Cuban wrestler . He competed in the men 's freestyle lightweight at the 1960 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1960_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1960 Summer Olympics , 16 wrestling events were contested , all for men . There were eight weight classes in Greco-Roman wrestling and eight classes in freestyle wrestling .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1956', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1956_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1956 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XVI Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event that was held in Melbourne , Victoria , Australia from 22 November to 8 December 1956 , with the exception of the equestrian events , which were held in Stockholm , Sweden in June 1956 . These Games were the first to be staged in the Southern Hemisphere and Oceania , as well as the first to be held outside Europe and North America . Melbourne is the most southerly city ever to host the Olympics . Due to the Southern Hemisphere 's seasons being different from those in the Northern Hemisphere , the 1956 Games did not take place at the usual time of year , because of the need to hold the events during the warmer weather of the host 's spring/summer ( which corresponds to the Northern Hemisphere 's autumn/winter ) . The Olympic equestrian events could not be held in Melbourne due to Australia 's strict quarantine regulations , so they were held in Stockholm five months earlier . This was the second time that the Olympics were not held entirely in one country , the first being the 1920 Summer Olympics , which were held in Antwerp , Belgium , with some events taking place in Ostend , Belgium and Amsterdam , Netherlands . Despite uncertainties and various complications encountered during the preparations , the 1956 Games went ahead in Melbourne as planned and turned out to be a success . The enduring tradition of national teams parading as one during the closing ceremony was started at these Olympics . Several teams boycotted the Games in protest of the IOC 's rejection to suspend the USSR after their invasion of Hungary . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manuel Sanguily', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manuel_Sanguily', 'summary': 'Manuel Sanguily ( born 7 February 1933 ) is a Cuban former swimmer who competed in the 1952 Summer Olympics and in the 1956 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1956_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne , 13 swimming events were contested , seven for men and six for women . There was a total of 235 participants from 33 countries competing . For the first time , the butterfly stroke was contested as a separate event . Australia dominated the medal standings with a total of 8 out of a possible 13 gold medals , eventually finishing with 14 medals overall .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1952', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1952_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1952 Summer Olympics ( Finnish : Kesäolympialaiset 1952 ; Swedish : Olympiska sommarspelen 1952 ) , officially known as the Games of the XV Olympiad , were an international multi-sport event held in Helsinki , Finland , from July 19 to August 3 , 1952 . Helsinki had been earlier selected to host the 1940 Summer Olympics , which were cancelled due to World War II . It is the northernmost city at which a summer Olympic Games have been held . These were the first games to be held in a non-Indo-European language speaking country . It was also the Olympic Games at which the most number of world records were broken until it was surpassed by the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing . The Soviet Union , the People 's Republic of China , Hong Kong , Indonesia , Israel , Thailand , and Saarland made their Olympic debuts in Helsinki 1952 . The United States won the most gold and overall medals ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fico López', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Federico_López_Garviso', 'summary': "Federico López ( born 5 May 1918 ) was a Cuban basketball player . He competed in the men 's tournament at the 1948 Summer Olympics and the 1952 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Basketball', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Basketball_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Basketball at the 1952 Summer Olympics was the third appearance of the sport of basketball as an official Olympic medal event . 23 nations entered the competition . The top six teams at the 1948 Summer Olympics qualified automatically , as did the winners of the 1950 FIBA World Championship ( Argentina ) , the top two teams at the 1951 EuroBasket ( USSR and Czechoslovakia ) , and the host country ( Finland ) . Thirteen other nations competed in a preliminary round to determine the last six places in the sixteen-team Olympic tournament .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1948', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1948 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XIV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event which was held in London , United Kingdom from 29 July to 14 August 1948 . After a twelve-year hiatus caused by the outbreak of World War II ; these were the first Summer Olympics held since the 1936 Games in Berlin . The 1940 Olympic Games had been scheduled for Tokyo , and then for Helsinki ; the 1944 Olympic Games had been provisionally planned for London . This was the second occasion that London had hosted the Olympic Games , having previously hosted them in 1908 , forty years earlier . The Olympics would again return to London 64 years later in 2012 , making London the first city to have hosted the games three times , and the only such city until Paris and Los Angeles host their third games in 2024 and 2028 , respectively . The 1948 Olympic Games were the first of two summer Olympic Games held under the IOC presidency of Sigfrid Edström . The event came to be known as the Austerity Games , because of the difficult economic climate and rationing imposed in the aftermath of World War II . No new venues were built for the games ( with events taking place mainly at Empire Stadium and the Empire Pool at Wembley Park ) , and athletes were housed in existing accommodation at the Wembley area instead of an Olympic Village , as were the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games and the subsequent 1952 Games in Helsinki . A record 59 nations were represented by 4,104 athletes , 3,714 men and 390 women , in 19 sport disciplines . Germany and Japan were not invited to participate in the games ; the Soviet Union was invited but chose not to send any athletes , sending observers instead to prepare for the 1952 Olympics . One of the star performers at the Games was Dutch sprinter Fanny Blankers-Koen . Dubbed The Flying Housewife , the thirty-year-old mother of two won four gold medals in athletics .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Raúl García', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Raúl_García_(basketball)', 'summary': "Raúl García ( born 15 September 1924 ) was a Cuban basketball player . He competed in the men 's tournament at the 1948 Summer Olympics and the 1952 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Basketball', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Basketball_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Basketball at the 1948 Summer Olympics was the second appearance of the sport of basketball as an official Olympic medal event . A total number of 23 nations entered the competition . Olympic basketball returned to indoor competition in Harringay Arena , after the disastrous weather conditions of the final game in the 1936 Summer Olympics .'}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1924', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1924 Summer Olympics ( French : Les Jeux olympiques d'été de 1924 ) , officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad , were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris , France . It was the second time Paris hosted the games , after 1900 . The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids , and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam , Barcelona , Los Angeles , Prague , and Rome . The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921 . The cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000₣ . With total receipts at 5,496,610₣ , the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time . The United States won the most gold and overall medals , having 229 athletes competing compared to France 's 401 ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ramón Fonst', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ramón_Fonst', 'summary': 'Ramón Fonst Segundo ( July 31 , 1883 - September 9 , 1959 ) was a Cuban fencer who competed in the early 20th century . He was one of the greatest world fencers , individual and by team ; he was born and died in Havana .'}]}, {'value': 'Fencing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fencing_at_the_1924_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "At the 1924 Summer Olympics , seven fencing events were contested . A women 's event , the individual foil , was held for the first time ."}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'Cuba at theOlympicsIOC codeCUBNOCCuban Olympic CommitteeMedals Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 Summer appearances190019041908–1920192419281932–19361948195219561960196419681972197619801984–198819921996200020042008201220162020 This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Cuba at the Olympics . [ 1 ] Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games .', 'uid': 'List_of_flag_bearers_for_Cuba_at_the_Olympics_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Cuba at the Olympics. Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games.'}
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Which city hosted the Olympics when the flag bearer for Cuba was Héctor Ramírez ?
Mexico City
04c4a0b06ed55a2f
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IWRG_Rey_del_Ring', 'title': 'IWRG Rey del Ring', 'header': ['Year', 'Winner', 'Date', 'Location'], 'data': [{'value': '2002', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rey_del_Ring_(2002)', 'summary': 'The IWRG Rey del Ring ( Spanish for King of the Ring ) refers both to an annual tournament and a professional wrestling championship promoted by the Mexican Lucha libre professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group ( IWRG ) . From 2002 until 2011 the IWRG Rey del Ring only referred to an annual 30-man tournament , but as of the 2011 tournament there is also a physical championship belt that is and can be defended throughout the year . As it is a professional wrestling championship , the championship was not won not by actual competition , but by a scripted ending to a match determined by the bookers and match makers . [ a ] On occasion the promotion declares a championship vacant , which means there is no champion at that point in time . This can either be due to a storyline , [ b ] or real life issues such as a champion suffering an injury being unable to defend the championship , [ c ] or leaving the company . [ d ]'}]}, {'value': 'Último Vampiro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Último_Vampiro', 'summary': "Último Vampiro ( Spanish for Last Vampire ) is a wrestling gimmick or character played by at least five people over the years . The character has always started out as an enmascarado , or masked wrestler and only on one occasion has the person playing the Último Vampiro lost his mask . The character is a portrayed as a Vampire and included a mask with stylized bat ears and generally using a black and gray color scheme on the mask and full body suit . The character has primarily been used in International Wrestling Revolution Group ( IWRG ) and on some locally promoted events . The only exception was the third Último Vampiro who used it while working for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre ( CMLL ) one of Mexico 's largest promotions ."}]}, {'value': 'June 9 , 2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naucalpan , State of Mexico , Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naucalpan,_State_of_Mexico', 'summary': 'Naucalpan , officially Naucalpan de Juárez , is a city and municipality located just northwest of Mexico City in the adjoining State of Mexico . The name Naucalpan comes from Nahuatl and means place of the four neighborhoods or four houses . Juárez was added to the official name in 1874 in honor of Benito Juárez . The history of the area begins with the Tlatilica who settled on the edges of the Hondo River between 1700 and 600 B.C.E. , but it was the Aztecs who gave it its current name when they dominated it from the 15th century until the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire . Naucalpan claims to be the area where Hernán Cortés rested on the Noche Triste as they fled Tenochtitlan in 1520 , but this is disputed . It is the home of the Virgin of Los Remedios , a small image of the Virgin Mary which is strongly associated with the Conquest and is said to have been left here . Today , the city of Naucalpan is actually larger than the municipality itself , with part of it extending into neighboring Huixquilucan Municipality . It is a major center of industry in Mexico . It is , however , best known as the location of Ciudad Satélite , a development from the 1960s and the site of the Toreo de Cuatro Caminos bullring , which was demolished in the 2010s to build the Toreo Parque Central mixed-use development . The only unurbanized areas of the municipality are the Los Remedios National Park and a number of ejidos , but the lack of housing has put serious pressure on these areas .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mexico', 'summary': 'Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .'}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Unknown', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naucalpan , State of Mexico , Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naucalpan,_State_of_Mexico', 'summary': 'Naucalpan , officially Naucalpan de Juárez , is a city and municipality located just northwest of Mexico City in the adjoining State of Mexico . The name Naucalpan comes from Nahuatl and means place of the four neighborhoods or four houses . Juárez was added to the official name in 1874 in honor of Benito Juárez . The history of the area begins with the Tlatilica who settled on the edges of the Hondo River between 1700 and 600 B.C.E. , but it was the Aztecs who gave it its current name when they dominated it from the 15th century until the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire . Naucalpan claims to be the area where Hernán Cortés rested on the Noche Triste as they fled Tenochtitlan in 1520 , but this is disputed . It is the home of the Virgin of Los Remedios , a small image of the Virgin Mary which is strongly associated with the Conquest and is said to have been left here . Today , the city of Naucalpan is actually larger than the municipality itself , with part of it extending into neighboring Huixquilucan Municipality . It is a major center of industry in Mexico . It is , however , best known as the location of Ciudad Satélite , a development from the 1960s and the site of the Toreo de Cuatro Caminos bullring , which was demolished in the 2010s to build the Toreo Parque Central mixed-use development . The only unurbanized areas of the municipality are the Los Remedios National Park and a number of ejidos , but the lack of housing has put serious pressure on these areas .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mexico', 'summary': 'Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .'}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rey_del_Ring_(2004)', 'summary': 'The IWRG Rey del Ring ( Spanish for King of the Ring ) refers both to an annual tournament and a professional wrestling championship promoted by the Mexican Lucha libre professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group ( IWRG ) . From 2002 until 2011 the IWRG Rey del Ring only referred to an annual 30-man tournament , but as of the 2011 tournament there is also a physical championship belt that is and can be defended throughout the year . As it is a professional wrestling championship , the championship was not won not by actual competition , but by a scripted ending to a match determined by the bookers and match makers . [ a ] On occasion the promotion declares a championship vacant , which means there is no champion at that point in time . This can either be due to a storyline , [ b ] or real life issues such as a champion suffering an injury being unable to defend the championship , [ c ] or leaving the company . [ d ]'}]}, {'value': 'Fantasy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sensei_(wrestler)', 'summary': "Sensei ( born September 16 , 1978 ) is a Mexican Luchador enmascarado , or masked professional wrestler , currently working for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre ( CMLL ) . He previously worked for International Wrestling Revolution Group ( IWRG ) as Fantasy where he won several titles . Sensei 's real name is not a matter of public record , as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans ."}]}, {'value': 'March 18 , 2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naucalpan , State of Mexico , Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naucalpan,_State_of_Mexico', 'summary': 'Naucalpan , officially Naucalpan de Juárez , is a city and municipality located just northwest of Mexico City in the adjoining State of Mexico . The name Naucalpan comes from Nahuatl and means place of the four neighborhoods or four houses . Juárez was added to the official name in 1874 in honor of Benito Juárez . The history of the area begins with the Tlatilica who settled on the edges of the Hondo River between 1700 and 600 B.C.E. , but it was the Aztecs who gave it its current name when they dominated it from the 15th century until the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire . Naucalpan claims to be the area where Hernán Cortés rested on the Noche Triste as they fled Tenochtitlan in 1520 , but this is disputed . It is the home of the Virgin of Los Remedios , a small image of the Virgin Mary which is strongly associated with the Conquest and is said to have been left here . Today , the city of Naucalpan is actually larger than the municipality itself , with part of it extending into neighboring Huixquilucan Municipality . It is a major center of industry in Mexico . It is , however , best known as the location of Ciudad Satélite , a development from the 1960s and the site of the Toreo de Cuatro Caminos bullring , which was demolished in the 2010s to build the Toreo Parque Central mixed-use development . The only unurbanized areas of the municipality are the Los Remedios National Park and a number of ejidos , but the lack of housing has put serious pressure on these areas .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mexico', 'summary': 'Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .'}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rey_del_Ring_(2005)', 'summary': 'The IWRG Rey del Ring ( Spanish for King of the Ring ) refers both to an annual tournament and a professional wrestling championship promoted by the Mexican Lucha libre professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group ( IWRG ) . From 2002 until 2011 the IWRG Rey del Ring only referred to an annual 30-man tournament , but as of the 2011 tournament there is also a physical championship belt that is and can be defended throughout the year . As it is a professional wrestling championship , the championship was not won not by actual competition , but by a scripted ending to a match determined by the bookers and match makers . [ a ] On occasion the promotion declares a championship vacant , which means there is no champion at that point in time . This can either be due to a storyline , [ b ] or real life issues such as a champion suffering an injury being unable to defend the championship , [ c ] or leaving the company . [ d ]'}]}, {'value': 'Cerebro Negro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cerebro_Negro', 'summary': 'Ricardo Antonio Morales Gonzalez ( born September 30 , 1973 in Mexico City , Mexico ) , better known under the ring name Cerebro Negro ( Black Brain ) , is a Mexican luchador , or masked professional wrestler currently working for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group ( IWRG ) portraying a rudo ( Bad guy ) wrestling character as well as a number of independent promotions .'}]}, {'value': 'November 17 , 2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naucalpan , State of Mexico , Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naucalpan,_State_of_Mexico', 'summary': 'Naucalpan , officially Naucalpan de Juárez , is a city and municipality located just northwest of Mexico City in the adjoining State of Mexico . The name Naucalpan comes from Nahuatl and means place of the four neighborhoods or four houses . Juárez was added to the official name in 1874 in honor of Benito Juárez . The history of the area begins with the Tlatilica who settled on the edges of the Hondo River between 1700 and 600 B.C.E. , but it was the Aztecs who gave it its current name when they dominated it from the 15th century until the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire . Naucalpan claims to be the area where Hernán Cortés rested on the Noche Triste as they fled Tenochtitlan in 1520 , but this is disputed . It is the home of the Virgin of Los Remedios , a small image of the Virgin Mary which is strongly associated with the Conquest and is said to have been left here . Today , the city of Naucalpan is actually larger than the municipality itself , with part of it extending into neighboring Huixquilucan Municipality . It is a major center of industry in Mexico . It is , however , best known as the location of Ciudad Satélite , a development from the 1960s and the site of the Toreo de Cuatro Caminos bullring , which was demolished in the 2010s to build the Toreo Parque Central mixed-use development . The only unurbanized areas of the municipality are the Los Remedios National Park and a number of ejidos , but the lack of housing has put serious pressure on these areas .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mexico', 'summary': 'Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .'}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cerebro Negro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cerebro_Negro', 'summary': 'Ricardo Antonio Morales Gonzalez ( born September 30 , 1973 in Mexico City , Mexico ) , better known under the ring name Cerebro Negro ( Black Brain ) , is a Mexican luchador , or masked professional wrestler currently working for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group ( IWRG ) portraying a rudo ( Bad guy ) wrestling character as well as a number of independent promotions .'}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naucalpan , State of Mexico , Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naucalpan,_State_of_Mexico', 'summary': 'Naucalpan , officially Naucalpan de Juárez , is a city and municipality located just northwest of Mexico City in the adjoining State of Mexico . The name Naucalpan comes from Nahuatl and means place of the four neighborhoods or four houses . Juárez was added to the official name in 1874 in honor of Benito Juárez . The history of the area begins with the Tlatilica who settled on the edges of the Hondo River between 1700 and 600 B.C.E. , but it was the Aztecs who gave it its current name when they dominated it from the 15th century until the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire . Naucalpan claims to be the area where Hernán Cortés rested on the Noche Triste as they fled Tenochtitlan in 1520 , but this is disputed . It is the home of the Virgin of Los Remedios , a small image of the Virgin Mary which is strongly associated with the Conquest and is said to have been left here . Today , the city of Naucalpan is actually larger than the municipality itself , with part of it extending into neighboring Huixquilucan Municipality . It is a major center of industry in Mexico . It is , however , best known as the location of Ciudad Satélite , a development from the 1960s and the site of the Toreo de Cuatro Caminos bullring , which was demolished in the 2010s to build the Toreo Parque Central mixed-use development . The only unurbanized areas of the municipality are the Los Remedios National Park and a number of ejidos , but the lack of housing has put serious pressure on these areas .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mexico', 'summary': 'Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .'}]}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yamato', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 26 , 2007', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naucalpan , State of Mexico , Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naucalpan,_State_of_Mexico', 'summary': 'Naucalpan , officially Naucalpan de Juárez , is a city and municipality located just northwest of Mexico City in the adjoining State of Mexico . The name Naucalpan comes from Nahuatl and means place of the four neighborhoods or four houses . Juárez was added to the official name in 1874 in honor of Benito Juárez . The history of the area begins with the Tlatilica who settled on the edges of the Hondo River between 1700 and 600 B.C.E. , but it was the Aztecs who gave it its current name when they dominated it from the 15th century until the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire . Naucalpan claims to be the area where Hernán Cortés rested on the Noche Triste as they fled Tenochtitlan in 1520 , but this is disputed . It is the home of the Virgin of Los Remedios , a small image of the Virgin Mary which is strongly associated with the Conquest and is said to have been left here . Today , the city of Naucalpan is actually larger than the municipality itself , with part of it extending into neighboring Huixquilucan Municipality . It is a major center of industry in Mexico . It is , however , best known as the location of Ciudad Satélite , a development from the 1960s and the site of the Toreo de Cuatro Caminos bullring , which was demolished in the 2010s to build the Toreo Parque Central mixed-use development . The only unurbanized areas of the municipality are the Los Remedios National Park and a number of ejidos , but the lack of housing has put serious pressure on these areas .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mexico', 'summary': 'Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .'}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rey_del_Ring_(2008)', 'summary': "The 2008 Rey del Ring ( Spanish for King of the Ring ) was a major lucha libre event produced and scripted by the Mexican International Wrestling Revolution Group ( IWRG ) professional wrestling promotion on July 24 , 2008 . The show was held in Arena Naucalpan , Naucalpan , State of Mexico , which is IWRG 's primary venue . The show was the seventh overall IWRG Rey del Ring show held , with the first being held in 2002 . The focal point of the show was the eponymous Rey del Ring tournament , a 30-man elimination match similar in concept to the WWE 's Royal Rumble match . The match was won by Scorpio Jr. when he eliminated El Hijo de Cien Caras to win the tournament . Scorpio Jr. was also the person to eliminate the most wrestlers , a total of six , including El Hijo de Cien Caras , Ciclon Negro , Fuerza Guerrera , Oficial AK-47 , Capitain Muerte and Tinieblas Jr . The Rey del Ring match was the only verified match on the show , although it is possible there were preliminary matches ."}]}, {'value': 'Scorpio , Jr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scorpio,_Jr.', 'summary': 'Rafael Núñez Juan ( born October 11 , 1966 ) is a Mexican Luchador or professional wrestler who is best known under his Ring name Scorpio Jr. Núñez is the son of professional wrestler Scorpio and was trained by his father and Rafael Salamanca before making his debut on August 30 , 1985 . Núñez was originally an Enmascarado , masked wrestler , but lost his mask as a result of a loss to the team of Negro Casas and El Hijo del Santo on March 19 , 1999 , after which his real identity was revealed . Over the years Scopio Jr. has worked for virtually all major Mexican professional wrestling promotions including Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre ( CMLL ) , Asistencia Asesoría y Administración ( AAA ) and International Wrestling Revolution Group ( IWRG ) . He is also one of the founding members of the wrestling group called Los Guapos ( the Hansomes ) as well as a group called Los Talibanes ( the Taliban ) , both with longtime wrestling partners and friends Emilio Charles Jr. and Bestia Salvaje .'}]}, {'value': 'July 24 , 2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naucalpan , State of Mexico , Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naucalpan,_State_of_Mexico', 'summary': 'Naucalpan , officially Naucalpan de Juárez , is a city and municipality located just northwest of Mexico City in the adjoining State of Mexico . The name Naucalpan comes from Nahuatl and means place of the four neighborhoods or four houses . Juárez was added to the official name in 1874 in honor of Benito Juárez . The history of the area begins with the Tlatilica who settled on the edges of the Hondo River between 1700 and 600 B.C.E. , but it was the Aztecs who gave it its current name when they dominated it from the 15th century until the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire . Naucalpan claims to be the area where Hernán Cortés rested on the Noche Triste as they fled Tenochtitlan in 1520 , but this is disputed . It is the home of the Virgin of Los Remedios , a small image of the Virgin Mary which is strongly associated with the Conquest and is said to have been left here . Today , the city of Naucalpan is actually larger than the municipality itself , with part of it extending into neighboring Huixquilucan Municipality . It is a major center of industry in Mexico . It is , however , best known as the location of Ciudad Satélite , a development from the 1960s and the site of the Toreo de Cuatro Caminos bullring , which was demolished in the 2010s to build the Toreo Parque Central mixed-use development . The only unurbanized areas of the municipality are the Los Remedios National Park and a number of ejidos , but the lack of housing has put serious pressure on these areas .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mexico', 'summary': 'Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .'}]}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rey_del_Ring_(2009)', 'summary': "The 2009 Rey del Ring ( Spanish for King of the Ring ) was a major lucha libre event produced and scripted by the Mexican International Wrestling Revolution Group ( IWRG ) professional wrestling promotion on July 16 , 2009 . The show was held in Arena Naucalpan , Naucalpan , State of Mexico , which is IWRG 's primary venue . The show was the eight overall IWRG Rey del Ring show held , with the first being held in 2002 . The focal point of the show was the eponymous Rey del Ring tournament . a 30-man elimination match similar in concept to the WWE 's Royal Rumble match . The match was won by Ricky Cruzz as he lastly eliminated El Veneno to win the tournament . Olimpico is credited with three eliminations , the most of any wrestler in the 2009 Rey del Ring tournament as he eliminated Arlequín Amarillo , Fantasma de la Opera and Rigo ."}]}, {'value': 'Ricky Cruzz', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'July 16 , 2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naucalpan , State of Mexico , Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naucalpan,_State_of_Mexico', 'summary': 'Naucalpan , officially Naucalpan de Juárez , is a city and municipality located just northwest of Mexico City in the adjoining State of Mexico . The name Naucalpan comes from Nahuatl and means place of the four neighborhoods or four houses . Juárez was added to the official name in 1874 in honor of Benito Juárez . The history of the area begins with the Tlatilica who settled on the edges of the Hondo River between 1700 and 600 B.C.E. , but it was the Aztecs who gave it its current name when they dominated it from the 15th century until the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire . Naucalpan claims to be the area where Hernán Cortés rested on the Noche Triste as they fled Tenochtitlan in 1520 , but this is disputed . It is the home of the Virgin of Los Remedios , a small image of the Virgin Mary which is strongly associated with the Conquest and is said to have been left here . Today , the city of Naucalpan is actually larger than the municipality itself , with part of it extending into neighboring Huixquilucan Municipality . It is a major center of industry in Mexico . It is , however , best known as the location of Ciudad Satélite , a development from the 1960s and the site of the Toreo de Cuatro Caminos bullring , which was demolished in the 2010s to build the Toreo Parque Central mixed-use development . The only unurbanized areas of the municipality are the Los Remedios National Park and a number of ejidos , but the lack of housing has put serious pressure on these areas .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mexico', 'summary': 'Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .'}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rey_del_Ring_(2011)', 'summary': "Rey del Ring ( 2011 ) ( Spanish for King of the Ring ) was an annual professional wrestling major event produced by Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group ( IWRG ) , which took place on June 16 , 2011 , in Arena Naucalpan , Naucalpan , State of Mexico , Mexico . The main event of the show was the Eponymous IWRG Rey del Ring tournament , the ninth version of the annual tournament , which is IWRG 's version of WWE 's Royal Rumble event . The Rey del Ring returned to IWRG 's regular schedule in 2011 after no event was held in 2010 , making the event the 10th overall tournament since 2002 ."}]}, {'value': 'El Pantera', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pantera_(wrestler)', 'summary': "Francisco Javier Pozas ( born February 3 , 1964 ) is a Mexican professional wrestler , or luchador , who is best known under the ring name El Pantera , but has also worked as Pantera II , El Manaya , América , Tritón and TANAKA over the years . Pozas made his wrestling debut in 1985 , working as an enmascarado ( masked wrestler ) with a panther-inspired mask to go with his ring character of El Pantera . Over the years Pozas has worked in Mexico , Japan and the United States ; In Mexico he has worked for Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre ( CMLL ) , Asistencia Asesoría y Administración ( AAA ) , International Wrestling Revolution Group ( IWRG ) , in Japan he 's worked for Universal Lucha Libre ( ULL ) and All-Japan Pro Wrestling ( AJPW ) and in the United States he 's most known for his work in the World Wrestling Federation ( WWF ) from 1997 to 1999 and Chikara where he has worked shows since 2007 . In 2006 Pantera lost his mask as a result of a match . He , however , continued wearing the mask when working for Chikara and in 2011 also began wearing it again in Mexico ."}]}, {'value': 'June 16 , 2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naucalpan , State of Mexico , Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naucalpan,_State_of_Mexico', 'summary': 'Naucalpan , officially Naucalpan de Juárez , is a city and municipality located just northwest of Mexico City in the adjoining State of Mexico . The name Naucalpan comes from Nahuatl and means place of the four neighborhoods or four houses . Juárez was added to the official name in 1874 in honor of Benito Juárez . The history of the area begins with the Tlatilica who settled on the edges of the Hondo River between 1700 and 600 B.C.E. , but it was the Aztecs who gave it its current name when they dominated it from the 15th century until the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire . Naucalpan claims to be the area where Hernán Cortés rested on the Noche Triste as they fled Tenochtitlan in 1520 , but this is disputed . It is the home of the Virgin of Los Remedios , a small image of the Virgin Mary which is strongly associated with the Conquest and is said to have been left here . Today , the city of Naucalpan is actually larger than the municipality itself , with part of it extending into neighboring Huixquilucan Municipality . It is a major center of industry in Mexico . It is , however , best known as the location of Ciudad Satélite , a development from the 1960s and the site of the Toreo de Cuatro Caminos bullring , which was demolished in the 2010s to build the Toreo Parque Central mixed-use development . The only unurbanized areas of the municipality are the Los Remedios National Park and a number of ejidos , but the lack of housing has put serious pressure on these areas .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mexico', 'summary': 'Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rey_del_Ring_(2012)', 'summary': "Rey del Ring ( 2012 ) ( Spanish for King of the Ring ) was an annual professional wrestling major event produced by Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group ( IWRG ) , which took place on May 31 , 2012 in Arena Naucalpan , Naucalpan , State of Mexico , Mexico . The Rey del Ring tournament was taped for television and shown on TVC Deportes on June 6 , 2012 . The main event was the Eponymous IWRG Rey del Ring tournament , the tenth annual version of the tournament , IWRG 's version of World Wrestling Entertainment 's Royal Rumble event . 30 men competed in the Rey del Ring , which was won by Oficial Factor when he eliminated Hijo del Pirata Morgan to claim the victory as well as the Rey del Ring Championship belt ."}]}, {'value': 'Oficial Factor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oficial_Factor', 'summary': 'Cesar Caballero ( born November 25 , 1977 ) is a Mexican luchador enmascarado , or masked professional wrestler . Working under the ring name Oficial Factor , he appears for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group ( IWRG ) . Caballero previously worked under a number of other ring names including Mega , but they are not officially acknowledged , as the enmascarado character is promoted as a separate entity from his previous characters , which is often the case when a Mexican wrestler adopts a new masked character .'}]}, {'value': 'May 31 , 2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naucalpan , State of Mexico , Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naucalpan,_State_of_Mexico', 'summary': 'Naucalpan , officially Naucalpan de Juárez , is a city and municipality located just northwest of Mexico City in the adjoining State of Mexico . The name Naucalpan comes from Nahuatl and means place of the four neighborhoods or four houses . Juárez was added to the official name in 1874 in honor of Benito Juárez . The history of the area begins with the Tlatilica who settled on the edges of the Hondo River between 1700 and 600 B.C.E. , but it was the Aztecs who gave it its current name when they dominated it from the 15th century until the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire . Naucalpan claims to be the area where Hernán Cortés rested on the Noche Triste as they fled Tenochtitlan in 1520 , but this is disputed . It is the home of the Virgin of Los Remedios , a small image of the Virgin Mary which is strongly associated with the Conquest and is said to have been left here . Today , the city of Naucalpan is actually larger than the municipality itself , with part of it extending into neighboring Huixquilucan Municipality . It is a major center of industry in Mexico . It is , however , best known as the location of Ciudad Satélite , a development from the 1960s and the site of the Toreo de Cuatro Caminos bullring , which was demolished in the 2010s to build the Toreo Parque Central mixed-use development . The only unurbanized areas of the municipality are the Los Remedios National Park and a number of ejidos , but the lack of housing has put serious pressure on these areas .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mexico', 'summary': 'Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .'}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rey_del_Ring_(2013)', 'summary': "Rey del Ring ( 2013 ) ( Spanish for King of the Ring ) was an annual professional wrestling major event produced by Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group ( IWRG ) , which took place on May 19 , 2013 in Arena Naucalpan , Naucalpan , State of Mexico , Mexico . The main event was the Eponymous IWRG Rey del Ring tournament , the eleventh annual version of the tournament , IWRG 's version of World Wrestling Entertainment 's Royal Rumble event . 30 men competed in the Rey del Ring , which was won by Oficial 911 when he eliminated Eterno to claim the victory as well as the Rey del Ring Championship belt from previous champion Oficial Factor ."}]}, {'value': 'Oficial 911', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oficial_911', 'summary': 'José Ángel Bocanegra González ( born February 7 , 1981 ) is a Mexican luchador , or masked professional wrestler , best known under the ring name Oficial 911 . As Oficial 911 he is part of a group called Los Oficiales that has worked for International Wrestling Revolution Group ( IWRG ) since 2007 . The team held the record for the longest-reigning Distrito Federal Trios Champions and are the most successful holders of the IWRG Intercontinental Trios Championship , holding it longer than any other trios team and having defended it more times than any previous champions have . Bocanegra previously wrestled as Comando Mega in IWRG as well .'}]}, {'value': 'May 19 , 2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naucalpan , State of Mexico , Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naucalpan,_State_of_Mexico', 'summary': 'Naucalpan , officially Naucalpan de Juárez , is a city and municipality located just northwest of Mexico City in the adjoining State of Mexico . The name Naucalpan comes from Nahuatl and means place of the four neighborhoods or four houses . Juárez was added to the official name in 1874 in honor of Benito Juárez . The history of the area begins with the Tlatilica who settled on the edges of the Hondo River between 1700 and 600 B.C.E. , but it was the Aztecs who gave it its current name when they dominated it from the 15th century until the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire . Naucalpan claims to be the area where Hernán Cortés rested on the Noche Triste as they fled Tenochtitlan in 1520 , but this is disputed . It is the home of the Virgin of Los Remedios , a small image of the Virgin Mary which is strongly associated with the Conquest and is said to have been left here . Today , the city of Naucalpan is actually larger than the municipality itself , with part of it extending into neighboring Huixquilucan Municipality . It is a major center of industry in Mexico . It is , however , best known as the location of Ciudad Satélite , a development from the 1960s and the site of the Toreo de Cuatro Caminos bullring , which was demolished in the 2010s to build the Toreo Parque Central mixed-use development . The only unurbanized areas of the municipality are the Los Remedios National Park and a number of ejidos , but the lack of housing has put serious pressure on these areas .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mexico', 'summary': 'Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .'}]}, {'value': '2014', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rey_del_Ring_(2014)', 'summary': "The Rey del Ring ( 2014 ) show ( Spanish for King of the Ring ) was an annual professional wrestling major event produced by Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group ( IWRG ) , and took place on May 4 , 2014 in Arena Naucalpan , Naucalpan , State of Mexico , Mexico . The main event was the Eponymous IWRG Rey del Ring tournament , the twelfth annual version of the tournament , which is IWRG 's version of WWE 's Royal Rumble event ."}]}, {'value': 'Hijo de Máscara Año 2000', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hijo_de_Máscara_Año_2000', 'summary': "Hijo de Máscara Año 2000 ( born 1986 ) is a Mexican luchador enmascarado , or masked professional wrestler currently working for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre ( CMLL ) portraying a rudo ( Bad guy ) wrestling character . Hijo de Máscara Año 2000 's real name is not a matter of public record , as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans . He is a second generation wrestler , son of Máscara Año 2000 , nephew of Cien Caras and Universo 2000 . In 2019 he joined forces with his cousins El Cuatrero , Sansón , Forastero and Universo 2000 Jr. as part of Sangre Dinamita . From 2007 through 2017 Hijo de Máscara Año 2000 was a mainstay in International Wrestling Revolution Group ( IWRG ) where he won the IWRG Intercontinental Trios Championship with Cien Caras Jr. and Máscara Año 2000 Jr. , the IWRG Junior de Juniors Championship and the IWRG Rey del Ring Championship . He is not related to either Cien Caras Jr. , Máscara Año 2000 Jr. nor El Hijo de Cien Caras ."}]}, {'value': 'May 4 , 2014', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naucalpan , State of Mexico , Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naucalpan,_State_of_Mexico', 'summary': 'Naucalpan , officially Naucalpan de Juárez , is a city and municipality located just northwest of Mexico City in the adjoining State of Mexico . The name Naucalpan comes from Nahuatl and means place of the four neighborhoods or four houses . Juárez was added to the official name in 1874 in honor of Benito Juárez . The history of the area begins with the Tlatilica who settled on the edges of the Hondo River between 1700 and 600 B.C.E. , but it was the Aztecs who gave it its current name when they dominated it from the 15th century until the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire . Naucalpan claims to be the area where Hernán Cortés rested on the Noche Triste as they fled Tenochtitlan in 1520 , but this is disputed . It is the home of the Virgin of Los Remedios , a small image of the Virgin Mary which is strongly associated with the Conquest and is said to have been left here . Today , the city of Naucalpan is actually larger than the municipality itself , with part of it extending into neighboring Huixquilucan Municipality . It is a major center of industry in Mexico . It is , however , best known as the location of Ciudad Satélite , a development from the 1960s and the site of the Toreo de Cuatro Caminos bullring , which was demolished in the 2010s to build the Toreo Parque Central mixed-use development . The only unurbanized areas of the municipality are the Los Remedios National Park and a number of ejidos , but the lack of housing has put serious pressure on these areas .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mexico', 'summary': 'Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .'}]}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rey_del_Ring_(2015)', 'summary': "The Rey del Ring ( 2015 ) show ( Spanish for King of the Ring ) was an annual professional wrestling major event produced by Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group ( IWRG ) , and took place on April 5 , 2015 in Arena Naucalpan , Naucalpan , State of Mexico , Mexico . The main event was the Eponymous IWRG Rey del Ring tournament , the thirteenth annual version of the tournament , which is IWRG 's version of WWE 's Royal Rumble event ."}]}, {'value': 'Ricky Cruz', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 5 , 2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naucalpan , State of Mexico , Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naucalpan,_State_of_Mexico', 'summary': 'Naucalpan , officially Naucalpan de Juárez , is a city and municipality located just northwest of Mexico City in the adjoining State of Mexico . The name Naucalpan comes from Nahuatl and means place of the four neighborhoods or four houses . Juárez was added to the official name in 1874 in honor of Benito Juárez . The history of the area begins with the Tlatilica who settled on the edges of the Hondo River between 1700 and 600 B.C.E. , but it was the Aztecs who gave it its current name when they dominated it from the 15th century until the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire . Naucalpan claims to be the area where Hernán Cortés rested on the Noche Triste as they fled Tenochtitlan in 1520 , but this is disputed . It is the home of the Virgin of Los Remedios , a small image of the Virgin Mary which is strongly associated with the Conquest and is said to have been left here . Today , the city of Naucalpan is actually larger than the municipality itself , with part of it extending into neighboring Huixquilucan Municipality . It is a major center of industry in Mexico . It is , however , best known as the location of Ciudad Satélite , a development from the 1960s and the site of the Toreo de Cuatro Caminos bullring , which was demolished in the 2010s to build the Toreo Parque Central mixed-use development . The only unurbanized areas of the municipality are the Los Remedios National Park and a number of ejidos , but the lack of housing has put serious pressure on these areas .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mexico', 'summary': 'Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .'}]}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rey_del_Ring_(2016)', 'summary': "The Rey del Ring ( 2016 ) show ( Spanish for King of the Ring ) was an annual professional wrestling major event produced by Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group ( IWRG ) , and took place on December 11 , 2016 in Arena Naucalpan , Naucalpan , State of Mexico , Mexico . The main event was the Eponymous Rey del Ring tournament , the fourteenth annual version of the tournament , which is IWRG 's version of WWE 's Royal Rumble 30-man elimination match . The event was also the 54th Anniversary of Lucha Libre in Estado de México In the main event Máscara Año 2000 Jr. outlasted 29 wrestlers , lastly eliminating Pirata Morgan to win the IWRG Rey del Ring Championship . After the match , Máscara Año 2000 Jr. and Pirata Morgan continued to fight until a challenge was made for a Lucha de Apuestas , or bet match between the two . In the semi-final match , champion Dragón Fly successfully defended the AIWA Cruiserweight Championship against long time rival Demonio Infernal . The event also gained notoriety for a backstage incident where Alberto el Patrón beat up Tortuga Rafy after a perceived insult ."}]}, {'value': 'Máscara Año 2000 Jr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Máscara_Año_2000_Jr.', 'summary': "Ángel Omar Reyes Franco ( born January 16 , 1977 ) is a Mexican luchador or professional wrestler , better known as Máscara Año 2000 Jr . He is working for Lucha Libre AAA World Wide ( AAA ) , and International Wrestling Revolution Group ( IWRG ) . Máscara Año 2000 Jr. originally worked under a mask and his real name was not a matter of public record , until he lost his mask in a match in August 2012 . His father Jesús Reyes González wrestled under the ring name Máscara Año 2000 . He is a former holder of the IWRG Intercontinental Heavyweight Championship and a co-holder of the IWRG Intercontinental Tag Team Championship along with El Hijo de Cien Caras . In the United States he is best known through his appearance on the travel show Dhani Tackles the Globe , where he wrestled host Dhani Jones in an episode of the show 's second season ."}]}, {'value': 'December 11 , 2016', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naucalpan , State of Mexico , Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naucalpan,_State_of_Mexico', 'summary': 'Naucalpan , officially Naucalpan de Juárez , is a city and municipality located just northwest of Mexico City in the adjoining State of Mexico . The name Naucalpan comes from Nahuatl and means place of the four neighborhoods or four houses . Juárez was added to the official name in 1874 in honor of Benito Juárez . The history of the area begins with the Tlatilica who settled on the edges of the Hondo River between 1700 and 600 B.C.E. , but it was the Aztecs who gave it its current name when they dominated it from the 15th century until the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire . Naucalpan claims to be the area where Hernán Cortés rested on the Noche Triste as they fled Tenochtitlan in 1520 , but this is disputed . It is the home of the Virgin of Los Remedios , a small image of the Virgin Mary which is strongly associated with the Conquest and is said to have been left here . Today , the city of Naucalpan is actually larger than the municipality itself , with part of it extending into neighboring Huixquilucan Municipality . It is a major center of industry in Mexico . It is , however , best known as the location of Ciudad Satélite , a development from the 1960s and the site of the Toreo de Cuatro Caminos bullring , which was demolished in the 2010s to build the Toreo Parque Central mixed-use development . The only unurbanized areas of the municipality are the Los Remedios National Park and a number of ejidos , but the lack of housing has put serious pressure on these areas .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mexico', 'summary': 'Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .'}]}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rey_del_Ring_(2017)', 'summary': "The Rey del Ring ( 2017 ) show ( Spanish for King of the Ring ) was a major annual lucha libre event produced and scripted by Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group ( IWRG ) , and took place on May 14 , 2017 in Arena Naucalpan , Naucalpan , State of Mexico , Mexico . The main event was the Eponymous IWRG Rey del Ring tournament , the fifteenth annual version of the tournament , IWRG 's version of WWE 's Royal Rumble , multi-man elimination event . In IWRG the winner of the Rey del Ring tournament also wins the IWRG Rey del Ring Championship , after the previous champion Imposible vacated the championship prior to the match . Imposible outlasted 29 other wrestlers to win the 2017 version of the tournament and the championship . The show included four additional matches ."}]}, {'value': 'Imposible', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Imposible_(wrestler)', 'summary': 'Fuerza Guerrera Nueva Generación ( sometimes Fuerza Guerrera NG ) is a Mexican luchador enmascarado , or masked professional wrestler currently working for the Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group ( IWRG ) . He worked under the ring name Imposible from his debut in 2008 until late in 2019 when he took the name Fuerza Guerra Nueva Generación . He is not related to Fuerza Guerrera , but is officially allowed to use the name by his trainer . His real name is not a matter of public record , as is often the case with masked wrestlers in Mexico where their private lives are kept a secret from the wrestling fans . Imposible was trained for his professional wrestling career by Negro Navarro . He is the current and two time holder of the IWRG Intercontinental Middleweight Championship , previouly held the IWRG Intercontinental Lightweight Championship and the IWRG Intercontinental Tag Team Championship with Aramís . For years he was part of Los Mariachis Locos with El Hijo del Diablo and El Diablo Jr. , with whoom he won the Distrito Federal Trios Championship twice . He won the 2012 version of the El Protector tag team tournament with X-Fly and the 2017 Rey del Ring tournament and championship .'}]}, {'value': 'May 14 , 2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naucalpan , State of Mexico , Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naucalpan,_State_of_Mexico', 'summary': 'Naucalpan , officially Naucalpan de Juárez , is a city and municipality located just northwest of Mexico City in the adjoining State of Mexico . The name Naucalpan comes from Nahuatl and means place of the four neighborhoods or four houses . Juárez was added to the official name in 1874 in honor of Benito Juárez . The history of the area begins with the Tlatilica who settled on the edges of the Hondo River between 1700 and 600 B.C.E. , but it was the Aztecs who gave it its current name when they dominated it from the 15th century until the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire . Naucalpan claims to be the area where Hernán Cortés rested on the Noche Triste as they fled Tenochtitlan in 1520 , but this is disputed . It is the home of the Virgin of Los Remedios , a small image of the Virgin Mary which is strongly associated with the Conquest and is said to have been left here . Today , the city of Naucalpan is actually larger than the municipality itself , with part of it extending into neighboring Huixquilucan Municipality . It is a major center of industry in Mexico . It is , however , best known as the location of Ciudad Satélite , a development from the 1960s and the site of the Toreo de Cuatro Caminos bullring , which was demolished in the 2010s to build the Toreo Parque Central mixed-use development . The only unurbanized areas of the municipality are the Los Remedios National Park and a number of ejidos , but the lack of housing has put serious pressure on these areas .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mexico', 'summary': 'Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .'}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rey_del_Ring_(2018)', 'summary': "The Rey del Ring ( 2018 ) show ( Spanish for King of the Ring ) was a major annual lucha libre event produced and scripted by Mexican professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group ( IWRG ) , and took place on May 20 , 2018 in Arena Naucalpan , Naucalpan , State of Mexico , Mexico . The main event was the Eponymous IWRG Rey del Ring tournament , the sixteenth annual version of the tournament , IWRG 's version of WWE 's Royal Rumble , multi-man elimination event . In IWRG the winner of the Rey del Ring tournament also wins the IWRG Rey del Ring Championship , after the previous champion Imposible vacated the championship prior to the match . Emperador Azteca won the match and the championship by outlasting 29 other wrestlers . The show featured three additional matches , including a Lucha de Apuestas , hair vs. hair match where Lunatic Xtreme defeated Gallo Frances , forcing Gallo Frances to be shaved bald as a result ."}]}, {'value': 'Emperador Azteca', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 20 , 2018', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Naucalpan , State of Mexico , Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Naucalpan,_State_of_Mexico', 'summary': 'Naucalpan , officially Naucalpan de Juárez , is a city and municipality located just northwest of Mexico City in the adjoining State of Mexico . The name Naucalpan comes from Nahuatl and means place of the four neighborhoods or four houses . Juárez was added to the official name in 1874 in honor of Benito Juárez . The history of the area begins with the Tlatilica who settled on the edges of the Hondo River between 1700 and 600 B.C.E. , but it was the Aztecs who gave it its current name when they dominated it from the 15th century until the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire . Naucalpan claims to be the area where Hernán Cortés rested on the Noche Triste as they fled Tenochtitlan in 1520 , but this is disputed . It is the home of the Virgin of Los Remedios , a small image of the Virgin Mary which is strongly associated with the Conquest and is said to have been left here . Today , the city of Naucalpan is actually larger than the municipality itself , with part of it extending into neighboring Huixquilucan Municipality . It is a major center of industry in Mexico . It is , however , best known as the location of Ciudad Satélite , a development from the 1960s and the site of the Toreo de Cuatro Caminos bullring , which was demolished in the 2010s to build the Toreo Parque Central mixed-use development . The only unurbanized areas of the municipality are the Los Remedios National Park and a number of ejidos , but the lack of housing has put serious pressure on these areas .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Mexico', 'summary': 'Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Rey del Ring Tournament winners', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'IWRG_Rey_del_Ring_0', 'intro': 'The IWRG Rey del Ring (Spanish for King of the Ring) refers both to an annual tournament and a professional wrestling championship promoted by the Mexican Lucha libre professional wrestling promotion International Wrestling Revolution Group (IWRG). From 2002 until 2011 the IWRG Rey del Ring only referred to an annual 30-man tournament, but as of the 2011 tournament there is also a physical championship belt that is and can be defended throughout the year. As it is a professional wrestling championship, the championship was not won not by actual competition, but by a scripted ending to a match determined by the bookers and match makers. [a] On occasion the promotion declares a championship vacant, which means there is no champion at that point in time. This can either be due to a storyline,[b] or real life issues such as a champion suffering an injury being unable to defend the championship,[c] or leaving the company. [d]'}
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What group does the winner of the 2013 IWRG Rey del Ring belong to ?
Los Oficiales
04c4e3ddbee71e92
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoran_Primorac', 'title': 'Zoran Primorac', 'header': ['Year', 'Competition', 'Venue', 'Placed', 'Event'], 'data': [{'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Olympic Games', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olympic_Games', 'summary': "The modern Olympic Games or Olympics ( French : Jeux olympiques ) are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions . The Olympic Games are considered the world 's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating . The Olympic Games are held every four years , with the Summer and Winter Games alternating by occurring every four years but two years apart . Their creation was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games ( Ancient Greek : Ὀλυμπιακοί Ἀγῶνες ) , which were held in Olympia , Greece , from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD . Baron Pierre de Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) in 1894 , leading to the first modern Games in Athens in 1896 . The IOC is the governing body of the Olympic Movement , with the Olympic Charter defining its structure and authority . The evolution of the Olympic Movement during the 20th and 21st centuries has resulted in several changes to the Olympic Games . Some of these adjustments include the creation of the Winter Olympic Games for snow and ice sports , the Paralympic Games for athletes with a disability , the Youth Olympic Games for athletes aged 14 to 18 , the five Continental games ( Pan American , African , Asian , European , and Pacific ) , and the World Games for sports that are not contested in the Olympic Games . The Deaflympics and Special Olympics are also endorsed by the IOC . The IOC has had to adapt to a variety of economic , political , and technological advancements . The abuse of amateur rules by the Eastern Bloc nations prompted the IOC to shift away from pure amateurism , as envisioned by Coubertin , to allowing participation of professional athletes . The growing importance of mass media created the issue of corporate sponsorship and commercialisation of the Games ."}]}, {'value': 'Seoul', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Seoul', 'summary': "Seoul ( /soʊl/ , like soul ; Korean : 서울 [ sʌ.ul ] ( listen ) ; lit . Capital ) , officially the Seoul Special City , is the capital and largest metropolis of South Korea . Seoul forms the heart of the Seoul Capital Area . Ranked as an alpha world city , Seoul was the world 's 4th largest metropolitan economy with a GDP of US $ 635 billion in 2014 after Tokyo , New York City and Los Angeles . International visitors generally reach Seoul via AREX from the Incheon International Airport , notable for having been rated the best airport for nine consecutive years ( 2005-2013 ) by the Airports Council International . In 2015 , it was rated Asia 's most livable city with the second highest quality of life globally by Arcadis , with the GDP per capita ( PPP ) in Seoul being around $ 40,000 . In 2017 , the cost of living in Seoul was ranked 6th globally . In 2018 , Seoul 's real estate market was ranked 5th in the world for the price of apartments in the downtown center. , Seoul was one of the host cities for the official tournament of the 2002 FIFA World Cup in Korea/Japan . With major technology hubs centered in Gangnam and Digital Media City , the Seoul Capital Area is home to the headquarters of 15 Fortune Global 500 companies , including Samsung , LG , and Hyundai . Ranked seventh in the Global Power City Index and Global Financial Centres Index , the metropolis exerts a major influence in global affairs as one of the five leading hosts of global conferences . Seoul has hosted the 1986 Asian Games , 1988 Summer Olympics , 2002 FIFA World Cup , and more recently the 2010 G-20 Seoul summit . Seoul was the capital of various Korean kingdoms , including Baekje , Joseon , and the Korean Empire and served as the secondary capital of Goryeo ."}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Men 's doubles", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'World Cup', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Table_Tennis_World_Cup', 'summary': "The Table Tennis World Cup has been held annually since 1980 . There had been only men 's singles until the inauguration of women 's singles in 1996 and team competitions in 1990 . The team competitions , the World Team Cup , were canceled until the relaunch in 2007 , and now held in odd-numbered years . The competitions are sanctioned by International Table Tennis Federation ( ITTF ) and classified as R1 in rating weightings , B2 in bonus weightings in the ITTF world ranking ."}]}, {'value': 'Guangzhou', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Guangzhou', 'summary': "Guangzhou ( Chinese : 广州 ; Cantonese pronunciation : [ kʷɔ̌ːŋ.tsɐ̂u ] or [ kʷɔ̌ːŋ.tsɐ́u ] ( listen ) ; Mandarin pronunciation : [ kwàŋ.ʈʂóu ] ( listen ) ) , also known as Canton and formerly romanized as Kwangchow or Kwong Chow , is the capital and most populous city of the province of Guangdong in southern China . On the Pearl River about 120 km ( 75 mi ) north-northwest of Hong Kong and 145 km ( 90 mi ) north of Macau , Guangzhou has a history of over 2,200 years and was a major terminus of the maritime Silk Road , and continues to serve as a major port and transportation hub , as well as one of China 's three largest cities . Guangzhou is at the heart of the most-populous built-up metropolitan area in mainland China that extends into the neighboring cities of Foshan , Dongguan , Zhongshan and Shenzhen , forming one of the largest urban agglomerations on Earth . Administratively , the city holds sub-provincial status and is one of China 's nine National Central Cities . At the end of 2018 , the population of the city 's expansive administrative area is estimated at 14,904,400 by city authorities , up 3.8% year from the previous year . Guangzhou is ranked as an Alpha global city . There is a rapidly increasing number of foreign temporary residents and immigrants from Southeast Asia , the Middle East , Eastern Europe and Africa . This has led to it being dubbed the Capital of the Third World . The domestic migrant population from other provinces of China in Guangzhou was 40% of the city 's total population in 2008 . Together with Shanghai , Beijing and Shenzhen , Guangzhou has one of the most expensive real estate markets in China . In the late 1990s and early 2000s , nationals of sub-Saharan Africa who had initially settled in the Middle East and other parts of Southeast Asia moved in unprecedented numbers to Guangzhou in response to the 1997/98 Asian financial crisis . Long the only Chinese port accessible to most foreign traders , Guangzhou fell to the British during the First Opium War ."}]}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Men 's singles", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'World Cup', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Table_Tennis_World_Cup', 'summary': "The Table Tennis World Cup has been held annually since 1980 . There had been only men 's singles until the inauguration of women 's singles in 1996 and team competitions in 1990 . The team competitions , the World Team Cup , were canceled until the relaunch in 2007 , and now held in odd-numbered years . The competitions are sanctioned by International Table Tennis Federation ( ITTF ) and classified as R1 in rating weightings , B2 in bonus weightings in the ITTF world ranking ."}]}, {'value': 'Nimes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nimes', 'summary': 'Nîmes ( /niːm/ NEEM , French : [ nim ] ( listen ) ; Occitan : Nimes [ ˈnimes ] ) is a city in the Occitanie region of southern France . It is the capital of the Gard department . Nîmes is located between the Mediterranean Sea and the Cévennes mountains . The estimated population of Nîmes is 151,001 ( 2016 ) . Dubbed the most Roman city outside Italy , Nîmes has a rich history dating back to the Roman Empire when the city was a regional capital , and home to 50,000-60,000 people . Several famous monuments are in Nîmes , such as the Arena of Nîmes and the Maison Carrée . Because of this , Nîmes is often referred to as the French Rome .'}]}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Men 's singles", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'World Cup', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Table_Tennis_World_Cup', 'summary': "The Table Tennis World Cup has been held annually since 1980 . There had been only men 's singles until the inauguration of women 's singles in 1996 and team competitions in 1990 . The team competitions , the World Team Cup , were canceled until the relaunch in 2007 , and now held in odd-numbered years . The competitions are sanctioned by International Table Tennis Federation ( ITTF ) and classified as R1 in rating weightings , B2 in bonus weightings in the ITTF world ranking ."}]}, {'value': 'Taipei', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taipei', 'summary': "Taipei ( /ˌtaɪˈpeɪ/ ) , officially Taipei City , [ I ] is the capital and a special municipality of Taiwan ( officially the Republic of China , ROC ) . Located in northern Taiwan , Taipei City is an enclave of the municipality of New Taipei City that sits about 25 km ( 16 mi ) southwest of the northern port city Keelung . Most of the city lies on the Taipei Basin , an ancient lakebed . The basin is bounded by the relatively narrow valleys of the Keelung and Xindian rivers , which join to form the Tamsui River along the city 's western border . The city proper is home to an estimated population of 2,646,204 ( 2019 ) , forming the core part of the Taipei-Keelung metropolitan area , which includes the nearby cities of New Taipei and Keelung with a population of 7,047,559 , the 40th most-populous urban area in the world - roughly one-third of Taiwanese citizens live in the metro district . The name Taipei can refer either to the whole metropolitan area or the city proper . Taipei is the political , economic , educational , and cultural center of Taiwan and one of the major hubs in East Asia . Considered to be a global city and rated as an Alpha City by GaWC , Taipei is part of a major high-tech industrial area . Railways , highways , airports , and bus lines connect Taipei with all parts of the island . The city is served by two airports - Songshan and Taoyuan . Taipei is home to various world-famous architectural or cultural landmarks , which include Taipei 101 , Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall , Dalongdong Baoan Temple , Hsing Tian Kong , Lungshan Temple of Manka , National Palace Museum , Presidential Office Building , Taipei Guest House , Ximending , and several night markets dispersed throughout the city . Natural features such as Maokong , Yangmingshan , and hot springs are also well known to international visitors ."}]}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Men 's singles", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'World Cup', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Table_Tennis_World_Cup', 'summary': "The Table Tennis World Cup has been held annually since 1980 . There had been only men 's singles until the inauguration of women 's singles in 1996 and team competitions in 1990 . The team competitions , the World Team Cup , were canceled until the relaunch in 2007 , and now held in odd-numbered years . The competitions are sanctioned by International Table Tennis Federation ( ITTF ) and classified as R1 in rating weightings , B2 in bonus weightings in the ITTF world ranking ."}]}, {'value': 'Shantou', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shantou', 'summary': "Shantou , alternately romanized as Swatow and sometimes known as Santow , is a prefecture-level city on the eastern coast of Guangdong , China , with a total population of 5,391,028 as of 2010 and an administrative area of 2,064 square kilometres ( 797 sq mi ) . Shantou , a city significant in 19th-century Chinese history as one of the treaty ports established for Western trade and contact , was one of the original special economic zones of China established in the 1980s , but did not blossom in the manner that cities such as Shenzhen , Xiamen and Zhuhai did . However , it remains eastern Guangdong 's economic centre , and is home to Shantou University , which is under the provincial Project 211 program in Guangdong ."}]}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Men 's singles", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'World Cup', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Table_Tennis_World_Cup', 'summary': "The Table Tennis World Cup has been held annually since 1980 . There had been only men 's singles until the inauguration of women 's singles in 1996 and team competitions in 1990 . The team competitions , the World Team Cup , were canceled until the relaunch in 2007 , and now held in odd-numbered years . The competitions are sanctioned by International Table Tennis Federation ( ITTF ) and classified as R1 in rating weightings , B2 in bonus weightings in the ITTF world ranking ."}]}, {'value': 'Xiaolan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Xiaolan', 'summary': 'Xiaolan ( Chinese : 小榄镇 ) is a small town situated at the northwest periphery of the city of Zhongshan , Guangdong Province , China . The population of Xiaolan Town is of an estimation of 150,000 permanent residents and 100,000 temporary residents . The total area of the town is 71 square kilometres ( 27 sq mi ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Men 's singles", 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'World Cup', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Table_Tennis_World_Cup', 'summary': "The Table Tennis World Cup has been held annually since 1980 . There had been only men 's singles until the inauguration of women 's singles in 1996 and team competitions in 1990 . The team competitions , the World Team Cup , were canceled until the relaunch in 2007 , and now held in odd-numbered years . The competitions are sanctioned by International Table Tennis Federation ( ITTF ) and classified as R1 in rating weightings , B2 in bonus weightings in the ITTF world ranking ."}]}, {'value': 'Jinan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jinan', 'summary': 'Jinan , alternately romanized as Tsinan , [ a ] is the capital of Shandong province in Eastern China . The area of present-day Jinan has played an important role in the history of the region from the earliest beginnings of civilization and has evolved into a major national administrative , economic , and transportation hub . The city has held sub-provincial administrative status since 1994 . Jinan is often called the Spring City for its famous 72 artesian springs . Its population was 6.8 million at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Men 's singles", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'World Championships', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/World_Table_Tennis_Championships', 'summary': "The World Table Tennis Championships have been held since 1926 , biennially since 1957 . Five individual events , which include men 's singles , women 's singles , men 's doubles , women 's double and mixed doubles , are currently held in odd numbered years . The World Team Table Tennis Championships , which include men 's team and women 's team events , were first their own competition in 2000 . The Team Championships are held in even numbered years . In the earlier days of the tournament , Hungary 's men 's team was a dominant force , winning the championships 12 times . This was followed by a short period of dominance by Japan in the 1950s . From the 1960s onwards , China emerged as the new dominant power in this tournament and , with the exception of 1989-2000 , when Sweden won four times , China continues to dominate the sport . China 's men 's team holds a record 20 world team championship titles . In the 1950s , Japan 's women team was a force to be reckoned with winning a total of 8 titles . The Chinese women started their strong grip on the world team championships from the 1970s onwards . They have only lost twice since 1975 . China holds 21 women 's team titles ."}]}, {'value': 'New Delhi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Delhi', 'summary': 'New Delhi ( /ˈdɛli/ ( listen ) , Hindi : [ nəi dɪlːi ] Naī Dillī ) is an urban district of Delhi which serves as the capital of India and seat of all three branches of the Government of India . The foundation stone of the city was laid by Emperor George V during the Delhi Durbar of 1911 . It was designed by British architects , Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker . The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931 , by Viceroy and Governor-General of India Lord Irwin . Although colloquially Delhi and New Delhi are used interchangeably to refer to the National Capital Territory of Delhi ( NCT ) , these are two distinct entities , with New Delhi forming a small part of Delhi . The National Capital Region is a much larger entity comprising the entire NCT along with adjoining districts in neighbouring states .'}]}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Men 's team", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'World Championships', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/World_Table_Tennis_Championships', 'summary': "The World Table Tennis Championships have been held since 1926 , biennially since 1957 . Five individual events , which include men 's singles , women 's singles , men 's doubles , women 's double and mixed doubles , are currently held in odd numbered years . The World Team Table Tennis Championships , which include men 's team and women 's team events , were first their own competition in 2000 . The Team Championships are held in even numbered years . In the earlier days of the tournament , Hungary 's men 's team was a dominant force , winning the championships 12 times . This was followed by a short period of dominance by Japan in the 1950s . From the 1960s onwards , China emerged as the new dominant power in this tournament and , with the exception of 1989-2000 , when Sweden won four times , China continues to dominate the sport . China 's men 's team holds a record 20 world team championship titles . In the 1950s , Japan 's women team was a force to be reckoned with winning a total of 8 titles . The Chinese women started their strong grip on the world team championships from the 1970s onwards . They have only lost twice since 1975 . China holds 21 women 's team titles ."}]}, {'value': 'New Delhi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_Delhi', 'summary': 'New Delhi ( /ˈdɛli/ ( listen ) , Hindi : [ nəi dɪlːi ] Naī Dillī ) is an urban district of Delhi which serves as the capital of India and seat of all three branches of the Government of India . The foundation stone of the city was laid by Emperor George V during the Delhi Durbar of 1911 . It was designed by British architects , Sir Edwin Lutyens and Sir Herbert Baker . The new capital was inaugurated on 13 February 1931 , by Viceroy and Governor-General of India Lord Irwin . Although colloquially Delhi and New Delhi are used interchangeably to refer to the National Capital Territory of Delhi ( NCT ) , these are two distinct entities , with New Delhi forming a small part of Delhi . The National Capital Region is a much larger entity comprising the entire NCT along with adjoining districts in neighbouring states .'}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Men 's doubles", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'World Championships', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/World_Table_Tennis_Championships', 'summary': "The World Table Tennis Championships have been held since 1926 , biennially since 1957 . Five individual events , which include men 's singles , women 's singles , men 's doubles , women 's double and mixed doubles , are currently held in odd numbered years . The World Team Table Tennis Championships , which include men 's team and women 's team events , were first their own competition in 2000 . The Team Championships are held in even numbered years . In the earlier days of the tournament , Hungary 's men 's team was a dominant force , winning the championships 12 times . This was followed by a short period of dominance by Japan in the 1950s . From the 1960s onwards , China emerged as the new dominant power in this tournament and , with the exception of 1989-2000 , when Sweden won four times , China continues to dominate the sport . China 's men 's team holds a record 20 world team championship titles . In the 1950s , Japan 's women team was a force to be reckoned with winning a total of 8 titles . The Chinese women started their strong grip on the world team championships from the 1970s onwards . They have only lost twice since 1975 . China holds 21 women 's team titles ."}]}, {'value': 'Chiba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chiba,_Chiba', 'summary': "Chiba ( 千葉市 , Chiba-shi , Japanese : [ tɕiꜜba ] ) is the capital city of Chiba Prefecture , Japan . It sits about 40 kilometres ( 25 mi ) southeast of the centre of Tokyo on Tokyo Bay . Chiba City became a government-designated city in 1992 . In June 2019 , its population was 979,768 , with a population density of 3,605 people per km² . The city has an area of 271.77 square kilometres ( 104.93 sq mi ) . Chiba City is one of the Kantō region 's primary seaports , and is home to Chiba Port , which handles one of the highest volumes of cargo in the nation . Much of the city is residential , although there are many factories and warehouses along the coast . There are several major urban centres in the city , including Makuhari , a prime waterfront business district in which Makuhari Messe is located , and Central Chiba , in which the prefectural government office and the city hall are located . Chiba is famous for the Chiba Urban Monorail , the longest suspended monorail in the world . Some popular destinations in the city include : Kasori Shell Midden , the largest shellmound in the world at 134,000 m2 ( 160,000 sq yd ) , Inage Beach , the first artificial beach in the nation which forms part of the longest artificial beach in Japan , and the Chiba City Zoological Park , popular on account of the standing red panda Futa ."}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Men 's team", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'World Championships', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/World_Table_Tennis_Championships', 'summary': "The World Table Tennis Championships have been held since 1926 , biennially since 1957 . Five individual events , which include men 's singles , women 's singles , men 's doubles , women 's double and mixed doubles , are currently held in odd numbered years . The World Team Table Tennis Championships , which include men 's team and women 's team events , were first their own competition in 2000 . The Team Championships are held in even numbered years . In the earlier days of the tournament , Hungary 's men 's team was a dominant force , winning the championships 12 times . This was followed by a short period of dominance by Japan in the 1950s . From the 1960s onwards , China emerged as the new dominant power in this tournament and , with the exception of 1989-2000 , when Sweden won four times , China continues to dominate the sport . China 's men 's team holds a record 20 world team championship titles . In the 1950s , Japan 's women team was a force to be reckoned with winning a total of 8 titles . The Chinese women started their strong grip on the world team championships from the 1970s onwards . They have only lost twice since 1975 . China holds 21 women 's team titles ."}]}, {'value': 'Gothenburg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gothenburg', 'summary': "Gothenburg ( /ˈɡɒθənbɜːrɡ/ ( listen ) ; abbreviated Gbg ; Swedish : Göteborg [ jœtɛˈbɔrj ] ( listen ) ) is the second-largest city in Sweden , fifth-largest in the Nordic countries , and capital of the Västra Götaland County . It is situated by Kattegat , on the west coast of Sweden , and has a population of approximately 570,000 in the city proper and about 1 million inhabitants in the metropolitan area . Gothenburg was founded as a heavily fortified , primarily Dutch , trading colony , by royal charter in 1621 by King Gustavus Adolphus . In addition to the generous privileges ( e.g . tax relaxation ) given to his Dutch allies from the then-ongoing Thirty Years ' War , the king also attracted significant numbers of his German and Scottish allies to populate his only town on the western coast . At a key strategic location at the mouth of the Göta älv , where Scandinavia 's largest drainage basin enters the sea , the Port of Gothenburg is now the largest port in the Nordic countries . Gothenburg is home to many students , as the city includes the University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology . Volvo was founded in Gothenburg in 1927 . The original parent Volvo Group and the now separate Volvo Car Corporation are still headquartered on the island of Hisingen in the city . Other key companies are SKF and Astra Zeneca . Gothenburg is served by Göteborg Landvetter Airport 30 km ( 19 mi ) southeast of the city center . The smaller Göteborg City Airport , 15 km ( 9.3 mi ) from the city center , was closed to regular airline traffic in 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Men 's singles", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'World Championships', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/World_Table_Tennis_Championships', 'summary': "The World Table Tennis Championships have been held since 1926 , biennially since 1957 . Five individual events , which include men 's singles , women 's singles , men 's doubles , women 's double and mixed doubles , are currently held in odd numbered years . The World Team Table Tennis Championships , which include men 's team and women 's team events , were first their own competition in 2000 . The Team Championships are held in even numbered years . In the earlier days of the tournament , Hungary 's men 's team was a dominant force , winning the championships 12 times . This was followed by a short period of dominance by Japan in the 1950s . From the 1960s onwards , China emerged as the new dominant power in this tournament and , with the exception of 1989-2000 , when Sweden won four times , China continues to dominate the sport . China 's men 's team holds a record 20 world team championship titles . In the 1950s , Japan 's women team was a force to be reckoned with winning a total of 8 titles . The Chinese women started their strong grip on the world team championships from the 1970s onwards . They have only lost twice since 1975 . China holds 21 women 's team titles ."}]}, {'value': 'Tianjin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tianjin', 'summary': "Tianjin ( [ tʰjɛ́n.tɕín ] ( listen ) ) , alternatively romanized as Tientsin , is a municipality and a coastal metropolis in Northern China on the shore of the Bohai Sea . It is one of the nine national central cities in Mainland China , with a total population estimated at 15,621,200 in 2016 . Its built-up ( or metro ) area , made up of 12 central districts ( all but Baodi , Jizhou , Jinghai and Ninghe ) , was home to 12,491,300 inhabitants in 2016 and is also the world 's 29th-largest agglomeration ( between Chengdu and Rio de Janeiro ) and 11th-most populous city proper . It is governed as one of the four municipalities under the direct administration of central government of the PRC and is thus under direct administration of the central government . Tianjin borders Hebei Province and Beijing Municipality , bounded to the east by the Bohai Gulf portion of the Yellow Sea . Part of the Bohai Economic Rim , it is the largest coastal city in northern China . In terms of urban population , Tianjin is the fourth largest in China , after Shanghai , Beijing , and Guangzhou . In terms of administrative area population , Tianjin ranks fifth in Mainland China . The walled city of Tianjin was built in 1404 . As a treaty port since 1860 , Tianjin has been a major seaport and gateway to Beijing . During the Boxer Rebellion the city was the seat of the Tianjin Provisional Government . Under the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China , Tianjin became one of the largest cities in the region ."}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Men 's doubles", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'World Championships', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/World_Table_Tennis_Championships', 'summary': "The World Table Tennis Championships have been held since 1926 , biennially since 1957 . Five individual events , which include men 's singles , women 's singles , men 's doubles , women 's double and mixed doubles , are currently held in odd numbered years . The World Team Table Tennis Championships , which include men 's team and women 's team events , were first their own competition in 2000 . The Team Championships are held in even numbered years . In the earlier days of the tournament , Hungary 's men 's team was a dominant force , winning the championships 12 times . This was followed by a short period of dominance by Japan in the 1950s . From the 1960s onwards , China emerged as the new dominant power in this tournament and , with the exception of 1989-2000 , when Sweden won four times , China continues to dominate the sport . China 's men 's team holds a record 20 world team championship titles . In the 1950s , Japan 's women team was a force to be reckoned with winning a total of 8 titles . The Chinese women started their strong grip on the world team championships from the 1970s onwards . They have only lost twice since 1975 . China holds 21 women 's team titles ."}]}, {'value': 'Eindhoven', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eindhoven', 'summary': 'Eindhoven ( /ˈaɪnthoʊvən/ EYENT-hoh-vən , Dutch : [ ˈɛintɦoːvə ( n ) ] ( listen ) ) is the fifth-largest city and a municipality of the Netherlands , located in the south of the country . It had a population of 231,469 in 2019 , making it the largest city in the province of North Brabant . Eindhoven was originally located at the confluence of the Dommel and Gender . Neighbouring cities and towns include Son en Breugel , Nuenen , Geldrop-Mierlo , Helmond , Heeze-Leende , Waalre , Veldhoven , Eersel , Oirschot and Best . The agglomeration has a population of 337,487 . The metropolitan area consists of 419,045 inhabitants . The city region has a population of 753,426 . The Brabantse Stedenrij combined metropolitan area has about 2 million inhabitants .'}]}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Men 's doubles", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'European Championships', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Prague', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prague', 'summary': "Prague ( /prɑːɡ/ ; Czech : Praha [ ˈpraɦa ] ( listen ) , German : Prag , Latin : Praga ) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic , the 13th largest city in the European Union and the historical capital of Bohemia . Situated on the Vltava river , Prague is home to about 1.3 million people , while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of 2.6 million . The city has a temperate oceanic climate , with relatively warm summers and chilly winters . Prague is a political , cultural and economic centre of central Europe complete with a rich history . Founded during the Romanesque and flourishing by the Gothic , Renaissance and Baroque eras , Prague was the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the main residence of several Holy Roman Emperors , most notably of Charles IV ( r. 1346-1378 ) . It was an important city to the Habsburg Monarchy and its Austro-Hungarian Empire . The city played major roles in the Bohemian and Protestant Reformation , the Thirty Years ' War and in 20th-century history as the capital of Czechoslovakia between the World Wars and the post-war Communist era . Prague is home to a number of well-known cultural attractions , many of which survived the violence and destruction of 20th-century Europe . Main attractions include Prague Castle , Charles Bridge , Old Town Square with the Prague astronomical clock , the Jewish Quarter , Petřín hill and Vyšehrad . Since 1992 , the extensive historic centre of Prague has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites . The city has more than ten major museums , along with numerous theatres , galleries , cinemas and other historical exhibits . An extensive modern public transportation system connects the city ."}]}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Men 's doubles", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'European Championships', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paris', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paris', 'summary': "Paris ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ paʁi ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of France , with a population of 2,148,271 residents ( official estimate , 1 January 2020 ) in an area of 105 square kilometres ( 41 square miles ) . Since the 17th century , Paris has been one of Europe 's major centres of finance , diplomacy , commerce , fashion , science and the arts . The City of Paris is the centre and seat of government of the Île-de-France , or Paris Region , which has an estimated official 2020 population of 12,278,210 , or about 18 percent of the population of France . The Paris Region had a GDP of €709 billion ( $ 808 billion ) in 2017 . According to the Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Living Survey in 2018 , Paris was the second most expensive city in the world , after Singapore , and ahead of Zürich , Hong Kong , Oslo and Geneva . Another source ranked Paris as most expensive , on a par with Singapore and Hong Kong , in 2018 . The city is a major railway , highway and air-transport hub served by two international airports : Paris-Charles de Gaulle ( the second busiest airport in Europe ) and Paris-Orly . Opened in 1900 , the city 's subway system , the Paris Métro , serves 5.23 million passengers daily ; it is the second busiest metro system in Europe after the Moscow Metro . Gare du Nord is the 24th busiest railway station in the world , but the first located outside Japan , with 262 million passengers in 2015 . Paris is especially known for its museums and architectural landmarks : the Louvre was among most visited art museums in the world in 2019 , with 9.6 million visitors . The Musée d'Orsay , Musée Marmottan Monet , and Musée de l'Orangerie are noted for their collections of French Impressionist art , the Pompidou Centre Musée National d'Art Moderne has the largest collection of modern and contemporary art in Europe , and the Musée Rodin and Musée Picasso exhibit the works of the two noted Parisians . The historical district along the Seine in the city centre is classified as a UNESCO Heritage Site , and popular landmarks in the city centre included the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris , now closed for renovation after the 15 April 2019 fire ."}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Men 's doubles", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'European Championships', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gothenburg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gothenburg', 'summary': "Gothenburg ( /ˈɡɒθənbɜːrɡ/ ( listen ) ; abbreviated Gbg ; Swedish : Göteborg [ jœtɛˈbɔrj ] ( listen ) ) is the second-largest city in Sweden , fifth-largest in the Nordic countries , and capital of the Västra Götaland County . It is situated by Kattegat , on the west coast of Sweden , and has a population of approximately 570,000 in the city proper and about 1 million inhabitants in the metropolitan area . Gothenburg was founded as a heavily fortified , primarily Dutch , trading colony , by royal charter in 1621 by King Gustavus Adolphus . In addition to the generous privileges ( e.g . tax relaxation ) given to his Dutch allies from the then-ongoing Thirty Years ' War , the king also attracted significant numbers of his German and Scottish allies to populate his only town on the western coast . At a key strategic location at the mouth of the Göta älv , where Scandinavia 's largest drainage basin enters the sea , the Port of Gothenburg is now the largest port in the Nordic countries . Gothenburg is home to many students , as the city includes the University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology . Volvo was founded in Gothenburg in 1927 . The original parent Volvo Group and the now separate Volvo Car Corporation are still headquartered on the island of Hisingen in the city . Other key companies are SKF and Astra Zeneca . Gothenburg is served by Göteborg Landvetter Airport 30 km ( 19 mi ) southeast of the city center . The smaller Göteborg City Airport , 15 km ( 9.3 mi ) from the city center , was closed to regular airline traffic in 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Men 's team", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'European Championships', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gothenburg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gothenburg', 'summary': "Gothenburg ( /ˈɡɒθənbɜːrɡ/ ( listen ) ; abbreviated Gbg ; Swedish : Göteborg [ jœtɛˈbɔrj ] ( listen ) ) is the second-largest city in Sweden , fifth-largest in the Nordic countries , and capital of the Västra Götaland County . It is situated by Kattegat , on the west coast of Sweden , and has a population of approximately 570,000 in the city proper and about 1 million inhabitants in the metropolitan area . Gothenburg was founded as a heavily fortified , primarily Dutch , trading colony , by royal charter in 1621 by King Gustavus Adolphus . In addition to the generous privileges ( e.g . tax relaxation ) given to his Dutch allies from the then-ongoing Thirty Years ' War , the king also attracted significant numbers of his German and Scottish allies to populate his only town on the western coast . At a key strategic location at the mouth of the Göta älv , where Scandinavia 's largest drainage basin enters the sea , the Port of Gothenburg is now the largest port in the Nordic countries . Gothenburg is home to many students , as the city includes the University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology . Volvo was founded in Gothenburg in 1927 . The original parent Volvo Group and the now separate Volvo Car Corporation are still headquartered on the island of Hisingen in the city . Other key companies are SKF and Astra Zeneca . Gothenburg is served by Göteborg Landvetter Airport 30 km ( 19 mi ) southeast of the city center . The smaller Göteborg City Airport , 15 km ( 9.3 mi ) from the city center , was closed to regular airline traffic in 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Men 's doubles", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'European Championships', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stuttgart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stuttgart', 'summary': "Stuttgart ( /ˈʃtʊtɡɑːrt/ SHTUUT-gart , also US : /ˈstʌt- , ˈstʊt-/ STU ( U ) T- ; German : [ ˈʃtʊtɡaʁt ] ( listen ) ; Swabian : Schduagert [ ˈʒ̊d̥ua̯ɡ̊ɛʕd̥ ] ; names in other languages ) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg . Stuttgart is located on the Neckar river in a fertile valley known locally as the Stuttgart Cauldron . It lies an hour from the Swabian Jura and the Black Forest . Its urban area has a population of 634,830 , making it the sixth largest city in Germany . 2.8 million people live in the city 's administrative region and 5.3 million people in its metropolitan area , making it the fourth largest metropolitan area in Germany . The city and metropolitan area are consistently ranked among the top 20 European metropolitan areas by GDP ; Mercer listed Stuttgart as 21st on its 2015 list of cities by quality of living , [ a ] innovation agency 2thinknow ranked the city 24th globally out of 442 cities [ b ] and the Globalization and World Cities Research Network ranked the city as a Beta-status world city in their 2014 survey. , Stuttgart was one of the host cities of the official tournaments for the 1974 and 2006 FIFA World Cup . Since the 7th millennium BC , the Stuttgart area has been an important agricultural area and has been host to a number of cultures seeking to utilize the rich soil of the Neckar valley . The Roman Empire conquered the area in 83 AD and built a massive castrum near Bad Cannstatt , making it the most important regional centre for several centuries . Stuttgart 's roots were truly laid in the 10th century with its founding by Liudolf , Duke of Swabia , as a stud farm for his warhorses . Initially overshadowed by nearby Cannstatt , the town grew steadily and was granted a charter in 1320 . The fortunes of Stuttgart turned with those of the House of Württemberg , and they made it the capital of their county , duchy , and kingdom from the 15th century to 1918 . Stuttgart prospered despite setbacks in the Thirty Years ' War and devastating air raids by the Allies on the city and its automobile production during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Men 's singles", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'European Championships', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stuttgart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stuttgart', 'summary': "Stuttgart ( /ˈʃtʊtɡɑːrt/ SHTUUT-gart , also US : /ˈstʌt- , ˈstʊt-/ STU ( U ) T- ; German : [ ˈʃtʊtɡaʁt ] ( listen ) ; Swabian : Schduagert [ ˈʒ̊d̥ua̯ɡ̊ɛʕd̥ ] ; names in other languages ) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg . Stuttgart is located on the Neckar river in a fertile valley known locally as the Stuttgart Cauldron . It lies an hour from the Swabian Jura and the Black Forest . Its urban area has a population of 634,830 , making it the sixth largest city in Germany . 2.8 million people live in the city 's administrative region and 5.3 million people in its metropolitan area , making it the fourth largest metropolitan area in Germany . The city and metropolitan area are consistently ranked among the top 20 European metropolitan areas by GDP ; Mercer listed Stuttgart as 21st on its 2015 list of cities by quality of living , [ a ] innovation agency 2thinknow ranked the city 24th globally out of 442 cities [ b ] and the Globalization and World Cities Research Network ranked the city as a Beta-status world city in their 2014 survey. , Stuttgart was one of the host cities of the official tournaments for the 1974 and 2006 FIFA World Cup . Since the 7th millennium BC , the Stuttgart area has been an important agricultural area and has been host to a number of cultures seeking to utilize the rich soil of the Neckar valley . The Roman Empire conquered the area in 83 AD and built a massive castrum near Bad Cannstatt , making it the most important regional centre for several centuries . Stuttgart 's roots were truly laid in the 10th century with its founding by Liudolf , Duke of Swabia , as a stud farm for his warhorses . Initially overshadowed by nearby Cannstatt , the town grew steadily and was granted a charter in 1320 . The fortunes of Stuttgart turned with those of the House of Württemberg , and they made it the capital of their county , duchy , and kingdom from the 15th century to 1918 . Stuttgart prospered despite setbacks in the Thirty Years ' War and devastating air raids by the Allies on the city and its automobile production during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mixed doubles', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'European Championships', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Birmingham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Birmingham', 'summary': "Birmingham ( /ˈbɜːmɪŋəm/ ( listen ) BUR-ming-əm ) is a major city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands , England . It is the second-largest city and metropolitan area in England and the United Kingdom , [ b ] with roughly 1.1 million inhabitants within the city area and 3.8 million inhabitants within the metropolitan area . Birmingham is commonly referred to as the second city of the United Kingdom . Located in the West Midlands county and region in England , approximately 100 miles ( 160 km ) from Central London , Birmingham , as one of the United Kingdom 's major cities , is considered to be the social , cultural , financial , and commercial centre of both the East and West Midlands . Distinctively , Birmingham only has small rivers flowing through it , mainly the River Tame and its tributaries River Rea and River Cole - one of the closest main rivers is the Severn , approximately 20 miles ( 32 km ) west of the city centre . Birmingham 's urban area is the second-largest in the United Kingdom , with its most recently estimated population in 2017 being 2,897,303 , and it also lies within the most populated English district . A market town in the medieval period , Birmingham grew in the 18th-century Midlands Enlightenment and subsequent Industrial Revolution , which saw advances in science , technology , and economic development , producing a series of innovations that laid many of the foundations of modern industrial society . By 1791 it was being hailed as the first manufacturing town in the world . Birmingham 's distinctive economic profile , with thousands of small workshops practising a wide variety of specialised and highly skilled trades , encouraged exceptional levels of creativity and innovation and provided an economic base for prosperity that was to last into the final quarter of the 20th century . The Watt steam engine was invented in Birmingham . The resulting high level of social mobility also fostered a culture of political radicalism which , under leaders from Thomas Attwood to Joseph Chamberlain , was to give it a political influence unparalleled in Britain outside London , and a pivotal role in the development of British democracy . From the summer of 1940 to the spring of 1943 , Birmingham was bombed heavily by the German Luftwaffe in what is known as the Birmingham Blitz ."}]}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Men 's singles", 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Achievements', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Zoran_Primorac_0', 'intro': 'Zoran Primorac /ˈzoʊrən ˈpriːməˌræts/ (born 10 May 1969) is a retired male table tennis player from Croatia. He is a two time winner of the World Cup and one of only three table tennis players to have competed at seven Olympic Games. His highest ITTF world ranking was number 2, in 1998.'}
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What is the year of the competition whose venue city fell to the British during the First Opium War ?
1993
04c5a8bb0b3b1a5b
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_New_York_Mets_owners_and_executives', 'title': 'List of New York Mets owners and executives', 'header': ['#', 'Name', 'Seasons'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'George Weiss', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Weiss_(baseball)', 'summary': "George Martin Weiss ( June 23 , 1894 - August 13 , 1972 ) was an American professional baseball executive . Elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1971 , Weiss was one of the Major Leagues ' most successful farm system directors and general managers during his 29-year-long tenure with the New York Yankees . Working as the head of the Yankees ' player-development system from 1932 to 1947 , he established it as one of the two best in the game , helping the Bronx Bombers win nine American League pennants and eight World Series championships over 16 full years . Then , during Weiss ' 13 full seasons as the Yankees ' general manager from October 1947 to October 1960 , the team won ten AL pennants and seven more World Series titles , compiling a regular-season winning percentage of .622 ( 1,243-756 ) . He later became the first club president of the New York Mets from 1961 to 1966 after that expansion franchise was formed ."}]}, {'value': '1962 - 1966', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1962_Major_League_Baseball_season', 'summary': 'The 1962 Major League Baseball season was contested from April 9 to October 16 , 1962 . The National League played a 162-game schedule for the first time , having added the Houston Colt .45s and the New York Mets as expansion teams . The American League had played its first 162-game schedule a year earlier . The NL returned to New York City after a four-year absence , though the Mets would finish in last place . The National League went to a tie-breaker series to decide the Pennant winner won by the San Francisco Giants over the Los Angeles Dodgers 2 games to 1 . In the World Series the New York Yankees defeated the San Francisco Giants 4 games to 3 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1966_Major_League_Baseball_season', 'summary': "The 1966 Major League Baseball season was contested from April 11 to October 9 , 1966 . The Braves played their inaugural season in Atlanta , following their relocation from Milwaukee . Three teams played the 1966 season in new stadiums . On April 12 , the Braves ushered in Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium with the Pittsburgh Pirates taking a 3-2 win in 13 innings . One week later , Anaheim Stadium opened with the California Angels losing to the Chicago White Sox , 3-1 in the Angels ' debut in neighboring Orange County . On May 8 , the St. Louis Cardinals closed out old Sportsman 's Park/Busch Stadium I with a 10-5 loss to the San Francisco Giants before opening the new Busch Memorial Stadium four days later with a 4-3 win in 12 innings over the Atlanta Braves . In the World Series the Baltimore Orioles defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers 4 games to 0 ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bing Devine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bing_Devine', 'summary': "Vaughan Pallmore Bing Devine ( March 1 , 1916 - January 27 , 2007 ) was an American front office executive in Major League Baseball . In the prime of his career , as a general manager , the executive who is responsible for all baseball operations , Devine was a major architect of four National League champions and three World Series champions in the six years from 1964 through 1969 . Specifically , Devine served as general manager of the St. Louis Cardinals from November 12 , 1957 , through August 17 , 1964 , and was directly responsible for putting the 1964 world champion Cardinals on the field - even though he had been fired with six weeks remaining in the season , one of the most bizarre events in baseball annals . Many of the players Devine acquired led the Cardinals to the 1967 world title and the 1968 NL championship , the latter occurring during Devine 's second tour ( 1968-78 ) as the Cardinals ' general manager . In between those terms , from 1965-67 , Devine was assistant to the president and then president ( and de facto general manager ) of the New York Mets , where he helped put together the organization that turned the franchise from baseball 's laughingstocks into 1969 's world champions as the Miracle Mets . During the 1980s , he also served as president of the St. Louis football Cardinals of the National Football League ."}]}, {'value': '1967', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1967_Major_League_Baseball_season', 'summary': 'The 1967 Major League Baseball season was contested from April 10 to October 12 , 1967 . The St. Louis Cardinals defeated the Boston Red Sox four games to three in the World Series , which was the first World Series appearance for the Red Sox in 21 years . Following the season , the Kansas City Athletics relocated to Oakland .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Johnny Murphy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johnny_Murphy', 'summary': 'John Joseph Murphy ( July 14 , 1908 - January 14 , 1970 ) was an All-Star American right-handed relief pitcher in Major League Baseball ( 1932 , 1934-43 , 1946-47 ) who later became a front office executive in the game .'}]}, {'value': '1968 - 1969', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1968_Major_League_Baseball_season', 'summary': "The 1968 Major League Baseball season was contested from April 10 to October 10 , 1968 . It was the last season of the traditional two-league system before each of the leagues were split into divisions for the following season . It featured the most dominant pitching year of the modern era , and the first season of the Oakland Athletics ( having moved from Kansas City after the 1967 season ) . The 1968 season was the last year of baseball 's pre-playoffs era , in which the team that finished in first place in each league went directly to the World Series to face each other for the World Championship . Following the addition of expansion teams in 1961 and 1962 , the regular season was extended from 154 games to 162 games . In order to maintain a 162-game season , a playoff system was developed following the addition of expansion teams in 1969 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1969_Major_League_Baseball_season', 'summary': 'The 1969 Major League Baseball season was celebrated as the 100th anniversary of professional baseball , honoring the first professional touring baseball team , the Cincinnati Red Stockings .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bob Scheffing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bob_Scheffing', 'summary': 'Robert Boden Scheffing ( August 11 , 1913 - October 26 , 1985 ) was an American professional baseball player , coach , manager and front-office executive . Nicknamed Grumpy , the native of Overland , Missouri , is most often identified with the Chicago Cubs , for whom he played as a catcher ( 1941-42 , 1946-50 ) , coached ( 1954-55 ) , and managed ( 1957-59 ) . Scheffing threw and batted right-handed ; he was listed as 6 feet 2 inches ( 1.88 m ) tall and 180 pounds ( 82 kg ) .'}]}, {'value': '1970 - 1974', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1970_Major_League_Baseball_season', 'summary': 'The 1970 Major League Baseball season . The Seattle Pilots relocated to Milwaukee and became the Brewers , thus returning Major League Baseball to Wisconsin for the first time since the relocation of the Milwaukee Braves to Atlanta following the 1965 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1974_Major_League_Baseball_season', 'summary': "The 1974 Major League Baseball season . The Oakland Athletics won their third consecutive World Series , defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers four games to one . Two notable personal milestones were achieved during the 1974 season . The first came on April 8 , when Hank Aaron of the Atlanta Braves blasted his 715th career home run , breaking the all-time career home run mark of 714 set by Babe Ruth . Aaron would finish his career with 755 home runs , a record that would stand until Barry Bonds broke it in 2007 . The second milestone came on September 10 , when the St. Louis Cardinals ' Lou Brock stole his 105th base off pitcher Dick Ruthven and catcher Bob Boone of the Philadelphia Phillies . This broke the single-season stolen base record of 104 , set by Maury Wills in 1962 . Brock stole 118 bases , a record that would stand until 1982 , when Rickey Henderson stole 130 ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joe McDonald', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joe_McDonald_(baseball_executive)', 'summary': 'Joseph A. McDonald ( born July 5 , 1929 in Staten Island , New York ) is a former front office executive in American Major League Baseball .'}]}, {'value': '1975 - 1979', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1975_Major_League_Baseball_season', 'summary': "The 1975 Major League Baseball season saw Frank Robinson become the first black manager in the Major Leagues . He managed the Cleveland Indians . At the All-Star Break , there were discussions of Bowie Kuhn 's reappointment . Charlie Finley , New York owner George Steinbrenner and Baltimore owner Jerry Hoffberger were part of a group that wanted him gone . Finley was trying to convince the new owner of the Texas Rangers Brad Corbett that MLB needed a more dynamic commissioner . During the vote , Baltimore and New York decided to vote in favour of the commissioner 's reappointment . In addition , there were discussions of expansion for 1977 , with Seattle and Washington , D.C. as the proposed cities for expansion ."}, {'url': '/wiki/1979_Major_League_Baseball_season', 'summary': "The 1979 Major League Baseball season . None of the post-season teams of 1977 or 1978 returned to this year 's postseason . In a re-match of the 1971 World Series , the Pittsburgh Pirates defeated the Baltimore Orioles in seven games in the 1979 World Series ."}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frank Cashen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frank_Cashen', 'summary': 'John Francis Frank Cashen ( September 13 , 1925 - June 30 , 2014 ) was a Major League Baseball general manager . He was an executive when the Baltimore Orioles won the 1966 World Series , and 1970 World Series while winning three consecutive AL pennants from 1969 to 1971 . Later he became General Manager of the New York Mets from 1980 to 1991 , and the club won the 1986 World Series during his tenure .'}]}, {'value': '1980 - 1991', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1980_Major_League_Baseball_season', 'summary': 'The 1980 Major League Baseball season saw the Philadelphia Phillies win their first World Series Championship .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1990_Major_League_Baseball_season', 'summary': 'The 1990 Major League Baseball season saw the Cincinnati Reds upset the heavily favored Oakland Athletics in the World Series , for their first title since 1976 .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Al Harazin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Al_Harazin', 'summary': 'Al Harazin served as the New York Mets assistant general manager from 1986 to 1990 , and from 1992 to 1993 he served as their general manager .'}]}, {'value': '1992 - 1993', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_Major_League_Baseball_season', 'summary': 'The 1991 Major League Baseball season saw the Minnesota Twins defeat the Atlanta Braves for the World Series title , in a series where every game was won by the home team .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1993_Major_League_Baseball_season', 'summary': 'The 1993 Major League Baseball season was the final season of two-division play in each league , before the Central Division was added the following season , giving both the NL and AL three divisions each . Sixteen years after the American League expanded from 12 to 14 teams , the National League finally followed suit , with the Colorado Rockies and the Florida Marlins ( now the Miami Marlins ) joining the NL . It was also the first season since 1976 that both leagues had the same number of teams . The Toronto Blue Jays capped off the season by winning their second consecutive World Series title , beating the Philadelphia Phillies in six games . The World Series was clinched when , in one of the most famous moments in baseball , Joe Carter hit a three-run walk off home run in the 9th to seal the victory at home .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Joe McIlvaine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joe_McIlvaine', 'summary': "Joseph Peter McIlvaine ( born 1949 in Narbeth , Pennsylvania ) is a baseball executive and former professional baseball player . McIlvaine played in the Detroit Tigers minor league system for 5 seasons . ( 1969 to 1973 ) He posted a win-loss record of 16-16 and an ERA of 3.84 . During the 1970s , he was a scout in the Baltimore Orioles , California Angels and Milwaukee Brewers organizations . He became the New York Mets scouting director in 1981 and held that position until 1985 . He served as the Mets assistant general manager from 1986 to 1990 until he became the general manager of the San Diego Padres in 1991 . He stayed in that position until 1993 . In August 1993 , he was hired to replace Al Harazin as the Mets general manager , and he served as the Mets ' general manager until July 1997 . He was a special assistant to the Minnesota Twins general manager from 1998-2012 . He was a Special Assistant to the General Manager of the Seattle Mariners . McIlvaine has returned to the Orioles as senior advisor , player personnel , the team announced Friday , February 12 , 2016 . He will advise the executive team at the Major League level and on scouting , with a strong focus on the major league baseball draft ."}]}, {'value': '1994 - 1997', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1994_Major_League_Baseball_season', 'summary': 'The 1994 Major League Baseball season ended on August 11 , 1994 , with the 1994-95 Major League Baseball strike . It was the first season played under the current three-division format in each league . It was also the first with an Opening Night game involving two National League teams , which did not become permanent until 1996 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/1997_Major_League_Baseball_season', 'summary': 'The 1997 Major League Baseball season was the inaugural season for Interleague play , as well as the final season in the American League for the Milwaukee Brewers before moving to the NL the following season . The California Angels changed their name to the Anaheim Angels . The Florida Marlins ended the season ( their fifth season in the majors ) as the World Champions defeating the Cleveland Indians in a seven-game World Series , four games to three .'}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Steve Phillips', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Phillips', 'summary': "Stephen Francis Steve Phillips ( born May 18 , 1963 ) is an American baseball analyst and former baseball executive . He served as the general manager of the New York Mets from 1997 through 2003 . He worked as a baseball analyst for ESPN from 2005 until his dismissal in October 2009 . He currently serves as an MLB analyst on TSN and TSN 1050 radio as well as the host of The Leadoff Spot on SiriusXM 's MLB Network Radio ."}]}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1997_Major_League_Baseball_season', 'summary': 'The 1997 Major League Baseball season was the inaugural season for Interleague play , as well as the final season in the American League for the Milwaukee Brewers before moving to the NL the following season . The California Angels changed their name to the Anaheim Angels . The Florida Marlins ended the season ( their fifth season in the majors ) as the World Champions defeating the Cleveland Indians in a seven-game World Series , four games to three .'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frank Cashen ( Interim )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frank_Cashen', 'summary': 'John Francis Frank Cashen ( September 13 , 1925 - June 30 , 2014 ) was a Major League Baseball general manager . He was an executive when the Baltimore Orioles won the 1966 World Series , and 1970 World Series while winning three consecutive AL pennants from 1969 to 1971 . Later he became General Manager of the New York Mets from 1980 to 1991 , and the club won the 1986 World Series during his tenure .'}]}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1998_Major_League_Baseball_season', 'summary': "The 1998 Major League Baseball season ended with the New York Yankees sweeping the San Diego Padres in the World Series , after they had won a then AL record 114 regular season games . The Yankees finished with 125 wins for the season ( regular season and playoffs combined ) , which remains the MLB record . The 1998 season was also marked by an expansion to 30 teams ( 16 in the NL , 14 in the AL ) , with two new teams-the Arizona Diamondbacks in the National League , and the Tampa Bay Devil Rays in the American League-added to the MLB ( as of 2019 , this is the last time MLB has expanded ) . To keep the leagues with even numbers of teams while allowing both leagues to have a new team , the Milwaukee Brewers were moved from the American League Central Division to the National League Central Division . The Detroit Tigers were shifted from the American League East to the American League Central , while the Devil Rays were added to the American League East . The Diamondbacks were added to the National League West , making the NL have more teams than the AL for the first time ( this arrangement would last until the end of the 2012 season , when the Houston Astros moved from the National to the American League for 2013 , giving each league 15 teams ) . The biggest story of the season was the historic chase of the single-season home run record held at the time by Roger Maris . Initially , the St. Louis Cardinals ' Mark McGwire and Ken Griffey , Jr. of the Seattle Mariners started the season on a pace to both break Maris ' record . In June , the chase was joined by the Chicago Cubs ' Sammy Sosa , who broke the decades-old record of Rudy York for most home runs in a calendar month with 20 that month . Eventually , Griffey fell off the record pace , but still ended with 56 homers . Both McGwire and Sosa broke the record in September , with McGwire ultimately finishing with 70 homers to Sosa 's 66 . McGwire 's record would last only three years , with Barry Bonds hitting 73 in 2001 ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Steve Phillips', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Phillips', 'summary': "Stephen Francis Steve Phillips ( born May 18 , 1963 ) is an American baseball analyst and former baseball executive . He served as the general manager of the New York Mets from 1997 through 2003 . He worked as a baseball analyst for ESPN from 2005 until his dismissal in October 2009 . He currently serves as an MLB analyst on TSN and TSN 1050 radio as well as the host of The Leadoff Spot on SiriusXM 's MLB Network Radio ."}]}, {'value': '1998 - 2003', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1998_Major_League_Baseball_season', 'summary': "The 1998 Major League Baseball season ended with the New York Yankees sweeping the San Diego Padres in the World Series , after they had won a then AL record 114 regular season games . The Yankees finished with 125 wins for the season ( regular season and playoffs combined ) , which remains the MLB record . The 1998 season was also marked by an expansion to 30 teams ( 16 in the NL , 14 in the AL ) , with two new teams-the Arizona Diamondbacks in the National League , and the Tampa Bay Devil Rays in the American League-added to the MLB ( as of 2019 , this is the last time MLB has expanded ) . To keep the leagues with even numbers of teams while allowing both leagues to have a new team , the Milwaukee Brewers were moved from the American League Central Division to the National League Central Division . The Detroit Tigers were shifted from the American League East to the American League Central , while the Devil Rays were added to the American League East . The Diamondbacks were added to the National League West , making the NL have more teams than the AL for the first time ( this arrangement would last until the end of the 2012 season , when the Houston Astros moved from the National to the American League for 2013 , giving each league 15 teams ) . The biggest story of the season was the historic chase of the single-season home run record held at the time by Roger Maris . Initially , the St. Louis Cardinals ' Mark McGwire and Ken Griffey , Jr. of the Seattle Mariners started the season on a pace to both break Maris ' record . In June , the chase was joined by the Chicago Cubs ' Sammy Sosa , who broke the decades-old record of Rudy York for most home runs in a calendar month with 20 that month . Eventually , Griffey fell off the record pace , but still ended with 56 homers . Both McGwire and Sosa broke the record in September , with McGwire ultimately finishing with 70 homers to Sosa 's 66 . McGwire 's record would last only three years , with Barry Bonds hitting 73 in 2001 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2003_Major_League_Baseball_season', 'summary': 'The 2003 Major League Baseball season ended when the Florida Marlins defeated the New York Yankees in a six-game World Series . The Detroit Tigers set the American League record for losses in a season , with 119 , and the Marlins became the first team to win the championship twice as a wild card .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jim Duquette', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jim_Duquette', 'summary': "James Duquette is an American baseball executive . He was the general manager of the New York Mets for the 2004 season , before the team replaced him with Omar Minaya . Duquette subsequently stayed with the Mets in a front office job for a full season before moving on to the Baltimore Orioles . With the Orioles former vice president of baseball operations , where he worked under Mike Flanagan , the team 's general manager . Duquette is currently a host on SiriusXM 's MLB Network Radio . Jim Duquette 's tenure as the Mets ' GM is largely remembered for the trade of top pitching prospect Scott Kazmir to the Tampa Bay Devil Rays for the right-handed pitcher , Victor Zambrano . That very same day , Duquette also traded away future All-Star José Bautista . Duquette was a standout baseball player himself at Williams College , in Williamstown , Massachusetts . Duquette 's cousin , Dan Duquette also was a major league general manager with the Montreal Expos and the Boston Red Sox and was most recently the Executive Vice-President of Baseball Operations for the Baltimore Orioles . His brother , Pat Duquette is the head men 's basketball coach at UMass Lowell . In 2019 , the three Duquettes were among 15 athletes , five coaches and three contributors to be inducted into the inaugural Dalton CRA Athletic Hall of Fame in Dalton , Mass . He is currently the co-host of Power Alley with Mike Ferrin on Sirius XM 's MLB Network Radio on Sirius 209 and XM 89 ."}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2004_Major_League_Baseball_season', 'summary': 'The 2004 Major League Baseball season ended when the Boston Red Sox defeated the St. Louis Cardinals in a four-game World Series sweep . This season was particularly notable since the Red Sox championship broke the 86-year-long popular myth known as the Curse of the Bambino . The Red Sox were also the first team in MLB history and the third team from a major North American professional sports league to ever come back from a 3-0 postseason series deficit , in the ALCS against the New York Yankees . The Montreal Expos would play their last season in Montreal , before re-locating to Washington DC , becoming the Washington Nationals in 2005 .'}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Omar Minaya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Omar_Minaya', 'summary': 'Omar Teodoro Antonio Minaya y Sánchez ( born November 10 , 1958 ) is the current Special Assistant to the General Manager of the New York Mets . He previously served as General Manager for the Montreal Expos and New York Mets .'}]}, {'value': '2005 - 2010', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2005_Major_League_Baseball_season', 'summary': "The 2005 Major League Baseball season was notable for the league 's new steroid policy in the wake of the BALCO scandal , which enforced harsher penalties than ever before for steroid use in Major League Baseball . Several players , including veteran Rafael Palmeiro , were suspended under the new policy . Besides steroids it was also notable that every team in the NL East division finished the season with at least 81 wins ( at least half of the 162 games played ) . Additionally it was the first season featuring a baseball team in Washington , D.C. after more than 4 decades , with the Washington Nationals having moved from Montreal . The Anaheim Angels changed their name to the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim . The season ended when the Chicago White Sox defeated the Houston Astros in a four-game sweep in the World Series , winning their first championship since 1917 . As of the 2019 season , this is the last season in which no no-hit games were pitched ; 2005 was also only the 6th year since 1949 in which no such games were thrown . [ a ]"}, {'url': '/wiki/2010_Major_League_Baseball_season', 'summary': 'The 2010 Major League Baseball season began April 4 , with the regular season ending on October 3 . The 2010 All-Star Game was played on July 13 at Angel Stadium of Anaheim in Anaheim , California . The National League ended a 13-game winless streak with a 3-1 victory . Due to this result , the World Series began October 27 in the city of the National League Champion , the San Francisco Giants , and ended November 1 when the Giants defeated the American League Champion Texas Rangers , four games to one .'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Ricco ( Interim )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Ricco', 'summary': "John Ricco ( born c. 1968 ) is an American baseball executive . He is a senior vice president of the New York Mets of Major League Baseball . He previously served as the Mets ' interim general manager ."}]}, {'value': '2010', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010_Major_League_Baseball_season', 'summary': 'The 2010 Major League Baseball season began April 4 , with the regular season ending on October 3 . The 2010 All-Star Game was played on July 13 at Angel Stadium of Anaheim in Anaheim , California . The National League ended a 13-game winless streak with a 3-1 victory . Due to this result , the World Series began October 27 in the city of the National League Champion , the San Francisco Giants , and ended November 1 when the Giants defeated the American League Champion Texas Rangers , four games to one .'}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sandy Alderson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sandy_Alderson', 'summary': "Richard Lynn Sandy Alderson ( born November 22 , 1947 ) is an American baseball executive . He is currently a senior adviser with the Oakland Athletics . He previously served as the general manager of the New York Mets from 2010 to 2018 , an executive in the Oakland Athletics and San Diego Padres organizations , and the commissioner 's office of Major League Baseball . As a front office executive , Alderson led the Athletics to a World Series championship in 1989 and led the Athletics to the World Series in three straight seasons . Alderson led the Mets to the World Series in 2015 ."}]}, {'value': '2010 -2018', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010_Major_League_Baseball_season', 'summary': 'The 2010 Major League Baseball season began April 4 , with the regular season ending on October 3 . The 2010 All-Star Game was played on July 13 at Angel Stadium of Anaheim in Anaheim , California . The National League ended a 13-game winless streak with a 3-1 victory . Due to this result , the World Series began October 27 in the city of the National League Champion , the San Francisco Giants , and ended November 1 when the Giants defeated the American League Champion Texas Rangers , four games to one .'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Ricco ( Interim , as part of triumvirate )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Ricco', 'summary': "John Ricco ( born c. 1968 ) is an American baseball executive . He is a senior vice president of the New York Mets of Major League Baseball . He previously served as the Mets ' interim general manager ."}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2018_Major_League_Baseball_season', 'summary': 'The 2018 Major League Baseball season began on March 29 . The regular season ended on October 1 , extended a day for tiebreaker games to decide the winners of the National League Central and National League West divisions . The postseason began on October 2 . The World Series began on October 23 , and ended on October 28 with the Boston Red Sox defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in five games to win their ninth World Series championship . The 89th Major League Baseball All-Star Game was held on July 17 at Nationals Park , the home of the Washington Nationals . The American League won , 8-6 , in 10 innings . This was also the last season for the August trade waivers .'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Omar Minaya ( Interim , as part of triumvirate )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Omar_Minaya', 'summary': 'Omar Teodoro Antonio Minaya y Sánchez ( born November 10 , 1958 ) is the current Special Assistant to the General Manager of the New York Mets . He previously served as General Manager for the Montreal Expos and New York Mets .'}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2018_Major_League_Baseball_season', 'summary': 'The 2018 Major League Baseball season began on March 29 . The regular season ended on October 1 , extended a day for tiebreaker games to decide the winners of the National League Central and National League West divisions . The postseason began on October 2 . The World Series began on October 23 , and ended on October 28 with the Boston Red Sox defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in five games to win their ninth World Series championship . The 89th Major League Baseball All-Star Game was held on July 17 at Nationals Park , the home of the Washington Nationals . The American League won , 8-6 , in 10 innings . This was also the last season for the August trade waivers .'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'J. P. Ricciardi ( Interim , as part of triumvirate )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/J._P._Ricciardi', 'summary': 'John Paul Ricciardi ( born September 26 , 1959 ) is a Major League Baseball executive , currently as Special Advisor to the President of Baseball Operations with the San Francisco Giants . He was previously a special assistant to New York Mets General Manager Sandy Alderson .'}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2018_Major_League_Baseball_season', 'summary': 'The 2018 Major League Baseball season began on March 29 . The regular season ended on October 1 , extended a day for tiebreaker games to decide the winners of the National League Central and National League West divisions . The postseason began on October 2 . The World Series began on October 23 , and ended on October 28 with the Boston Red Sox defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in five games to win their ninth World Series championship . The 89th Major League Baseball All-Star Game was held on July 17 at Nationals Park , the home of the Washington Nationals . The American League won , 8-6 , in 10 innings . This was also the last season for the August trade waivers .'}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brodie Van Wagenen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brodie_Van_Wagenen', 'summary': 'Brodie Van Wagenen ( born March 9 , 1974 ) is an American sports executive and former agent who is currently the general manager for the New York Mets of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He previously worked at Creative Artists Agency ( CAA ) and served as a co-head of the baseball division at CAA Sports .'}]}, {'value': '2018', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2018_Major_League_Baseball_season', 'summary': 'The 2018 Major League Baseball season began on March 29 . The regular season ended on October 1 , extended a day for tiebreaker games to decide the winners of the National League Central and National League West divisions . The postseason began on October 2 . The World Series began on October 23 , and ended on October 28 with the Boston Red Sox defeating the Los Angeles Dodgers in five games to win their ninth World Series championship . The 89th Major League Baseball All-Star Game was held on July 17 at Nationals Park , the home of the Washington Nationals . The American League won , 8-6 , in 10 innings . This was also the last season for the August trade waivers .'}]}], 'section_title': 'General managers', 'section_text': 'Sandy Alderson , general manager of the Mets from 2011–2018', 'uid': 'List_of_New_York_Mets_owners_and_executives_0', 'intro': "The New York Mets are a Major League Baseball (MLB) franchise based in Queens, in New York City, New York. They play in the National League East division. In the team's history (1962-), the Mets have employed 12 general managers (GMs). The GM controls player transactions, hiring and firing of the coaching staff, and negotiates with players and agents regarding contracts. The longest-tenured GM is Frank Cashen, who held the position for 11 years (1980-1990)."}
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What is the number of the owner/executive who previously worked at Creative Artists Agency ( CAA ) ?
13
04cbb2e65d5896b4
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willy_Bocklant', 'title': 'Willy Bocklant', 'header': ['Date', 'Placing', 'Competition', 'Location', 'Country'], 'data': [{'value': '1960', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Circuit Franco-Belge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Circuit_Franco-Belge', 'summary': "The Eurométropole is a single day cycling race held annually in Belgium and France . The race was previously known as the Circuit Franco-Belge until 2010 , as the Tour de Wallonie-Picarde in 2011 and as the Tour de l'Eurométropole from 2012 to 2015 . From 2005 to 2015 the Tour de l'Eurométropole was a 2.1-ranked stage race of the UCI Europe Tour . Since 2016 , the event has transformed from a stage race to a single day 1.1 race and was included in the inaugural Belgian Road Cycling Cup . The race starts in Poperinge , West Flanders , and finishes in Tournai , Hainaut , and is now only run on Belgian soil ."}]}, {'value': 'Roubaix', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roubaix', 'summary': "Roubaix ( French : [ ʁubɛ ] or [ ʁube ] ; Dutch : Robaais ) is a city in northern France , located in the Lille metropolitan area on the Belgian border . It is a historically mono-industrial commune in the Nord department , which grew rapidly in the 19th century from its textile industries , with most of the same characteristic features as those of English and American boom towns . This former new town has faced many challenges linked to deindustrialisation such as urban decay , with their related economic and social implications , since its major industries fell into decline by the middle of the 1970s . Located to the northeast of Lille , adjacent to Tourcoing , Roubaix is the chef-lieu of two cantons and the third largest city in the French region of Hauts-de-France ranked by population with nearly 96,000 inhabitants . Together with the nearby cities of Lille , Tourcoing , Villeneuve-d'Ascq and eighty-six other communes , Roubaix gives structure to a four-centred metropolitan area inhabited by more than 1.1 million people : the European Metropolis of Lille . To a greater extent , Roubaix is in the center of a vast conurbation formed with the Belgian cities of Mouscron , Kortrijk and Tournai , which gave birth to the first European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation in January 2008 , Lille-Kortrijk-Tournai with an aggregate over 2 million inhabitants ."}]}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': '1960', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Triptyque Ardennaise', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rotheux', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': '1960', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Triptyque Ardennaise', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pepinster', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pepinster', 'summary': 'Pepinster is a Walloon municipality of Belgium in Province of Liège . On January 1 , 2006 , Pepinster had a total population of 9,560 . The total area is 24.79 km² which gives a population density of 386 inhabitants per km² . Pepinster is situated at the confluence of the rivers Hoëgne and Vesdre . The municipality consists of the following sub-municipalities : Pepinster proper , Cornesse , Soiron , Tancrémont , and Wegnez .'}]}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': '1960', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Triptyque Ardennaise', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pepinster', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pepinster', 'summary': 'Pepinster is a Walloon municipality of Belgium in Province of Liège . On January 1 , 2006 , Pepinster had a total population of 9,560 . The total area is 24.79 km² which gives a population density of 386 inhabitants per km² . Pepinster is situated at the confluence of the rivers Hoëgne and Vesdre . The municipality consists of the following sub-municipalities : Pepinster proper , Cornesse , Soiron , Tancrémont , and Wegnez .'}]}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': '1961', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GP Stan Ockers', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': '1963', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GP Stan Ockers', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': '1963', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stadsprijs Geraardsbergen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stadsprijs_Geraardsbergen', 'summary': 'The Stadsprijs Geraardsbergen is a single-day road bicycle race held annually in August or September in Geraardsbergen , Belgium . The race is a professional cycling race , but is not listed as a UCI event .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': '1963', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tour de Romandie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tour_de_Romandie', 'summary': 'The Tour de Romandie is a stage race which is part of the UCI World Tour . It runs through the Romandie region , or French-speaking part of Switzerland . The competition began in 1947 , to coincide with the 50-year anniversary of Swiss Cycling . The race traditionally starts with an individual time trial prologue and ends with an individual time-trial in hilly terrains ; many a times in Lausanne . The final time-trial traditionally starts in the stadium north of Lausanne , goes downhill southwards to Lake Léman ( Lake Geneva ) , and makes its way back uphill to the stadium again . The winner and several of the top-ten finishers are usually excellent time trialists . Four winners of the Tour de Romandie had gone on to win the Tour de France in the same year ; Stephen Roche in 1987 , then Cadel Evans , Bradley Wiggins and Chris Froome in 2011 , 2012 and 2013 , respectively . The course of the race usually heads northwards towards the Jura mountains and Alpine mountain ranges of western Switzerland .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Switzerland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Switzerland', 'summary': "Switzerland , officially the Swiss Confederation , is a country situated in the confluence of western , central , and southern Europe . [ note 4 ] It is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons , with federal authorities seated in Bern . [ note 1 ] Switzerland is a landlocked country bordered by Italy to the south , France to the west , Germany to the north , and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east . It is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau , the Alps , and the Jura , spanning a total area of 41,285 km2 ( 15,940 sq mi ) , and land area of 39,997 km2 ( 15,443 sq mi ) . While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory , the Swiss population of approximately 8.5 million is concentrated mostly on the plateau , where the largest cities are located , among them the two global cities and economic centres of Zürich and Geneva . The establishment of the Old Swiss Confederacy dates to the late medieval period , resulting from a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy . Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognized in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 . The Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the founding document of Switzerland which is celebrated on Swiss National Day . Since the Reformation of the 16th century , Switzerland has maintained a strong policy of armed neutrality ; it has not fought an international war since 1815 and did not join the United Nations until 2002 . Nevertheless , it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world . Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross , one of the world 's oldest and best known humanitarian organisations , and is home to numerous international organisations , including the second largest UN office . It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association , but notably not part of the European Union , the European Economic Area or the Eurozone ."}]}, {'value': '1964', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Giro del Piemonte', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Giro_del_Piemonte', 'summary': 'The Giro del Piemonte , since 2009 known also as Gran Piemonte , is a semi classic European bicycle race held in the Apennine Mountains , Italy . The race first took place in 1906 . Since 2005 , the race has been organised as a 1.HC event on the UCI Europe Tour . It is usually held a few days before the more important race Giro di Lombardia . In 2007 , the race was not ridden because of sponsorship problems , but in 2008 it was back again . The 2013 edition was again cancelled due to financial problems .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': '1964', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Weekend Ardennais', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': '1964', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Antwerp-Ougrée', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': '1964', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Liège-Bastogne-Liège', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liège–Bastogne–Liège', 'summary': "Liège-Bastogne-Liège , also known as La Doyenne ( The Old Lady ) , [ N 1 ] is a one-day classic cycling race in Belgium . First run in 1892 , it is the oldest of the five Monuments of the European professional road cycling calendar ; usually coming as the last of the spring classics . It is held annually in late April , in the Ardennes region of Belgium , from Liège to Bastogne and back . It is considered one of the most arduous one-day cycling events in the world because of its length and demanding course . The most successful rider with five victories is Belgian rider Eddy Merckx , trailed by Italian Moreno Argentin in the 1980s and Spaniard Alejandro Valverde in the 2000s , who both won the race four times . Liège-Bastogne-Liège is part of the UCI World Tour competition . It is the concluding race of the Ardennes Classics series , which includes La Flèche Wallonne . Both are organised by French owner Amaury Sport Organisation , which also organises the Tour de France and Paris-Roubaix . In 2017 , a women 's version of Liège-Bastogne-Liège was inaugurated and added to the UCI Women 's World Tour . The inaugural race was won by Dutch rider Anna van der Breggen ."}]}, {'value': 'Liège', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liège', 'summary': 'Liège ( /liˈɛʒ , liˈeɪʒ/ lee-EZH , lee-AYZH , French : [ ljɛʒ ] ( listen ) , locally [ li.eʃ ] ; Walloon : Lidje Walloon : [ liːtʃ ] ( listen ) ; Dutch : Luik [ lœyk ] ( listen ) ; German : Lüttich [ ˈlʏtɪç ] ) is a major Walloon city and municipality and the capital of the Belgian province of Liège . The city is situated in the valley of the Meuse , in the east of Belgium , not far from borders with the Netherlands ( Maastricht is about 33 km ( 20.5 mi ) to the north ) and with Germany ( Aachen is about 53 km ( 32.9 mi ) north-east ) . At Liège , the Meuse meets the River Ourthe . The city is part of the sillon industriel , the former industrial backbone of Wallonia . It still is the principal economic and cultural centre of the region . The Liège municipality ( i.e . the city proper ) includes the former communes of Angleur , Bressoux , Chênée , Glain , Grivegnée , Jupille-sur-Meuse , Rocourt , and Wandre . In November 2012 , Liège had 198,280 inhabitants . The metropolitan area , including the outer commuter zone , covers an area of 1,879 km2 ( 725 sq mi ) and had a total population of 749,110 on 1 January 2008 . This includes a total of 52 municipalities , among others , Herstal and Seraing . Liège ranks as the third most populous urban area in Belgium , after Brussels and Antwerp , and the fourth municipality after Antwerp , Ghent and Charleroi .'}]}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': '1964', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GP de la Basse-Sambre', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Auvelais', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Auvelais', 'summary': 'Auvelais is a small town in the province of Namur in Belgium . The town lies in a meander of the River Sambre , and has a population of _____ . The town of Auvelais was formed in 1809 from the merger of Auvelais-la-Comté and Auvelais-le-Voisin . From the merger of municipalities in 1977 , Auvelais became the principal part of the newly-created municipality of Sambreville .'}]}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': '1965', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Circuit des régions frontalières Mouscron', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': '1965', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Grand Prix d'Isbergues", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Grand_Prix_d'Isbergues", 'summary': "Grand Prix d'Isbergues is a professional cycle road race held in Isbergues , Pas-de-Calais . Since 2005 , the race has been organised as a 1.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour . A women 's race was added in 2018 as a 1.2 event ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': '1965', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tour du Nord', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anzin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anzin', 'summary': 'Anzin is a commune in the Nord department in northern France . It lies on the Scheldt , 2.4 kilometres ( 1 1⁄2 mi ) northwest of Valenciennes , of which it is a suburb .'}]}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': '1965', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paris-Nice', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paris–Nice', 'summary': "Paris-Nice is a professional cycling stage race in France , held annually since 1933 . Raced over eight days , the race usually starts with a prologue in the Paris region and ends with a final stage either in Nice or on the Col d'Èze overlooking the city . The event is nicknamed The Race to the Sun , as it runs in the first half of March , typically starting in cold and wintry conditions in the French capital before reaching the spring sunshine on the Côte dAzur . The hilly course in the last days of the race favours stage racers who often battle for victory . Its most recent winner is Colombian Egan Bernal . One of the iconic races of cycling , Paris-Nice is part of the UCI World Tour as the competition 's second race of the season , the first in Europe . It is organized by ASO , which also manages most other French World Tour races , most notably cycling 's flagships the Tour de France and Paris-Roubaix . The roll of honour features some of cycling 's greatest riders , including Jacques Anquetil , Eddy Merckx , Miguel Indurain and Alberto Contador . The most successful rider is Ireland 's Sean Kelly , who claimed seven consecutive victories in the 1980s . During the 2003 edition , Kazakh rider Andrey Kivilev died as a result of a head injury sustained in a crash . His death prompted UCI to mandate the use of helmets in all competitions of cycling , except for the last part of a race with an uphill finish . The rule was later changed to require helmets at all times ."}]}, {'value': 'Château-Chinon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Château-Chinon_(Ville)', 'summary': 'Château-Chinon ( French pronunciation : \u200b [ ʃɑto ʃinɔ̃ ] ; the official name is Château-Chinon ( Ville ) , with a space ) is a commune in the Nièvre department in France . It is a sub-prefecture of the department . The villages around the town are grouped in another commune named Château-Chinon ( Campagne ) . François Mitterrand ( 1916-1996 ) , President of France from 1981 to 1995 , was the mayor of Château-Chinon from 1959 to 1981 . It is about 200 miles ( 320 km ) southeast of Paris .'}]}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': '1965', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brabantse Pijl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brabantse_Pijl', 'summary': 'The Brabantse Pijl ( English : Brabant Arrow , French : Flèche Brabançonne or Flèche Branconne ) is a Flanders Classics road bicycle race held annually in Flemish Brabant and in Walloon Brabant , Belgium . Since 2005 , the race has been organised as a 1.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour . Zaventem used to be the city of start ; in 2008 however , Leuven became the place of start . Until 2009 , the finish was located in Alsemberg and , in 2010 , it moved to Overijse . Also in 2010 , the fixed date of the Brabantse Pijl shifted from the Sunday before the Tour of Flanders to the Wednesday before the Amstel Gold Race . In 2011 , the race was upgraded to a 1.HC event . Edwig Van Hooydonck holds the record for most wins in the race with four between 1987 and 1995 .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': '1965', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tour de Romandie', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tour_de_Romandie', 'summary': 'The Tour de Romandie is a stage race which is part of the UCI World Tour . It runs through the Romandie region , or French-speaking part of Switzerland . The competition began in 1947 , to coincide with the 50-year anniversary of Swiss Cycling . The race traditionally starts with an individual time trial prologue and ends with an individual time-trial in hilly terrains ; many a times in Lausanne . The final time-trial traditionally starts in the stadium north of Lausanne , goes downhill southwards to Lake Léman ( Lake Geneva ) , and makes its way back uphill to the stadium again . The winner and several of the top-ten finishers are usually excellent time trialists . Four winners of the Tour de Romandie had gone on to win the Tour de France in the same year ; Stephen Roche in 1987 , then Cadel Evans , Bradley Wiggins and Chris Froome in 2011 , 2012 and 2013 , respectively . The course of the race usually heads northwards towards the Jura mountains and Alpine mountain ranges of western Switzerland .'}]}, {'value': 'Bassecourt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bassecourt', 'summary': 'Bassecourt is a former municipality in the district of Delémont in the canton of Jura in Switzerland . On 1 January 2013 the former municipalities of Bassecourt , Courfaivre , Glovelier , Soulce and Undervelier merged to form the new municipality of Haute-Sorne .'}]}, {'value': 'Switzerland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Switzerland', 'summary': "Switzerland , officially the Swiss Confederation , is a country situated in the confluence of western , central , and southern Europe . [ note 4 ] It is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons , with federal authorities seated in Bern . [ note 1 ] Switzerland is a landlocked country bordered by Italy to the south , France to the west , Germany to the north , and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east . It is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau , the Alps , and the Jura , spanning a total area of 41,285 km2 ( 15,940 sq mi ) , and land area of 39,997 km2 ( 15,443 sq mi ) . While the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory , the Swiss population of approximately 8.5 million is concentrated mostly on the plateau , where the largest cities are located , among them the two global cities and economic centres of Zürich and Geneva . The establishment of the Old Swiss Confederacy dates to the late medieval period , resulting from a series of military successes against Austria and Burgundy . Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognized in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 . The Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the founding document of Switzerland which is celebrated on Swiss National Day . Since the Reformation of the 16th century , Switzerland has maintained a strong policy of armed neutrality ; it has not fought an international war since 1815 and did not join the United Nations until 2002 . Nevertheless , it pursues an active foreign policy and is frequently involved in peace-building processes around the world . Switzerland is the birthplace of the Red Cross , one of the world 's oldest and best known humanitarian organisations , and is home to numerous international organisations , including the second largest UN office . It is a founding member of the European Free Trade Association , but notably not part of the European Union , the European Economic Area or the Eurozone ."}]}, {'value': '1965', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brussels-Ingooigem', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brussels–Ingooigem', 'summary': 'Halle-Ingooigem is a single-day road bicycle race held annually in June in West Flanders , Belgium . Since 2005 , the race is organized as a 1.1 event on the UCI Europe Tour . It was called Brussels-Ingooigem until 2004 .'}]}, {'value': 'Ingooigem', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Palmarès', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Willy_Bocklant_0', 'intro': 'Willy Bocklant (26 January 1941 - 6 June 1985) was a Belgian professional road racing cyclist active as a professional between 1962 and 1969. Among his biggest victories are the 1964 edition of Liège-Bastogne-Liège and the overall classification of the Tour de Romandie in 1963. Bocklant was born in Bellegem and died in Mouscron.'}
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null
The beginning of the competition that coincided with a 50-year cycling anniversary event occurred in the country known to encompass how many square miles of land ?
15,940
04cdf164c996c06b
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_castles_and_palaces_in_Sweden', 'title': 'List of castles and palaces in Sweden', 'header': ['Name', 'Swedish name', 'Location', 'Date', 'Condition'], 'data': [{'value': 'Ismantorp Fortress', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ismantorp_Fortress', 'summary': 'Ismantorp Fortress ( Swedish : Ismantorps fornborg ) is a ringfort located on Öland Island in Sweden constructed during the Migration Period .'}]}, {'value': 'Ismantorps fornborg', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Öland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Öland', 'summary': 'Öland ( UK : /ˈɜːlænd/ , US : /ˈɜːrlɑːnd , ˈʌl-/ ; Swedish : [ ˈø̌ːland ] ( listen ) ; sometimes written Øland in other Scandinavian languages , and often Oland internationally ; Latin : Oelandia ) is the second largest Swedish island and the smallest of the traditional provinces of Sweden . Öland has an area of 1,342 square kilometres ( 518 square miles ) and is located in the Baltic Sea just off the coast of Småland . The island has 26,000 inhabitants . It is separated from the mainland by the Kalmar Strait and connected to it by the 6-kilometre ( 3.7 mi ) Öland Bridge , which opened on 30 September 1972 .'}]}, {'value': '2nd century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ruin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Johannisborg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johannisborg', 'summary': 'Johannisborg is a castle in Norrköping Municipality , Östergötland County , Sweden .'}]}, {'value': 'Johannisborg', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Östergötland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Östergötland', 'summary': 'Östergötland ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈœ̂sːtɛrˌjøːtland ] ( listen ) ; English exonym : East Gothland ) is one of the traditional provinces of Sweden ( landskap in Swedish ) in the south of Sweden . It borders Småland , Västergötland , Närke , Södermanland and the Baltic Sea . In older English literature , one might also encounter the Latinized version , Ostrogothia . The corresponding administrative county , Östergötland County , covers the entire province and parts of neighbouring provinces .'}]}, {'value': '1614', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ruin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Johannishus Castle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johannishus_Castle', 'summary': 'Johannishus Castle ( Swedish : Johannishus slott ) is a castle in Ronneby Municipality , Blekinge County , Sweden .'}]}, {'value': 'Johannishus slott', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Blekinge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Blekinge', 'summary': "Blekinge ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈblêːkɪŋɛ ] ( listen ) ) is one of the traditional provinces of Sweden ( landskap ) , situated in the south of the country . It borders Småland , Scania and the Baltic Sea . It is the country 's second-smallest province by area ( only Öland is smaller ) , and the smallest province located on the mainland . The name Blekinge comes from the dialectal adjective bleke , which corresponds to the nautical term for dead calm ."}]}, {'value': '1670', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Private residence', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jordberga Castle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jordberga_Castle', 'summary': 'Jordberga Castle ( Swedish : Jordberga slott ) is a castle in Trelleborg Municipality , Scania , in southern Sweden . It is inhabited and owned by Otto von Arnold , former member of the Swedish Riksdag for the Christian Democrats .'}]}, {'value': 'Jordberga slott', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scania', 'summary': "Scania , Swedish : Skåne ( Swedish : [ ˈskôːnɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is the southernmost province ( landskap ) of Sweden . Within Scania , there are 33 municipalities that are autonomous within the Scania Regional Council . Scania 's largest city is Malmö , which is also the third largest in Sweden , as well as the fifth largest in Scandinavia . To the north , Scania borders the provinces of Halland and Småland , to the northeast Blekinge , to the east and south the Baltic Sea , and to the west Öresund . Since 2000 , a road and railway bridge , the Øresund Bridge , bridges the sound to Denmark . Scania is part of the transnational Øresund Region . From north to south Scania is around 130 km and covers less than 3% of Sweden 's total area . The population of over 1,320,000 represents 13% of the country 's population . With 121 inh/km2 Scania is the second most densely populated province of Sweden . Historically , Scania was part of the kingdom of Denmark , up until the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658 . Denmark regained control of the province during the Scanian War 1676-1679 and again briefly in 1711 . Scania was formally included in Sweden in 1720 ."}]}, {'value': '1908', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Private residence', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kalmar Castle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kalmar_Castle', 'summary': 'Kalmar Castle ( Swedish : Kalmar slott ) is a castle in the city Kalmar in the province of Småland in Sweden .'}]}, {'value': 'Kalmar slott', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Småland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Småland', 'summary': 'Småland ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈsmǒːland ] ( listen ) ) is a historical province ( landskap ) in southern Sweden . Småland borders Blekinge , Scania ( Swedish : Skåne ) , Halland , Västergötland , Östergötland and the island Öland in the Baltic Sea . The name Småland literally means Small Lands . The Latinized form Smolandia has been used in other languages . The highest point in Småland is Tomtabacken , at 377 metres ( 1,237 ft ) .'}]}, {'value': '12th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Museum', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karlberg Palace', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karlberg_Palace', 'summary': "Karlberg Palace ( Swedish : [ kaɭˈbærj ] ) is a palace by the Karlberg Canal in Solna Municipality in Sweden , adjacent to Stockholm 's Vasastaden district . The palace , built in 1630 , today houses the Military Academy Karlberg . In the palace park are found , among other things , a temple of Diana ( originally dedicated to Neptune ) and the burial site of Pompe , the dog of King Charles XII . Notwithstanding that the palace remains a military institution , the palace park is accessible to the public and is open daily between 6 AM and 10 PM ."}]}, {'value': 'Karlbergs slott', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stockholm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stockholm', 'summary': "Stockholm ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈstɔ̂kː ( h ) ɔlm ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous urban area of Sweden . 972,647 people live in the municipality , approximately 1.6 million in the urban area , and 2.4 million in the metropolitan area . The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake Mälaren flows into the Baltic Sea . Outside the city to the east , and along the coast , is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago . The area has been settled since the Stone Age , in the 6th millennium BC , and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl . It is also the county seat of Stockholm County . Stockholm is the cultural , media , political , and economic centre of Sweden . The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country 's GDP , and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita . It is an important global city , and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region . The city is home to some of Europe 's top ranking universities , such as the Stockholm School of Economics , Karolinska Institute and KTH Royal Institute of Technology . It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall . One of the city 's most prized museums , the Vasa Museum , is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia ."}]}, {'value': '1634', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karlsborg Fortress', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karlsborg_Fortress', 'summary': "Karlsborg Fortress ( Swedish : Karlsborgs fästning ) is situated on the Vannäs peninsula in Karlsborg by lake Vättern , the province of Västergötland , Sweden . Construction on the fortress began 1819 to realize the so-called central defense idea adopted by the Swedish military after the Finnish and Napoleonic Wars . The site was chosen by Baltzar von Platen in connection with the construction of Göta Canal . The intent of the central defense idea was that the King , the Council , the Riksdag and central command functions would , in the event of an attack against the kingdom , pull back and ensconce themselves in this fortress in the middle of the country . Even the gold reserves of the central bank of Sweden were to be safeguarded in the fortress in times of trouble . The fortress is one of northern Europe 's largest buildings and consists primarily of limestone from Omberg . Construction was begun in 1819 on 100 hectares ( 250 acres ) of land . The fortress was to house a garrison of 6,000 enlisted men and an additional 8,000-10,000 people . The walls were mostly complete in 1830 , and after comprehensive visits to other fortresses in Europe , fortress architect Johan av Klen presented plans similar in style to the Fort Winiary in Posen ( present-day Poznań ) . Due to its great expense and reduced funding , the fortress was n't in operation until 1870 , and was n't fully completed until 1909 . To compensate for the rapidly evolving technology of artillery during this time , Vaberget Fortress was built in the early 1900s five kilometers west of Karlsborg to provide additional protection to the main fortress . The town of Karlsborg has sprung up next to the fortress ."}]}, {'value': 'Karlsborgs fästning', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Västergötland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Västergötland', 'summary': 'Västergötland ( Swedish : [ ˈvɛ̂sːtɛrˌjøːtland ] ( listen ) ) , also known as West Gothland or the Latinized version Westrogothia in older literature , is one of the 25 traditional non-administrative provinces of Sweden ( landskap in Swedish ) , situated in the southwest of Sweden . Västergötland is home to Gothenburg , the second largest city in Sweden , which is situated along a short stretch of the Kattegat strait . The province is bordered by Bohuslän , Dalsland , Värmland , Närke , Östergötland , Småland and Halland , as well as the two largest Swedish lakes Vänern and Vättern . Crown Princess Victoria is Duchess of Västergötland .'}]}, {'value': '1819', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Museum', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kärnan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kärnan', 'summary': 'Kärnan ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈɕæ̂ːɳan ] ; Danish : Kernen , both literally The Core ) is a medieval tower in Helsingborg , Scania , in southern Sweden . It is the only part remaining of a larger Danish fortress which , along with the fortress Kronborg on the opposite of Øresund , controlled the entranceway between Kattegat and Øresund and further south the Baltic Sea .'}]}, {'value': 'Kärnan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scania', 'summary': "Scania , Swedish : Skåne ( Swedish : [ ˈskôːnɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is the southernmost province ( landskap ) of Sweden . Within Scania , there are 33 municipalities that are autonomous within the Scania Regional Council . Scania 's largest city is Malmö , which is also the third largest in Sweden , as well as the fifth largest in Scandinavia . To the north , Scania borders the provinces of Halland and Småland , to the northeast Blekinge , to the east and south the Baltic Sea , and to the west Öresund . Since 2000 , a road and railway bridge , the Øresund Bridge , bridges the sound to Denmark . Scania is part of the transnational Øresund Region . From north to south Scania is around 130 km and covers less than 3% of Sweden 's total area . The population of over 1,320,000 represents 13% of the country 's population . With 121 inh/km2 Scania is the second most densely populated province of Sweden . Historically , Scania was part of the kingdom of Denmark , up until the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658 . Denmark regained control of the province during the Scanian War 1676-1679 and again briefly in 1711 . Scania was formally included in Sweden in 1720 ."}]}, {'value': '11th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Museum', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karsholm Castle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karsholm_Castle', 'summary': 'Karsholm Castle ( Swedish : Karsholms slott ) is a castle in Kristianstad Municipality , Scania , in southern Sweden .'}]}, {'value': 'Karsholms slott', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scania', 'summary': "Scania , Swedish : Skåne ( Swedish : [ ˈskôːnɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is the southernmost province ( landskap ) of Sweden . Within Scania , there are 33 municipalities that are autonomous within the Scania Regional Council . Scania 's largest city is Malmö , which is also the third largest in Sweden , as well as the fifth largest in Scandinavia . To the north , Scania borders the provinces of Halland and Småland , to the northeast Blekinge , to the east and south the Baltic Sea , and to the west Öresund . Since 2000 , a road and railway bridge , the Øresund Bridge , bridges the sound to Denmark . Scania is part of the transnational Øresund Region . From north to south Scania is around 130 km and covers less than 3% of Sweden 's total area . The population of over 1,320,000 represents 13% of the country 's population . With 121 inh/km2 Scania is the second most densely populated province of Sweden . Historically , Scania was part of the kingdom of Denmark , up until the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658 . Denmark regained control of the province during the Scanian War 1676-1679 and again briefly in 1711 . Scania was formally included in Sweden in 1720 ."}]}, {'value': '1862', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Private residence', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Katthamra Mansion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Katthamra', 'summary': 'Katthamra ( Katthamra gård ) is a manor house located at Katthammarsvik in Östergarn on the island Gotland , Sweden . Apart from the main building , several annexes and a garden belong to the estate . The main building has undergone several renovations but is a fine example of 1800s upper-class accommodation , with magnificent murals . The estate has recently undergone a major renovation . Six buildings have new roofs and three have been prepared for rental .'}]}, {'value': 'Katthamra gård', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gotland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gotland', 'summary': "Gotland ( /ˈɡɒtlənd/ ; Swedish : [ ˈɡɔ̌tːland ] ( listen ) ; older spellings include Gottland /ˈɡɒtlənd/ or Gothland /ˈɡɒθlənd/ ; Gutland in the local dialect ) is Sweden 's largest island . It also is a province , county , municipality , and diocese . The province includes the islands of Fårö and Gotska Sandön to the north , as well as the Karlsö Islands ( Lilla and Stora ) to the west . The population is 58,595 , of which about 23,600 live in Visby , the main town . The island of Gotland and the other areas of the province of Gotland make up less than one percent of Sweden 's total land area . The island 's main sources of income are agriculture along with food processing , tourism , information technology services , design , and some heavy industry such as concrete production from locally mined limestone . From a military viewpoint , it occupies a strategic location in the Baltic sea . As of 2018 the Gotland Regiment has been re-raised and it is the first time since World War II that a new regiment has been established in Sweden ."}]}, {'value': '1805', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Private residence', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kavlås Castle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kavlås_Castle', 'summary': 'Kavlås Castle is a castle in Sweden .'}]}, {'value': 'Kavlås slott', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Västergötland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Västergötland', 'summary': 'Västergötland ( Swedish : [ ˈvɛ̂sːtɛrˌjøːtland ] ( listen ) ) , also known as West Gothland or the Latinized version Westrogothia in older literature , is one of the 25 traditional non-administrative provinces of Sweden ( landskap in Swedish ) , situated in the southwest of Sweden . Västergötland is home to Gothenburg , the second largest city in Sweden , which is situated along a short stretch of the Kattegat strait . The province is bordered by Bohuslän , Dalsland , Värmland , Närke , Östergötland , Småland and Halland , as well as the two largest Swedish lakes Vänern and Vättern . Crown Princess Victoria is Duchess of Västergötland .'}]}, {'value': '1775', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Private residence', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Knutstorp Castle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Knutstorp_Castle', 'summary': 'Knutstorp Castle ( Swedish : Knutstorps slott , Danish : Knudstrup ) is a castle in Svalöv Municipality , Scania , in southern Sweden . It was built in the 16th century by Otte Brahe , when Scania was still Danish . It is the birthplace of the famous astronomer Tycho Brahe ( born 14 December 1546 ) and his astronomer sister Sophia Brahe ( born 24 August 1556 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Knutstorps borg', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scania', 'summary': "Scania , Swedish : Skåne ( Swedish : [ ˈskôːnɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is the southernmost province ( landskap ) of Sweden . Within Scania , there are 33 municipalities that are autonomous within the Scania Regional Council . Scania 's largest city is Malmö , which is also the third largest in Sweden , as well as the fifth largest in Scandinavia . To the north , Scania borders the provinces of Halland and Småland , to the northeast Blekinge , to the east and south the Baltic Sea , and to the west Öresund . Since 2000 , a road and railway bridge , the Øresund Bridge , bridges the sound to Denmark . Scania is part of the transnational Øresund Region . From north to south Scania is around 130 km and covers less than 3% of Sweden 's total area . The population of over 1,320,000 represents 13% of the country 's population . With 121 inh/km2 Scania is the second most densely populated province of Sweden . Historically , Scania was part of the kingdom of Denmark , up until the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658 . Denmark regained control of the province during the Scanian War 1676-1679 and again briefly in 1711 . Scania was formally included in Sweden in 1720 ."}]}, {'value': '14th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Private residence', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Koberg Castle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Koberg_Castle', 'summary': 'Koberg Castle is a castle in Västergötland , Sweden . It is located near the lake Vanderydsvattnet , about 10 km south of Trollhättan . It is the residence of Princess Désirée , Baroness Silfverschiöld and her late husband Baron Nicklas Silfverschiöld .'}]}, {'value': 'Koberg slott', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Västergötland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Västergötland', 'summary': 'Västergötland ( Swedish : [ ˈvɛ̂sːtɛrˌjøːtland ] ( listen ) ) , also known as West Gothland or the Latinized version Westrogothia in older literature , is one of the 25 traditional non-administrative provinces of Sweden ( landskap in Swedish ) , situated in the southwest of Sweden . Västergötland is home to Gothenburg , the second largest city in Sweden , which is situated along a short stretch of the Kattegat strait . The province is bordered by Bohuslän , Dalsland , Värmland , Närke , Östergötland , Småland and Halland , as well as the two largest Swedish lakes Vänern and Vättern . Crown Princess Victoria is Duchess of Västergötland .'}]}, {'value': '1632', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Private residence', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Krageholm Castle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Krageholm_Castle', 'summary': "Krageholm Castle ( Swedish : Krageholms slott ) is a castle in Ystad Municipality , Scania , in southern Sweden . The original castle is named in the 14th century as belonging to the Due family , and then to the Tott , Brahe , Marsvin and Krabbe families . In 1704 , the castle was sold to Carl Piper . The original castle was damaged during the Scanian War in the 1670s , and the present castle was built by Carl Piper 's widow Christina Piper in the 1720s , who used it as her main residence until her death in 1752 . The castle belonged to the Piper family in 1752-1897 , the Brahe family 1907-30 and since then again to the Piper family ."}]}, {'value': 'Krageholms slott', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scania', 'summary': "Scania , Swedish : Skåne ( Swedish : [ ˈskôːnɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is the southernmost province ( landskap ) of Sweden . Within Scania , there are 33 municipalities that are autonomous within the Scania Regional Council . Scania 's largest city is Malmö , which is also the third largest in Sweden , as well as the fifth largest in Scandinavia . To the north , Scania borders the provinces of Halland and Småland , to the northeast Blekinge , to the east and south the Baltic Sea , and to the west Öresund . Since 2000 , a road and railway bridge , the Øresund Bridge , bridges the sound to Denmark . Scania is part of the transnational Øresund Region . From north to south Scania is around 130 km and covers less than 3% of Sweden 's total area . The population of over 1,320,000 represents 13% of the country 's population . With 121 inh/km2 Scania is the second most densely populated province of Sweden . Historically , Scania was part of the kingdom of Denmark , up until the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658 . Denmark regained control of the province during the Scanian War 1676-1679 and again briefly in 1711 . Scania was formally included in Sweden in 1720 ."}]}, {'value': '1720s', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Private residence', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Krapperup Castle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Krapperup_Castle', 'summary': 'Krapperup Castle ( Swedish : Krapperups slott ) is a castle in Höganäs Municipality , Scania , in southern Sweden .'}]}, {'value': 'Krapperups slott', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scania', 'summary': "Scania , Swedish : Skåne ( Swedish : [ ˈskôːnɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is the southernmost province ( landskap ) of Sweden . Within Scania , there are 33 municipalities that are autonomous within the Scania Regional Council . Scania 's largest city is Malmö , which is also the third largest in Sweden , as well as the fifth largest in Scandinavia . To the north , Scania borders the provinces of Halland and Småland , to the northeast Blekinge , to the east and south the Baltic Sea , and to the west Öresund . Since 2000 , a road and railway bridge , the Øresund Bridge , bridges the sound to Denmark . Scania is part of the transnational Øresund Region . From north to south Scania is around 130 km and covers less than 3% of Sweden 's total area . The population of over 1,320,000 represents 13% of the country 's population . With 121 inh/km2 Scania is the second most densely populated province of Sweden . Historically , Scania was part of the kingdom of Denmark , up until the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658 . Denmark regained control of the province during the Scanian War 1676-1679 and again briefly in 1711 . Scania was formally included in Sweden in 1720 ."}]}, {'value': '14th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Private residence', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kristineberg Palace', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kristineberg_Palace', 'summary': 'Kristineberg Palace in Kungsholmen , Stockholm was built around 1750 for the businessman R. Schröder . The palace was surrounded by parks and the property included a great deal of the surrounding land . In 1864 the property was bought by the Swedish Freemasonry and additional construction on the palace was made . Stockholm City bought the land in 1921 and started building the Kristineberg district , and today part of the palace is used as a school . Coordinates : 59°20′02″N 18°00′20″E / 59.33389°N 18.00556°E / 59.33389 ; 18.00556'}]}, {'value': 'Kristinebergs slott', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stockholm', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stockholm', 'summary': "Stockholm ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈstɔ̂kː ( h ) ɔlm ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous urban area of Sweden . 972,647 people live in the municipality , approximately 1.6 million in the urban area , and 2.4 million in the metropolitan area . The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake Mälaren flows into the Baltic Sea . Outside the city to the east , and along the coast , is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago . The area has been settled since the Stone Age , in the 6th millennium BC , and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl . It is also the county seat of Stockholm County . Stockholm is the cultural , media , political , and economic centre of Sweden . The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country 's GDP , and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita . It is an important global city , and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region . The city is home to some of Europe 's top ranking universities , such as the Stockholm School of Economics , Karolinska Institute and KTH Royal Institute of Technology . It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall . One of the city 's most prized museums , the Vasa Museum , is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia ."}]}, {'value': '1750', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Private residence', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kronoberg Castle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kronoberg_Castle', 'summary': "Kronoberg Castle is a medieval ruin located on an island in lake Helgasjön , 5 kilometres ( 3.1 mi ) north of the town of Växjö in Småland , Sweden . Kronoberg County , in which it is located , was named after the castle . Coordinates : 56°56′25″N 14°47′42″E / 56.94028°N 14.79500°E / 56.94028 ; 14.79500 In 1444 Lars Mikaelson , the bishop of Växjö , built a stone building on the lakeshore . During the Dano-Swedish War of 1470-71 , Danish forces destroyed the house . It was reconstructed and fortified after peace was restored in 1472 . During the Swedish Reformation the castle and its estate were confiscated by Gustav I . In 1542 , during the Dacke War , Kronoberg was taken over by rebels led by Nils Dacke . The revolt was suppressed in 1543 , and control reverted to the crown . Due to its strategic location near the border between Sweden and Denmark at the time , the castle was further fortified and became a stronghold in this part of Småland . The king 's son John III ordered additional improvements that never were carried out . The castle had great military significance during the Northern Seven Years ' War ( 1564-70 ) . In the winter of 1568 , Eric XIV used Kronoborg as a support point while beating back a Danish attack from Skåne ."}]}, {'value': 'Kronobergs slott', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Småland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Småland', 'summary': 'Småland ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈsmǒːland ] ( listen ) ) is a historical province ( landskap ) in southern Sweden . Småland borders Blekinge , Scania ( Swedish : Skåne ) , Halland , Västergötland , Östergötland and the island Öland in the Baltic Sea . The name Småland literally means Small Lands . The Latinized form Smolandia has been used in other languages . The highest point in Småland is Tomtabacken , at 377 metres ( 1,237 ft ) .'}]}, {'value': '1444', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ruin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kronovall Castle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kronovall_Castle', 'summary': 'Kronovall Castle ( Swedish : Kronovalls slott ) is a castle in Tomelilla Municipality , Scania , in southern Sweden .'}]}, {'value': 'Kronovalls slott', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scania', 'summary': "Scania , Swedish : Skåne ( Swedish : [ ˈskôːnɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is the southernmost province ( landskap ) of Sweden . Within Scania , there are 33 municipalities that are autonomous within the Scania Regional Council . Scania 's largest city is Malmö , which is also the third largest in Sweden , as well as the fifth largest in Scandinavia . To the north , Scania borders the provinces of Halland and Småland , to the northeast Blekinge , to the east and south the Baltic Sea , and to the west Öresund . Since 2000 , a road and railway bridge , the Øresund Bridge , bridges the sound to Denmark . Scania is part of the transnational Øresund Region . From north to south Scania is around 130 km and covers less than 3% of Sweden 's total area . The population of over 1,320,000 represents 13% of the country 's population . With 121 inh/km2 Scania is the second most densely populated province of Sweden . Historically , Scania was part of the kingdom of Denmark , up until the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658 . Denmark regained control of the province during the Scanian War 1676-1679 and again briefly in 1711 . Scania was formally included in Sweden in 1720 ."}]}, {'value': '1760', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Private residence', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kulla Gunnarstorp Castle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kulla_Gunnarstorp_Castle', 'summary': 'Kulla Gunnarstorp Castle ( Swedish : Kulla Gunnarstorps slott ) is a castle in Helsingborg Municipality , Scania , in southern Sweden . Kulla Gunnarstorp is located near the Öresund between the villages Hittarp and Domsten , about 10 kilometers north of Helsingborg .'}]}, {'value': 'Kulla Gunnarstorps slott', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scania', 'summary': "Scania , Swedish : Skåne ( Swedish : [ ˈskôːnɛ ] ( listen ) ) , is the southernmost province ( landskap ) of Sweden . Within Scania , there are 33 municipalities that are autonomous within the Scania Regional Council . Scania 's largest city is Malmö , which is also the third largest in Sweden , as well as the fifth largest in Scandinavia . To the north , Scania borders the provinces of Halland and Småland , to the northeast Blekinge , to the east and south the Baltic Sea , and to the west Öresund . Since 2000 , a road and railway bridge , the Øresund Bridge , bridges the sound to Denmark . Scania is part of the transnational Øresund Region . From north to south Scania is around 130 km and covers less than 3% of Sweden 's total area . The population of over 1,320,000 represents 13% of the country 's population . With 121 inh/km2 Scania is the second most densely populated province of Sweden . Historically , Scania was part of the kingdom of Denmark , up until the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658 . Denmark regained control of the province during the Scanian War 1676-1679 and again briefly in 1711 . Scania was formally included in Sweden in 1720 ."}]}, {'value': '1854', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Private residence', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Läckö Castle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Läckö_Castle', 'summary': 'Läckö Castle ( Swedish : Läckö Slott ) is a medieval castle in Sweden , located on Kållandsö island on Lake Vänern , 25 kilometers north of Lidköping in Västergötland , Sweden .'}]}, {'value': 'Läckö slott', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Västergötland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Västergötland', 'summary': 'Västergötland ( Swedish : [ ˈvɛ̂sːtɛrˌjøːtland ] ( listen ) ) , also known as West Gothland or the Latinized version Westrogothia in older literature , is one of the 25 traditional non-administrative provinces of Sweden ( landskap in Swedish ) , situated in the southwest of Sweden . Västergötland is home to Gothenburg , the second largest city in Sweden , which is situated along a short stretch of the Kattegat strait . The province is bordered by Bohuslän , Dalsland , Värmland , Närke , Östergötland , Småland and Halland , as well as the two largest Swedish lakes Vänern and Vättern . Crown Princess Victoria is Duchess of Västergötland .'}]}, {'value': '1298', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Museum', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'I-L', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_castles_and_manor_houses_in_Sweden_3', 'intro': 'This is a list of castles and palaces in Sweden. In the Swedish language the word slott is used for both castles, châteaus and palaces; this article lists all of them as well as fortresses.'}
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What is the Swedish name of the place whose location 's largest city is Malmö ?
Jordberga slott
04cdf43ff1ce74be
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EuroLeague_Rising_Star', 'title': 'EuroLeague Rising Star', 'header': ['Season', 'Rising Star', 'Team'], 'data': [{'value': '2004-05', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2004–05_Euroleague', 'summary': "The 2004-05 Euroleague was the fifth season of the professional basketball competition for elite clubs throughout Europe , organised by Euroleague Basketball Company , and it was the 48th season of the premier competition for European men 's clubs overall . The 2004-05 season featured 24 competing teams , from 13 different countries . The final of the competition was held in Olimpiisky Arena , Moscow , Russia , with the defending champions , Maccabi Elite , defeating Tau Cerámica by a score of 90-78 ."}]}, {'value': 'Erazem Lorbek', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Erazem_Lorbek', 'summary': 'Erazem Lorbek ( born February 21 , 1984 ) is a Slovenian former professional basketball player . At a height of 6 ft 10 3⁄4 in ( 2.10 m ) tall , he primarily played at the power forward position , but he was also capable of playing at the center position . A three-time All-EuroLeague Team member , he won the EuroLeague title with FC Barcelona in 2010 . Lorbek was also a regular member of the senior Slovenian national basketball team . He earned an All-EuroBasket Team selection , as he helped lead the Slovenian national team to a fourth place finish at the 2009 EuroBasket .'}]}, {'value': 'Climamio Bologna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fortitudo_Pallacanestro_Bologna', 'summary': 'Fortitudo Pallacanestro Bologna 103 , currently known as Pompea Fortitudo Bologna for sponsorship reasons , is a basketball club based in Bologna , Italy . It plays in the first division Lega Basket Serie A ( LBA ) .'}]}, {'value': '2005-06', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2005–06_Euroleague', 'summary': "The 2005-06 Euroleague was the 6th season of the professional basketball competition for elite clubs throughout Europe , organised by Euroleague Basketball Company , and it was the 49th season of the premier competition for European men 's clubs overall . The 2005-06 season featured 24 competing teams from 13 different countries . The Final Four was held at the Sazka Arena in Prague , Czech Republic in April 30 , 2006 . CSKA Moscow defeat the defending champions , Maccabi Elite by a score of 73-69 in the Final ."}]}, {'value': 'Andrea Bargnani', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrea_Bargnani', 'summary': 'Andrea Bargnani ( Italian pronunciation : [ anˈdrɛːa barˈɲaːni ] ; born 26 October 1985 ) is an Italian former professional basketball player . The 213-centimeter ( 7 ft 0 in ) power forward-center played for Benetton Treviso in the Italian LBA and the EuroLeague before being selected first overall in the 2006 NBA draft by the Toronto Raptors . He spent 10 seasons in the NBA before ending his career with a stint in Spain during the 2016-17 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Benetton Treviso', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pallacanestro_Treviso', 'summary': 'Pallacanestro Treviso , named Benetton Basket due to a long running sponsorship by the Benetton Group and widely referred to as Benetton Treviso , is an Italian youth basketball club based in Treviso , Veneto . The club was previously a successful professional club until 2012 when the Benetton Group decided to withdraw from professional basketball , though they retained the youth section at La Ghirada , the sports complex they own . For past club sponsorship names , see sponsorship names .'}]}, {'value': '2006-07', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2006–07_Euroleague', 'summary': "The 2006-07 Euroleague was the 7th season of the professional basketball competition for elite clubs throughout Europe , organised by Euroleague Basketball Company , and it was the 50th season of the premier competition for European men 's clubs overall . The season featured 24 competing teams from 13 different countries . The competition began on October 24 , 2006 , at the Olympic Pavilion in Badalona , Spain , with Panathinaikos winning 82-79 against DKV Joventut . The final of the competition was held on May 6 , 2007 , in the Olympic Indoor Hall in Athens , Greece , the home court of Panathinaikos , with Panathinaikos defeating the defending champions , CSKA Moscow , by a score of 93-91 ."}]}, {'value': 'Rudy Fernández', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rudy_Fernández_(basketball)', 'summary': 'Rodolfo Rudy Fernández Farrés ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈruði feɾˈnandeθ ] ; born April 4 , 1985 ) is a Spanish professional basketball player who plays for Real Madrid of the Liga ACB . He is a 6 ft 5 in ( 1.96 m ) tall shooting guard and small forward . He is a three-time All-EuroLeague Team selection and won the EuroLeague title in 2015 and 2018 . During his stint in the NBA , he was an NBA All-Rookie Second Team member . Fernández represents the senior Spain national team internationally . He has won two FIBA World Cup titles , in 2006 and 2019 , two Olympic silver medals in 2008 and 2012 , as well as a bronze medal at the 2016 Summer Olympics . He also won three EuroBasket titles in 2009 , 2011 , and 2015 , a silver medal in 2007 , and a bronze medal in 2013 . Fernández earned an All-EuroBasket Team selection in 2009 .'}]}, {'value': 'DKV Joventut', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Joventut_Badalona', 'summary': "Club Joventut de Badalona , S.A.D . ( Catalan pronunciation : [ ˈklub ʒuβənˈtud bəðəˈlonə ] ) is a Spanish professional basketball club based in Badalona , Spain , playing in the Liga ACB and the EuroCup . Known to their fans as La Penya ( in English , The Club ) , it is one of only three teams that have never been relegated from the top division of the Spanish League . The only other two are Real Madrid and Estudiantes . In 1994 , Badalona was the champion of the FIBA European Champions ' Cup , which is now called the EuroLeague . Well-known players have included : Zoran Slavnić , Jordi Villacampa , Rafael Jofresa , Raül López , Rudy Fernández , Ricky Rubio and Joe Galvin ."}]}, {'value': '2007-08', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007–08_Euroleague', 'summary': "The 2007-08 Euroleague was the 8th season of the professional basketball competition for elite clubs throughout Europe , organised by Euroleague Basketball Company , and it was the 51st season of the premier competition for European men 's clubs overall . The 2007-08 season featured 24 competing teams . The Euroleague Regular Season draw was held on 30 June 2007 , in Jesolo , Italy , during the inaugural Euroleague summer league . The official inauguration was held on October 22 , at Hala Olivia in Gdańsk , Poland , before the season 's opening game between Prokom Trefl Sopot and CSKA Moscow . The 2008 Final Four was held on May 2-4 , 2008 , at the Palacio de Deportes de la Comunidad de Madrid in Madrid , Spain . Russian power CSKA Moscow became the champion for the sixth time , placing them second in all-time European championships to Real Madrid ."}]}, {'value': 'Danilo Gallinari', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Danilo_Gallinari', 'summary': 'Danilo Gallinari ( Italian pronunciation : [ daˈniːlo ɡalliˈnaːri ] ; born August 8 , 1988 ) is an Italian professional basketball player for the Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . After spending his first four years as a professional in his native Italy , Gallinari was drafted sixth overall in the 2008 NBA draft by the New York Knicks . He played with the Knicks for two and a half seasons before being traded to the Denver Nuggets in 2011 . In 2017 , he was acquired by the Clippers . His nickname is Gallo , which is Italian for rooster .'}]}, {'value': 'Armani Jeans Milano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pallacanestro_Olimpia_Milano', 'summary': 'Pallacanestro Olimpia Milano , also known as AX Armani Exchange Olimpia Milan after its title sponsor , is an LBA Italian professional basketball team , based in Milan , Italy . Its colors are red and white , and the team is sometimes referred as Scarpette Rosse ( Little Red Shoes ) because team officials imported red Converse All-Star shoes for players from the United States . The tag line stuck , and the nickname is still used by many fans today . As per custom in the Italian league , sponsorship has kept the team name changing frequently . From 1930 until 1955 , it was called Borletti Milano . From 1956 to 1973 , it was renamed Simmenthal . Other famous sponsorship names were Billy , Simac , Tracer , and Philips , in the 1980s . For past club sponsorship names , see the list below . Olimpia is the most titled basketball club in Italy , having won 28 Italian League championships , 6 Italian National Cups , 3 Italian Super Cups , 3 EuroLeague , 1 FIBA Intercontinental Cup , 3 FIBA Saporta Cups , 2 FIBA Korać Cups and many junior titles .'}]}, {'value': '2008-09', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008–09_Euroleague', 'summary': "The 2008-09 Euroleague was the 9th season of the professional basketball competition for elite clubs throughout Europe , organised by Euroleague Basketball Company , and it was the 52nd season of the premier competition for European men 's clubs overall . The season , which featured 24 teams from 13 different countries , culminated in the 2008-09 Euroleague Final Four at the new O2 World arena in Berlin , Germany . It was won by Panathinaikos , who defeated in the final , the defending champions , CSKA Moscow . While the general structure of the competition was identical to that used in recent seasons , changes were made to the format for two of its phases , the Regular Season and Quarterfinals ."}]}, {'value': 'Novica Veličković', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Novica_Veličković', 'summary': "Novica Veličković ( Serbian Cyrillic : Новица Величковић ; born October 5 , 1986 ) is a Serbian professional basketball player for Partizan of the ABA League and the Basketball League of Serbia . He also represented the senior Serbian national basketball team internationally . Standing at 2.05m ( 6 ' 8 \u200b3⁄4 ) , he plays at the power forward position , but he can also play at small forward ."}]}, {'value': 'Partizan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KK_Partizan', 'summary': "Košarkaški klub Partizan ( Serbian Cyrillic : Кошаркашки клуб Партизан , English : Partizan Basketball Club ) , commonly referred to as KK Partizan or simply Partizan , is a men 's professional basketball club based in Belgrade , Serbia . It is part of the multi-sports Belgrade-based club Partizan . The club is a founding member and shareholder of the Adriatic Basketball Association , and competes in the ABA League , the EuroCup and in the Basketball League of Serbia . Since 1945 , Partizan has won 48 trophies and is the holder of the 21 national champion titles . They have also won 16 national basketball cups , 6 Adriatic championships and 1 ABA League Supercup , and most notably the European Champion trophy at the Final Four of the EuroLeague in Istanbul in 1992 . The final game was notable for the buzzer-beater by Aleksandar Đorđević which ranks among the most famous shots in basketball history . They also won 3 Korać Cups in 1978 , 1979 and 1989 and participated in four Euroleague Final Fours . In September 2009 , Partizan became the first and to this day the only Serbian team to play an official game against an NBA team ."}]}, {'value': '2009-10', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2009–10_Euroleague', 'summary': "The 2009-10 Euroleague was the 10th season of the professional basketball competition for elite clubs throughout Europe , organised by Euroleague Basketball Company , and it was the 53rd season of the premier competition for European men 's clubs overall . The regular season featured 24 teams from 13 different countries . This season marked the first time in the modern era that a qualifying round was used to determine the last two teams for the regular season . The qualifying round started on September 29 , 2009 , while the regular season of the Euroleague started on October 15 , 2010 . The season ended with the Euroleague Final Four , which was hosted at the Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy in Paris , France , with the Final on May 9 , 2010 ."}]}, {'value': 'Ricky Rubio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ricky_Rubio', 'summary': 'Ricard Rubio Vives ( born October 21 , 1990 ) is a Spanish professional basketball player for the Phoenix Suns of the National Basketball Association . Rubio became the youngest player ever to play in the Spanish ACB League on October 15 , 2005 , at age 14 . He made his EuroLeague debut on October 24 , 2006 , at age 16 , becoming the first player born in the 1990s to play in a EuroLeague game . He is the fifth-youngest player to make their debut in the EuroLeague , since the year 2000 . On June 25 , 2009 , he was drafted with the fifth pick in the first round of the 2009 NBA draft by the Timberwolves , making him the first player born in the 1990s to be drafted by the NBA . The Timberwolves had an agreement in principle with his former Spanish team , DKV Joventut , to buy out his contract , but Rubio backed out of the deal . On August 31 , 2009 , Joventut traded the rights to Rubio to FC Barcelona , and Rubio signed a six-year contract with FC Barcelona the following day . In 2011 , Rubio joined the Minnesota Timberwolves , and spent six seasons in Minnesota before being traded to the Jazz in June 2017 . He signed with the Phoenix Suns in July 2019 .'}]}, {'value': 'Regal FC Barcelona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Barcelona_Bàsquet', 'summary': "FC Barcelona Bàsquet ( English : FC Barcelona Basketball ) , commonly referred to as FC Barcelona ( Catalan pronunciation : [ fubˈbɔl ˈklub bəɾsəˈlonə ] ( listen ) ) and colloquially known as Barça ( [ ˈbaɾsə ] ) , is a Spanish professional basketball club . It is a part of the FC Barcelona multi sports club , and was founded on 24 August 1926 , which makes it the oldest club in the Liga ACB . The club competes domestically in the Liga ACB and in the EuroLeague . Two times European champions , Barça completed a triple crown in 2003 by winning the season 's league , cup and EuroLeague . The team plays its home games at Palau Blaugrana , which was opened on 23 October 1971 . They share the facilities with the roller hockey , futsal , and handball teams of the club . Some of the well-known players that have played with the team included Pau Gasol , Rony Seikaly , Marc Gasol , Anderson Varejão , Juan Carlos Navarro , Jaka Lakovič , Šarūnas Jasikevičius , Dejan Bodiroga , Gianluca Basile , Ricky Rubio , Juan Antonio San Epifanio , Saša Đorđević , and Tony Massenburg . FC Barcelona also has a reserve team , called FC Barcelona Bàsquet B , that plays in the Spanish 2nd-tier LEB Oro ."}]}, {'value': '2010-11', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2010–11_Euroleague', 'summary': "The Turkish Airlines Euroleague 2010-11 was the 11th season of the modern era of professional Euroleague Basketball , and the first under the title sponsorship of Turkish Airlines . Including the competition 's previous incarnation as the FIBA Europe Champions Cup , this was the 54th season of the premier first-tier competition for European men 's clubs . The format featured 24 teams , beginning with Game 1 of the first qualifying round on September 21 , 2010 , and culminating at the Final Four in the Palau Sant Jordi , Barcelona . It was won by the Athenian club Panathinaikos ( 6th title ) , who defeated Maccabi Electra in the championship game of May 8 , 2011 . Montepaschi Siena , finished 3rd by holding off Real Madrid in the third-place game . At the individual level , the season was marked by Dimitris Diamantidis of Panathinaikos . Not only did the Greek point guard lift the trophy for the third time in five years and receive the Euroleague Final Four MVP award , but he also became the first player ever to win three end-of-season awards : Euroleague MVP , Euroleague Best Defender , and All-Euroleague First Team ."}]}, {'value': 'Nikola Mirotić', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nikola_Mirotić', 'summary': 'Nikola Mirotić ( Serbian Cyrillic : Никола Миротић ; born February 11 , 1991 ) is a Montenegrin-Spanish professional basketball player for the FC Barcelona of the Liga ACB and the EuroLeague . The power forward is a two-time All-EuroLeague Second Team member , and previously played for Real Madrid of the Liga ACB .'}]}, {'value': 'Real Madrid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Real_Madrid_Baloncesto', 'summary': "Real Madrid Baloncesto ( English : Real Madrid Basketball ) is a Spanish professional basketball team that was founded in 1931 , as a division of the Real Madrid CF multi sports club . They play domestically in the Liga ACB , and internationally in the EuroLeague . As successful as the Real Madrid athletic association 's football club , the basketball team has been the most successful of its peers in both Spain and Europe . The Real Madrid squads have won a record 35 Spanish League championships , including in 7-in-a-row and 10-in-a-row sequences . They have also won a record 28 Spanish Cup titles , a record 10 EuroLeague Championships , and a record 4 Saporta Cups . Madrid has also won a record 5 Intercontinental Cups , and they have also won 3 Triple Crowns . Some of the club 's star players over the years have included : Arvydas Sabonis , Dražen Petrović , Rudy Fernández , Serge Ibaka , Dražen Dalipagić , Nikola Mirotić , Juan Antonio Corbalán , Fernando Martín , Alberto Herreros , Dejan Bodiroga , and Luka Dončić . Real Madrid also has a developmental basketball team that plays in the amateur level Spanish 4th-tier Liga EBA , called Real Madrid B ."}]}, {'value': '2011-12', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2011–12_Euroleague', 'summary': "The 2011-12 Turkish Airlines Euroleague was the 12th season of the modern era of Euroleague and the second under the title sponsorship of Turkish Airlines . Including the competition 's previous incarnation as the FIBA Europe Champions Cup , this was the 55th season of the premier competition for European men 's clubs . The Final Four was held at the Sinan Erdem Dome in Istanbul , in 11-13 May 2012 . It was won by the Piraeus club Olympiacos ( 2nd title ) , who defeated CSKA Moscow in the championship game . It was the 5th final involving a Greek club in the last six seasons , and 3rd Greek win in that time ."}]}, {'value': 'Nikola Mirotić ( 2× )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nikola_Mirotić', 'summary': 'Nikola Mirotić ( Serbian Cyrillic : Никола Миротић ; born February 11 , 1991 ) is a Montenegrin-Spanish professional basketball player for the FC Barcelona of the Liga ACB and the EuroLeague . The power forward is a two-time All-EuroLeague Second Team member , and previously played for Real Madrid of the Liga ACB .'}]}, {'value': 'Real Madrid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Real_Madrid_Baloncesto', 'summary': "Real Madrid Baloncesto ( English : Real Madrid Basketball ) is a Spanish professional basketball team that was founded in 1931 , as a division of the Real Madrid CF multi sports club . They play domestically in the Liga ACB , and internationally in the EuroLeague . As successful as the Real Madrid athletic association 's football club , the basketball team has been the most successful of its peers in both Spain and Europe . The Real Madrid squads have won a record 35 Spanish League championships , including in 7-in-a-row and 10-in-a-row sequences . They have also won a record 28 Spanish Cup titles , a record 10 EuroLeague Championships , and a record 4 Saporta Cups . Madrid has also won a record 5 Intercontinental Cups , and they have also won 3 Triple Crowns . Some of the club 's star players over the years have included : Arvydas Sabonis , Dražen Petrović , Rudy Fernández , Serge Ibaka , Dražen Dalipagić , Nikola Mirotić , Juan Antonio Corbalán , Fernando Martín , Alberto Herreros , Dejan Bodiroga , and Luka Dončić . Real Madrid also has a developmental basketball team that plays in the amateur level Spanish 4th-tier Liga EBA , called Real Madrid B ."}]}, {'value': '2012-13', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012–13_Euroleague', 'summary': "The 2012-13 Euroleague was the 13th season of the modern era of Euroleague Basketball and the third under the title sponsorship of the Turkish Airlines . Including the competition 's previous incarnation as the FIBA Europe Champions Cup , this was the 56th season of the premier competition for European men 's clubs . The season started on 11 October 2012 and finished on 12 May 2013 . The Final Four was held at The O2 Arena in London . The championship game was won by Olympiacos , who defeated Real Madrid 100-88 . Olympiacos became the just third team since the introduction of the Final Four format to win two Euroleague championships in a row and the second team in Euroleague Basketball Company era ( Euroleague 2000-01 season to present ) to become back-to-back Euroleague champions ."}]}, {'value': 'Kostas Papanikolaou', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kostas_Papanikolaou', 'summary': "Konstantinos Kostas Papanikolaou ( Greek : Κωνσταντίνος Κώστας Παπανικολάου ; born July 31 , 1990 ) is a Greek professional basketball player for Olympiacos of the EuroLeague . Standing at 2.04 m ( 6 ' 8 \u200b1⁄2 ) tall , he plays at the small forward position . He has previously played in the NBA for the Houston Rockets and Denver Nuggets , and is also a member of the senior Greek nationals Player profil : A player who with his energy and athletic ability fills every corner of the parquet . It is a modern guard-forward with the ability to fight at least three positions ( 2-3-4 ) with great success . He loves to run in surprise and often finish the stages with striking nails . It has a prestigious winning mindset and thanks to this it has already celebrated many national and collective titles . Excellent defender , thanks to his long legs and elusive abilities , while helping him play left-handed ."}]}, {'value': 'Olympiacos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Olympiacos_B.C.', 'summary': "Olympiacos B.C . ( Greek : ΚΑΕ Ολυμπιακός Σ.Φ.Π . ) , commonly referred to as Olympiacos and Olympiacos Piraeus , is a Greek professional basketball club based in Piraeus , Athens , part of the major multi-sport club , Olympiacos CFP . The team currently competes only in the EuroLeague , after their decision to withdraw from the 2018-19 games against arch-rival Panathinaikos over long-standing refereeing disputes ; thus , the club is represented by a reserve team for the domestic competitions , called Olympiacos B.C . B Development Team . The parent club was founded in 1925 , with the basketball team created in 1931 , and their home ground is the Peace and Friendship Stadium in Piraeus . Olympiacos has been established as one of the most successful clubs in Greek basketball history and one of the most successful clubs in European basketball , having won three EuroLeagues , one FIBA Intercontinental Cup , one Triple Crown , twelve Greek League titles and nine Greek Cups . As a traditional European powerhouse , Olympiacos have also been five times EuroLeague runners-up and , having played a total of eight finals , they are the Greek club with the most EuroLeague Final appearances . They have also participated in ten EuroLeague Final Fours . The first major achievement of Olympiacos in European competitions was their presence in the 1978-79 FIBA European Champions Cup semifinals group stage , but it was in the 1990s that Olympiacos made their biggest mark . They became the first ever Greek club that reached the EuroLeague Final , being runners-up in two consecutive seasons ( 1994 and 1995 ) , winning their first EuroLeague title in 1997 , after a convincing 73-58 win to Barcelona in Rome , which was a record margin win at the time for one-leg final in the competition 's history . In the same season , they achieved the first Triple Crown for a Greek team and as European champions they played in the 1997 McDonald 's Championship , where they met in the final the Michael Jordan 's NBA champions , the Chicago Bulls ."}]}, {'value': '2013-14', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2013–14_Euroleague', 'summary': "The Turkish Airlines Euroleague 2013-14 was the 14th season of the modern era of Euroleague Basketball and the fourth under the title sponsorship of the Turkish Airlines . Including the competition 's previous incarnation as the FIBA Europe Champions Cup , this was the 57th season of the premier competition for European men 's clubs . Euroleague Basketball Company , in its annual meeting in Barcelona , determined the site of the season 's Euroleague Final Four venue . London was originally supposed to host the Final Four , but it was decided that the 2014 Euroleague Final Four be held at the Mediolanum Forum , in Milan . In the championship final game , Maccabi Electra defeated the previous season 's runners-up , Real Madrid , by a score of 98-86 after overtime , and won its sixth Euroleague title in the club 's history ."}]}, {'value': 'Bogdan Bogdanović', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bogdan_Bogdanović_(basketball)', 'summary': 'Bogdan Bogdanović ( Serbian : Богдан Богдановић [ needs IPA ] ; born August 18 , 1992 ) is a Serbian professional basketball player for the Sacramento Kings of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The shooting guard also represents the Serbian national basketball team internationally . He was selected by the Phoenix Suns with the 27th overall pick in the 2014 NBA draft , with his draft rights being traded to the Sacramento Kings during the 2016 NBA draft . Bogdanović earned an All-EuroLeague First Team and a EuroBasket All-Tournament Team selection in 2017 . He was named the 2017 All-Europe Player of the Year , by the international basketball website Eurobasket.com .'}]}, {'value': 'Partizan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KK_Partizan', 'summary': "Košarkaški klub Partizan ( Serbian Cyrillic : Кошаркашки клуб Партизан , English : Partizan Basketball Club ) , commonly referred to as KK Partizan or simply Partizan , is a men 's professional basketball club based in Belgrade , Serbia . It is part of the multi-sports Belgrade-based club Partizan . The club is a founding member and shareholder of the Adriatic Basketball Association , and competes in the ABA League , the EuroCup and in the Basketball League of Serbia . Since 1945 , Partizan has won 48 trophies and is the holder of the 21 national champion titles . They have also won 16 national basketball cups , 6 Adriatic championships and 1 ABA League Supercup , and most notably the European Champion trophy at the Final Four of the EuroLeague in Istanbul in 1992 . The final game was notable for the buzzer-beater by Aleksandar Đorđević which ranks among the most famous shots in basketball history . They also won 3 Korać Cups in 1978 , 1979 and 1989 and participated in four Euroleague Final Fours . In September 2009 , Partizan became the first and to this day the only Serbian team to play an official game against an NBA team ."}]}, {'value': '2014-15', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2014–15_Euroleague', 'summary': "The 2014-15 Turkish Airlines Euroleague was the 15th season of the modern era of Euroleague Basketball and the fifth under the title sponsorship of the Turkish Airlines . Including the competition 's previous iteration as the FIBA Europe Champions Cup , this was the 58th season of the premier competition for European men 's clubs . The city of Madrid hosted the Final Four from May 15 to 17 , 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'Bogdan Bogdanović ( 2× )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bogdan_Bogdanović_(basketball)', 'summary': 'Bogdan Bogdanović ( Serbian : Богдан Богдановић [ needs IPA ] ; born August 18 , 1992 ) is a Serbian professional basketball player for the Sacramento Kings of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . The shooting guard also represents the Serbian national basketball team internationally . He was selected by the Phoenix Suns with the 27th overall pick in the 2014 NBA draft , with his draft rights being traded to the Sacramento Kings during the 2016 NBA draft . Bogdanović earned an All-EuroLeague First Team and a EuroBasket All-Tournament Team selection in 2017 . He was named the 2017 All-Europe Player of the Year , by the international basketball website Eurobasket.com .'}]}, {'value': 'Fenerbahçe Ülker', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Fenerbahçe_Men's_Basketball", 'summary': "Fenerbahçe Basketball ( Turkish : Fenerbahçe Basketbol ) , commonly known as Fenerbahçe ( Turkish pronunciation : [ feˈnæɾbahtʃe ] ) , currently also known as Fenerbahçe Beko for sponsorship reasons , are a professional basketball team and the men 's basketball department of Fenerbahçe SK , a major Turkish multi-sport club based in Istanbul , Turkey . They are one of the most successful clubs in Turkish basketball history , the only Turkish team to have won the EuroLeague , as well as 12 Turkish championships ( 9 titles in the Turkish Super League and 3 in the former Turkish Basketball Championship ) , 7 Turkish Cups , and 7 Turkish Super Cups , among others . They play their home matches at the club 's own Ülker Sports Arena . Besides the European championship title in 2017 , which was secured by a convincing 80-64 win against Greek powerhouse Olympiacos in the final , Fenerbahçe have also been EuroLeague runners-up in 2016 and 2018 . Fener also have played in five consecutive EuroLeague Final Fours ( 2015 , 2016 , 2017 , 2018 , 2019 ) to date , a record in Turkish basketball . Currently , Fenerbahçe are dominating the Turkish Super League , which is considered to be one of the best European national domestic basketball leagues . The club swept through the Turkish League playoffs in the 2017-18 season with only one defeat , defeating Tofaş in the finals , with a 4-1 series sweep . The team lost only four Turkish League matches in the whole season . Many memorable players in European basketball have played for Fenerbahçe over the years , some of which have included : İbrahim Kutluay , Mirsad Türkcan , Šarūnas Jasikevičius , Žan Tabak , Conrad McRae , Nemanja Bjelica , Ömer Aşık , Thabo Sefolosha , Linas Kleiza , Ömer Onan , David Andersen , Harun Erdenay , Damir Mršić , Bojan Bogdanović , Semih Erden , Mahmoud Abdul-Rauf , Tanoka Beard , Nikos Zisis , James Gist , Gordan Giriček , Mike Batiste , Marko Milič , Will Solomon , Bo McCalebb , Ekpe Udoh , Pero Antić , Luigi Datome , Nikola Kalinić , Kostas Sloukas , Jan Veselý , Ali Muhammed , Nicolò Melli , and Bogdan Bogdanović . Since 2013 the coach of the team is Željko Obradović , who is generally considered to be the greatest European coach in basketball history ."}]}, {'value': '2015-16', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2015–16_Euroleague', 'summary': "The 2015-16 Turkish Airlines Euroleague was the 16th season of the modern era of Euroleague Basketball and the sixth under the title sponsorship of the Turkish Airlines . Including the competition 's previous incarnation as the FIBA Europe Champions Cup , this was the 59th season of the premier competition for European men 's professional basketball clubs . The 2016 Euroleague Final was played between CSKA Moscow and Fenerbahçe at the Mercedes-Benz Arena in Berlin , Germany . CSKA Moscow defeated Fenerbahçe 101-96 on extra time in the final to win their seventh European Cup/Euroleague title . Real Madrid were the title holders , but they were eliminated by Fenerbahçe in the playoffs ."}]}, {'value': 'Álex Abrines', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Álex_Abrines', 'summary': 'Alejandro Álex Abrines Redondo ( born August 1 , 1993 ) is a Spanish professional basketball player for Barcelona of the Liga ACB and the EuroLeague . Standing at 6 ft 6 in ( 1.98 m ) , he plays the shooting guard and small forward positions .'}]}, {'value': 'FC Barcelona Lassa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Barcelona_Bàsquet', 'summary': "FC Barcelona Bàsquet ( English : FC Barcelona Basketball ) , commonly referred to as FC Barcelona ( Catalan pronunciation : [ fubˈbɔl ˈklub bəɾsəˈlonə ] ( listen ) ) and colloquially known as Barça ( [ ˈbaɾsə ] ) , is a Spanish professional basketball club . It is a part of the FC Barcelona multi sports club , and was founded on 24 August 1926 , which makes it the oldest club in the Liga ACB . The club competes domestically in the Liga ACB and in the EuroLeague . Two times European champions , Barça completed a triple crown in 2003 by winning the season 's league , cup and EuroLeague . The team plays its home games at Palau Blaugrana , which was opened on 23 October 1971 . They share the facilities with the roller hockey , futsal , and handball teams of the club . Some of the well-known players that have played with the team included Pau Gasol , Rony Seikaly , Marc Gasol , Anderson Varejão , Juan Carlos Navarro , Jaka Lakovič , Šarūnas Jasikevičius , Dejan Bodiroga , Gianluca Basile , Ricky Rubio , Juan Antonio San Epifanio , Saša Đorđević , and Tony Massenburg . FC Barcelona also has a reserve team , called FC Barcelona Bàsquet B , that plays in the Spanish 2nd-tier LEB Oro ."}]}, {'value': '2016-17', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016–17_EuroLeague', 'summary': "The 2016-17 Turkish Airlines EuroLeague was the 17th season of the modern era of Euroleague Basketball and the seventh under the title sponsorship of the Turkish Airlines . Including the competition 's previous incarnation as the FIBA Europe Champions Cup , this was the 60th season of the premier level competition for European men 's professional basketball clubs . This was the first season in which the competition changed to a league format , with sixteen teams playing each other in a home-and-away round-robin competition . Regular season groups were abolished , as well as the Top 16 group stage . The Final Four was hosted by the Sinan Erdem Dome in Istanbul , Turkey . Fenerbahçe won its inaugural European championship in its home city after defeating Olympiacos in the final ."}]}, {'value': 'Luka Dončić', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luka_Dončić', 'summary': 'Luka Dončić ( Slovene : [ ˈlùːka ˈdòːntʃitʃ ] ; born February 28 , 1999 ) is a Slovenian professional basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) and the Slovenian national team . Born in Ljubljana , Dončić shone as a youth player for Union Olimpija , before joining the youth academy of the Spanish club , Real Madrid . He debuted for their senior team in 2015 , at age 16 , becoming the youngest in club history . Two years later , he led Madrid to the 2018 EuroLeague title , winning the EuroLeague MVP as well as the Final Four MVP . Dončić was also named the ACB Most Valuable Player , and won back-to-back EuroLeague Rising Star and ACB Best Young Player awards . In 2018 , Dončić declared for the NBA draft and joined the Dallas Mavericks in the United States . [ note 1 ] He was selected unanimously to the NBA All-Rookie First Team and won Rookie of the Year for the 2018-19 season . In his sophomore season , he was selected to his first NBA All-Star game . A Slovenian international , Dončić made his senior debut for Slovenia in 2016 at only 17 years of age ; he would later be named to the All-Tournament Team after helping his country win its first EuroBasket title in 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Real Madrid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Real_Madrid_Baloncesto', 'summary': "Real Madrid Baloncesto ( English : Real Madrid Basketball ) is a Spanish professional basketball team that was founded in 1931 , as a division of the Real Madrid CF multi sports club . They play domestically in the Liga ACB , and internationally in the EuroLeague . As successful as the Real Madrid athletic association 's football club , the basketball team has been the most successful of its peers in both Spain and Europe . The Real Madrid squads have won a record 35 Spanish League championships , including in 7-in-a-row and 10-in-a-row sequences . They have also won a record 28 Spanish Cup titles , a record 10 EuroLeague Championships , and a record 4 Saporta Cups . Madrid has also won a record 5 Intercontinental Cups , and they have also won 3 Triple Crowns . Some of the club 's star players over the years have included : Arvydas Sabonis , Dražen Petrović , Rudy Fernández , Serge Ibaka , Dražen Dalipagić , Nikola Mirotić , Juan Antonio Corbalán , Fernando Martín , Alberto Herreros , Dejan Bodiroga , and Luka Dončić . Real Madrid also has a developmental basketball team that plays in the amateur level Spanish 4th-tier Liga EBA , called Real Madrid B ."}]}, {'value': '2017-18', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2017–18_EuroLeague', 'summary': "The 2017-18 Turkish Airlines EuroLeague was the 18th season of the modern era of Euroleague Basketball and the eighth under the title sponsorship of the Turkish Airlines . Including the competition 's previous incarnation as the FIBA Europe Champions Cup , this was the 61st season of the premier competition for European men 's professional basketball clubs . The 2018 EuroLeague Final Four was played at the Štark Arena , in Belgrade , Serbia . Real Madrid won its record tenth EuroLeague title , after defeating defending champions Fenerbahçe Doğuş in the championship game ."}]}, {'value': 'Luka Dončić ( 2× )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luka_Dončić', 'summary': 'Luka Dončić ( Slovene : [ ˈlùːka ˈdòːntʃitʃ ] ; born February 28 , 1999 ) is a Slovenian professional basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) and the Slovenian national team . Born in Ljubljana , Dončić shone as a youth player for Union Olimpija , before joining the youth academy of the Spanish club , Real Madrid . He debuted for their senior team in 2015 , at age 16 , becoming the youngest in club history . Two years later , he led Madrid to the 2018 EuroLeague title , winning the EuroLeague MVP as well as the Final Four MVP . Dončić was also named the ACB Most Valuable Player , and won back-to-back EuroLeague Rising Star and ACB Best Young Player awards . In 2018 , Dončić declared for the NBA draft and joined the Dallas Mavericks in the United States . [ note 1 ] He was selected unanimously to the NBA All-Rookie First Team and won Rookie of the Year for the 2018-19 season . In his sophomore season , he was selected to his first NBA All-Star game . A Slovenian international , Dončić made his senior debut for Slovenia in 2016 at only 17 years of age ; he would later be named to the All-Tournament Team after helping his country win its first EuroBasket title in 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Real Madrid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Real_Madrid_Baloncesto', 'summary': "Real Madrid Baloncesto ( English : Real Madrid Basketball ) is a Spanish professional basketball team that was founded in 1931 , as a division of the Real Madrid CF multi sports club . They play domestically in the Liga ACB , and internationally in the EuroLeague . As successful as the Real Madrid athletic association 's football club , the basketball team has been the most successful of its peers in both Spain and Europe . The Real Madrid squads have won a record 35 Spanish League championships , including in 7-in-a-row and 10-in-a-row sequences . They have also won a record 28 Spanish Cup titles , a record 10 EuroLeague Championships , and a record 4 Saporta Cups . Madrid has also won a record 5 Intercontinental Cups , and they have also won 3 Triple Crowns . Some of the club 's star players over the years have included : Arvydas Sabonis , Dražen Petrović , Rudy Fernández , Serge Ibaka , Dražen Dalipagić , Nikola Mirotić , Juan Antonio Corbalán , Fernando Martín , Alberto Herreros , Dejan Bodiroga , and Luka Dončić . Real Madrid also has a developmental basketball team that plays in the amateur level Spanish 4th-tier Liga EBA , called Real Madrid B ."}]}, {'value': '2018-19', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2018–19_EuroLeague', 'summary': "The 2018-19 Turkish Airlines EuroLeague was the 19th season of the modern era of Euroleague Basketball and the eighth under the title sponsorship of the Turkish Airlines . Including the competition 's previous incarnation as the FIBA Europe Champions Cup , this was be the 62nd season of the premier competition for European men 's clubs . The season started on 11 October 2018 and finished in May 2019 with the 2019 EuroLeague Final Four at Fernando Buesa Arena in Vitoria-Gasteiz , Spain . CSKA Moscow won the championship after defeating Anadolu Efes in the championship game ."}]}, {'value': 'Goga Bitadze', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goga_Bitadze', 'summary': 'Goga Bitadze ( Georgian : გოგა ბითაძე ) ( born 20 July 1999 ) is a Georgian professional basketball player for the Fort Wayne Mad Ants , on assignment from the Indiana Pacers of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . Listed at 6 ft 11 in ( 2.11 m ) and 250 lbs ( 113 kg ) , he plays the center position . He was drafted 18th overall by the Pacers in the 2019 NBA draft . Born in Sagarejo , Bitadze started playing basketball professionally with VITA Tbilisi in the VTB United League . In 2015 , he moved to Serbian club Mega Basket and was loaned to Serbian League team Smederevo 1953 in the following year . Upon his return to Mega in 2017-18 , Bitadze was named most valuable player ( MVP ) of the Junior ABA League and became a key player for the senior team . At the end of 2018 , he was loaned to Budućnost in Montenegro and was named EuroLeague Rising Star for the 2018-19 season . Bitadze is a member of the Georgian national basketball team . He was named to the national team at EuroBasket 2017 and made his debut at FIBA World Cup qualifiers in 2017 . Previously , Bitadze represented Georgia at the junior level in FIBA competition .'}]}, {'value': 'Budućnost VOLI', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KK_Budućnost', 'summary': 'KK Budućnost ( pronounced [ budǔːtɕnoːst ] , English : KK Future ) , currently known as Budućnost VOLI ( English : Future VOLI ) for sponsorship reasons , is a professional basketball club based in Podgorica , Montenegro . The club competes in Montenegrin Basketball League , Adriatic League and Eurocup . It is a part of the Budućnost Sports Society . The club is a founding member and shareholder of the Adriatic Basketball Association .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Winners', 'section_text': 'Nikola Mirotić was the first repeat winner , doing so in 2011 & 2012 . Bogdan Bogdanović was a two-time EuroLeague Rising Star ( 2014 , 2015 ) . Luka Dončić was a repeat EuroLeague Rising Star in 2017 & 2018 .', 'uid': 'Euroleague_Rising_Star_0', 'intro': "The EuroLeague Rising Star in an annual award of the EuroLeague, which is the top-tier level European-wide professional club basketball league, that is given to the player the EuroLeague deems its top rising star. The award began in the 2004-05 season, and the winner is selected by the EuroLeague's head coaches. Only players who were younger than age 22, on July 1 of the summer before the season started, are eligible for the award."}
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For what team was a Georgian professional basketball player a rising star ?
Budućnost VOLI
04ce1f3c2730c4e5
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_flag_bearers_for_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_at_the_Olympics', 'title': 'List of flag bearers for the Democratic Republic of the Congo at the Olympics', 'header': ['#', 'Event year', 'Season', 'Flag bearer', 'Sport'], 'data': [{'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2016 Summer Olympics ( Portuguese : Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2016 ) , [ a ] officially known as the Games of the XXXI Olympiad ( Portuguese : Jogos da XXXI Olimpíada ) and commonly known as Rio 2016 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 5 to 21 August 2016 in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , with preliminary events in some sports beginning on 3 August . These were the first Olympic Games ever to be held in South America and the fourth to be held in a developing country , after the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico , the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union , and the 2008 Summer Olympics in China . More than 11,000 athletes from 205 National Olympic Committees took part , including first time entrants Kosovo , South Sudan , and the Refugee Olympic Team . With 306 sets of medals , the games featured 28 Olympic sports , including rugby sevens and golf , which were added to the Olympic program in 2009 . These sporting events took place at 33 venues in the host city and at five separate venues in the Brazilian cities of São Paulo , Belo Horizonte , Salvador , Brasília , and Manaus . These were the first Summer Olympic Games to take place under the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) presidency of Thomas Bach . The host city Rio de Janeiro was announced at the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen , Denmark , on 2 October 2009 . Rio became the first South American city ever to host the Olympic Games . These were the first games to be held in a Portuguese-speaking country , the first summer edition to be held entirely in the host country 's winter season , the first since 1968 to be held in Latin America , and the first since 2000 to be held in the Southern Hemisphere . The United States topped the medal table , winning the most gold and overall medals , 46 and 121 , as well as its 1,000th Summer Olympic gold medal overall . Great Britain finished second and became only the second country in modern Olympic history to increase its tally of medals in the Olympiad immediately after it had been host nation . China finished third ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rosa Keleku', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rosa_Keleku', 'summary': "Rosa Keleku ( born 16 January 1995 ) is a Democratic Republic of the Congo taekwondo athlete . At the 2015 African Games she won a silver medal in the 49 kg category . She qualified for the 2016 Summer Olympics and she carried her country 's flag in the opening ceremony in Rio de Janeiro . She was the only one of her country 's team to qualify . The other members of her country 's team were chosen under a principal of universality . She competed in the women 's 49 kg , where she lost to Itzel Manjarrez in the preliminaries ."}]}, {'value': 'Taekwondo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Taekwondo_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'Taekwondo at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro took place from 17 to 20 August at the Carioca Arena 3 inside the Barra Olympic Park in Barra da Tijuca . Around 128 taekwondo fighters competed in eight weight categories ; four for men , and four for women .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2012 Summer Olympics , formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London , United Kingdom . The first event , the group stage in women 's football , began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff , followed by the opening ceremony on 27 July . 10,768 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) participated . Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe and then-Mayor of London Ken Livingstone , London was selected as the host city on 6 July 2005 during the 117th IOC Session in Singapore , defeating bids from Moscow , New York City , Madrid , and Paris . London became the first city to host the modern Olympics three times , having previously hosted the Summer Games in 1908 and in 1948 . Construction for the Games involved considerable redevelopment , with an emphasis on sustainability . The main focus was a new 200-hectare ( 490-acre ) Olympic Park , constructed on a former industrial site at Stratford , East London . The Games also made use of venues that already existed before the bid . The Games received general praise for their organisation , with the volunteers , the British military and public enthusiasm praised particularly highly . The opening ceremony , directed by Danny Boyle , received widespread acclaim throughout the world , particular praise from the British public and a minority of widely ranging criticisms from some social media sites . During the Games , Michael Phelps became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time , winning his 22nd medal . Saudi Arabia , Qatar , and Brunei entered female athletes for the first time , so that every currently eligible country has sent a female competitor to at least one Olympic Games ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ilunga Mande Zatara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ilunga_Mande_Zatara', 'summary': 'Ilunga Mande Zatara ( born 12 March 1983 in Kipushi , DR Congo ) is a DR Congolese runner . He competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics in the marathon event and was flag bearer for the Democratic Republic of the Congo team at the opening ceremony . He did not finish the event .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_(sport)', 'summary': "Athletics is a group of sporting events that involves competitive running , jumping , throwing , and walking . The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field , road running , cross country running , and race walking . The results of racing events are decided by finishing position ( or time , where measured ) , while the jumps and throws are won by the athlete that achieves the highest or furthest measurement from a series of attempts . The simplicity of the competitions , and the lack of a need for expensive equipment , makes athletics one of the most common types of sports in the world . Athletics is mostly an individual sport , with the exception of relay races and competitions which combine athletes ' performances for a team score , such as cross country . Organized athletics are traced back to the Ancient Olympic Games from 776 BC . The rules and format of the modern events in athletics were defined in Western Europe and North America in the 19th and early 20th century , and were then spread to other parts of the world . Most modern top level meetings are held under the auspices of World Athletics , the global governing body for the sport of athletics , or its member continental and national federations . The athletics meeting forms the backbone of the Summer Olympics . The foremost international athletics meeting is the World Athletics Championships , which incorporates track and field , marathon running and race walking . Other top level competitions in athletics include the World Athletics Cross Country Championships and the World Half Marathon Championships . Athletes with a physical disability compete at the Summer Paralympics and the World Para Athletics Championships ."}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 2008 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad ( Chinese : 第二十九届夏季奥林匹克运动会 ; pinyin : Dì Èrshíjiǔ Jiè Xiàjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì ) and commonly known as Beijing 2008 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 8 to 24 August 2008 in Beijing , China . [ b ] A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) competed in 28 sports and 302 events ( one event more than those scheduled for the 2004 Summer Olympics ) . This was the first time that China had hosted the Summer Olympics , but the third time that the Games had been held in East Asia , following the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo , Japan , and the Seoul 1988 Summer Olympics . These were the second summer Olympic Games staged in a Communist country , after the Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics and the third in a developing country after the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union and the first overall Olympics to be hosted by a Communist state since the former Yugoslavia hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo . Beijing was awarded the 2008 Games over four competitors on 13 July 2001 , having won a majority of votes from members of the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) after two rounds of voting . The Government of the People 's Republic of China promoted the Games and invested heavily in new facilities and transport systems . A total of 37 venues were used to host the events , including twelve constructed specifically for the 2008 Olympics . The equestrian events were held in Hong Kong , making this the third Olympics for which the events were held under the jurisdiction of two different NOCs . [ c ] The sailing events were contested in Qingdao , while the football events took place across several different cities . The official logo for the 2008 Games , titled Dancing Beijing , featured a stylised calligraphic character jīng ( 京 , means capital ) in reference to the host city . The Beijing Olympics was watched by 3,500,000,000 people worldwide and featured the longest distance for an Olympic Torch relay . The event sets numerous world and Olympics records in the history of sports , and is also the most expensive Summer Olympics of all time and second-most expensive overall , after the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Franka Magali', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Franka_Magali', 'summary': 'Magali Franka ( born 24 January 1990 in Lyon , France ) is a track and field sprint athlete who competes internationally for the Democratic Republic of the Congo . Magali represented DR Congo at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing . She competed at the 100 metres sprint and placed eighth in her heat without advancing to the second round . She ran the distance in a time of 12.57 seconds .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_(sport)', 'summary': "Athletics is a group of sporting events that involves competitive running , jumping , throwing , and walking . The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field , road running , cross country running , and race walking . The results of racing events are decided by finishing position ( or time , where measured ) , while the jumps and throws are won by the athlete that achieves the highest or furthest measurement from a series of attempts . The simplicity of the competitions , and the lack of a need for expensive equipment , makes athletics one of the most common types of sports in the world . Athletics is mostly an individual sport , with the exception of relay races and competitions which combine athletes ' performances for a team score , such as cross country . Organized athletics are traced back to the Ancient Olympic Games from 776 BC . The rules and format of the modern events in athletics were defined in Western Europe and North America in the 19th and early 20th century , and were then spread to other parts of the world . Most modern top level meetings are held under the auspices of World Athletics , the global governing body for the sport of athletics , or its member continental and national federations . The athletics meeting forms the backbone of the Summer Olympics . The foremost international athletics meeting is the World Athletics Championships , which incorporates track and field , marathon running and race walking . Other top level competitions in athletics include the World Athletics Cross Country Championships and the World Half Marathon Championships . Athletes with a physical disability compete at the Summer Paralympics and the World Para Athletics Championships ."}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2004 Summer Olympics ( Greek : Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2004 , Therinoí Olympiakoí Agónes 2004 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad and commonly known as Athens 2004 , was a premier international multi-sport event held in Athens , Greece , from 13 to 29 August 2004 with the motto Welcome Home . The Games saw 10,625 athletes compete , some 600 more than expected , accompanied by 5,501 team officials from 201 countries . There were 301 medal events in 28 different sports . Athens 2004 marked the first time since the 1996 Summer Olympics that all countries with a National Olympic Committee were in attendance . 2004 also marked the return of the Olympic Games to the city where they began . Having previously hosted the Olympics in 1896 , Athens became one of only four cities to have hosted the Summer Olympic Games on two separate occasions at the time ( together with Paris , London , and Los Angeles ) . A new medal obverse was introduced at these Games , replacing the design by Giuseppe Cassioli that had been used since the 1928 Games . This rectified the long lasting mistake of using a depiction of the Roman Colosseum rather than a Greek venue . The new design features the Panathenaic Stadium . The 2004 Summer Games were hailed as unforgettable , dream games by IOC President Jacques Rogge , and left Athens with a significantly improved infrastructure , including a new airport , ring road , and subway system . There have been arguments ( mostly in popular media ) regarding the cost of the 2004 Athens Summer Games and their possible contribution to the 2010-2018 Greek government-debt crisis , however , there is little or no evidence for such a correlation . The 2004 Olympics were generally deemed to be a success , with the rising standard of competition amongst nations across the world .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gary Kikaya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gary_Kikaya', 'summary': 'Gary Senga Kikaya ( born 4 February 1980 ) is a retired sprinter from the Democratic Republic of the Congo . He competed in the 400 m event at the 2004 and 2008 Olympics , but failed to reach the finals .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_(sport)', 'summary': "Athletics is a group of sporting events that involves competitive running , jumping , throwing , and walking . The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field , road running , cross country running , and race walking . The results of racing events are decided by finishing position ( or time , where measured ) , while the jumps and throws are won by the athlete that achieves the highest or furthest measurement from a series of attempts . The simplicity of the competitions , and the lack of a need for expensive equipment , makes athletics one of the most common types of sports in the world . Athletics is mostly an individual sport , with the exception of relay races and competitions which combine athletes ' performances for a team score , such as cross country . Organized athletics are traced back to the Ancient Olympic Games from 776 BC . The rules and format of the modern events in athletics were defined in Western Europe and North America in the 19th and early 20th century , and were then spread to other parts of the world . Most modern top level meetings are held under the auspices of World Athletics , the global governing body for the sport of athletics , or its member continental and national federations . The athletics meeting forms the backbone of the Summer Olympics . The foremost international athletics meeting is the World Athletics Championships , which incorporates track and field , marathon running and race walking . Other top level competitions in athletics include the World Athletics Cross Country Championships and the World Half Marathon Championships . Athletes with a physical disability compete at the Summer Paralympics and the World Para Athletics Championships ."}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 2000 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVII Olympiad and commonly known as Sydney 2000 or the Millennium Olympic Games/Games of the New Millennium , was an international multi-sport event held between 15 September and 1 October 2000 in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . It was the second time the Summer Olympics were held in Australia , and also the Southern Hemisphere , the first being in Melbourne , Victoria , in 1956 .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Willy Kalombo Mwenze', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Willy_Kalombo_Mwenze', 'summary': 'Willy Kalombo Mwenze ( born 7 June 1970 ) is a retired long-distance runner from the Democratic Republic of the Congo who specialized in the marathon . He attended three Olympic Games ( 1992 , 1996 , 2000 ) . He finished fourteenth at the 1997 World Championships and 49th at the 1999 World Championships . He also won a silver medal at the 1996 African Marathon Championships . His personal best time was 2:08:40 hours , achieved in April 1999 in Paris . This is the current national record .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_(sport)', 'summary': "Athletics is a group of sporting events that involves competitive running , jumping , throwing , and walking . The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field , road running , cross country running , and race walking . The results of racing events are decided by finishing position ( or time , where measured ) , while the jumps and throws are won by the athlete that achieves the highest or furthest measurement from a series of attempts . The simplicity of the competitions , and the lack of a need for expensive equipment , makes athletics one of the most common types of sports in the world . Athletics is mostly an individual sport , with the exception of relay races and competitions which combine athletes ' performances for a team score , such as cross country . Organized athletics are traced back to the Ancient Olympic Games from 776 BC . The rules and format of the modern events in athletics were defined in Western Europe and North America in the 19th and early 20th century , and were then spread to other parts of the world . Most modern top level meetings are held under the auspices of World Athletics , the global governing body for the sport of athletics , or its member continental and national federations . The athletics meeting forms the backbone of the Summer Olympics . The foremost international athletics meeting is the World Athletics Championships , which incorporates track and field , marathon running and race walking . Other top level competitions in athletics include the World Athletics Cross Country Championships and the World Half Marathon Championships . Athletes with a physical disability compete at the Summer Paralympics and the World Para Athletics Championships ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "The 1996 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad , commonly known as Atlanta 1996 , and also referred to as the Centennial Olympic Games , were an international multi-sport event that was held from July 19 to August 4 , 1996 , in Atlanta , Georgia , U.S . These Games , which were the fourth Summer Olympics to be hosted by the United States , marked the centennial of the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens - the inaugural edition of the modern Olympic Games . They were also the first since 1924 to be held in a different year from a Winter Olympics , under a new IOC practice implemented in 1994 to hold the Summer and Winter Games in alternating , even-numbered years . More than 10,000 athletes from 197 National Olympic Committees competed in 26 sports , including the Olympic debuts of beach volleyball , mountain biking , and softball , as well as the new disciplines of lightweight rowing and women 's football ( soccer ) . 24 countries made their Summer Olympic debut in Atlanta , including eleven former Soviet republics participating for the first time as independent nations . The hosting United States led the medal count with a total of 101 medals , and the most gold ( 44 ) and silver ( 32 ) medals out of all countries . The U.S. topped the medal count for the first time since 1984 , and for the first time since 1968 in a non-boycotted Summer Olympics . Notable performances during competition included those of Andre Agassi - who became the first men 's singles tennis player to combine a career Grand Slam with an Olympic gold medal , Donovan Bailey - who set a new world record of 9.84 for the men 's 100 meters , and Lilia Podkopayeva - who became the second gymnast to win an individual event gold after winning the all-round title in the same Olympics . The festivities were marred by violence on July 27 , when Eric Rudolph detonated pipe bombs at Centennial Olympic Park - a downtown park that was built to serve as a public focal point for the Games ' festivities , killing 1 and injuring 111 . In 2003 , Rudolph confessed to the bombing and a series of related attacks on abortion centers and a gay bar , and was sentenced to life in prison . He claimed that the bombing was meant to protest the U.S. government 's sanctioning of abortion on demand . The Games turned a profit , helped by record revenue from sponsorship deals and broadcast rights , and reliance on private funding ( as opposed to the extensive public funding used on later Olympics ) , among other factors ."}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lukengu Ngalula', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lukengu_Ngalula', 'summary': "Lukengu Ngalula ( born 11 August 1971 ) is a Congolese basketball player . She competed in the women 's tournament at the 1996 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Basketball', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Basketball', 'summary': "Basketball is a team sport in which two teams , most commonly of five players each , opposing one another on a rectangular court , compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball ( approximately 9.4 inches ( 24 cm ) in diameter ) through the defender 's hoop ( a basket 18 inches ( 46 cm ) in diameter mounted 10 feet ( 3.048 m ) high to a backboard at each end of the court ) while preventing the opposing team from shooting through their own hoop . A field goal is worth two points , unless made from behind the three-point line , when it is worth three . After a foul , timed play stops and the player fouled or designated to shoot a technical foul is given one or more one-point free throws . The team with the most points at the end of the game wins , but if regulation play expires with the score tied , an additional period of play ( overtime ) is mandated . Players advance the ball by bouncing it while walking or running ( dribbling ) or by passing it to a teammate , both of which require considerable skill . On offense , players may use a variety of shots - the lay-up , the jump shot , or a dunk ; on defense , they may steal the ball from a dribbler , intercept passes , or block shots ; either offense or defense may collect a rebound , that is , a missed shot that bounces from rim or backboard . It is a violation to lift or drag one 's pivot foot without dribbling the ball , to carry it , or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling . The five players on each side at a time fall into five playing positions the tallest player is usually the center , the tallest and strongest is the power forward , a slightly shorter but more agile player is the small forward , and the shortest players or the best ball handlers are the shooting guard and the point guard , who implements the coach 's game plan by managing the execution of offensive and defensive plays ( player positioning ) . Informally , players may play three-on-three , two-on-two , and one-on-one . Invented in 1891 by Canadian-American gym teacher James Naismith in Springfield , Massachusetts , United States , basketball has evolved to become one of the world 's most popular and widely viewed sports . The National Basketball Association ( NBA ) is the most significant professional basketball league in the world in terms of popularity , salaries , talent , and level of competition . Outside North America , the top clubs from national leagues qualify to continental championships such as the EuroLeague and the Basketball Champions League Americas ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1988 Summer Olympics ( Korean : 서울 하계 올림픽 ; RR : Seoul Hagye Ollimpik [ sʌ.ul ɦaɡje olːimpʰik ] ) , officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event celebrated from 17 September to 2 October 1988 in Seoul , South Korea . In the Seoul Games , 159 nations were represented by a total of 8,391 athletes : 6,197 men and 2,194 women . 237 events were held and 27,221 volunteers helped to prepare the Olympics . 11,331 media ( 4,978 written press and 6,353 broadcasters ) showed the Games all over the world . These were the last Olympic Games for the Soviet Union and East Germany , as both ceased to exist before the next Olympic Games . The Soviets utterly dominated the medal table , winning 55 gold and 132 total medals . No country came close to this result after 1988 . The games were boycotted by North Korea and its ally , Cuba . Ethiopia , Albania and the Seychelles did not respond to the invitations sent by the IOC . Nicaragua did not participate due to athletic and financial considerations . The participation of Madagascar had been expected , and their team was expected at the opening ceremony of 160 nations . However , the country withdrew because of financial reasons .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dikanda Diba', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dikanda_Diba', 'summary': "Dikanda Diba ( born 10 October 1966 ) is a Congolese long-distance runner . She competed in the women 's 3000 metres at the 1988 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_(sport)', 'summary': "Athletics is a group of sporting events that involves competitive running , jumping , throwing , and walking . The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field , road running , cross country running , and race walking . The results of racing events are decided by finishing position ( or time , where measured ) , while the jumps and throws are won by the athlete that achieves the highest or furthest measurement from a series of attempts . The simplicity of the competitions , and the lack of a need for expensive equipment , makes athletics one of the most common types of sports in the world . Athletics is mostly an individual sport , with the exception of relay races and competitions which combine athletes ' performances for a team score , such as cross country . Organized athletics are traced back to the Ancient Olympic Games from 776 BC . The rules and format of the modern events in athletics were defined in Western Europe and North America in the 19th and early 20th century , and were then spread to other parts of the world . Most modern top level meetings are held under the auspices of World Athletics , the global governing body for the sport of athletics , or its member continental and national federations . The athletics meeting forms the backbone of the Summer Olympics . The foremost international athletics meeting is the World Athletics Championships , which incorporates track and field , marathon running and race walking . Other top level competitions in athletics include the World Athletics Cross Country Championships and the World Half Marathon Championships . Athletes with a physical disability compete at the Summer Paralympics and the World Para Athletics Championships ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'The 1984 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event that was held from July 28 to August 12 , 1984 , in Los Angeles , California , United States ( and other venues around the United States ) . This was the second time that Los Angeles had hosted the Games , the first being in 1932 . California was the home state of then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan , who officially opened the Games . The logo for the 1984 Games , branded Stars in Motion , featured red , white and blue stars arranged horizontally and struck through with alternating streaks . The official mascot of the Games was Sam the Olympic Eagle . These were the first Summer Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Juan Antonio Samaranch . The 1984 Games were boycotted by a total of fourteen Eastern Bloc countries , including the Soviet Union and East Germany , in response to the American-led boycott of the previous 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow in protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan ; Romania was the only Eastern Bloc nation that opted to attend the Games . Iran and Libya also chose to boycott the Games for unrelated reasons . Despite the field being depleted in certain sports due to the boycott , 140 National Olympic Committees took part , which was a record at the time . The United States won the most gold and overall medals , followed by Romania and West Germany . The 1984 Summer Olympics are widely considered to be the most financially successful modern Olympics and served as an example of how to run the model Olympic Games . As a result of low construction costs , coupled with a reliance on private corporate funding , the 1984 Olympic Games generated a profit of more than $ 250 million .'}]}, {'value': 'Summer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christine Bakombo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Christine_Bakombo', 'summary': "Kungu Christine Bakombo ( born 7 August 1962 ) is a Congolese long-distance runner . She competed in the women 's marathon at the 1992 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_(sport)', 'summary': "Athletics is a group of sporting events that involves competitive running , jumping , throwing , and walking . The most common types of athletics competitions are track and field , road running , cross country running , and race walking . The results of racing events are decided by finishing position ( or time , where measured ) , while the jumps and throws are won by the athlete that achieves the highest or furthest measurement from a series of attempts . The simplicity of the competitions , and the lack of a need for expensive equipment , makes athletics one of the most common types of sports in the world . Athletics is mostly an individual sport , with the exception of relay races and competitions which combine athletes ' performances for a team score , such as cross country . Organized athletics are traced back to the Ancient Olympic Games from 776 BC . The rules and format of the modern events in athletics were defined in Western Europe and North America in the 19th and early 20th century , and were then spread to other parts of the world . Most modern top level meetings are held under the auspices of World Athletics , the global governing body for the sport of athletics , or its member continental and national federations . The athletics meeting forms the backbone of the Summer Olympics . The foremost international athletics meeting is the World Athletics Championships , which incorporates track and field , marathon running and race walking . Other top level competitions in athletics include the World Athletics Cross Country Championships and the World Half Marathon Championships . Athletes with a physical disability compete at the Summer Paralympics and the World Para Athletics Championships ."}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'Democratic Republic of the Congo at theOlympicsFlag of the Democratic Republic of the CongoIOC codeCODNOCComité Olympique CongolaisMedals Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 Summer appearances19681972–19801984198819921996200020042008201220162020 This is a list of flag bearers who have represented the Democratic Republic of the Congo at the Olympics . [ 1 ] Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games .', 'uid': 'List_of_flag_bearers_for_DR_Congo_at_the_Olympics_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of flag bearers who have represented the Democratic Republic of the Congo at the Olympics. Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games.'}
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How many athletes competed in the Olympics in which Franka Magali was flag bearer for the Democratic Republic of the Congo ?
10,942
04ce82366a754b30
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Rhule', 'title': 'Matt Rhule', 'header': ['Draft Year', 'Player Name', 'Position', 'Round', 'Pick', 'Team'], 'data': [{'value': '2015', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2015_NFL_Draft', 'summary': "The 2015 NFL Draft was the 80th annual meeting of National Football League ( NFL ) franchises to select newly eligible football players . It took place in Chicago at the Auditorium Theatre and in Grant Park , from April 30 to May 2 . The previous fifty NFL drafts ( since 1965 ) had been held in New York City . The 2015 NFL draft was the first to feature an outdoor component , where fans would be able to see the Commissioner on the Auditorium Theatre stage from across the street in the park ; this area was called Draft Town . The Tampa Bay Buccaneers held the right to select first because they had the league 's worst record in the previous season . The Arizona Cardinals made the final pick in the draft , commonly called Mr . Irrelevant . One of the major storylines approaching the NFL draft was the competition between the previous two Heisman Trophy winners , Jameis Winston winning the award in 2013 and Marcus Mariota in 2014 . Both were considered excellent prospects and had the potential to become the first overall draft selection . Winston was considered to be a more polished pocket passer and pro-style quarterback , but had several off-the-field issues while playing at Florida State , ranging from a sexual assault allegation to shoplifting incidents . Mariota was considered a better athlete , the fastest quarterback in the draft , and had a better off-the-field reputation . However , Mariota ran a spread offense at Oregon which typically had not transitioned well from college to the NFL ."}]}, {'value': 'Kenneth Harper', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'RB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Running_Back', 'summary': "A running back ( RB ) is a member of the offensive backfield in gridiron football . The primary roles of a running back are to receive handoffs from the quarterback to rush the ball , and block . There are usually one or two running backs on the field for a given play , depending on the offensive formation . A running back may be a halfback ( in certain contexts also referred to as a tailback ) , a wingback or a fullback . A running back will sometimes be called a feature back if he is the team 's starting running back ."}]}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Undrafted ( signed with New York Giants )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_Giants', 'summary': "The New York Giants are a professional American football team based in the New York metropolitan area . They compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the league 's National Football Conference ( NFC ) East division . The team plays its home games at MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford , New Jersey , which it shares with the New York Jets . The Giants hold their summer training camp at the Quest Diagnostics Training Center at the Meadowlands Sports Complex . The Giants were one of five teams that joined the NFL in 1925 , and are the only one of that group still existing , as well as the league 's longest-established team in the Northeastern United States . The team ranks third among all NFL franchises with eight NFL championship titles : four in the pre-Super Bowl era ( 1927 , 1934 , 1938 , 1956 ) and four since the advent of the Super Bowl ( XXI ( 1986 ) , XXV ( 1990 ) , XLII ( 2007 ) , and XLVI ( 2011 ) ) , along with more championship appearances than any other team , with 19 overall appearances . Their championship tally is surpassed only by the Green Bay Packers ( 13 ) and the Chicago Bears ( 9 ) . Throughout their history , the Giants have featured 29 Hall of Fame players , including NFL Most Valuable Player ( MVP ) award winners Mel Hein , Frank Gifford , Y . A. Tittle , and Lawrence Taylor . To distinguish themselves from the professional baseball team of the same name , the football team was incorporated as the New York National League Football Company , Inc. in 1929 and changed to New York Football Giants , Inc. in 1937 . While the baseball team moved to San Francisco after the 1957 season , the football team continues to use New York Football Giants , Inc. as its legal corporate name , and is often referred to by fans and sportscasters as the New York Football Giants . The team has also acquired several nicknames , including Big Blue , the G-Men , and the Jints , an intentionally mangled contraction seen frequently in the New York Post and New York Daily News , originating from the baseball team when they were based in New York ."}]}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_NFL_Draft', 'summary': 'The 2016 NFL Draft was the 81st annual meeting of National Football League ( NFL ) franchises to select newly eligible American football players . As in 2015 , the draft took place in Chicago , Illinois at the Auditorium Theatre and Grant Park . The draft began on Thursday , April 28 with the first round , and ended on Saturday , April 30 . The Tennessee Titans , the team with the fewest wins in the NFL for the 2015 season , traded the right to the top pick in the draft to the Los Angeles Rams , the first time the top pick was traded before the draft since 2001 when the San Diego Chargers traded their first pick to the Atlanta Falcons . Ohio State became the second school to have three players drafted in the top ten and to have five players drafted in the first round .'}]}, {'value': 'Tavon Young', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tavon_Young', 'summary': 'Tavon Antonio Young ( born March 14 , 1994 ) is an American football cornerback for the Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football at Temple .'}]}, {'value': 'CB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cornerback', 'summary': "A cornerback ( CB ) is a member of the defensive backfield or secondary in gridiron football . Cornerbacks cover receivers most of the time , but also blitz and defend against such offensive running plays as sweeps and reverses . They create turnovers through hard tackles , interceptions , and deflecting forward passes . Other members of the defensive backfield include strong and free safeties . The cornerback position requires speed , agility , and strength . A cornerback 's skill set typically requires proficiency in anticipating the quarterback , backpedaling , executing single and zone coverage , disrupting pass routes , block shedding , and tackling . Cornerbacks are among the fastest players on the field ."}]}, {'value': '4th', 'urls': []}, {'value': '104th overall', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Baltimore Ravens', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baltimore_Ravens', 'summary': "The Baltimore Ravens are a professional American football team based in Baltimore , Maryland . They compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the American Football Conference ( AFC ) North division . The team plays its home games at M & T Bank Stadium and is headquartered in Owings Mills . The Ravens were established in 1996 , after Art Modell , who was then the owner of the Cleveland Browns , announced plans to relocate the franchise from Cleveland to Baltimore in 1995 . As part of a settlement between the league and the city of Cleveland , Modell was required to leave the Browns ' history and records in Cleveland for a replacement team and replacement personnel that would take control in 1999 . In return , he was allowed to take his own personnel and team to Baltimore , where such personnel would then form an expansion team . The Ravens have been one of the more successful franchises since their inception , having qualified for the NFL playoffs 12 times since 2000 , with two Super Bowl championship titles ( Super Bowl XXXV and Super Bowl XLVII ) , two AFC Championship titles ( 2000 and 2012 ) , 15 playoff victories , four AFC Championship game appearances ( 2000 , 2008 , 2011 and 2012 ) , six AFC North division titles ( 2003 , 2006 , 2011 , 2012 , 2018 , and 2019 ) , and are currently the only team in the NFL to hold a perfect record in multiple Super Bowl appearances . The Ravens organization was led by general manager Ozzie Newsome from 1996 until his retirement following the 2018 season , and has had three head coaches : Ted Marchibroda , Brian Billick , and since 2008 , John Harbaugh . Starting with a record-breaking defensive performance in their 2000 season , the Ravens have established a reputation for strong defensive play throughout team history , featuring Hall of Fame players like middle linebacker Ray Lewis and safety Ed Reed as well as Pro Bowl players like defensive end Terrell Suggs and defensive tackle Haloti Ngata . The team is owned by Steve Bisciotti and valued at $ 2.59 billion , making the Ravens the 29th-most valuable sports franchise in the world ."}]}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_NFL_Draft', 'summary': 'The 2016 NFL Draft was the 81st annual meeting of National Football League ( NFL ) franchises to select newly eligible American football players . As in 2015 , the draft took place in Chicago , Illinois at the Auditorium Theatre and Grant Park . The draft began on Thursday , April 28 with the first round , and ended on Saturday , April 30 . The Tennessee Titans , the team with the fewest wins in the NFL for the 2015 season , traded the right to the top pick in the draft to the Los Angeles Rams , the first time the top pick was traded before the draft since 2001 when the San Diego Chargers traded their first pick to the Atlanta Falcons . Ohio State became the second school to have three players drafted in the top ten and to have five players drafted in the first round .'}]}, {'value': 'Matt Ioannidis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Matt_Ioannidis', 'summary': 'Matthew Ioannidis ( /ˌaɪəˈnaɪdɪs/ Eye-Uh-Nye-dis ; born January 11 , 1994 ) is an American football defensive tackle for the Washington Redskins of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football at Temple and was drafted by the Redskins in the fifth round of the 2016 NFL Draft .'}]}, {'value': 'DE', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Defensive_end', 'summary': 'Defensive End ( DE ) is a defensive position in the sport of gridiron football . This position has designated the players at each end of the defensive line , but changes in formations over the years have substantially changed how the position is played .'}]}, {'value': '5th', 'urls': []}, {'value': '152nd overall', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Washington Redskins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Washington_Redskins', 'summary': 'The Washington Redskins are a professional American football team based in the Washington metropolitan area . They compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member of the National Football Conference ( NFC ) East division . The team plays its home games at FedExField in Landover , Maryland ; its headquarters and training facility are at Inova Sports Performance Center at Redskins Park in Ashburn , Virginia and the Redskins Complex in Richmond , Virginia , respectively . The Redskins have played more than one thousand games since their founding 88 years ago in 1932 , and are one of only five franchises in the NFL to record over six hundred regular season and postseason wins , reaching that mark in 2015 . The Redskins have won five NFL Championships ( the latter three in Super Bowls ) , and have captured fourteen divisional titles and six conference championships . The Redskins were the first NFL franchise with an official marching band , the Redskins Band , and the first with a fight song , Hail to the Redskins . The team began play in Boston as the Braves in 1932 , and became the Redskins the following year . In 1937 , the team relocated to Washington , D.C. , where they have been based since . The Redskins won the 1937 and 1942 NFL championship games , as well as Super Bowls XVII , XXII , and XXVI . They have been league runner-up six times , losing the 1936 , 1940 , 1943 , and 1945 title games , and Super Bowls VII and XVIII . With 24 postseason appearances , the Redskins have an overall postseason record of 23-18 . Their three Super Bowl wins are tied with the Oakland Raiders and Denver Broncos , behind the Pittsburgh Steelers and New England Patriots ( six each ) , San Francisco 49ers and Dallas Cowboys ( five each ) , and the Green Bay Packers and New York Giants ( four each ) .'}]}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_NFL_Draft', 'summary': 'The 2016 NFL Draft was the 81st annual meeting of National Football League ( NFL ) franchises to select newly eligible American football players . As in 2015 , the draft took place in Chicago , Illinois at the Auditorium Theatre and Grant Park . The draft began on Thursday , April 28 with the first round , and ended on Saturday , April 30 . The Tennessee Titans , the team with the fewest wins in the NFL for the 2015 season , traded the right to the top pick in the draft to the Los Angeles Rams , the first time the top pick was traded before the draft since 2001 when the San Diego Chargers traded their first pick to the Atlanta Falcons . Ohio State became the second school to have three players drafted in the top ten and to have five players drafted in the first round .'}]}, {'value': 'Tyler Matakevich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tyler_Matakevich', 'summary': 'Tyler John Matakevich ( born December 22 , 1992 ) is an American football linebacker for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football at Temple University . He was drafted by the Steelers in the seventh round ( 246th overall ) in the 2016 NFL Draft .'}]}, {'value': 'LB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linebacker', 'summary': "A linebacker ( LB or backer ) is a playing position in gridiron football . Linebackers are members of the defensive team , and line up approximately three to five yards ( 4 m ) behind the line of scrimmage , behind the defensive linemen , and therefore back up the line . Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two-point stance ( as opposed to the defensive linemen , who put one or two hands on the ground for a three-point stance or four-point stance before the ball is snapped ) . The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run defense or extra pass defense based on the particular defensive play being executed . Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing . A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap . When a blitz is called by the defense , it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense 's quarterback . Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense , due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass defense , when required . Similar to the free safety position , linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap , to determine their role during that particular play ."}]}, {'value': '7th', 'urls': []}, {'value': '246th overall', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pittsburgh Steelers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pittsburgh_Steelers', 'summary': "The Pittsburgh Steelers are a professional American football team based in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . They compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the American Football Conference ( AFC ) North division . Founded in 1933 , the Steelers are the seventh-oldest franchise in the NFL , and they are the oldest franchise in the AFC . In contrast with their status as perennial also-rans in the pre-merger NFL , where they were the oldest team never to have won a league championship , the Steelers of the post-merger ( modern ) era are among the most successful NFL franchises . The team is tied with the New England Patriots for the most Super Bowl titles at six , and they have both played in ( 16 times ) and hosted ( 11 times ) more conference championship games than any other team in the NFL . The Steelers have also won eight AFC championships , tied with the Denver Broncos , but behind the Patriots ' record 11 AFC championships . The team is tied with the Broncos and Dallas Cowboys for the second-most Super Bowl appearances with eight . They lost their most recent championship appearance , Super Bowl XLV , on February 6 , 2011 . The Steelers , whose history may be traced to a regional pro team that was established in the early 1920s , joined the NFL as the Pittsburgh Pirates on July 8 , 1933 . The team was owned by Art Rooney and took its original name from the baseball team of the same name , as was common practice for NFL teams at the time . To distinguish them from the baseball team , local media took to calling the football team the Rooneymen , an unofficial nickname that persisted for decades after the team had adopted its current nickname . The ownership of the Steelers has remained within the Rooney family since the organization 's founding ."}]}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_NFL_Draft', 'summary': 'The 2016 NFL Draft was the 81st annual meeting of National Football League ( NFL ) franchises to select newly eligible American football players . As in 2015 , the draft took place in Chicago , Illinois at the Auditorium Theatre and Grant Park . The draft began on Thursday , April 28 with the first round , and ended on Saturday , April 30 . The Tennessee Titans , the team with the fewest wins in the NFL for the 2015 season , traded the right to the top pick in the draft to the Los Angeles Rams , the first time the top pick was traded before the draft since 2001 when the San Diego Chargers traded their first pick to the Atlanta Falcons . Ohio State became the second school to have three players drafted in the top ten and to have five players drafted in the first round .'}]}, {'value': 'Robby Anderson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robby_Anderson', 'summary': 'Robert Steven Anderson ( born May 9 , 1993 ) is an American football wide receiver for the New York Jets of the National Football League . He played college football at Temple . Anderson was signed by the Jets as an undrafted free agent in 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'WR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wide_Receiver', 'summary': 'A wide receiver , also referred to as wideouts or simply receivers , is an offensive position in gridiron football , and is a key player . They get their name because they are split out wide ( near the sidelines ) , farthest away from the rest of the team . Wide receivers are among the fastest players on the field . The wide receiver functions as the pass-catching specialist .'}]}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Undrafted ( signed with New York Jets )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_Jets', 'summary': "The New York Jets are a professional American football team based in the New York metropolitan area . They compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the league 's American Football Conference ( AFC ) East division . The team is headquartered in Florham Park , New Jersey . In a unique arrangement for the league , the Jets share MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford , New Jersey with the New York Giants . The franchise is legally and corporately registered as New York Jets , LLC . The team was founded in 1959 as the Titans of New York , an original member of the American Football League ( AFL ) ; later , the franchise joined the NFL in the AFL-NFL merger in 1970 . The team began play in 1960 at the Polo Grounds . Under new ownership , the current name was adopted in 1963 and the franchise moved to Shea Stadium in 1964 and then to the Meadowlands Sports Complex in 1984 . The Jets advanced to the playoffs for the first time in 1968 and went on to compete in Super Bowl III where they defeated the Baltimore Colts , becoming the first AFL team to defeat an NFL club in an AFL-NFL World Championship Game . Since 1968 , the Jets have appeared in the playoffs 13 times , and in the AFC Championship Game four times , most recently losing to the Pittsburgh Steelers in 2010 . However , the Jets have never returned to the Super Bowl , making them one of three NFL teams to win their lone Super Bowl appearance , along with the New Orleans Saints and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers . Apart from the Cleveland Browns and the Detroit Lions , who have never reached the Super Bowl ( although both won NFL championships prior to 1966 ) , the Jets ' drought is the longest among current NFL franchises ."}]}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_NFL_Draft', 'summary': 'The 2016 NFL Draft was the 81st annual meeting of National Football League ( NFL ) franchises to select newly eligible American football players . As in 2015 , the draft took place in Chicago , Illinois at the Auditorium Theatre and Grant Park . The draft began on Thursday , April 28 with the first round , and ended on Saturday , April 30 . The Tennessee Titans , the team with the fewest wins in the NFL for the 2015 season , traded the right to the top pick in the draft to the Los Angeles Rams , the first time the top pick was traded before the draft since 2001 when the San Diego Chargers traded their first pick to the Atlanta Falcons . Ohio State became the second school to have three players drafted in the top ten and to have five players drafted in the first round .'}]}, {'value': 'Kyle Friend', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kyle_Friend', 'summary': 'Kyle Allen Friend ( born April 3 , 1994 ) is an American football center who is currently a free agent . He played college football at Temple and signed with the New York Jets as an undrafted free agent in 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Center_(gridiron_football)', 'summary': "Center ( C ) is a position in gridiron football . The center is the innermost lineman of the offensive line on a football team 's offense . The center is also the player who passes ( or snaps ) the ball between his legs to the quarterback at the start of each play . In recent years , the importance of centers for a football team has increased , due to the re-emergence of 3-4 defenses . According to Baltimore Ravens general manager Ozzie Newsome , you need to have somebody who can neutralize that nose tackle . If you do n't , everything can get screwed up . Your running game wo n't be effective and you 'll also have somebody in your quarterback 's face on every play ."}]}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Undrafted ( signed with New York Jets )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_Jets', 'summary': "The New York Jets are a professional American football team based in the New York metropolitan area . They compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the league 's American Football Conference ( AFC ) East division . The team is headquartered in Florham Park , New Jersey . In a unique arrangement for the league , the Jets share MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford , New Jersey with the New York Giants . The franchise is legally and corporately registered as New York Jets , LLC . The team was founded in 1959 as the Titans of New York , an original member of the American Football League ( AFL ) ; later , the franchise joined the NFL in the AFL-NFL merger in 1970 . The team began play in 1960 at the Polo Grounds . Under new ownership , the current name was adopted in 1963 and the franchise moved to Shea Stadium in 1964 and then to the Meadowlands Sports Complex in 1984 . The Jets advanced to the playoffs for the first time in 1968 and went on to compete in Super Bowl III where they defeated the Baltimore Colts , becoming the first AFL team to defeat an NFL club in an AFL-NFL World Championship Game . Since 1968 , the Jets have appeared in the playoffs 13 times , and in the AFC Championship Game four times , most recently losing to the Pittsburgh Steelers in 2010 . However , the Jets have never returned to the Super Bowl , making them one of three NFL teams to win their lone Super Bowl appearance , along with the New Orleans Saints and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers . Apart from the Cleveland Browns and the Detroit Lions , who have never reached the Super Bowl ( although both won NFL championships prior to 1966 ) , the Jets ' drought is the longest among current NFL franchises ."}]}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_NFL_Draft', 'summary': 'The 2016 NFL Draft was the 81st annual meeting of National Football League ( NFL ) franchises to select newly eligible American football players . As in 2015 , the draft took place in Chicago , Illinois at the Auditorium Theatre and Grant Park . The draft began on Thursday , April 28 with the first round , and ended on Saturday , April 30 . The Tennessee Titans , the team with the fewest wins in the NFL for the 2015 season , traded the right to the top pick in the draft to the Los Angeles Rams , the first time the top pick was traded before the draft since 2001 when the San Diego Chargers traded their first pick to the Atlanta Falcons . Ohio State became the second school to have three players drafted in the top ten and to have five players drafted in the first round .'}]}, {'value': 'Shahbaz Ahmed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'OG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Offensive_guard', 'summary': "In gridiron football , a guard ( G ) is a player who lines up between the center and the tackles on the offensive line of a football team on the line of scrimmage used primarily for blocking . Right guards ( RG ) is the term for the guards on the right of the offensive line , while left guards ( LG ) are on the left side . Guards are to the right or left of the center . The guard 's job is to protect the quarterback from the incoming linemen during pass plays , as well as creating openings ( holes ) for the running backs to head through . Guards are automatically considered ineligible receivers , so they can not intentionally touch a forward pass , unless it is to recover a fumble or is first touched by a defender or eligible receiver ."}]}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Undrafted ( signed with Atlanta Falcons )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Atlanta_Falcons', 'summary': "The Atlanta Falcons are a professional American football team based in Atlanta , Georgia . The Falcons compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the league 's National Football Conference ( NFC ) South division . The Falcons joined the NFL in 1965 as an expansion team , after the NFL offered then-owner Rankin Smith a franchise to keep him from joining the rival American Football League ( AFL ) . In their 53 years of existence ( through 2018 ) , the Falcons have compiled a record of 368-466-6 ( 358-452-6 in the regular season and 10-14 in the playoffs ) , winning division championships in 1980 , 1998 , 2004 , 2010 , 2012 , and 2016 . The Falcons have appeared in two Super Bowls , the first during the 1998 season in Super Bowl XXXIII , where they lost to the Denver Broncos 34-19 , and the second was 18 years later , a 34-28 overtime loss to the New England Patriots in Super Bowl LI . The Falcons ' current home field is Mercedes-Benz Stadium , which opened for the 2017 season ; the team 's headquarters and practice facilities are located at a fifty-acre ( 20 ha ) site in Flowery Branch , northeast of Atlanta in Hall County ."}]}, {'value': '2016', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2016_NFL_Draft', 'summary': 'The 2016 NFL Draft was the 81st annual meeting of National Football League ( NFL ) franchises to select newly eligible American football players . As in 2015 , the draft took place in Chicago , Illinois at the Auditorium Theatre and Grant Park . The draft began on Thursday , April 28 with the first round , and ended on Saturday , April 30 . The Tennessee Titans , the team with the fewest wins in the NFL for the 2015 season , traded the right to the top pick in the draft to the Los Angeles Rams , the first time the top pick was traded before the draft since 2001 when the San Diego Chargers traded their first pick to the Atlanta Falcons . Ohio State became the second school to have three players drafted in the top ten and to have five players drafted in the first round .'}]}, {'value': 'Brandon Shippen', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'WR', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wide_receiver', 'summary': 'A wide receiver , also referred to as wideouts or simply receivers , is an offensive position in gridiron football , and is a key player . They get their name because they are split out wide ( near the sidelines ) , farthest away from the rest of the team . Wide receivers are among the fastest players on the field . The wide receiver functions as the pass-catching specialist .'}]}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Undrafted ( signed with Miami Dolphins )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miami_Dolphins', 'summary': "The Miami Dolphins are a professional American football team based in the Miami metropolitan area . The Dolphins compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the league 's American Football Conference ( AFC ) East division . The Dolphins play their home games at Hard Rock Stadium , located in the northern suburb of Miami Gardens , Florida . The Dolphins are the oldest professional sports team in Florida . Of the four AFC East teams , they are the only team in the division that was not a charter member of the American Football League ( AFL ) . The Dolphins were founded by attorney-politician Joe Robbie and actor-comedian Danny Thomas . They began play in the AFL in 1966 . The region had not had a professional football team since the days of the Miami Seahawks , who played in the All-America Football Conference in 1946 , before becoming the first incarnation of the Baltimore Colts . For the first few years , the Dolphins ' full-time training camp and practice facilities were at Saint Andrew 's School , a private boys boarding prep school in Boca Raton . In the 1970 AFL-NFL merger , the Dolphins joined the NFL . The team made its first Super Bowl appearance in Super Bowl VI , losing to the Dallas Cowboys , 24-3 . The following year , the Dolphins completed the NFL 's only perfect season , culminating in a Super Bowl win , winning all 14 of their regular season games , and all three of their playoff games , including Super Bowl VII ."}]}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2017_NFL_Draft', 'summary': 'The 2017 NFL Draft was the 82nd annual meeting of National Football League ( NFL ) franchises to select newly eligible American football players . It was held in front of the Philadelphia Museum of Art on April 27-29 , returning to Philadelphia for the first time since 1961 . The player selections were announced from an outdoor theater built on the Rocky Steps , marking the first time an entire NFL draft was held outdoors . The NFL announced that the draft was the most attended in history , with more than 250,000 people present . Starting with this draft , compensatory picks could be traded . The record for most trades made during an NFL Draft was set at 37 , surpassing the 34 trades in the 2008 NFL Draft . The number of trades was surpassed in 2019 , when 40 were conducted .'}]}, {'value': 'Haason Reddick', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Haason_Reddick', 'summary': 'Haason Samir Reddick ( born September 22 , 1994 ) is an American football linebacker for the Arizona Cardinals of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football at Temple , and was drafted by the Cardinals in the first round of the 2017 NFL Draft .'}]}, {'value': 'LB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linebacker', 'summary': "A linebacker ( LB or backer ) is a playing position in gridiron football . Linebackers are members of the defensive team , and line up approximately three to five yards ( 4 m ) behind the line of scrimmage , behind the defensive linemen , and therefore back up the line . Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two-point stance ( as opposed to the defensive linemen , who put one or two hands on the ground for a three-point stance or four-point stance before the ball is snapped ) . The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run defense or extra pass defense based on the particular defensive play being executed . Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing . A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap . When a blitz is called by the defense , it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense 's quarterback . Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense , due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass defense , when required . Similar to the free safety position , linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap , to determine their role during that particular play ."}]}, {'value': '1st', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13th overall', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arizona Cardinals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona_Cardinals', 'summary': "The Arizona Cardinals are a professional American football franchise based in Phoenix , Arizona . They compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the National Football Conference ( NFC ) West division . The Cardinals were founded as the Morgan Athletic Club in 1898 , and are the oldest continuously run professional football team in the United States . The Cardinals play their home games at State Farm Stadium , which opened in 2006 and is located in the northwestern suburb of Glendale . The team was established in Chicago in 1898 as an amateur football team and joined the NFL as a charter member on September 17 , 1920 . Along with the Chicago Bears , the club is one of two NFL charter member franchises still in operation since the league 's founding ( the Green Bay Packers were an independent team until they joined the NFL a year after its creation in 1921 ) . The club then moved to St. Louis in 1960 and played in that city through 1987 ( sometimes referred to as the Football Cardinals or the Big Red to avoid confusion with the St. Louis Cardinals of Major League Baseball ) . Before the 1988 season , the team moved west to Tempe , Arizona , a college suburb east of Phoenix , and played their home games for the next 18 seasons at Sun Devil Stadium on the campus of Arizona State University . In 2006 , the club moved to their current home field in Glendale , although the team 's executive offices and training facility remain in Tempe . The franchise has won two NFL championships , both while it was based in Chicago . The first occurred in 1925 , but is the subject of controversy , with supporters of the Pottsville Maroons believing that Pottsville should have won the title . Their second title , and the first to be won in a championship game , came in 1947 , nearly two decades before the first Super Bowl ."}]}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2017_NFL_Draft', 'summary': 'The 2017 NFL Draft was the 82nd annual meeting of National Football League ( NFL ) franchises to select newly eligible American football players . It was held in front of the Philadelphia Museum of Art on April 27-29 , returning to Philadelphia for the first time since 1961 . The player selections were announced from an outdoor theater built on the Rocky Steps , marking the first time an entire NFL draft was held outdoors . The NFL announced that the draft was the most attended in history , with more than 250,000 people present . Starting with this draft , compensatory picks could be traded . The record for most trades made during an NFL Draft was set at 37 , surpassing the 34 trades in the 2008 NFL Draft . The number of trades was surpassed in 2019 , when 40 were conducted .'}]}, {'value': 'Dion Dawkins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dion_Dawkins', 'summary': 'Dion Dawkins ( born April 26 , 1994 ) is an American football offensive tackle for the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football at Temple .'}]}, {'value': 'G', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Offensive_lineman', 'summary': 'In gridiron football , a lineman is a player who specializes in play at the line of scrimmage . The linemen of the team currently in possession of the ball are the offensive line , while linemen on the opposing team are the defensive line . A number of NFL rules specifically address restrictions and requirements for the offensive line , whose job is to help protect the quarterback from getting sacked for a loss , or worse , fumbling . The defensive line is covered by the same rules that apply to all defensive players . Linemen are usually the largest players on the field in both height and weight , since their positions usually require less running and more strength than skill positions .'}]}, {'value': '2nd', 'urls': []}, {'value': '63rd overall', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Buffalo Bills', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Buffalo_Bills', 'summary': "The Buffalo Bills are a professional American football team based in the Buffalo-Niagara Falls metropolitan area . The Bills compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) , as a member club of the league 's American Football Conference ( AFC ) East division . The team plays their home games at New Era Field in Orchard Park , New York . The Bills are the only NFL team that plays its home games in the state of New York . The Bills conduct summer training camp at St. John Fisher College in Pittsford , New York , an eastern suburb of Rochester . The Bills began play as an original franchise of the American Football League ( AFL ) in 1960 . The club joined the NFL as a result of the AFL-NFL merger for the 1970 season . The 1964 and 1965 Bills were the only teams representing Buffalo that won major league professional sports championships ( back-to-back American Football League Championships ) . The Bills are the only team to win four consecutive conference championships and are the only NFL team to lose four consecutive Super Bowl games . The team was owned by Ralph Wilson from the team 's founding in 1960 , until his death in 2014 at the age of 95 . After his death , Wilson 's estate reached an agreement to sell the team to Terry and Kim Pegula , which was approved by the other NFL team owners on October 8 , 2014 . The Bills formerly possessed the longest active playoff drought in any of the four major professional sports in North America : they did not qualify to play in the NFL playoffs from 1999 until 2017 and were the last NFL team ( and last team in the major North American professional sports leagues overall ) to qualify for the playoffs for the first time in the 21st century ."}]}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2017_NFL_Draft', 'summary': 'The 2017 NFL Draft was the 82nd annual meeting of National Football League ( NFL ) franchises to select newly eligible American football players . It was held in front of the Philadelphia Museum of Art on April 27-29 , returning to Philadelphia for the first time since 1961 . The player selections were announced from an outdoor theater built on the Rocky Steps , marking the first time an entire NFL draft was held outdoors . The NFL announced that the draft was the most attended in history , with more than 250,000 people present . Starting with this draft , compensatory picks could be traded . The record for most trades made during an NFL Draft was set at 37 , surpassing the 34 trades in the 2008 NFL Draft . The number of trades was surpassed in 2019 , when 40 were conducted .'}]}, {'value': 'Nate Hairston', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nate_Hairston', 'summary': 'Nate Hairston ( born June 30 , 1994 ) is an American football cornerback for the New York Jets of the National Football League ( NFL ) . He played college football at Temple , and was drafted by the Indianapolis Colts in the fifth round of the 2017 NFL Draft . Prior to the 2019 NFL season , Hairston was traded to the Jets for a 6th round draft pick .'}]}, {'value': 'CB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cornerback', 'summary': "A cornerback ( CB ) is a member of the defensive backfield or secondary in gridiron football . Cornerbacks cover receivers most of the time , but also blitz and defend against such offensive running plays as sweeps and reverses . They create turnovers through hard tackles , interceptions , and deflecting forward passes . Other members of the defensive backfield include strong and free safeties . The cornerback position requires speed , agility , and strength . A cornerback 's skill set typically requires proficiency in anticipating the quarterback , backpedaling , executing single and zone coverage , disrupting pass routes , block shedding , and tackling . Cornerbacks are among the fastest players on the field ."}]}, {'value': '5th', 'urls': []}, {'value': '158th overall', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Indianapolis Colts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indianapolis_Colts', 'summary': "The Indianapolis Colts are an American football team based in Indianapolis , Indiana . The Colts compete in the National Football League ( NFL ) as a member club of the league 's American Football Conference ( AFC ) South division . Since the 2008 season , the Colts have played their games in Lucas Oil Stadium . Previously , the team had played for over two decades ( 1984-2007 ) at the RCA Dome . Since 1987 , the Colts have been the host team for the NFL Scouting Combine . The Colts have been a member club of the NFL since their founding in Baltimore in 1953 . They were one of three NFL teams to join those of the American Football League ( AFL ) to form the AFC following the 1970 merger . While in Baltimore , the team advanced to the playoffs 10 times and won three NFL Championship games in 1958 , 1959 , and 1968 . The Colts played in two Super Bowls while they were based in Baltimore , losing to the New York Jets in Super Bowl III and defeating the Dallas Cowboys in Super Bowl V. The Colts relocated to Indianapolis in 1984 and have since appeared in the playoffs 16 times , won two conference championships , and won one Super Bowl , in which they defeated the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XLI ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Coaching career -- NFL players coached', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Matt_Rhule_0', 'intro': 'Matthew Kenneth Rhule (born January 31, 1975) is an American football coach and former player who is the head coach of the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League (NFL). He was formerly the head coach at Baylor University and Temple University.'}
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Who is the player that Rhule coached at Baylor , that went to the team based in Phoenix ?
Haason Reddick
04cedd8764c75e87
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrier_Air_Wing_One', 'title': 'Carrier Air Wing One', 'header': ['Code', 'Squadron', 'Nickname', 'Assigned Aircraft'], 'data': [{'value': 'VFA-11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Strike Fighter Squadron 11', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/VFA-11', 'summary': 'Strike Fighter Squadron 11 ( VFA-11 ) is a United States Navy strike fighter squadron stationed at Naval Air Station Oceana , Virginia , United States . The squadron was established in 1950 and is nicknamed Red Rippers ( call sign Ripper ) . VFA-11 is equipped with the Boeing F/A-18F Super Hornet and currently assigned to Carrier Air Wing One .'}]}, {'value': 'Red Rippers', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'F/A-18F Super Hornet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/F/A-18E/F_Super_Hornet', 'summary': 'The Boeing F/A-18E and F/A-18F Super Hornet are twin-engine , carrier-capable , multirole fighter aircraft variants based on the McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet . The F/A-18E single-seat and F/A-18F tandem-seat variants are larger and more advanced derivatives of the F/A-18C and D Hornet . The Super Hornet has an internal 20 mm M61 rotary cannon and can carry air-to-air missiles and air-to-surface weapons . Additional fuel can be carried in up to five external fuel tanks and the aircraft can be configured as an airborne tanker by adding an external air refueling system . Designed and initially produced by McDonnell Douglas , the Super Hornet first flew in 1995 . Low-rate production began in early 1997 with full-rate production starting in September 1997 , after the merger of McDonnell Douglas and Boeing the previous month . The Super Hornet entered service with the United States Navy in 2001 , replacing the Grumman F-14 Tomcat , which was retired in 2006 ; the Super Hornet serves alongside the original Hornet . The Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF ) , which has operated the F/A-18A as its main fighter since 1984 , ordered the F/A-18F in 2007 to replace its aging F-111C fleet . RAAF Super Hornets entered service in December 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'VFA-81', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Strike Fighter Squadron 81', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/VFA-81', 'summary': 'Strike Fighter Squadron 81 ( VFA-81 ) , also known as the Sunliners , is a United States Navy F/A-18E Super Hornet strike fighter squadron stationed at Naval Air Station Oceana . They are a part of Carrier Air Wing One , their radio callsign is Inferno , and their tail code is AB . Their mission is to conduct prompt and sustained combat operations from the sea . The squadron was originally designated VA-66 on 1 July 1955 , was redesignated VF-81 the same day , redesignated VA-81 on 1 July 1959 , and finally redesignated VFA-81 on 4 February 1988 .'}]}, {'value': 'Sunliners', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'F/A-18E Super Hornet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/F/A-18E_Super_Hornet', 'summary': 'The Boeing F/A-18E and F/A-18F Super Hornet are twin-engine , carrier-capable , multirole fighter aircraft variants based on the McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet . The F/A-18E single-seat and F/A-18F tandem-seat variants are larger and more advanced derivatives of the F/A-18C and D Hornet . The Super Hornet has an internal 20 mm M61 rotary cannon and can carry air-to-air missiles and air-to-surface weapons . Additional fuel can be carried in up to five external fuel tanks and the aircraft can be configured as an airborne tanker by adding an external air refueling system . Designed and initially produced by McDonnell Douglas , the Super Hornet first flew in 1995 . Low-rate production began in early 1997 with full-rate production starting in September 1997 , after the merger of McDonnell Douglas and Boeing the previous month . The Super Hornet entered service with the United States Navy in 2001 , replacing the Grumman F-14 Tomcat , which was retired in 2006 ; the Super Hornet serves alongside the original Hornet . The Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF ) , which has operated the F/A-18A as its main fighter since 1984 , ordered the F/A-18F in 2007 to replace its aging F-111C fleet . RAAF Super Hornets entered service in December 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'VFA-136', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Strike Fighter Squadron 136', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/VFA-136', 'summary': 'Strike Fighter Squadron 136 ( VFA-136 ) also known as the Knighthawks is a United States Navy strike fighter squadron based at Naval Air Station Lemoore , California . The Knighthawks are an operational fleet squadron flying the F/A-18E Super Hornet . They are attached to Carrier Air Wing One ( CVW-1 ) and homeported at NAS Lemoore . Their tailcode AB and their radio callsign is Gunstar .'}]}, {'value': 'Knighthawks', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'F/A-18E Super Hornet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/F/A-18E_Super_Hornet', 'summary': 'The Boeing F/A-18E and F/A-18F Super Hornet are twin-engine , carrier-capable , multirole fighter aircraft variants based on the McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet . The F/A-18E single-seat and F/A-18F tandem-seat variants are larger and more advanced derivatives of the F/A-18C and D Hornet . The Super Hornet has an internal 20 mm M61 rotary cannon and can carry air-to-air missiles and air-to-surface weapons . Additional fuel can be carried in up to five external fuel tanks and the aircraft can be configured as an airborne tanker by adding an external air refueling system . Designed and initially produced by McDonnell Douglas , the Super Hornet first flew in 1995 . Low-rate production began in early 1997 with full-rate production starting in September 1997 , after the merger of McDonnell Douglas and Boeing the previous month . The Super Hornet entered service with the United States Navy in 2001 , replacing the Grumman F-14 Tomcat , which was retired in 2006 ; the Super Hornet serves alongside the original Hornet . The Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF ) , which has operated the F/A-18A as its main fighter since 1984 , ordered the F/A-18F in 2007 to replace its aging F-111C fleet . RAAF Super Hornets entered service in December 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'VFA-211', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Strike Fighter Squadron 211', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/VFA-211', 'summary': 'Strike Fighter Squadron 211 ( VFA-211 ) , nicknamed the Fighting Checkmates , is an aviation unit of the United States Navy established in 1945 . The squadron is based at Naval Air Station Oceana and is equipped with the F/A-18F Super Hornet .'}]}, {'value': 'Fighting Checkmates', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'F/A-18F Super Hornet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/F/A-18E/F_Super_Hornet', 'summary': 'The Boeing F/A-18E and F/A-18F Super Hornet are twin-engine , carrier-capable , multirole fighter aircraft variants based on the McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet . The F/A-18E single-seat and F/A-18F tandem-seat variants are larger and more advanced derivatives of the F/A-18C and D Hornet . The Super Hornet has an internal 20 mm M61 rotary cannon and can carry air-to-air missiles and air-to-surface weapons . Additional fuel can be carried in up to five external fuel tanks and the aircraft can be configured as an airborne tanker by adding an external air refueling system . Designed and initially produced by McDonnell Douglas , the Super Hornet first flew in 1995 . Low-rate production began in early 1997 with full-rate production starting in September 1997 , after the merger of McDonnell Douglas and Boeing the previous month . The Super Hornet entered service with the United States Navy in 2001 , replacing the Grumman F-14 Tomcat , which was retired in 2006 ; the Super Hornet serves alongside the original Hornet . The Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF ) , which has operated the F/A-18A as its main fighter since 1984 , ordered the F/A-18F in 2007 to replace its aging F-111C fleet . RAAF Super Hornets entered service in December 2010 .'}]}, {'value': 'VAW-126', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carrier Airborne Early Warning Squadron 126', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/VAW-126', 'summary': 'Carrier Airborne Early Warning Squadron 126 ( VAW-126 ) , nicknamed the Seahawks , is a carrier airborne early warning squadron of the United States Navy . The squadron is based at NS Norfolk , equipped with four E-2D Hawkeye aircraft .'}]}, {'value': 'Seahawks', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E-2D Hawkeye', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/E-2_Hawkeye', 'summary': "The Northrop Grumman E-2 Hawkeye is an American all-weather , carrier-capable tactical airborne early warning ( AEW ) aircraft . This twin-turboprop aircraft was designed and developed during the late 1950s and early 1960s by the Grumman Aircraft Company for the United States Navy as a replacement for the earlier , piston-engined E-1 Tracer , which was rapidly becoming obsolete . The aircraft 's performance has been upgraded with the E-2B , and E-2C versions , where most of the changes were made to the radar and radio communications due to advances in electronic integrated circuits and other electronics . The fourth major version of the Hawkeye is the E-2D , which first flew in 2007 . The E-2 was the first aircraft designed specifically for its role , as opposed to a modification of an existing airframe , such as the Boeing E-3 Sentry . Variants of the Hawkeye have been in continuous production since 1960 , giving it the longest production run of any carrier-based aircraft . The E-2 also received the nickname Super Fudd because it replaced the WF ( later E-1 ) Willy Fudd . In recent decades , the E-2 has been commonly referred to as the Hummer because of the distinctive sounds of its turboprop engines , quite unlike that of turbojet and turbofan jet engines . In addition to U.S. Navy service , smaller numbers of E-2s have been sold to the armed forces of Egypt , France , Israel , Japan , Mexico , Singapore , and Taiwan ."}]}, {'value': 'VAQ-137', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Electronic Attack Squadron 137', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/VAQ-137', 'summary': 'Electronic Attack Squadron 137 ( VAQ-137 ) also known as the Rooks , is a United States Navy electronic attack squadron based at Naval Air Station Whidbey Island Washington , flying the Boeing EA-18G Growler . The squadron is attached to Carrier Air Wing 1 ( CVW-1 ) , which is currently assigned to USS Harry S. Truman ( CVN 75 ) . Their radio callsign is Rook and their tailcode is AB of CVW-1 . The Rooks are widely regarded as the best VAQ squadron in the United States Navy .'}]}, {'value': 'Rooks', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'EA-18G Growler', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EA-18G_Growler', 'summary': "The Boeing EA-18G Growler is an American carrier-based electronic warfare aircraft , a specialized version of the two-seat F/A-18F Super Hornet . The EA-18G replaced the Northrop Grumman EA-6B Prowlers in service with the United States Navy . The Growler 's electronic warfare capability is primarily provided by Northrop Grumman . The EA-18G began production in 2007 and entered operational service with the US Navy in late 2009 . Australia has also purchased twelve EA-18Gs , which entered service with the Royal Australian Air Force in 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'VRC-40', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fleet Logistics Support Squadron 40 Det . 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/VRC-40', 'summary': 'Fleet Logistics Support Squadron 40 ( VRC-40 ) , also known as the Rawhides , is a United States Navy fleet logistics support squadron based at NS Norfolk . Commissioned in 1960 , it is one of only two active fleet logistics squadrons in the Navy , the other being VRC-30 .'}]}, {'value': 'Rawhides', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'C-2A Greyhound', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/C-2_Greyhound', 'summary': 'The Grumman C-2 Greyhound is a twin-engine , high-wing cargo aircraft , designed to carry supplies , mail , and passengers to and from aircraft carriers of the United States Navy . Its primary mission is carrier onboard delivery ( COD ) . The aircraft provides critical logistics support to carrier strike groups . The aircraft is mainly used to transport high-priority cargo , mail , and passengers between carriers and shore bases , and can also deliver cargo like jet engines and special stores . Prototype C-2s first flew in 1964 , and production followed the next year . The initial Greyhound aircraft were overhauled in 1973 . In 1984 , more C-2As were ordered under designation Reprocured C-2A or C-2A ( R ) . In 2010 all C-2A ( R ) aircraft received updated propellers ( from four to eight blades ) and navigational updates ( glass cockpit ) .'}]}, {'value': 'HSC-11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Helicopter Sea Combat Squadron 11', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Helicopter_Sea_Combat_Squadron_11_(United_States_Navy)', 'summary': 'Helicopter Sea Combat Squadron 11 ( HSC-11 ) , also known as the Dragonslayers , is a United States Navy helicopter squadron based at Naval Air Station Norfolk as part of Carrier Air Wing 1 operating MH-60S helicopters deployed aboard aircraft carriers . The squadron was established on 27 June 1957 at Naval Air Station Quonset Point as Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron 11 ( HS-11 ) with Sikorsky HSS-1 Seabat helicopters . In 2016 , HS-11 transitioned to MH-60S and re-designated as HSC-11 .'}]}, {'value': 'Dragon Slayers', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MH-60S Seahawk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SH-60_Seahawk', 'summary': 'The Sikorsky SH-60/MH-60 Seahawk ( or Sea Hawk ) is a twin turboshaft engine , multi-mission United States Navy helicopter based on the United States Army UH-60 Black Hawk and a member of the Sikorsky S-70 family . The most significant modifications are the folding main rotor and a hinged tail to reduce its footprint aboard ships . The U.S. Navy uses the H-60 airframe under the model designations SH-60B , SH-60F , HH-60H , MH-60R , and MH-60S . Able to deploy aboard any air-capable frigate , destroyer , cruiser , fast combat support ship , amphibious assault ship , or aircraft carrier , the Seahawk can handle anti-submarine warfare ( ASW ) , anti-surface warfare ( ASUW ) , naval special warfare ( NSW ) insertion , search and rescue ( SAR ) , combat search and rescue ( CSAR ) , vertical replenishment ( VERTREP ) , and medical evacuation ( MEDEVAC ) .'}]}, {'value': 'HSM-72', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Helicopter Maritime Strike Squadron 72', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/HSM-72', 'summary': 'Helicopter Maritime Strike Squadron SEVEN TWO ( HSM-72 ) was originally established as Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron Light FOUR TWO ( HSL-42 ) on October 5 , 1984 , at Naval Station Mayport . For 28 years , Proud Warriors of HSL-42 , consisting of 10 combat ready detachments , deployed in an expeditionary construct aboard United States Naval cruisers , destroyers and frigates , flying the SH-60B while supporting independent deployer , Amphibious Ready Group , and Carrier Strike Group operations around the globe . On January 15 , 2013 , HSL-42 was re-designated HSM-72 and relocated to Naval Air Station Jacksonville , reflecting the squadrons shift from the SH-60B to the MH-60R , and departure from the expeditionary construct , entering the world of Carrier Air Wing operations . In 2013 , Proud Warriors were assigned to Carrier Air Wing SEVEN ( CVW-7 ) and departed on their maiden Carrier Air Wing deployment in November 2015 , with Carrier Strike Group EIGHT ( CSG-8 ) . In November 2016 , HSM-72 transitioned to Carrier Air Wing ONE ( CVW-1 ) , remaining in CSG-8 and deployed in support of the USS HARRY S TRUMAN Carrier Strike Group tasking , executing Department of the Navys inaugural Dynamic Force Employment operations to the U.S. SECOND and SIXTH Fleet in 2018 , with a follow-on deployment in 2019 to the U.S. SIXTH and FIFTH Fleet Areas of Responsibility . In the Carrier Air Wing construct , Proud Warriors are dispersed between the Carrier Element embarked the nuclear aircraft carrier , and three Combat Elements embarked the three Strike Group escort ships . In support of Carrier Strike Group , Combined and Joint Task Forces , United Nations , and North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) operations , the MH-60R is utilized to execute the primary mission sets of surface warfare , anti-submarine warfare , electronic warfare , command and control , and non-combat operations . During an illustrious history , Proud Warriors have conducted deployed operations across the globe , from South America , to the North Atlantic and Arctic Ocean , throughout the Mediterranean and Adriatic Seas , off the Horn of Africa , and to the Arabian Sea and the Persian Gulf . Proud Warriors stand ever-ready to support global tasking , continue to uphold the highest traditions and core values of the United States Navy , and demonstrate a level of expertise and professionalism abroad and State-side , making HSM-72 the premier east coast HSM squadron .'}]}, {'value': 'Proud Warriors', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'MH-60R Seahawk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SH-60_Seahawk', 'summary': 'The Sikorsky SH-60/MH-60 Seahawk ( or Sea Hawk ) is a twin turboshaft engine , multi-mission United States Navy helicopter based on the United States Army UH-60 Black Hawk and a member of the Sikorsky S-70 family . The most significant modifications are the folding main rotor and a hinged tail to reduce its footprint aboard ships . The U.S. Navy uses the H-60 airframe under the model designations SH-60B , SH-60F , HH-60H , MH-60R , and MH-60S . Able to deploy aboard any air-capable frigate , destroyer , cruiser , fast combat support ship , amphibious assault ship , or aircraft carrier , the Seahawk can handle anti-submarine warfare ( ASW ) , anti-surface warfare ( ASUW ) , naval special warfare ( NSW ) insertion , search and rescue ( SAR ) , combat search and rescue ( CSAR ) , vertical replenishment ( VERTREP ) , and medical evacuation ( MEDEVAC ) .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Subordinate units', 'section_text': 'See also : List of United States Navy aircraft squadrons CVW-1 consists of 9 Squadrons [ 1 ]', 'uid': 'Carrier_Air_Wing_One_0', 'intro': 'Carrier Air Wing One (CVW-1) is a United States Navy aircraft carrier air wing based at Naval Air Station Oceana, Virginia, with most of its various squadrons also home based at NAS Oceana. Additional squadrons are based at Naval Station Norfolk/Chambers Field, Virginia; Marine Corps Air Station Beaufort, South Carolina; Naval Air Station Whidbey Island, Washington; and Naval Air Station Jacksonville, Florida. Carrier Air Wing One is assigned to USS Harry S. Truman (CVN-75).'}
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What kind of rotary propels the aircraft used by the team stationed at Naval Air Station Oceana ?
20 mm M61 rotary cannon
04cf5704875c679e
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaco_Province', 'title': 'Chaco Province', 'header': ['Department', 'Seat', 'Area ( km2 )', 'Population ( 2010 )', 'Population ( 2001 )', 'Density ( 2010 )'], 'data': [{'value': 'Almirante Brown', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Almirante_Brown_Department', 'summary': 'Almirante Brown Department is the westernmost department of Chaco Province in Argentina . The provincial subdivision has a population of about 28,000 inhabitants in an area of 17,276 km² , and its capital city is Pampa del Infierno , which is located around 1,265 km from the Capital federal . The department is named in honour of William Brown ( 1777 -1857 ) , the Irish born commander in chief of the Argentine Navy .'}]}, {'value': 'Pampa del Infierno', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pampa_del_Infierno', 'summary': 'Pampa del Infierno is a town in Chaco Province , Argentina . It is the head town of the Almirante Brown Department . The town was founded on December 7 , 1927 .'}]}, {'value': '17,276', 'urls': []}, {'value': '34,075', 'urls': []}, {'value': '29,086', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1.97', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bermejo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bermejo_Department,_Chaco', 'summary': 'Bermejo is the easternmost department of Chaco Province in Argentina . The provincial subdivision has a population of about 24,000 inhabitants in an area of 2,562 km² , and its capital city is La Leonesa , which is located around 100 km from the provincial capital .'}]}, {'value': 'La Leonesa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/La_Leonesa', 'summary': 'La Leonesa is a town in Chaco Province , Argentina . It is the head town of the Bermejo Department . La Leonesa forms an urban agglomeration with the town of Las Palmas called La Leonesa-Las Palmes .'}]}, {'value': '2,562', 'urls': []}, {'value': '25,052', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24,215', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9.77', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chacabuco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chacabuco_Department,_Chaco', 'summary': 'Chacabuco Department is a western department of Chaco Province in Argentina . The provincial subdivision has a population of about 28,000 inhabitants in an area of 1,378 km2 ( 532 sq mi ) , and its capital city is Charata , which is located around 1,100 km ( 680 mi ) from the Capital federal .'}]}, {'value': 'Charata', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charata', 'summary': 'Charata is a city in the province of Chaco , Argentina . It has 26497 inhabitants as per the 2010 census [ INDEC ] , and is the head town of the Chacabuco Department and the most important city in the southwest of Chaco , located 280 km from the provincial capital Resistencia .'}]}, {'value': '1,378', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30,590', 'urls': []}, {'value': '27,813', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22.19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Comandante Fernández', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Comandante_Fernández_Department', 'summary': 'Comandante Fernández Department is a central department of Chaco Province in Argentina . The provincial subdivision has a population of about 88,000 inhabitants in an area of 1,500 km² , and its capital city is Presidencia Roque Sáenz Peña , which is located around 1,120 km from the Capital federal .'}]}, {'value': 'Presidencia Roque Sáenz Peña', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Presidencia_Roque_Sáenz_Peña', 'summary': 'Presidencia Roque Sáenz Peña ( normally known as Sáenz Peña ) is a city in the province of Chaco , Argentina . It is the second largest in the province . It is located 170 kilometres ( 110 mi ) west-northwest of the provincial capital Resistencia , on the main rail and road route across northern Argentina to Salta . The city has a population of 76,377 for the urban area ( localidad ) and 88,164 for the whole municipality ( 2001 census [ INDEC ] ) . Sáenz Peña was founded in 1912 and has developed as a commercial and industrial centre serving the surrounding agricultural region of the Gran Chaco plains .'}]}, {'value': '1,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': '96,944', 'urls': []}, {'value': '88,164', 'urls': []}, {'value': '64.63', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12 de Octubre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Doce_de_Octubre_Department', 'summary': '12 de Octubre is a western department of Chaco Province in Argentina . The provincial subdivision has a population of about 20,000 inhabitants in an area of 2,576 km² , and its capital city is General Pinedo , which is located around 1,060 km from the Capital federal .'}]}, {'value': 'General Pinedo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/General_Pinedo,_Chaco', 'summary': 'General Pinedo is a town in the south of the province of Chaco , Argentina . It has about 16,000 inhabitants as per the 2001 census [ INDEC ] , and is the head town of the 12 de Octubre Department .'}]}, {'value': '2,576', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22,281', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20,149', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8.65', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2 de Abril', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dos_de_Abril_Department', 'summary': 'Dos de Abril ( April 2 ) is a south western department of Chaco Province in Argentina . The provincial subdivision has a population of about 7,500 inhabitants in an area of 1,594 km² , and its capital city is Hermoso Campo , which is located around 1,100 km from the Capital federal .'}]}, {'value': 'Hermoso Campo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hermoso_Campo', 'summary': 'Hermoso Campo is a town in Chaco Province , Argentina . It is the head town of the Dos de Abril Department .'}]}, {'value': '1,594', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7,432', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7,435', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4.66', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fray Justo Santa María del Oro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fray_Justo_Santa_María_del_Oro_Department', 'summary': 'Fray Justo Santa María del Oro is the most south western department of Chaco Province in Argentina . The provincial subdivision has a population of about 10,500 inhabitants in an area of 2,205 km² , and its capital city is Santa Sylvina , which is located around 1,000 km from the Capital federal .'}]}, {'value': 'Santa Sylvina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santa_Sylvina', 'summary': 'Santa Sylvina is a town in Chaco Province , Argentina . It is the head town of the Fray Justo Santa María del Oro Department . The town was established in 1944 .'}]}, {'value': '2,205', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11,826', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10,485', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5.36', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'General Belgrano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/General_Belgrano_Department,_Chaco', 'summary': 'General Belgrano is a central department of Chaco Province in Argentina . The provincial subdivision has a population of about 10,500 inhabitants in an area of 1,218 km² , and its capital city is Corzuela , which is located around 1,250 km from the Capital federal . The department is named in honour of General Manuel Belgrano ( June 3 , 1770 - June 20 , 1820 ) , an Argentine economist , Lawyer , Politician and military leader .'}]}, {'value': 'Corzuela', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corzuela', 'summary': 'Corzuela is a town in Chaco Province , Argentina . It is the head town of the General Belgrano Department . It was founded on April 30 , 1917 .'}]}, {'value': '1,218', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11,988', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10,470', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9.84', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'General Donovan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/General_Donovan_Department', 'summary': 'General Donovan is a department of Chaco Province in Argentina , named after General Antonio Donovan . The provincial subdivision has a population of about 13,500 inhabitants in an area of 1,487 km² , and its capital city is Makallé , which is located around 1,060 km from the Capital federal .'}]}, {'value': 'Makallé', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Makallé', 'summary': "Makallé is a town in Chaco Province , Argentina . It is the head town of the General Donovan Department . The town is named after a battle at Mek'ele during the Italian invasion of Abyssinia in the 19th century ."}]}, {'value': '1,487', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13,490', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13,385', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9.07', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'General Güemes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/General_Güemes_Department,_Chaco', 'summary': 'General Güemes is the largest and the northernmost department of Chaco Province in Argentina . The provincial subdivision has a population of about 62,000 inhabitants in an area of 25,487 km² , and its capital city is Juan José Castelli , which is located around 1,305 km from the Capital federal .'}]}, {'value': 'Juan José Castelli', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Juan_José_Castelli,_Chaco', 'summary': 'Juan José Castelli ( usually abbreviated to Castelli ) is a town in the province of Chaco , Argentina . It is located 274 km from the provincial capital Resistencia and has about 27,000 inhabitants as per the 2010 census [ INDEC ] . It is the head town of the General Güemes Department . Its population is mainly of Volga German descent . The area was originally populated by aboriginals of the Toba and Wichí tribes . Around 1910 a group of colonists from Salta , who had followed the course of the Bermejo River , established there . After the end of World War I , and especially due to the 1923 campaign encouraging the development of cotton crops in Chaco , European immigrants started to come . In 1928 Castelli was founded as an agricultural colony , 100 km north of Presidencia Roque Sáenz Peña . In June 1931 , 320 Volga German families arrived , even carrying furniture , tools and livestock . They were around 2,300 who had been settled in La Pampa and the west of Buenos Aires , but were forced to move by bad harvests and economic problems . Cotton cultivation was at the time promoted as a source of wealth . Besides the Volga German majority , immigrants from Poland , Romania , Spain , Paraguay , Hungary , Czechoslovakia , Italy , Yugoslavia and Ukraine also came .'}]}, {'value': '25,487', 'urls': []}, {'value': '67,132', 'urls': []}, {'value': '62,227', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2.63', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Independencia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Independencia_Department,_Chaco', 'summary': 'Independencia is a central department of Chaco Province in Argentina . The provincial subdivision has a population of about 20,500 inhabitants in an area of 1,871 km² , and its capital city is Campo Largo , which is located around 1,229 km from the Capital federal .'}]}, {'value': 'Campo Largo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Campo_Largo,_Chaco', 'summary': 'Campo Largo is a town in the province of Chaco , Argentina , and the capital of the department of Independencia . It is located 197 km west-north-west of Resistencia . The population in 2001 was 10,743 .'}]}, {'value': '1,871', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22,411', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20,620', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11.98', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Libertad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Libertad_Department,_Chaco', 'summary': 'Libertad is a department of Chaco Province in Argentina . The provincial subdivision has a population of about 11,000 inhabitants in an area of 1,088km² , and its capital city is Puerto Tirol .'}]}, {'value': 'Puerto Tirol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Puerto_Tirol', 'summary': 'Puerto Tirol is a town in Chaco Province , Argentina . It is the head town of the Libertad Department . The town was founded on August 6 , 1888 . The name refers to the origin of the initial settlers , who came from the Southern part of the Austro-Hungarian County of Tyrol ( in German Tirol ) , an alpine region in Central Europe , today comprising Tyrol , Austria and South Tyrol , Italy . There is another Tyrolian town in South America , about 900 km to the East , Treze Tilias , in Santa Catarina , Brazil ( founded in 1933 ) .'}]}, {'value': '1,088', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12,158', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10,822', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11.17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Libertador General San Martín', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Libertador_General_San_Martín_Department,_Chaco', 'summary': 'Libertador General San Martín is a department located on the north eastern border of Chaco Province in Argentina . The provincial subdivision has a population of about 54,500 inhabitants in an area of 7,800 km² , and its capital city is General José de San Martín , which is located around 1,125 km from the Capital federal . The department and its cabecera ( capital ) are named after José de San Martín , the General that led Argentina to victory over the Spanish Empire in the Argentine War of Independence .'}]}, {'value': 'General José de San Martín', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/General_José_de_San_Martín,_Chaco', 'summary': "General José de San Martín is a city in the north-east of the province of Chaco , Argentina . It is named after José de San Martín , the Argentine general who played a major role in South America 's fight for independence from Spain ( see Argentine War of Independence ) ."}]}, {'value': '7,800', 'urls': []}, {'value': '59,147', 'urls': []}, {'value': '54,470', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7.58', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maipú', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maipú_Department,_Chaco', 'summary': 'Maipú is a central department of Chaco Province in Argentina . The provincial subdivision has a population of about 25,000 inhabitants in an area of 2,855 km² , and its capital city is Tres Isletas , which is located around 1,250 km from the Capital federal .'}]}, {'value': 'Tres Isletas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tres_Isletas', 'summary': 'Tres Isletas is a town in Chaco Province , Argentina . It is the head town of the Maipú Department . Tres Isletas ( meaning 3 little islands ) was founded in 1939 . The local economy is based on agriculture , beekeeping and food production .'}]}, {'value': '2,855', 'urls': []}, {'value': '25,288', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24,747', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8.85', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mayor Luis J. Fontana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mayor_Luis_Jorge_Fontana_Department', 'summary': 'Mayor Luis Jorge Fontana is a southern department of Chaco Province in Argentina . The provincial subdivision has a population of about 53,500 inhabitants in an area of 3,708 km² , and its capital city is Villa Ángela , which is located around 182 km from the provincial capital . The department takes its name from Luis Jorge Fontana , the first governor of Chubut and an explorer of the region .'}]}, {'value': 'Villa Ángela', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Villa_Ángela', 'summary': 'Villa Ángela is a city in the province of Chaco , Argentina , 186 km west of the provincial capital Resistencia . It is on the Gran Chaco , a lowland region of the Río de la Plata basin . It has 43,511 inhabitants as per the 2001 census [ INDEC ] , making it the third largest in the province .'}]}, {'value': '3,708', 'urls': []}, {'value': '55,080', 'urls': []}, {'value': '53,550', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14.85', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9 de Julio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nueve_de_Julio_Department,_Chaco', 'summary': 'Nueve de Julio is a department of Chaco Province in Argentina . The provincial subdivision has a population of about 27,000 inhabitants in an area of 1,130 km² , and its capital city is Las Breñas , which is located around 1,130 km from the Capital federal .'}]}, {'value': 'Las Breñas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Las_Breñas', 'summary': 'Las Breñas is a city in Chaco Province , Argentina . It is the head town of the Nueve de Julio Department . The economy of Las Breñas is centrad around agriculture and farming . It is home to an Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria facility .'}]}, {'value': '2,097', 'urls': []}, {'value': '28,555', 'urls': []}, {'value': '26,955', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13.61', 'urls': []}, {'value': "O'Higgins", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/O'Higgins_Department", 'summary': "O'Higgins is a department of Chaco Province in Argentina . The provincial subdivision has a population of about 19,000 inhabitants in an area of 1,580 km² , and its capital city is San Bernardo , which is located around 190 km from the provincial capital ."}]}, {'value': 'San Bernardo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Bernando,_Chaco', 'summary': "San Bernardo is a town in Chaco Province , Argentina . It is the head town of the O'Higgins Department ."}]}, {'value': '1,580', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20,131', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19,231', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12.74', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Presidencia de la Plaza', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Presidencia_de_la_Plaza_Department', 'summary': 'Presidencia de la Plaza is a department of Chaco Province in Argentina . The provincial subdivision has a population of about 12,000 inhabitants in an area of 2,284 km² , and its capital city is Presidencia de la Plaza , which is located around 1,120 km from the Capital federal .'}]}, {'value': 'Presidencia de la Plaza', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Presidencia_de_la_Plaza', 'summary': 'Presidencia de la Plaza or simply Plaza is a town in Chaco Province , Argentina . It is the head town of the Presidencia de la Plaza Department . The area was first settled in 1911 and was officially founded in 1921 and named in honour of the former President Victorino de la Plaza . In 2005 the Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria opened a station in the town .'}]}, {'value': '2,284', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12,499', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12,231', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5.47', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Primero de Mayo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Primero_de_Mayo_Department', 'summary': 'Primero de Mayo is a south eastern department of Chaco Province in Argentina . The provincial subdivision has a population of about 9,000 inhabitants in an area of 1,864 km² , and its capital city is Margarita Belén , which is located around 1,035 km from the Capital federal .'}]}, {'value': 'Margarita Belén', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Margarita_Belén', 'summary': 'Margarita Belén is a town in Chaco Province , Argentina . It is the head town of the Primero de Mayo Department . The town became infamous when on 13 December 1976 , a joint operation of the Argentine Army and the Chaco Provincial Police resulted in the Massacre of Margarita Belén during the so-called National Reorganization Process . The operation resulted in the torture and execution of 22 political prisoners .'}]}, {'value': '1,864', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10,322', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9,131', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5.53', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Quitilipi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quitilipi_Department', 'summary': 'Quitilipi is a central department of Chaco Province in Argentina . The provincial subdivision has a population of about 32,000 inhabitants in an area of 1,545 km² , and its capital city is Quitilipi , which is located around 1,160 km from the Capital federal .'}]}, {'value': 'Quitilipi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Quitilipi', 'summary': 'Quitilipi is a city in Chaco Province , Argentina . It is the head town of the Quitilipi Department .'}]}, {'value': '1,545', 'urls': []}, {'value': '34,081', 'urls': []}, {'value': '32,083', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22.05', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Political organization', 'section_text': 'The province is divided into 25 departments ( Spanish : departamentos ) .', 'uid': 'Chaco_Province_0', 'intro': "Chaco (Spanish pronunciation: [ˈtʃako]; Wichi: To-kós-wet), officially the Province of Chaco (Spanish: provincia del Chaco, Spanish pronunciation: [pɾo'βinsja dεl ˈtʃako]) is a province in north-eastern Argentina. It is bordered by Salta and Santiago del Estero to the west, Formosa to the north, Corrientes to the east, and Santa Fe to the south. It also has an international border with the Paraguayan Department of Ñeembucú. The capital, and largest city, is Resistencia. With an area of 99,633 km2 (38,469 sq mi), and a population of 1,055,259 as of 2010, it is the twelfth most extensive, and the ninth most populated, of the twenty-three Argentine provinces. Chaco Province has historically been among Argentina's poorest regions, and presently ranks last by per capita GDP and on the Human Development Index."}
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What is the department of the seat in which the Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria opened a station in 2005 ?
Presidencia de la Plaza
04d1846d6197687e
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'title': 'Australia at the 1964 Summer Paralympics', 'header': ['Medal', 'Name', 'Sport', 'Event'], 'data': [{'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gary Hooper', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gary_Hooper_(Paralympian)', 'summary': 'Gary Leslie Hooper , MBE ( born 11 February 1939 ) is an Australian Paralympic competitor . He won seven medals at three Paralympics from 1960 to 1968 .'}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Athletics at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 42 events , 24 for men and 18 for women .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Wheelchair dash above T10", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Athletics at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 42 events , 24 for men and 18 for women .'}]}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elaine Schreiber', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elaine_Schreiber', 'summary': "Elaine Annette Schreiber ( 4 June 1939 - 11 June 2017 ) was an Australian Paralympic table tennis player and field games athlete . She contracted Poliomyelitis as a child . Schreiber , who lived most of her life in Armadale Victoria , was a typist / telephonist employed by the St Kilda City Council , St Kilda Victoria . She worked in the Town Clerk 's department for 17 years prior to the 1964 Summer Paralympics . Australian athletes at these games included quadriplegic Allan McLucas , the first quadriplegic to compete at International Paralympic Games . Schreiber , a member of the Paraplegic and Quadriplegic Association of Victoria , assisted with the fundraising to build a new hostel for quadriplegics to provide better living conditions and care under organised supervision . Schreiber was selected to represent Victoria at the three day event of the Australian Paraplegic Games held in Adelaide , South Australia , September 1964 . She was among the first sixteen gold medal athletes from Victoria , winning four gold medals at these games . Her success led to selection of one of only two Victorian athletes of the 15 member Australian team , to compete at the 1964 Summer Paralympics . At these games , she won Australia 's fourth gold medal in the women 's club throw A class event with a throw of 17.31 metres , a silver medal in the women 's javelin A event with a throw of 9.26 metres , and a bronze medal in the women 's table tennis singles B class event . Schreiber and fellow team member Daphne Hilton were two of only three female athletes who contributed to Australia gaining fourth place in the medal tally behind United Kingdom , USA and Israel , at the 1964 Summer Paralympics . At the Fourth Australian Paraplegic Games held in Brisbane Queensland , April 1966 , Schreiber won seven gold medals in field events and table tennis , breaking the world record in precision javelin throw ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Athletics at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 42 events , 24 for men and 18 for women .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's Club throw A", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Athletics at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 42 events , 24 for men and 18 for women .'}]}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roy Fowler', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roy_Fowler_(Paralympian)', 'summary': 'Roy Fowler ( 22 March 1920 - 19 September 2002 ) was an Australian Paralympic competitor , who won ten medals at six Paralympics from 1964 to 1988 .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Swimming at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 62 events , 31 for men , 30 for women and 1 mixed .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 25 m Freestyle Prone Complete class 1", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Swimming at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 62 events , 31 for men , 30 for women and 1 mixed .'}]}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roy Fowler', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roy_Fowler_(Paralympian)', 'summary': 'Roy Fowler ( 22 March 1920 - 19 September 2002 ) was an Australian Paralympic competitor , who won ten medals at six Paralympics from 1964 to 1988 .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Swimming at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 62 events , 31 for men , 30 for women and 1 mixed .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 25 m Freestyle Supine Complete class 1", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Swimming at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 62 events , 31 for men , 30 for women and 1 mixed .'}]}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roy Fowler', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roy_Fowler_(Paralympian)', 'summary': 'Roy Fowler ( 22 March 1920 - 19 September 2002 ) was an Australian Paralympic competitor , who won ten medals at six Paralympics from 1964 to 1988 .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Swimming at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 62 events , 31 for men , 30 for women and 1 mixed .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 25 m Breaststroke Complete class 1", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Swimming at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 62 events , 31 for men , 30 for women and 1 mixed .'}]}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Dow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Dow', 'summary': 'Michael Dow is an Australian Paralympic swimmer and weightlifter who won two gold , two silver and a bronze medal at the 1964 Summer Paralympics . He was one of only two Victorian athletes selected to compete at these games .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Swimming at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 62 events , 31 for men , 30 for women and 1 mixed .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 50 m Freestyle Supine Incomplete class 3", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Swimming at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 62 events , 31 for men , 30 for women and 1 mixed .'}]}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Dow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Dow', 'summary': 'Michael Dow is an Australian Paralympic swimmer and weightlifter who won two gold , two silver and a bronze medal at the 1964 Summer Paralympics . He was one of only two Victorian athletes selected to compete at these games .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Swimming at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 62 events , 31 for men , 30 for women and 1 mixed .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 50 m Breaststroke Incomplete Class 3", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Swimming at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 62 events , 31 for men , 30 for women and 1 mixed .'}]}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elizabeth Edmondson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elizabeth_Edmondson', 'summary': 'Elizabeth Mary Edmondson ( born 1 July 1950 ) is an Australian Paralympic competitor and current Australian Masters competitor in swimming . She became a paraplegic after contracting polio as a small child . She won several medals in the 1964 and 1968 Summer Paralympics . She subsequently retired from swimming , only taking up the sport again in 2006 to compete in the 2008 FINA World Masters Championships in Perth .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Swimming at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 62 events , 31 for men , 30 for women and 1 mixed .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 50 m Freestyle Prone Complete class 5", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Swimming at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 62 events , 31 for men , 30 for women and 1 mixed .'}]}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elizabeth Edmondson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elizabeth_Edmondson', 'summary': 'Elizabeth Mary Edmondson ( born 1 July 1950 ) is an Australian Paralympic competitor and current Australian Masters competitor in swimming . She became a paraplegic after contracting polio as a small child . She won several medals in the 1964 and 1968 Summer Paralympics . She subsequently retired from swimming , only taking up the sport again in 2006 to compete in the 2008 FINA World Masters Championships in Perth .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Swimming at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 62 events , 31 for men , 30 for women and 1 mixed .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 50 m Freestyle Supine Cauda Equina", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Swimming at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 62 events , 31 for men , 30 for women and 1 mixed .'}]}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elizabeth Edmondson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elizabeth_Edmondson', 'summary': 'Elizabeth Mary Edmondson ( born 1 July 1950 ) is an Australian Paralympic competitor and current Australian Masters competitor in swimming . She became a paraplegic after contracting polio as a small child . She won several medals in the 1964 and 1968 Summer Paralympics . She subsequently retired from swimming , only taking up the sport again in 2006 to compete in the 2008 FINA World Masters Championships in Perth .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Swimming at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 62 events , 31 for men , 30 for women and 1 mixed .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 50 m Breaststroke Cauda Equina", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Swimming at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 62 events , 31 for men , 30 for women and 1 mixed .'}]}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frank Ponta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frank_Ponta', 'summary': "Francis Ettore Ponta ( 8 November 1935 - 1 June 2011 ) was an Australian Paralympic competitor and coach . He competed in several sports including basketball , pentathlon , swimming and fencing . A paraplegic , he lost the use of both his legs after a tumour was removed from his spinal column when he was a teenager . Ponta was a member of Australia 's first national wheelchair basketball team , and is credited with expanding the sport of wheelchair basketball in Western Australia . At the end of his competitive career , he became a coach , working with athletes such as Louise Sauvage , Priya Cooper , Madison de Rozario , Bruce Wallrodt and Bryan Stitfall . He died on 1 June 2011 at the age of 75 after a long illness ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Swimming at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 62 events , 31 for men , 30 for women and 1 mixed .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 25 m Freestyle Supine Complete class 2", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Swimming at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 62 events , 31 for men , 30 for women and 1 mixed .'}]}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Daphne Ceeney Marion O'Brien", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daphne_Ceeney', 'summary': 'Daphne Jean Hilton ( née Ceeney ; 7 January 1934 - 25 July 2016 ) was an Australian Paralympic competitor . She was the first Australian woman to compete at the Paralympic Games . She won fourteen medals in three Paralympics in archery , athletics , fencing , swimming , and table tennis from 1960 to 1968 .'}, {'url': "/wiki/Marion_O'Brien", 'summary': "Marion O'Brien is an Australian Paralympic table tennis player and athlete . At the 1964 Tokyo Games , she won a gold medal in the women 's doubles C event with Daphne Ceeney , a silver medal in the women 's javelin C event , and a bronze medal in the women 's singles C event . At the 1968 Tel Aviv Games , she won a silver medal in the women 's doubles C event with Elaine Schreiber , and a bronze medal in the women 's slalom C event ."}]}, {'value': 'Table Tennis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Table_tennis_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Table tennis at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of twelve events , eight for men and four for women .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's Doubles C", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Table_tennis_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Table tennis at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of twelve events , eight for men and four for women .'}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roy Fowler', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Roy_Fowler_(Paralympian)', 'summary': 'Roy Fowler ( 22 March 1920 - 19 September 2002 ) was an Australian Paralympic competitor , who won ten medals at six Paralympics from 1964 to 1988 .'}]}, {'value': 'Archery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Archery_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Archery at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of twelve events , eight for men and four for women .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's St. Nicholas Round open", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Archery_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Archery at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of twelve events , eight for men and four for women .'}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lionel Cousens , Roy Fowler , John Martin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lionel_Cousens', 'summary': "Lionel Cousens is an Australian Paralympic archer . He was born in Western Australia . At the 1964 Tokyo Games , he won a silver medal in archery in the Men 's St. Nicholas Round Team open event ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Roy_Fowler_(Paralympian)', 'summary': 'Roy Fowler ( 22 March 1920 - 19 September 2002 ) was an Australian Paralympic competitor , who won ten medals at six Paralympics from 1964 to 1988 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/John_Martin_(Paralympian)', 'summary': 'John Martin ( born 1943 ) is an Australian Paralympic archer , athlete , table tennis player , wheelchair basketballer and wheelchair fencer who won three silver medals at five Paralympics . He was born in England and emigrated to Australia with his family at the age of 13 .'}]}, {'value': 'Archery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Archery_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Archery at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of twelve events , eight for men and four for women .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's St. Nicholas Round Team", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Archery_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Archery at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of twelve events , eight for men and four for women .'}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Australian team', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Athletics at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 42 events , 24 for men and 18 for women .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Wheelchair Relay above T10", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Athletics at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 42 events , 24 for men and 18 for women .'}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elaine Schreiber', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elaine_Schreiber', 'summary': "Elaine Annette Schreiber ( 4 June 1939 - 11 June 2017 ) was an Australian Paralympic table tennis player and field games athlete . She contracted Poliomyelitis as a child . Schreiber , who lived most of her life in Armadale Victoria , was a typist / telephonist employed by the St Kilda City Council , St Kilda Victoria . She worked in the Town Clerk 's department for 17 years prior to the 1964 Summer Paralympics . Australian athletes at these games included quadriplegic Allan McLucas , the first quadriplegic to compete at International Paralympic Games . Schreiber , a member of the Paraplegic and Quadriplegic Association of Victoria , assisted with the fundraising to build a new hostel for quadriplegics to provide better living conditions and care under organised supervision . Schreiber was selected to represent Victoria at the three day event of the Australian Paraplegic Games held in Adelaide , South Australia , September 1964 . She was among the first sixteen gold medal athletes from Victoria , winning four gold medals at these games . Her success led to selection of one of only two Victorian athletes of the 15 member Australian team , to compete at the 1964 Summer Paralympics . At these games , she won Australia 's fourth gold medal in the women 's club throw A class event with a throw of 17.31 metres , a silver medal in the women 's javelin A event with a throw of 9.26 metres , and a bronze medal in the women 's table tennis singles B class event . Schreiber and fellow team member Daphne Hilton were two of only three female athletes who contributed to Australia gaining fourth place in the medal tally behind United Kingdom , USA and Israel , at the 1964 Summer Paralympics . At the Fourth Australian Paraplegic Games held in Brisbane Queensland , April 1966 , Schreiber won seven gold medals in field events and table tennis , breaking the world record in precision javelin throw ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Athletics at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 42 events , 24 for men and 18 for women .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's Javelin Throw A", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Athletics at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 42 events , 24 for men and 18 for women .'}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Marion O'Brien", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Marion_O'Brien", 'summary': "Marion O'Brien is an Australian Paralympic table tennis player and athlete . At the 1964 Tokyo Games , she won a gold medal in the women 's doubles C event with Daphne Ceeney , a silver medal in the women 's javelin C event , and a bronze medal in the women 's singles C event . At the 1968 Tel Aviv Games , she won a silver medal in the women 's doubles C event with Elaine Schreiber , and a bronze medal in the women 's slalom C event ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Athletics at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 42 events , 24 for men and 18 for women .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's Javelin Throw C", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Athletics at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 42 events , 24 for men and 18 for women .'}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Daphne Ceeney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Daphne_Ceeney', 'summary': 'Daphne Jean Hilton ( née Ceeney ; 7 January 1934 - 25 July 2016 ) was an Australian Paralympic competitor . She was the first Australian woman to compete at the Paralympic Games . She won fourteen medals in three Paralympics in archery , athletics , fencing , swimming , and table tennis from 1960 to 1968 .'}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Swimming at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 62 events , 31 for men , 30 for women and 1 mixed .'}]}, {'value': "Women 's 50 m Freestyle Prone Complete class 5", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Swimming at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 62 events , 31 for men , 30 for women and 1 mixed .'}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Trevor French', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trevor_French', 'summary': "Trevor French ( died 22 August 2012 ) was an Australian Paralympic swimmer . At the 1964 Tokyo Paralympics , he won a silver medal in the Men 's 25 m Freestyle Supine complete class 2 event ."}]}, {'value': 'Swimming', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Swimming at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 62 events , 31 for men , 30 for women and 1 mixed .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's 25 m Freestyle Supine Complete Class 2", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swimming_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Swimming at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of 62 events , 31 for men , 30 for women and 1 mixed .'}]}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Dow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Michael_Dow', 'summary': 'Michael Dow is an Australian Paralympic swimmer and weightlifter who won two gold , two silver and a bronze medal at the 1964 Summer Paralympics . He was one of only two Victorian athletes selected to compete at these games .'}]}, {'value': 'Weightlifting', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Weightlifting at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of four events for men held 09 - 12 November 1964 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Featherweight", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Weightlifting_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics', 'summary': 'Weightlifting at the 1964 Summer Paralympics consisted of four events for men held 09 - 12 November 1964 .'}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Australia_at_the_1964_Summer_Paralympics_0', 'intro': 'Also known as the 13th Stoke Mandeville Games, the 1964 Summer Paralympics was the 2nd Paralympic Games. Hosted in Tokyo, the games ran from 8 to 12 November. Australia won a total of 30 medals (12 gold, 11 silver, and 7 bronze) and finished fourth on the medal tally behind Italy (3rd), Great Britain (2nd) and the United States (1st). Australia competed in 6 of the 9 sports at the Games, winning medals in each of those sports, but was most successful in the pool, winning a majority of their medals in swimming events.'}
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Who is the younger member of a team that won a medal in sport that consisted of twelve events ?
John Martin
04d1fcabd3f59d84
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_of_Canning', 'title': 'County of Canning', 'header': ['Parish', 'LGA', 'Towns'], 'data': [{'value': 'Beerwah', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sunshine Coast', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sunshine_Coast_Region', 'summary': 'The Sunshine Coast Region is a local government area located in the Sunshine Coast district of South East Queensland , Australia . It was created by the amalgamation in 2008 of the City of Caloundra and the Shires of Maroochy and Noosa . It contains 4,194 kilometres ( 2,606 mi ) of roads , 211 kilometres ( 131 mi ) of coastline and a population of 319,922 in June 2018 . The first budget of the new Council for the 2008-2009 financial year totals A $ 673 million including $ 498 million operating expenditure , $ 168 million capital expenditure and $ 25.2 million for repayment of loans . On 1 January 2014 , the Shire of Noosa was re-established independent of the Sunshine Coast Regional council .'}]}, {'value': 'Beerwah , Beerburrum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beerwah,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Beerwah ( /ˈbɪərwɑː , -wɔː/ ) is a rural town and a locality in the hinterland of the Sunshine Coast Region , Queensland , Australia . It is situated north of Glass House Mountains , approximately 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) north of Brisbane , and just south of Landsborough . The main road through Beerwah is called Steve Irwin Way . It was formerly known as the Glasshouse Mountain Tourist Route and is accessed by the Bruce Highway , which bypassed the town in 1985 . Beerwah is administered by the Sunshine Coast Regional Council .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Beerburrum,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Beerburrum is a small town and coastal locality in the Sunshine Coast Region , Queensland , Australia . In the 2016 census , Beerburrum had a population of 763 people .'}]}, {'value': 'Bowman', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Somerset', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Somerset_Region', 'summary': "The Somerset Region is a local government area located in the West Moreton region of South East Queensland , Australia , about 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) northwest of Brisbane and centred on the town of Esk . It was created in 2008 from a merger of the Shire of Esk and the Shire of Kilcoy . It is commonly known as the Brisbane Valley , due to the Brisbane River which courses through the region , although significant parts of the region lie outside the hydrological Brisbane Valley itself . The Esk and Kilcoy Shires were amalgamated to consolidate the water catchments for the Wivenhoe and Somerset Dams . The Local Government Reform Commission identified that the long-term future of Somerset would be as a major water catchment for the SEQ region with farming being the main economic activity within a water catchment management regime . The planning strategy and land use policies implemented by the Somerset Regional Council are therefore directed this end . The Somerset Regional Council , which administers the region , has an estimated operating budget of A $ 50 million . ( Council 's 2011/2012 budget adopted in June 2012 showed total operating revenue of A $ 50,049,250 ) . The Somerset region comprises the primary water catchment for the Somerset and Wivenhoe Dams that form an essential part of the water supply grid for South East Queensland ."}]}, {'value': 'Somerset Dam , Hazeldean', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Somerset_Dam', 'summary': 'The Somerset Dam is a mass concrete gravity dam with a gated spillway across the Stanley River in Queensland , Australia . It is within the locality of Somerset Dam in the Somerset Region in South East Queensland . The main purpose of the dam is the supply of potable water for the Brisbane , Gold Coast and Logan City regions . Additionally , the dam provides for flood mitigation , recreation and for the generation of hydroelectricity . The impounded reservoir is called Lake Somerset . The dam , lake and surrounding village of Somerset are named in honour of Henry Plantagenet Somerset , a local grazier and Member of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland who represented the seat of Stanley from 1904 until 1920 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Hazeldean,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Hazeldean is a rural locality in the Somerset Region , Queensland , Australia . In the 2016 census , Hazeldean had a population of 262 people .'}]}, {'value': 'Bribie', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sunshine Coast', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sunshine_Coast_Region', 'summary': 'The Sunshine Coast Region is a local government area located in the Sunshine Coast district of South East Queensland , Australia . It was created by the amalgamation in 2008 of the City of Caloundra and the Shires of Maroochy and Noosa . It contains 4,194 kilometres ( 2,606 mi ) of roads , 211 kilometres ( 131 mi ) of coastline and a population of 319,922 in June 2018 . The first budget of the new Council for the 2008-2009 financial year totals A $ 673 million including $ 498 million operating expenditure , $ 168 million capital expenditure and $ 25.2 million for repayment of loans . On 1 January 2014 , the Shire of Noosa was re-established independent of the Sunshine Coast Regional council .'}]}, {'value': 'Caloundra , Landsborough', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caloundra', 'summary': 'Caloundra /kəˈlaʊndrʌ/ is a coastal town and the southernmost town in the Sunshine Coast Region in South East Queensland , Australia .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Landsborough,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Landsborough is a town and a locality in the Sunshine Coast Region , Queensland , Australia . In the 2016 census , Landsborough had a population of 3,812 people .'}]}, {'value': 'Canning', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Moreton Bay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moreton_Bay_Region', 'summary': 'The Moreton Bay Region is a local government area in the north of the Brisbane metropolitan area in South East Queensland , Australia . Established in 2008 , it replaced three established local government areas , the City of Redcliffe and the Shires of Pine Rivers and Caboolture . With an estimated operating budget of A $ 391 million and a 2018 population of 459,585 , Moreton Bay Region is the third largest local government area in Australia behind the City of Brisbane and City of Gold Coast , both of which are also amalgamated entities .'}]}, {'value': 'Caboolture , Elimbah', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caboolture', 'summary': 'Caboolture /kəˈbʊltʃər/ is a town and suburb in Moreton Bay Region , Queensland , Australia . At the 2016 census , the town of Caboolture had an estimated population of 67,460 . It is located on the north side of the Caboolture River , which separates the town from Morayfield and Caboolture South .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Elimbah,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Elimbah is a town and locality in Moreton Bay Region , Queensland , Australia . It is located north of the larger centre of Caboolture , and south of Beerburrum . In the 2016 census , the suburb recorded a population of 3,963 persons .'}]}, {'value': 'Cressbrook', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Somerset', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Somerset_Region', 'summary': "The Somerset Region is a local government area located in the West Moreton region of South East Queensland , Australia , about 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) northwest of Brisbane and centred on the town of Esk . It was created in 2008 from a merger of the Shire of Esk and the Shire of Kilcoy . It is commonly known as the Brisbane Valley , due to the Brisbane River which courses through the region , although significant parts of the region lie outside the hydrological Brisbane Valley itself . The Esk and Kilcoy Shires were amalgamated to consolidate the water catchments for the Wivenhoe and Somerset Dams . The Local Government Reform Commission identified that the long-term future of Somerset would be as a major water catchment for the SEQ region with farming being the main economic activity within a water catchment management regime . The planning strategy and land use policies implemented by the Somerset Regional Council are therefore directed this end . The Somerset Regional Council , which administers the region , has an estimated operating budget of A $ 50 million . ( Council 's 2011/2012 budget adopted in June 2012 showed total operating revenue of A $ 50,049,250 ) . The Somerset region comprises the primary water catchment for the Somerset and Wivenhoe Dams that form an essential part of the water supply grid for South East Queensland ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Durundur', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Moreton Bay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moreton_Bay_Region', 'summary': 'The Moreton Bay Region is a local government area in the north of the Brisbane metropolitan area in South East Queensland , Australia . Established in 2008 , it replaced three established local government areas , the City of Redcliffe and the Shires of Pine Rivers and Caboolture . With an estimated operating budget of A $ 391 million and a 2018 population of 459,585 , Moreton Bay Region is the third largest local government area in Australia behind the City of Brisbane and City of Gold Coast , both of which are also amalgamated entities .'}]}, {'value': 'Woodford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Woodford,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Woodford is a town and a locality in the Moreton Bay Region , Queensland , Australia . The town is noted for its folk festival that takes place over the New Year holidays . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Kilcoy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Somerset', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Somerset_Region', 'summary': "The Somerset Region is a local government area located in the West Moreton region of South East Queensland , Australia , about 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) northwest of Brisbane and centred on the town of Esk . It was created in 2008 from a merger of the Shire of Esk and the Shire of Kilcoy . It is commonly known as the Brisbane Valley , due to the Brisbane River which courses through the region , although significant parts of the region lie outside the hydrological Brisbane Valley itself . The Esk and Kilcoy Shires were amalgamated to consolidate the water catchments for the Wivenhoe and Somerset Dams . The Local Government Reform Commission identified that the long-term future of Somerset would be as a major water catchment for the SEQ region with farming being the main economic activity within a water catchment management regime . The planning strategy and land use policies implemented by the Somerset Regional Council are therefore directed this end . The Somerset Regional Council , which administers the region , has an estimated operating budget of A $ 50 million . ( Council 's 2011/2012 budget adopted in June 2012 showed total operating revenue of A $ 50,049,250 ) . The Somerset region comprises the primary water catchment for the Somerset and Wivenhoe Dams that form an essential part of the water supply grid for South East Queensland ."}]}, {'value': 'Kilcoy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kilcoy,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Kilcoy is a town and locality in the Somerset Region local government area in South East Queensland , Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Maroochy', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sunshine Coast', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sunshine_Coast_Region', 'summary': 'The Sunshine Coast Region is a local government area located in the Sunshine Coast district of South East Queensland , Australia . It was created by the amalgamation in 2008 of the City of Caloundra and the Shires of Maroochy and Noosa . It contains 4,194 kilometres ( 2,606 mi ) of roads , 211 kilometres ( 131 mi ) of coastline and a population of 319,922 in June 2018 . The first budget of the new Council for the 2008-2009 financial year totals A $ 673 million including $ 498 million operating expenditure , $ 168 million capital expenditure and $ 25.2 million for repayment of loans . On 1 January 2014 , the Shire of Noosa was re-established independent of the Sunshine Coast Regional council .'}]}, {'value': 'Nambour , Eumundi , Coolum', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nambour,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Nambour is a town and locality in the Sunshine Coast Region , Queensland , Australia . At the 2016 census Nambour had a population of 11,187 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Eumundi,_Queensland', 'summary': "Eumundi is a small town and locality in the Sunshine Coast hinterland in the Sunshine Coast Region , Queensland , Australia , 21 km south-west of Noosa Heads and 118 km north of the state capital , Brisbane . It is located just off the Bruce Highway . Nearby towns are Yandina and Cooroy . Eumundi is very popular on the coast for its bi-weekly farmers ' markets . The marketplace is full of locally-made produce , which has made Eumundi and the surrounding area a haven for small businesses ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Coolum,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Coolum Beach is a beachside town and coastal suburb of the Sunshine Coast Region , Queensland , Australia and is also the name of the beach around which the town is based . In the 2016 census , Coolum Beach had a population of 8,497 people .'}]}, {'value': 'Monsildale', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Somerset', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Somerset_Region', 'summary': "The Somerset Region is a local government area located in the West Moreton region of South East Queensland , Australia , about 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) northwest of Brisbane and centred on the town of Esk . It was created in 2008 from a merger of the Shire of Esk and the Shire of Kilcoy . It is commonly known as the Brisbane Valley , due to the Brisbane River which courses through the region , although significant parts of the region lie outside the hydrological Brisbane Valley itself . The Esk and Kilcoy Shires were amalgamated to consolidate the water catchments for the Wivenhoe and Somerset Dams . The Local Government Reform Commission identified that the long-term future of Somerset would be as a major water catchment for the SEQ region with farming being the main economic activity within a water catchment management regime . The planning strategy and land use policies implemented by the Somerset Regional Council are therefore directed this end . The Somerset Regional Council , which administers the region , has an estimated operating budget of A $ 50 million . ( Council 's 2011/2012 budget adopted in June 2012 showed total operating revenue of A $ 50,049,250 ) . The Somerset region comprises the primary water catchment for the Somerset and Wivenhoe Dams that form an essential part of the water supply grid for South East Queensland ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mooloolah', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sunshine Coast', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sunshine_Coast_Region', 'summary': 'The Sunshine Coast Region is a local government area located in the Sunshine Coast district of South East Queensland , Australia . It was created by the amalgamation in 2008 of the City of Caloundra and the Shires of Maroochy and Noosa . It contains 4,194 kilometres ( 2,606 mi ) of roads , 211 kilometres ( 131 mi ) of coastline and a population of 319,922 in June 2018 . The first budget of the new Council for the 2008-2009 financial year totals A $ 673 million including $ 498 million operating expenditure , $ 168 million capital expenditure and $ 25.2 million for repayment of loans . On 1 January 2014 , the Shire of Noosa was re-established independent of the Sunshine Coast Regional council .'}]}, {'value': 'Maroochydore , Eudlo , Sippy Downs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maroochydore,_Queensland', 'summary': "Maroochydore is a coastal town and suburb of the Sunshine Coast Region , Queensland , Australia . At the 2016 census the suburb recorded a population of 16,800 . The town was subdivided from the Cotton Tree reserve by Surveyor Thomas O'Connor in 1903 . The land was acquired from William Pettigrew who had a timber depot at what is now Wharf Street . Its name comes from the Aboriginal indigenous Yuggera language word 'Muru-kutchi ' , meaning red-bill and referring to the black swan , which is commonly seen in the area . Maroochydore is a major commercial area of the Sunshine Coast with most shopping precincts located in the central business district . It is home to the Sunshine Plaza shopping centre and the Sunshine Coast 's major bus interchange for TransLink services operated by Sunbus . Maroochydore is also a venue of major surf sport carnivals , and is a popular holiday point from which to travel the rest of Queensland ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Eudlo,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Eudlo is a small hinterland town and locality on the Sunshine Coast in Queensland , Australia . In the 2016 census , Eudlo had a population of 1117 people .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Sippy_Downs,_Queensland', 'summary': "Sippy Downs is a suburb of the Sunshine Coast Region , Queensland , Australia , and is part of the Buderim urban centre . It contains the locality of Chancellor Park , and Australia 's newest university , the University of the Sunshine Coast ."}]}, {'value': 'Neara', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Somerset', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Somerset_Region', 'summary': "The Somerset Region is a local government area located in the West Moreton region of South East Queensland , Australia , about 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) northwest of Brisbane and centred on the town of Esk . It was created in 2008 from a merger of the Shire of Esk and the Shire of Kilcoy . It is commonly known as the Brisbane Valley , due to the Brisbane River which courses through the region , although significant parts of the region lie outside the hydrological Brisbane Valley itself . The Esk and Kilcoy Shires were amalgamated to consolidate the water catchments for the Wivenhoe and Somerset Dams . The Local Government Reform Commission identified that the long-term future of Somerset would be as a major water catchment for the SEQ region with farming being the main economic activity within a water catchment management regime . The planning strategy and land use policies implemented by the Somerset Regional Council are therefore directed this end . The Somerset Regional Council , which administers the region , has an estimated operating budget of A $ 50 million . ( Council 's 2011/2012 budget adopted in June 2012 showed total operating revenue of A $ 50,049,250 ) . The Somerset region comprises the primary water catchment for the Somerset and Wivenhoe Dams that form an essential part of the water supply grid for South East Queensland ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toorbul', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Moreton Bay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moreton_Bay_Region', 'summary': 'The Moreton Bay Region is a local government area in the north of the Brisbane metropolitan area in South East Queensland , Australia . Established in 2008 , it replaced three established local government areas , the City of Redcliffe and the Shires of Pine Rivers and Caboolture . With an estimated operating budget of A $ 391 million and a 2018 population of 459,585 , Moreton Bay Region is the third largest local government area in Australia behind the City of Brisbane and City of Gold Coast , both of which are also amalgamated entities .'}]}, {'value': 'Toorbul , Ningi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toorbul,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Toorbul is a coastal town and a locality in the Moreton Bay Region , Queensland , Australia . In the 2016 census , Toorbul had a population of 930 people .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ningi,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Ningi is a town and locality in the Moreton Bay Region , Queensland , Australia . It is near Caboolture .'}]}, {'value': 'Wararba', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Moreton Bay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moreton_Bay_Region', 'summary': 'The Moreton Bay Region is a local government area in the north of the Brisbane metropolitan area in South East Queensland , Australia . Established in 2008 , it replaced three established local government areas , the City of Redcliffe and the Shires of Pine Rivers and Caboolture . With an estimated operating budget of A $ 391 million and a 2018 population of 459,585 , Moreton Bay Region is the third largest local government area in Australia behind the City of Brisbane and City of Gold Coast , both of which are also amalgamated entities .'}]}, {'value': 'Wamuran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wamuran,_Queensland', 'summary': 'Wamuran is a rural town and locality in the Moreton Bay Region , Queensland , Australia . In the 2016 census , Wamuran had a population of 3,196 people . Wamuran is known for its fresh strawberries and pineapples .'}]}, {'value': 'Woorim', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Moreton Bay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Moreton_Bay_Region', 'summary': 'The Moreton Bay Region is a local government area in the north of the Brisbane metropolitan area in South East Queensland , Australia . Established in 2008 , it replaced three established local government areas , the City of Redcliffe and the Shires of Pine Rivers and Caboolture . With an estimated operating budget of A $ 391 million and a 2018 population of 459,585 , Moreton Bay Region is the third largest local government area in Australia behind the City of Brisbane and City of Gold Coast , both of which are also amalgamated entities .'}]}, {'value': 'Bribie Island', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bribie_Island', 'summary': "Bribie Island is the smallest and most northerly of three major sand islands forming the coastline sheltering the northern part of Moreton Bay , Queensland , Australia . The others are Moreton Island and North Stradbroke Island . Bribie Island is 34 kilometres ( 21 miles ) long , and 8 kilometres ( 5.0 miles ) at its widest . Archibald Meston believed that the name of the island came from a corruption of a mainland word for it , Boorabee . meaning 'koala bear ' . Bribie Island hugs the coastline and tapers to a long spit at its most northern point near Caloundra , and is separated from the mainland by Pumicestone Passage . The ocean side of the island is somewhat sheltered from prevailing winds by Moreton Island and associated sand banks and has only a small surf break . The lee side is calm , with white sandy beaches in the south . Most of the island is uninhabited national park ( 55.8 square kilometres or 21.5 square miles ) and forestry plantations . The southern end of the island has been intensively urbanised as part of the Moreton Bay Region , the main suburbs being Bongaree , Woorim , Bellara and Banksia Beach . A bridge from Sandstone Point on the mainland was completed in 1963 . Buckley 's Hole , at the southern tip of the island , is an important bird habitat and refuge ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Parishes', 'section_text': 'Canning is divided into parishes , as listed below :', 'uid': 'County_of_Canning_0', 'intro': 'The County of Canning is a county (a cadastral division) in Queensland, Australia. The county consists of almost all of the former Shires of Caboolture, Maroochy and Kilcoy and the former City of Caloundra. Its main urbanised areas are centred on the Sunshine Coast (excluding Noosa) and the areas surrounding Caboolture.'}
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What three local government areas did the Bribie Island LGA replace ?
the City of Redcliffe and the Shires of Pine Rivers and Caboolture
04d26cd7f9128a39
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Illawarra_and_the_South_East_(New_South_Wales)', 'title': 'List of schools in Illawarra and the South East (New South Wales)', 'header': ['Name', 'Suburb', 'LGA', 'Opened', 'Website'], 'data': [{'value': 'Albion Park High School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Albion Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albion_Park,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': "Albion Park is a suburb situated in the Macquarie Valley in the City of Shellharbour , which is in turn one of the three local government areas that comprise the Wollongong Metropolitan Area , New South Wales , Australia . Although it is surrounded by a 'green belt ' of farms , Albion Park had a population of 13,316 at the 2016 census . The Illawarra escarpment is to the west , Dapto is to the north , Jamberoo is to the south and Shellharbour is to the east ."}]}, {'value': 'Shellharbour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Shellharbour', 'summary': 'The City of Shellharbour is a local government area in the Illawarra region of New South Wales , Australia . The City is located about 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) south of Sydney and covers the southern suburbs of the Wollongong urban area centred on Shellharbour and it had an estimated population of 68,460 at the 2016 census . The area is bordered by the City of Wollongong to the north , with the boundary being the Lake Illawarra entrance ( and the suburb of Lake Illawarra ) and Macquarie Rivulet ( Albion Park Rail ) . The Municipality of Kiama is to the south of the City of Shellharbour . The Mayor of the Shellharbour City Council is Cr . Marianne Saliba , a member of the Labor Party .'}]}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Batemans Bay High School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Batemans_Bay_High_School', 'summary': 'Batemans Bay High School is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school , located in Batehaven , a suburb of Batemans Bay , in the South Coast region of New South Wales , Australia . Established in 1989 , the school enrolled approximately 700 students in 2018 , from Year 7 to Year 12 , of whom 16 percent identified as Indigenous Australians and four percent were from a language background other than English . The school is operated by the NSW Department of Education ; the principal is Paula Hambly .'}]}, {'value': 'Batemans Bay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Batemans_Bay,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': "Batemans Bay is a city in the South Coast region of the state of New South Wales , Australia . Batemans Bay is administered by the Eurobodalla Shire council . The city is situated on the shores of an estuary formed where the Clyde River meets the South Pacific Ocean . Batemans Bay is located on the Princes Highway ( Highway 1 ) about 280 kilometres ( 170 mi ) from Sydney and 760 km ( 470 mi ) from Melbourne . Canberra is located about 151 km ( 94 mi ) to the west of Batemans Bay , via the Kings Highway . At the 2016 census , Batemans Bay had a population of 11,294 . A larger urban area surrounding Batemans Bay also including Long Beach , Maloneys Beach and the coastal fringe extending south to Rosedale had a population of 16,485 at June 2018 . It is the closest seaside city to Canberra , making Batemans Bay a popular holiday destination for residents of Australia 's national capital . Geologically , it is situated in the far southern reaches of the Sydney Basin . Batemans Bay is also a popular retiree haven , but has begun to attract young families seeking affordable housing and a relaxed seaside lifestyle . Other local industries include oyster farming , forestry , eco-tourism and retail services ."}]}, {'value': 'Eurobodalla', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eurobodalla_Shire', 'summary': 'Eurobodalla Shire is a local government area located in the South Coast region of New South Wales , Australia . The Shire is located in a largely mountainous coastal region and situated adjacent to the Tasman Sea , the Princes Highway and the Kings Highway . The Mayor of Eurobodalla Shire Council is Cr . Liz Innes , an unaligned politician .'}]}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bega High School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bega', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bega,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': 'Bega is a town in the south-east of New South Wales , Australia in the Bega Valley Shire . It is the economic centre for the Bega Valley .'}]}, {'value': 'Bega Valley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bega_Valley_Shire', 'summary': 'The Bega Valley Shire is a local government area located adjacent to the south-eastern coastline of New South Wales , Australia . The Shire was formed in 1981 with the amalgamation of the Municipality of Bega , Imlay Shire and Mumbulla Shire . The estimated population as at the 2016 census was 33,253 . The area extends from Bermagui in the north to the Victorian border in the south and includes the towns of Bega , Tathra , Merimbula , Tura Beach , Wolumla , Cobargo , Bemboka , Pambula , Pambula Beach and the former whaling port , tourism hotspot , and major port of Eden . Smaller localities include :'}]}, {'value': '1952', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bomaderry High School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bomaderry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bomaderry,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': 'Bomaderry is a town in the Shoalhaven council district area of New South Wales , Australia . At the 2016 census , it had a population of 6,661 people . It is on the north shore of the Shoalhaven River , across the river from Nowra , the major town of the City of Shoalhaven , of which Bomaderry is locally regarded as being a suburb of the city .'}]}, {'value': 'Shoalhaven', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Shoalhaven', 'summary': 'The City of Shoalhaven is a local government area in the south-eastern coastal region of New South Wales , Australia . The area is approximately 200 kilometres ( 120 mi ) south of Sydney . The area is located adjacent to the Tasman Sea . The Princes Highway passes through the area and the South Coast railway line traverses the northern section of the area and terminates at Bomaderry . At the 2016 census , the population of the City of Shoalhaven was 99,650 . The City was established on 1 July 1948 as the Shoalhaven Shire following the amalgamation of the Municipalities of Nowra , Berry , Broughtons Vale , Ulladulla , South Shoalhaven , and the shires of Cambewarra and Clyde . The Mayor of Shoalhaven City Council is Amanda Findley , who is a member of the Greens . She defeated the incumbent mayor Joanna Gash on preferences at the 2016 elections .'}]}, {'value': '1968', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bombala High School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bombala', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bombala,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': 'Bombala is a town in the Monaro region of south-eastern New South Wales , Australia , in Snowy Monaro Regional Council . It is approximately 485 kilometres ( 301 mi ) south of the state capital , Sydney , and 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) south of the town of Cooma . The name derives from an Aboriginal word meaning Meeting of the waters . The town lies on the banks of the Bombala River . At the 2016 census , Bombala had a population of 1,387 .'}]}, {'value': 'Snowy Monaro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Snowy_Monaro_Regional_Council', 'summary': 'The Snowy Monaro Regional Council is a local government area located in the Snowy Mountains and Monaro regions of New South Wales , Australia . The council was formed on 12 May 2016 through a merger of the Bombala , Cooma-Monaro and Snowy River shires . The council comprises an area of 15,162 square kilometres ( 5,854 sq mi ) and occupies the higher slopes of the eastern side of the Great Dividing Range between the Australian Capital Territory to the north and the state boundary with Victoria to the south . At the time of its establishment the council had an estimated population of 20,707 . Its population at the 2016 census was 20,218 . The Mayor of the Snowy Monaro Regional Council is Peter Beer .'}]}, {'value': '1973', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bowral High School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bowral_High_School', 'summary': 'Bowral High School is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school , located in Bowral , a town in the Southern Highlands region of New South Wales , Australia . Established in 1929 as a tribute to the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps ( ANZAC ) of World War I , the school caters for approximately 850 students from Year 7 to Year 12 , of whom five percent identified as Indigenous Australians and twelve percent were from a language background other than English . The school district includes Bowral , East Bowral , Mittagong , Colo Vale , and Hill Top . The school is operated by the New South Wales Department of Education ; and the current principal is Jason Conroy .'}]}, {'value': 'Bowral', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bowral,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': 'Bowral ( /ˈbaʊrəl/ ) is the largest town in the Southern Highlands of New South Wales , Australia , about ninety minutes south of Sydney . It is the main business and entertainment precinct of the Wingecarribee Shire and Highlands . At the 2016 census , the population of the Bowral area was 12,949 . In the past , Bowral served as a rural summer retreat for the gentry of Sydney , resulting in the establishment of a number of estates and manor houses in the district . Today , it is considered a dormitory suburb for commuter Sydneysiders , though it is 136km away from the city centre . Bowral is often associated with the cricketer Sir Donald Bradman . Bowral is close to several other historic towns , being 5 kilometres ( 3 mi ) from Mittagong , 9 kilometres ( 6 mi ) from both Moss Vale and Berrima . The suburb of East Bowral and the village of Burradoo are nearby .'}]}, {'value': 'Wingecarribee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wingecarribee_Shire', 'summary': 'Wingecarribee Shire is the local government area of the Southern Highlands in the state of New South Wales , Australia . The Wingecarribee Shire is around 110 kilometres ( 70 mi ) southwest of the Sydney central business district and is part of regional Capital Country and to some extent can be considered part of the Southern Tablelands . Wingecarribee Shire covers an area of 2,700 square kilometres ( 1,000 sq mi ) that is typically referred to as the Southern Highlands . Wingecarribee Shire is an important catchment area for water supply to Sydney , Wollongong and the Northern Shoalhaven . The Mayor of Wingecarribee Shire is Cr . Duncan Gair . The Council seat and Chambers is based in Moss Vale . However , the centre of commerce of the Shire is based in Bowral . The Shire came into existence on 1 January 1981 as an amalgamation of the three previous local government areas that made up the Southern Highlands ; Mittagong Shire Council ( previously Nattai Shire Council ) , Bowral Municipality Council and the former Wingecarribee Shire ( based in Moss Vale ) . In 2012 , the Wingecarribee Shire Council won a landmark class action against Lehman Brothers Australia in the Federal Court after it was found that Lehman Brothers failed to give sound financial advice to the Wingecarribee Shire and other councils through exposure to high-risk investments known as collateralised debt obligations . Wingecarribee Council suffered A $ 21.4 million of losses on its investments . The Federal Court found that the Council was entitled to an initial award of A $ 9 million .'}]}, {'value': '1930', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bulli High School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bulli_High_School', 'summary': 'Bulli High School is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school , located on Ursula Road in Bulli , in the northern Illawarra region of New South Wales , Australia . In 2018 the school catered for approximately 860 students from Year 7 to Year 12 , of whom three percent identified as Indigenous Australians and ten percent were from a language background other than English . The school is operated by the NSW Department of Education ; the principal is Chris Gregory .'}]}, {'value': 'Bulli', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bulli,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': "Bulli ( /ˈbʊlaɪ/ BULL-eye ) is a northern suburb of Wollongong situated on the south coast of New South Wales , Australia . Bulli is possibly derived from an Aboriginal word signifying double or two mountains , but other derivations have been suggested . Originally inhabited by Wodi Wodi Aboriginal people , European wood cutters worked in the area from about 1815 . The area was once abundant in Red Cedars , these are now still seen but thinly . The first permanent European settler was Cornelius O'Brien , who established a farm in 1823 and whose name was given in the pass at O'Briens Road south at Figtree . Bulli soil is also the primary source of soil and foundation of Sydney Cricket Ground , which makes the SCG being seen traditionally as one of the most spin-friendly international cricket grounds in Australia ."}]}, {'value': 'Wollongong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Wollongong', 'summary': 'The City of Wollongong is a local government area in the Illawarra region of New South Wales , Australia . The area is situated adjacent to the Tasman Sea , the Southern Freeway and the South Coast railway line . Located 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) south of Sydney central business district , the City of Wollongong covers 714 square kilometres ( 276 sq mi ) and occupies a narrow coastal strip bordered by the Royal National Park to the north , Lake Illawarra to the south , the Tasman Sea to the east and the Illawarra escarpment to the west . The Lord Mayor of the City of Wollongong Council is Cr . Gordon Bradbery AM , an independent politician .'}]}, {'value': '1956', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Corrimal High School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corrimal_High_School', 'summary': 'Corrimal High School is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school , located in East Corrimal , a suburb of Wollongong in the Illawarra region of New South Wales , Australia . Established in 1951 , the school enrolled approximately 320 students in 2018 , from Year 7 to Year 12 , including 17 percent who identified as Indigenous Australians and 20 percent who were from a language background other than English . The school is operated by the New South Wales Department of Education ; and the principal is Paul Roger .'}]}, {'value': 'East Corrimal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_Corrimal,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': "East Corrimal is a northern seaside suburb of Wollongong , New South Wales , Australia . Predominantly residential , the suburb includes Corrimal High School and Corrimal East Public School , as well as Corrimal Beach and Corrimal Beach Tourist Park at the eastern end . A public park was opened in 1959 to the west of the high school and north of the primary school , named Phil Adams Park , which features tall trees , paths and several seats . The South Coast railway line forms the western boundary of East Corrimal and separates it from its sister suburb Corrimal . It is served by Corrimal railway station . The suburb takes its name from a point on the nearby Illawarra escarpment which was known as Mount Corrimal ( named after the Aboriginal Dreamtime warrior Kurimul ) and now called Broker 's Nose ."}]}, {'value': 'Wollongong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Wollongong', 'summary': 'The City of Wollongong is a local government area in the Illawarra region of New South Wales , Australia . The area is situated adjacent to the Tasman Sea , the Southern Freeway and the South Coast railway line . Located 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) south of Sydney central business district , the City of Wollongong covers 714 square kilometres ( 276 sq mi ) and occupies a narrow coastal strip bordered by the Royal National Park to the north , Lake Illawarra to the south , the Tasman Sea to the east and the Illawarra escarpment to the west . The Lord Mayor of the City of Wollongong Council is Cr . Gordon Bradbery AM , an independent politician .'}]}, {'value': '1951', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Crookwell High School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Crookwell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Crookwell,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': "Crookwell is a small town located in the Southern Tablelands of New South Wales , Australia , in the Upper Lachlan Shire . At the 2016 census , Crookwell had a population of 2,641 . The town is at a relatively high altitude of 887 metres and there are several snowfalls annually , especially during the winter months . The nearest major centre is the city of Goulburn which is about a half-hour drive to the south-east of the town . Crookwell is easily accessible to the state capital of Sydney and also the federal capital of Canberra . Most employment is based on rural industries , and the district is renowned for potato farming . Crookwell is also home to what was NSW 's first wind farm , which consists of 8 turbines , and is located a few kilometres out of town on the road towards Goulburn . A railway once connected Goulburn and Crookwell , which opened in 1902 , but passenger services to Crookwell station ceased in 1974 , and the last goods train ran in 1985 . The line is technically not closed , but has been listed as out of use , and in some locations is now impassable ."}]}, {'value': 'Upper Lachlan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Upper_Lachlan_Shire', 'summary': 'Upper Lachlan Shire is a local government area in the Southern Tablelands region of New South Wales , Australia . The Shire was formed in February 2004 from Crookwell Shire and parts of Mulwaree , Gunning and Yass Shires . The Mayor of Upper Lachlan Shire Council is Cr . John Stafford , an unaligned politician .'}]}, {'value': '1968', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dapto High School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dapto_High_School', 'summary': 'Dapto High School is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school , located in Dapto , a suburb of Wollongong in the Illawarra region of New South Wales , Australia . Established in 1958 , the school enrolled approximately 900 students in 2018 , from Year 7 to Year 12 , of whom six percent identified as Indigenous Australians and nine percent were from a language background other than English . The school is operated by the New South Wales Department of Education ; the principal is Andrew FitzSimons .'}]}, {'value': 'Dapto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dapto,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': 'Dapto is a suburb of Wollongong in the Illawarra region of New South Wales , Australia , located on the western side of Lake Illawarra and covering an area 7.15 square kilometres in size . [ citation needed ] As at the 2016 census , the suburb had a population of 10,730 .'}]}, {'value': 'Wollongong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Wollongong', 'summary': 'The City of Wollongong is a local government area in the Illawarra region of New South Wales , Australia . The area is situated adjacent to the Tasman Sea , the Southern Freeway and the South Coast railway line . Located 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) south of Sydney central business district , the City of Wollongong covers 714 square kilometres ( 276 sq mi ) and occupies a narrow coastal strip bordered by the Royal National Park to the north , Lake Illawarra to the south , the Tasman Sea to the east and the Illawarra escarpment to the west . The Lord Mayor of the City of Wollongong Council is Cr . Gordon Bradbery AM , an independent politician .'}]}, {'value': '1958', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eden Marine High School', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eden,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': "Eden is a coastal town in the South Coast region of New South Wales , Australia . The town is 478 kilometres ( 297 mi ) south of the state capital Sydney and is the most southerly town in New South Wales , located between Nullica Bay to the south and Calle Calle Bay , the northern reach of Twofold Bay , and built on undulating land adjacent to the third-deepest natural harbour in the southern hemisphere , and Snug Cove on its western boundary . At the 2016 census , Eden had a population of 3,151 . The eastern coastline has rugged cliffs at the southern end and a wide , sandy surf beach , Aslings Beach , north of the cliffs . The beach ends at the entrance to Lake Curalo , a safe boating inlet of Twofold Bay . Although the urban settlement of Eden commenced in 1843 the settlement was not officially proclaimed as a township until 20 March 1885 . The town 's main industries include fishing , forestry , and tourism ."}]}, {'value': 'Bega Valley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bega_Valley_Shire', 'summary': 'The Bega Valley Shire is a local government area located adjacent to the south-eastern coastline of New South Wales , Australia . The Shire was formed in 1981 with the amalgamation of the Municipality of Bega , Imlay Shire and Mumbulla Shire . The estimated population as at the 2016 census was 33,253 . The area extends from Bermagui in the north to the Victorian border in the south and includes the towns of Bega , Tathra , Merimbula , Tura Beach , Wolumla , Cobargo , Bemboka , Pambula , Pambula Beach and the former whaling port , tourism hotspot , and major port of Eden . Smaller localities include :'}]}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Figtree High School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Figtree_High_School', 'summary': 'Figtree High School is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school , located on Gibsons Road in Figtree , a suburb of Wollongong , in the Illawarra region of New South Wales , Australia . Established in 1969 , the school enrolled approximately 900 students in 2018 , from Year 7 to Year 12 , of whom five percent identified as Indigenous Australians and 26 percent were from a language background other than English . The school is operated by the New South Wales Department of Education ; the principal is Daniel Ovens .'}]}, {'value': 'Figtree', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Figtree,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': "Figtree is an inner western suburb of Wollongong , New South Wales , Australia . It is southwest of West Wollongong and connected to Wollongong by the Princes Highway and The Avenue . At the junction of the highway and The Avenue is Figtree Grove , a two-storey indoor shopping centre with a Woolworths , Coles and Kmart . The shopping centre was opened in 1965 . The second story is used by a couple of businesses and a second storey to its carpark facilities . Adjacent to the centre is a park which contains sports facilities , a baby health centre and a small sculpture garden . There is a small commercial district near this junction and another connected area of mainly food stores further north on the highway near the freeway entrance . There is also another commercial area with a chicken food shop , liquor store and video rental store on the east side of the highway at the O'Briens Road junction . Figtree has a hotel , an oval , many specialty stores , a dog park , a private hospital and several schools . A smaller area of residences in Figtree is Figtree Heights , a neighbourhood which is slightly raised above the general level of Figtree . To the suburb 's south between Figtree and Unanderra is Cobbler 's Hill , where houses have been built on its side ."}]}, {'value': 'Wollongong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Wollongong', 'summary': 'The City of Wollongong is a local government area in the Illawarra region of New South Wales , Australia . The area is situated adjacent to the Tasman Sea , the Southern Freeway and the South Coast railway line . Located 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) south of Sydney central business district , the City of Wollongong covers 714 square kilometres ( 276 sq mi ) and occupies a narrow coastal strip bordered by the Royal National Park to the north , Lake Illawarra to the south , the Tasman Sea to the east and the Illawarra escarpment to the west . The Lord Mayor of the City of Wollongong Council is Cr . Gordon Bradbery AM , an independent politician .'}]}, {'value': '1969', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Goulburn High School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goulburn_High_School', 'summary': "Goulburn High School is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school , located in Goulburn , in the Southern Tablelands region of New South Wales , Australia . Established in 1883 as Goulburn Boys ' High School and as Goulburn Girls ' High School , the school enrolled approximately 600 students in 2018 , from Year 7 to Year 12 , of whom seven percent identified as Indigenous Australians and six percent were from a language background other than English . The school is operated by the NSW Department of Education ; the principal is Paul Hogan ."}]}, {'value': 'Goulburn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goulburn,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': "Goulburn /ˈɡoʊlbərn/ is a regional city in the Southern Tablelands of the Australian state of New South Wales , approximately 195 kilometres ( 121 mi ) south-west of Sydney , and 90 kilometres ( 56 mi ) north-east of Canberra . It was proclaimed as Australia 's first inland city through letters patent by Queen Victoria in 1863 . Goulburn had a population of 23,835 at June 2018 . Goulburn is the seat of Goulburn Mulwaree Council . Goulburn is a railhead on the Main Southern line , a service centre for the surrounding pastoral industry , and also stopover for those travelling on the Hume Highway . It has a central park and many historic buildings . It is also home to the monument the Big Merino , a sculpture that is the world 's largest concrete-constructed sheep ."}]}, {'value': 'Goulburn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Goulburn_Mulwaree_Council', 'summary': 'Goulburn Mulwaree Council is a local government area located in the Southern Tablelands region of New South Wales , Australia . The area is located adjacent to the Hume Highway and the Southern Highlands railway line . The estimated resident population of the area stood at 29,609 on 2016 census . The Mayor of Goulburn Mulwaree Council is Bob Kirk .'}]}, {'value': '1913', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Illawarra Senior College', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Port Kembla', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Port_Kembla,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': 'Port Kembla is a suburb of Wollongong 8 km south of the CBD and part of the Illawarra region of New South Wales . The suburb comprises a seaport , industrial complex ( one of the largest in Australia ) , a small harbour foreshore nature reserve , and a small commercial sector . It is situated on the tip of Red Point , first European sighting by Captain James Cook in 1770 . The name Kembla is Aboriginal word meaning plenty [ of ] wild fowl .'}]}, {'value': 'Wollongong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Wollongong', 'summary': 'The City of Wollongong is a local government area in the Illawarra region of New South Wales , Australia . The area is situated adjacent to the Tasman Sea , the Southern Freeway and the South Coast railway line . Located 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) south of Sydney central business district , the City of Wollongong covers 714 square kilometres ( 276 sq mi ) and occupies a narrow coastal strip bordered by the Royal National Park to the north , Lake Illawarra to the south , the Tasman Sea to the east and the Illawarra escarpment to the west . The Lord Mayor of the City of Wollongong Council is Cr . Gordon Bradbery AM , an independent politician .'}]}, {'value': '1961', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Illawarra Sports High School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Illawarra_Sports_High_School', 'summary': 'Illawarra Sports High School is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive and specialist secondary day school , with speciality in sports , located in Berkeley , a southern suburb of Wollongong , in the Illawarra region of New South Wales , Australia . Established in 1956 as the Berkeley High School , the school changed its name in 1998 in line with becoming a sports-oriented school . The Illawarra Sports High School caters for approximately 740 students in 2018 , from Year 7 to Year 12 , of whom 13 percent identified as Indigenous Australians and 27 percent were from a language background other than English . The school draws the majority of its students from the southern Wollongong area ; with an increasing number of students from the larger Illawarra area who access its specialist sports programs . The school is operated by the New South Wales Department of Education ; the principal is Gary Hampton . Illawarra Sports High School is a member of the NSW Sports High Schools Association .'}]}, {'value': 'Berkeley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Berkeley,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': "Berkeley is a suburb of Wollongong , New South Wales . The suburb is located in Wollongong 's southern suburbs , on the northern shore of Lake Illawarra , and is one of the city 's most populous suburbs . At the 2016 census , it had a population of 7,605 ."}]}, {'value': 'Wollongong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Wollongong', 'summary': 'The City of Wollongong is a local government area in the Illawarra region of New South Wales , Australia . The area is situated adjacent to the Tasman Sea , the Southern Freeway and the South Coast railway line . Located 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) south of Sydney central business district , the City of Wollongong covers 714 square kilometres ( 276 sq mi ) and occupies a narrow coastal strip bordered by the Royal National Park to the north , Lake Illawarra to the south , the Tasman Sea to the east and the Illawarra escarpment to the west . The Lord Mayor of the City of Wollongong Council is Cr . Gordon Bradbery AM , an independent politician .'}]}, {'value': '1957', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kanahooka High School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kanahooka_High_School', 'summary': 'Kanahooka High School is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school , located in Kanahooka , 15 kilometres ( 9 mi ) southwest of the city of Wollongong , in the Illawarra region of New South Wales , Australia . Established in 1974 , the school enrolled for approximately 600 students in 2018 , from Year 7 to Year 12 , of whom 16 percent identified as Indigenous Australians and eight percent were from a language background other than English . The school is operated by the NSW Department of Education ; the principal is Christine Toohey . Students are drawn from a catchment area that covers the southwestern part of the City of Wollongong .'}]}, {'value': 'Kanahooka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kanahooka,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': 'Kanahooka is a southern suburb in Wollongong City Council . It has a couple of shops and a playground . Situated on Lake Illawarra is a Park with a playground . It has a public ( Hayes Park Public School ) and high school ( Kanahooka High School ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Wollongong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Wollongong', 'summary': 'The City of Wollongong is a local government area in the Illawarra region of New South Wales , Australia . The area is situated adjacent to the Tasman Sea , the Southern Freeway and the South Coast railway line . Located 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) south of Sydney central business district , the City of Wollongong covers 714 square kilometres ( 276 sq mi ) and occupies a narrow coastal strip bordered by the Royal National Park to the north , Lake Illawarra to the south , the Tasman Sea to the east and the Illawarra escarpment to the west . The Lord Mayor of the City of Wollongong Council is Cr . Gordon Bradbery AM , an independent politician .'}]}, {'value': '1973', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karabar High School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karabar_High_School', 'summary': 'Karabar High School is a government-funded co-educational dual modality partially academically selective and comprehensive secondary day school , located on Donald Road , Karabar , a suburb of Queanbeyan in the Southern Tablelands region of New South Wales , Australia . Established in 1977 , the school enrolled approximately 1,140 students in 2018 , from Year 7 to Year 12 , of whom ten percent identified as Indigenous Australians and 21 percent were from a language background other than English . The school is operated by the NSW Department of Education ; the principal is Andrew Turvey .'}]}, {'value': 'Queanbeyan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Queanbeyan', 'summary': "Queanbeyan /ˈkwiːnbiən/ is a city in south-eastern region of the Australian state of New South Wales , located adjacent to the Australian Capital Territory in the Southern Tablelands region . Located on the Queanbeyan River , the city is the council seat of the Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council . At the 2016 census , the Queanbeyan part of the Canberra-Queanbeyan built-up area had a population of 36,348 . Queanbeyan 's economy is based on light construction , manufacturing , service , retail and agriculture . Canberra , Australia 's capital , is located just 15 kilometres ( 9 miles ) to the west , and Queanbeyan has to some extent become a commuter town . The word Queanbeyan is the anglicised form of Quinbean , an Aboriginal word meaning clear waters . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': 'Queanbeyan-Palerang', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Queanbeyan–Palerang_Regional_Council', 'summary': 'Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council is a local government area located in the Southern Tablelands region of New South Wales , Australia . The council was formed on 12 May 2016 through a merger of the City of Queanbeyan and Palerang Council . The council has an area of 5,319 square kilometres ( 2,054 sq mi ) and lies between the eastern boundary of the Australian Capital Territory and the coastal escarpment on both sides of the Great Dividing Range . At the time of its establishment the council had an estimated population of 56,368 . Following the election on 9 September 2017 , Tim Overall was elected Mayor of Queanbeyan-Palerang Regional Council . Overall was the last Mayor of the Queanbeyan City Council , as an independent , prior to the merger with Palerang .'}]}, {'value': '1977', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Keira Technology High School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Keira_Technology_High_School', 'summary': 'Keira High School ( abbreviated as KHS ) is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school , located in Lysaght Street , North Wollongong , in the Illawarra region of New South Wales , Australia . Established in 1917 as the Wollongong Junior Secondary Technical School at a different location , the school enrolled approximately 900 students in 2018 , from Year 7 to Year 12 , of whom five percent identified as Indigenous Australians and forty percent were from a language background other than English . The school is operated by the New South Wales Department of Education ; the principal is David J. Robson .'}]}, {'value': 'North Wollongong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Wollongong,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': 'North Wollongong is a coastal suburb of the City of Wollongong , New South Wales , Australia . It is immediately to the north of the Wollongong city centre . Although North Wollongong is an official suburb with precise boundaries , the term North Wollongong may be used to refer to northern areas of Wollongong which are not part of the suburb .'}]}, {'value': 'Wollongong', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Wollongong', 'summary': 'The City of Wollongong is a local government area in the Illawarra region of New South Wales , Australia . The area is situated adjacent to the Tasman Sea , the Southern Freeway and the South Coast railway line . Located 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) south of Sydney central business district , the City of Wollongong covers 714 square kilometres ( 276 sq mi ) and occupies a narrow coastal strip bordered by the Royal National Park to the north , Lake Illawarra to the south , the Tasman Sea to the east and the Illawarra escarpment to the west . The Lord Mayor of the City of Wollongong Council is Cr . Gordon Bradbery AM , an independent politician .'}]}, {'value': '1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kiama High School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kiama_High_School', 'summary': 'Kiama High School ( abbreviated as KHS ) is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school , located in the town of Kiama , in the Illawarra region of New South Wales , Australia . Established in 1954 , the school enrolled approximately 1,040 students in 2018 , from Year 7 to Year 12 , of whom four percent identified as Indigenous Australians and eight percent were from a language background other than English . The school is operated by the New South Wales Department of Education ; the principal is Catherine Glover .'}]}, {'value': 'Kiama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kiama,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': 'Kiama /kaɪˈæmə/ is a coastal town 120 kilometres south of Sydney in the Illawarra . One of the main tourist attractions is the Kiama Blowhole . Kiama features several popular surfing beaches and caravan parks , and numerous alfresco cafes and restaurants . Its proximity to the south of Sydney makes it an attractive destination for many day-trippers and people wanting to stay numerous nights .'}]}, {'value': 'Kiama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Municipality_of_Kiama', 'summary': 'The Municipality of Kiama is a local government area in the Illawarra region of New South Wales , Australia . The area is situated south of Shellharbour and the City of Wollongong and is located adjacent to the Pacific Ocean , the Princes Highway and the South Coast railway line .'}]}, {'value': '1954', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Website', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lake Illawarra High School', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lake_Illawarra_High_School', 'summary': 'Lake Illawarra High School is a government-funded co-educational comprehensive secondary day school , located on Reddall Parade , which follows the shores of Lake Illawarra , in the Illawarra region of New South Wales , Australia . Established in 1972 , the school enrolled approximately 519 students in 2018 , from Year 7 to Year 12 , of whom 18 percent identified as Indigenous Australians and eight percent were from a language background other than English . The school is operated by the New South Wales Department of Education ; the principal is Tony Hicks .'}]}, {'value': 'Lake Illawarra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lake_Illawarra,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': 'Lake Illawarra is a suburb of Shellharbour , New South Wales , Australia located on the southern side of the Lake Illawarra entrance .'}]}, {'value': 'Shellharbour', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/City_of_Shellharbour', 'summary': 'The City of Shellharbour is a local government area in the Illawarra region of New South Wales , Australia . The City is located about 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) south of Sydney and covers the southern suburbs of the Wollongong urban area centred on Shellharbour and it had an estimated population of 68,460 at the 2016 census . The area is bordered by the City of Wollongong to the north , with the boundary being the Lake Illawarra entrance ( and the suburb of Lake Illawarra ) and Macquarie Rivulet ( Albion Park Rail ) . The Municipality of Kiama is to the south of the City of Shellharbour . The Mayor of the Shellharbour City Council is Cr . Marianne Saliba , a member of the Labor Party .'}]}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Website', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Public schools -- High schools', 'section_text': "In New South Wales , a high school generally covers Years 7 to 12 in the education system , and a central or community school , intended to provide comprehensive education in a rural district , covers Kindergarten to Year 12 . An additional class of high schools has emerged in recent years as a result of amalgamations which have produced multi-campus colleges consisting of Junior and Senior campuses . While most schools are comprehensive and take in all students of high school age living within the defined school boundaries , some schools are either specialist in a given Key Learning Area , or selective in that they set examinations or other performance criteria for entrance . In the Illawarra and South East regions , Karabar ( in Queanbeyan ) and Smith 's Hill ( in Wollongong ) are selective , whilst Wollongong High School of the Performing Arts and Illawarra Sports High School are specialist . Approximately 2,000 New South Wales students attend schools in the Australian Capital Territory . The Territory has its own education system separate from the New South Wales system . Students who take this option may still apply to enrol in a New South Wales university through the University Admissions Centre upon completing year 12 .", 'uid': 'List_of_schools_in_Illawarra_and_the_South_East_(New_South_Wales)_1', 'intro': 'This is a list of schools in the Illawarra, South Coast, Southern Highlands, Southern Tablelands, Monaro and Snowy Mountains regions of the Australian state of New South Wales. The New South Wales education system traditionally consists of primary schools, which accommodate students from kindergarten to Year 6 (ages 5-12), and high schools, which accommodate students from Years 7 to 12 (ages 12-18).'}
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What is the population of the LGA that houses a school in a suburb roughly 485 kilometers south of Sydney ?
20,707
04d27a539b1dae9c
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Under-18_All-Star_Game_2009', 'title': 'European Under-18 All-Star Game 2009', 'header': ['No', 'Player', 'Position', 'Height'], 'data': [{'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toni Prostran', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toni_Prostran', 'summary': 'Toni Prostran ( born April 9 , 1991 ) is a Croatian professional basketball player , currently playing for Saint-Vallier Basket Drôme in the third-tier French Nationale Masculine 1 . Standing at 1.83 m , he plays at the point guard position .'}]}, {'value': 'PG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Point_Guard', 'summary': "The point guard ( PG ) , also called the one or point , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . A point guard has perhaps the most specialized role of any position . Point guards are expected to run the team 's offense by controlling the ball and making sure that it gets to the right player at the right time . Above all , the point guard must understand and accept their coach 's game plan ; in this way , the position can be compared to a quarterback in American football , a catcher in baseball or a playmaker in soccer ( association football ) . They must also be able to adapt to what the defense is allowing and must control the pace of the game . A point guard , like other player positions in basketball , specializes in certain skills . Their primary job is to facilitate scoring opportunities for their team , or sometimes for themselves . Lee Rose has described a point guard as a coach on the floor , who can handle and distribute the ball to teammates . This involves setting up plays on the court , getting the ball to the teammate in the best position to score , and controlling the tempo of the game . A point guard should know when and how to instigate a fast break and when and how to initiate the more deliberate sets . Point guards are expected to be vocal floor leaders . A point guard needs always to have in mind the times on the shot clock and the game clock , the score , the numbers of remaining timeouts for both teams , etc ."}]}, {'value': '1.85 m', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A . Person', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Point_Guard', 'summary': "The point guard ( PG ) , also called the one or point , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . A point guard has perhaps the most specialized role of any position . Point guards are expected to run the team 's offense by controlling the ball and making sure that it gets to the right player at the right time . Above all , the point guard must understand and accept their coach 's game plan ; in this way , the position can be compared to a quarterback in American football , a catcher in baseball or a playmaker in soccer ( association football ) . They must also be able to adapt to what the defense is allowing and must control the pace of the game . A point guard , like other player positions in basketball , specializes in certain skills . Their primary job is to facilitate scoring opportunities for their team , or sometimes for themselves . Lee Rose has described a point guard as a coach on the floor , who can handle and distribute the ball to teammates . This involves setting up plays on the court , getting the ball to the teammate in the best position to score , and controlling the tempo of the game . A point guard should know when and how to instigate a fast break and when and how to initiate the more deliberate sets . Point guards are expected to be vocal floor leaders . A point guard needs always to have in mind the times on the shot clock and the game clock , the score , the numbers of remaining timeouts for both teams , etc ."}]}, {'value': '1.87 m', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Danilo Anđušić', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Danilo_Anđušić', 'summary': 'Danilo Anđušić ( Serbian : Данило Анђушић ; born 22 April 1991 ) is a Serbian professional basketball player for JL Bourg of LNB Pro A . He also represented the Serbian national basketball team internationally .'}]}, {'value': 'SG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shooting_Guard', 'summary': "The shooting guard ( SG ) , also known as the two or off guard , is one of the five traditional positions in a regulation basketball game . A shooting guard 's main objective is to score points for their team and steal the ball on defense . Some teams ask their shooting guards to bring up the ball as well ; these players are known colloquially as combo guards . A player who can switch between playing shooting guard and small forward is known as a swingman . In the NBA , shooting guards usually range from 6 ' 2 ( 1.88 m ) to 6 ' 7 ( 2.01 m ) , and from 5 ' 8 ( 1.73 m ) to 5 ' 11 ( 1.80 m ) in the WNBA ."}]}, {'value': '1.95 m', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E. Binev', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Small_Forward', 'summary': "The small forward ( SF ) , also known as the three , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Small forwards are typically shorter , quicker , and leaner than power forwards and centers , but typically taller , larger and stronger than either of the guard positions . The small forward is considered to be perhaps the most versatile of the five main basketball positions . In the NBA , small forwards usually range from 6 ' 4 ( 1.93 m ) to 6 ' 8 ( 2.03 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , small forwards are usually between 5 ' 10 ( 1.78 m ) to 6 ' 1 ( 1.85 m ) . Small forwards are responsible for scoring points , defending and often as secondary or tertiary rebounders behind the power forward and center , although a few have considerable passing responsibilities . Many small forwards in professional basketball are prolific scorers . The styles with which small forwards amass their points vary widely . Some players at the position are very accurate shooters , others prefer to initiate physical contact with opposing players , and still others are primarily slashers who also possess jump shots . In some cases , small forwards position on the baseline or as off-the-ball specialists . Small forwards who are defensive specialists are very versatile as they can often guard multiple positions using their size , speed , and strength . Small forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Julius Erving , Cheryl Miller , Larry Bird , Sheryl Swoopes , James Worthy , Elgin Baylor , Scottie Pippen , Dominique Wilkins and Rick Barry ."}]}, {'value': '1.98 m', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'C. Czerapowicz', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Small_Forward', 'summary': "The small forward ( SF ) , also known as the three , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Small forwards are typically shorter , quicker , and leaner than power forwards and centers , but typically taller , larger and stronger than either of the guard positions . The small forward is considered to be perhaps the most versatile of the five main basketball positions . In the NBA , small forwards usually range from 6 ' 4 ( 1.93 m ) to 6 ' 8 ( 2.03 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , small forwards are usually between 5 ' 10 ( 1.78 m ) to 6 ' 1 ( 1.85 m ) . Small forwards are responsible for scoring points , defending and often as secondary or tertiary rebounders behind the power forward and center , although a few have considerable passing responsibilities . Many small forwards in professional basketball are prolific scorers . The styles with which small forwards amass their points vary widely . Some players at the position are very accurate shooters , others prefer to initiate physical contact with opposing players , and still others are primarily slashers who also possess jump shots . In some cases , small forwards position on the baseline or as off-the-ball specialists . Small forwards who are defensive specialists are very versatile as they can often guard multiple positions using their size , speed , and strength . Small forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Julius Erving , Cheryl Miller , Larry Bird , Sheryl Swoopes , James Worthy , Elgin Baylor , Scottie Pippen , Dominique Wilkins and Rick Barry ."}]}, {'value': '1.97 m', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saulius Kulvietis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Saulius_Kulvietis', 'summary': "Saulius Kulvietis ( born February 14 , 1991 ) is a professional Lithuanian basketball player for JDA Dijon Basket of France 's LNB Pro A . He plays for small forward and power forward positions ."}]}, {'value': 'SF / PF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Small_Forward', 'summary': "The small forward ( SF ) , also known as the three , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Small forwards are typically shorter , quicker , and leaner than power forwards and centers , but typically taller , larger and stronger than either of the guard positions . The small forward is considered to be perhaps the most versatile of the five main basketball positions . In the NBA , small forwards usually range from 6 ' 4 ( 1.93 m ) to 6 ' 8 ( 2.03 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , small forwards are usually between 5 ' 10 ( 1.78 m ) to 6 ' 1 ( 1.85 m ) . Small forwards are responsible for scoring points , defending and often as secondary or tertiary rebounders behind the power forward and center , although a few have considerable passing responsibilities . Many small forwards in professional basketball are prolific scorers . The styles with which small forwards amass their points vary widely . Some players at the position are very accurate shooters , others prefer to initiate physical contact with opposing players , and still others are primarily slashers who also possess jump shots . In some cases , small forwards position on the baseline or as off-the-ball specialists . Small forwards who are defensive specialists are very versatile as they can often guard multiple positions using their size , speed , and strength . Small forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Julius Erving , Cheryl Miller , Larry Bird , Sheryl Swoopes , James Worthy , Elgin Baylor , Scottie Pippen , Dominique Wilkins and Rick Barry ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Power_forward_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The power forward ( PF ) , also known as the four , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Power forwards play a role similar to that of center . They typically play offensively with their backs towards the basket and position themselves defensively under the basket in a zone defense or against the opposing power forward in man-to-man defense . The power forward position entails a variety of responsibilities , one of which is rebounding . Many power forwards are noted for their mid-range jump-shot , and several players have become very accurate from 12 to 18 feet ( 3.7 to 5.5 m ) . Earlier , these skills were more typically exhibited in the European style of play . Some power forwards , known as stretch fours , have since extended their shooting range to three-point field goals . In the NBA , power forwards usually range from 6′ 6″ ( 1.98 m ) to 6′ 10″ ( 2.08 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , power forwards are usually between 6′ 0″ ( 1.83 m ) and 6′ 3″ ( 1.91 m ) . Despite the averages , a variety of players fit tweener roles which finds them in the small forward or center position depending on matchups and coaching decisions . [ citation needed ] Some power forwards often play the center position and have the skills , but lack the height that is usually associated with that position . Power forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Karl Malone , Denise Curry , Dolph Schayes , Kevin McHale , Charles Barkley , Elvin Hayes , Bob Pettit , Dennis Rodman , and Katrina McClain Johnson .'}]}, {'value': '1.99 m', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'J. Eilingsfeld', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'PF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Power_forward_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The power forward ( PF ) , also known as the four , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Power forwards play a role similar to that of center . They typically play offensively with their backs towards the basket and position themselves defensively under the basket in a zone defense or against the opposing power forward in man-to-man defense . The power forward position entails a variety of responsibilities , one of which is rebounding . Many power forwards are noted for their mid-range jump-shot , and several players have become very accurate from 12 to 18 feet ( 3.7 to 5.5 m ) . Earlier , these skills were more typically exhibited in the European style of play . Some power forwards , known as stretch fours , have since extended their shooting range to three-point field goals . In the NBA , power forwards usually range from 6′ 6″ ( 1.98 m ) to 6′ 10″ ( 2.08 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , power forwards are usually between 6′ 0″ ( 1.83 m ) and 6′ 3″ ( 1.91 m ) . Despite the averages , a variety of players fit tweener roles which finds them in the small forward or center position depending on matchups and coaching decisions . [ citation needed ] Some power forwards often play the center position and have the skills , but lack the height that is usually associated with that position . Power forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Karl Malone , Denise Curry , Dolph Schayes , Kevin McHale , Charles Barkley , Elvin Hayes , Bob Pettit , Dennis Rodman , and Katrina McClain Johnson .'}]}, {'value': '1.98 m', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Branislav Đekić', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Branislav_Đekić', 'summary': 'Branislav Đekić ( Serbian Cyrillic : Бранислав Ђекић ; born August 12 , 1991 ) is a Serbian professional basketball player who plays for Spars Sarajevo of the Bosnian Championship . At 2.07 m ( 6 ft 9 1⁄2 in ) , he plays at the power forward position .'}]}, {'value': 'PF', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Power_forward_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The power forward ( PF ) , also known as the four , is one of the five positions in a regulation basketball game . Power forwards play a role similar to that of center . They typically play offensively with their backs towards the basket and position themselves defensively under the basket in a zone defense or against the opposing power forward in man-to-man defense . The power forward position entails a variety of responsibilities , one of which is rebounding . Many power forwards are noted for their mid-range jump-shot , and several players have become very accurate from 12 to 18 feet ( 3.7 to 5.5 m ) . Earlier , these skills were more typically exhibited in the European style of play . Some power forwards , known as stretch fours , have since extended their shooting range to three-point field goals . In the NBA , power forwards usually range from 6′ 6″ ( 1.98 m ) to 6′ 10″ ( 2.08 m ) without shoes while in the WNBA , power forwards are usually between 6′ 0″ ( 1.83 m ) and 6′ 3″ ( 1.91 m ) . Despite the averages , a variety of players fit tweener roles which finds them in the small forward or center position depending on matchups and coaching decisions . [ citation needed ] Some power forwards often play the center position and have the skills , but lack the height that is usually associated with that position . Power forwards that are inducted in the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame include Karl Malone , Denise Curry , Dolph Schayes , Kevin McHale , Charles Barkley , Elvin Hayes , Bob Pettit , Dennis Rodman , and Katrina McClain Johnson .'}]}, {'value': '2.05 m', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'P. Neumann', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Center_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The center ( C ) , also known as the five position , or the big man , is one of the five positions in a basketball game . The center is normally the tallest player on the team , and often has a great deal of strength and body mass as well . In the NBA , the center is usually 6 feet 10 inches ( 2.08 m ) or taller and usually weighs 240 pounds ( 110 kg ) or more . They traditionally have played close to the basket in the low post . Centers are valued for their ability to protect their own goal while scoring with high efficiency . In the 1950s and 1960s , George Mikan and Bill Russell were centerpieces of championship dynasties and defined early prototypical centers . With the addition of a three-point field goal for the 1979-80 season , however , NBA basketball gradually became more perimeter-oriented and saw the importance of the center position diminished . A center with the ability to shoot outside from three-point range is known as stretch five .'}]}, {'value': '2.10 m', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dejan Musli', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dejan_Musli', 'summary': 'Dejan Musli ( Serbian Cyrillic : Дејан Мусли ; born January 3 , 1991 ) is a Serbian professional basketball player for MoraBanc Andorra of the Liga ACB . Standing at 7 ft 0 in ( 2.13 m ) , he plays at the center position .'}]}, {'value': 'C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Center_(basketball)', 'summary': 'The center ( C ) , also known as the five position , or the big man , is one of the five positions in a basketball game . The center is normally the tallest player on the team , and often has a great deal of strength and body mass as well . In the NBA , the center is usually 6 feet 10 inches ( 2.08 m ) or taller and usually weighs 240 pounds ( 110 kg ) or more . They traditionally have played close to the basket in the low post . Centers are valued for their ability to protect their own goal while scoring with high efficiency . In the 1950s and 1960s , George Mikan and Bill Russell were centerpieces of championship dynasties and defined early prototypical centers . With the addition of a three-point field goal for the 1979-80 season , however , NBA basketball gradually became more perimeter-oriented and saw the importance of the center position diminished . A center with the ability to shoot outside from three-point range is known as stretch five .'}]}, {'value': '2.13 m', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'European_Under-18_All-Star_Game_2009_0', 'intro': 'European Under-18 All-Star Game 2009 was held on September 18, 2009 in Spodek Arena. Blue Team played against White Team. Both teams consisted of the best European players, which has not more than 18 years.'}
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What is the number of the player who has a birthday on April 9 ?
4
04d2955554ac5ac6
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Royal_Melbourne_Institute_of_Technology_people', 'title': 'List of Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology people', 'header': ['Name', 'Association with RMIT', 'Notability'], 'data': [{'value': 'Prue Acton , OBE', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prue_Acton', 'summary': "Prue Acton , OBE ( born 26 April 1943 ) is an Australian fashion designer , often referred to as Australia 's golden girl of fashion during the 1960s ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Order_of_the_British_Empire', 'summary': 'The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry , rewarding contributions to the arts and sciences , work with charitable and welfare organisations , and public service outside the civil service . It was established on 4 June 1917 by King George V and comprises five classes across both civil and military divisions , the most senior two of which make the recipient either a knight if male or dame if female . There is also the related British Empire Medal , whose recipients are affiliated with , but not members of the order . Recommendations for appointments to the Order of the British Empire were originally made on the nomination of the United Kingdom , the self-governing Dominions of the Empire ( later Commonwealth ) and the Viceroy of India . Nominations continue today from Commonwealth countries that participate in recommending British ( Imperial ) honours . Most Commonwealth countries ceased recommendations for appointments to the Order of the British Empire when they created their own honours . [ a ]'}]}, {'value': 'Dip Textile Design , D Arts ( honoris causa )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'fashion designer and businesswoman', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Peter Alexander', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peter_Alexander_(fashion_designer)', 'summary': 'Peter Alexander is an Australian fashion designer known for pyjamas , loungewear and giftware .'}]}, {'value': 'faculty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'fashion designer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jenny Bannister', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jenny_Bannister', 'summary': 'Jenny Bannister is an Australian fashion designer , based in Melbourne .'}]}, {'value': 'Dip Fashion [ EMC ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'fashion designer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Graham Bennett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Graham_Bennett_(costume_designer)', 'summary': "Graham Stewart Bennett ( 16 December 1933 - 5 November 2004 ) was an Australian production and costume designer , teacher and artist who worked unofficially with Oscar winner John Truscott and later , as a teacher , inspired Oscar winner Adam Elliot . He attended Scotch College from 1945 to 1949 , then studied art and design at RMIT , then taught in secondary schools in Melbourne and Hamilton . While working by day at Broadmeadows Technical College , he worked at night with his flatmate Truscott on the Melbourne production of Camelot , then the British premiere and then the 1967 movie Camelot . Bennett relied on a semi-abstract feel for the set and costume design . The movie was not to have anything that was referenced to any historical period , he says . I saw the movie a few weeks ago , and even today , it 's very modern , a lot of the design work . For the movie , Bennett designed furnishings such as curtains , and tapestries , the patterns on women 's costumes and men 's jackets , and King Arthur and Guinevere 's crowns . Bennett was unable to share the recognition with John Truscott on the Oscar-winning art direction and costume design in Camelot in 1967 . He was not invited to the ceremony as he did not have a green card he was working illegally in the USA , and could not formally share the awards . I was sitting at home in Burbank , watching with the wardrobe lady , and we drank champagne , and when John ( Truscott ) came home , we drank another bottle of champagne . And the next morning at breakfast , we had the Oscars just sitting there , next to the pepper and salt . Bennett said , Every time I see it [ Camelot ] , I see something that I have n't seen before in the detail ."}]}, {'value': 'art classes', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'costume designer , teacher and collaborator with Academy Award -winner John Truscott', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Academy_Award', 'summary': "The Academy Awards , more popularly known as the Oscars , are awards for artistic and technical merit in the film industry . Given annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , the awards are an international recognition of excellence in cinematic achievements as assessed by the Academy 's voting membership . The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette , officially called the Academy Award of Merit , although more commonly referred to by its nickname , the Oscar . The statuette depicts a knight rendered in the Art Deco style . The award was originally sculpted by George Stanley from a design sketch by Cedric Gibbons . AMPAS first presented it in 1929 at a private dinner hosted by Douglas Fairbanks in the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel in what would become known as the 1st Academy Awards . The Academy Awards ceremony was first broadcast by radio in 1930 and was televised for the first time in 1953 . It is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and is now televised live worldwide . It is also the oldest of the four major annual American entertainment awards ; its other three equivalents - the Emmy Awards for television , the Tony Awards for theater , and the Grammy Awards for music - are modeled after the Academy Awards . The 91st Academy Awards ceremony , honoring the best films of 2018 , was held on February 24 , 2019 , at the Dolby Theatre , in Los Angeles , California . The ceremony was broadcast on ABC . A total of 3,096 Oscar statuettes have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 91st ceremony ."}, {'url': '/wiki/John_Truscott', 'summary': 'John Truscott ( 23 February 1936 - 5 September 1993 ) was an Australian actor , production designer , costume designer and artistic director . He won two Academy Awards for his work on the 1967 film Camelot . In the 1980s , he was brought in to complete the interior designs for the theatre complex of the Victorian Arts Centre begun by Sir Roy Grounds . He was also the second Artistic Director of the Melbourne Festival .'}]}, {'value': 'Linda Britten', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linda_Britten', 'summary': 'Linda Britten is an Australian-born fashion designer based in Melbourne , Australia . She has been a name in the fashion world since the 1970s , and has developed several labels , trading under the brand Linda Britten and others . Britten is particularly renowned for her elegant and sophisticated couture evening wear and wedding gowns .'}]}, {'value': 'Dip Fashion [ EMC ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'fashion designer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Linda Jackson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Linda_Jackson_(designer)', 'summary': "Linda Jackson AO ( born 1950 ) is an Australian fashion designer , fashion retailer and artist . She was born in Melbourne , Australia . She studied fashion , design and photography in Melbourne , then travelled in the 1960s in Asia and Europe . She met designer Jenny Kee in 1972 , with whom she established Flamingo Park , a boutique in The Strand Arcade , Sydney in 1973 . She created the Bush Couture and Bush Kids labels . This period also saw Jackson collaborate with artists such as David McDiarmid and Peter Tully , who hand-painted fabrics for Jackson 's dresses and provided jewellery to complement her outfits . She has travelled throughout outback Australia , living and working with Aboriginal communities . She has also exhibited as a painter and photographer . She was one of many Australian artists and fashion designers in the exhibition at the Victoria and Albert Museum , London , Australian Fashion : the Contemporary Art ."}]}, {'value': 'Dip Fashion Design [ EMC ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'fashion designer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toni Matičevski', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toni_Matičevski', 'summary': "Toni Matičevski ( Macedonian : Тони Матичевски ) ( 1976 ) is a Melbourne-based Australian fashion designer . Matičevski 's parents migrated from the then non-independent Republic of Macedonia when it was still part of Yugoslavia . He grew up in Seddon , an inner-Western suburb of Melbourne with a sizable Macedonian community . Matičevski studied fashion at RMIT University graduating with First Class Honours . After graduating he won a Fashion Group International Award resulting in a placement with Donna Karan in New York . Matičevski turned down an extended position at Donna Karan , deeming the power house creatively draining . Matičevski left for Paris to work two seasons at Cerruti . Matičevski returned to Melbourne in 1998 to launch his own label . In 2002 , Matičevski won Best New Designer at the L'Oréal Melbourne Fashion Festival with his debut demi-couture collection . The same year saw his preliminary participation in the Mercedes-Benz Australian Fashion Week spring and summer collections . In 2005 he tied with Kit Willow for the Prix de Marie Claire Best New Designer award . Matičevski designs emotively , rejecting the norm to create such designs as his elegantly skeletal dresses , held together ( or to hold you together ) with a bondage system of raw edged silk straps ."}]}, {'value': 'BA ( Fashion ) ( Hon )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'fashion designer ; former designer with Nino Cerruti and Donna Karan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nino_Cerruti', 'summary': 'Nino Cerruti ( born September 25 , 1930 in Biella , Piedmont , in Italy ) is an Italian businessman and stylist . He founded his own haute couture house , Cerruti , in 1967 in Paris . Today , he manages the Italian family business Lanificio Fratelli Cerruti , which was founded in 1881 by his grandfather .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Donna_Karan', 'summary': 'Donna Karan ( born Donna Ivy Faske ; October 2 , 1948 ) , also known as DK , is an American fashion designer and the creator of the Donna Karan New York and DKNY clothing labels .'}]}, {'value': 'Sruli Recht', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sruli_Recht', 'summary': 'Sruli Recht is a designer and artist based in Reykjavík , Iceland . He was born in Jerusalem , Israel and holds Australian and Icelandic citizenship . Recht studied Fashion Design at RMIT University in Melbourne , Australia . In 2005 Recht left Australia to London where he worked with British designer Alexander McQueen before relocating to Reykjavik , Iceland , where he has been based since 2005 .'}]}, {'value': 'BA ( Fashion )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'fashion designer ; infamous for using Arctic fox fur , seal pelt and whale skin in his designs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arctic_Fox', 'summary': 'The Arctic fox ( Vulpes lagopus ) , also known as the white fox , polar fox , or snow fox , is a small fox native to the Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere and common throughout the Arctic tundra biome . It is well adapted to living in cold environments , and is best known for its thick , warm fur that is also used as camouflage . In the wild , most individuals do not live past their first year but some exceptional ones survive up to 11 years . Its body length ranges from 46 to 68 cm ( 18 to 27 in ) , with a generally rounded body shape to minimize the escape of body heat . The Arctic fox preys on many small creatures such as lemmings , voles , ringed seal pups , fish , waterfowl , and seabirds . It also eats carrion , berries , seaweed , and insects and other small invertebrates . Arctic foxes form monogamous pairs during the breeding season and they stay together to raise their young in complex underground dens . Occasionally , other family members may assist in raising their young . Natural predators of the Arctic fox are golden eagles , polar bears , wolverines , red foxes , wolves , and grizzly bears .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Pinniped', 'summary': 'Pinnipeds , [ a ] commonly known as seals , [ b ] are a widely distributed and diverse clade of carnivorous , fin-footed , semiaquatic marine mammals . They comprise the extant families Odobenidae ( whose only living member is the walrus ) , Otariidae ( the eared seals : sea lions and fur seals ) , and Phocidae ( the earless seals , or true seals ) . There are 33 extant species of pinnipeds , and more than 50 extinct species have been described from fossils . While seals were historically thought to have descended from two ancestral lines , molecular evidence supports them as a monophyletic lineage ( descended from one ancestral line ) . Pinnipeds belong to the order Carnivora and their closest living relatives are believed to be bears and the superfamily of musteloids ( weasels , raccoons , skunks , and red pandas ) , having diverged about 50 million years ago . Seals range in size from the 1 m ( 3 ft 3 in ) and 45 kg ( 99 lb ) Baikal seal to the 5 m ( 16 ft ) and 3,200 kg ( 7,100 lb ) southern elephant seal , which is also the largest member of the order Carnivora . Several species exhibit sexual dimorphism . They have streamlined bodies and four limbs that are modified into flippers . Though not as fast in the water as dolphins , seals are more flexible and agile . Otariids use their front limbs primarily to propel themselves through the water , while phocids and walruses use their hind limbs . Otariids and walruses have hind limbs that can be pulled under the body and used as legs on land . By comparison , terrestrial locomotion by phocids is more cumbersome .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Whale', 'summary': 'Whales are a widely distributed and diverse group of fully aquatic placental marine mammals . They are an informal grouping within the infraorder Cetacea , usually excluding dolphins and porpoises . Whales , dolphins and porpoises belong to the order Cetartiodactyla , which consists of even-toed ungulates . Their closest living relatives are the hippopotamuses , having diverged about 40 million years ago . The two parvorders of whales , baleen whales ( Mysticeti ) and toothed whales ( Odontoceti ) , are thought to have split apart around 34 million years ago . Whales consist of eight extant families : Balaenopteridae ( the rorquals ) , Balaenidae ( right whales ) , Cetotheriidae ( the pygmy right whale ) , Eschrichtiidae ( the grey whale ) , Monodontidae ( belugas and narwhals ) , Physeteridae ( the sperm whale ) , Kogiidae ( the dwarf and pygmy sperm whale ) , and Ziphiidae ( the beaked whales ) . Whales are creatures of the open ocean ; they feed , mate , give birth , suckle and raise their young at sea . So extreme is their adaptation to life underwater that they are unable to survive on land . Whales range in size from the 2.6 metres ( 8.5 ft ) and 135 kilograms ( 298 lb ) dwarf sperm whale to the 29.9 metres ( 98 ft ) and 190 metric tons ( 210 short tons ) blue whale , which is the largest known creature that has ever lived . The sperm whale is the largest toothed predator on earth . Several species exhibit sexual dimorphism , in that the females are larger than males . Baleen whales have no teeth ; instead they have plates of baleen , a fringe-like structure used to expel water while retaining the krill and plankton which they feed on .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Design -- Fashion industry', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_alumni_and_faculty_of_the_Royal_Melbourne_Institute_of_Technology_6', 'intro': "This is a list of Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology people. This list of people includes alumni as well as current and former students and faculty of the Australian (RMIT University) and Vietnamese (RMIT University Vietnam) branches of the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT). It also includes alumni as well as former students and faculty from its antecedents: Melbourne Technical College (MTC) and Working Men's College (WMC); amalgamations with: Emily McPherson College of Domestic Economy (EMC), Melbourne College of Decoration, Melbourne College of Printing and Graphic Art and Melbourne College of Textiles; and merger with Phillip Institute of Technology (PIT)."}
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What is the Association with RMIT of the person who is particularly renowned for her elegant and sophisticated couture evening wear and wedding gowns ?
Dip Fashion [ EMC ]
04d38b252050b0ef
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_Heritage_properties', 'title': 'List of English Heritage properties', 'header': ['Name', 'Type', 'Date', 'Condition', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': 'Cleeve Abbey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cleeve_Abbey', 'summary': "Cleeve Abbey is a medieval monastery located near the village of Washford , in Somerset , England . It is a Grade I listed building and has been scheduled as an ancient monument . The abbey was founded in the late twelfth century as a house for monks of the austere Cistercian order . Over its 350-year monastic history Cleeve was undistinguished amongst the abbeys of its order , frequently ill-governed and often financially troubled . The sole member of the community to achieve prominence was John Hooper , who became a bishop during the Reformation . In 1536 Cleeve was closed by Henry VIII in the course of the Dissolution of the Monasteries and the abbey was converted into a country house . Subsequently , the status of the site declined and the abbey was used as farm buildings until the latter half of the nineteenth century when steps were taken to conserve the remains . In the twentieth century Cleeve was taken into state care ; the abbey is now looked after by English Heritage and is open to the public . Today Cleeve Abbey is one of the best-preserved medieval Cistercian monastic sites in Britain . While the church is no longer standing , the conventual buildings are still roofed and habitable and contain many features of particular interest including the 'angel ' roof in the refectory and the wall paintings in the painted chamber ."}]}, {'value': 'Abbey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abbey', 'summary': 'An abbey is a complex of buildings , a type of monastery used by members of a religious order under the governance of an abbot or abbess . It provides a place for religious activities , work , and housing of Christian monks and nuns . The concept of the abbey has developed over many centuries from the early monastic ways of religious men and women where they would live isolated from the lay community about them . Religious life in an abbey may be monastic . An abbey may be the home of an enclosed religious order or may be open to visitors . The layout of the church and associated buildings of an abbey often follows a set plan determined by the founding religious order . Abbeys are often self-sufficient while using any abundance of produce or skill to provide care to the poor and needy , refuge to the persecuted , or education to the young . Some abbeys offer accommodation to people who are seeking spiritual retreat . There are many famous abbeys across Europe .'}]}, {'value': '1198', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Parts survive', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Located near the village of Washford , Cleeve Abbey was founded as a house for monks of the Cistercian order . It was closed in 1536 and the abbey was converted into a country house', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dunster Butter Cross', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dunster_Butter_Cross', 'summary': 'The Butter Cross in Dunster within the English county of Somerset is a Grade II* listed building and ancient monument . The cross was originally erected in the late 14th or early 15th century in the main street , and was moved to its current site in the late 18th or early 19th century . Although the head of the cross is missing , the shaft and socket stone are original . The cross is in the care of English Heritage and is managed by the National Trust .'}]}, {'value': 'Standing cross', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/High_cross', 'summary': 'A high cross or standing cross ( Irish : cros ard / ardchros , Scottish Gaelic : crois àrd / àrd-chrois , Welsh : croes uchel / croes eglwysig ) is a free-standing Christian cross made of stone and often richly decorated . There was a unique Early Medieval tradition in Ireland and Britain of raising large sculpted stone crosses , usually outdoors . These probably developed from earlier traditions using wood , perhaps with metalwork attachments , and earlier pagan Celtic memorial stones ; the Pictish stones of Scotland may also have influenced the form . The earliest surviving examples seem to come from the territory of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria , which had been converted to Christianity by Irish missionaries ; it remains unclear whether the form first developed in Ireland or Britain . Their relief decoration is a mixture of religious figures and sections of decoration such as knotwork , interlace and in Britain vine-scrolls , all in the styles also found in insular art in other media such as illuminated manuscripts and metalwork . They were probably normally painted , perhaps over a modelled layer of plaster ; with the loss of paint and the effects of weathering the reliefs , in particular scenes crowded with small figures , are often now rather indistinct and hard to read . The earlier crosses were typically up to about two metres or eight feet high , but in Ireland examples up to three times higher appear later , retaining thick massive proportions , giving large surface areas for carving . The tallest of the Irish crosses is the so-called Tall Cross at Monasterboice , County Louth . It stands at seven metres or twenty-two feet high . Anglo-Saxon examples mostly remained slender in comparison , but could be large ; except in earlier Northumbrian examples their decoration is mostly ornamental rather than figures . The crosses often , though not always , feature a stone ring around the intersection , forming a Celtic cross ; this seems clearly an innovation of Celtic Christianity , perhaps at Iona . The term high cross is mainly used in Ireland and Scotland , but the tradition across Britain and Ireland is essentially a single phenomenon , though there are certainly strong regional variations .'}]}, {'value': '15th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ruined', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A transplanted stump of a medieval stone cross , once a meeting place for butter-sellers', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dunster Gallox Bridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gallox_Bridge,_Dunster', 'summary': 'The Gallox Bridge in Dunster , Somerset , England dates from the 15th century . It has been designated as a Grade I listed building and scheduled monument . The bridge is in the guardianship of English Heritage . The stone packhorse bridge crosses the River Avill at the southern end of the village , below Dunster Castle at a point which may have been the limit of tidal flow during the medieval period . It was important for the transport of wool and other goods to the market within the village which was established by 1222 . The name is derived from the nearby gallows . The narrow bridge is approach via a raised causeway for pedestrians , while wheeled traffic uses the adjacent ford .'}]}, {'value': 'Bridge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arch_bridge', 'summary': 'An arch bridge is a bridge with abutments at each end shaped as a curved arch . Arch bridges work by transferring the weight of the bridge and its loads partially into a horizontal thrust restrained by the abutments at either side . A viaduct ( a long bridge ) may be made from a series of arches , although other more economical structures are typically used today .'}]}, {'value': '15th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Complete', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'An ancient stone bridge which once carried packhorses bringing fleeces to Dunster market', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dunster Yarn Market', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yarn_Market,_Dunster', 'summary': 'The Yarn Market in Dunster , Somerset , England was built in the early 17th century . It has been designated as a Grade I listed building and scheduled monument . Dunster was an important market place in the Middle Ages particularly following the construction of Dunster Castle and the establishment of the Priory Church of St George . The market cross was probably built in 1609 by the Luttrell family who were the local lords of the manor to maintain the importance of the village as a market , particularly for wool and cloth . It still bears the damage caused by cannon fire in the Civil War . Nearby was an older cross known as the Butter Cross which has subsequently been moved to the outskirts of the village . The Yarn Market is an octagonal building constructed around a central pier . The tiled roof provides shelter from the rain .'}]}, {'value': 'Market hall', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Market_hall', 'summary': "A Market hall is a covered space or a building where food and other articles are sold from stalls by independent vendors . A market hall is a type of indoor market and is especially common in many European countries . A food hall , the most usual variation of a market hall , is a large section of a department store , where food is sold according to the Oxford Dictionary . Market halls and food halls can also be unconnected to department stores and operate independently , often in a separate building . A modern market hall may also exist in the form of what is nominally a gourmet food hall or a public market , for example in Stockholm 's Östermalm Saluhall or Mexico City 's Mercado Roma . The terms Food hall and Food court must not be confused with each other . A food court means a place where the fast food chain outlets are located in a shopping mall . Unlike food courts made up of fast food chains , food halls typically mix local artisan restaurants , butcher shops and other food-oriented boutiques under one roof . The term food hall in the British sense , meaning an equivalent of a market hall , is increasingly used in the United States . In some Asia-Pacific countries , food hall is equivalent to a North American food court , or the terms are used interchangeably ."}]}, {'value': '17th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Complete', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A 17th-century timber-framed octagonal market hall in the village of Dunster', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Farleigh Hungerford Castle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Farleigh_Hungerford_Castle', 'summary': "Farleigh Hungerford Castle , sometimes called Farleigh Castle or Farley Castle , is a medieval castle in Farleigh Hungerford , Somerset , England . The castle was built in two phases : the inner court was constructed between 1377 and 1383 by Sir Thomas Hungerford , who made his fortune as steward to John of Gaunt . The castle was built to a quadrangular design , already slightly old-fashioned , on the site of an existing manor house overlooking the River Frome . A deer park was attached to the castle , requiring the destruction of the nearby village . Sir Thomass son , Sir Walter Hungerford , a knight and leading courtier to Henry V , became rich during the Hundred Years War with France and extended the castle with an additional , outer court , enclosing the parish church in the process . By Walter 's death in 1449 , the substantial castle was richly appointed , and its chapel decorated with murals . The castle largely remained in the hands of the Hungerford family over the next two centuries , despite periods during the War of the Roses in which it was held by the Crown following the attainder and execution of members of the family . At the outbreak of the English Civil War in 1642 , the castle , modernized to the latest Tudor and Stuart fashions , was held by Sir Edward Hungerford . Edward declared his support for Parliament , becoming a leader of the Roundheads in Wiltshire . Farleigh Hungerford was seized by Royalist forces in 1643 , but recaptured by Parliament without a fight near the end of the conflict in 1645 . As a result , it escaped slighting following the war , unlike many other castles in the south-west of England . The last member of the Hungerford family to hold the castle , Sir Edward Hungerford , inherited it in 1657 , but his gambling and extravagance forced him to sell the property in 1686 ."}]}, {'value': 'Castle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Castle', 'summary': 'A castle is a type of fortified structure built during the Middle Ages predominantly by the nobility or royalty and by military orders . Scholars debate the scope of the word castle , but usually consider it to be the private fortified residence of a lord or noble . This is distinct from a palace , which is not fortified ; from a fortress , which was not always a residence for royalty or nobility ; and from a fortified settlement , which was a public defence - though there are many similarities among these types of construction . Usage of the term has varied over time and has been applied to structures as diverse as hill forts and country houses . Over the approximately 900 years that castles were built , they took on a great many forms with many different features , although some , such as curtain walls , arrowslits , and portcullises , were commonplace . European-style castles originated in the 9th and 10th centuries , after the fall of the Carolingian Empire resulted in its territory being divided among individual lords and princes . These nobles built castles to control the area immediately surrounding them and the castles were both offensive and defensive structures ; they provided a base from which raids could be launched as well as offered protection from enemies . Although their military origins are often emphasised in castle studies , the structures also served as centres of administration and symbols of power . Urban castles were used to control the local populace and important travel routes , and rural castles were often situated near features that were integral to life in the community , such as mills , fertile land , or a water source . Many northern European castles were originally built from earth and timber , but had their defences replaced later by stone . Early castles often exploited natural defences , lacking features such as towers and arrowslits and relying on a central keep . In the late 12th and early 13th centuries , a scientific approach to castle defence emerged .'}]}, {'value': '14th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ruined', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Started in the 14th century , this fortified mansion was occupied for 300 years by the Hungerford family . Much of it was broken up for salvage in the 18th century . The castle chapel was repaired in 1779 and became a museum of curiosities , complete with the murals rediscovered on its walls in 1844', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Glastonbury Tribunal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Tribunal,_Glastonbury', 'summary': "The Tribunal in Glastonbury , Somerset , England , was built in the 15th century as a merchant 's house . It has been designated as a Grade I listed building . The history of the building is not well documented , although the majority of the present stone house was constructed in the 15th century on the site of a 12th-century wooden building . The current front wall was added in the 16th century . It has been used as a merchant 's house and possibly a shop and school . It was thought that it was the venue for court proceedings , hence the title Tribunal , however there is no evidence this ever occurred . One of the ground floor rooms still has the window and ceiling panels from the Elizabethan era . The front room upstairs has an arched braced , wooden , truss roof . The building is currently in the guardianship of English Heritage and used as a tourist information centre . On the first floor is the museum of the Glastonbury Antiquarian Society which houses artefacts from Glastonbury Lake Village including the Glastonbury Bowl . The bottom part of the bowl dates from the Iron Age and the upper part was added in the 1st century AD ."}]}, {'value': 'Town house', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Townhouse', 'summary': 'A townhouse , townhome , town house , or town home as used in North America , Asia , Australia , South Africa and parts of Europe , is a type of terraced housing . A modern town house is often one with a small footprint on multiple floors . In British usage , the term originally referred to the city residence ( normally in London ) of someone whose main or largest residence was a country house .'}]}, {'value': '15th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Complete', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A late 15th-century town house , once mistakenly identified as a courtroom of Glastonbury Abbey . It now houses both the Tourist Information Centre and the Glastonbury Lake Village Museum', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Meare Fish House', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/The_Abbot's_Fish_House,_Meare", 'summary': "The Abbot 's Fish House in Meare , Somerset , England , was built in the 14th century and has been designated as a Grade I listed building and Scheduled Ancient Monument . It is the only surviving monastic fishery building in England . Fishing was an important source of food for the monks of Glastonbury Abbey . Fishing was carried out in artificial ponds , which were mentioned at Meare in the Domesday Book and from the River Brue and Meare Pool . The present rectangular stone building was constructed by the abbot between 1322 and 1335 for the storage and processing of the fish and as a residence for the chief fisherman . After the Dissolution of the Monasteries the building fell into disrepair and it was seriously damaged by fire in the 1880s . Some restoration has been undertaken during the 20th century , including the replacement of the roof in the 1920s ."}]}, {'value': 'Fish house', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fish_house', 'summary': 'An ice shanty ( also called an ice shack , ice house , fishing shanty , fish house , fish coop , bobhouse , ice hut , or darkhouse ) is a portable shed placed on a frozen lake to provide shelter during ice fishing . They can be as small and cheap as a plastic tarp draped over a frame of two-by-fours , or as expensive as a small cabin with heat , bunks , electricity and cooking facilities . More durable ice houses are generally left on a lake for the duration of the ice fishing season , although this can cause problems , such as thaws and re-freezing causing houses to be immoveably frozen onto the lake . Lighter , cheaper versions can collapse into a package to be moved from lake to lake during the season . Many northern communities have developed bodies of laws about the operation of ice shanties - frequently including dates by which they must be removed , even if the ice can still hold them .'}]}, {'value': '14th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Complete', 'urls': []}, {'value': "The only surviving monastic fishery building in England , this housed the Abbot of Glastonbury 's water bailiff and provided facilities for fish-salting and drying", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Muchelney Abbey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Muchelney_Abbey', 'summary': "Muchelney Abbey is an English Heritage property in the village of Muchelney in the Somerset Levels , England . The site consists of ruined walls showing the layout of the abbey buildings constructed from the 7th to 16th and the remaining intact Abbott 's House . It is next to the parish church in which some of the fabric of the abbey has been reused . It comprises the remains and foundations of a medieval Benedictine abbey , the site of an earlier Anglo-Saxon abbey , and an early Tudor house dating from the 16th century , formerly the lodgings of the resident Abbot , which is now a Grade I listed building . The ruins of the abbey have been scheduled as an ancient monument . The abbey was founded in the 7th or 8th century , damaged by Viking raids and rebuilt and refounded in the 10th century . It owned and managed local land . The buildings were expanded from the 12th to 16th centuries until its dissolution in 1538 . Most of the buildings were demolished and the stone used in local buildings , although the Abbot 's House and reredorter survive . Some of the tiles and other decorative features from the monastic church were reused in the adjacent parish Church of St Peter and St Paul . Since 1927 the ruins have been in public ownership ."}]}, {'value': 'Abbey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abbey', 'summary': 'An abbey is a complex of buildings , a type of monastery used by members of a religious order under the governance of an abbot or abbess . It provides a place for religious activities , work , and housing of Christian monks and nuns . The concept of the abbey has developed over many centuries from the early monastic ways of religious men and women where they would live isolated from the lay community about them . Religious life in an abbey may be monastic . An abbey may be the home of an enclosed religious order or may be open to visitors . The layout of the church and associated buildings of an abbey often follows a set plan determined by the founding religious order . Abbeys are often self-sufficient while using any abundance of produce or skill to provide care to the poor and needy , refuge to the persecuted , or education to the young . Some abbeys offer accommodation to people who are seeking spiritual retreat . There are many famous abbeys across Europe .'}]}, {'value': '12th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ruined', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Once a wealthy Benedictine house and the second oldest religious foundation in Somerset , but as part of the dissolution the abbeys principal buildings were demolished by Henry VIII in 1538 . The foundations of the abbey are laid out with parts of the cloister walk and thatched monks lavatory . The 16th century abbots house remains intact', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nunney Castle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nunney_Castle', 'summary': "Nunney Castle is a medieval castle at Nunney in the English county of Somerset . Built in the late 14th century by Sir John Delamare on the profits of his involvement in the Hundred Years War , the moated castle 's architectural style , possibly influenced by the design of French castles , has provoked considerable academic debate . Remodelled during the late 16th century , Nunney Castle was damaged during the English Civil War and is now ruined . English Heritage maintains the site as a tourist attraction . The architectural historian Nikolaus Pevsner has described Nunney as aesthetically the most impressive castle in Somerset ."}]}, {'value': 'Castle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Castle', 'summary': 'A castle is a type of fortified structure built during the Middle Ages predominantly by the nobility or royalty and by military orders . Scholars debate the scope of the word castle , but usually consider it to be the private fortified residence of a lord or noble . This is distinct from a palace , which is not fortified ; from a fortress , which was not always a residence for royalty or nobility ; and from a fortified settlement , which was a public defence - though there are many similarities among these types of construction . Usage of the term has varied over time and has been applied to structures as diverse as hill forts and country houses . Over the approximately 900 years that castles were built , they took on a great many forms with many different features , although some , such as curtain walls , arrowslits , and portcullises , were commonplace . European-style castles originated in the 9th and 10th centuries , after the fall of the Carolingian Empire resulted in its territory being divided among individual lords and princes . These nobles built castles to control the area immediately surrounding them and the castles were both offensive and defensive structures ; they provided a base from which raids could be launched as well as offered protection from enemies . Although their military origins are often emphasised in castle studies , the structures also served as centres of administration and symbols of power . Urban castles were used to control the local populace and important travel routes , and rural castles were often situated near features that were integral to life in the community , such as mills , fertile land , or a water source . Many northern European castles were originally built from earth and timber , but had their defences replaced later by stone . Early castles often exploited natural defences , lacking features such as towers and arrowslits and relying on a central keep . In the late 12th and early 13th centuries , a scientific approach to castle defence emerged .'}]}, {'value': '14th century', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ruined', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A moated castle built in the 1370s . Extensively modernised in the late 16th century , the castle was held for the King during the Civil War , but quickly fell to Parliamentarian cannon in 1645 : not until Christmas Day 1910 , however , did the gun-damaged portion of the wall finally collapse', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Sir Bevil Grenville 's Monument", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Sir_Bevil_Grenville's_Monument", 'summary': "Sir Bevil Grenville 's Monument is a monument erected in 1720 on Lansdown , then called Lansdowne Hill , 4 miles ( 6.4 km ) north-west of the city of Bath , in Somerset , England . It was designated a Grade II* listed building on 1 February 1956 , and a scheduled monument on 12 December 1950 . The monument commemorates the heroism of the Civil War Royalist commander Sir Bevil Grenville ( 1596-1643 ) of Stowe , Kilkhampton in Cornwall and Bideford in Devon , who on 5 July 1643 fell mortally wounded at the Battle of Lansdowne , leading his regiment of Cornish pikemen . It was erected by Grenville 's grandson and has been maintained by his descendants . This has included the repair of inscriptions carved on the base of the monument , eulogising Grenville and his forces ."}]}, {'value': 'Monument', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monument', 'summary': 'A monument is a type of - usually three-dimensional - structure that was explicitly created to commemorate a person or event , or which has become relevant to a social group as a part of their remembrance of historic times or cultural heritage , due to its artistic , historical , political , technical or architectural importance . Some of the first monuments were dolmens or menhirs , megalithic constructions built for religious or funerary purposes . Examples of monuments include statues , ( war ) memorials , historical buildings , archaeological sites , and cultural assets . If there is a public interest in its preservation , a monument can for example be listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site .'}]}, {'value': '1720', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Complete', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Erected on Lansdowne Hill , Bath , to commemorate the heroism of Sir Bevil Grenville and his Cornish pikemen at the Battle of Lansdowne in 1643 ,', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stanton Drew Circles and Cove', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stanton_Drew_stone_circles', 'summary': "The Stanton Drew stone circles are just outside the village of Stanton Drew in the English county of Somerset . The largest stone circle is the Great Circle , 113 metres ( 371 ft ) in diameter and the second largest stone circle in Britain ( after Avebury ) ; it is considered to be one of the largest Neolithic monuments to have been built . The date of construction is not known , but is thought to be between 3000 and 2000 BCE , which places it in the Late Neolithic to Early Bronze Age . It was made a scheduled monument in 1982 . The Great Circle was surrounded by a ditch and is accompanied by smaller stone circles to the northeast and southwest . There is also a group of three stones , known as The Cove , in the garden of the local pub . Slightly further from the Great Circle is a single stone , known as Hautville 's Quoit . Some of the stones are still vertical , but the majority are now recumbent , and some are no longer present . The stone circles have been studied since John Aubrey 's visit in 1664 , and some excavations of the site were performed in the 18th century . In the late 20th and early 21st centuries , geophysical surveys have confirmed the size of the stone circles and identified additional pits and postholes . The Cove has been shown to be around 1000 years older than the stone circles , and so date from 4000-3000 BCE . A variety of myths and legends about the stone circles have been recorded , including one about dancers at a celebration who have been turned to stone ."}]}, {'value': 'Henge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henge', 'summary': 'There are three related types of Neolithic earthwork that are all sometimes loosely called henges . The essential characteristic of all three is that they feature a ring-shaped bank and ditch , with the ditch inside the bank . Because the internal ditches would have served defensive purposes poorly , henges are not considered to have been defensive constructions ( cf . circular rampart ) . The three henge types are as follows , with the figure in brackets being the approximate diameter of the central flat area :'}]}, {'value': 'Neolithic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neolithic', 'summary': 'The Neolithic ( /ˌniːoʊˈlɪθɪk/ ( listen ) , also known as the New Stone Age ) , the final division of the Stone Age , began about 12,000 years ago when the first developments of farming appeared in the Epipalaeolithic Near East , and later in other parts of the world . The division lasted until the transitional period of the Chalcolithic from about 6,500 years ago ( 4500 BC ) , marked by the development of metallurgy , leading up to the Bronze Age and Iron Age . In Northern Europe , the Neolithic lasted until about 1700 BC , while in China it extended until 1200 BC . Other parts of the world ( including the New World ) remained broadly in the Neolithic stage of development until European contact . The Neolithic comprises a progression of behavioral and cultural characteristics and changes , including the use of wild and domestic crops and of domesticated animals . [ a ] The term Neolithic derives from the Greek νέος néos , new and λίθος líthos , stone , literally meaning New Stone Age . The term was coined by Sir John Lubbock in 1865 as a refinement of the three-age system .'}]}, {'value': 'Parts survive', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The three circles and a stone cove near the village of Stanton Drew , are the third largest collection of prehistoric standing stones in England . The Great Circle probably consisted of 30 stones , of which 27 survive today , and was surrounded by the ditch ( now filled in ) of a henge . It lies between two smaller circles , while to the west is a cove of three stones standing in the garden of a public house', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stoney Littleton Long Barrow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stoney_Littleton_Long_Barrow', 'summary': 'The Stoney Littleton Long Barrow ( also known as the Bath Tumulus and the Wellow Tumulus ) is a Neolithic chambered tomb with multiple burial chambers , located near the village of Wellow in the English county of Somerset . It is an example of the Cotswold-Severn Group and was scheduled as an ancient monument in 1882 . It was one of the initial monuments included when the Ancient Monuments Protection Act 1882 became law . The chambered long barrow was built around 3500 BC . Excavations in the early 19th century uncovered bones from several individuals . The stone structure is about 30 metres ( 98 ft ) in length and contains a 12.8 metres ( 42 ft ) long gallery with three pairs of side chambers and an end chamber .'}]}, {'value': 'Megalithic tomb', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Megalithic_tomb', 'summary': 'A megalith is a large stone that has been used to construct a structure or monument , either alone or together with other stones . The adjective megalithic describes structures made of such large stones without the use of mortar [ citation needed ] or concrete , as well as the periods of prehistory characterised by such constructions . There are over 35,000 megaliths in Europe alone , ranging from Sweden to the Mediterranean sea The word was first used in 1849 by the British antiquarian Algernon Herbert in reference to Stonehenge and derives from the Ancient Greek μέγας ( transliteration mégas , meaning great ) and λίθος ( transliteration líthos meaning stone ) . Most known megaliths were erected between the Neolithic period ( although earlier Mesolithic examples are known ) through the Chalcolithic period and into the Bronze Age .'}]}, {'value': 'Neolithic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neolithic', 'summary': 'The Neolithic ( /ˌniːoʊˈlɪθɪk/ ( listen ) , also known as the New Stone Age ) , the final division of the Stone Age , began about 12,000 years ago when the first developments of farming appeared in the Epipalaeolithic Near East , and later in other parts of the world . The division lasted until the transitional period of the Chalcolithic from about 6,500 years ago ( 4500 BC ) , marked by the development of metallurgy , leading up to the Bronze Age and Iron Age . In Northern Europe , the Neolithic lasted until about 1700 BC , while in China it extended until 1200 BC . Other parts of the world ( including the New World ) remained broadly in the Neolithic stage of development until European contact . The Neolithic comprises a progression of behavioral and cultural characteristics and changes , including the use of wild and domestic crops and of domesticated animals . [ a ] The term Neolithic derives from the Greek νέος néos , new and λίθος líthos , stone , literally meaning New Stone Age . The term was coined by Sir John Lubbock in 1865 as a refinement of the three-age system .'}]}, {'value': 'Mostly complete', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A Neolithic chambered tomb with multiple burial chambers , located near the village of Wellow , Somerset . It is an example of the Severn-Cotswold tomb . The barrow is about 30m in length and stands nearly 3m high . Internally it contains a gallery with three pairs of side chambers and an end chamber', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Somerset', 'section_text': 'Main article : List of English Heritage properties in Somerset', 'uid': 'List_of_English_Heritage_properties_33', 'intro': "English Heritage is a registered charity that manages the National Heritage Collection. This comprises over 400 of England's historic buildings, monuments, and sites spanning more than 5,000 years of history. It has direct ownership over some historic sites and also liaises with private owners of sites that are managed under guardianship arrangements. The following is a list of English Heritage properties containing links for any stately home, historic house, castle, abbey, museum or other property in the care of English Heritage."}
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When does it date from property which was built by the Luttrell family ?
17th century
04d3f2ecb46e3fc6
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_2012_Indian_Premier_League_personnel_changes', 'title': 'List of 2012 Indian Premier League personnel changes', 'header': ['Player', 'To', 'Season'], 'data': [{'value': 'TP Sudhindra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/TP_Sudhindra', 'summary': 'TP Sudhindra ( born 24 April 1984 ) is an Indian First Class cricketer . He is a right-arm medium pace bowler who bowls consistently at around 130 km/h and relies on accuracy , and bats left-handed . He is banned from taking part in any official cricket matches after being found guilty of spot-fixing in domestic matches . He played Ranji Trophy for Madhya Pradesh and represented Delhi Giants and Deccan Chargers in the Indian Cricket League ( ICL ) and the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) respectively .'}]}, {'value': 'Deccan Chargers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deccan_Chargers', 'summary': 'The Deccan Chargers ( abbreviated as DC ) were a franchise cricket team based in the city of Hyderabad in the Indian Premier League . The team was one of the eight founding members of the IPL in 2008 and was owned by Deccan Chronicle Holdings Ltd. After finishing last in the first season of the IPL , they won the second season held in South Africa in 2009 under the captaincy of former Australian wicket-keeper and batsman Adam Gilchrist . Gilchrist was the captain of the team for the first three seasons of the IPL . From the fourth season , Kumar Sangakkara led the team and Cameron White played as his deputy . The team was coached by Darren Lehmann , former Australian cricketer . The owners put the franchise up for sale in 2012 due to constant banning of team players in previous seasons but declined the sole bid . On 14 September 2012 , the team was permanently banned by IPL governing council , terminated the Chargers for breaching contract terms . The Sun TV Network won the bid for the Hyderabad franchise , the BCCI confirmed on 25 October 2012 . The new team was named the Sunrisers Hyderabad .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tanmay Mishra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tanmay_Mishra', 'summary': "Tanmay Mishra ( born 22 December 1986 in Mumbai , India ) is a former Kenyan cricketer . He is a right-handed aggressive middle-order batsman and made his One Day International debut for Kenya in 2006 against Zimbabwe at Bulawayo . In 2007 , Tanmay enrolled himself in an Indian University , and this prevented him from making any appearances for the Kenyan national side for the next three years . He returned to the national team in 2010 October . Mishra was bought by the Deccan Chargers ahead of IPL 5 , he has been signed as an 'Indian ' as he has an Indian passport ( India does not allow dual citizenship ) . In the 2014 IPL players auction , he was bought by the Royal Challengers Bangalore for Rs . 10 lakhs . In the domestic circle , he scored his first List A century in 2019 , 13 years after he had played his first domestic one-day match . His ton came in Tripura 's 2019-20 Vijay Hazare Trophy match against Madhya Pradesh.he plyaed in world cup 2011 from kenyan side ."}]}, {'value': 'Deccan Chargers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deccan_Chargers', 'summary': 'The Deccan Chargers ( abbreviated as DC ) were a franchise cricket team based in the city of Hyderabad in the Indian Premier League . The team was one of the eight founding members of the IPL in 2008 and was owned by Deccan Chronicle Holdings Ltd. After finishing last in the first season of the IPL , they won the second season held in South Africa in 2009 under the captaincy of former Australian wicket-keeper and batsman Adam Gilchrist . Gilchrist was the captain of the team for the first three seasons of the IPL . From the fourth season , Kumar Sangakkara led the team and Cameron White played as his deputy . The team was coached by Darren Lehmann , former Australian cricketer . The owners put the franchise up for sale in 2012 due to constant banning of team players in previous seasons but declined the sole bid . On 14 September 2012 , the team was permanently banned by IPL governing council , terminated the Chargers for breaching contract terms . The Sun TV Network won the bid for the Hyderabad franchise , the BCCI confirmed on 25 October 2012 . The new team was named the Sunrisers Hyderabad .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Biplab Samantray', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Biplab_Samantray', 'summary': 'Biplab Samantray ( born 14 December 1988 in Cuttack ) is an Odia cricketer . He is a right-handed bowler and middle order batsman . In first class cricket , he plays for Odisha in Ranji Trophy . He played and captained Katak Barabati Tigers in Odisha Premier League in the inaugural edition and got the Man of the series award . He has played for the Sunrisers Hyderabad in the IPL . He has already led Odisha to a memorable win against Assam in the third round of the 2015 season . He was also a part of the East zone team which won its first ever Duleep trophy in 2011-2012 . In November 2018 , he scored his 3,000th run in first-class cricket , batting for Odisha against Haryana in the 2018-19 Ranji Trophy .'}]}, {'value': 'Deccan Chargers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deccan_Chargers', 'summary': 'The Deccan Chargers ( abbreviated as DC ) were a franchise cricket team based in the city of Hyderabad in the Indian Premier League . The team was one of the eight founding members of the IPL in 2008 and was owned by Deccan Chronicle Holdings Ltd. After finishing last in the first season of the IPL , they won the second season held in South Africa in 2009 under the captaincy of former Australian wicket-keeper and batsman Adam Gilchrist . Gilchrist was the captain of the team for the first three seasons of the IPL . From the fourth season , Kumar Sangakkara led the team and Cameron White played as his deputy . The team was coached by Darren Lehmann , former Australian cricketer . The owners put the franchise up for sale in 2012 due to constant banning of team players in previous seasons but declined the sole bid . On 14 September 2012 , the team was permanently banned by IPL governing council , terminated the Chargers for breaching contract terms . The Sun TV Network won the bid for the Hyderabad franchise , the BCCI confirmed on 25 October 2012 . The new team was named the Sunrisers Hyderabad .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tanmay Srivastava', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tanmay_Srivastava', 'summary': 'Tanmay Manoj Srivastava ( born 7 November 1989 ) is an Indian cricketer . Srivastava was a member of the Indian U-19 cricket team that won the 2008 U/19 Cricket World Cup tournament played in Malaysia . In first-class cricket , he represents Uttar Pradesh . He was the leading run scorer for India in the tournament . Srivastava had been contracted by Kings XI Punjab in the Indian Premier League from 2008 to 2010 . He moved to Kochi Tuskers Kerala for the 2011 season . Since Kochi Tuskers Kerala has been terminated from Indian Premier League , Tanmay moved to Deccan Chargers for the 2012 season .'}]}, {'value': 'Deccan Chargers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deccan_Chargers', 'summary': 'The Deccan Chargers ( abbreviated as DC ) were a franchise cricket team based in the city of Hyderabad in the Indian Premier League . The team was one of the eight founding members of the IPL in 2008 and was owned by Deccan Chronicle Holdings Ltd. After finishing last in the first season of the IPL , they won the second season held in South Africa in 2009 under the captaincy of former Australian wicket-keeper and batsman Adam Gilchrist . Gilchrist was the captain of the team for the first three seasons of the IPL . From the fourth season , Kumar Sangakkara led the team and Cameron White played as his deputy . The team was coached by Darren Lehmann , former Australian cricketer . The owners put the franchise up for sale in 2012 due to constant banning of team players in previous seasons but declined the sole bid . On 14 September 2012 , the team was permanently banned by IPL governing council , terminated the Chargers for breaching contract terms . The Sun TV Network won the bid for the Hyderabad franchise , the BCCI confirmed on 25 October 2012 . The new team was named the Sunrisers Hyderabad .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Akshath Reddy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Akshath_Reddy', 'summary': "Produturi Akshath Reddy ( born 11 February 1991 , Hyderabad ) is an Indian cricket player who plays for Hyderabad in the domestic cricket . He is a right-handed batsman . Reddy made his debut against Rajasthan and was signed up by Deccan Chargers for 2012 Indian Premier League . He was part of the IPL 2013 season with the new owners of the Hyderabad franchise , the Sunrisers Hyderabad . Reddy scored 359 runs at 51 from five matches in the Cooch Behar Trophy , and 316 runs from the same number of games in the Under-22 CK Nayudu Trophy in the 2008-09 season . He was named in the U-19 squad for the 2010 World Cup in New Zealand . Reddy was encouraged by his father , a former volleyball player , to take up sport seriously . Reddy 's idol is India 's great Rahul Dravid and compares his style of play to Australia 's Michael Hussey . In November 2018 , in Hyderabad 's match against Tamil Nadu in the 2018-19 Ranji Trophy , he scored his maiden double-century in first-class cricket . He was the leading run-scorer for Hyderabad in the tournament , with 797 runs in eight matches . In August 2019 , he was named in the India Green team 's squad for the 2019-20 Duleep Trophy ."}]}, {'value': 'Deccan Chargers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deccan_Chargers', 'summary': 'The Deccan Chargers ( abbreviated as DC ) were a franchise cricket team based in the city of Hyderabad in the Indian Premier League . The team was one of the eight founding members of the IPL in 2008 and was owned by Deccan Chronicle Holdings Ltd. After finishing last in the first season of the IPL , they won the second season held in South Africa in 2009 under the captaincy of former Australian wicket-keeper and batsman Adam Gilchrist . Gilchrist was the captain of the team for the first three seasons of the IPL . From the fourth season , Kumar Sangakkara led the team and Cameron White played as his deputy . The team was coached by Darren Lehmann , former Australian cricketer . The owners put the franchise up for sale in 2012 due to constant banning of team players in previous seasons but declined the sole bid . On 14 September 2012 , the team was permanently banned by IPL governing council , terminated the Chargers for breaching contract terms . The Sun TV Network won the bid for the Hyderabad franchise , the BCCI confirmed on 25 October 2012 . The new team was named the Sunrisers Hyderabad .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Syed Quadri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Syed_Quadri', 'summary': 'Syed Ahmed Quadri was an Indian First Class cricketer played for Hyderabad cricket team in domestic cricket . He was also a member of defunct IPL team Deccan Chargers'}]}, {'value': 'Deccan Chargers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deccan_Chargers', 'summary': 'The Deccan Chargers ( abbreviated as DC ) were a franchise cricket team based in the city of Hyderabad in the Indian Premier League . The team was one of the eight founding members of the IPL in 2008 and was owned by Deccan Chronicle Holdings Ltd. After finishing last in the first season of the IPL , they won the second season held in South Africa in 2009 under the captaincy of former Australian wicket-keeper and batsman Adam Gilchrist . Gilchrist was the captain of the team for the first three seasons of the IPL . From the fourth season , Kumar Sangakkara led the team and Cameron White played as his deputy . The team was coached by Darren Lehmann , former Australian cricketer . The owners put the franchise up for sale in 2012 due to constant banning of team players in previous seasons but declined the sole bid . On 14 September 2012 , the team was permanently banned by IPL governing council , terminated the Chargers for breaching contract terms . The Sun TV Network won the bid for the Hyderabad franchise , the BCCI confirmed on 25 October 2012 . The new team was named the Sunrisers Hyderabad .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Veer Pratap Singh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Veer_Pratap_Singh', 'summary': 'Veer Pratap Singh is an Indian cricketer who plays first-class cricket for Chattisgarh He previously played for Cricket Association of Bengal . [ citation needed ] He is a right-arm medium seam bowler . He was also a member of the Kolkata Knight Riders in Indian Premier League . He was born at Nalanda in Bihar .'}]}, {'value': 'Deccan Chargers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deccan_Chargers', 'summary': 'The Deccan Chargers ( abbreviated as DC ) were a franchise cricket team based in the city of Hyderabad in the Indian Premier League . The team was one of the eight founding members of the IPL in 2008 and was owned by Deccan Chronicle Holdings Ltd. After finishing last in the first season of the IPL , they won the second season held in South Africa in 2009 under the captaincy of former Australian wicket-keeper and batsman Adam Gilchrist . Gilchrist was the captain of the team for the first three seasons of the IPL . From the fourth season , Kumar Sangakkara led the team and Cameron White played as his deputy . The team was coached by Darren Lehmann , former Australian cricketer . The owners put the franchise up for sale in 2012 due to constant banning of team players in previous seasons but declined the sole bid . On 14 September 2012 , the team was permanently banned by IPL governing council , terminated the Chargers for breaching contract terms . The Sun TV Network won the bid for the Hyderabad franchise , the BCCI confirmed on 25 October 2012 . The new team was named the Sunrisers Hyderabad .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Atchuta Rao', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Deccan Chargers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deccan_Chargers', 'summary': 'The Deccan Chargers ( abbreviated as DC ) were a franchise cricket team based in the city of Hyderabad in the Indian Premier League . The team was one of the eight founding members of the IPL in 2008 and was owned by Deccan Chronicle Holdings Ltd. After finishing last in the first season of the IPL , they won the second season held in South Africa in 2009 under the captaincy of former Australian wicket-keeper and batsman Adam Gilchrist . Gilchrist was the captain of the team for the first three seasons of the IPL . From the fourth season , Kumar Sangakkara led the team and Cameron White played as his deputy . The team was coached by Darren Lehmann , former Australian cricketer . The owners put the franchise up for sale in 2012 due to constant banning of team players in previous seasons but declined the sole bid . On 14 September 2012 , the team was permanently banned by IPL governing council , terminated the Chargers for breaching contract terms . The Sun TV Network won the bid for the Hyderabad franchise , the BCCI confirmed on 25 October 2012 . The new team was named the Sunrisers Hyderabad .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sneha Kishore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sneha_Kishore', 'summary': 'Sneha Kishore ( born 31 December 1993 ) is an Indian cricketer who plays for Andhra Pradesh . He made his first-class debut on 23 November 2015 in the 2015-16 Ranji Trophy .'}]}, {'value': 'Deccan Chargers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deccan_Chargers', 'summary': 'The Deccan Chargers ( abbreviated as DC ) were a franchise cricket team based in the city of Hyderabad in the Indian Premier League . The team was one of the eight founding members of the IPL in 2008 and was owned by Deccan Chronicle Holdings Ltd. After finishing last in the first season of the IPL , they won the second season held in South Africa in 2009 under the captaincy of former Australian wicket-keeper and batsman Adam Gilchrist . Gilchrist was the captain of the team for the first three seasons of the IPL . From the fourth season , Kumar Sangakkara led the team and Cameron White played as his deputy . The team was coached by Darren Lehmann , former Australian cricketer . The owners put the franchise up for sale in 2012 due to constant banning of team players in previous seasons but declined the sole bid . On 14 September 2012 , the team was permanently banned by IPL governing council , terminated the Chargers for breaching contract terms . The Sun TV Network won the bid for the Hyderabad franchise , the BCCI confirmed on 25 October 2012 . The new team was named the Sunrisers Hyderabad .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pawan Negi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pawan_Negi', 'summary': 'Pawan Negi ( born 6 January 1993 ) is an Indian cricketer . He is a slow left-arm orthodox bowler . He plays for Delhi in the first-class Ranji Trophy competition , and has also played List A and Twenty20 cricket for the team . He played for Delhi Daredevils in the Indian Premier League in 2012 and 2013 and for Chennai Super Kings in 2014 and 2015 .'}]}, {'value': 'Delhi Daredevils', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Delhi_Daredevils', 'summary': "The Delhi Capitals are a franchise cricket team that represents the city of Delhi in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . Founded in 2008 as the Delhi Daredevils , the franchise is jointly owned by the GMR Group and the JSW Group . The team 's home ground is Arun Jaitley Stadium , located in New Delhi . The Delhi Capitals are the only current team to have never appeared in an IPL final and qualified for the IPL playoffs in 2019 for the first time in seven years . The leading run-scorer for the Capitals is Virender Sehwag , while the leading wicket-taker is Amit Mishra ."}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manpreet Juneja', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manpreet_Juneja', 'summary': 'Manpreet Juneja ( born 12 September 1990 ) is an Indian cricketer who plays for Gujarat in domestic cricket . He is a right-handed middle-order batsman . Juneja scored an unbeaten 201 on his first-class debut against Tamil Nadu in December 2011 , becoming only the fourth Indian to score a double-century on first-class debut . T. A. Sekhar , the mentor of IPL franchise Delhi Daredevils , was said to have been tracking Juneja even before his debut and drafted him into the Daredevils squad in January 2012 . Juneja scored 796 runs from 8 matches at an average of 66.33 in the 2012-13 Ranji Trophy . He had three centuries and three fifties to his name in the season . In 2013 he along with Abdulahad Malek set the highest ever 4th wicket partnership in any forms of T20 cricket ( 202* ) Juneja made his IPL debut in 2013 ( 2013 Indian Premier League ) against Kolkata Knight Riders . He was bought by Sunrisers Hyderabad at the 2014 IPL auction . He was part of the Gujarat cricket team that won the Ranji Trophy in 2016-17 where he scored half centuries in both innings . Manpreet with skipper Parthiv Patel helped Gujarat beat defending champions Mumbai in the final in Indore . Gujarat had never reached the finals nor won a Ranji Trophy in over 66 years before that .'}]}, {'value': 'Delhi Daredevils', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Delhi_Daredevils', 'summary': "The Delhi Capitals are a franchise cricket team that represents the city of Delhi in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . Founded in 2008 as the Delhi Daredevils , the franchise is jointly owned by the GMR Group and the JSW Group . The team 's home ground is Arun Jaitley Stadium , located in New Delhi . The Delhi Capitals are the only current team to have never appeared in an IPL final and qualified for the IPL playoffs in 2019 for the first time in seven years . The leading run-scorer for the Capitals is Virender Sehwag , while the leading wicket-taker is Amit Mishra ."}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kuldeep Raval', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuldeep_Raval', 'summary': 'Kuldeep Raval ( born 30 November 1985 , full name Kuldeep Chandrakant Raval ) is an Indian cricketer who plays for Saurashtra . He was born in Muli , Saurashtra , Gujarat . He was brought by Delhi Daredevils for the 2012 Indian Premier League .'}]}, {'value': 'Delhi Daredevils', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Delhi_Daredevils', 'summary': "The Delhi Capitals are a franchise cricket team that represents the city of Delhi in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . Founded in 2008 as the Delhi Daredevils , the franchise is jointly owned by the GMR Group and the JSW Group . The team 's home ground is Arun Jaitley Stadium , located in New Delhi . The Delhi Capitals are the only current team to have never appeared in an IPL final and qualified for the IPL playoffs in 2019 for the first time in seven years . The leading run-scorer for the Capitals is Virender Sehwag , while the leading wicket-taker is Amit Mishra ."}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Miller', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Miller_(South_African_cricketer)', 'summary': 'David Andrew Miller ( born 10 June 1989 ) is a South African cricketer . He is an aggressive left-handed middle order batsman and a right-arm off spin bowler who plays domestic cricket for the Dolphins and is the former captain of the Kings XI Punjab in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) and represents South Africa in both One Day Internationals ( ODIs ) and Twenty20 Internationals . In September 2018 , Miller announced that he would no longer be available to play first-class cricket .'}]}, {'value': 'Kings XI Punjab', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kings_XI_Punjab', 'summary': "The Kings XI Punjab ( KXIP ) are a franchise cricket team based in Mohali ( Chandigarh CR ) , Punjab , that plays in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . Established in 2008 , the franchise is jointly owned by Mohit Burman , Ness Wadia , Preity Zinta and Karan Paul . The team plays its home matches at the PCA Stadium , Mohali . Since the 2010 IPL , they have been playing some of their home games at either Dharamsala or Indore . The Kings XI Punjab 's catchment areas are Kashmir , Jammu , Himachal Pradesh , Punjab and Haryana - evident from the letter sequence K J H P H in the banner of the team 's logo . Apart from the 2014 season when they topped the league table and finished runners-up , the team has made only one other playoff appearance in 12 seasons ."}]}, {'value': '2012-13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gurkeerat Singh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gurkeerat_Singh', 'summary': 'Gurkeerat Singh Mann ( born 29 June 1990 ) is an Indian cricketer who plays as a lower-order batsman for Punjab in domestic cricket . A right-handed batsman and off break bowler , he is a member of the Royal Challengers Bangalore in IPL and a regular in India A team . Singh had a maiden call for the official Indian squad for the South Africa series in 2015 . He made his One Day International debut for India against Australia on 17 January 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'Kings XI Punjab', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kings_XI_Punjab', 'summary': "The Kings XI Punjab ( KXIP ) are a franchise cricket team based in Mohali ( Chandigarh CR ) , Punjab , that plays in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . Established in 2008 , the franchise is jointly owned by Mohit Burman , Ness Wadia , Preity Zinta and Karan Paul . The team plays its home matches at the PCA Stadium , Mohali . Since the 2010 IPL , they have been playing some of their home games at either Dharamsala or Indore . The Kings XI Punjab 's catchment areas are Kashmir , Jammu , Himachal Pradesh , Punjab and Haryana - evident from the letter sequence K J H P H in the banner of the team 's logo . Apart from the 2014 season when they topped the league table and finished runners-up , the team has made only one other playoff appearance in 12 seasons ."}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Parvinder Awana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Parvinder_Awana', 'summary': 'Parvinder Awana ( born 19 July 1986 ) is an Indian former first-class cricketer who played for Delhi in domestic cricket . He belongs to Gurjar community . He is a right-arm medium pace bowler . He was picked in the national squad for the fourth Test against England and made his Twenty20 International debut against the touring English side on 21 December 2012 . In July 2018 , he retired from all forms of cricket .'}]}, {'value': 'Kings XI Punjab', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kings_XI_Punjab', 'summary': "The Kings XI Punjab ( KXIP ) are a franchise cricket team based in Mohali ( Chandigarh CR ) , Punjab , that plays in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . Established in 2008 , the franchise is jointly owned by Mohit Burman , Ness Wadia , Preity Zinta and Karan Paul . The team plays its home matches at the PCA Stadium , Mohali . Since the 2010 IPL , they have been playing some of their home games at either Dharamsala or Indore . The Kings XI Punjab 's catchment areas are Kashmir , Jammu , Himachal Pradesh , Punjab and Haryana - evident from the letter sequence K J H P H in the banner of the team 's logo . Apart from the 2014 season when they topped the league table and finished runners-up , the team has made only one other playoff appearance in 12 seasons ."}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chirag Jani', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chirag_Jani', 'summary': 'Chirag Sureshbhai Jani ( born 9 November 1989 ) is an Indian cricketer who plays for Saurashtra in domestic cricket . He is a right-hand batsman and right-arm medium pace bowler .'}]}, {'value': 'Kolkata Knight Riders', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kolkata_Knight_Riders', 'summary': 'The Kolkata Knight Riders ( also known by the acronym KKR ) are a franchise cricket team representing the city of Kolkata in the Indian Premier League . The franchise is owned by Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan , actress Juhi Chawla and her spouse Jay Mehta . The home of the Knight Riders is the iconic Eden Gardens stadium . The franchise , which has gained immense popularity due to its association with celebrity owners , qualified for the IPL playoffs for the first time in 2011 . This also gave them the eligibility to play in the Champions League Twenty20 . They eventually became the IPL champions in 2012 , by defeating Chennai Super Kings in the final . They repeated the feat in 2014 , defeating Kings XI Punjab . The Knight Riders hold the record for the longest winning streak by any Indian team in T20s ( 14 ) . The leading run-scorer of the side is Gautam Gambhir , while the leading wicket-taker is Sunil Narine . The official theme of the team is Korbo , Lorbo , Jeetbo Re ( we will perform , fight and win ! ) and the official colours are purple and gold . The brand value of the Knight Riders was estimated at $ 104 million in 2018 , second highest among IPL franchises .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sanju Samson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sanju_Samson', 'summary': 'Sanju Viswanath Samson ( born 11 November 1994 ) is an Indian cricketer who represents Rajasthan Royals in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) and the Indian national cricket team . A wicket-keeper/right-handed batsman , he made his Twenty20 International debut for India against Zimbabwe on 19 July 2015 . He is the youngest batsman to score 1,000 runs in the IPL and the youngest cricketer to captain a Ranji trophy side . He represents the Kerala cricket team in domestic cricket . He is the youngest player to score a half-century in the IPL and Champions League Twenty20 . He achieved this on 29 April 2013 in the match between Rajasthan Royals and Royal Challengers Bangalore at the age of 18 . Sanju was adjudged as the Best Young Player of the Season in the 2013 IPL through an official poll . He was appointed the Vice-captain of the India U-19 team for the 2013 Top End Under-19 Series in Australia . He was included in the Indian squad for the limited overs matches in the 2014 tour of England . Sanju became the first wicket keeper batsman to score a double hundred in Vijay Hazare Trophy.He scored an unbeaten 212 for Kerala against Goa.This is also the highest score in Vijay Hazare Trophy and fastest double hundred in List A cricket'}]}, {'value': 'Kolkata Knight Riders', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kolkata_Knight_Riders', 'summary': 'The Kolkata Knight Riders ( also known by the acronym KKR ) are a franchise cricket team representing the city of Kolkata in the Indian Premier League . The franchise is owned by Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan , actress Juhi Chawla and her spouse Jay Mehta . The home of the Knight Riders is the iconic Eden Gardens stadium . The franchise , which has gained immense popularity due to its association with celebrity owners , qualified for the IPL playoffs for the first time in 2011 . This also gave them the eligibility to play in the Champions League Twenty20 . They eventually became the IPL champions in 2012 , by defeating Chennai Super Kings in the final . They repeated the feat in 2014 , defeating Kings XI Punjab . The Knight Riders hold the record for the longest winning streak by any Indian team in T20s ( 14 ) . The leading run-scorer of the side is Gautam Gambhir , while the leading wicket-taker is Sunil Narine . The official theme of the team is Korbo , Lorbo , Jeetbo Re ( we will perform , fight and win ! ) and the official colours are purple and gold . The brand value of the Knight Riders was estimated at $ 104 million in 2018 , second highest among IPL franchises .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iresh Saxena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iresh_Saxena', 'summary': 'Iresh Saxena ( born 14 March 1984 in Faridabad , Haryana ) is a Bengal cricketer who made his debut against Madhya Pradesh against Bengal at Gwalior , 10-13 November 2008 . He was signed on Indian Premier League for Kolkata Knight Riders .'}]}, {'value': 'Kolkata Knight Riders', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kolkata_Knight_Riders', 'summary': 'The Kolkata Knight Riders ( also known by the acronym KKR ) are a franchise cricket team representing the city of Kolkata in the Indian Premier League . The franchise is owned by Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan , actress Juhi Chawla and her spouse Jay Mehta . The home of the Knight Riders is the iconic Eden Gardens stadium . The franchise , which has gained immense popularity due to its association with celebrity owners , qualified for the IPL playoffs for the first time in 2011 . This also gave them the eligibility to play in the Champions League Twenty20 . They eventually became the IPL champions in 2012 , by defeating Chennai Super Kings in the final . They repeated the feat in 2014 , defeating Kings XI Punjab . The Knight Riders hold the record for the longest winning streak by any Indian team in T20s ( 14 ) . The leading run-scorer of the side is Gautam Gambhir , while the leading wicket-taker is Sunil Narine . The official theme of the team is Korbo , Lorbo , Jeetbo Re ( we will perform , fight and win ! ) and the official colours are purple and gold . The brand value of the Knight Riders was estimated at $ 104 million in 2018 , second highest among IPL franchises .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Debabrata Das', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Debabrata_Das', 'summary': "Debabrata Das is a cricketer who plays domestic cricket for Bengal and the IPL franchise Kolkata Knight Riders ( KKR ) . Das first came to prominence as the member of the Indian Under-19 team in 2005 . One of the older members of the Indian U19 World Cup squad which was defeated by Pakistan in the 2006 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup final , this right-handed batsman only broke into the team during the Afro-Asia U19 Cup in November 2005 . He obviously did enough to impress the selectors as he played in every match and scored 156 runs in his six innings to date . However , he was unable to make the transition to the senior national team despite good performances for Bengal in the domestic one-day competition . In 2008 , Das made his T20 debut for the Kolkata Knight Riders . He has played with the team in all the 5 seasons so far impressing the critics with performances like 29 ( 20 balls ) versus Mumbai Indians in 2008 and 35* ( 23 balls ) against King 's XI Punjab in 2012 . His best performance for his franchise came in the 2012 Champions League T20 tournament when he smashed 43* in just 19 balls against Nashua Titans . He remains an integral part of the KKR side . He was released by Kolkata Knight Riders on 5 December 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Kolkata Knight Riders', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kolkata_Knight_Riders', 'summary': 'The Kolkata Knight Riders ( also known by the acronym KKR ) are a franchise cricket team representing the city of Kolkata in the Indian Premier League . The franchise is owned by Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan , actress Juhi Chawla and her spouse Jay Mehta . The home of the Knight Riders is the iconic Eden Gardens stadium . The franchise , which has gained immense popularity due to its association with celebrity owners , qualified for the IPL playoffs for the first time in 2011 . This also gave them the eligibility to play in the Champions League Twenty20 . They eventually became the IPL champions in 2012 , by defeating Chennai Super Kings in the final . They repeated the feat in 2014 , defeating Kings XI Punjab . The Knight Riders hold the record for the longest winning streak by any Indian team in T20s ( 14 ) . The leading run-scorer of the side is Gautam Gambhir , while the leading wicket-taker is Sunil Narine . The official theme of the team is Korbo , Lorbo , Jeetbo Re ( we will perform , fight and win ! ) and the official colours are purple and gold . The brand value of the Knight Riders was estimated at $ 104 million in 2018 , second highest among IPL franchises .'}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rahul Shukla', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rahul_Shukla', 'summary': 'Rahul Shukla ( born 28 August 1990 ) is an Indian first-class cricketer from Jaunpur district who plays for Jharkhand in domestic cricket . He is a right-arm fast-medium bowler . He was part of the Mumbai Indians squad from 2010 to 2012 . He was signed up by the Rajasthan Royals in 2013 . In a match played between Rajasthan Royals and Otago Volts in CLT20 on 1 October 2013 , he was named man of the match for taking 3 wickets . In February 2019 , in the 2018-19 Syed Mushtaq Ali Trophy , he took his first five-wicket haul in a T20 match .'}]}, {'value': 'Mumbai Indians', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mumbai_Indians', 'summary': "The Mumbai Indians ( abbreviated as MI ) are a franchise cricket team based in the city of Mumbai , Maharashtra , that play in the Indian Premier League ( IPL ) . Founded in 2008 , the team is owned by India 's biggest conglomerate , Reliance Industries , through its 100% subsidiary IndiaWin Sports . Since its establishment , the team has played its home matches in the 33,108-capacity Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai . In 2017 , the Mumbai Indians became the first franchise to cross the $ 100 million mark in brand value among the IPL franchises . The brand value of Mumbai Indians , in 2019 , is estimated to be around ₹809 crore ( roughly $ 115 million ) , the highest among all the IPL franchises for the fourth consecutive year . Mumbai Indians is the most successful team in the IPL . They won the 2011 Champions League Twenty20 after beating Royal Challengers Bangalore by 31 runs in the final . The team won the double by winning its first IPL title , in 2013 , by defeating Chennai Super Kings by 23 runs in the final , and then defeated the Rajasthan Royals by 33 runs to win its second Champions League Twenty20 title later that year . They won their second IPL title on 24 May 2015 by defeating the Chennai Super Kings by 41 runs in the final and became the third team to win more than one IPL title . On 21 May 2017 , they won their third IPL title by defeating the Rising Pune Supergiant by 1 run in a thrilling final , thus becoming the first team to win three IPL titles . While playing the tournament , they won their 100th T20 , becoming the first team to do so . In 2019 , they repeated the same feat as they won a record breaking fourth IPL title , by beating CSK by just 1 run on 12th May , 2019 in IPL Final ."}]}, {'value': '2012', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'New additions', 'section_text': 'The following players were either retained who played for the team last year as a replacement or a local Indian player who is selected to play for them without going into the auction .', 'uid': 'List_of_2012_Indian_Premier_League_personnel_changes_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of all personnel changes for the 2012 Indian Premier League.'}
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Which team received the trade of the player who is a slow left-arm orthodox bowler ?
Delhi Daredevils
04d5eb68de3f008c
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_in_Tulsa,_Oklahoma', 'title': 'Media in Tulsa, Oklahoma', 'header': ['Freq', 'Callsign', 'Nickname', 'Format', 'Owner', 'Web site'], 'data': [{'value': '88.1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KDIM', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KDIM', 'summary': 'KDIM ( 88.1 FM ) is a radio station broadcasting a religious music format . Licensed to Coweta , Oklahoma , United States , the station serves the Tulsa area . The station is currently owned by David Ingles Ministries , Inc .'}]}, {'value': 'Oasis Network', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Religious', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Creative Educational Media Corp. Inc', 'urls': []}, {'value': '[ 1 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '88.7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KWTU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KWTU', 'summary': "KWTU is a classical music radio station in Tulsa , Oklahoma . Most of the station 's classical programming comes from American Public Media 's Classical 24 , a 24-hour national service . KWTU is owned and operated by The University of Tulsa which also owns NPR station KWGS . According to the Tulsa World , 88.7 MHz was the last open frequency on the FM dial in Tulsa and KWTU 's 5,000 watt signal is the maximum allowed by the FCC under the current market conditions . KWTU is a Class C2 FM radio station . KWTU is licensed by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission to broadcast in the HD ( hybrid ) format ."}]}, {'value': 'Classical 88.7 , KWTU', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Classical', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/European_classical_music', 'summary': 'Classical music is art music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western culture , including both liturgical ( religious ) and secular music . While a more precise term is also used to refer to the period from 1750 to 1820 ( the Classical period ) , this article is about the broad span of time from before the 6th century AD to the present day , which includes the Classical period and various other periods . The central norms of this tradition became codified between 1550 and 1900 , which is known as the common-practice period .'}]}, {'value': 'University of Tulsa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Tulsa', 'summary': "The University of Tulsa ( TU ) is a private research university in Tulsa , Oklahoma , United States . TU has an historic affiliation with the Presbyterian Church and the campus architectural style is predominantly Collegiate Gothic . The University of Tulsa manages the Gilcrease Museum , which includes one of the largest collections of American Western art and indigenous American artifacts in the world . In 2016 , Tulsa acquired The Bob Dylan Archive and is developing a museum nearby in downtown Tulsa to display pieces from this collection . TU also hosts the Tulsa Studies in Women 's Literature , founded by former TU professor and noted feminist critic Germaine Greer ( now at the University of Cambridge ) . TU 's athletic teams are collectively known as the Tulsa Golden Hurricane and compete in Division I of the NCAA as members of the American Athletic Conference ( The American ) ."}]}, {'value': '[ 2 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '89.1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KWRI', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KWRI_(FM)', 'summary': 'The following is a list of radio stations and translators in the United States broadcasting Air1 programming , which can be sorted by their call signs , frequencies , state , city of license and broadcast area .'}]}, {'value': 'Air1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christian Worship Music', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Contemporary_worship_music', 'summary': 'Contemporary worship music ( CWM ) , also known as praise and worship music , is a defined genre of Christian music used in contemporary worship . It has developed over the past sixty years and is stylistically similar to pop music . The songs are frequently referred to as praise songs or worship songs and are typically led by a worship band or praise team , with either a guitarist or pianist leading . It has become a common genre of music sung in many churches , particularly in charismatic or non-denominational Protestant churches with some Roman Catholic congregations incorporating it into their mass as well .'}]}, {'value': 'Educational Media Foundation', 'urls': []}, {'value': '[ 3 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '89.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KWGS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KWGS', 'summary': "KWGS 89.5 FM is the flagship National Public Radio station in Tulsa , Oklahoma . The station was Oklahoma 's first FM radio station and is one of two stations operated by the University of Tulsa . The station was established in 1947 through the initiative of TU speech professor Ben Graf Henneke , later president of the university . The call letters are the initials of Tulsa oil man and philanthropist William G. Skelly , who provided the funding . TU 's other radio station is a classical music station , KWTU . KWGS is licensed by the U.S. Federal Communications Commission to broadcast in the HD ( hybrid ) format ."}]}, {'value': 'Public Radio Tulsa', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'NPR / BBC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NPR', 'summary': "National Public Radio ( NPR , stylized as npr ) is a privately and publicly funded American non-profit membership media organization based in Washington , D.C. NPR differs from other non-profit membership media organizations , such as AP , in that it was established by an act of Congress and most of its member stations are owned by government entities ( often public universities ) . It serves as a national syndicator to a network of over 1,000 public radio stations in the United States . NPR produces and distributes news and cultural programming . Individual public radio stations are not required to broadcast all NPR programs ; most broadcast a mix of NPR programs , content from American Public Media , Public Radio International , Public Radio Exchange , WNYC Studios , and locally produced programs . The organization 's flagship shows are two drive-time news broadcasts , Morning Edition and the afternoon All Things Considered ; both are carried by most NPR member stations , and are among the most popular radio programs in the country . As of March 2018 [ update ] , the drive time programs attract an audience of 14.9 million and 14.7 million respectively . NPR manages the Public Radio Satellite System , which distributes NPR programs and other programming from independent producers and networks such as American Public Media and Public Radio International . Its content is also available on-demand online , on mobile networks , and , in many cases , as podcasts ."}, {'url': '/wiki/BBC', 'summary': "The British Broadcasting Corporation ( BBC ) is a British public service broadcaster . Its headquarters are at Broadcasting House in Westminster , London . It is the world 's oldest national broadcaster , and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees . It employs over 22,000 staff in total , more than 16,000 of whom are in public sector broadcasting . The total number of staff is 35,402 when part-time , flexible , and fixed-contract staff are included . The BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Digital , Culture , Media and Sport . Its work is funded principally by an annual television licence fee which is charged to all British households , companies , and organisations using any type of equipment to receive or record live television broadcasts and iPlayer catch-up . The fee is set by the British Government , agreed by Parliament , and used to fund the BBC 's radio , TV , and online services covering the nations and regions of the UK . Since 1 April 2014 , it has also funded the BBC World Service ( launched in 1932 as the BBC Empire Service ) , which broadcasts in 28 languages and provides comprehensive TV , radio , and online services in Arabic and Persian . Around a quarter of BBC 's revenue comes from its commercial subsidiary BBC Studios ( formerly BBC Worldwide ) , which sells BBC programmes and services internationally and also distributes the BBC 's international 24-hour English-language news services BBC World News , and from BBC.com , provided by BBC Global News Ltd . In 2009 , the company was awarded the Queen 's Award for Enterprise in recognition of its international achievements . From its inception , through the Second World War ( where its broadcasts helped to unite the nation ) , to the 21st century , the BBC has played a prominent role in British life and culture ."}]}, {'value': 'University of Tulsa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Tulsa', 'summary': "The University of Tulsa ( TU ) is a private research university in Tulsa , Oklahoma , United States . TU has an historic affiliation with the Presbyterian Church and the campus architectural style is predominantly Collegiate Gothic . The University of Tulsa manages the Gilcrease Museum , which includes one of the largest collections of American Western art and indigenous American artifacts in the world . In 2016 , Tulsa acquired The Bob Dylan Archive and is developing a museum nearby in downtown Tulsa to display pieces from this collection . TU also hosts the Tulsa Studies in Women 's Literature , founded by former TU professor and noted feminist critic Germaine Greer ( now at the University of Cambridge ) . TU 's athletic teams are collectively known as the Tulsa Golden Hurricane and compete in Division I of the NCAA as members of the American Athletic Conference ( The American ) ."}]}, {'value': '[ 4 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '90.1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KJZT-LP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KJZT-LP', 'summary': 'KJZT-LP ( 90.1 FM , Jazz Tulsa ) is an American low-power radio station in Tulsa , Oklahoma broadcasting a smooth jazz format .'}]}, {'value': 'Jazz Tulsa', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jazz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jazz', 'summary': "Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans , United States . It originated in the late 19th and early 20th centuries , and developed from roots in blues and ragtime . Jazz is seen by many as America 's classical music . Since the 1920s Jazz Age , jazz has become recognized as a major form of musical expression . It then emerged in the form of independent traditional and popular musical styles , all linked by the common bonds of African-American and European-American musical parentage with a performance orientation . Jazz is characterized by swing and blue notes , call and response vocals , polyrhythms and improvisation . Jazz has roots in West African cultural and musical expression , and in African-American music traditions including blues and ragtime , as well as European military band music . Intellectuals around the world have hailed jazz as one of America 's original art forms . As jazz spread around the world , it drew on national , regional , and local musical cultures , which gave rise to different styles . New Orleans jazz began in the early 1910s , combining earlier brass-band marches , French quadrilles , biguine , ragtime and blues with collective polyphonic improvisation . In the 1930s , heavily arranged dance-oriented swing big bands , Kansas City jazz , a hard-swinging , bluesy , improvisational style and Gypsy jazz ( a style that emphasized musette waltzes ) were the prominent styles . Bebop emerged in the 1940s , shifting jazz from danceable popular music toward a more challenging musician 's music which was played at faster tempos and used more chord-based improvisation ."}]}, {'value': 'Tulsa Community Radio , Inc', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '90.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KNYD', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KNYD', 'summary': 'KNYD ( 90.5 FM ) is a radio station broadcasting a Christian radio format . Licensed to Broken Arrow , Oklahoma , United States , the station serves multiple markets through a series of broadcast translators and repeater stations . The station is currently owned by David Ingles Ministries , Inc .'}]}, {'value': 'Oasis Network', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Religious', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Creative Educational Media Corp. Inc', 'urls': []}, {'value': '[ 5 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '91.3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KRSC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KRSC-FM', 'summary': 'KRSC-FM ( 91.3 FM ) is a student-run college radio station at Rogers State University licensed to Claremore , Oklahoma serving the Tulsa , Oklahoma , area . It broadcasts 24 hours a day at 2200 watts .'}]}, {'value': 'RSU Radio', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'College Radio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/College_Radio', 'summary': 'Campus radio ( also known as college radio , university radio or student radio ) is a type of radio station that is run by the students of a college , university or other educational institution . Programming may be exclusively by students , or may include programmers from the wider community in which the radio station is based . Sometimes campus radio stations are operated for the purpose of training professional radio personnel , sometimes with the aim of broadcasting educational programming , while other radio stations exist to provide alternative to commercial broadcasting or government broadcasters . Campus radio stations are generally licensed and regulated by national governments , and have very different characteristics from one country to the next . One commonality between many radio stations regardless of their physical location is a willingness - or , in some countries , even a licensing requirement - to broadcast musical selections that are not categorized as commercial hits . Because of this , campus radio has come to be associated with emerging musical trends , including genres such as punk and new wave , alternative rock , indie rock and hip hop , long before those genres become part of the musical mainstream . Campus radio stations also often provide airplay and promotional exposure to new and emerging local artists . Campus radio supported U2 and REM Many campus radio stations carry a variety of programming including news ( often local ) , sports ( often relating to the campus ) , and spoken word programming as well as general music . Often the radio format is best described as a freeform , with a lot of creativity and individualism among the disc jockeys and show hosts . A number of these radio stations have gained critical acclaim for their programming and are considered by the community in which they are embedded to be an essential media outlet . Although the term campus radio implies full-power AM or FM transmission over the air , many radio stations experiment with low-power broadcasting , closed circuit or carrier current systems , often to on-campus listeners only . Some radio stations are distributed through the cable television system on cable FM or the second audio program of a TV radio station .'}]}, {'value': 'Rogers State University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rogers_State_University', 'summary': 'Rogers State University is a public university in Claremore , Oklahoma . It also has branch campuses in Bartlesville , Oklahoma , and Pryor Creek , Oklahoma .'}]}, {'value': '[ 6 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '92.1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KTBT', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KTBT', 'summary': 'KTBT ( 92.1 The Beat ) is a Top 40 ( CHR ) radio station , serving the Tulsa area . The iHeartMedia outlet broadcasts at 92.1 MHz with an ERP of 27 kW and is licensed to Broken Arrow , Oklahoma . The station can be heard as far north as southeast Kansas . Its studios are located at the Tulsa Event Center in Southeast Tulsa and its transmitter site is near Lookout Mountain in southwest Tulsa . KTBT broadcasts in the HD digital format .'}]}, {'value': '92.1 The Beat', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rhythmic Top 40', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rhythmic_Top_40', 'summary': 'The Rhythmic chart ( also called Rhythmic Songs , and previously named Rhythmic Airplay , Rhythmic Top 40 and CHR/Rhythmic ) is an airplay chart published weekly by Billboard magazine . The chart tracks and measures the airplay of songs played on rhythmic radio stations , whose playlist includes mostly hit-driven R & B/hip-hop , rhythmic pop , and some dance tracks . Nielsen Audio sometimes refers to the format as rhythmic contemporary hit radio .'}]}, {'value': 'iHeartMedia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/IHeartMedia', 'summary': "iHeartMedia , Inc. , formerly CC Media Holdings , Inc. , is an American mass media corporation headquartered in San Antonio , Texas . It is the holding company of iHeartCommunications , Inc. ( formerly Clear Channel Communications , Inc. ) , a company founded by Lowry Mays and B. J . Red McCombs in 1972 , and later taken private by Bain Capital , LLC and Thomas H. Lee Partners through a leveraged buyout in 2008 . As a result of this buyout , Clear Channel Communications , Inc. began to operate as a wholly owned subsidiary of CC Media Holdings , Inc. On September 16 , 2014 , CC Media Holdings , Inc. was rebranded iHeartMedia , Inc. ; and Clear Channel Communications , Inc. , became iHeartCommunications , Inc. iHeartMedia , Inc. specializes in radio broadcasting through division iHeartMedia ( sans Inc. suffix ; formerly Clear Channel Media and Entertainment , Clear Channel Radio , et al . ) and subsidiary iHeartMedia and Entertainment , Inc. ( formerly Clear Channel Broadcasting , Inc. ) ; the company owns more than 850 full-power AM and FM radio stations in the U.S. , making it the country 's largest owner of radio stations . The company has also been involved in internet radio and podcasting via the digital platform iHeartRadio ( from which the company derives its current name ) . In the past , the company was also involved in live events and out-of-home advertising . The company spun off these businesses in 2005 and 2019 respectively , as the present-day Live Nation Entertainment and Clear Channel Outdoor"}]}, {'value': '[ 7 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '92.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'K223CG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KQCV-FM', 'summary': 'KQCV-FM , known as the Bott Radio Network , is a Christian Teaching radio station serving the Oklahoma City , Oklahoma , area and is licensed to Community Broadcasting , Inc .'}]}, {'value': 'Bott Radio Network', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christian Teaching', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bott Radio Network', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bott_Radio_Network', 'summary': 'The Bott Radio Network is a network of Christian radio stations in the United States , broadcasting Christian talk and teaching programs . Programs heard on the Bott Radio Network include Love Worth Finding with Adrian Rogers , In Touch with Charles Stanley , Turning Point with David Jeremiah , Back to the Bible with Bryan Clark , Truth for Life with Alistair Begg , Jay Sekulow Live , Janet Mefferd Today and Running to Win with Erwin Lutzer .'}]}, {'value': '[ 8 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '92.9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KBEZ', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KBEZ', 'summary': 'KBEZ ( 92.9 MHz , 92.9 The Drive ) is a commercial FM radio station in Tulsa , Oklahoma , United States . It is owned by Griffin Communications and airs a classic hits radio format . Its studios are located in Downtown Tulsa and the transmitter is in the Osage Reservation north of Sand Springs , Oklahoma , broadcasting at 100,000 watts .'}]}, {'value': '92.9 The Drive', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Classic hits', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Classic_hits', 'summary': "Classic hits is a radio format which generally includes songs from the top 40 music charts from the mid-1970s to the early 1990s , with music from the 1980s serving as the core of the format . Music that was popularized by MTV in the early 1980s and the nostalgia behind it is a major driver to the format . It is considered the successor to the oldies format , a collection of top 40 songs from the late 1950s through the late 1970s that was once extremely popular in the United States . The term is sometimes incorrectly used as a synonym for the adult hits format , which uses a slightly newer music library stretching from all decades to the present with a major focus on 1990s and 2000s rock and alternative songs . In addition , adult hits stations tend to have larger playlists , playing a given song only a few times per week , compared to the tighter libraries on classic hits stations . For example , KRTH , a classic hits station in Los Angeles , plays power songs up to 30 times a week , which is another differentiator compared to other formats that share songs with classic hits libraries . The classic hits format has become extremely popular in the last few years with stations like KRTH , WCBS-FM in New York , and WLS-FM in Chicago having successful ratings with this model . Classic hits was named format of the summer of 2018 by Nielsen Audio 's research team emphasizing the huge popularity of the format . In addition , the Millennial generation is listening to this format in record numbers , according to a Nielsen report . As of December 2019 there are now over 1,100 classic hits stations in the United States , the largest amount in format history ."}]}, {'value': 'Griffin Communications', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Griffin_Communications', 'summary': "Griffin Communications is a media company based in Oklahoma City , Oklahoma . The company began as a subsidiary of successful Muskogee-based Griffin Foods , which features a popular line of pancake and waffle syrups and other foods . It owns Oklahoma 's two large CBS affiliates , KWTV-DT in Oklahoma City and KOTV-DT in Tulsa , and duopoly partners in each of those markets , MyNetworkTV outlet KSBI-TV in Oklahoma City and The CW outlet KQCW-DT in Tulsa . It also owns five radio stations in Tulsa ."}]}, {'value': '[ 9 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '93.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'K228CG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KTGX', 'summary': 'KTGX ( 106.1 FM , The Twister ) is a radio station licensed to Owasso , Oklahoma , United States . The station serves the Tulsa area . The station operates on FM frequency 106.1 MHz and is under ownership of iHeartMedia . Its studios are located in the BancFirst building at the southwest corner of 71st Street and Yale Avenue in Southeast Tulsa and its transmitter site is near Talala , Oklahoma . Its on-air talent by day part include : Mornings : The Bobby Bones Show , Middays : Karla Cantrell , Afternoons : Houston Gaither , Nights : Ashley King .'}]}, {'value': '93.5 The Jet', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Classic rock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Classic_rock', 'summary': "Classic rock is a radio format which developed from the album-oriented rock ( AOR ) format in the early 1980s . In the United States , the classic rock format features rock music ranging generally from the mid-1960s to the 1980s , primarily focusing on commercially successful blues rock and hard rock popularized in the 1970s AOR format . The radio format became increasingly popular with the baby boomer demographic by the end of the 1990s . Although classic rock has mostly appealed to adult listeners , music associated with this format received more exposure with younger generations of listeners with the presence of the Internet and digital downloading . Some classic rock stations also play a limited number of current releases which are stylistically consistent with the station 's sound , or by heritage acts that are still active and producing new music . Conceptually , classic rock has been analyzed by academics as an effort by critics , media , and music establishments to canonize rock music and commodify 1960s Western culture for audiences living in a post-baby boomer economy . The music predominantly selected for the format has been identified as commercially successful songs by white male acts from the Anglosphere , expressing values of Romanticism , self-aggrandizement , and politically undemanding ideologies ."}]}, {'value': 'iHeartMedia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/IHeartMedia', 'summary': "iHeartMedia , Inc. , formerly CC Media Holdings , Inc. , is an American mass media corporation headquartered in San Antonio , Texas . It is the holding company of iHeartCommunications , Inc. ( formerly Clear Channel Communications , Inc. ) , a company founded by Lowry Mays and B. J . Red McCombs in 1972 , and later taken private by Bain Capital , LLC and Thomas H. Lee Partners through a leveraged buyout in 2008 . As a result of this buyout , Clear Channel Communications , Inc. began to operate as a wholly owned subsidiary of CC Media Holdings , Inc. On September 16 , 2014 , CC Media Holdings , Inc. was rebranded iHeartMedia , Inc. ; and Clear Channel Communications , Inc. , became iHeartCommunications , Inc. iHeartMedia , Inc. specializes in radio broadcasting through division iHeartMedia ( sans Inc. suffix ; formerly Clear Channel Media and Entertainment , Clear Channel Radio , et al . ) and subsidiary iHeartMedia and Entertainment , Inc. ( formerly Clear Channel Broadcasting , Inc. ) ; the company owns more than 850 full-power AM and FM radio stations in the U.S. , making it the country 's largest owner of radio stations . The company has also been involved in internet radio and podcasting via the digital platform iHeartRadio ( from which the company derives its current name ) . In the past , the company was also involved in live events and out-of-home advertising . The company spun off these businesses in 2005 and 2019 respectively , as the present-day Live Nation Entertainment and Clear Channel Outdoor"}]}, {'value': '[ 10 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '94.1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KXOJ-FM', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KXOJ-FM', 'summary': "KXOJ-FM is a contemporary Christian radio station licensed to Glenpool , Oklahoma , serving the Tulsa area at 94.1 FM . The station is owned by Stephens Media , through licensee SMG-Tulsa , LLC . Its studios are located at the CityPlex Towers and its transmitter is in Chandler Park in West Tulsa . Until August 16 , 2016 , the then-KTSO branded itself as The Breeze . The call letters signified a previous format , Tulsa 's Soft Oldies . Prior to that format , the station was licensed to Okmulgee , Oklahoma , and aired a range of formats , including classical music . On November 22 , 2012 , KTSO started playing all Christmas music . KRAV was Tulsa 's Official Christmas Station . The Best of the 60s , 70s & 80s returned to the airwaves on December 26 , 2012 . Before August 16 , 2016 , KXOJ-FM was located at 100.9 . Every morning between 6 and 10am KXOJ-FM 's on-air lineup includes Dave Weston and Katie Rindt . Other veteran announcers included Bob Michaels , joined the station in 1998 , and Gary Thompson 3pm to 7pm , who began intermittently working there in the early 1990s ."}]}, {'value': '94.1 KXOJ', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Contemporary Christian Music', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Contemporary_Christian_Music', 'summary': "Contemporary Christian music ( or CCM - and occasionally inspirational music ) is a genre of modern popular music which is lyrically focused on matters concerned with the Christian faith . It formed as those affected by the 1960s Jesus movement revival began to express themselves in a more contemporary style of music than the hymns , Gospel and Southern gospel music that was prevalent in the church at the time . Today , the term is typically used to refer to pop , rock , or praise & worship styles . It has representation on several music charts including Billboard 's Christian Albums , Christian Songs , Hot Christian AC ( Adult Contemporary ) , Christian CHR , Soft AC/Inspirational , and Christian Digital Songs as well as the UK 's Official Christian & Gospel Albums Chart . Top-selling CCM artists will also appear on the Billboard 200 . In the iTunes Store , the genre is represented as part of the Christian and gospel genre while the Google Play Music system labels it as Christian/Gospel ."}]}, {'value': 'SMG-Tulsa , LLC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '[ 11 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '94.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'K233AU', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KXOJ-FM', 'summary': "KXOJ-FM is a contemporary Christian radio station licensed to Glenpool , Oklahoma , serving the Tulsa area at 94.1 FM . The station is owned by Stephens Media , through licensee SMG-Tulsa , LLC . Its studios are located at the CityPlex Towers and its transmitter is in Chandler Park in West Tulsa . Until August 16 , 2016 , the then-KTSO branded itself as The Breeze . The call letters signified a previous format , Tulsa 's Soft Oldies . Prior to that format , the station was licensed to Okmulgee , Oklahoma , and aired a range of formats , including classical music . On November 22 , 2012 , KTSO started playing all Christmas music . KRAV was Tulsa 's Official Christmas Station . The Best of the 60s , 70s & 80s returned to the airwaves on December 26 , 2012 . Before August 16 , 2016 , KXOJ-FM was located at 100.9 . Every morning between 6 and 10am KXOJ-FM 's on-air lineup includes Dave Weston and Katie Rindt . Other veteran announcers included Bob Michaels , joined the station in 1998 , and Gary Thompson 3pm to 7pm , who began intermittently working there in the early 1990s ."}]}, {'value': '94.1 KXOJ', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Contemporary Christian Music', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Contemporary_Christian_Music', 'summary': "Contemporary Christian music ( or CCM - and occasionally inspirational music ) is a genre of modern popular music which is lyrically focused on matters concerned with the Christian faith . It formed as those affected by the 1960s Jesus movement revival began to express themselves in a more contemporary style of music than the hymns , Gospel and Southern gospel music that was prevalent in the church at the time . Today , the term is typically used to refer to pop , rock , or praise & worship styles . It has representation on several music charts including Billboard 's Christian Albums , Christian Songs , Hot Christian AC ( Adult Contemporary ) , Christian CHR , Soft AC/Inspirational , and Christian Digital Songs as well as the UK 's Official Christian & Gospel Albums Chart . Top-selling CCM artists will also appear on the Billboard 200 . In the iTunes Store , the genre is represented as part of the Christian and gospel genre while the Google Play Music system labels it as Christian/Gospel ."}]}, {'value': 'SMG-Tulsa , LLC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '[ 12 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '94.9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'K235BK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KPIM-LP', 'summary': 'KPIM-LP ( 102.9 FM ) is a low-power FM radio station licensed to Broken Arrow , Oklahoma , United States . The station is currently owned by Broken Arrow Catholic Radio , Inc .'}]}, {'value': 'St. Michael Catholic Radio 94.9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Catholic Religious', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Broken Arrow Catholic Radio , Inc', 'urls': []}, {'value': '[ 13 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '95.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KWEN', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KWEN', 'summary': 'KWEN ( 95.5 MHz ) is a commercial FM radio station in Tulsa , Oklahoma . The station is owned by Cox Media Group and airs a country music radio format . The studios and offices are on Memorial Drive in Tulsa . The transmitter is on Route 97 in Sand Springs .'}]}, {'value': 'K95.5FM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Country music', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Country_music', 'summary': 'Country music , also known as country and western ( or simply country ) , and hillbilly music , is a genre of popular music that takes its roots from genres such as American folk music ( especially Appalachian and Western music ) and blues . Its popularized roots originate in the Southern United States of the early 1920s . Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms , folk lyrics , and harmonies mostly accompanied by string instruments such as banjos , electric and acoustic guitars , steel guitars ( such as pedal steels and dobros ) , and fiddles as well as harmonicas . Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history . According to Lindsey Starnes , the term country music gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term hillbilly music ; it came to encompass Western music , which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from similar roots , in the mid-20th century . In 2009 in the United States , country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute , and second most popular in the morning commute . The term country music is used today to describe many styles and subgenres . The origins of country music are found in the folk music of working class Americans and/or blue-collar American life , who blended popular songs , Irish and Celtic fiddle tunes , traditional English ballads , cowboy songs , and the musical traditions of various groups of European immigrants .'}]}, {'value': 'Cox Radio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cox_Radio', 'summary': 'Cox Media Group , Inc. ( CMG ) is an American media conglomerate principally owned by Apollo Global Management in conjunction with Cox Enterprises , which maintains a 19.9% minority stake in the company . The company primarily owns radio and television stations - many of which are located in the South , Pacific Northwest , Eastern Midwest , and Northeast - as well as three newspapers in Ohio ( pending a sale back to Cox Enterprises to comply with FCC cross-ownership rules ) and the regional cable news network Pittsburgh Cable News Channel ( PCNC ) . Originally founded in December 2008 by Cox Enterprises through a consolidation of its existing publishing and broadcasting subsidiaries , the current incarnation of Cox Media Group was formed on December 17 , 2019 by the acquisition of the original Cox Media Group from Cox Enterprises - which transferred a controlling interest in the company to Apollo - and Northwest Broadcasting from Brian Brady .'}]}, {'value': '[ 14 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '95.9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'K240ED', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KYLK', 'summary': 'KYLK ( 103.7 FM , ) is a radio station licensed to serve Okemah , Oklahoma . The station is owned by EMF . It airs a contemporary Christian music format . The station has been assigned these call letters by the Federal Communications Commission since August 25 , 2011 .'}]}, {'value': 'K-Love', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Contemporary Christian Music', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Contemporary_Christian_Music', 'summary': "Contemporary Christian music ( or CCM - and occasionally inspirational music ) is a genre of modern popular music which is lyrically focused on matters concerned with the Christian faith . It formed as those affected by the 1960s Jesus movement revival began to express themselves in a more contemporary style of music than the hymns , Gospel and Southern gospel music that was prevalent in the church at the time . Today , the term is typically used to refer to pop , rock , or praise & worship styles . It has representation on several music charts including Billboard 's Christian Albums , Christian Songs , Hot Christian AC ( Adult Contemporary ) , Christian CHR , Soft AC/Inspirational , and Christian Digital Songs as well as the UK 's Official Christian & Gospel Albums Chart . Top-selling CCM artists will also appear on the Billboard 200 . In the iTunes Store , the genre is represented as part of the Christian and gospel genre while the Google Play Music system labels it as Christian/Gospel ."}]}, {'value': 'Educational Media Foundation', 'urls': []}, {'value': '[ 15 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '96.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KRAV-FM', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KRAV-FM', 'summary': 'KRAV-FM ( 96.5 MHz , Mix 96.5 ) , is a commercial FM radio station in Tulsa , Oklahoma , owned by Cox Radio . It airs a hot adult contemporary radio format , playing a mix of pop hits from the 1990s to today . Its studios and offices are located in the Cox Broadcasting Complex on South Memorial Drive , near Interstate 44 in Tulsa . The transmitter is on Route 97 in the Osage Reservation north of Sand Springs . Mix 96.5 is also heard on Cox Digital Cable channel 1984 .'}]}, {'value': 'Mix 96.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hot Adult Contemporary/Adult Hit Music', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hot_AC', 'summary': "In North American music , adult contemporary music ( AC ) is a form of radio-played popular music , ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day , with varying degrees of easy listening , pop , soul , rhythm and blues , quiet storm , and rock influence . Adult contemporary is generally a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music . Adult contemporary tends to have lush , soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated . It is usually melodic enough to get a listener 's attention , and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music . Like most of pop music , its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse-chorus structure . The format is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments ( though bass guitar is usually used ) such as acoustic guitars , pianos , saxophones , and sometimes an orchestral set . The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched . However , recent adult contemporary music may feature synthesizers ( and other electronics , such as drum machines ) . An AC radio station may play mainstream music , but it excludes hip hop , dance tracks , hard rock , and some forms of teen pop , as these are less popular among adults , the target demographic . AC radio often targets the 25-44 age group , the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s . A common practice in recent years of adult contemporary stations is to play less newer music and more hits of the past . This de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart ."}]}, {'value': 'Cox Radio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cox_Radio', 'summary': 'Cox Media Group , Inc. ( CMG ) is an American media conglomerate principally owned by Apollo Global Management in conjunction with Cox Enterprises , which maintains a 19.9% minority stake in the company . The company primarily owns radio and television stations - many of which are located in the South , Pacific Northwest , Eastern Midwest , and Northeast - as well as three newspapers in Ohio ( pending a sale back to Cox Enterprises to comply with FCC cross-ownership rules ) and the regional cable news network Pittsburgh Cable News Channel ( PCNC ) . Originally founded in December 2008 by Cox Enterprises through a consolidation of its existing publishing and broadcasting subsidiaries , the current incarnation of Cox Media Group was formed on December 17 , 2019 by the acquisition of the original Cox Media Group from Cox Enterprises - which transferred a controlling interest in the company to Apollo - and Northwest Broadcasting from Brian Brady .'}]}, {'value': '[ 16 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '97.1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KYAL-FM', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KYAL-FM', 'summary': 'KYAL-FM ( 97.1 FM , The Sports Animal ) is a radio station licensed to serve Muskogee , Oklahoma . The station is owned by KMMY , Inc . It airs a Sports radio format . Its studios are located at the CityPlex Towers in South Tulsa and its transmitter is located near Stigler , Oklahoma .'}]}, {'value': 'The Sports Animal', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sports', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sports_Radio', 'summary': "Sports radio ( or sports talk radio ) is a radio format devoted entirely to discussion and broadcasting of sporting events . A widespread programming genre that has a narrow audience appeal , sports radio is characterized by an often-boisterous on-air style and extensive debate and analysis by both hosts and callers . Many sports talk stations also carry play-by-play ( live commentary ) of local sports teams as part of their regular programming . Hosted by Bill Mazer , the first sports talk radio show in history launched in March 1964 on New York 's WNBC ( AM ) . Soon after WNBC launched its program , in 1965 Seton Hall University 's radio station , WSOU , started Hall Line , a call-in sports radio talk show focusing on the team 's basketball program . Having celebrated its 50th anniversary on air during the 2015-2016 season , Hall Line , which broadcasts to central and northern New Jersey as well as all five boroughs of New York , is the oldest and longest running sports talk call-in show in the NY-NJ Metropolitan area , and is believed to be the oldest in the nation . Enterprise Radio Network became the first national all-sports network , operating out of Avon , Connecticut , from New Year 's Day 1981 through late September of that year before going out of business . ER had two channels , one for talk and a second for updates and play-by-play . ER 's talk lineup included current New York Yankees voice John Sterling , New York Mets radio host Ed Coleman and former big-league pitcher Bill Denehy . Sports talk is available in local , network and syndicated forms , is available in multiple languages , and is carried in multiple forms on both major North American satellite radio networks . In the United States , most sports talk-formatted radio stations air syndicated programming from ESPN Radio , SB Nation Radio , Sports Byline USA , Fox Sports Radio , CBS Sports Radio , or NBC Sports Radio , while in the Spanish language , ESPN Deportes Radio is the largest current network . In contrast , Canadian sports talk stations may carry a national brand ( such as TSN Radio or Sportsnet Radio ) but carry mostly local programming , with American-based shows filling in gaps ."}]}, {'value': 'KMMY , Inc', 'urls': []}, {'value': '[ 17 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '97.5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KMOD-FM', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KMOD-FM', 'summary': 'KMOD-FM ( 97.5 FM ) is an active rock radio station in Tulsa , Oklahoma , owned by iHeartMedia , Inc . The station plays a wide variety of rock music from the 1960s through today . Its studios are located at the Tulsa Event Center in Southeast Tulsa and its transmitter site is in the Osage Reservation . KMOD-FM broadcasts in the HD digital format .'}]}, {'value': '97.5 KMOD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Active Rock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Active_Rock', 'summary': 'Active rock is a radio format used by many commercial radio stations across the United States and Canada . Active rock stations play a balance of new hard rock songs with valued classic rock favorites , normally with an emphasis similar to Mainstream Rock and Album Oriented Rock on the hard rock end of the spectrum .'}]}, {'value': 'iHeartMedia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/IHeartMedia', 'summary': "iHeartMedia , Inc. , formerly CC Media Holdings , Inc. , is an American mass media corporation headquartered in San Antonio , Texas . It is the holding company of iHeartCommunications , Inc. ( formerly Clear Channel Communications , Inc. ) , a company founded by Lowry Mays and B. J . Red McCombs in 1972 , and later taken private by Bain Capital , LLC and Thomas H. Lee Partners through a leveraged buyout in 2008 . As a result of this buyout , Clear Channel Communications , Inc. began to operate as a wholly owned subsidiary of CC Media Holdings , Inc. On September 16 , 2014 , CC Media Holdings , Inc. was rebranded iHeartMedia , Inc. ; and Clear Channel Communications , Inc. , became iHeartCommunications , Inc. iHeartMedia , Inc. specializes in radio broadcasting through division iHeartMedia ( sans Inc. suffix ; formerly Clear Channel Media and Entertainment , Clear Channel Radio , et al . ) and subsidiary iHeartMedia and Entertainment , Inc. ( formerly Clear Channel Broadcasting , Inc. ) ; the company owns more than 850 full-power AM and FM radio stations in the U.S. , making it the country 's largest owner of radio stations . The company has also been involved in internet radio and podcasting via the digital platform iHeartRadio ( from which the company derives its current name ) . In the past , the company was also involved in live events and out-of-home advertising . The company spun off these businesses in 2005 and 2019 respectively , as the present-day Live Nation Entertainment and Clear Channel Outdoor"}]}, {'value': '[ 18 ]', 'urls': []}, {'value': '97.9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'K250BN', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KETU', 'summary': "KETU ( 1120 AM ) is a radio station licensed to serve Catoosa , Oklahoma . The station is owned by Edward J. and Leticia Vega , through licensee La Zeta 95.7 Inc . The station was licensed originally to Atoka , Oklahoma , and operated for many years on the frequency 1100 kHz , before changing its city of license to Catoosa , OK , and moving , in 2008 , to 1120 kHz . In January 2009 , The Raftt Corporation reached an agreement to sell this station to the Catholic Diocese of Tulsa for $ 880,000 . The deal was approved by the FCC on March 17 , 2009 ; however the transaction was subsequently cancelled . Raftt later sold the station to Edward J. and Leticia Vega 's La Zeta 95.7 Inc . The sale was consummated on November 21 , 2012 ."}]}, {'value': 'KETU La Diferente', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spanish Pop', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'La Zeta 95.7 Inc', 'urls': []}, {'value': '[ 19 ]', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Radio -- FM radio', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Media_in_Tulsa,_Oklahoma_0', 'intro': 'This is a summary of mass communications media in Tulsa, Oklahoma.'}
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The owner for Web Site [ 10 ] was formally known as what ?
Clear Channel Communications , Inc.
04d6fe8e6f54a912
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazdeika_the_Crab', 'title': 'Lazdeika the Crab', 'header': ['Teams', 'Stage', 'Date', 'Prediction', 'Result', 'Outcome'], 'data': [{'value': 'Lithuania vs Great Britain', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Lithuania_men's_national_basketball_team", 'summary': "The Lithuania men 's national basketball team ( Lithuanian : Lietuvos nacionalinė vyrų krepšinio rinktinė ) represents Lithuania in international basketball competitions . They are controlled by the Lithuanian Basketball Federation , the governing body for basketball in Lithuania . Despite Lithuania 's small size , with a population of less than 3 million , the country 's devotion to basketball has made them a traditional force of the sport in Europe . The Lithuanian national team won the last EuroBasket tournaments prior to World War II , in 1937 and 1939 . The 1939 team was led by Frank Lubin , who helped popularize basketball in the country and was called the grandfather of Lithuanian basketball . Following the country 's annexation by the Soviet Union during the war , Lithuanian players frequently formed the core of the Soviet national team . The most prevalent example was the 1988 Olympic basketball gold medal-winning team , which got most of its scoring from four Lithuanians : Valdemaras Chomičius , Rimas Kurtinaitis , Šarūnas Marčiulionis and Arvydas Sabonis . After the restoration of Lithuanian independence in 1990 , the national team was resurrected . Lithuania won bronze medals at the first three Summer Olympics to include NBA players - 1992 , 1996 , and 2000 - in addition to finishing fourth in 2004 and 2008 , and in eighth place in 2012 . The Lithuanian national team won the EuroBasket for the third time in 2003 , and also a bronze medal at the 2010 FIBA World Cup ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Great_Britain_national_basketball_team', 'summary': "The Great Britain national basketball team , known as GB Basketball , or GB represents Great Britain in men 's international basketball competitions . The national team is administered by British Basketball . The current governing body for the Great Britain team was formed by the national federations of England ( Basketball England ) , Scotland ( Basketballscotland ) , and Wales ( Basketball Wales ) on 1 December 2005 to provide a competitive team for the 2012 Summer Olympics . Although Wales subsequently chose to remain independent , Scotland and England decided to continue with the formal merger . This structure does not include the basketball association of Northern Ireland ; Northern Irish players normally represent the Ireland national team , though they are also eligible to compete for Great Britain and Northern Ireland at the Summer Olympic Games ."}]}, {'value': 'Group stage', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EuroBasket_2011_Group_A', 'summary': 'Group A of the EuroBasket 2011 took place between August 31 and September 5 , 2011 . The group played all of its games at Cido Arena in Panevėžys , Lithuania . The group was composed of Poland , Great Britain , Turkey , host Lithuania , defending champions Spain and Portugal , who qualified from additional qualifying round . The three best ranked teams advanced to the second round .'}]}, {'value': '31 August', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lithuania', 'urls': []}, {'value': '80-69', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EuroBasket_2011_Group_A', 'summary': 'Group A of the EuroBasket 2011 took place between August 31 and September 5 , 2011 . The group played all of its games at Cido Arena in Panevėžys , Lithuania . The group was composed of Poland , Great Britain , Turkey , host Lithuania , defending champions Spain and Portugal , who qualified from additional qualifying round . The three best ranked teams advanced to the second round .'}]}, {'value': 'Correct', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Poland vs Lithuania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Poland_national_basketball_team', 'summary': "The Poland national basketball team ( Polish : Reprezentacja Polski w koszykówce ) represents Poland in men 's international basketball competitions . They are controlled by the Polish Basketball Association ( PZKosz ) . The national team has reached the European Basketball Championship on 28 occasions , with their best result at the event coming in 1963 ( on home soil ) winning the silver . They have also qualified for the Summer Olympics six times , with their best finish being fourth in 1936 . Poland has made two appearances at the FIBA World Cup all-time , with their first coming in 1967 where they finished fifth . Although the national team would not reach the tournament again for the next 52 years until 2019 ."}, {'url': "/wiki/Lithuania_men's_national_basketball_team", 'summary': "The Lithuania men 's national basketball team ( Lithuanian : Lietuvos nacionalinė vyrų krepšinio rinktinė ) represents Lithuania in international basketball competitions . They are controlled by the Lithuanian Basketball Federation , the governing body for basketball in Lithuania . Despite Lithuania 's small size , with a population of less than 3 million , the country 's devotion to basketball has made them a traditional force of the sport in Europe . The Lithuanian national team won the last EuroBasket tournaments prior to World War II , in 1937 and 1939 . The 1939 team was led by Frank Lubin , who helped popularize basketball in the country and was called the grandfather of Lithuanian basketball . Following the country 's annexation by the Soviet Union during the war , Lithuanian players frequently formed the core of the Soviet national team . The most prevalent example was the 1988 Olympic basketball gold medal-winning team , which got most of its scoring from four Lithuanians : Valdemaras Chomičius , Rimas Kurtinaitis , Šarūnas Marčiulionis and Arvydas Sabonis . After the restoration of Lithuanian independence in 1990 , the national team was resurrected . Lithuania won bronze medals at the first three Summer Olympics to include NBA players - 1992 , 1996 , and 2000 - in addition to finishing fourth in 2004 and 2008 , and in eighth place in 2012 . The Lithuanian national team won the EuroBasket for the third time in 2003 , and also a bronze medal at the 2010 FIBA World Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'Group stage', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EuroBasket_2011_Group_A', 'summary': 'Group A of the EuroBasket 2011 took place between August 31 and September 5 , 2011 . The group played all of its games at Cido Arena in Panevėžys , Lithuania . The group was composed of Poland , Great Britain , Turkey , host Lithuania , defending champions Spain and Portugal , who qualified from additional qualifying round . The three best ranked teams advanced to the second round .'}]}, {'value': '1 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lithuania', 'urls': []}, {'value': '77-97', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EuroBasket_2011_Group_A', 'summary': 'Group A of the EuroBasket 2011 took place between August 31 and September 5 , 2011 . The group played all of its games at Cido Arena in Panevėžys , Lithuania . The group was composed of Poland , Great Britain , Turkey , host Lithuania , defending champions Spain and Portugal , who qualified from additional qualifying round . The three best ranked teams advanced to the second round .'}]}, {'value': 'Correct', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Turkey vs Lithuania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Turkey_national_basketball_team', 'summary': 'The Turkey national basketball team ( Turkish : Türkiye Millî Basketbol Takımı ) represents Turkey in international basketball tournaments . They are governed by the Turkish Basketball Federation . Their nickname is the 12 Dev Adam , meaning 12 Giant Men . Turkey has competed at every major international basketball tournament . Their greatest achievements are winning two silver medals on home soil at the EuroBasket ( 2001 ) , and FIBA World Cup ( 2010 ) respectively . Turkey has also won two gold ( 1987 , 2013 ) , one silver ( 1971 ) , and three bronze ( 1967 , 1983 , 2009 ) medals at the Mediterranean Games . Currently , Turkey stands 15th in the FIBA World Rankings .'}, {'url': "/wiki/Lithuania_men's_national_basketball_team", 'summary': "The Lithuania men 's national basketball team ( Lithuanian : Lietuvos nacionalinė vyrų krepšinio rinktinė ) represents Lithuania in international basketball competitions . They are controlled by the Lithuanian Basketball Federation , the governing body for basketball in Lithuania . Despite Lithuania 's small size , with a population of less than 3 million , the country 's devotion to basketball has made them a traditional force of the sport in Europe . The Lithuanian national team won the last EuroBasket tournaments prior to World War II , in 1937 and 1939 . The 1939 team was led by Frank Lubin , who helped popularize basketball in the country and was called the grandfather of Lithuanian basketball . Following the country 's annexation by the Soviet Union during the war , Lithuanian players frequently formed the core of the Soviet national team . The most prevalent example was the 1988 Olympic basketball gold medal-winning team , which got most of its scoring from four Lithuanians : Valdemaras Chomičius , Rimas Kurtinaitis , Šarūnas Marčiulionis and Arvydas Sabonis . After the restoration of Lithuanian independence in 1990 , the national team was resurrected . Lithuania won bronze medals at the first three Summer Olympics to include NBA players - 1992 , 1996 , and 2000 - in addition to finishing fourth in 2004 and 2008 , and in eighth place in 2012 . The Lithuanian national team won the EuroBasket for the third time in 2003 , and also a bronze medal at the 2010 FIBA World Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'Group stage', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EuroBasket_2011_Group_A', 'summary': 'Group A of the EuroBasket 2011 took place between August 31 and September 5 , 2011 . The group played all of its games at Cido Arena in Panevėžys , Lithuania . The group was composed of Poland , Great Britain , Turkey , host Lithuania , defending champions Spain and Portugal , who qualified from additional qualifying round . The three best ranked teams advanced to the second round .'}]}, {'value': '2 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lithuania', 'urls': []}, {'value': '68-75', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EuroBasket_2011_Group_A', 'summary': 'Group A of the EuroBasket 2011 took place between August 31 and September 5 , 2011 . The group played all of its games at Cido Arena in Panevėžys , Lithuania . The group was composed of Poland , Great Britain , Turkey , host Lithuania , defending champions Spain and Portugal , who qualified from additional qualifying round . The three best ranked teams advanced to the second round .'}]}, {'value': 'Correct', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lithuania vs Spain', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Lithuania_men's_national_basketball_team", 'summary': "The Lithuania men 's national basketball team ( Lithuanian : Lietuvos nacionalinė vyrų krepšinio rinktinė ) represents Lithuania in international basketball competitions . They are controlled by the Lithuanian Basketball Federation , the governing body for basketball in Lithuania . Despite Lithuania 's small size , with a population of less than 3 million , the country 's devotion to basketball has made them a traditional force of the sport in Europe . The Lithuanian national team won the last EuroBasket tournaments prior to World War II , in 1937 and 1939 . The 1939 team was led by Frank Lubin , who helped popularize basketball in the country and was called the grandfather of Lithuanian basketball . Following the country 's annexation by the Soviet Union during the war , Lithuanian players frequently formed the core of the Soviet national team . The most prevalent example was the 1988 Olympic basketball gold medal-winning team , which got most of its scoring from four Lithuanians : Valdemaras Chomičius , Rimas Kurtinaitis , Šarūnas Marčiulionis and Arvydas Sabonis . After the restoration of Lithuanian independence in 1990 , the national team was resurrected . Lithuania won bronze medals at the first three Summer Olympics to include NBA players - 1992 , 1996 , and 2000 - in addition to finishing fourth in 2004 and 2008 , and in eighth place in 2012 . The Lithuanian national team won the EuroBasket for the third time in 2003 , and also a bronze medal at the 2010 FIBA World Cup ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Spain_national_basketball_team', 'summary': "The Spain men 's national basketball team ( Spanish : Selección Española de Baloncesto ) represents Spain in international basketball competition . They are managed by the Spanish Basketball Federation , the governing body for basketball in Spain . Spain has appeared 32 times at the EuroBasket , winning three gold medals , six silver medals , and four bronze medals . They have also competed at the Summer Olympics 12 times , with three silver medals and one bronze medal as their accomplishments . They have reached the FIBA World Cup 12 times , winning it all twice , in 2006 and 2019 . Spain is currently ranked 2nd in the FIBA World Rankings only behind the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Group stage', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EuroBasket_2011_Group_A', 'summary': 'Group A of the EuroBasket 2011 took place between August 31 and September 5 , 2011 . The group played all of its games at Cido Arena in Panevėžys , Lithuania . The group was composed of Poland , Great Britain , Turkey , host Lithuania , defending champions Spain and Portugal , who qualified from additional qualifying round . The three best ranked teams advanced to the second round .'}]}, {'value': '4 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': []}, {'value': '79-91', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EuroBasket_2011_Group_A', 'summary': 'Group A of the EuroBasket 2011 took place between August 31 and September 5 , 2011 . The group played all of its games at Cido Arena in Panevėžys , Lithuania . The group was composed of Poland , Great Britain , Turkey , host Lithuania , defending champions Spain and Portugal , who qualified from additional qualifying round . The three best ranked teams advanced to the second round .'}]}, {'value': 'Correct', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Portugal vs Lithuania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Portugal_national_basketball_team', 'summary': "The Portugal national basketball team ( Portuguese : Seleção Portuguesa de Basquetebol ) represents Portugal in international basketball competition . They are controlled by the Portuguese Basketball Federation . The national team has never had great success in the past at the international level , but they have qualified for the EuroBasket three times , most recently at EuroBasket 2011 . Although , Portugal has yet to qualify for global tournaments such as the FIBA World Cup or the Summer Olympics . Portugal is one of the founding members of the International Basketball Federation ( FIBA ) , and has one of the world 's longest basketball traditions ."}, {'url': "/wiki/Lithuania_men's_national_basketball_team", 'summary': "The Lithuania men 's national basketball team ( Lithuanian : Lietuvos nacionalinė vyrų krepšinio rinktinė ) represents Lithuania in international basketball competitions . They are controlled by the Lithuanian Basketball Federation , the governing body for basketball in Lithuania . Despite Lithuania 's small size , with a population of less than 3 million , the country 's devotion to basketball has made them a traditional force of the sport in Europe . The Lithuanian national team won the last EuroBasket tournaments prior to World War II , in 1937 and 1939 . The 1939 team was led by Frank Lubin , who helped popularize basketball in the country and was called the grandfather of Lithuanian basketball . Following the country 's annexation by the Soviet Union during the war , Lithuanian players frequently formed the core of the Soviet national team . The most prevalent example was the 1988 Olympic basketball gold medal-winning team , which got most of its scoring from four Lithuanians : Valdemaras Chomičius , Rimas Kurtinaitis , Šarūnas Marčiulionis and Arvydas Sabonis . After the restoration of Lithuanian independence in 1990 , the national team was resurrected . Lithuania won bronze medals at the first three Summer Olympics to include NBA players - 1992 , 1996 , and 2000 - in addition to finishing fourth in 2004 and 2008 , and in eighth place in 2012 . The Lithuanian national team won the EuroBasket for the third time in 2003 , and also a bronze medal at the 2010 FIBA World Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'Group stage', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EuroBasket_2011_Group_A', 'summary': 'Group A of the EuroBasket 2011 took place between August 31 and September 5 , 2011 . The group played all of its games at Cido Arena in Panevėžys , Lithuania . The group was composed of Poland , Great Britain , Turkey , host Lithuania , defending champions Spain and Portugal , who qualified from additional qualifying round . The three best ranked teams advanced to the second round .'}]}, {'value': '5 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lithuania', 'urls': []}, {'value': '69-98', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EuroBasket_2011_Group_A', 'summary': 'Group A of the EuroBasket 2011 took place between August 31 and September 5 , 2011 . The group played all of its games at Cido Arena in Panevėžys , Lithuania . The group was composed of Poland , Great Britain , Turkey , host Lithuania , defending champions Spain and Portugal , who qualified from additional qualifying round . The three best ranked teams advanced to the second round .'}]}, {'value': 'Correct', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Serbia vs Lithuania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Serbia_national_basketball_team', 'summary': 'The Serbia national basketball team ( Serbian : Кошаркашка репрезентација Србије , romanized : Košarkaška reprezentacija Srbije ) represents Serbia in international basketball competition and is controlled by the Basketball Federation of Serbia . Serbia is currently ranked sixth in the FIBA World Rankings . From 1992 to 2003 , the national team played under name of FR Yugoslavia and from 2003 to 2006 under name of Serbia and Montenegro in international competitions . Following the Montenegrin declaration of independence in 2006 , Basketball Federation of Serbia retained the place of Basketball Federation of Serbia and Montenegro as a FIBA member . Therefore , all the results and medals from this period are succeeded by the Serbian national basketball team .'}, {'url': "/wiki/Lithuania_men's_national_basketball_team", 'summary': "The Lithuania men 's national basketball team ( Lithuanian : Lietuvos nacionalinė vyrų krepšinio rinktinė ) represents Lithuania in international basketball competitions . They are controlled by the Lithuanian Basketball Federation , the governing body for basketball in Lithuania . Despite Lithuania 's small size , with a population of less than 3 million , the country 's devotion to basketball has made them a traditional force of the sport in Europe . The Lithuanian national team won the last EuroBasket tournaments prior to World War II , in 1937 and 1939 . The 1939 team was led by Frank Lubin , who helped popularize basketball in the country and was called the grandfather of Lithuanian basketball . Following the country 's annexation by the Soviet Union during the war , Lithuanian players frequently formed the core of the Soviet national team . The most prevalent example was the 1988 Olympic basketball gold medal-winning team , which got most of its scoring from four Lithuanians : Valdemaras Chomičius , Rimas Kurtinaitis , Šarūnas Marčiulionis and Arvydas Sabonis . After the restoration of Lithuanian independence in 1990 , the national team was resurrected . Lithuania won bronze medals at the first three Summer Olympics to include NBA players - 1992 , 1996 , and 2000 - in addition to finishing fourth in 2004 and 2008 , and in eighth place in 2012 . The Lithuanian national team won the EuroBasket for the third time in 2003 , and also a bronze medal at the 2010 FIBA World Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'Second round', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EuroBasket_2011_Group_E', 'summary': 'Group E of the EuroBasket 2011 took place between September 7 and September 11 , 2011 . The group played all of its games at Siemens Arena in Vilnius , Lithuania . The group composed of three best ranked teams from groups A and B . The four teams with the best records advanced to the quarterfinals .'}]}, {'value': '7 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lithuania', 'urls': []}, {'value': '90-100', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EuroBasket_2011_Group_E', 'summary': 'Group E of the EuroBasket 2011 took place between September 7 and September 11 , 2011 . The group played all of its games at Siemens Arena in Vilnius , Lithuania . The group composed of three best ranked teams from groups A and B . The four teams with the best records advanced to the quarterfinals .'}]}, {'value': 'Correct', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lithuania vs France', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Lithuania_men's_national_basketball_team", 'summary': "The Lithuania men 's national basketball team ( Lithuanian : Lietuvos nacionalinė vyrų krepšinio rinktinė ) represents Lithuania in international basketball competitions . They are controlled by the Lithuanian Basketball Federation , the governing body for basketball in Lithuania . Despite Lithuania 's small size , with a population of less than 3 million , the country 's devotion to basketball has made them a traditional force of the sport in Europe . The Lithuanian national team won the last EuroBasket tournaments prior to World War II , in 1937 and 1939 . The 1939 team was led by Frank Lubin , who helped popularize basketball in the country and was called the grandfather of Lithuanian basketball . Following the country 's annexation by the Soviet Union during the war , Lithuanian players frequently formed the core of the Soviet national team . The most prevalent example was the 1988 Olympic basketball gold medal-winning team , which got most of its scoring from four Lithuanians : Valdemaras Chomičius , Rimas Kurtinaitis , Šarūnas Marčiulionis and Arvydas Sabonis . After the restoration of Lithuanian independence in 1990 , the national team was resurrected . Lithuania won bronze medals at the first three Summer Olympics to include NBA players - 1992 , 1996 , and 2000 - in addition to finishing fourth in 2004 and 2008 , and in eighth place in 2012 . The Lithuanian national team won the EuroBasket for the third time in 2003 , and also a bronze medal at the 2010 FIBA World Cup ."}, {'url': '/wiki/France_national_basketball_team', 'summary': "Throughout its history , France 's national basketball team has experienced many ups and downs . The time periods where the national team earned medals have been quite streaky . In Europe , team France started out as a fierce competitor . The team won 5 medals at the EuroBasket between 1937 and 1959 . 1937 : Bronze Medal , 3-2 overall , second in preliminary group , lost semifinal , won bronze medal match 1947 : Silver Medal , 5-1 overall , round robin tournament , no playoffs 1949 : Bronze Medal ; 6-3 overall , second in preliminary group at 3-1 , won semifinal group in three-way tie-breaker with 2-1 record , lost semifinal , won bronze medal match 1953 : Bronze Medal , 6-4 overall , second in preliminary group at 2-1 , second position of four-way tiebreaker for 2nd place in final round with 4-3 record . 1959 : Bronze Medal , 7-3 overall , second in preliminary group at 3-1 , first in Semi-final round at 3-0 , third in final round with 1-2 record . Its period of glory at the world stage began in the late 1940s / early 1950s . At the 1948 Olympics in London , the France team led by Robert Busnel won an Olympic silver medal , the first Olympic medal in its history . The French finished second only to the United States . In the wake of this Olympic medal , France , led by captain André Vacheresse , won three consecutive medals , including silver at the EuroBasket 1949 , and bronze at the EuroBasket 1951 and the EuroBasket 1953 . The following years were less glorious . France 's basketball team seemingly declined gradually to disappear almost completely from the two major world competitions during the 1960s and 1970s ."}]}, {'value': 'Second round', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EuroBasket_2011_Group_E', 'summary': 'Group E of the EuroBasket 2011 took place between September 7 and September 11 , 2011 . The group played all of its games at Siemens Arena in Vilnius , Lithuania . The group composed of three best ranked teams from groups A and B . The four teams with the best records advanced to the quarterfinals .'}]}, {'value': '9 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': []}, {'value': '67-73', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EuroBasket_2011_Group_E', 'summary': 'Group E of the EuroBasket 2011 took place between September 7 and September 11 , 2011 . The group played all of its games at Siemens Arena in Vilnius , Lithuania . The group composed of three best ranked teams from groups A and B . The four teams with the best records advanced to the quarterfinals .'}]}, {'value': 'Correct', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lithuania vs Germany', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Lithuania_men's_national_basketball_team", 'summary': "The Lithuania men 's national basketball team ( Lithuanian : Lietuvos nacionalinė vyrų krepšinio rinktinė ) represents Lithuania in international basketball competitions . They are controlled by the Lithuanian Basketball Federation , the governing body for basketball in Lithuania . Despite Lithuania 's small size , with a population of less than 3 million , the country 's devotion to basketball has made them a traditional force of the sport in Europe . The Lithuanian national team won the last EuroBasket tournaments prior to World War II , in 1937 and 1939 . The 1939 team was led by Frank Lubin , who helped popularize basketball in the country and was called the grandfather of Lithuanian basketball . Following the country 's annexation by the Soviet Union during the war , Lithuanian players frequently formed the core of the Soviet national team . The most prevalent example was the 1988 Olympic basketball gold medal-winning team , which got most of its scoring from four Lithuanians : Valdemaras Chomičius , Rimas Kurtinaitis , Šarūnas Marčiulionis and Arvydas Sabonis . After the restoration of Lithuanian independence in 1990 , the national team was resurrected . Lithuania won bronze medals at the first three Summer Olympics to include NBA players - 1992 , 1996 , and 2000 - in addition to finishing fourth in 2004 and 2008 , and in eighth place in 2012 . The Lithuanian national team won the EuroBasket for the third time in 2003 , and also a bronze medal at the 2010 FIBA World Cup ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Germany_national_basketball_team', 'summary': "The Germany national basketball team ( German : Deutsche Basketballnationalmannschaft or Die Mannschaft ) represents Germany in international basketball competition . They are organized by the German Basketball Federation ( Deutscher Basketball Bund ) , the governing body for basketball in Germany . Currently , Germany is ranked 18th in the FIBA World Rankings . Germany 's biggest achievements to date have been competing in 24 appearances at the EuroBasket winning the gold in 1993 ( on home soil ) , and silver in 2005 respectively . Germany has also made six appearances at the World Cup , with their best finish coming in 2002 , when the national team won bronze ."}]}, {'value': 'Second round', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EuroBasket_2011_Group_E', 'summary': 'Group E of the EuroBasket 2011 took place between September 7 and September 11 , 2011 . The group played all of its games at Siemens Arena in Vilnius , Lithuania . The group composed of three best ranked teams from groups A and B . The four teams with the best records advanced to the quarterfinals .'}]}, {'value': '11 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lithuania', 'urls': []}, {'value': '84-75', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EuroBasket_2011_Group_E', 'summary': 'Group E of the EuroBasket 2011 took place between September 7 and September 11 , 2011 . The group played all of its games at Siemens Arena in Vilnius , Lithuania . The group composed of three best ranked teams from groups A and B . The four teams with the best records advanced to the quarterfinals .'}]}, {'value': 'Correct', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'North Macedonia vs Lithuania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_Macedonia_national_basketball_team', 'summary': 'The North Macedonia national basketball team ( Macedonian : Кошаркарска репрезентација на Северна Македонија / Košarkaška reprezentacija na Severna Makedonija , formerly known officially as the Macedonia national basketball team ) represents North Macedonia in international basketball and is controlled by the Basketball Federation of North Macedonia , which was created in 1992 . They joined FIBA in 1993 , after they gained independence from Yugoslavia . That same year the national team played their first official match against Estonia . Prior to 1993 , Macedonian players took part on the Yugoslavia national team . Macedonia debuted in their first international tournament at the EuroBasket in 1999 . They have appeared five times at the event overall , with their top performance coming in 2011 .'}, {'url': "/wiki/Lithuania_men's_national_basketball_team", 'summary': "The Lithuania men 's national basketball team ( Lithuanian : Lietuvos nacionalinė vyrų krepšinio rinktinė ) represents Lithuania in international basketball competitions . They are controlled by the Lithuanian Basketball Federation , the governing body for basketball in Lithuania . Despite Lithuania 's small size , with a population of less than 3 million , the country 's devotion to basketball has made them a traditional force of the sport in Europe . The Lithuanian national team won the last EuroBasket tournaments prior to World War II , in 1937 and 1939 . The 1939 team was led by Frank Lubin , who helped popularize basketball in the country and was called the grandfather of Lithuanian basketball . Following the country 's annexation by the Soviet Union during the war , Lithuanian players frequently formed the core of the Soviet national team . The most prevalent example was the 1988 Olympic basketball gold medal-winning team , which got most of its scoring from four Lithuanians : Valdemaras Chomičius , Rimas Kurtinaitis , Šarūnas Marčiulionis and Arvydas Sabonis . After the restoration of Lithuanian independence in 1990 , the national team was resurrected . Lithuania won bronze medals at the first three Summer Olympics to include NBA players - 1992 , 1996 , and 2000 - in addition to finishing fourth in 2004 and 2008 , and in eighth place in 2012 . The Lithuanian national team won the EuroBasket for the third time in 2003 , and also a bronze medal at the 2010 FIBA World Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'Quarterfinals', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EuroBasket_2011_knockout_stage', 'summary': 'The knockout stage of the EuroBasket 2011 ran from September 14 to September 18 , 2011 . All matches were played at the Žalgiris Arena at Kaunas . The top four teams from both second round groups played a knockout-system to the final .'}]}, {'value': '14 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lithuania', 'urls': []}, {'value': '67-65', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EuroBasket_2011_knockout_stage', 'summary': 'The knockout stage of the EuroBasket 2011 ran from September 14 to September 18 , 2011 . All matches were played at the Žalgiris Arena at Kaunas . The top four teams from both second round groups played a knockout-system to the final .'}]}, {'value': 'Incorrect', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Slovenia vs Lithuania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Slovenia_national_basketball_team', 'summary': 'The Slovenia national basketball team ( Slovene : Slovenska košarkarska reprezentanca ) represents Slovenia in international basketball competitions , and is organized by the Basketball Federation of Slovenia . Since the independence of the country in 1991 , the national team has competed at every EuroBasket , and reached the knockout stage at every championship since 2005 . Their greatest achievement overall at the tournament came at EuroBasket 2017 , where they won all nine games and became European champions . Slovenia is currently ranked 16th in the FIBA World Rankings .'}, {'url': "/wiki/Lithuania_men's_national_basketball_team", 'summary': "The Lithuania men 's national basketball team ( Lithuanian : Lietuvos nacionalinė vyrų krepšinio rinktinė ) represents Lithuania in international basketball competitions . They are controlled by the Lithuanian Basketball Federation , the governing body for basketball in Lithuania . Despite Lithuania 's small size , with a population of less than 3 million , the country 's devotion to basketball has made them a traditional force of the sport in Europe . The Lithuanian national team won the last EuroBasket tournaments prior to World War II , in 1937 and 1939 . The 1939 team was led by Frank Lubin , who helped popularize basketball in the country and was called the grandfather of Lithuanian basketball . Following the country 's annexation by the Soviet Union during the war , Lithuanian players frequently formed the core of the Soviet national team . The most prevalent example was the 1988 Olympic basketball gold medal-winning team , which got most of its scoring from four Lithuanians : Valdemaras Chomičius , Rimas Kurtinaitis , Šarūnas Marčiulionis and Arvydas Sabonis . After the restoration of Lithuanian independence in 1990 , the national team was resurrected . Lithuania won bronze medals at the first three Summer Olympics to include NBA players - 1992 , 1996 , and 2000 - in addition to finishing fourth in 2004 and 2008 , and in eighth place in 2012 . The Lithuanian national team won the EuroBasket for the third time in 2003 , and also a bronze medal at the 2010 FIBA World Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'Classification', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EuroBasket_2011_knockout_stage', 'summary': 'The knockout stage of the EuroBasket 2011 ran from September 14 to September 18 , 2011 . All matches were played at the Žalgiris Arena at Kaunas . The top four teams from both second round groups played a knockout-system to the final .'}]}, {'value': '15 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': '77-80', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EuroBasket_2011_knockout_stage', 'summary': 'The knockout stage of the EuroBasket 2011 ran from September 14 to September 18 , 2011 . All matches were played at the Žalgiris Arena at Kaunas . The top four teams from both second round groups played a knockout-system to the final .'}]}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lithuania vs Greece', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Lithuania_men's_national_basketball_team", 'summary': "The Lithuania men 's national basketball team ( Lithuanian : Lietuvos nacionalinė vyrų krepšinio rinktinė ) represents Lithuania in international basketball competitions . They are controlled by the Lithuanian Basketball Federation , the governing body for basketball in Lithuania . Despite Lithuania 's small size , with a population of less than 3 million , the country 's devotion to basketball has made them a traditional force of the sport in Europe . The Lithuanian national team won the last EuroBasket tournaments prior to World War II , in 1937 and 1939 . The 1939 team was led by Frank Lubin , who helped popularize basketball in the country and was called the grandfather of Lithuanian basketball . Following the country 's annexation by the Soviet Union during the war , Lithuanian players frequently formed the core of the Soviet national team . The most prevalent example was the 1988 Olympic basketball gold medal-winning team , which got most of its scoring from four Lithuanians : Valdemaras Chomičius , Rimas Kurtinaitis , Šarūnas Marčiulionis and Arvydas Sabonis . After the restoration of Lithuanian independence in 1990 , the national team was resurrected . Lithuania won bronze medals at the first three Summer Olympics to include NBA players - 1992 , 1996 , and 2000 - in addition to finishing fourth in 2004 and 2008 , and in eighth place in 2012 . The Lithuanian national team won the EuroBasket for the third time in 2003 , and also a bronze medal at the 2010 FIBA World Cup ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Greece_national_basketball_team', 'summary': "The Greece national basketball team ( Greek : Eθνική Oμάδα Καλαθοσφαίρισης Ελλάδος ) represents Greece in international basketball . They are controlled by the Hellenic Basketball Federation , the governing body for basketball in Greece . Greece is currently ranked seventh in the FIBA World Rankings . The national team has appeared eight times at the FIBA World Cup , with their best performance being in 2006 as runners-up , after beating the United States 101-95 in the tournament 's semifinal . They have also reached the EuroBasket winning it twice , in 1987 beating the Soviet Union 103-101 in the final in Athens , and in 2005 defeating Germany convincingly by the score of 78-62 in the final in Belgrade . Greece has also won one silver ( 1989 ) and two bronze medals ( 1949 , 2009 ) at EuroBasket , having closely missed a medal on several occasions in world and continental tournaments ( 4th place in the 1994 and 1998 FIBA World Cups , 4th place in the 1993 , 1995 , 1997 and 2007 EuroBasket ) , as well as ending up in fifth place in their last three Olympic appearances ( Atlanta 1996 , Athens 2004 , Beijing 2008 ) . Between 1990 and 1997 , following their consecutive successes at the EuroBasket , the Greeks participated in all major international tournaments but one , with their lowest ranking being at sixth place in the 1990 FIBA World Cup . Greece is the only national team in the world to have defeated the United States during Mike Krzyzewski 's era ( 2005-2016 ) , as the latter had an undefeated record both before and after the 2006 FIBA World Cup semifinal , all major competitions included ."}]}, {'value': 'Classification', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EuroBasket_2011_knockout_stage', 'summary': 'The knockout stage of the EuroBasket 2011 ran from September 14 to September 18 , 2011 . All matches were played at the Žalgiris Arena at Kaunas . The top four teams from both second round groups played a knockout-system to the final .'}]}, {'value': '17 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': '73-69', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EuroBasket_2011_knockout_stage', 'summary': 'The knockout stage of the EuroBasket 2011 ran from September 14 to September 18 , 2011 . All matches were played at the Žalgiris Arena at Kaunas . The top four teams from both second round groups played a knockout-system to the final .'}]}, {'value': 'N/A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spain vs France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spain_national_basketball_team', 'summary': "The Spain men 's national basketball team ( Spanish : Selección Española de Baloncesto ) represents Spain in international basketball competition . They are managed by the Spanish Basketball Federation , the governing body for basketball in Spain . Spain has appeared 32 times at the EuroBasket , winning three gold medals , six silver medals , and four bronze medals . They have also competed at the Summer Olympics 12 times , with three silver medals and one bronze medal as their accomplishments . They have reached the FIBA World Cup 12 times , winning it all twice , in 2006 and 2019 . Spain is currently ranked 2nd in the FIBA World Rankings only behind the United States ."}, {'url': '/wiki/France_national_basketball_team', 'summary': "Throughout its history , France 's national basketball team has experienced many ups and downs . The time periods where the national team earned medals have been quite streaky . In Europe , team France started out as a fierce competitor . The team won 5 medals at the EuroBasket between 1937 and 1959 . 1937 : Bronze Medal , 3-2 overall , second in preliminary group , lost semifinal , won bronze medal match 1947 : Silver Medal , 5-1 overall , round robin tournament , no playoffs 1949 : Bronze Medal ; 6-3 overall , second in preliminary group at 3-1 , won semifinal group in three-way tie-breaker with 2-1 record , lost semifinal , won bronze medal match 1953 : Bronze Medal , 6-4 overall , second in preliminary group at 2-1 , second position of four-way tiebreaker for 2nd place in final round with 4-3 record . 1959 : Bronze Medal , 7-3 overall , second in preliminary group at 3-1 , first in Semi-final round at 3-0 , third in final round with 1-2 record . Its period of glory at the world stage began in the late 1940s / early 1950s . At the 1948 Olympics in London , the France team led by Robert Busnel won an Olympic silver medal , the first Olympic medal in its history . The French finished second only to the United States . In the wake of this Olympic medal , France , led by captain André Vacheresse , won three consecutive medals , including silver at the EuroBasket 1949 , and bronze at the EuroBasket 1951 and the EuroBasket 1953 . The following years were less glorious . France 's basketball team seemingly declined gradually to disappear almost completely from the two major world competitions during the 1960s and 1970s ."}]}, {'value': 'Final', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EuroBasket_2011_Final', 'summary': "The EuroBasket 2011 final was the championship game of EuroBasket 2011 played at the Žalgiris Arena in Kaunas , Lithuania on 18 September between Spain and France . By virtue of FIBA Europe 's two outright berths in the 2012 Summer Olympic basketball tournament , both finalists qualified for the 2012 London Games . The defending European champions Spain qualified to the final after topping their preliminary round group , winning their second round group , and beating Slovenia and Macedonia in the final round . France , in their first EuroBasket final , also topped their preliminary round group , finished second in their second round group behind Spain , and defeated Greece and Russia in the final round . The Spanish team retained their European championship with a 98-85 win . Shooting guard Juan Carlos Navarro was named the tournament MVP . He joined his teammate Pau Gasol and opponent Tony Parker as members of the all-tournament team who played in the final . Macedonia 's Bo McCalebb and Russia 's Andrei Kirilenko were also named to the team ."}]}, {'value': '18 September', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': []}, {'value': '98-85', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EuroBasket_2011_knockout_stage', 'summary': 'The knockout stage of the EuroBasket 2011 ran from September 14 to September 18 , 2011 . All matches were played at the Žalgiris Arena at Kaunas . The top four teams from both second round groups played a knockout-system to the final .'}]}, {'value': 'Incorrect', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Predictions -- EuroBasket 2011', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Lazdeika_the_Crab_0', 'intro': 'Lazdeika the Crab (Lithuanian: Krabas Lazdeika) is a rainbow crab from Lithuania. The crab was used by Delfi.lt web portal as an oracle to predict the outcomes of each of the Lithuania national basketball team matches in the EuroBasket 2011. The crab has also predicted the outcomes of Lithuania in 2012 FIBA World Olympic Qualifying Tournament and at the 2012 Summer Olympics.'}
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What is the result of the team whose current governing body was formed on 1 December 2005 ?
80-69
04d7287022f6bc89
hybridqa
{'url': "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_in_men's_road_cycling", 'title': "2013 in men's road cycling", 'header': ['Code', 'Official team name', 'License holder', 'Country', 'Groupset', 'Bicycles'], 'data': [{'value': 'ALM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ag2r-La Mondiale ( 2013 season )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/AG2R_La_Mondiale_(cycling_team)', 'summary': 'AG2R La Mondiale ( UCI team code : ALM ) is a French cycling team with UCI WorldTeam status . Its title sponsor is AG2R La Mondiale , one of the biggest French insurance firms . The team is predominantly French .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_Ag2r–La_Mondiale_season', 'summary': 'The 2013 season for the Ag2r-La Mondiale cycling team began in January at the Tour Down Under . As a UCI ProTeam , they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour .'}]}, {'value': 'EUSRL France Cyclisme', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'SRAM', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/SRAM_Corporation', 'summary': "SRAM LLC is a privately owned bicycle component manufacturer based in Chicago , Illinois , United States , founded in 1987 . SRAM is an acronym comprising the names of its founders , Scott , Ray , and Sam , ( where Ray is the middle name of the company 's first CEO , Stan Day ) . The company is known for producing cycling components , including some internally developed , such as Grip Shift , EAGLE ( 1x12 ) , DoubleTap , dedicated 1x11 mountain and road drivetrains and SRAM Red eTap . The company grew organically and through acquisitions to become a high-end cycling component brand , selling under the brands SRAM , Avid , RockShox , Truvativ , Quarq , and Zipp . Their components are manufactured primarily in-house , in factories located in Portugal , Taiwan , China , and the U.S. , and distributed and sold as Original equipment manufacturer ( OEM ) equipment and aftermarket components in markets globally ."}]}, {'value': 'Focus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Focus_Bikes', 'summary': 'Focus Bikes is a bicycle manufacturer that has its administration in Filderstadt , Germany and production facilities based in Cloppenburg , Germany and builds sport bicycles such as e-bikes , racing bicycles and mountain bicycles .'}]}, {'value': 'ARG', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Argos-Shimano ( 2013 season )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Team_Sunweb_(men's_team)", 'summary': 'Team Sunweb ( UCI team code : SUN ) is a professional German cycling team at UCI WorldTeam level . The team is managed by Iwan Spekenbrink and uses Cervélo bicycles .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_Argos–Shimano_season', 'summary': 'The 2013 season for the Argos-Shimano began in January with the Tour Down Under . As a UCI ProTeam , they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour .'}]}, {'value': 'SMS Cycling', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Netherlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Netherlands', 'summary': "The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' ."}]}, {'value': 'Shimano', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shimano', 'summary': "Shimano , Inc. ( 株式会社シマノ , Kabushiki-gaisha Shimano ) is a Japanese multinational manufacturer of cycling components , fishing tackle and rowing equipment . It produced golf supplies until 2005 and snowboarding gear until 2008 . Headquartered in Sakai , Japan , the company has 32 consolidated subsidiaries and 11 unconsolidated subsidiaries . Shimano 's primary manufacturing plants are in Kunshan , China ; Malaysia ; and Singapore . In 2017 , Shimano had net sales of US $ 3.2 billion , 38% in Europe , 35% in Asia , and 11% in North America . Bicycle components represented 80% , fishing tackle 19% , and other products 0.1% . The company is publicly traded , with 93 million shares of common stock outstanding ."}]}, {'value': 'Felt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Felt_Bicycles', 'summary': 'Felt Racing is an American bicycle brand based in Irvine , California . Felt produces road , mountain , track , cyclocross , electric bicycles , and cruiser bikes . All design is completed in the USA and the majority of production comes from Asia . The company also has a strong reputation in the time trial/triathlon bike area . area and for several years provided bicycles to UCI teams in the Tour de France . Felt still supports several professional level race teams including Hincapie Racing and Team Twenty 16 .'}]}, {'value': 'AST', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Astana ( 2013 season )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Astana_Pro_Team', 'summary': "Astana Pro Team ( UCI team code : AST ) is a professional road bicycle racing team sponsored by the Samruk-Kazyna , a coalition of state-owned companies from Kazakhstan and named after its capital city Astana ( which has since been renamed 'Nur-Sultan ' ) . Astana attained UCI ProTeam status in its inaugural year , 2007 . Following a major doping scandal involving Kazakhstani rider Alexander Vinokourov , team management was terminated and new management brought in for the 2008 season . The team was then managed by Johan Bruyneel , former team manager of U.S. Postal/Discovery Channel team . Under Bruyneel the ethical nature of the team did not improve , although Astana in this period was very successful . With a lineup including Grand Tour winner Alberto Contador , as well as runner-up Andreas Klöden the results were there , however the team was on the verge of financial collapse in May 2009 . A battle for control of the team led to the return of Vinokourov for the 2009 Vuelta a España caused Bruyneel and at least fourteen of its riders to leave at the end of the 2009 season , most for Team RadioShack . Only four Spanish riders , including Contador , and most of the Kazakhs remained with the rebuilt team for 2010 . Those four Spaniards all left the team for Saxo Bank-SunGard in 2011 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_Astana_season', 'summary': 'The 2013 season for the Astana cycling team began in January with the Tour Down Under . As a UCI ProTeam , they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour .'}]}, {'value': 'Olympus Sarl', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kazakhstan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kazakhstan', 'summary': "Kazakhstan , [ b ] officially the Republic of Kazakhstan , [ c ] is a transcontinental country largely located in Central Asia with the most western parts of it being located in Eastern Europe . It is the world 's largest landlocked country , and the ninth largest country in the world , with an area of 2,724,900 square kilometres ( 1,052,100 sq mi ) . Kazakhstan is the most dominant nation of Central Asia economically , generating 60% of the region 's GDP , primarily through its oil and gas industry . It also has vast mineral resources . Kazakhstan is officially a democratic , secular , unitary , constitutional republic with a diverse cultural heritage . Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia , China , Kyrgyzstan , Uzbekistan , and Turkmenistan , and also adjoins a large part of the Caspian Sea . The terrain of Kazakhstan includes flatlands , steppe , taiga , rock canyons , hills , deltas , snow-capped mountains , and deserts . Kazakhstan has an estimated 18.3 million people as of 2018 [ update ] . Its population density is among the lowest , at less than 6 people per square kilometre ( 15 people per sq mi ) . Since 1997 and independence , the capital is Nur-Sultan , formerly known as Astana . It was moved from Almaty , the country 's largest city . The territory of Kazakhstan has historically been inhabited by nomadic groups and empires ."}]}, {'value': 'Campagnolo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Campagnolo', 'summary': "Campagnolo is an Italian manufacturer of bicycle components with headquarters in Vicenza , Italy . The components are organised as groupsets ( gruppi ) , and are a near-complete collection of a bicycle 's mechanical parts . Campagnolo 's flagship components are the Super Record , Record , and Chorus groupsets with all three representing their recent shift to 12-speed drivetrains . Super Record and Record are the top groupsets , followed by Chorus , Potenza , Centaur and Veloce . Campagnolo also produces aluminum and carbon wheels , as well as other components ( like carbon fiber seat posts , and bottle-cages ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Specialized', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Specialized_Bicycle_Components', 'summary': 'Specialized Bicycle Components , Inc. , commonly called Specialized , is a United States-based company that designs , manufactures and markets bicycles , bicycle components and related products under the brand name Specialized . The Morgan Hill , California-based company was founded in 1974 by Mike Sinyard .'}]}, {'value': 'BMC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BMC Racing Team ( 2013 season )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CCC_Pro_Team', 'summary': 'CCC Pro Team ( UCI team code : CCC ) is a UCI WorldTeam title sponsored by CCC , a Polish-based shoe retailer . The team is co-owned by American cyclist Jim Ochowicz , who founded the 7-Eleven Cycling Team , and is the team manager .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_BMC_Racing_Team_season', 'summary': 'The 2013 season for the BMC Racing Team began in January with the Tour Down Under . As a UCI ProTeam , they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour .'}]}, {'value': 'Continuum Sports LLC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Shimano', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BMC', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/BMC_Trading', 'summary': 'BMC Switzerland AG ( abbreviation of Bicycle Manufacturing Company ) is a bicycle and cycling product manufacturer based in Grenchen , Switzerland . BMC designs , builds and distributes road bikes , mountain bikes , and commuter bikes primarily for sale to dealers in North America , Europe , South Africa , Australia , East Asia and the United Arab Emirates .'}]}, {'value': 'EUS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Euskaltel-Euskadi ( 2013 season )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Euskaltel–Euskadi', 'summary': "Euskaltel-Euskadi ( UCI team code : EUS ) was a professional road bicycle racing team from Spain , Europe . The team was commercially sponsored , but was also partly funded by the Basque Government until the end of 2013 , with riders either from the Basque Country , Navarre , La Rioja , Cantabria and the French Basque Country , or who had grown up in the cycling culture of those regions : This policy was abandoned to enable retention of World Tour status . Its sponsor was Euskaltel , a Basque telecom company . Euskaltel-Euskadi was famous for its all-orange team kits . Whenever the Tour de France passed through the Basque Country many spectators lined the route dressed in the team 's orange or the colours of the Basque flag . The Euskaltel team also has a second team inside the Fundacion Euskadi , this team rode in a continental category , the name of the team was Orbea . This team was created with the aim of forming the young cyclist before going to the Euskaltel-Euskadi ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_Euskaltel–Euskadi_season', 'summary': 'The 2013 season for Euskaltel-Euskadi began in January at the Tour Down Under . As a UCI ProTeam , they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour .'}]}, {'value': 'Fundación Ciclista Euskadi', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spain', 'summary': "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ."}]}, {'value': 'Shimano', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Orbea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Orbea', 'summary': "Orbea is a bicycle manufacturer based in Mallabia , Spain . It is part of the Mondragón Cooperative Corporation and Spain 's largest bicycle manufacturer . Orbea manufactures and assembles bikes at their own factory in Mallabia , with other models being made in Portugal and China ."}]}, {'value': 'FDJ', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'FDJ.fr ( 2013 season )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Groupama–FDJ', 'summary': 'Groupama-FDJ ( UCI team code : GFC ) is a French cycling team at UCI WorldTeam level . The team is managed by Marc Madiot , a former road bicycle racer and winner of the Paris-Roubaix classic in 1985 and 1991 . The team is predominantly French .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_FDJ.fr_season', 'summary': 'The 2013 season for FDJ.fr began in January at the Tour Down Under . As a UCI ProTeam , they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour . Having raced as FDJ-BigMat in 2012 , the team lost their sponsorship , and competed as FDJ for the first half of the season . Prior to the Tour de France , it was announced that the team would change name slightly , becoming FDJ.fr .'}]}, {'value': "Société de Gestion de L'Echappée", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Shimano', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lapierre', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lapierre_Bikes', 'summary': 'Lapierre is a bicycle manufacturing company based in Dijon , France . Lapierre bicycles are ridden by French UCI ProTeam FDJ .'}]}, {'value': 'GRM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Garmin-Sharp ( 2013 season )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/EF_Education_First_Pro_Cycling', 'summary': "EF Education First Pro Cycling ( UCI Code : EF1 ) , is an American professional cycling team . Founded in 2003 , they have competed in the UCI World Tour since 2009 . Headquartered in Boulder , Colorado , United States , the team maintains an equipment and training facility in Girona , Catalonia , Spain . In 2018 , EF Education First , an international education company - founded in Sweden but headquartered and incorporated out of Switzerland - purchased a controlling equity stake in Slipstream Sports , the sports management company behind the team . The founder and CEO is American Jonathan Vaughters and the head sporting director is Briton Charly Wegelius . [ a ] Between the 2009 and the 2019 UCI World Tours , the team finished inside the top-ten on six occasions . Notable results include : the 2009 Vattenfall Cyclassics and the 2010 Vattenfall Cyclassics with American Tyler Farrar , the 2010 Tour de Pologne , the 2013 Volta a Catalunya , the 2013 Liège-Bastogne-Liège , and the 2014 Giro di Lombardia with Irishman Dan Martin , the 2011 Tour Down Under with Australian Cameron Meyer , the 2011 Paris-Roubaix with Belgian Johan Vansummeren , the 2012 Giro d'Italia with Canadian Ryder Hesjedal , the 2014 Critérium du Dauphiné with American Andrew Talansky , the 2019 Tour of Flanders with Italian Alberto Bettiol , and the 2019 Bretagne Classic Ouest-France with Belgian Sep Vanmarcke . Between 2008 and 2019 , the team claimed 25 Grand Tour stages - eight in the Giro d'Italia , eight in the Tour de France , and nine in the Vuelta a España . Colombian Rigoberto Urán and Briton Bradley Wiggins finished second and third , respectively , in the 2017 and 2009 Tours de France . In 2010 , Garmin-Transitions signed Norwegian Thor Hushovd , the reigning UCI Road World Race Champion . In 2010 , Briton David Millar won the silver medal at the UCI Road World Time Trial Championships . In 2015 and 2018 , Lithuanian Ramūnas Navardauskas and Canadian Michael Woods won the bronze medal at their respective UCI Road World Race Championships ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_Garmin–Sharp_season', 'summary': 'The 2013 season for the Garmin-Sharp cycling team began in January at the Tour Down Under . As a UCI ProTeam , they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour .'}]}, {'value': 'Slipstream Sports , LLC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'Shimano', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cervélo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cervélo', 'summary': 'Cervélo Cycles is a Canadian manufacturer of racing and track bicycles . Cervélo uses CAD , computational fluid dynamics , and wind tunnel testing at a variety of facilities including the San Diego Air and Space Technology Center , in California , US , to aid its designs . Frame materials include carbon fibre . Cervélo currently makes 5 series of bikes : the C series and R series of road bikes , the latter featuring multi-shaped , Squoval frame tubes ; the S series of road bikes and P series of triathlon/time trial bikes , both of which feature airfoil shaped down tubes ; and the T series of track bikes .'}]}, {'value': 'OGE', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Orica-GreenEDGE ( 2013 season )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Mitchelton–Scott_(men's_team)", 'summary': "Mitchelton-Scott ( UCI team code : MTS ) is an Australian professional road race cycling team . Launched in January 2011 , it competes at UCI WorldTeam level . The team is under the management of Andrew Ryan and Shayne Bannan with Neil Stephens and Matt White as Sporting Directors . The team ride Scott bikes , wear Giordana Cycling clothing , and wear Scott eyewear . The team has financial backing from Australian businessman Gerry Ryan who owns Jayco Australia . The team has a women 's team and supports its riders competing in track cycling . In 2017 they also established a development team , Mitchelton-BikeExchange . In June 2016 , ahead of the 2016 Tour de France the team announced BikeExchange , an Australian cycling retailer , was stepping up as a title sponsor of the team . Team owner , Gerry Ryan , had previously sought to secure further sponsorship after Orica announced they would stop sponsoring the team after the 2017 season . As of the 2018 season the team is known as Mitchelton-Scott , with Mitchelton Wines as a major sponsor ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_Orica–GreenEDGE_season', 'summary': 'The 2013 season for the Orica-GreenEDGE cycling team began in January at the Bay Classic Series . As a UCI ProTeam , they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour .'}]}, {'value': 'Lachlan Smith', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australia', 'summary': "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Shimano', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scott', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scott_Sports', 'summary': "Scott Sports SA ( formerly Scott USA ) is a Swiss producer of bicycles , winter equipment , motorsports gear and sportswear . The company 's main office is in Givisiez , Switzerland , with branches located around Europe and in the United States , South Africa and India ."}]}, {'value': 'LAM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lampre-Merida ( 2013 season )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UAE_Team_Emirates', 'summary': "UAE Team Emirates ( UCI team code : UAD ) is an Emirati road bicycle racing team . The team competes at UCI WorldTeam level and has done so since the UCI World Tour was formed as the top category of road cycling in 2005 . However the team was temporarily suspended from the ProTour in 2010 , missing one ProTour event . The general manager , Giuseppe Saronni , was himself a famous professional cyclist , a world champion and winner of two editions of the Giro d'Italia ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_Lampre–Merida_season', 'summary': 'The 2013 season for Lampre-Merida began in January at the Tour Down Under . As a UCI ProTeam , they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour . For the 2013 season the team changed from using Wilier bikes to Merida bikes . Although Wilier had been contracted through to the end of the 2013 season , they cited that Lampre broke the terms and conditions of the contract , and terminated their technical sponsorship .'}]}, {'value': 'Total Cycling Limited', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': 'Shimano', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Merida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Merida_Bikes', 'summary': "Merida Industry Co. , Ltd ( MIC ; Chinese : 美利達工業 ) is a Taiwan-based company with R & D headquarters in Germany that designs , manufactures and markets bicycles globally in over 77 countries . Founded in 1972 by Ike Tseng ( 1932-2012 ) , the company designs and manufactures over 2 million bicycles a year at its factories in Taiwan , China and Germany . After Tseng 's death in January 2012 , his son Michael Tseng became the company 's president . After making bicycles as an original equipment manufacturer for numerous other brands , the company established its own brand , Merida , in 1988 . The company currently designs and manufactures bicycles primarily for its own brand - and for brands with which it shares financial interest , including the now German brand Centurion . Merida has been a publicly-traded company on the Taiwanese stock exchange since 1992 and is valued as of 2012 at approximately £350 million , making it one of Taiwan 's largest companies . The name Merida derives roughly from the translation of its three syllables ma-ri-da , which mirror the company 's goal to manufacture bikes that enable the customer to reach their destination ."}]}, {'value': 'CAN', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cannondale ( 2013 season )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liquigas', 'summary': 'Cannondale Pro Cycling Team ( UCI team code : CAN ) , previously known as Liquigas , was an Italian professional road bicycle racing team in the UCI ProTour .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_Cannondale_season', 'summary': 'The 2013 season for Cannondale began in January with the Tour Down Under . As a UCI ProTeam , they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour .'}]}, {'value': 'Brixia Sports', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': 'SRAM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cannondale', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cannondale_Bicycle_Corporation', 'summary': 'The Cannondale Bicycle Corporation is an American division of Canadian conglomerate Dorel Industries that supplies bicycles . It is headquartered in Wilton , Connecticut with manufacturing and assembly facilities in China .'}]}, {'value': 'LTB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lotto-Belisol ( 2013 season )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lotto–Soudal', 'summary': "Lotto-Soudal ( UCI team code : LTS ) is a Belgian professional cycling team at UCI WorldTeam level sponsored by the Belgian lottery and Soudal , an adhesives and sealants manufacturer . For the 2016 and 2017 editions of Paris-Nice , the 2018 Giro d'Italia , and the 2019 Tour de Pologne , the team raced under the name Lotto Fix ALL , and in a different colour of kit , to promote a particular product from the Soudal range . The same organisations also sponsor a women 's cycling team , Lotto-Soudal Ladies ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_Lotto–Belisol_season', 'summary': 'The 2013 season for Lotto-Belisol began in January at the La Tropicale Amissa Bongo . As a UCI ProTeam , they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour .'}]}, {'value': 'Belgian Cycling Company sa', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': 'Campagnolo', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ridley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ridley_(bicycles)', 'summary': 'Ridley Bikes was started in 1997 by Jochim Aerts , a frame builder and painter who had been producing frames for Belgian bicycle companies since 1990 . In a few years , Ridley became the market leader in Belgium for racing bikes . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'MOV', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Movistar Team ( 2013 season )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Movistar_Team_(men's_team)", 'summary': "Movistar Team ( UCI team code : MOV ) is a professional road bicycle racing team which participates at UCI WorldTeam level and has achieved thirteen general classification ( GC ) victories in Grand Tours . The title sponsor is the Spanish mobile telephone company Telefónica , with the team riding under the name of the company 's brand Movistar . The team was formed as Reynolds , led by Ángel Arroyo and later by Pedro Delgado , who won a Tour de France and a Vuelta a España , and was subsequently sponsored by Banesto , under which name the team included 5-time Tour de France winner Miguel Indurain and Alex Zülle , twice winner of the Vuelta a España . The team offices are in Egüés , a municipality of Navarre , Spain , in the metropolitan area of Pamplona . A later sponsor was Caisse d'Epargne , a French semi-cooperative banking group . Having previously used Pinarello bikes , the team rode Canyon frames in 2014 , with Campagnolo parts . Since 2008 , Eusebio Unzué has been the manager of the team after the long running manager , José Miguel Echavarri , retired from the sport . The directeurs sportifs of the team are José Vicente García , Pablo Lastras , José Luis Jaimerena , José Luis Arrieta and Max Sciandri ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_Movistar_Team_season', 'summary': 'The 2013 season for Movistar Team began in January at the Tour Down Under . As a UCI ProTeam , they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour .'}]}, {'value': 'Abarca Sports S.L', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spain', 'summary': "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ."}]}, {'value': 'Campagnolo', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pinarello', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pinarello', 'summary': 'Cicli Pinarello S.p.A. is an Italian bicycle manufacturer based in Treviso , Italy . Founded in 1952 , it supplies mostly handmade bicycles for the road , track and cyclo-cross . The company also produces bicycles under the Opera brand name , and has an in-house component brand - MOST . In December 2016 , the company was acquired by L Catterton , a private equity group associated with LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton SE , better known as LVMH .'}]}, {'value': 'OPQ', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Omega Pharma-Quick-Step ( 2013 season )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Deceuninck–Quick-Step', 'summary': 'Deceuninck-Quick-Step ( UCI team code : DQT ) is a Belgian UCI WorldTeam cycling team led by team manager Patrick Lefevere . The directeurs sportifs are Davide Bramati , Wilfried Peeters , Rik Van Slycke , Tom Steels , Brian Holm and Jan Schaffrath .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_Omega_Pharma–Quick-Step_season', 'summary': 'The 2013 season for Omega Pharma-Quick-Step began in January at the Tour de San Luis . As a UCI ProTeam , they were automatically invited and obliged to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour .'}]}, {'value': 'Esperanza bvba', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': 'SRAM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Specialized', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'BEL', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Belkin Pro Cycling ( 2013 season )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Team_Jumbo–Visma', 'summary': "Team Jumbo-Visma is a men 's professional bicycle racing team , successor of the former Rabobank . The team consists of three sections : ProTeam ( the UCI WorldTeam team ) , Continental ( a talent team racing in the UCI Europe Tour ) , and Cyclo-cross . The cycling team was founded for the 1984 season under the name Kwantum-Decosol , anchored by Jan Raas , with mostly cyclists coming from the TI-Raleigh cycling team . With Raas as directeur sportif from 1985 onwards , the head sponsor was succeeded by Superconfex , Buckler , Wordperfect and Novell , respectively , before Raas signed a contract with Rabobank , a Dutch association of credit unions , in 1996 . After Rabobank sponsorship ended in 2012 , it was known as Blanco , Belkin , and then Lotto-Jumbo . Since 1984 , the team has entered every Tour de France and since the introduction of divisions in 1998 , the team has always been in the first division . A 2012 investigation by Dutch newspaper de Volkskrant concluded that doping was at least tolerated , from the team 's 1996 beginnings as Rabobank until at least 2007 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_Belkin_Pro_Cycling_season', 'summary': 'The 2013 season for the Belkin Pro Cycling team began in January at the Tour Down Under . As a UCI ProTeam , they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour . Having lost the sponsorship of Rabobank after seventeen years in the sport , the team were able to compete during the 2013 season due to Rabobank funding . As a result , the team ran as the Blanco Pro Cycling team for the first half of the season . Prior to the Tour de France , it was announced that Belkin , an American manufacturer of consumer electronics , acquired title sponsorship of the team in a \u200b2 1⁄2-year deal .'}]}, {'value': 'Rabo Wielerploegen', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Netherlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Netherlands', 'summary': "The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' ."}]}, {'value': 'Shimano', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Giant', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Giant_Bicycles', 'summary': "Giant Manufacturing Co. Ltd. ( commonly known as Giant ) is a Taiwanese bicycle manufacturer that is recognized as the world 's largest bicycle manufacturer . Giant has manufacturing facilities in Taiwan , the Netherlands , and China ."}]}, {'value': 'KAT', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Team Katusha ( 2013 season )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Katusha–Alpecin', 'summary': "Katusha-Alpecin ( Russian : Катюша , UCI team code : TKA ) was a Swiss road bicycle racing team which competed at UCI WorldTeam level using Canyon bikes . The team was created in 2008 by Igor Makarov within the framework of the previously established Russian Global Cycling Project , which was intended to help cycling in Russia to move to a qualitatively new level . In 2017 the team took an international direction , still supported by Igor Makarov 's company ARETI International Group , clothing company Katusha Sports and German shampoo manufacturer Alpecin . The team competed as a UCI ProTeam/WorldTour team between 2009 and 2019 . Joaquim Rodríguez , Alexander Kristoff , Daniel Moreno , Simon Špilak , Filippo Pozzato , Luca Paolini , Ilnur Zakarin , and Tony Martin are some of the most successful riders who rode for Katusha . In 2019 , the team was taken over by Israel Cycling Academy , along with its UCI World Tour license ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_Team_Katusha_season', 'summary': 'The 2013 season for Team Katusha began in January at the Tour de San Luis . After the 2012 season , Katusha lost their UCI World Tour license , despite having in their ranks the champion of the 2012 season ( Joaquim Rodríguez ) and finishing the 2012 UCI World Tour team rankings in second position . The team appealed that decision before the Court of Arbitration for Sport and it was announced on 15 February 2013 that the decision of the UCI was overturned and that Katusha would be part of the 2013 UCI World Tour .'}]}, {'value': 'Katusha Management SA', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': 'Shimano', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canyon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canyon_Bicycles', 'summary': 'Canyon Bicycles GmbH ( abbr . : Canyon ) is a German manufacturer of racing bikes , mountain bikes and triathlon bikes based in Koblenz , Germany .'}]}, {'value': 'RLT', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'RadioShack-Leopard ( 2013 season )', 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Trek–Segafredo_(men's_team)", 'summary': 'Trek-Segafredo ( UCI team code : TFS ) is a professional road bicycle racing team at UCI WorldTeam level licensed in the United States . Formerly RadioShack-Nissan , in 2014 , Trek took over the ownership of the team and its ProTeam License .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_RadioShack–Leopard_season', 'summary': 'As of 1 January 2013 .'}]}, {'value': 'Trek Bicycle Corporation', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Luxembourg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luxembourg', 'summary': "Luxembourg ( /ˈlʌksəmbɜːrɡ/ ( listen ) LUK-səm-burg ; Luxembourgish : Lëtzebuerg [ ˈlətsəbuə̯ɕ ] ( listen ) ; French : Luxembourg ; German : Luxemburg ) , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , [ c ] is a landlocked country in western Europe . It is bordered by Belgium to the west and north , Germany to the east , and France to the south . Its capital , Luxembourg City , is one of the four official capitals of the European Union ( together with Brussels , Frankfurt , and Strasbourg ) and the seat of the European Court of Justice , the highest judicial authority in the EU . Its culture , people , and languages are highly intertwined with its neighbours , making it essentially a mixture of French and German cultures , as evident by the nation 's three official languages : French , German , and the national language of Luxembourgish . The repeated invasions by Germany , especially in World War II , resulted in the country 's strong will for mediation between France and Germany and , among other things , led to the foundation of the European Union . With an area of 2,586 square kilometres ( 998 sq mi ) , it is one of the smallest sovereign states in Europe . In 2019 , Luxembourg had a population of 613,894 , which makes it one of the least-populous countries in Europe , but by far the one with the highest population growth rate . Foreigners account for nearly half of Luxembourg 's population . As a representative democracy with a constitutional monarch , it is headed by Grand Duke Henri and is the world 's only remaining sovereign grand duchy . Luxembourg is a developed country , with an advanced economy and one of the world 's highest GDP ( PPP ) per capita . The City of Luxembourg with its old quarters and fortifications was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994 due to the exceptional preservation of the vast fortifications and the old city . The history of Luxembourg is considered to begin in 963 , when count Siegfried acquired a rocky promontory and its Roman-era fortifications known as Lucilinburhuc , little castle , and the surrounding area from the Imperial Abbey of St. Maximin in nearby Trier ."}]}, {'value': 'Shimano', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Trek', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trek_Bicycle_Corporation', 'summary': 'Trek Bicycle Corporation is a bicycle and cycling product manufacturer and distributor under brand names Trek , Electra Bicycle Company , Bontrager , and Diamant Bikes . The company has previously manufactured bikes under the Gary Fisher , LeMond Racing Cycles , Klein , and Villiger Bikes brand names . With its headquarters in Waterloo , Wisconsin , Trek bicycles are marketed through 1,700 independently owned bicycle shops across North America , subsidiaries in Europe , Asia , South Africa , as well as distributors in 90 countries worldwide . Most Trek bicycles are manufactured outside the United States , in countries including the Netherlands , Germany , Taiwan and China .'}]}, {'value': 'SAX', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saxo-Tinkoff ( 2013 season )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tinkoff_(cycling_team)', 'summary': "Tinkoff ( UCI team code : TNK ) was a Russian-registered professional cycling team from Russia . It competed in the UCI World Tour . The team was owned by Russian Oleg Tinkov and , from 1999 until March 2015 , was managed by former Tour de France winner Bjarne Riis . The team was sponsored by the Russian Tinkoff Bank , a credit systems company . Founded in 1998 as home-Jack & Jones , the team started in cycling 's second division . In 2000 it moved into the top division , now known as the UCI World Tour . Since 2000 , under differing sponsor names ( Memory Card-Jack & Jones and CSC-Tiscali ) , the team rode the Tour de France . It has won the overall classification in all three of the Grand Tours . In the 2008 Tour de France , Carlos Sastre won the general classification , Andy Schleck won the young rider classification , and the team won the overall team classification , and Ivan Basso won the 2006 Giro d'Italia , as well as finishing third and second in the 2004 and 2005 Tour de France . In addition , the team has won many major classics , including 6 Monuments . The team won the UCI ProTour 's team classification each year from 2005 through 2007 , and the team classification in the 2010 UCI World Ranking . In March 2015 the team confirmed that Riis had been removed from active duty due to differences between Riis and Tinkov ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_Saxo–Tinkoff_season', 'summary': "The 2013 season for Saxo-Tinkoff began in January with the Tour Down Under . As a UCI ProTeam , they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour . On 25 June 2012 , it was announced that the Russian Tinkoff Bank would join the team as co-sponsors for the rest of the 2012 season and through to the end of 2013 . Saxo Bank also renewed their sponsorship through 2013 , with the team 's name thus becoming Saxo-Tinkoff ."}]}, {'value': 'Riis Cycling A/S', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Denmark', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Denmark', 'summary': 'Denmark ( Danish : Danmark , pronounced [ ˈtænmak ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Denmark , [ N 10 ] [ N 2 ] is a Nordic country in Northwest Europe . Denmark proper , which is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries , consists of a peninsula , Jutland , and an archipelago of 443 named islands , [ N 2 ] with the largest being Zealand , Funen and the North Jutlandic Island . The islands are characterised by flat , arable land and sandy coasts , low elevation and a temperate climate . The southernmost of the Scandinavian nations , Denmark lies southwest of Sweden and south of Norway , [ N 11 ] and is bordered to the south by Germany . The Kingdom of Denmark also includes two autonomous territories in the North Atlantic Ocean : the Faroe Islands and Greenland . Denmark has a total area of 42,924 km2 ( 16,573 sq mi ) , land area of 42,394 km2 ( 16,368 sq mi ) , and the total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2,210,579 km2 ( 853,509 sq mi ) , and a population of 5.8 million in Denmark proper ( Danish egentlige Danmark ) ( as of 2020 [ update ] ) . The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 8th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea . Denmark , Sweden , and Norway were ruled together under one sovereign ruler in the Kalmar Union , established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523 . The areas of Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until 1814 , Denmark-Norway . Beginning in the 17th century , there were several devastating wars with the Swedish Empire , ending with large cessions of territory to Sweden . After the Napoleonic Wars , Norway was ceded to Sweden , while Denmark kept the Faroe Islands , Greenland , and Iceland . In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements , which were defeated in the First Schleswig War .'}]}, {'value': 'SRAM', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Specialized', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'SKY', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Team Sky ( 2013 season )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Team_Ineos', 'summary': "Team Ineos ( UCI team code : INS ) ( formerly Team Sky from 2010-2019 ) is a British professional cycling team that competes at UCI WorldTeam level . The team is based at the National Cycling Centre in Manchester , England , with a logistics base in Deinze , Belgium . The team is managed by British Cycling 's former performance director , Sir Dave Brailsford . The team launched in 2010 with the ambition of winning the Tour de France with a British rider within five years , a goal achieved within just three years when Bradley Wiggins won the 2012 Tour de France , becoming the first British winner in its history , while teammate and fellow Briton Chris Froome finished as the runner up and then went on to win the 2013 Tour de France , thereby achieving the team 's primary aim twice over within the original five-year time period . Froome won Sky 's third Tour de France title in 2015 , fourth in 2016 and fifth in 2017 . Froome also went on to win the 2017 Vuelta a España and the 2018 Giro d'Italia , making him the champion of all three Grand Tours at once . Froome was also retrospectively awarded victory in the 2011 Vuelta a España , after the original victor Juan José Cobo was stripped of his title due to an anti-doping violation . Team Ineos also won the 2018 Tour de France with Geraint Thomas and the 2019 Tour de France with Egan Bernal , meaning that the team have won seven of the last eight editions of the Tour de France . Following the decision by British media company Sky UK not to renew sponsorship , the team secured financial support from the British chemicals group Ineos , with the team thereby renamed as Team Ineos from April 2019 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_Team_Sky_season', 'summary': 'The 2013 season for Team Sky began in January at the Tour Down Under . As a UCI ProTeam , they were automatically invited and obliged to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour .'}]}, {'value': 'Tour Racing Limited', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United Kingdom', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'Shimano', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pinarello', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'VCD', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vacansoleil-DCM ( 2013 season )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vacansoleil–DCM', 'summary': 'Vacansoleil-DCM Pro Cycling Team was a Dutch professional road race cycling team . They were a UCI ProTeam and competed in the UCI World Tour . The team was established in 2005 , as the successor of P3 Transfer-Batavus , while also taking over many of the riders and staff of Cycle Collstrop , the former team of manager Van der Schueren . Neither Vacansoleil or DCM renewed their sponsorship of the program after the 2013 season .'}, {'url': '/wiki/2013_Vacansoleil–DCM_season', 'summary': 'The 2013 season for Vacansoleil-DCM began in January at the Tour Down Under . As a UCI ProTeam , they were automatically invited and obligated to send a squad to every event in the UCI World Tour .'}]}, {'value': 'STL-Pro Cycling B.V', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Netherlands', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Netherlands', 'summary': "The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' ."}]}, {'value': 'Shimano', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bianchi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bianchi_Bicycles', 'summary': "F.I.V . Edoardo Bianchi S.p.A , commonly known as Bianchi ( [ ˈbjaŋki ] ) is the world 's oldest bicycle manufacturing company in existence , having pioneered the use of equal-sized wheels with pneumatic rubber tires . [ citation needed ] The company was founded in Italy in 1885 and in addition to bicycles it produced motorcycles from 1897 to 1967 . In 1955 the joint-venture Autobianchi was created together with Fiat and Pirelli for the manufacturing of cars - Autobianchi was subsequently sold to Fiat in 1969 . Throughout its modern era , Bianchi has been associated with the Italian Giro d'Italia and Tour de France winners , Fausto Coppi , Marco Pantani and Felice Gimondi ."}]}], 'section_title': 'UCI Teams -- UCI ProTeams', 'section_text': 'Main article : List of 2013 UCI ProTeams', 'uid': "2013_in_men's_road_cycling_1", 'intro': 'The World Road Championships was held in Florence, Italy.'}
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What is the code of the team whose country consists of 50 states ?
BMC
04d739c7d2a559b4
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Baptist_churches_on_the_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_in_Alabama', 'title': 'List of Baptist churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Alabama', 'header': ['Name', 'Historic register', 'Locality', 'County', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': '16th Street Baptist Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/16th_Street_Baptist_Church', 'summary': 'The 16th Street Baptist Church is a Baptist church in Birmingham , Alabama , that is frequented predominantly by African Americans . In 1963 , the church was the target of the racially motivated bombing that killed four young girls in the midst of the Civil Rights Movement . The church is still in operation and is a central landmark in the Birmingham Civil Rights District . It was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 2006 . Since 2008 , it has also been on the UNESCO list of tentative World Heritage Sites .'}]}, {'value': 'NHL and NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Birmingham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama', 'summary': "Birmingham ( /ˈbɜːrmɪŋhæm/ BUR-ming-ham ) is a city in the north central region of the U.S. state of Alabama . With an estimated 2018 population of 209,880 , it is the most populous city in Alabama . Birmingham is the seat of Jefferson County , Alabama 's most populous and fifth largest county . As of 2018 , the Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 1,151,801 , making it the most populous in Alabama and 49th-most populous in the United States . Birmingham serves as an important regional hub and is associated with the Deep South , Piedmont , and Appalachian regions of the nation . Birmingham was founded in 1871 , during the post-Civil War Reconstruction era , through the merger of three farm towns , most notably Elyton . The new city was named for Birmingham , England , the United Kingdom 's second largest city and then a major industrial city . The Alabama city annexed its smaller neighbors as it developed into a major industrial center based on mining , the iron and steel industry , and rail transport . Most of the original settlers were of English ancestry . The city was developed as a place where low paid , non-unionized immigrants ( mainly Irish and Italian ) , along with African-Americans from rural Alabama , who worked in the city 's steel mills and blast furnaces and gave it a competitive advantage over unionized industrial cities of the Midwest and Northeast . :14"}]}, {'value': 'Jefferson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Alabama', 'summary': 'Jefferson County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Alabama , located in the central portion of the state . As of the 2010 census , its population was 658,466 . Its county seat is Birmingham , the most populous city in the state . Its rapid growth as an industrial city in the 20th century , based on heavy manufacturing in steel and iron , established its dominance . Jefferson County is the central county of the Birmingham-Hoover , AL Metropolitan Statistical Area . In 2011 , Jefferson County was $ 4.2 billion in debt and declared bankruptcy . The financial problems were related to costs of a huge sewer project . Corruption was found among six county commissioners . This was the largest Chapter 9 ( municipal ) bankruptcy in the United States , until it was surpassed by that of Detroit , Michigan in 2013 . Jefferson County emerged from bankruptcy in December 2013 , following the approval of a bankruptcy plan by the United States bankruptcy court for the Northern District of Alabama , writing off more than $ 1.4 billion of the debt .'}]}, {'value': 'Built in 1911 . Significant for its participation in the Civil Rights Movement', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ackerville Baptist Church of Christ', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ackerville_Baptist_Church_of_Christ', 'summary': 'The Ackerville Baptist Church of Christ is a historic Baptist Church of Christ building in Ackerville , Alabama . The one-story Greek Revival style church was built in 1848 . It was added to the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on July 22 , 1991 and to the National Register of Historic Places on April 18 , 2003 due to its architectural significance .'}]}, {'value': 'NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ackerville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ackerville,_Alabama', 'summary': 'Ackerville is an unincorporated community in Wilcox County , Alabama , United States . Ackerville has one site included on the National Register of Historic Places , the Ackerville Baptist Church of Christ .'}]}, {'value': 'Wilcox', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wilcox_County,_Alabama', 'summary': 'Wilcox County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama . As of the 2010 census , the population was 11,670 . Its county seat is Camden .'}]}, {'value': 'Built in 1848 . Significant as an example of Greek Revival architecture in a rural religious building', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aimwell Baptist Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aimwell_Baptist_Church', 'summary': 'Aimwell Baptist Church is a historic African American church in Mobile , Alabama . The Baptist congregation was established in 1890 by two brothers . It took two years for the erection of the first building . The current building , with Gothic Revival influences , was designed in 1946 by Nathaniel Heningburg and incorporates elements from the original structure . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 29 , 2008 .'}]}, {'value': 'NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mobile', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mobile,_Alabama', 'summary': "Mobile ( /moʊˈbiːl/ moh-BEEL , French : [ mɔbil ] ( listen ) ) is the county seat of Mobile County , Alabama , United States . The population within the city limits was 195,111 as of the 2010 United States Census , making it the third most populous city in Alabama , the most populous in Mobile County , and the largest municipality on the Gulf Coast between New Orleans , Louisiana , and St. Petersburg , Florida . Alabama 's only saltwater port , Mobile is located on the Mobile River at the head of the Mobile Bay and the north-central Gulf Coast . The Port of Mobile has always played a key role in the economic health of the city , beginning with the settlement as an important trading center between the French colonists and Native Americans , down to its current role as the 12th-largest port in the United States . Mobile is the principal municipality of the Mobile metropolitan area . This region of 412,992 residents is composed solely of Mobile County ; it is the third-largest metropolitan statistical area in the state . Mobile is the largest city in the Mobile-Daphne−Fairhope CSA , with a total population of 604,726 , the second largest in the state . As of 2011 [ update ] , the population within a 60-mile ( 100 km ) radius of Mobile is 1,262,907 . Mobile was founded in 1702 by the French as the first capital of Louisiana . During its first 100 years , Mobile was a colony of France , then Britain , and lastly Spain . Mobile became a part of the United States in 1813 , with the annexation by President James Madison of West Florida from Spain . The city surrendered to Federal forces on April 12 , 1865 , after Union victories at two forts protecting the city ."}]}, {'value': 'Mobile', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mobile_County,_Alabama', 'summary': "Mobile County ( /moʊˈbiːl/ moh-BEEL ) is a county located in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Alabama . It is the second most-populous county in the state after Jefferson County . As of the 2010 census , its population was 412,992 . Its county seat is Mobile , which was founded as a deepwater port on the Mobile River . The only such port in Alabama , it has long been integral to the economy for providing access to inland waterways as well as the Gulf of Mexico . The city , river , and county were named in honor of Maubila , a village of the paramount chief Tuskaloosa of the regional Mississippian culture . In 1540 he arranged an ambush of soldiers of Hernando de Soto 's expedition in an effort to expel them from the territory . The Spaniards were armed with guns and killed many of the tribe . Today Mobile County comprises the Mobile , Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area . The northern border of Mobile County and southern area of neighboring Washington County constitute the homeland of the state-recognized tribe of MOWA Band of Choctaw Indians , descendants of Choctaw and Creek who stayed in this area during the period of Indian Removal . They have organized to preserve their culture and language . They were the first of nine tribes to be recognized by the state ."}]}, {'value': 'Congregation established in 1890 , current building built in 1946 . Significant as an early African American Baptist congregation', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bethel Baptist Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bethel_Baptist_Church_(Birmingham,_Alabama)', 'summary': "Bethel Baptist Church is a historic church at 3200 28th Avenue North in the Collegeville neighborhood of Birmingham , Alabama . The church served as headquarters from 1956 to 1961 for the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights ( ACMHR ) , which was led by Fred Shuttlesworth and active in the Birmingham during the Civil Rights Movement . The ACMHR focused on legal and nonviolent direct action against segregated accommodations , transportation , schools and employment discrimination . It played a crucial role in the 1961 Freedom Ride that resulted in federal enforcement of U.S. Supreme Court and Interstate Commerce Commission rulings to desegregate public transportation . The church 's complex during the historic events of the 1950s and 1960s , located nearby on 29th Avenue North , was added to the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on November 13 , 1996 . It was then added to the National Register of Historic Places and declared a National Historic Landmark on April 5 , 2005 . On January 30 , 2008 , the US Government submitted it to UNESCO as part of an envisaged future World Heritage nomination ( along with the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church and the 16th Street Baptist Church ) and as such it is on the so-called UNESCO 'Tentative List of World Heritage Sites ' ."}]}, {'value': 'NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Birmingham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama', 'summary': "Birmingham ( /ˈbɜːrmɪŋhæm/ BUR-ming-ham ) is a city in the north central region of the U.S. state of Alabama . With an estimated 2018 population of 209,880 , it is the most populous city in Alabama . Birmingham is the seat of Jefferson County , Alabama 's most populous and fifth largest county . As of 2018 , the Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 1,151,801 , making it the most populous in Alabama and 49th-most populous in the United States . Birmingham serves as an important regional hub and is associated with the Deep South , Piedmont , and Appalachian regions of the nation . Birmingham was founded in 1871 , during the post-Civil War Reconstruction era , through the merger of three farm towns , most notably Elyton . The new city was named for Birmingham , England , the United Kingdom 's second largest city and then a major industrial city . The Alabama city annexed its smaller neighbors as it developed into a major industrial center based on mining , the iron and steel industry , and rail transport . Most of the original settlers were of English ancestry . The city was developed as a place where low paid , non-unionized immigrants ( mainly Irish and Italian ) , along with African-Americans from rural Alabama , who worked in the city 's steel mills and blast furnaces and gave it a competitive advantage over unionized industrial cities of the Midwest and Northeast . :14"}]}, {'value': 'Jefferson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Alabama', 'summary': 'Jefferson County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Alabama , located in the central portion of the state . As of the 2010 census , its population was 658,466 . Its county seat is Birmingham , the most populous city in the state . Its rapid growth as an industrial city in the 20th century , based on heavy manufacturing in steel and iron , established its dominance . Jefferson County is the central county of the Birmingham-Hoover , AL Metropolitan Statistical Area . In 2011 , Jefferson County was $ 4.2 billion in debt and declared bankruptcy . The financial problems were related to costs of a huge sewer project . Corruption was found among six county commissioners . This was the largest Chapter 9 ( municipal ) bankruptcy in the United States , until it was surpassed by that of Detroit , Michigan in 2013 . Jefferson County emerged from bankruptcy in December 2013 , following the approval of a bankruptcy plan by the United States bankruptcy court for the Northern District of Alabama , writing off more than $ 1.4 billion of the debt .'}]}, {'value': 'Significant for its participation in the Civil Rights Movement', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canaan Baptist Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canaan_Baptist_Church_(Bessemer,_Alabama)', 'summary': 'Canaan Baptist Church is a historic church at 824 Fifteenth Street North in Bessemer , Alabama . Built in 1961 , it had a congregation active in the Civil Rights Movement of the 20th century and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005 . Established in 1865 by Reverend W. M. Grimes , a white minister , Canaan Baptist is among the oldest African-American Baptist congregations in Bessemer . Many of its congregation had belonged to the white-dominated Canaan Baptist Church before the American Civil War but , with freedom , wanted to have an independent congregation . Southern African-American congregations soon set up state Baptist associations , aided by churches in the Midwest , and eventually the National Baptist Convention ( which split in the 20th century ) . The white Canaan Baptist church also still operates in Bessemer as part of the Southern Baptist Convention . Canaan Baptist Church in Bessemer was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005 for its role as a locally significant property and key strategy center in the city during the Civil Rights Movement in the Birmingham area from the early to mid-1960s . The African-American congregation of Canaan Baptist has occupied this lot in downtown Bessemer since 1889 . The first church building on the current lot , at the corner of 9th Avenue and 15th Street , was opened in 1940 during the ministry of Reverend E. L. Plant . It was completed until 1947 . The following year the Reverend Dr. J. H. Browder became the minister of Canaan Baptist Church . The present church building , constructed in 1961 , is the second on the lot and was built under the direction of Rev .'}]}, {'value': 'NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bessemer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bessemer,_Alabama', 'summary': "Bessemer is a city southwest of Birmingham in Jefferson County , Alabama , United States . The population was 27,456 at the 2010 Census . It is within the Birmingham-Hoover , AL Metropolitan Statistical Area , of which Jefferson County is the center . It developed rapidly as an industrial city in the late 19th and early 20th centuries . In 2019 it was named Alabama 's Worst City to Live in by 24/7 Wall Street ."}]}, {'value': 'Jefferson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Alabama', 'summary': 'Jefferson County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Alabama , located in the central portion of the state . As of the 2010 census , its population was 658,466 . Its county seat is Birmingham , the most populous city in the state . Its rapid growth as an industrial city in the 20th century , based on heavy manufacturing in steel and iron , established its dominance . Jefferson County is the central county of the Birmingham-Hoover , AL Metropolitan Statistical Area . In 2011 , Jefferson County was $ 4.2 billion in debt and declared bankruptcy . The financial problems were related to costs of a huge sewer project . Corruption was found among six county commissioners . This was the largest Chapter 9 ( municipal ) bankruptcy in the United States , until it was surpassed by that of Detroit , Michigan in 2013 . Jefferson County emerged from bankruptcy in December 2013 , following the approval of a bankruptcy plan by the United States bankruptcy court for the Northern District of Alabama , writing off more than $ 1.4 billion of the debt .'}]}, {'value': 'Significant for its participation in the Civil Rights Movement', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'County Line Baptist Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/County_Line_Baptist_Church', 'summary': 'County Line Baptist Church is a historic Southern Baptist church east of Dudleyville , Alabama . The church was first organized on May 2 , 1835 in the frontier home of William C. Morgan . Morgan purchased the two acre site from Creek Indians and contributed it to the church . The current church building on the site was built in 1890 , and has been in continuous use and remained virtually unaltered since its construction . The Church was added to the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on January 14 , 1980 and the National Register of Historic Places on August 19 , 1982 .'}]}, {'value': 'NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dudleyville vicinity', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dudleyville,_Alabama', 'summary': 'Dudleyville , also known as Pittsborough , is an unincorporated community in Tallapoosa County , Alabama , United States . Dudleyville was named for Peter Dudley , who established the first trading post in the area . The town was incorporated on February 2 , 1839 . A post office was operated in Dudleyville from 1836 to 1907 . Major Lemuel Montgomery , the first American soldier killed in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend , was formerly buried in the Dudleyville cemetery , before his grave was moved to Horseshoe Bend National Military Park . Abram Mordecai , a trader who installed the first cotton gin in Alabama , lived for a time in Dudleyville . It was here that Albert J. Pickett visited him in 1847 and gathered information from him to use in his History of Alabama . County Line Baptist Church , which is located east of Dudleyville , is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .'}]}, {'value': 'Chambers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chambers_County,_Alabama', 'summary': 'Chambers County is a county located in the east central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama . As of the 2010 census the population was 34,215 . Its county seat is Lafayette . Its name is in honor of Henry H. Chambers , who served as a United States Senator from Alabama . Chambers County is included in the Valley , AL Micropolitan Statistical Area and the Columbus-Auburn-Opelika , GA-AL Combined Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Built in 1889', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dexter Avenue Baptist Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dexter_Avenue_Baptist_Church', 'summary': "Dexter Avenue Baptist Church is a Baptist church in Montgomery , Alabama , United States . The church was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1974 . On January 1 , 2008 the US Government also submitted it to UNESCO as part of an envisaged future World Heritage nomination and as such it is on the UNESCO 'Tentative List of World Heritage Sites ' . In 1978 the official name was changed to the Dexter Avenue King Memorial Baptist Church , in memory of Martin Luther King Jr. , who was pastor there and helped to organize the Montgomery Bus Boycott in the church 's basement . The church is located steps away from the Alabama State Capitol ."}]}, {'value': 'NHL and NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Montgomery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama', 'summary': "Montgomery is the capital city of the U.S. state of Alabama and the county seat of Montgomery County . Named for Richard Montgomery , it stands beside the Alabama River , on the coastal Plain of the Gulf of Mexico . In the 2010 Census , Montgomery 's population was 205,764 . It is the second most populous city in Alabama , after Birmingham , and is the 118th most populous in the United States . The Montgomery Metropolitan Statistical Area 's population in 2010 was estimated at 374,536 ; it is the fourth largest in the state and 136th among United States metropolitan areas . The city was incorporated in 1819 as a merger of two towns situated along the Alabama River . It became the state capital in 1846 , representing the shift of power to the south-central area of Alabama with the growth of cotton as a commodity crop of the Black Belt and the rise of Mobile as a mercantile port on the Gulf Coast . In February 1861 , Montgomery was chosen the first capital of the Confederate States of America , which it remained until the Confederate seat of government moved to Richmond , Virginia , in May of that year . In the middle of the 20th century , Montgomery was a major center of events and protests in the Civil Rights Movement , including the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Selma to Montgomery marches . In addition to housing many Alabama government agencies , Montgomery has a large military presence , due to Maxwell Air Force Base ; public universities Alabama State University , Troy University ( Montgomery campus ) , and Auburn University at Montgomery ; two private post-secondary institutions , Faulkner University and Huntingdon College ; high-tech manufacturing , including Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama ; and many cultural attractions , such as the Alabama Shakespeare Festival and the Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts . Two ships of the United States Navy have been named after the city , including USS Montgomery . Montgomery has also been recognized nationally for its downtown revitalization and new urbanism projects ."}]}, {'value': 'Montgomery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Alabama', 'summary': 'Montgomery County is a county located in the south central portion of the State of Alabama . As of the 2010 census , its population was 229,363 , making it the fourth-most populous county in Alabama . Its county seat is Montgomery , the state capital . Montgomery County is included in the Montgomery , AL Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Built in 1883-89 . Significant for its association with Dr. Martin Luther King , Jr. and its participation in the Civil Rights Movement', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'East End Baptist Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_End_Baptist_Church', 'summary': 'East End Baptist Church is a historic Baptist church building at 2609 Sixth Ave. South in Birmingham , Alabama . It was built in 1963 in a Renaissance style and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005 .'}]}, {'value': 'NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Birmingham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama', 'summary': "Birmingham ( /ˈbɜːrmɪŋhæm/ BUR-ming-ham ) is a city in the north central region of the U.S. state of Alabama . With an estimated 2018 population of 209,880 , it is the most populous city in Alabama . Birmingham is the seat of Jefferson County , Alabama 's most populous and fifth largest county . As of 2018 , the Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 1,151,801 , making it the most populous in Alabama and 49th-most populous in the United States . Birmingham serves as an important regional hub and is associated with the Deep South , Piedmont , and Appalachian regions of the nation . Birmingham was founded in 1871 , during the post-Civil War Reconstruction era , through the merger of three farm towns , most notably Elyton . The new city was named for Birmingham , England , the United Kingdom 's second largest city and then a major industrial city . The Alabama city annexed its smaller neighbors as it developed into a major industrial center based on mining , the iron and steel industry , and rail transport . Most of the original settlers were of English ancestry . The city was developed as a place where low paid , non-unionized immigrants ( mainly Irish and Italian ) , along with African-Americans from rural Alabama , who worked in the city 's steel mills and blast furnaces and gave it a competitive advantage over unionized industrial cities of the Midwest and Northeast . :14"}]}, {'value': 'Jefferson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Alabama', 'summary': 'Jefferson County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Alabama , located in the central portion of the state . As of the 2010 census , its population was 658,466 . Its county seat is Birmingham , the most populous city in the state . Its rapid growth as an industrial city in the 20th century , based on heavy manufacturing in steel and iron , established its dominance . Jefferson County is the central county of the Birmingham-Hoover , AL Metropolitan Statistical Area . In 2011 , Jefferson County was $ 4.2 billion in debt and declared bankruptcy . The financial problems were related to costs of a huge sewer project . Corruption was found among six county commissioners . This was the largest Chapter 9 ( municipal ) bankruptcy in the United States , until it was surpassed by that of Detroit , Michigan in 2013 . Jefferson County emerged from bankruptcy in December 2013 , following the approval of a bankruptcy plan by the United States bankruptcy court for the Northern District of Alabama , writing off more than $ 1.4 billion of the debt .'}]}, {'value': 'Significant for its participation in the Civil Rights Movement', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ebenezer Missionary Baptist Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ebenezer_Missionary_Baptist_Church_(Auburn,_Alabama)', 'summary': 'The Ebenezer Missionary Baptist Church is a church on the National Register of Historic Places in Auburn , Alabama . Ebenezer Baptist Church was the first African American church built in the Auburn area after the end of the Civil War in 1865 . Over the next few years , the church members built the church out of hand-hewn logs , transported from miles away by mules . The church was completed around 1870 and served the Ebenezer congregation until 1969 . The building was restored in 1970 by the Auburn Heritage Association , and currently houses the Auburn Unitarian Universalist Fellowship . The Ebenezer Missionary Baptist Church was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 21 , 1975 .'}]}, {'value': 'NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Auburn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Auburn,_Alabama', 'summary': "Auburn is a city in Lee County , Alabama , United States . It is the largest city in eastern Alabama with a 2018 population of 65,738 . It is a principal city of the Auburn-Opelika Metropolitan Area . The Auburn-Opelika , AL MSA with a population of 158,991 , along with the Columbus , GA-AL MSA and Tuskegee , Alabama , comprises the greater Columbus-Auburn-Opelika , GA-AL CSA , a region home to 501,649 residents . Auburn is a historic college town and is the home of Auburn University . It is Alabama 's fastest-growing metropolitan area and the nineteenth fastest-growing metro area in the United States since 1990 . [ citation needed ] U.S. News ranked Auburn among its top ten list of best places to live in the United States for the year 2009 . The city 's unofficial nickname is The Loveliest Village On The Plains , taken from a line in the poem The Deserted Village by Oliver Goldsmith : Sweet Auburn ! loveliest village of the plain ."}]}, {'value': 'Lee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lee_County,_Alabama', 'summary': 'Lee County is a county located in east central Alabama . As of the 2010 census the population was 140,247 . The county seat is Opelika , and the largest city is Auburn . The county is named for General Robert E. Lee ( 1807-1870 ) , who served as General in Chief of the Armies of the Confederate States in 1865 . Lee County comprises the Auburn-Opelika , AL Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is included in the Columbus-Auburn-Opelika , GA-AL Combined Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Current building completed in 1908 . It was the first African American congregation founded in the Auburn area , in 1865', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First African Baptist Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_African_Baptist_Church_(Tuscaloosa,_Alabama)', 'summary': 'First African Baptist Church is a historic church at 2621 9th Street in Tuscaloosa , Alabama . It was built in 1907 from a congregation established in 1866 , and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988 .'}]}, {'value': 'NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tuscaloosa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tuscaloosa,_Alabama', 'summary': "Tuscaloosa ( /tʌskəˈluːsə/ TUS-kə-LOO-sə ) is a city in and the seat of Tuscaloosa County in west central Alabama ( in the southeastern United States ) . Located on the Black Warrior River at the Atlantic Seaboard fall line of the Piedmont , it is the fifth-largest city in Alabama , with an estimated population of 100,287 in 2017 . The city was originally known as Tuskaloosa until the early 20th century . Incorporated as a town on December 13 , 1819 , it was named after Tuskaloosa , the chief of a band of Muskogean-speaking people . They battled and were defeated by forces of Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto in 1540 in the Battle of Mabila , thought to have been located in what is now central Alabama . Tuscaloosa served as Alabama 's capital city from 1826 to 1846 . Tuscaloosa is the regional center of industry , commerce , healthcare , and education for the area of west-central Alabama known as West Alabama . It is the principal city of the Tuscaloosa Metropolitan Statistical Area , which includes Tuscaloosa , Hale and Pickens counties . In 2013 its estimated metro population was 235,628 . Tuscaloosa is also the home of The University of Alabama , Stillman College and Shelton State Community College . While the city attracted international attention when Mercedes-Benz announced it would build its first automotive assembly plant in North America in Tuscaloosa County , the University of Alabama remains the dominant economic and cultural engine in the city , making it a college town . Tuscaloosa has been traditionally known as the Druid City because of the numerous water oaks planted in its downtown streets since the 1840s ."}]}, {'value': 'Tuscaloosa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tuscaloosa_County,_Alabama', 'summary': 'Tuscaloosa County is a county in the west central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama . As of the 2010 census , its population was 194,656 ( estimated at 208,911 in 2018 by the United States Census Bureau ) . Its county seat and largest city is Tuscaloosa , the former state capital from 1826 to 1845 . The county is named in honor of Tuskaloosa , a paramount chief of the Mississippian culture , who are considered ancestors of the historic Choctaw people of the region . Tuscaloosa County is included in the Tuscaloosa , AL Metropolitan Statistical Area . The county is the home of the University of Alabama , Shelton State Community College , and Stillman College .'}]}, {'value': 'Built in 1907 . Significant for its participation in the Civil Rights Movement', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First Baptist Church , East Thomas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Baptist_Church,_East_Thomas', 'summary': 'First Baptist Church , East Thomas is a historic church at 419 11th Court West in Birmingham , Alabama . It was built in 1939 in a Gothic Revival style and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005 .'}]}, {'value': 'NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Birmingham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama', 'summary': "Birmingham ( /ˈbɜːrmɪŋhæm/ BUR-ming-ham ) is a city in the north central region of the U.S. state of Alabama . With an estimated 2018 population of 209,880 , it is the most populous city in Alabama . Birmingham is the seat of Jefferson County , Alabama 's most populous and fifth largest county . As of 2018 , the Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 1,151,801 , making it the most populous in Alabama and 49th-most populous in the United States . Birmingham serves as an important regional hub and is associated with the Deep South , Piedmont , and Appalachian regions of the nation . Birmingham was founded in 1871 , during the post-Civil War Reconstruction era , through the merger of three farm towns , most notably Elyton . The new city was named for Birmingham , England , the United Kingdom 's second largest city and then a major industrial city . The Alabama city annexed its smaller neighbors as it developed into a major industrial center based on mining , the iron and steel industry , and rail transport . Most of the original settlers were of English ancestry . The city was developed as a place where low paid , non-unionized immigrants ( mainly Irish and Italian ) , along with African-Americans from rural Alabama , who worked in the city 's steel mills and blast furnaces and gave it a competitive advantage over unionized industrial cities of the Midwest and Northeast . :14"}]}, {'value': 'Jefferson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Alabama', 'summary': 'Jefferson County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Alabama , located in the central portion of the state . As of the 2010 census , its population was 658,466 . Its county seat is Birmingham , the most populous city in the state . Its rapid growth as an industrial city in the 20th century , based on heavy manufacturing in steel and iron , established its dominance . Jefferson County is the central county of the Birmingham-Hoover , AL Metropolitan Statistical Area . In 2011 , Jefferson County was $ 4.2 billion in debt and declared bankruptcy . The financial problems were related to costs of a huge sewer project . Corruption was found among six county commissioners . This was the largest Chapter 9 ( municipal ) bankruptcy in the United States , until it was surpassed by that of Detroit , Michigan in 2013 . Jefferson County emerged from bankruptcy in December 2013 , following the approval of a bankruptcy plan by the United States bankruptcy court for the Northern District of Alabama , writing off more than $ 1.4 billion of the debt .'}]}, {'value': 'Significant for its participation in the Civil Rights Movement', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First Baptist Church , Kingston', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Baptist_Church,_Kingston', 'summary': 'First Baptist Church , Kingston is a historic church at 4600 Ninth Avenue North in Birmingham , Alabama . It was built in 1961 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005 .'}]}, {'value': 'NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Birmingham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama', 'summary': "Birmingham ( /ˈbɜːrmɪŋhæm/ BUR-ming-ham ) is a city in the north central region of the U.S. state of Alabama . With an estimated 2018 population of 209,880 , it is the most populous city in Alabama . Birmingham is the seat of Jefferson County , Alabama 's most populous and fifth largest county . As of 2018 , the Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 1,151,801 , making it the most populous in Alabama and 49th-most populous in the United States . Birmingham serves as an important regional hub and is associated with the Deep South , Piedmont , and Appalachian regions of the nation . Birmingham was founded in 1871 , during the post-Civil War Reconstruction era , through the merger of three farm towns , most notably Elyton . The new city was named for Birmingham , England , the United Kingdom 's second largest city and then a major industrial city . The Alabama city annexed its smaller neighbors as it developed into a major industrial center based on mining , the iron and steel industry , and rail transport . Most of the original settlers were of English ancestry . The city was developed as a place where low paid , non-unionized immigrants ( mainly Irish and Italian ) , along with African-Americans from rural Alabama , who worked in the city 's steel mills and blast furnaces and gave it a competitive advantage over unionized industrial cities of the Midwest and Northeast . :14"}]}, {'value': 'Jefferson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Alabama', 'summary': 'Jefferson County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Alabama , located in the central portion of the state . As of the 2010 census , its population was 658,466 . Its county seat is Birmingham , the most populous city in the state . Its rapid growth as an industrial city in the 20th century , based on heavy manufacturing in steel and iron , established its dominance . Jefferson County is the central county of the Birmingham-Hoover , AL Metropolitan Statistical Area . In 2011 , Jefferson County was $ 4.2 billion in debt and declared bankruptcy . The financial problems were related to costs of a huge sewer project . Corruption was found among six county commissioners . This was the largest Chapter 9 ( municipal ) bankruptcy in the United States , until it was surpassed by that of Detroit , Michigan in 2013 . Jefferson County emerged from bankruptcy in December 2013 , following the approval of a bankruptcy plan by the United States bankruptcy court for the Northern District of Alabama , writing off more than $ 1.4 billion of the debt .'}]}, {'value': 'Significant for its participation in the Civil Rights Movement', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First Baptist Church of Bay Minette', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Baptist_Church_(Bay_Minette,_Alabama)', 'summary': "First Baptist Church is a historic Southern Baptist church on D'Olive Street in Bay Minette , Alabama . It was built in 1914 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1988 . The Bay Minette Public Library currently occupies the building ."}]}, {'value': 'NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bay Minette', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bay_Minette,_Alabama', 'summary': 'Bay Minette is a city in Baldwin County , Alabama . As of the 2010 census , the population of the city was 8,044 . The city is the county seat of Baldwin County .'}]}, {'value': 'Baldwin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baldwin_County,_Alabama', 'summary': 'Baldwin County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama . According to the 2018 estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau , the population is approximately 218,022 . The county seat is Bay Minette . The county is named in honor of Senator Abraham Baldwin , though he never lived in what is now Alabama . [ citation needed ] The U.S. federal government designates Baldwin County as the Daphne-Fairhope-Foley , AL Metropolitan Statistical Area . It is the largest county in Alabama by area and is located on the eastern side of Mobile Bay . [ citation needed ] Part of its western border with Mobile County is formed by the Spanish River , a brackish distributary river .'}]}, {'value': 'Built in 1853', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First Baptist Church of Greenville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Baptist_Church_(Greenville,_Alabama)', 'summary': 'First Baptist Church ( First Missionary Baptist Church ) is a historic Baptist church at 707 South Street in Greenville , Alabama . It was built in 1908 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 .'}]}, {'value': 'NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Greenville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greenville,_Alabama', 'summary': 'Greenville is a city in Butler County , Alabama , United States . At the 2010 census , the population was 8,135 . The city is the county seat of Butler County and is known as the Camellia City . The movement to change the official Alabama state flower from the goldenrod to the camellia originated in Greenville with legislative sponsors LaMont Glass and H.B . Taylor .'}]}, {'value': 'Butler', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Butler_County,_Alabama', 'summary': 'Butler County is a county in the U.S. state of Alabama . As of the 2010 census , the population was 20,947 . Its county seat is Greenville . Its name is in honor of Captain William Butler , who was born in Virginia and fought in the Creek War , and who was killed in May 1818 .'}]}, {'value': 'Built in 1908', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First Baptist Church of Huntsville', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Huntsville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Huntsville,_Alabama', 'summary': "Huntsville is a city in the Appalachian region of northern Alabama . It is the county seat of Madison County but extends west into neighboring Limestone County and south into Morgan County . It was founded in 1805 and became an incorporated town in 1811 . The city grew across nearby hills north of the Tennessee River , adding textile mills , then munitions factories , NASA 's Marshall Space Flight Center and the United States Army Aviation and Missile Command nearby at the Redstone Arsenal . The National Trust for Historic Preservation named Huntsville to its America 's Dozen Distinctive Destinations for 2010 list . The city 's population was 180,105 in 2010 , making it Alabama 's fourth-largest city . Huntsville is the largest city in the five-county Huntsville-Decatur-Albertville , AL Combined Statistical Area . The Huntsville metropolitan area 's population was 417,593 in 2010 , making it the second most populous metropolitan area in the state . The Huntsville metro 's population reached 462,693 by 2018 ."}]}, {'value': 'Madison', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madison_County,_Alabama', 'summary': 'Madison County is a county located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of Alabama . As of the 2010 Census , the population was 334,811 , making it the third-most populous county in Alabama . Its county seat is Huntsville . The county is named in honor of James Madison , fourth President of the United States and the first President to visit the state of Alabama . Madison County covers parts of the former Decatur County . Madison County is included in the Huntsville , Alabama Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Established in 1809 , the oldest Southern Baptist church in Alabama . Current building completed in 1960', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First Baptist Church of Montgomery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Baptist_Church_(Montgomery,_Alabama)', 'summary': 'The First Baptist Church ( also known as the Brick-A-Day Church ) on North Ripley Street in Montgomery , Alabama , is a historic landmark . Founded in downtown Montgomery in 1867 as one of the first black churches in the area , it provided an alternative to the second-class treatment and discrimination African-Americans faced at the other First Baptist Church in the city . In the first few decades after its establishment the First Baptist Church became one of the largest black churches in the South , growing from hundreds of parishioners to thousands . Almost a hundred years later , in the 1950s and 1960s , it was an important gathering place for activities related to the Civil Rights Movement , and became associated with the Montgomery bus boycott and the Freedom Rides of May 1961 . The church was listed by the Alabama Historical Commission on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage on May 5 , 2000 .'}]}, {'value': 'ARLH-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Montgomery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama', 'summary': "Montgomery is the capital city of the U.S. state of Alabama and the county seat of Montgomery County . Named for Richard Montgomery , it stands beside the Alabama River , on the coastal Plain of the Gulf of Mexico . In the 2010 Census , Montgomery 's population was 205,764 . It is the second most populous city in Alabama , after Birmingham , and is the 118th most populous in the United States . The Montgomery Metropolitan Statistical Area 's population in 2010 was estimated at 374,536 ; it is the fourth largest in the state and 136th among United States metropolitan areas . The city was incorporated in 1819 as a merger of two towns situated along the Alabama River . It became the state capital in 1846 , representing the shift of power to the south-central area of Alabama with the growth of cotton as a commodity crop of the Black Belt and the rise of Mobile as a mercantile port on the Gulf Coast . In February 1861 , Montgomery was chosen the first capital of the Confederate States of America , which it remained until the Confederate seat of government moved to Richmond , Virginia , in May of that year . In the middle of the 20th century , Montgomery was a major center of events and protests in the Civil Rights Movement , including the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Selma to Montgomery marches . In addition to housing many Alabama government agencies , Montgomery has a large military presence , due to Maxwell Air Force Base ; public universities Alabama State University , Troy University ( Montgomery campus ) , and Auburn University at Montgomery ; two private post-secondary institutions , Faulkner University and Huntingdon College ; high-tech manufacturing , including Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama ; and many cultural attractions , such as the Alabama Shakespeare Festival and the Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts . Two ships of the United States Navy have been named after the city , including USS Montgomery . Montgomery has also been recognized nationally for its downtown revitalization and new urbanism projects ."}]}, {'value': 'Montgomery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Alabama', 'summary': 'Montgomery County is a county located in the south central portion of the State of Alabama . As of the 2010 census , its population was 229,363 , making it the fourth-most populous county in Alabama . Its county seat is Montgomery , the state capital . Montgomery County is included in the Montgomery , AL Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Established in 1866 as one of the first African American churches in Montgomery . Current building completed in 1915', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First Baptist Church of Selma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Baptist_Church_(Selma,_Alabama)', 'summary': 'First Baptist Church is a historic church at 709 Martin Luther King , Jr. Street in Selma , Alabama . A historically African American Baptist church , it was built in the Gothic Revival style in 1894 and known for its association with the Civil Rights Movement . It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 . From the National Register of Historic Places Inventory - Nomination Form : .'}]}, {'value': 'NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Selma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Selma,_Alabama', 'summary': 'Selma is a city in and the county seat of Dallas County , in the Black Belt region of south central Alabama and extending to the west . Located on the banks of the Alabama River , the city has a population of 20,756 as of the 2010 census . About 80% of the population is African-American . Selma was a trading center and market town during the antebellum years of King Cotton in the South . It was also an important armaments-manufacturing and iron shipbuilding center for the Confederacy during the Civil War , surrounded by miles of earthen fortifications . The Confederate forces were defeated during the Battle of Selma . The city is best known for the 1960s Selma voting-rights movement and the Selma-to-Montgomery marches , beginning with Bloody Sunday in March 1965 and ending with 25,000 people entering Montgomery at the end of the last march to press for voting rights . This activism generated national attention for social justice and that summer , the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed by Congress to authorize federal oversight and enforcement of constitutional rights of all citizens .'}]}, {'value': 'Dallas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dallas_County,_Alabama', 'summary': 'Dallas County is a county of the U.S. state of Alabama . As of the 2010 census , its population was 43,820 . The county seat is Selma . Its name is in honor of United States Secretary of the Treasury Alexander J. Dallas , who served from 1814-1816 . Dallas County comprises the Selma , AL Micropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Built in 1894 . Significant for its participation in the Civil Rights Movement', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First Baptist Church of Wetumpka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Baptist_Church_of_Wetumpka', 'summary': 'First Baptist Church Of Wetumpka is a historic Southern Baptist church complex at 205 West Bridge Street in Wetumpka , Alabama . It consists of several connected buildings , centered on an original brick sanctuary building that was built from 1846 to 1852 . The grounds also include 1928-29 educational building , a 1959-60 second educational and office addition , a modern sanctuary built in 1967 , and educational wing and fellowship hall that was completed in 1991 . All of the buildings are centered on the original sanctuary and are linked together by a series of passages and corridors at the rear of the property . The original sanctuary was added to the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage in 1977 and the National Register of Historic Places in 2008 .'}]}, {'value': 'NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wetumpka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wetumpka,_Alabama', 'summary': 'Wetumpka is a city in and the county seat of Elmore County , Alabama , United States . At the 2010 census the population was 6,528 . In the early 21st century Elmore County became one of the fastest-growing counties in the state . The city is considered part of the Montgomery Metropolitan Area . Wetumpka identifies as The City of Natural Beauty . Among the notable landmarks are the Wetumpka crater and the Jasmine Hill Gardens , with a full-sized replica of the Temple of Hera of Olympia , Greece . Historic downtown Wetumpka developed on both sides of the Coosa River . It was near Fort Toulouse , built by French colonists in 1717 , when they had claimed this territory for the king .'}]}, {'value': 'Elmore', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elmore_County,_Alabama', 'summary': 'Elmore County is a county of the State of Alabama . As of the 2010 census , the population was 79,303 . Its county seat is Wetumpka . Its name is in honor of General John A. Elmore . Elmore County is part of the Montgomery , AL Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Congregation formed in 1821 . Now part of a larger campus , the historic original church building is significant for its architecture , which combines Greek Revival and Gothic Revival motifs , and was built in 1852', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First Ebenezer Baptist Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_Ebenezer_Baptist_Church', 'summary': 'First Ebenezer Baptist Church is a historic Baptist church at 420 Graymont Avenue North in Smithfield in Birmingham , Alabama . It was built in 1963 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2005 .'}]}, {'value': 'NRHP-listed', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Birmingham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama', 'summary': "Birmingham ( /ˈbɜːrmɪŋhæm/ BUR-ming-ham ) is a city in the north central region of the U.S. state of Alabama . With an estimated 2018 population of 209,880 , it is the most populous city in Alabama . Birmingham is the seat of Jefferson County , Alabama 's most populous and fifth largest county . As of 2018 , the Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 1,151,801 , making it the most populous in Alabama and 49th-most populous in the United States . Birmingham serves as an important regional hub and is associated with the Deep South , Piedmont , and Appalachian regions of the nation . Birmingham was founded in 1871 , during the post-Civil War Reconstruction era , through the merger of three farm towns , most notably Elyton . The new city was named for Birmingham , England , the United Kingdom 's second largest city and then a major industrial city . The Alabama city annexed its smaller neighbors as it developed into a major industrial center based on mining , the iron and steel industry , and rail transport . Most of the original settlers were of English ancestry . The city was developed as a place where low paid , non-unionized immigrants ( mainly Irish and Italian ) , along with African-Americans from rural Alabama , who worked in the city 's steel mills and blast furnaces and gave it a competitive advantage over unionized industrial cities of the Midwest and Northeast . :14"}]}, {'value': 'Jefferson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jefferson_County,_Alabama', 'summary': 'Jefferson County is the most populous county in the U.S. state of Alabama , located in the central portion of the state . As of the 2010 census , its population was 658,466 . Its county seat is Birmingham , the most populous city in the state . Its rapid growth as an industrial city in the 20th century , based on heavy manufacturing in steel and iron , established its dominance . Jefferson County is the central county of the Birmingham-Hoover , AL Metropolitan Statistical Area . In 2011 , Jefferson County was $ 4.2 billion in debt and declared bankruptcy . The financial problems were related to costs of a huge sewer project . Corruption was found among six county commissioners . This was the largest Chapter 9 ( municipal ) bankruptcy in the United States , until it was surpassed by that of Detroit , Michigan in 2013 . Jefferson County emerged from bankruptcy in December 2013 , following the approval of a bankruptcy plan by the United States bankruptcy court for the Northern District of Alabama , writing off more than $ 1.4 billion of the debt .'}]}, {'value': 'Significant for its participation in the Civil Rights Movement', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Holt Street Baptist Church', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Holt_Street_Baptist_Church', 'summary': "The Holt Street Baptist Church is an abandoned Baptist church in Montgomery , Alabama , United States . The church served as a meeting place for Montgomery 's black community during the Montgomery Bus Boycott . In 1998 , the church closed and relocated to a new location in Montgomery ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Montgomery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama', 'summary': "Montgomery is the capital city of the U.S. state of Alabama and the county seat of Montgomery County . Named for Richard Montgomery , it stands beside the Alabama River , on the coastal Plain of the Gulf of Mexico . In the 2010 Census , Montgomery 's population was 205,764 . It is the second most populous city in Alabama , after Birmingham , and is the 118th most populous in the United States . The Montgomery Metropolitan Statistical Area 's population in 2010 was estimated at 374,536 ; it is the fourth largest in the state and 136th among United States metropolitan areas . The city was incorporated in 1819 as a merger of two towns situated along the Alabama River . It became the state capital in 1846 , representing the shift of power to the south-central area of Alabama with the growth of cotton as a commodity crop of the Black Belt and the rise of Mobile as a mercantile port on the Gulf Coast . In February 1861 , Montgomery was chosen the first capital of the Confederate States of America , which it remained until the Confederate seat of government moved to Richmond , Virginia , in May of that year . In the middle of the 20th century , Montgomery was a major center of events and protests in the Civil Rights Movement , including the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Selma to Montgomery marches . In addition to housing many Alabama government agencies , Montgomery has a large military presence , due to Maxwell Air Force Base ; public universities Alabama State University , Troy University ( Montgomery campus ) , and Auburn University at Montgomery ; two private post-secondary institutions , Faulkner University and Huntingdon College ; high-tech manufacturing , including Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama ; and many cultural attractions , such as the Alabama Shakespeare Festival and the Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts . Two ships of the United States Navy have been named after the city , including USS Montgomery . Montgomery has also been recognized nationally for its downtown revitalization and new urbanism projects ."}]}, {'value': 'Montgomery', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Alabama', 'summary': 'Montgomery County is a county located in the south central portion of the State of Alabama . As of the 2010 census , its population was 229,363 , making it the fourth-most populous county in Alabama . Its county seat is Montgomery , the state capital . Montgomery County is included in the Montgomery , AL Metropolitan Statistical Area .'}]}, {'value': 'Built in 1913 . Significant for its role in the Montgomery Bus Boycott', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montgomery_Bus_Boycott', 'summary': 'The Montgomery bus boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery , Alabama . It was a seminal event in the civil rights movement . The campaign lasted from December 5 , 1955 - the Monday after Rosa Parks , an African-American woman , was arrested for refusing to surrender her seat to a white person - to December 20 , 1956 , when the federal ruling Browder v. Gayle took effect , and led to a United States Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws that segregated buses were unconstitutional .'}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': "Dexter Avenue Baptist Church , pastored by Martin Luther King Jr. and used as a base of operations during the Civil Rights Movement . This is a list of Baptist churches in the U.S. state of Alabama that are notable because they are National Historic Landmarks ( NHL ) , listed on the National Register of Historic Places ( NRHP ) , listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage ( ARLH ) , or are otherwise significant for their history , association with significant events or people , or their architecture and design . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Baptist churches have been centers of worship and leadership in the state from the Mississippi Territorial period onward . Early Baptist churches were usually biracial in membership , although the African American members were almost always slaves belonging to the white congregants . [ 6 ] The church buildings were often simple and unadorned . As the pioneer period faded and society developed , the churches tended to reflect the social order of southern society via gender , class , and racial divisions . Sometimes there were separate entrance doors for male and female members , with members remaining separated by gender inside . In wealthier communities , the more well-to-do members usually had reserved seats in the front . Slaves were always relegated to the rear or a mezzanine gallery in the building . [ 6 ] Baptist churches played pivotal roles in such issues as national divisions over the issue of slavery and the Civil Rights Movement . The Alabama Baptist Convention formed in 1823 , only a few years after statehood , and helped lead the breakaway of southern Baptist churches from their northern counterparts many years prior to the outbreak of the American Civil War . The Alabama convention , along with Baptist conventions in other southern states , formed the Southern Baptist Convention after the breakup over the legality of slavery . [ 7 ] Considered by Southern Baptists in Alabama as one of the most important churches during the early years of statehood is the Siloam Baptist Church in Marion . The congregation was established in 1822 . The current brick Greek Revival building was completed in 1848 . [ 5 ] It is considered by Baptist leaders in the state as one of the most important mother churches of many of Alabama 's Baptist institutions and churches because members of this church were instrumental in establishing both Judson College in 1838 and Howard College , now Samford University , in 1841 . Judson College remains in Marion , while Howard College was moved to Birmingham in 1887 and was later renamed Samford University . [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Although some African American Baptist churches formed in Alabama 's cities prior to the Civil War , such as the St. Louis Street Missionary Baptist Church that formed in 1836 in Mobile , most African Americans in Alabama separated from white-dominated churches and set up their own congregations after the war and end of slavery . [ 6 ] [ 10 ] African-American Baptist congregations in Alabama played an important primary role in the civil rights movement in the United States . [ 11 ] The St. Louis Street Missionary Baptist Church was host to the seventh Colored Baptist Convention of Alabama in 1874 , a meeting that lead to the formation of Selma University in 1878 . [ 11 ] The Dexter Avenue Baptist Church is a National Historic Landmark near the Alabama State Capitol in Montgomery . [ 12 ] Dr. Martin Luther King , Jr. helped to organize the Montgomery Bus Boycott in the church 's basement . [ 13 ] The 16th Street Baptist Church is nationally known as the site of a Civil Rights-era bombing that killed four young girls . The church had served as an organizational headquarters , site of mass meetings and rallying point for blacks protesting widespread institutionalized racism in Birmingham . [ 14 ] It is also recognized as a National Historic Landmark due to the fact that the tragedy marked a turning point in the Civil Rights Movement and contributed to the public outcry that added support for the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 . [ 10 ] [ 15 ] [ 16 ] [ 17 ] In 1995 , the Southern Baptist Convention voted to adopt a resolution that renounced its racist roots and apologized for its past defense of slavery . Alabama Baptist Convention churches and denominational leadership were supportive of this apology . [ 18 ] [ 19 ] In the first decade of the 21st century , two out of every three church members in Alabama and more than two-fifths of all residents consider themselves Baptists , with 1.1 million belonging to the churches in the Southern Baptist Convention and another 750,000 , primarily African Americans , belonging to a variety of other Baptist associations . [ 6 ] Following the 2011 Super Outbreak in Alabama , many Alabama Baptist churches of all races were active in providing relief to the victims . [ 20 ] [ 21 ]", 'uid': 'List_of_Baptist_churches_in_Alabama_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of Baptist churches in the U.S. state of Alabama that are notable because they are National Historic Landmarks (NHL), listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), listed on the Alabama Register of Landmarks and Heritage (ARLH), or are otherwise significant for their history, association with significant events or people, or their architecture and design. Baptist churches have been centers of worship and leadership in the state from the Mississippi Territorial period onward. Early Baptist churches were usually biracial in membership, although the African American members were almost always slaves belonging to the white congregants. The church buildings were often simple and unadorned. As the pioneer period faded and society developed, the churches tended to reflect the social order of southern society via gender, class, and racial divisions. Sometimes there were separate entrance doors for male and female members, with members remaining separated by gender inside. In wealthier communities, the more well-to-do members usually had reserved seats in the front. Slaves were always relegated to the rear or a mezzanine gallery in the building. Baptist churches played pivotal roles in such issues as national divisions over the issue of slavery and the Civil Rights Movement. The Alabama Baptist Convention formed in 1823, only a few years after statehood, and helped lead the breakaway of southern Baptist churches from their northern counterparts many years prior to the outbreak of the American Civil War. The Alabama convention, along with Baptist conventions in other southern states, formed the Southern Baptist Convention after the breakup over the legality of slavery. Considered by Southern Baptists in Alabama as one of the most important churches during the early years of statehood is the Siloam Baptist Church in Marion.'}
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This church that was built just before 1900 in in a county that was named after Alexander J. Dallas ?
First Baptist Church of Selma
04d76dee18b2f533
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_honorary_British_knights_and_dames', 'title': 'List of honorary British knights and dames', 'header': ['Name', 'Nationality', 'Honour', 'Year', 'Category'], 'data': [{'value': 'Prince Wilhelm I', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William,_Prince_of_Albania', 'summary': 'Prince Wilhelm of Wied ( German : Wilhelm Friedrich Heinrich , Albanian : Princ Vidi or Princ Vilhelm Vidi , 26 March 1876 - 18 April 1945 ) , reigned briefly as sovereign of the Principality of Albania as Vidi I ( Albanian : Vidi i parë ) from 7 March to 3 September 1914 , when he left for exile . His reign officially came to an end on 31 January 1925 , when the country was declared an Albanian Republic . Outside the country and in diplomatic correspondence , he was styled sovereign prince , but in Albania , he was referred to as mbret , or king . He was also styled Skanderbeg II , in homage to Skanderbeg , the national hero .'}]}, {'value': 'Albania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albania', 'summary': 'Albania ( /ælˈbeɪniə , ɔːl-/ ( listen ) a ( w ) l-BAY-nee-ə ; Albanian : Shqipëri or Shqipëria ; Gheg Albanian : Shqipni or Shqipnia also Shqypni or Shqypnia ) , officially the Republic of Albania ( Albanian : Republika e Shqipërisë , pronounced [ ɾɛpuˈblika ɛ ʃcipəˈɾiːsə ] ) , is a country in Southeast Europe on the Adriatic and Ionian Sea within the Mediterranean Sea . It shares land borders with Montenegro to the northwest , Kosovo [ a ] to the northeast , North Macedonia to the east , Greece to the south and maritime borders with Greece , Montenegro and Italy to the west . Geographically , the country displays varied climatic , geological , hydrological and morphological conditions , defined in an area of 28,748 km2 ( 11,100 sq mi ) . It possesses remarkable diversity with the landscape ranging from the snow-capped mountains in the Albanian Alps as well as the Korab , Skanderbeg , Pindus and Ceraunian Mountains to the hot and sunny coasts of the Albanian Adriatic and Ionian Sea along the Mediterranean Sea . Historically , the country has been inhabited by numerous civilisations such as the Illyrians , Thracians , Ancient Greeks , Romans , Byzantines , Venetians and Ottomans . The Albanians established the autonomous Principality of Arbër in the 12th century . The Kingdom of Albania and Principality of Albania formed between the 13th and 14th centuries . Prior to the Ottoman conquest of Albania in the 15th century , the Albanian resistance to Ottoman expansion into Europe led by Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg won them acclaim over most of Europe . Between the 18th and 19th centuries , Albanians gathered both spiritual and intellectual strength which conclusively led to the Albanian Renaissance . After the defeat of the Ottomans in the Balkan Wars , the modern nation state of Albania declared independence in 1912 . In the 20th century , the Kingdom of Albania was invaded by Italy which formed Greater Albania before becoming a protectorate of Nazi Germany . Enver Hoxha formed Communist Albania after the Second World War and launched the Albanians on a path of oppression and decades of isolation .'}]}, {'value': 'GCVO', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1914', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royalty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'King Essad Pasha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Essad_Pasha_Toptani', 'summary': 'Essad Pasha Toptani or Esad Pasha Toptani ( Albanian : Esad Pashë Toptani ; 1863/4 or 1875 - 13 June 1920 ) , mainly known as Essad Pasha , was an Ottoman army officer who served as the Albanian deputy in the Ottoman Parliament . He was a prominent politician in early 20th-century Albania . Toptani cooperated with the Balkan League after the Balkan Wars and established a state in central Albania , based in Durrës , called the Republic of Central Albania .'}]}, {'value': 'Albania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albania', 'summary': 'Albania ( /ælˈbeɪniə , ɔːl-/ ( listen ) a ( w ) l-BAY-nee-ə ; Albanian : Shqipëri or Shqipëria ; Gheg Albanian : Shqipni or Shqipnia also Shqypni or Shqypnia ) , officially the Republic of Albania ( Albanian : Republika e Shqipërisë , pronounced [ ɾɛpuˈblika ɛ ʃcipəˈɾiːsə ] ) , is a country in Southeast Europe on the Adriatic and Ionian Sea within the Mediterranean Sea . It shares land borders with Montenegro to the northwest , Kosovo [ a ] to the northeast , North Macedonia to the east , Greece to the south and maritime borders with Greece , Montenegro and Italy to the west . Geographically , the country displays varied climatic , geological , hydrological and morphological conditions , defined in an area of 28,748 km2 ( 11,100 sq mi ) . It possesses remarkable diversity with the landscape ranging from the snow-capped mountains in the Albanian Alps as well as the Korab , Skanderbeg , Pindus and Ceraunian Mountains to the hot and sunny coasts of the Albanian Adriatic and Ionian Sea along the Mediterranean Sea . Historically , the country has been inhabited by numerous civilisations such as the Illyrians , Thracians , Ancient Greeks , Romans , Byzantines , Venetians and Ottomans . The Albanians established the autonomous Principality of Arbër in the 12th century . The Kingdom of Albania and Principality of Albania formed between the 13th and 14th centuries . Prior to the Ottoman conquest of Albania in the 15th century , the Albanian resistance to Ottoman expansion into Europe led by Gjergj Kastrioti Skanderbeg won them acclaim over most of Europe . Between the 18th and 19th centuries , Albanians gathered both spiritual and intellectual strength which conclusively led to the Albanian Renaissance . After the defeat of the Ottomans in the Balkan Wars , the modern nation state of Albania declared independence in 1912 . In the 20th century , the Kingdom of Albania was invaded by Italy which formed Greater Albania before becoming a protectorate of Nazi Germany . Enver Hoxha formed Communist Albania after the Second World War and launched the Albanians on a path of oppression and decades of isolation .'}]}, {'value': 'KCMG', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1916', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royalty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'King Alfonso V', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alfonso_V_of_Aragon', 'summary': 'Alfonso the Magnanimous KG ( also Alphonso ; Catalan : Alfons ; 1396 - 27 June 1458 ) was the King of Aragon ( as Alfonso V ) , Valencia ( as Alfonso III ) , Majorca , Sardinia and Corsica ( as Alfonso II ) , Sicily ( as Alfonso I ) and Count of Barcelona ( as Alfonso IV ) from 1416 , and King of Naples ( as Alfonso I ) from 1442 until his death . He was one of the most prominent figures of the early Renaissance and a knight of the Order of the Dragon . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Aragon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aragon', 'summary': "Aragon ( /ˈærəɡɒn/ or /ˈærəɡən/ , Spanish and Aragonese : Aragón [ aɾaˈɣon ] , Catalan : Aragó [ əɾəˈɣo ] ) is an autonomous community in Spain , coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon . Located in northeastern Spain , the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces ( from north to south ) : Huesca , Zaragoza , and Teruel . Its capital is Zaragoza ( also called Saragossa in English ) . The current Statute of Autonomy declares Aragon a historic nationality of Spain . Covering an area of 47720 km2 ( 18420 sq mi ) , the region 's terrain ranges diversely from permanent glaciers to verdant valleys , rich pasture lands and orchards , through to the arid steppe plains of the central lowlands . Aragon is home to many rivers - most notably , the river Ebro , Spain 's largest river in volume , which runs west-east across the entire region through the province of Zaragoza . It is also home to the highest mountains of the Pyrenees . As of January 2016 [ update ] , the population of Aragon was 1308563 , with over half of it living in its capital city , Zaragoza . During the same year , the economy of Aragon generated a GDP of €34687 million , which represents 3.1% of Spain 's national GDP , and is currently 6th in per capita production behind Madrid , Basque Country , Navarre , Catalonia and La Rioja . In addition to its three provinces , Aragon is subdivided into 33 comarcas or counties . All comarcas of Aragon have a rich geopolitical and cultural history from its pre-Roman , Celtic and Roman days , and four centuries of Islamic period as Marca Superior of Al-Andalus or kingdom ( or taifa ) of Saraqusta , and as lands that once belonged to the Frankish Marca Hispanica , counties that later formed the Kingdom of Aragon and eventually the Crown of Aragon ."}]}, {'value': 'KG', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1450', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royalty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'King Ferdinand II', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon', 'summary': "Ferdinand II ( Aragonese : Ferrando II ; Catalan : Ferran II ; Basque : Errando II ; Spanish : Fernando II ; 10 March 1452 - 23 January 1516 ) , called the Catholic ( Spanish : el Católico ) , was King of Aragon from 1479 until his death . In 1469 , he married Infanta Isabella , the future queen of Castile , which was regarded as the marital and political cornerstone in the foundation of the Spanish monarchy . As a consequence of the marriage , in 1474 he became de jure uxoris King of Castile as Ferdinand V , when Isabella held the crown of Castile , until her death in 1504 . At Isabella 's death the crown of Castile passed to their daughter Joanna , by the terms of their prenuptial agreement and Isabellas last will and testament , and Ferdinand lost his monarchical status in Castile . Joanna 's husband Philip became de jure uxoris King of Castile , but died in 1506 , and Joanna ruled in her own right . In 1504 , after a war with France , he became King of Naples as Ferdinand III , reuniting Naples with Sicily permanently and for the first time since 1458 . In 1506 , as part of a treaty with a France , Ferdinand married Germaine of Foix of France , but Ferdinand 's only son and child of that marriage died soon after birth . ( Had the child survived , the personal union of the crowns of Aragon and Castile would have ceased . ) In 1508 , Ferdinand was recognized as regent of Castile , following Joanna 's alleged mental illness , until his own death in 1516 . In 1512 , he became King of Navarre by conquest . Ferdinand had a role in inaugurating the first European encounters in the future Americas , since he and Isabella sponsored the first voyage of Christopher Columbus ( 1451-1506 ) , in 1492 . That year was the final victory in the war with Granada which defeated the last Muslim state in Iberia and all of Western Europe ."}]}, {'value': 'Aragon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aragon', 'summary': "Aragon ( /ˈærəɡɒn/ or /ˈærəɡən/ , Spanish and Aragonese : Aragón [ aɾaˈɣon ] , Catalan : Aragó [ əɾəˈɣo ] ) is an autonomous community in Spain , coextensive with the medieval Kingdom of Aragon . Located in northeastern Spain , the Aragonese autonomous community comprises three provinces ( from north to south ) : Huesca , Zaragoza , and Teruel . Its capital is Zaragoza ( also called Saragossa in English ) . The current Statute of Autonomy declares Aragon a historic nationality of Spain . Covering an area of 47720 km2 ( 18420 sq mi ) , the region 's terrain ranges diversely from permanent glaciers to verdant valleys , rich pasture lands and orchards , through to the arid steppe plains of the central lowlands . Aragon is home to many rivers - most notably , the river Ebro , Spain 's largest river in volume , which runs west-east across the entire region through the province of Zaragoza . It is also home to the highest mountains of the Pyrenees . As of January 2016 [ update ] , the population of Aragon was 1308563 , with over half of it living in its capital city , Zaragoza . During the same year , the economy of Aragon generated a GDP of €34687 million , which represents 3.1% of Spain 's national GDP , and is currently 6th in per capita production behind Madrid , Basque Country , Navarre , Catalonia and La Rioja . In addition to its three provinces , Aragon is subdivided into 33 comarcas or counties . All comarcas of Aragon have a rich geopolitical and cultural history from its pre-Roman , Celtic and Roman days , and four centuries of Islamic period as Marca Superior of Al-Andalus or kingdom ( or taifa ) of Saraqusta , and as lands that once belonged to the Frankish Marca Hispanica , counties that later formed the Kingdom of Aragon and eventually the Crown of Aragon ."}]}, {'value': 'KG', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1480', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royalty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Emperor Francis I', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Francis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor', 'summary': "Francis II ( German : Franz II . ; 12 February 1768 - 2 March 1835 ) was the last Holy Roman Emperor , ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806 , when he dissolved the Holy Roman Empire after the decisive defeat at the hands of the First French Empire led by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz . In 1804 , he had founded the Austrian Empire and became Francis I , the first Emperor of Austria , ruling from 1804 to 1835 , so later he was named the first Doppelkaiser ( double emperor ) in history . For the two years between 1804 and 1806 , Francis used the title and style by the Grace of God elected Roman Emperor , ever Augustus , hereditary Emperor of Austria and he was called the Emperor of both the Holy Roman Empire and Austria . He was also Apostolic King of Hungary , Croatia and Bohemia as Francis I . He also served as the first president of the German Confederation following its establishment in 1815 . Francis II continued his leading role as an opponent of Napoleonic France in the Napoleonic Wars , and suffered several more defeats after Austerlitz . The proxy marriage of the state of his daughter Marie Louise of Austria to Napoleon on 10 March 1810 was arguably his severest personal defeat . After the abdication of Napoleon following the War of the Sixth Coalition , Austria participated as a leading member of the Holy Alliance at the Congress of Vienna , which was largely dominated by Francis 's chancellor Klemens Wenzel , Prince von Metternich culminating in a new European map and the restoration of Francis 's ancient dominions ( except the Holy Roman Empire which was dissolved ) . Due to the establishment of the Concert of Europe , which largely resisted popular nationalist and liberal tendencies , Francis became viewed as a reactionary later in his reign . Francis II 's grandchildren include Napoleon II ( Napoleon 's only legitimate son ) , Franz Joseph I of Austria , Maximillian I of Mexico , Maria II of Portugal and Pedro II of Brazil ."}]}, {'value': 'Austria-Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Austria-Hungary', 'summary': "Austria-Hungary , often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy , was a constitutional monarchy in Central and Eastern Europe between 1867 and 1918 . It was formed when the Austrian Empire adopted a new constitution ; as a result Austria ( Cisleithania ) and Hungary ( Transleithania ) were placed on equal footing . It dissolved when its member states proclaimed sovereignty and independence following the First World War . The union was established by the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 on 30 March 1867 in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War . It consisted of two monarchies ( Austria and Hungary ) , and one autonomous region : the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia under the Hungarian crown , which negotiated the Croatian-Hungarian Settlement in 1868 . It was ruled by the House of Habsburg , and constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the Habsburg Monarchy . Following the 1867 reforms , the Austrian and Hungarian states were co-equal in power . Foreign and military affairs came under joint oversight , but all other governmental faculties were divided between respective states . Austria-Hungary was a multinational state and one of Europe 's major powers at the time . Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe after the Russian Empire , at 621,538 km2 ( 239,977 sq mi ) , and the third-most populous ( after Russia and the German Empire ) . The Empire built up the fourth-largest machine building industry of the world , after the United States , Germany , and the United Kingdom . Austria-Hungary also became the world 's third largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home appliances , electric industrial appliances and power generation apparatus for power plants , after the United States and the German Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'KG', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1814', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royalty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Emperor Franz Joseph I', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria', 'summary': "Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I ( 18 August 1830- 21 November 1916 ) was Emperor of Austria , King of Hungary , King of Bohemia , and monarch of many other states of the Austro-Hungarian Empire , from 2 December 1848 until his death . From 1 May 1850 to 24 August 1866 he was also President of the German Confederation . He was the longest-reigning Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary , as well as the fourth-longest-reigning monarch of any country in European history , after Louis XIV of France , Johann II of Liechtenstein , and Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom , Canada , Australia , and New Zealand , in that chronological order . In December 1848 , Emperor Ferdinand abdicated the throne at Olomouc , as part of Minister President Felix zu Schwarzenberg 's plan to end the Revolutions of 1848 in Hungary . This allowed Ferdinand 's nephew Franz Joseph to accede to the throne . Largely considered to be a reactionary , Franz Joseph spent his early reign resisting constitutionalism in his domains . The Austrian Empire was forced to cede its influence over Tuscany and most of its claim to Lombardy-Venetia to the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia , following the Second Italian War of Independence in 1859 and the Third Italian War of Independence in 1866 . Although Franz Joseph ceded no territory to the Kingdom of Prussia after the Austrian defeat in the Austro-Prussian War , the Peace of Prague ( 23 August 1866 ) settled the German Question in favour of Prussia , which prevented the Unification of Germany from occurring under the House of Habsburg . Franz Joseph was troubled by nationalism during his entire reign . He concluded the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 , which granted greater autonomy to Hungary and transformed the Austrian Empire into the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary . He ruled peacefully for the next 45 years , but personally suffered the tragedies of the execution of his brother , the Emperor Maximilian of Mexico in 1867 , the suicide of his only son and heir-apparent , Crown Prince Rudolf , in 1889 , the assassination of his wife , Empress Elisabeth ( Sisi ) , in 1898 , and the assassination of his nephew and heir-presumptive , the Archduke Franz Ferdinand , in 1914 . After the Austro-Prussian War , Austria-Hungary turned its attention to the Balkans , which was a hotspot of international tension because of conflicting interests with the Russian Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'Austria-Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Austria-Hungary', 'summary': "Austria-Hungary , often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy , was a constitutional monarchy in Central and Eastern Europe between 1867 and 1918 . It was formed when the Austrian Empire adopted a new constitution ; as a result Austria ( Cisleithania ) and Hungary ( Transleithania ) were placed on equal footing . It dissolved when its member states proclaimed sovereignty and independence following the First World War . The union was established by the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 on 30 March 1867 in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War . It consisted of two monarchies ( Austria and Hungary ) , and one autonomous region : the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia under the Hungarian crown , which negotiated the Croatian-Hungarian Settlement in 1868 . It was ruled by the House of Habsburg , and constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the Habsburg Monarchy . Following the 1867 reforms , the Austrian and Hungarian states were co-equal in power . Foreign and military affairs came under joint oversight , but all other governmental faculties were divided between respective states . Austria-Hungary was a multinational state and one of Europe 's major powers at the time . Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe after the Russian Empire , at 621,538 km2 ( 239,977 sq mi ) , and the third-most populous ( after Russia and the German Empire ) . The Empire built up the fourth-largest machine building industry of the world , after the United States , Germany , and the United Kingdom . Austria-Hungary also became the world 's third largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home appliances , electric industrial appliances and power generation apparatus for power plants , after the United States and the German Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'KG', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1867', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royalty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Emperor Franz Joseph I', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria', 'summary': "Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I ( 18 August 1830- 21 November 1916 ) was Emperor of Austria , King of Hungary , King of Bohemia , and monarch of many other states of the Austro-Hungarian Empire , from 2 December 1848 until his death . From 1 May 1850 to 24 August 1866 he was also President of the German Confederation . He was the longest-reigning Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary , as well as the fourth-longest-reigning monarch of any country in European history , after Louis XIV of France , Johann II of Liechtenstein , and Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom , Canada , Australia , and New Zealand , in that chronological order . In December 1848 , Emperor Ferdinand abdicated the throne at Olomouc , as part of Minister President Felix zu Schwarzenberg 's plan to end the Revolutions of 1848 in Hungary . This allowed Ferdinand 's nephew Franz Joseph to accede to the throne . Largely considered to be a reactionary , Franz Joseph spent his early reign resisting constitutionalism in his domains . The Austrian Empire was forced to cede its influence over Tuscany and most of its claim to Lombardy-Venetia to the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia , following the Second Italian War of Independence in 1859 and the Third Italian War of Independence in 1866 . Although Franz Joseph ceded no territory to the Kingdom of Prussia after the Austrian defeat in the Austro-Prussian War , the Peace of Prague ( 23 August 1866 ) settled the German Question in favour of Prussia , which prevented the Unification of Germany from occurring under the House of Habsburg . Franz Joseph was troubled by nationalism during his entire reign . He concluded the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 , which granted greater autonomy to Hungary and transformed the Austrian Empire into the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary . He ruled peacefully for the next 45 years , but personally suffered the tragedies of the execution of his brother , the Emperor Maximilian of Mexico in 1867 , the suicide of his only son and heir-apparent , Crown Prince Rudolf , in 1889 , the assassination of his wife , Empress Elisabeth ( Sisi ) , in 1898 , and the assassination of his nephew and heir-presumptive , the Archduke Franz Ferdinand , in 1914 . After the Austro-Prussian War , Austria-Hungary turned its attention to the Balkans , which was a hotspot of international tension because of conflicting interests with the Russian Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'Austria-Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Austria-Hungary', 'summary': "Austria-Hungary , often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy , was a constitutional monarchy in Central and Eastern Europe between 1867 and 1918 . It was formed when the Austrian Empire adopted a new constitution ; as a result Austria ( Cisleithania ) and Hungary ( Transleithania ) were placed on equal footing . It dissolved when its member states proclaimed sovereignty and independence following the First World War . The union was established by the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 on 30 March 1867 in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War . It consisted of two monarchies ( Austria and Hungary ) , and one autonomous region : the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia under the Hungarian crown , which negotiated the Croatian-Hungarian Settlement in 1868 . It was ruled by the House of Habsburg , and constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the Habsburg Monarchy . Following the 1867 reforms , the Austrian and Hungarian states were co-equal in power . Foreign and military affairs came under joint oversight , but all other governmental faculties were divided between respective states . Austria-Hungary was a multinational state and one of Europe 's major powers at the time . Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe after the Russian Empire , at 621,538 km2 ( 239,977 sq mi ) , and the third-most populous ( after Russia and the German Empire ) . The Empire built up the fourth-largest machine building industry of the world , after the United States , Germany , and the United Kingdom . Austria-Hungary also became the world 's third largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home appliances , electric industrial appliances and power generation apparatus for power plants , after the United States and the German Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'RVC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1904', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royalty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Emperor Franz Joseph I', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria', 'summary': "Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I ( 18 August 1830- 21 November 1916 ) was Emperor of Austria , King of Hungary , King of Bohemia , and monarch of many other states of the Austro-Hungarian Empire , from 2 December 1848 until his death . From 1 May 1850 to 24 August 1866 he was also President of the German Confederation . He was the longest-reigning Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary , as well as the fourth-longest-reigning monarch of any country in European history , after Louis XIV of France , Johann II of Liechtenstein , and Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom , Canada , Australia , and New Zealand , in that chronological order . In December 1848 , Emperor Ferdinand abdicated the throne at Olomouc , as part of Minister President Felix zu Schwarzenberg 's plan to end the Revolutions of 1848 in Hungary . This allowed Ferdinand 's nephew Franz Joseph to accede to the throne . Largely considered to be a reactionary , Franz Joseph spent his early reign resisting constitutionalism in his domains . The Austrian Empire was forced to cede its influence over Tuscany and most of its claim to Lombardy-Venetia to the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia , following the Second Italian War of Independence in 1859 and the Third Italian War of Independence in 1866 . Although Franz Joseph ceded no territory to the Kingdom of Prussia after the Austrian defeat in the Austro-Prussian War , the Peace of Prague ( 23 August 1866 ) settled the German Question in favour of Prussia , which prevented the Unification of Germany from occurring under the House of Habsburg . Franz Joseph was troubled by nationalism during his entire reign . He concluded the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 , which granted greater autonomy to Hungary and transformed the Austrian Empire into the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary . He ruled peacefully for the next 45 years , but personally suffered the tragedies of the execution of his brother , the Emperor Maximilian of Mexico in 1867 , the suicide of his only son and heir-apparent , Crown Prince Rudolf , in 1889 , the assassination of his wife , Empress Elisabeth ( Sisi ) , in 1898 , and the assassination of his nephew and heir-presumptive , the Archduke Franz Ferdinand , in 1914 . After the Austro-Prussian War , Austria-Hungary turned its attention to the Balkans , which was a hotspot of international tension because of conflicting interests with the Russian Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'Austria-Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Austria-Hungary', 'summary': "Austria-Hungary , often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy , was a constitutional monarchy in Central and Eastern Europe between 1867 and 1918 . It was formed when the Austrian Empire adopted a new constitution ; as a result Austria ( Cisleithania ) and Hungary ( Transleithania ) were placed on equal footing . It dissolved when its member states proclaimed sovereignty and independence following the First World War . The union was established by the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 on 30 March 1867 in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War . It consisted of two monarchies ( Austria and Hungary ) , and one autonomous region : the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia under the Hungarian crown , which negotiated the Croatian-Hungarian Settlement in 1868 . It was ruled by the House of Habsburg , and constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the Habsburg Monarchy . Following the 1867 reforms , the Austrian and Hungarian states were co-equal in power . Foreign and military affairs came under joint oversight , but all other governmental faculties were divided between respective states . Austria-Hungary was a multinational state and one of Europe 's major powers at the time . Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe after the Russian Empire , at 621,538 km2 ( 239,977 sq mi ) , and the third-most populous ( after Russia and the German Empire ) . The Empire built up the fourth-largest machine building industry of the world , after the United States , Germany , and the United Kingdom . Austria-Hungary also became the world 's third largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home appliances , electric industrial appliances and power generation apparatus for power plants , after the United States and the German Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'GCVO', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1904', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royalty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Archduke Franz Ferdinand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand_of_Austria', 'summary': "Archduke Franz Ferdinand Carl Ludwig Joseph Maria of Austria ( 18 December 1863 - 28 June 1914 ) was the heir presumptive to the throne of Austria-Hungary . His assassination in Sarajevo is considered the most immediate cause of World War I. Franz Ferdinand was the eldest son of Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria , the younger brother of Emperor Franz Joseph I . Following the suicide of Crown Prince Rudolf in 1889 and the death of Karl Ludwig in 1896 , Franz Ferdinand became the heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne . His courtship of Sophie Chotek , a lady-in-waiting , caused conflict within the imperial household , and their morganatic marriage in 1900 was only allowed after he renounced his descendants ' rights to the throne . Franz Ferdinand held significant influence over the military , and in 1913 he was appointed inspector general of the Austro-Hungarian armed forces . On 28 June 1914 , Franz Ferdinand and his wife were assassinated in Sarajevo by the 19-year-old Gavrilo Princip , a member of Young Bosnia . Franz Ferdinand 's assassination led to the July Crisis and precipitated Austria-Hungary 's declaration of war against Serbia , which in turn triggered a series of events that eventually led to Austria-Hungary 's allies and Serbia 's allies declaring war on each other , starting World War I ."}]}, {'value': 'Austria-Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Austria-Hungary', 'summary': "Austria-Hungary , often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy , was a constitutional monarchy in Central and Eastern Europe between 1867 and 1918 . It was formed when the Austrian Empire adopted a new constitution ; as a result Austria ( Cisleithania ) and Hungary ( Transleithania ) were placed on equal footing . It dissolved when its member states proclaimed sovereignty and independence following the First World War . The union was established by the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 on 30 March 1867 in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War . It consisted of two monarchies ( Austria and Hungary ) , and one autonomous region : the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia under the Hungarian crown , which negotiated the Croatian-Hungarian Settlement in 1868 . It was ruled by the House of Habsburg , and constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the Habsburg Monarchy . Following the 1867 reforms , the Austrian and Hungarian states were co-equal in power . Foreign and military affairs came under joint oversight , but all other governmental faculties were divided between respective states . Austria-Hungary was a multinational state and one of Europe 's major powers at the time . Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe after the Russian Empire , at 621,538 km2 ( 239,977 sq mi ) , and the third-most populous ( after Russia and the German Empire ) . The Empire built up the fourth-largest machine building industry of the world , after the United States , Germany , and the United Kingdom . Austria-Hungary also became the world 's third largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home appliances , electric industrial appliances and power generation apparatus for power plants , after the United States and the German Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'KG', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1902', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royalty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Archduke Ludwig Victor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Archduke_Ludwig_Viktor_of_Austria', 'summary': 'Archduke Ludwig Viktor Joseph Anton of Austria ( 15 May 1842 - 18 January 1919 ) from the House of Habsburg was the youngest son born to Archduke Franz Karl of Austria and Princess Sophie of Bavaria and younger brother of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria .'}]}, {'value': 'Austria-Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Austria-Hungary', 'summary': "Austria-Hungary , often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy , was a constitutional monarchy in Central and Eastern Europe between 1867 and 1918 . It was formed when the Austrian Empire adopted a new constitution ; as a result Austria ( Cisleithania ) and Hungary ( Transleithania ) were placed on equal footing . It dissolved when its member states proclaimed sovereignty and independence following the First World War . The union was established by the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 on 30 March 1867 in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War . It consisted of two monarchies ( Austria and Hungary ) , and one autonomous region : the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia under the Hungarian crown , which negotiated the Croatian-Hungarian Settlement in 1868 . It was ruled by the House of Habsburg , and constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the Habsburg Monarchy . Following the 1867 reforms , the Austrian and Hungarian states were co-equal in power . Foreign and military affairs came under joint oversight , but all other governmental faculties were divided between respective states . Austria-Hungary was a multinational state and one of Europe 's major powers at the time . Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe after the Russian Empire , at 621,538 km2 ( 239,977 sq mi ) , and the third-most populous ( after Russia and the German Empire ) . The Empire built up the fourth-largest machine building industry of the world , after the United States , Germany , and the United Kingdom . Austria-Hungary also became the world 's third largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home appliances , electric industrial appliances and power generation apparatus for power plants , after the United States and the German Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'GCVO', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1903', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royalty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Archduke Leopold Salvator', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Archduke_Leopold_Salvator_of_Austria', 'summary': 'Archduke Leopold Salvator , Prince of Tuscany ( Leopold Salvator Maria Joseph Ferdinand Franz von Assisi Karl Anton von Padua Johann Baptist Januarius Aloys Gonzaga Rainer Wenzel Galius von Österreich-Toskana ) ( 15 October 1863 - 4 September 1931 ) , was the son of Archduke Karl Salvator of Austria and Princess Maria Immaculata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies .'}]}, {'value': 'Austria-Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Austria-Hungary', 'summary': "Austria-Hungary , often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy , was a constitutional monarchy in Central and Eastern Europe between 1867 and 1918 . It was formed when the Austrian Empire adopted a new constitution ; as a result Austria ( Cisleithania ) and Hungary ( Transleithania ) were placed on equal footing . It dissolved when its member states proclaimed sovereignty and independence following the First World War . The union was established by the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 on 30 March 1867 in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War . It consisted of two monarchies ( Austria and Hungary ) , and one autonomous region : the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia under the Hungarian crown , which negotiated the Croatian-Hungarian Settlement in 1868 . It was ruled by the House of Habsburg , and constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the Habsburg Monarchy . Following the 1867 reforms , the Austrian and Hungarian states were co-equal in power . Foreign and military affairs came under joint oversight , but all other governmental faculties were divided between respective states . Austria-Hungary was a multinational state and one of Europe 's major powers at the time . Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe after the Russian Empire , at 621,538 km2 ( 239,977 sq mi ) , and the third-most populous ( after Russia and the German Empire ) . The Empire built up the fourth-largest machine building industry of the world , after the United States , Germany , and the United Kingdom . Austria-Hungary also became the world 's third largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home appliances , electric industrial appliances and power generation apparatus for power plants , after the United States and the German Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'GCVO', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1903', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royalty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Archduke Franz Salvator', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Archduke_Franz_Salvator_of_Austria', 'summary': 'Archduke Franz Salvator of Austria , in Italian Francesco Salvatore Maria Giuseppe Ferdinando Carlo Leopoldo Antonio di Padova Giovanni Battista Gennaro Lodovico Gonzaga Raniero Benedetto Bernardo , in German Franz Salvator Maria Joseph Ferdinand Karl Leopold Anton von Padua Johann Baptist Januarius Aloys Gonzaga Rainer Benedikt Bernhard ( Altmünster , 21 August 1866 - Vienna , 20 April 1939 ) , was a member of the Tuscan branch of the House of Habsburg .'}]}, {'value': 'Austria-Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Austria-Hungary', 'summary': "Austria-Hungary , often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy , was a constitutional monarchy in Central and Eastern Europe between 1867 and 1918 . It was formed when the Austrian Empire adopted a new constitution ; as a result Austria ( Cisleithania ) and Hungary ( Transleithania ) were placed on equal footing . It dissolved when its member states proclaimed sovereignty and independence following the First World War . The union was established by the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 on 30 March 1867 in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War . It consisted of two monarchies ( Austria and Hungary ) , and one autonomous region : the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia under the Hungarian crown , which negotiated the Croatian-Hungarian Settlement in 1868 . It was ruled by the House of Habsburg , and constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the Habsburg Monarchy . Following the 1867 reforms , the Austrian and Hungarian states were co-equal in power . Foreign and military affairs came under joint oversight , but all other governmental faculties were divided between respective states . Austria-Hungary was a multinational state and one of Europe 's major powers at the time . Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe after the Russian Empire , at 621,538 km2 ( 239,977 sq mi ) , and the third-most populous ( after Russia and the German Empire ) . The Empire built up the fourth-largest machine building industry of the world , after the United States , Germany , and the United Kingdom . Austria-Hungary also became the world 's third largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home appliances , electric industrial appliances and power generation apparatus for power plants , after the United States and the German Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'GCVO', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1903', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royalty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Archduke Rainer Ferdinand', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Archduke_Rainer_Ferdinand_of_Austria', 'summary': 'Archduke Rainer Ferdinand Maria Johann Evangelist Franz Ignaz of Austria ( 11 January 1827 - 27 January 1913 ) , a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine and nephew of Emperor Francis II , was an Austrian politician who served as Minister-President of Austria from 1861 to 1865 .'}]}, {'value': 'Austria-Hungary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Austria-Hungary', 'summary': "Austria-Hungary , often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy , was a constitutional monarchy in Central and Eastern Europe between 1867 and 1918 . It was formed when the Austrian Empire adopted a new constitution ; as a result Austria ( Cisleithania ) and Hungary ( Transleithania ) were placed on equal footing . It dissolved when its member states proclaimed sovereignty and independence following the First World War . The union was established by the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 on 30 March 1867 in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War . It consisted of two monarchies ( Austria and Hungary ) , and one autonomous region : the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia under the Hungarian crown , which negotiated the Croatian-Hungarian Settlement in 1868 . It was ruled by the House of Habsburg , and constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the Habsburg Monarchy . Following the 1867 reforms , the Austrian and Hungarian states were co-equal in power . Foreign and military affairs came under joint oversight , but all other governmental faculties were divided between respective states . Austria-Hungary was a multinational state and one of Europe 's major powers at the time . Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe after the Russian Empire , at 621,538 km2 ( 239,977 sq mi ) , and the third-most populous ( after Russia and the German Empire ) . The Empire built up the fourth-largest machine building industry of the world , after the United States , Germany , and the United Kingdom . Austria-Hungary also became the world 's third largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home appliances , electric industrial appliances and power generation apparatus for power plants , after the United States and the German Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'GCVO', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1903', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royalty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'King Leopold I', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leopold_I_of_Belgium', 'summary': "Leopold I ( French : Léopold ; [ a ] 16 December 1790 - 10 December 1865 ) was a German prince who became the first King of the Belgians following the country 's independence in 1830 . He reigned between July 1831 and December 1865 . Born into the ruling family of the small German duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld , Leopold took a commission in the Imperial Russian Army and fought against Napoleon after French troops overran Saxe-Coburg during the Napoleonic Wars . After Napoleon 's defeat , Leopold moved to the United Kingdom where he married Princess Charlotte of Wales , who was second in line to the British throne and the only legitimate child of the Prince Regent ( the future King George IV ) . Charlotte died after only a year of marriage , but Leopold continued to enjoy considerable status in Britain . After the Greek War of Independence ( 1821-32 ) , Leopold was offered the crown of Greece but turned it down , believing it to be too precarious . Instead , Leopold accepted the kingship of the newly established Kingdom of Belgium in 1831 . The Belgian government offered the position to Leopold because of his diplomatic connections with royal houses across Europe , and because as the British-backed candidate , he was not affiliated with other powers , such as France , which were believed to have territorial ambitions in Belgium which might threaten the European balance of power created by the 1815 Congress of Vienna . Leopold took his oath as King of the Belgians on 21 July 1831 , an event commemorated annually as Belgian National Day . His reign was marked by attempts by the Dutch to recapture Belgium and , later , by internal political division between liberals and Catholics . As a Protestant , Leopold was considered liberal and encouraged economic modernisation , playing an important role in encouraging the creation of Belgium 's first railway in 1835 and subsequent industrialisation . As a result of the ambiguities in the Belgian Constitution , Leopold was able to slightly expand the monarch 's powers during his reign ."}]}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': 'KG', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1816', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royalty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'King Leopold II', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leopold_II_of_Belgium', 'summary': "Leopold II ( 9 April 1835 - 17 December 1909 ) was King of the Belgians from 1865 to 1909 . Born in Brussels as the second but eldest surviving son of Leopold I and Louise of Orléans , he succeeded his father to the Belgian throne in 1865 and reigned for 44 years until his death - the longest reign of any Belgian monarch . He died without surviving sons . The current Belgian king descends from his nephew and successor , Albert I. Leopold was the founder and sole owner of the Congo Free State , a private project undertaken on his own behalf . He used Henry Morton Stanley to help him lay claim to the Congo , the present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo . At the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885 , the colonial nations of Europe authorized his claim by committing the Congo Free State to improving the lives of the native inhabitants . Leopold ignored these conditions and ran the Congo using the mercenary Force Publique for his personal gain . He extracted a fortune from the territory , initially by the collection of ivory , and after a rise in the price of rubber in the 1890s , by forced labour from the native population to harvest and process rubber . He used great sums of the money from this exploitation for public and private construction projects in Belgium during this period . He donated the private buildings to the state before his death , to preserve them for Belgium . Leopold 's administration of the Congo was characterised by murder , torture , and atrocities , resulting from notorious systematic brutality . The hands of men , women , and children were amputated when the quota of rubber was not met ."}]}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': 'KG', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1866', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royalty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'King Albert I', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albert_I_of_Belgium', 'summary': 'Albert I ( 8 April 1875 - 17 February 1934 ) reigned as King of the Belgians from 1909 to 1934 . This was an eventful period in the history of Belgium , which included the period of World War I ( 1914-1918 ) , when 90 percent of Belgium was overrun , occupied , and ruled by the German Empire . Other crucial issues included the adoption of the Treaty of Versailles , the ruling of the Belgian Congo as an overseas possession of the Kingdom of Belgium along with the League of Nations mandate of Ruanda-Urundi , the reconstruction of Belgium following the war , and the first five years of the Great Depression ( 1929-1934 ) . King Albert died in a mountaineering accident in eastern Belgium in 1934 , at the age of 58 , and he was succeeded by his son Leopold III ( r. 1934-1951 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': 'KG', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1914', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royalty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'King Albert I', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Albert_I_of_Belgium', 'summary': 'Albert I ( 8 April 1875 - 17 February 1934 ) reigned as King of the Belgians from 1909 to 1934 . This was an eventful period in the history of Belgium , which included the period of World War I ( 1914-1918 ) , when 90 percent of Belgium was overrun , occupied , and ruled by the German Empire . Other crucial issues included the adoption of the Treaty of Versailles , the ruling of the Belgian Congo as an overseas possession of the Kingdom of Belgium along with the League of Nations mandate of Ruanda-Urundi , the reconstruction of Belgium following the war , and the first five years of the Great Depression ( 1929-1934 ) . King Albert died in a mountaineering accident in eastern Belgium in 1934 , at the age of 58 , and he was succeeded by his son Leopold III ( r. 1934-1951 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': 'GCB', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'tbd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royalty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'King Leopold III', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leopold_III_of_Belgium', 'summary': "Leopold III ( 3 November 1901 - 25 September 1983 ) was King of the Belgians from 1934 until 1951 , when he abdicated in favour of the heir apparent , his son Baudouin . From 1944 until 1950 , Leopold 's brother , Charles , served as prince regent while Leopold was declared unable to reign . Leopold 's controversial actions during the Second World War resulted in a political crisis known as the Royal Question . In 1950 , the debate about whether Leopold could resume his royal functions escalated . Following a referendum , Leopold was allowed to return from exile to Belgium , but the continuing political instability pressured him to abdicate in 1951 . Leopold was born in Brussels and succeeded to the throne of Belgium on 23 February 1934 , following the death of his father King Albert I ."}]}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': 'KG', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1935', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royalty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'King Leopold III', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leopold_III_of_Belgium', 'summary': "Leopold III ( 3 November 1901 - 25 September 1983 ) was King of the Belgians from 1934 until 1951 , when he abdicated in favour of the heir apparent , his son Baudouin . From 1944 until 1950 , Leopold 's brother , Charles , served as prince regent while Leopold was declared unable to reign . Leopold 's controversial actions during the Second World War resulted in a political crisis known as the Royal Question . In 1950 , the debate about whether Leopold could resume his royal functions escalated . Following a referendum , Leopold was allowed to return from exile to Belgium , but the continuing political instability pressured him to abdicate in 1951 . Leopold was born in Brussels and succeeded to the throne of Belgium on 23 February 1934 , following the death of his father King Albert I ."}]}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': 'RVC', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1937', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royalty', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'King Baudouin I', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baudouin_I_of_Belgium', 'summary': "Baudouin ( US : /boʊˈdwæ̃/ ; Dutch : Boudewijn ; German : Balduin ; 7 September 1930 - 31 July 1993 ) was King of the Belgians , following his father 's abdication , from 1951 until his death in 1993 . He was the last Belgian king to be sovereign of the Congo . He was the elder son of King Leopold III ( 1901-1983 ) and his first wife , Princess Astrid of Sweden ( 1905-1935 ) . Because he and his wife , Queen Fabiola , had no children , at Baudouin 's death the crown passed to his younger brother , King Albert II ."}]}, {'value': 'Belgium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Belgium', 'summary': "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ."}]}, {'value': 'KG', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1963', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Royalty', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'European royalty', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_honorary_British_knights_and_dames_6', 'intro': "This is an incomplete list of people who have been created honorary Knights or Dames by the British crown, as well as those who have been raised to the two comparable Orders of Chivalry (Order of Merit and Order of the Companions of Honour) and the Royal Victorian Chain, which do not carry pre-nominal styles. Use of pre-nominal styles and post-nominal initials. An honorary award is one made to a person who is not a citizen of a Commonwealth realm. He or she cannot use the pre-nominal style of 'Sir' or 'Dame', but can use the post-nominal letters (after their names), subject to the prevailing conventions in his or her own country. If such a person later acquires citizenship of a Commonwealth realm, then any honorary awards usually become substantive, and in the case of knights and dames they can begin to use the pre-nominal styles. However this is not automatic. The person must be dubbed by the Queen or Her Majesty's delegate in order to be entitled to use the pre-nominal style. If the knighthood is in an order which has a special class for honorary knighthoods, a change to a regular class of knighthoods is also required. Loss of citizenship of a British realm. Citizens of a country which was a full part of the British Empire or Commonwealth when they received the honour (i.e. who were British subjects at the time), were substantive knights or dames, not honorary. The knighthood does not become honorary, and the person may choose to use his or her title(s), after their country becomes a republic."}
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What was the nationality of the king whose first wife was Princess Astrid of Sweden ?
Belgium
04d809b6925fb182
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_New_York_University_alumni', 'title': 'List of New York University alumni', 'header': ['Name', 'Year', 'School', 'Degree', 'Notability'], 'data': [{'value': 'Neil Garg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neil_Garg', 'summary': "Neil K. Garg is currently a professor of chemistry and holds the Kenneth N. Trueblood Endowed Chair at the University of California - Los Angeles . Garg 's research is focused on the chemical synthesis of organic compounds , with an emphasis on the development of new strategies for the preparation of complex molecules possessing unique structural , biological , and physical properties . His group has made breakthroughs in catalysis and in the understanding and utilization of strained intermediates , such as arynes , cyclic alkynes , and cyclic allenes . His laboratory has completed the total syntheses of many natural products , including welwitindolinones , akuammilines , and tubingensin alkaloids . He has inspired a series of student-created music videos to encourage students to learn organic chemistry . He has led other innovative projects , such as the Organic Coloring Book , the Backside Attack smartphone app , QR Chem , and Biology And Chemistry Online Notes ( BACON ) ."}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CAS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'B.S', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UCLA Professor & Kenneth N. Trueblood Endowed Chair', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/UCLA', 'summary': "The University of California , Los Angeles ( UCLA ) is a public research university in Los Angeles . It became the Southern Branch of the University of California in 1919 , making it the fourth-oldest ( after UC Berkeley , UC San Francisco , and UC Davis ) of the 10-campus University of California system and oldest of the campuses in Southern California . It offers 337 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines . UCLA enrolls about 31,500 undergraduate and 12,800 graduate students and had 119,000 applicants for Fall 2016 , including transfer applicants , making the school the most applied-to of any American university . The university is organized into six undergraduate colleges , seven professional schools , and four professional health science schools . The undergraduate colleges are the College of Letters and Science ; Samueli School of Engineering ; School of the Arts and Architecture ; Herb Alpert School of Music ; School of Theater , Film and Television ; and School of Nursing . As of 2017 [ update ] , 24 Nobel laureates , three Fields Medalists , and five Turing Award winners , and two Chief Scientists of the U.S. Air Force have been affiliated with UCLA as faculty , researchers , or alumni . Among the current faculty members , 55 have been elected to the National Academy of Sciences , 28 to the National Academy of Engineering , 39 to the Institute of Medicine , and 124 to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . The university was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1974 . UCLA is considered one of the country 's Public Ivy universities , meaning that it is a public university thought to provide a quality of education comparable with that of the Ivy League . US News & World Report named UCLA the best public university in the United States for 2019 . UCLA student-athletes compete as the Bruins in the Pac-12 Conference ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Kenneth_N._Trueblood', 'summary': "Kenneth Nyitray Trueblood ( 1920-1998 ) was an American chemist known for pioneering work in the use of computers to determine chemical structures . His work is recognized as significantly contributing to Nobel Prizes being awarded to his long-term collaborators Dorothy Hodgkin and Donald Cram . He published 140 research papers . His organization of a departmental X-ray crystallography lab served as a worldwide model for other chemistry departments . Trueblood was a Guggenheim fellow for the academic year 1976-1977 . He was Chair of the UCLA Department of Chemistry from 1965-1970 and 1990-1991 . He was Dean of UCLA 's College of Letters and Science from 1971-1974 , and Chair of its Academic Senate from 1983-1984 . In 2018 , UCLA created the Kenneth N. Trueblood Endowed Chair in Chemistry & Biochemistry and appointed Neil K. Garg as the inaugural chairholder ."}]}, {'value': 'Geetha Angara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Geetha_Angara', 'summary': "On the afternoon of February 9 , 2005 , the body of Geetha Angara , a chemist , was found in a water tank at the Passaic Valley Water Commission treatment facility in Totowa , New Jersey , United States , after the tanks had been drained . She had not been seen since the previous morning when she had gone to the water tanks to take samples ; items she had been carrying when she was last seen alive were also found . The items , a radio and broken beaker , were found in the water , below an access panel that was slightly ajar . Broken glass was found on the floor near that panel . An autopsy found bruises on Angara 's neck consistent with choking , as well as on her waist and elbows , suggesting she had been involved in a violent struggle , but not a deadly one . The cause of death was determined to be drowning , as she was alive when she had gone into the water . Investigators classified the case as a homicide , believing the killing had been intentional ; they put Angara 's death as having occurred the day before . Since access to the plant was tightly controlled , police believed that the responsible party was someone else in the plant that day . After interviewing all of Angara 's coworkers over the next few months , detectives found some possible motives and narrowed a list of possible suspects down to eight men . Three were ultimately considered suspects , but after further investigation the case went cold , and as of 2020 [ update ] they have not been publicly identified and no arrests have been made . Investigators have also considered the possibility that the death was purely accidental , based on the work of a Scottish pathologist who argues that injuries very similar to those associated with strangulation can occur as victims drown in very cold water such as that Angara was found in - the theory is that the plate over the tank might negligently have been left open following some sample collection for water testing . Struck by similarities with a 1968 killing of a woman , also in Passaic County , alone while in a high-security industrial complex on a weekend , they looked for leads in that case 's file ."}]}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GSAS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ph.D', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Victim of unsolved 2005 homicide at New Jersey water treatment plant', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sylvan Barnet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sylvan_Barnet', 'summary': 'Sylvan Saul Barnet ( December 11 , 1926 - January 11 , 2016 ) was an American literary critic and Shakespearean scholar . He was a Fletcher Professor of English Emeritus at Tufts University and the general editor of the Signet Classics Shakespeare .'}]}, {'value': '1948', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CAS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'B.A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shakespearean scholar', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'E. Lloyd Du Brul', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/E._Lloyd_Du_Brul', 'summary': 'N/A'}]}, {'value': '1937', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DENT', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'D.D.S', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Author of Sicher and Du Brul 's Oral Anatomy", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Avery Fisher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Avery_Fisher', 'summary': 'Avery Robert Fisher ( March 4 , 1906 - February 26 , 1994 ) was an amateur violinist , pioneer in the field of sound reproduction , and founder of once prestigious Fisher Electronics . He served on the board for Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts , the New York Philharmonic , Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center , and the Marlboro Festival . He also established the Avery Fisher Artist Program that includes the Avery Fisher Prize and Career Grants in 1974 . Philharmonic Hall at Lincoln Center was named in his honor from 1973 until September 2015 , when it was renamed David Geffen Hall .'}]}, {'value': '1929', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ARTS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'B.S', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Inventor of the first stereo radio-phonograph', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caroline D. Gentile', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caroline_D._Gentile', 'summary': "Caroline Doris Gentile ( January 24 , 1924 - September 19 , 2008 ) was an American academic and physical education instructor . The longest-serving faculty member of the University of Maine at Presque Isle , she joined the staff in 1946 and developed the curriculum for the physical education department . She continued as a classroom instructor until her retirement in 2005 . She also made the largest-ever gift to the university , a $ 500,000 donation toward the establishment of a health and physical education complex which was named in her honor . She was inducted into the Maine Women 's Hall of Fame in 2000 and the Maine Sports Legends Hall of Honors in 2003 ."}]}, {'value': '1949', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'M.A', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Associate professor emeritus of education ; physical education instructor ; longest-serving faculty member of the University of Maine at Presque Isle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Physical_education', 'summary': "Physical education , also known as Phys Ed. , PE and in some Commonwealth countries as physical training or PT , is a class that pupils are required to take at school . It is taken during primary and secondary education and encourages psychomotor learning in a play or movement exploration setting to promote health . Whether the class produces positive effects on students ' health , behavior , and academic performance depends upon the kind of program that is taught . Physical Education programs vary all over the world . However , there are worldwide organizations that allow for a better understanding on how much exercise a child should be getting daily . Popular games in PE include football , netball , hockey , rounders , athletics and cricket ."}, {'url': '/wiki/University_of_Maine_at_Presque_Isle', 'summary': 'The University of Maine at Presque Isle ( UMPI ) is a public university in Presque Isle , Maine . It is part of the University of Maine System .'}]}, {'value': 'Corwin Hansch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corwin_Hansch', 'summary': "Corwin Herman Hansch ( October 6 , 1918 - May 8 , 2011 ) was a Professor of Chemistry at Pomona College in California . He became known as the 'father of computer-assisted molecule design . '"}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GSAS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_University_Graduate_School_of_Arts_and_Science', 'summary': 'The New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science ( GSAS ) is a school within New York University ( NYU ) founded in 1886 by Henry Mitchell MacCracken , establishing NYU as the second academic institution in the United States to grant Ph.D. degrees on academic performance and examination . The School is housed in the Silver Center , several departments have their own buildings and houses around Washington Square . The graduate program at Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences , although run independently , is formally associated with the graduate school .'}]}, {'value': 'Ph.D', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Inventor of the Hansch equation', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tito Boeri', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tito_Boeri', 'summary': 'Tito Michele Boeri ( born 3 August 1958 in Milan ) is an Italian economist , currently professor of economics at Bocconi University , Milan and acts as Scientific Director of the Fondazione Rodolfo Debenedetti .'}]}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ph.D', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Professor at Bocconi University , Milan ; director of Fondazione RDB', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bocconi_University', 'summary': "Bocconi University ( Italian : Università Commerciale Luigi Bocconi [ universiˈta kommerˈtʃaːle luˈiːdʒi bokˈkoːni ] ) is a private university in Milan , Italy . Bocconi provides undergraduate , graduate and post-graduate education in the fields of economics , management , finance , law , political science and public administration . SDA Bocconi , the university 's business school , offers MBA and Executive MBA programs . Bocconi university is consistently ranked as the top university in Italy in the fields of economics , management , finance , and business administration ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Milan', 'summary': "Milan ( /mɪˈlæn/ , US also /mɪˈlɑːn/ , Italian : Milano [ miˈlaːno ] ( listen ) , Milanese : [ miˈlãː ] ( listen ) ) is a city in northern Italy , capital of Lombardy , and the second-most populous city in Italy after Rome . Milan served as the capital of the Western Roman Empire , the Duchy of Milan and the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia . The city proper has a population of about 1.4 million while its metropolitan city has 3.23 million inhabitants . Its continuously built-up urban area , that stretches well beyond the boundaries of its administrative metropolitan city , is the fourth largest in the EU with 5.27 million inhabitants . The population within the wider Milan metropolitan area , also known as Greater Milan , is estimated at 8.2 million , making it by far the largest metropolitan area in Italy and the 4th largest in the EU . Milan is considered a leading alpha global city , with strengths in the field of the art , commerce , design , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , services , research and tourism . Its business district hosts Italy 's stock exchange ( Italian : Borsa Italiana ) , and the headquarters of national and international banks and companies . In terms of GDP , it has the second-largest economy among EU cities after Paris , and is the wealthiest among EU non-capital cities . Milan is considered part of the Blue Banana and one of the Four Motors for Europe . The city has been recognized as one of the world 's four fashion capitals thanks to several international events and fairs , including Milan Fashion Week and the Milan Furniture Fair , which are currently among the world 's biggest in terms of revenue , visitors and growth . It hosted the Universal Exposition in 1906 and 2015 . The city hosts numerous cultural institutions , academies and universities , with 11% of the national total enrolled students ."}]}, {'value': 'Eric R. Kandel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eric_R._Kandel', 'summary': "Eric Richard Kandel ( German : [ ˈkandəl ] ; born November 7 , 1929 ) is an Austrian-American medical doctor who specialized in Psychiatry , a neuroscientist and a University Professor of biochemistry and biophysics at the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Columbia University . He was a recipient of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the physiological basis of memory storage in neurons . He shared the prize with Arvid Carlsson and Paul Greengard . He is a Senior Investigator in the Howard Hughes Medical Institute . He was also the founding director of the Center for Neurobiology and Behavior , which is now the Department of Neuroscience at Columbia University . He currently serves on the Scientific Council of the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation . Kandel 's popularized account chronicling his life and research , In Search of Memory : The Emergence of a New Science of Mind , was awarded the 2006 Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Science and Technology ."}]}, {'value': '1955', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Med', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_University_School_of_Medicine', 'summary': 'The New York University School of Medicine is the medical school of New York University . Founded in 1841 as the University Medical College , the NYU School of Medicine is one of the foremost medical schools in the United States , ranking 9th in research according to U.S. News & World Report . As of 2017 , it is one of the most selective medical schools in the United States , with an acceptance rate of 1.6% . In 2014 , New York University School of Medicine attracted over $ 304.5 million in external research funding from the National Institutes of Health alone . The School of Medicine is part of NYU Langone Medical Center , named after Kenneth Langone , the investment banker and financial backer of The Home Depot . It is located at 550 First Avenue in New York City . The School of Medicine has 1,177 full-time faculty and 3,091 part-time faculty . Additionally , there are 104 endowed professorships , 1,078 residents/fellows , 68 M.D./Ph.D . candidates and 400 postdoctoral fellows as of 2011 [ update ] . The NYU Medical Center is home to the School of Medicine , the Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences , and the Charles C. Harris Skin & Cancer Pavilion . In 2016-17 , NYU Langone Medical Center was also recognized on the U.S. News & World Report Best Hospitals Honor Roll , ranking 10th among the top hospitals in the nation with 13 nationally ranked specialties including cancer , cardiology & heart surgery , neurology & neurosurgery , orthopedics , diabetes & endocrinology , nephrology , geriatrics , gastroenterology , ear , nose & throat , rehabilitation , pulmonology , rheumatology , and urology . Graduates of New York University School of Medicine are accepted into competitive residency programs and leading medical centers .'}]}, {'value': 'M.D', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine', 'summary': "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is awarded yearly by the Nobel Foundation for outstanding discoveries in the fields of life sciences and medicine . One of five prizes bequested in 1895 by Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel , it is an award for scientific progress through laboratory discoveries in experimental physiology . The Nobel Prize is presented annually on the anniversary of Nobel 's death , 10 December . As of 2019 , 110 Nobel Prizes in Physiology or Medicine have been awarded to 207 men and 12 women . The first one was awarded in 1901 to the German physiologist Emil von Behring , for his work on serum therapy and the development of a vaccine against diphtheria . The first woman to receive the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine , Gerty Cori , received it in 1947 for her role in elucidating the metabolism of glucose , important in many aspects of medicine , including treatment of diabetes . The prize consists of a medal along with a diploma and a certificate for the monetary award . The front side of the medal displays the same profile of Alfred Nobel depicted on the medals for Physics , Chemistry , and Literature ; the reverse side is unique to this medal . The most recent Nobel prize was announced by Karolinska Institute on 7 October 2019 , and has been awarded to Americans William Kaelin Jr. , Gregg L. Semenza and British Peter J. Ratcliffe - for their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability . Some awards have been controversial . This includes one to António Egas Moniz in 1949 for the prefrontal lobotomy , bestowed despite protests from the medical establishment . Other controversies resulted from disagreements over who was included in the award ."}]}, {'value': 'Peter Lax', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peter_Lax', 'summary': 'Peter David Lax ( born Lax Péter Dávid ; 1 May 1926 ) is a Hungarian-born American mathematician working in the areas of pure and applied mathematics . Lax has made important contributions to integrable systems , fluid dynamics and shock waves , solitonic physics , hyperbolic conservation laws , and mathematical and scientific computing , among other fields . In a 1958 paper Lax stated a conjecture about matrix representations for third order hyperbolic polynomials which remained unproven for over four decades . Interest in the Lax conjecture grew as mathematicians working in several different areas recognized the importance of its implications in their field , until it was finally proven to be true in 2003 .'}]}, {'value': '1947 , 1949', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'GSAS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_University_Graduate_School_of_Arts_and_Science', 'summary': 'The New York University Graduate School of Arts and Science ( GSAS ) is a school within New York University ( NYU ) founded in 1886 by Henry Mitchell MacCracken , establishing NYU as the second academic institution in the United States to grant Ph.D. degrees on academic performance and examination . The School is housed in the Silver Center , several departments have their own buildings and houses around Washington Square . The graduate program at Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences , although run independently , is formally associated with the graduate school .'}]}, {'value': 'B.A. , Ph.D', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2005 Abel Prize laureate', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abel_Prize', 'summary': "The Abel Prize /ˈɑːbəl/ ( Norwegian : Abelprisen ) is a Norwegian prize awarded annually by the King of Norway to one or more outstanding mathematicians . It is named after Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel ( 1802-1829 ) and directly modeled after the Nobel Prizes . It comes with a monetary award of 7.5 million Norwegian Kroner ( NOK ) . The Abel Prize 's history dates back to 1899 , when its establishment was proposed by the Norwegian mathematician Sophus Lie when he learned that Alfred Nobel 's plans for annual prizes would not include a prize in mathematics . In 1902 , King Oscar II of Sweden and Norway indicated his willingness to finance a mathematics prize to complement the Nobel Prizes , but the establishment of the prize was prevented by the dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden in 1905 . It took almost a century before the prize was finally established by the Government of Norway in 2001 , and it was specifically intended to give the mathematicians their own equivalent of a Nobel Prize . The laureates are selected by the Abel Committee , the members of which are appointed by the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters . The award ceremony takes place in the Aula of the University of Oslo , where the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded between 1947 and 1989 . The Abel Prize board has also established an Abel symposium , administered by the Norwegian Mathematical Society ."}]}, {'value': 'Leonard Linkow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leonard_Linkow', 'summary': 'Leonard I. Linkow ( February 25 , 1926 - January 26 , 2017 ) was an American dentist and pioneer in the field of oral implantology . In 1969 , he was nominated for a Nobel Prize in medicine , making him the only dentist to be nominated for the prize . Linkow held 36 patents in dental science .'}]}, {'value': '1952', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'College of Dentistry', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DDS', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pioneer in oral implantology ; nominated for Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1969', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Martin Hellman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Martin_Hellman', 'summary': 'Martin Edward Hellman ( born October 2 , 1945 ) is an American cryptologist , best known for his invention of public key cryptography in cooperation with Whitfield Diffie and Ralph Merkle . Hellman is a longtime contributor to the computer privacy debate , has applied risk analysis to a potential failure of nuclear deterrence , and in 2016 wrote a book with his wife , Dorothie Hellman , that links creating love at home to bringing peace to the planet ( A New Map for Relationships : Creating True Love at Home and Peace on the Planet ) .'}]}, {'value': '1966', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ENG', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_University_Tandon_School_of_Engineering', 'summary': "The New York University Tandon School of Engineering ( commonly referred to as Tandon ) is the engineering and applied science school of New York University . Tandon is the second oldest private engineering and technology school in the United States . The school dates back to 1854 when its predecessor institutions , the University of the City of New York School of Civil Engineering and Architecture and the Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute , were founded . The school was renamed in 2015 in honor of NYU Trustees Chandrika and Ranjan Tandon following their donation of $ 100 million to the school . The school 's main campus is in Brooklyn 's MetroTech Center , an urban academic-industrial research park . It is one of several engineering schools that were founded based on a European polytechnic university model in the 1800s , in response to the increasing industrialization of the United States . It has been a key center of research in the development of microwave , wireless , radar , electronics in general , polymers , industrial engineering and operations research and the US space program ."}]}, {'value': 'B.S', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Invented public key cryptography ; inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame ; Turing Award winner', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Public_key_cryptography', 'summary': "Public-key cryptography , or asymmetric cryptography , is a cryptographic system that uses pairs of keys : public keys which may be disseminated widely , and private keys which are known only to the owner . The generation of such keys depends on cryptographic algorithms based on mathematical problems to produce one-way functions . Effective security only requires keeping the private key private ; the public key can be openly distributed without compromising security . In such a system , any person can encrypt a message using the receiver 's public key , but that encrypted message can only be decrypted with the receiver 's private key . Robust authentication is also possible . A sender can combine a message with a private key to create a short digital signature on the message . Anyone with the sender 's corresponding public key can combine the same message and the supposed digital signature associated with it to verify whether the signature was valid , i.e . made by the owner of the corresponding private key . Public key algorithms are fundamental security ingredients in modern cryptosystems , applications and protocols assuring the confidentiality , authenticity and non-repudiability of electronic communications and data storage . They underpin various Internet standards , such as Transport Layer Security ( TLS ) , S/MIME , PGP , and GPG . Some public key algorithms provide key distribution and secrecy ( e.g. , Diffie-Hellman key exchange ) , some provide digital signatures ( e.g. , Digital Signature Algorithm ) , and some provide both ( e.g. , RSA ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/National_Inventors_Hall_of_Fame', 'summary': 'The National Inventors Hall of Fame ( NIHF ) is an American not-for-profit organization which recognizes individual engineers and inventors who hold a U.S. patent of highly significant technology . Founded in 1973 , its primary mission is to honor the people responsible for the great technological advances that make human , social and economic progress possible . Besides the Hall of Fame , it also operates a museum in Alexandria , Virginia , and a former middle school in Akron , Ohio , and sponsors educational programs , a collegiate competition , and special projects all over the United States to encourage creativity among students . As of 2020 , 603 inventors have been inducted , mostly constituting historic persons from the past three centuries , but including about 100 living inductees . An NIHF committee chooses an annual inductee class in February from nominations accepted from all sources . Nominees must hold a U.S. patent of significant contribution to the U.S. welfare , and which advances science and useful arts . The 2020 class included 22 inventors .'}]}, {'value': 'John Harvey Kellogg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Harvey_Kellogg', 'summary': 'John Harvey Kellogg ( February 26 , 1852 - December 14 , 1943 ) was an American medical doctor , nutritionist , inventor , health activist , anti-masturbation advocate , and businessman . He was the director of the Battle Creek Sanitarium in Battle Creek , Michigan . The sanitarium was founded by members of the Seventh-day Adventist Church . It combined aspects of a European spa , a hydrotherapy institution , a hospital and a high-class hotel . Kellogg treated both the rich and famous and the poor who could not afford other hospitals . Disagreements with other members of the church led to a major schism within the denomination : Kellogg was disfellowshipped in 1907 , but continued to follow many Adventist beliefs and directed the sanitarium until his death in 1943 . Kellogg also helped to establish the American Medical Missionary College in 1895 . The College operated independently until 1910 , when it merged with Illinois State University . Kellogg was a major leader in progressive health reform , particularly in the second phase of the clean living movement . He wrote extensively on science and health . His approach to biologic living combined scientific knowledge with Adventist beliefs , promoting health reform , temperance and sexual abstinence . His promotion of developing anaphrodisic foods was based on these beliefs .'}]}, {'value': '1875', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Med', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_University_School_of_Medicine', 'summary': 'The New York University School of Medicine is the medical school of New York University . Founded in 1841 as the University Medical College , the NYU School of Medicine is one of the foremost medical schools in the United States , ranking 9th in research according to U.S. News & World Report . As of 2017 , it is one of the most selective medical schools in the United States , with an acceptance rate of 1.6% . In 2014 , New York University School of Medicine attracted over $ 304.5 million in external research funding from the National Institutes of Health alone . The School of Medicine is part of NYU Langone Medical Center , named after Kenneth Langone , the investment banker and financial backer of The Home Depot . It is located at 550 First Avenue in New York City . The School of Medicine has 1,177 full-time faculty and 3,091 part-time faculty . Additionally , there are 104 endowed professorships , 1,078 residents/fellows , 68 M.D./Ph.D . candidates and 400 postdoctoral fellows as of 2011 [ update ] . The NYU Medical Center is home to the School of Medicine , the Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences , and the Charles C. Harris Skin & Cancer Pavilion . In 2016-17 , NYU Langone Medical Center was also recognized on the U.S. News & World Report Best Hospitals Honor Roll , ranking 10th among the top hospitals in the nation with 13 nationally ranked specialties including cancer , cardiology & heart surgery , neurology & neurosurgery , orthopedics , diabetes & endocrinology , nephrology , geriatrics , gastroenterology , ear , nose & throat , rehabilitation , pulmonology , rheumatology , and urology . Graduates of New York University School of Medicine are accepted into competitive residency programs and leading medical centers .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Co-inventor of Kellogg 's cereals", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barbara Keyfitz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Barbara_Keyfitz', 'summary': 'Barbara Lee Keyfitz is a Canadian-American mathematician , the Dr. Charles Saltzer Professor of Mathematics at Ohio State University . In her research , she studies nonlinear partial differential equations and associated conservation laws .'}]}, {'value': '1970', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Courant', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ph.D', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Director of the Fields Institute', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fields_Institute', 'summary': 'The Fields Institute for Research in Mathematical Sciences , commonly known simply as Fields Institute , is an international centre for scientific research in mathematical sciences at the University of Toronto , in Toronto , Ontario , Canada . The institute is named for University of Toronto mathematician John Charles Fields , after whom the Fields Medal is also named . It was established in 1992 , and was briefly based at the University of Waterloo before relocating to Toronto in 1995 . As a centre for mathematical activity , the institute brings together mathematicians from Canada and abroad . It also supports the collaboration between professional mathematicians and researchers in other domains , such as statistics , computer science , engineering , physical and biological sciences , medicine , economics and finance , telecommunications and information systems . It also holds monthly meetings on mathematics education , attended by participants from secondary school boards , university mathematics departments and the private sector .'}]}, {'value': 'David Korn', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Korn_(computer_scientist)', 'summary': 'David G. Korn ( b. Brooklyn , August 28 , 1943 ) is an American UNIX programmer and the author of the Korn shell ( ksh ) , a command line interface/programming language .'}]}, {'value': '1969', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Courant', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ph.D', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Creator of the Korn shell', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Korn_shell', 'summary': "KornShell ( ksh ) is a Unix shell which was developed by David Korn at Bell Labs in the early 1980s and announced at USENIX on July 14 , 1983 . The initial development was based on Bourne shell source code . Other early contributors were Bell Labs developers Mike Veach and Pat Sullivan , who wrote the Emacs and vi-style line editing modes ' code , respectively . KornShell is backward-compatible with the Bourne shell and includes many features of the C shell , inspired by the requests of Bell Labs users ."}]}, {'value': 'Boris Aronov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boris_Aronov', 'summary': 'Boris Aronov ( born March 13 , 1963 ) is a computer scientist , currently a professor at the Tandon School of Engineering , New York University . His main area of research is computational geometry . He is a Sloan Research Fellow . Aronov earned his B.A . in computer science and mathematics in 1984 from Queens College , City University of New York . He went on to graduate studies at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences of New York University , where he received his M.S . in 1986 and Ph.D. in 1989 , under the supervision of Micha Sharir .'}]}, {'value': '1986 , 1989', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Courant', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'M.S. , Ph.D', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Computer scientist ; professor at New York University Tandon School of Engineering ; Sloan Research Fellow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_University_Tandon_School_of_Engineering', 'summary': "The New York University Tandon School of Engineering ( commonly referred to as Tandon ) is the engineering and applied science school of New York University . Tandon is the second oldest private engineering and technology school in the United States . The school dates back to 1854 when its predecessor institutions , the University of the City of New York School of Civil Engineering and Architecture and the Brooklyn Collegiate and Polytechnic Institute , were founded . The school was renamed in 2015 in honor of NYU Trustees Chandrika and Ranjan Tandon following their donation of $ 100 million to the school . The school 's main campus is in Brooklyn 's MetroTech Center , an urban academic-industrial research park . It is one of several engineering schools that were founded based on a European polytechnic university model in the 1800s , in response to the increasing industrialization of the United States . It has been a key center of research in the development of microwave , wireless , radar , electronics in general , polymers , industrial engineering and operations research and the US space program ."}]}, {'value': 'Gerald Soffen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gerald_Soffen', 'summary': "Dr. Gerald A. Soffen ( February 7 , 1926 - November 22 , 2000 ) , known as Jerry or Gerry , was a NASA scientist and educator who served in a wide variety of roles for the space agency , primarily dealing with either education or with life sciences - especially the search for life on Mars . He earned his A.B.S . from the University of California , Los Angeles , his M.S . from University of Southern California , and his Ph.D. in Biology from Princeton University . He pursued his postdoctoral work at New York University . Working from NASA 's Langley Research Center in the mid- to late-1970s , Dr. Soffen was project scientist for the NASA 's Viking program of Mars landers , the first successful missions to perform unmanned experiments on the surface of the planet . In that role , he oversaw all scientific investigations conducted by the landers , coordinating the work of more than seventy scientists around the nation . In 1977 he appeared on an episode of the popular television series In Search Of entitled Martians and he spoke about the Viking 's findings up to that time . We have started what will become an adventure of mankind in searching for not only the lower forms of life but also the search for intelligent life . This is one of the milestones in the course of human destiny to find cousins . Soffen also predicted that mankind would eventually colonize Mars by using Planetary Engineering ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Postdoc', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chief scientist of the Viking missions to Mars in 1976', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Salvatore Stolfo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salvatore_J._Stolfo', 'summary': 'Salvatore J. Stolfo is a tenured professor of computer science at Columbia University in New York and a leading expert in computer security . He is known for his research in machine learning applied to computer security , intrusion detection systems , anomaly detection algorithms and systems , fraud detection , and parallel computing .'}]}, {'value': '1979', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Courant', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ph.D', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Professor at Columbia University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Columbia_University', 'summary': "Columbia University ( also known as Columbia , and officially as Columbia University in the City of New York ) is a private Ivy League research university in New York City . Established in 1754 on the grounds of Trinity Church in Manhattan , Columbia is the oldest institution of higher education in New York and the fifth-oldest institution of higher learning in the United States . It is one of nine colonial colleges founded prior to the Declaration of Independence , seven of which belong to the Ivy League . It has been ranked by numerous major education publications as among the top ten universities in the world . Columbia was established as King 's College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain in reaction to the founding of Princeton University in New Jersey . It was renamed Columbia College in 1784 following the American Revolution , and in 1787 was placed under a private board of trustees headed by former students Alexander Hamilton and John Jay . In 1896 , the campus was moved to its current location in Morningside Heights and renamed Columbia University . Columbia scientists and scholars have played an important role in the development of notable scientific fields and breakthroughs including : brain-computer interface ; the laser and maser ; nuclear magnetic resonance ; the first nuclear pile ; the first nuclear fission reaction in the Americas ; Thomas Hunt Morgan 's drosophila experiment - considered the origin of modern genetics ; the first evidence for plate tectonics and continental drift ; and much of the initial research and planning of the Manhattan Project during World War II . The Columbia University Physics Department has been affiliated with 33 Nobel Prize winners as alumni , faculty or research staff , the third most of any American institution behind MIT and Harvard . In addition , 22 Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine have been affiliated with Columbia , the third most of any American institution . The university 's research efforts include the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory , Goddard Institute for Space Studies and accelerator laboratories with major technology firms such as IBM . Columbia is one of the fourteen founding members of the Association of American Universities and was the first school in the United States to grant the M.D ."}]}, {'value': 'Cathleen Synge Morawetz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cathleen_Synge_Morawetz', 'summary': "Cathleen Synge Morawetz ( May 5 , 1923 - August 8 , 2017 ) was a Canadian mathematician who spent much of her career in the United States . Morawetz 's research was mainly in the study of the partial differential equations governing fluid flow , particularly those of mixed type occurring in transonic flow . She was professor emerita at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences at the New York University , where she had also served as director from 1984 to 1988 . She was awarded the National Medal of Science in 1998 ."}]}, {'value': '1951', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ph.D', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'National Academy of Science', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lee Morin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lee_Morin', 'summary': 'Lee Miller Emile Morin ( born September 9 , 1952 ) M.D. , Ph.D. is a United States Navy Captain and NASA astronaut . He flew on STS-110 in 2002 .'}]}, {'value': '1978-1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Med', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/New_York_University_School_of_Medicine', 'summary': 'The New York University School of Medicine is the medical school of New York University . Founded in 1841 as the University Medical College , the NYU School of Medicine is one of the foremost medical schools in the United States , ranking 9th in research according to U.S. News & World Report . As of 2017 , it is one of the most selective medical schools in the United States , with an acceptance rate of 1.6% . In 2014 , New York University School of Medicine attracted over $ 304.5 million in external research funding from the National Institutes of Health alone . The School of Medicine is part of NYU Langone Medical Center , named after Kenneth Langone , the investment banker and financial backer of The Home Depot . It is located at 550 First Avenue in New York City . The School of Medicine has 1,177 full-time faculty and 3,091 part-time faculty . Additionally , there are 104 endowed professorships , 1,078 residents/fellows , 68 M.D./Ph.D . candidates and 400 postdoctoral fellows as of 2011 [ update ] . The NYU Medical Center is home to the School of Medicine , the Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences , and the Charles C. Harris Skin & Cancer Pavilion . In 2016-17 , NYU Langone Medical Center was also recognized on the U.S. News & World Report Best Hospitals Honor Roll , ranking 10th among the top hospitals in the nation with 13 nationally ranked specialties including cancer , cardiology & heart surgery , neurology & neurosurgery , orthopedics , diabetes & endocrinology , nephrology , geriatrics , gastroenterology , ear , nose & throat , rehabilitation , pulmonology , rheumatology , and urology . Graduates of New York University School of Medicine are accepted into competitive residency programs and leading medical centers .'}]}, {'value': 'M.Sc. , M.D. , Ph.D', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Astronaut', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Academia and research -- Professors , researchers and scientists', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_New_York_University_alumni_1', 'intro': "New York University (NYU) is one of the world's premier residential research and teaching institutions. This partial list of notable New York University alumni includes a sampling of the many graduates who are leaders in their respective fields, non-graduate former students, fictional students, and current students of New York University. The list is abridged - only a representative few are listed. NYU ranks 7th among the World's top 100 universities for producing millionaires, as compiled by Times Higher Education World University Rankings. NYU ranks 5th globally among universities with the highest number of alumni worth $30 million or more, as compiled by ABC News. CNBC ranks NYU 4th globally among universities with the most billionaire graduates. National Academy of Inventors ranks NYU 19th in the world based on the number of patents generated. In 2016, a study based on a computerized analysis of the number of times institutions of higher education are mentioned in Wikipedia and the number of times people search for them on Google, ranked NYU #19 among all universities in the world. NYU also is the second top feeder school for analyst careers in finance and investment banking, after University of Pennsylvania, on Wall Street."}
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In what year was a building named in the honor of the person who graduated in 1929 ?
1973
04d8f5c0e3748c22
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics', 'title': 'Turkey at the 1948 Summer Olympics', 'header': ['Medal', 'Name', 'Sport', 'Event'], 'data': [{'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nasuh Akar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nasuh_Akar', 'summary': "Nasuh Akar ( 10 May 1925 - 18 May 1984 ) was a Turkish sports wrestler , who won the gold medal in the Bantamweight class of Men 's Freestyle category at the 1948 Olympics . He was born in the village Yiğitler of Boğazlıyan district of Yozgat Province . Following his gold medal win at the 1948 London Olympics , Nasuh Akar became European and World champion . In 1952 , he retired from active wrestling and served then as trainer . He died on 18 May 1984 . His wife Ayşe Akar succeeded him . A training sports hall in Eskişehir , opened in 1994 , is named after Nasuh Akar ."}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1948 Summer Olympics , 16 wrestling events were contested , for all men . There were eight weight classes in Greco-Roman wrestling and eight classes in freestyle wrestling . The freestyle competitions were held from July 29 to July 31 , 1948 and the Greco-Roman events were held from August 3 to August 6 , 1948 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Freestyle 52 - 57 kg ( bantamweight )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gazanfer Bilge', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gazanfer_Bilge', 'summary': "Gazanfer Bilge ( July 23 , 1924 - April 20 , 2008 ) was a Turkish sports wrestler who won the gold medal in the Featherweight class of Men 's Freestyle Wrestling at the 1948 Olympics ."}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1948 Summer Olympics , 16 wrestling events were contested , for all men . There were eight weight classes in Greco-Roman wrestling and eight classes in freestyle wrestling . The freestyle competitions were held from July 29 to July 31 , 1948 and the Greco-Roman events were held from August 3 to August 6 , 1948 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Freestyle 57 - 63 kg ( featherweight )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Celal Atik', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Celal_Atik', 'summary': "Celal Atik ( 1920 - 27 April 1979 ) was a Turkish wrestler and coach . He competed both in Greco-Roman and freestyle wrestling , but had his best achievements in the freestyle , winning gold medals at the 1948 Olympics , 1951 World and 1946 and 1949 European championships . He was born in the village of Gürdan in the Boğazlıyan district of Yozgat Province , Turkey . He changed his family name from Doğan to Atik ( literally , Slippy ) after a proposal by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk , the founder of the Turkish Republic , who noticed his speed at the 1938 national championships . After retiring from competition , from 1955 to 1979 he coached the national wrestling team and prepared multiple international competitors . Appointed the head trainer by the International Wrestling Federation ( FILA ) in Switzerland , he gave lessons on wrestling techniques to sportspeople from all around the world . He is recognized as one of Turkey 's best wrestlers , with exceptional technique as well as the most aesthetic physique . In addition to his other honors , he was awarded with the Légion d'honneur of France . Atik died on 27 April 1979 in a hospital in Ankara . Two sports halls - one in İzmir with a capacity of 1,200 people and another one in his hometown Yozgat - are named after him ."}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1948 Summer Olympics , 16 wrestling events were contested , for all men . There were eight weight classes in Greco-Roman wrestling and eight classes in freestyle wrestling . The freestyle competitions were held from July 29 to July 31 , 1948 and the Greco-Roman events were held from August 3 to August 6 , 1948 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Freestyle 63 - 67 kg ( lightweight )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yasar Dogu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yasar_Dogu', 'summary': 'Yaşar Doğu ( 1913 - 8 January 1961 ) , was a renowned Turkish World and Olympic champion sports wrestler in Greco-Roman and Freestyle . He was born in the village Karlı of Kavak district in Samsun province to a family of Circassian origin . He began wrestling at his age of 15 in yağlı güreş ( oil wrestling ) and continued in this folk sports until he entered the military service . His sports wrestling career started 1936 in Ankara as he was discovered by the sports wrestler Celal Atik . Yaşar Doğu was admitted to the national team in 1939 . He participated at the European Championships held that year in Oslo , Norway and became silver medalist in Greco-Roman style , his only participation at any international competition missing the gold medal . He became Balkan , European and World champion besides Olympic gold medalist . Yaşar Doğu wrestled 47 times in the national team between 1939 and 1951 , of which only one he lost . 33 of his matches he won by near-fall . All his 46 winning matches lasted 372 minutes in total , whereas the normal duration should be 690 minutes . After retiring from the active sports , he served as the trainer of the national team . He married to Hayriye on 15 October 1937 .'}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1948 Summer Olympics , 16 wrestling events were contested , for all men . There were eight weight classes in Greco-Roman wrestling and eight classes in freestyle wrestling . The freestyle competitions were held from July 29 to July 31 , 1948 and the Greco-Roman events were held from August 3 to August 6 , 1948 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Freestyle 67 - 73 kg ( welterweight )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ahmet Kireççi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ahmet_Kireççi', 'summary': "Ahmet Kireççi ( aka Ahmet Mersinli , 27 October 1914 in Mersin - 17 August 1978 in Mersin , Turkey ) , was a Turkish sports wrestler , who won the Olympic medal twice , the bronze medal in the Middleweight class of Men 's Freestyle Wrestling at the 1936 Olympics and the gold medal in the Heavyweight class of Men 's Greco-Roman category at the 1948 Olympics . Born in the southern city of Mersin , he began first boxing and then continued in athletics . He switched over to wrestling and took part in a yağlı güreş ( oil wrestling ) competition in Tarsus , where he became champion . Ahmet Kireççi was sent to Istanbul to join the Wrestling Club of Kumkapı . In 1931 , he was admitted to the national team , of which he was a member 17 years long . With 18 years of age , he became Balkan champion , a title he repeated twice more . With his bronze medal gathered at the 1936 Berlin Olympics , he became the first Turkish wrestler to win an Olympic medal in the Freestyle and to win an Olympic medal in the both wrestling styles . Following President İsmet İnönü 's suggestion at a reception after his return , Ahmet Kireççi accepted to change his family name officially to Mersinli , which was his nickname . He died on 17 August 1978 following a traffic accident in his hometown . A statue of him erected in a corner near the harbour of Mersin commemorates the successful and popular wrestler ."}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1948 Summer Olympics , 16 wrestling events were contested , for all men . There were eight weight classes in Greco-Roman wrestling and eight classes in freestyle wrestling . The freestyle competitions were held from July 29 to July 31 , 1948 and the Greco-Roman events were held from August 3 to August 6 , 1948 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Greco-Roman + 87 kg ( super heavyweight )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gold', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mehmet Oktav', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mehmet_Oktav', 'summary': "Mehmet Oktav ( 1917 in Istanbul , Turkey - 1996 ) was a Turkish sports wrestler , who became Olympic gold medalist for Turkey in the Featherweight class of Men 's Greco-Roman Wrestling in 1948 . He began his sports career as a football player in 1942 , switched over , however , to wrestling afterwards . He won the gold medal in the 1948 Olympics in 62 kg class as the second Turkish wrestler after Yaşar Erkan . Before retiring in 1953 , he competed 13 times in the national team . Mehmet Oktav served then in some sports clubs and in the national team 17 years long as a trainer ."}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1948 Summer Olympics , 16 wrestling events were contested , for all men . There were eight weight classes in Greco-Roman wrestling and eight classes in freestyle wrestling . The freestyle competitions were held from July 29 to July 31 , 1948 and the Greco-Roman events were held from August 3 to August 6 , 1948 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Greco-Roman 57 - 61 kg ( featherweight )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Halit Balamir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Halit_Balamir', 'summary': 'Halit Balamir ( 1922 - 2 March 2009 ) was a Turkish sport wrestler . He was born in Gümüşhane He won a silver medal in freestyle wrestling , flyweight class , at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London .'}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1948 Summer Olympics , 16 wrestling events were contested , for all men . There were eight weight classes in Greco-Roman wrestling and eight classes in freestyle wrestling . The freestyle competitions were held from July 29 to July 31 , 1948 and the Greco-Roman events were held from August 3 to August 6 , 1948 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Freestyle - 52 kg ( flyweight )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Adil Candemir', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adil_Candemir', 'summary': 'Adil Candemir ( 1917- died 12 January 1989 ) was a Turkish sport wrestler . He was born in Amasya . He won a silver medal in freestyle wrestling , middleweight class , at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London .'}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1948 Summer Olympics , 16 wrestling events were contested , for all men . There were eight weight classes in Greco-Roman wrestling and eight classes in freestyle wrestling . The freestyle competitions were held from July 29 to July 31 , 1948 and the Greco-Roman events were held from August 3 to August 6 , 1948 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Freestyle 73 - 79 kg ( middleweight )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kenan Olcay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenan_Olcay', 'summary': 'Kenan Olcay ( born 30 november 1913 , date of death unknown ) was a Greco-Roman wrestler from Turkey . He won a silver medal in the flyweight class at the 1948 Olympics .'}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1948 Summer Olympics , 16 wrestling events were contested , for all men . There were eight weight classes in Greco-Roman wrestling and eight classes in freestyle wrestling . The freestyle competitions were held from July 29 to July 31 , 1948 and the Greco-Roman events were held from August 3 to August 6 , 1948 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Greco-Roman - 52 kg ( flyweight )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Silver', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Muhlis Tayfur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Muhlis_Tayfur', 'summary': 'Muhlis Tayfur ( 1922-21 July 2008 ) was a Turkish sport wrestler , born in Erzurum . He won a silver medal in Greco-Roman wrestling , middleweight class , at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London .'}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1948 Summer Olympics , 16 wrestling events were contested , for all men . There were eight weight classes in Greco-Roman wrestling and eight classes in freestyle wrestling . The freestyle competitions were held from July 29 to July 31 , 1948 and the Greco-Roman events were held from August 3 to August 6 , 1948 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Greco-Roman 73 - 79 kg ( middleweight )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Halil Kaya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Halil_Kaya', 'summary': 'Halil Kaya ( born 1920 , date of death unknown ) was a Turkish sport wrestler . He won a bronze medal in Greco-Roman wrestling , bantamweight class , at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London .'}]}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': 'At the 1948 Summer Olympics , 16 wrestling events were contested , for all men . There were eight weight classes in Greco-Roman wrestling and eight classes in freestyle wrestling . The freestyle competitions were held from July 29 to July 31 , 1948 and the Greco-Roman events were held from August 3 to August 6 , 1948 .'}]}, {'value': "Men 's Greco-Roman 52 - 57 kg ( bantamweight )", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bronze', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ruhi Sarıalp', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ruhi_Sarıalp', 'summary': "Ruhi Sarıalp ( December 15 , 1924 - March 3 , 2001 ) was a Turkish track and field athlete , who competed mainly in the triple jump . He was born in Manisa . He competed for Turkey in the 1948 Summer Olympics held in London , Great Britain in the triple jump , where he won the bronze medal with a mark of 15.02 m. He started athletics during his education at the military high school in Konya . In 1945 , he broke the Turkish record in triple jump . After his bronze medal jump at the Olympics , he won another bronze medal at the 1950 European Athletics Championships in Brussels , Belgium . He became so the first ever track and field athlete from Turkey to win a medal at the Olympics and the European Championships . Ruhi Sarıalp became champion at the World Military Athletics Championships held 1951 in Rome , Italy by breaking the World record . He repeated his first place in the same championships of 1952 After leaving the active sports , Ruhi Sarıalp served as a lecturer for physical education in the School of Maritime at Istanbul Technical University ( İTÜ ) . The indoor sports hall of İTÜ , located in the Tuzla district of Istanbul , is named after him . He was a member of the supreme council of the Fenerbahçe SK athletic branch Fenerbahçe Athletics . He died on March 3 , 2001 in Izmir due to agonal respiration , and was buried in the Edirnekapı Martyr 's Cemetery in Istanbul . He was married with Ayşe Cebesoy , a niece of the renowned Turkish statesman Ali Fuat Cebesoy ."}]}, {'value': 'Athletics', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics', 'summary': "At the 1948 Summer Olympics in London , 33 athletics events were contested , 24 for men and 9 for women . Three events made their Olympic debut at these Games : women 's 200 metres , women 's long jump and women 's shot put . There were a total number of 745 participating athletes from 53 countries ."}]}, {'value': "Men 's Triple Jump", 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Medalists', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Turkey_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics_0', 'intro': 'Turkey competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, England. 58 competitors, 57 men and 1 woman, took part in 42 events in 7 sports.'}
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The winner of the silver medal in the Freestyle middleweight division is from which Turkish city ?
Amasya
04d9046a6205a162
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2009_Games_of_the_Small_States_of_Europe', 'title': 'Athletics at the 2009 Games of the Small States of Europe', 'header': ['Rank', 'Name', 'Nationality', 'Time'], 'data': [{'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mike Schumacher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Schumacher', 'summary': 'Mike Schumacher ( born May 21 , 1986 ) is a track and field athlete who competed for Luxembourg in the 800 metres run at the 2009 World Championships in Athletics .'}]}, {'value': 'Luxembourg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luxembourg', 'summary': "Luxembourg ( /ˈlʌksəmbɜːrɡ/ ( listen ) LUK-səm-burg ; Luxembourgish : Lëtzebuerg [ ˈlətsəbuə̯ɕ ] ( listen ) ; French : Luxembourg ; German : Luxemburg ) , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , [ c ] is a landlocked country in western Europe . It is bordered by Belgium to the west and north , Germany to the east , and France to the south . Its capital , Luxembourg City , is one of the four official capitals of the European Union ( together with Brussels , Frankfurt , and Strasbourg ) and the seat of the European Court of Justice , the highest judicial authority in the EU . Its culture , people , and languages are highly intertwined with its neighbours , making it essentially a mixture of French and German cultures , as evident by the nation 's three official languages : French , German , and the national language of Luxembourgish . The repeated invasions by Germany , especially in World War II , resulted in the country 's strong will for mediation between France and Germany and , among other things , led to the foundation of the European Union . With an area of 2,586 square kilometres ( 998 sq mi ) , it is one of the smallest sovereign states in Europe . In 2019 , Luxembourg had a population of 613,894 , which makes it one of the least-populous countries in Europe , but by far the one with the highest population growth rate . Foreigners account for nearly half of Luxembourg 's population . As a representative democracy with a constitutional monarch , it is headed by Grand Duke Henri and is the world 's only remaining sovereign grand duchy . Luxembourg is a developed country , with an advanced economy and one of the world 's highest GDP ( PPP ) per capita . The City of Luxembourg with its old quarters and fortifications was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994 due to the exceptional preservation of the vast fortifications and the old city . The history of Luxembourg is considered to begin in 963 , when count Siegfried acquired a rocky promontory and its Roman-era fortifications known as Lucilinburhuc , little castle , and the surrounding area from the Imperial Abbey of St. Maximin in nearby Trier ."}]}, {'value': '1:51.70', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Demetris Filippou', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cyprus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cyprus', 'summary': "Cyprus ( /ˈsaɪprəs/ ( listen ) ; Greek : Κύπρος [ ˈcipros ] ; Turkish : Kıbrıs [ ˈkɯbɾɯs ] ) , officially the Republic of Cyprus ( Greek : Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία , lit . Cypriot Republic ; Turkish : Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti , lit . Republic of Cyprus ) , is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean and the third-largest and third-most populous island in the Mediterranean , located south of Turkey , west of Syria and Lebanon , north of Israel , the Gaza Strip ( Palestinian region ) and Egypt , and southeast of Greece . The earliest known human activity on the island dates to around the 10th millennium BC . Archaeological remains from this period include the well-preserved Neolithic village of Khirokitia , and Cyprus is home to some of the oldest water wells in the world . Cyprus was settled by Mycenaean Greeks in two waves in the 2nd millennium BC . As a strategic location in the Middle East , it was subsequently occupied by several major powers , including the empires of the Assyrians , Egyptians and Persians , from whom the island was seized in 333 BC by Alexander the Great . Subsequent rule by Ptolemaic Egypt , the Classical and Eastern Roman Empire , Arab caliphates for a short period , the French Lusignan dynasty and the Venetians , was followed by over three centuries of Ottoman rule between 1571 and 1878 ( de jure until 1914 ) . Cyprus was placed under the UK 's administration based on the Cyprus Convention in 1878 and was formally annexed by the UK in 1914 . While Turkish Cypriots made up 18% of the population , the partition of Cyprus and creation of a Turkish state in the north became a policy of Turkish Cypriot leaders and Turkey in the 1950s . Turkish leaders for a period advocated the annexation of Cyprus to Turkey as Cyprus was considered an extension of Anatolia by them ; while , since the 19th century , the majority Greek Cypriot population and its Orthodox church had been pursuing union with Greece , which became a Greek national policy in the 1950s . Following nationalist violence in the 1950s , Cyprus was granted independence in 1960 ."}]}, {'value': '1:52.89', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Christophe Bestgen', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Luxembourg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luxembourg', 'summary': "Luxembourg ( /ˈlʌksəmbɜːrɡ/ ( listen ) LUK-səm-burg ; Luxembourgish : Lëtzebuerg [ ˈlətsəbuə̯ɕ ] ( listen ) ; French : Luxembourg ; German : Luxemburg ) , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , [ c ] is a landlocked country in western Europe . It is bordered by Belgium to the west and north , Germany to the east , and France to the south . Its capital , Luxembourg City , is one of the four official capitals of the European Union ( together with Brussels , Frankfurt , and Strasbourg ) and the seat of the European Court of Justice , the highest judicial authority in the EU . Its culture , people , and languages are highly intertwined with its neighbours , making it essentially a mixture of French and German cultures , as evident by the nation 's three official languages : French , German , and the national language of Luxembourgish . The repeated invasions by Germany , especially in World War II , resulted in the country 's strong will for mediation between France and Germany and , among other things , led to the foundation of the European Union . With an area of 2,586 square kilometres ( 998 sq mi ) , it is one of the smallest sovereign states in Europe . In 2019 , Luxembourg had a population of 613,894 , which makes it one of the least-populous countries in Europe , but by far the one with the highest population growth rate . Foreigners account for nearly half of Luxembourg 's population . As a representative democracy with a constitutional monarch , it is headed by Grand Duke Henri and is the world 's only remaining sovereign grand duchy . Luxembourg is a developed country , with an advanced economy and one of the world 's highest GDP ( PPP ) per capita . The City of Luxembourg with its old quarters and fortifications was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994 due to the exceptional preservation of the vast fortifications and the old city . The history of Luxembourg is considered to begin in 963 , when count Siegfried acquired a rocky promontory and its Roman-era fortifications known as Lucilinburhuc , little castle , and the surrounding area from the Imperial Abbey of St. Maximin in nearby Trier ."}]}, {'value': '1:53.64', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brice Etes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brice_Etes', 'summary': 'Brice Etès ( born 11 April 1984 in Monaco ) is a Monégasque athlete of French descent who is a middle-distance specialist .'}]}, {'value': 'Monaco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monaco', 'summary': "Monaco ( /ˈmɒnəkoʊ/ ( listen ) ; French pronunciation : \u200b [ mɔnako ] ) , officially the Principality of Monaco ( French : Principauté de Monaco ) , [ a ] is a sovereign city-state , country , and microstate on the French Riviera in Western Europe . France borders the country on three sides while the other side borders the Mediterranean Sea . Monaco is about 15 km ( 9.3 mi ) from the state border with Italy . Monaco has an area of 2.02 km2 ( 0.78 sq mi ) , making it the second-smallest country in the world after the Vatican . Its population as of 2018 is 38,682 . With 19,009 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 49,230/sq mi ) , it is the most densely-populated sovereign state in the world . Monaco has a land border of 5.47 km ( 3.40 mi ) , the world 's shortest coastline of approximately 3.83 km ( 2.38 mi ) ( regardless of the coastline paradox ) , and a width that varies between 1,700 and 349 m ( 5,577 and 1,145 ft ) . The highest point in the country is a narrow pathway named Chemin des Révoires on the slopes of Mont Agel , in the Les Révoires Ward , which is 161 metres ( 528 feet ) above sea level . Monaco 's most populous Quartier is Monte Carlo and the most populous Ward is Larvotto/Bas Moulins . Through land reclamation , Monaco 's land mass has expanded by 20 percent . In 2005 , it had an area of only 1.974 km2 ( 0.762 sq mi ) . Monaco is known to be the most expensive and the wealthiest place in the world due to its tax laws ."}]}, {'value': '1:53.93', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rémy Charpentier', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Monaco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monaco', 'summary': "Monaco ( /ˈmɒnəkoʊ/ ( listen ) ; French pronunciation : \u200b [ mɔnako ] ) , officially the Principality of Monaco ( French : Principauté de Monaco ) , [ a ] is a sovereign city-state , country , and microstate on the French Riviera in Western Europe . France borders the country on three sides while the other side borders the Mediterranean Sea . Monaco is about 15 km ( 9.3 mi ) from the state border with Italy . Monaco has an area of 2.02 km2 ( 0.78 sq mi ) , making it the second-smallest country in the world after the Vatican . Its population as of 2018 is 38,682 . With 19,009 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 49,230/sq mi ) , it is the most densely-populated sovereign state in the world . Monaco has a land border of 5.47 km ( 3.40 mi ) , the world 's shortest coastline of approximately 3.83 km ( 2.38 mi ) ( regardless of the coastline paradox ) , and a width that varies between 1,700 and 349 m ( 5,577 and 1,145 ft ) . The highest point in the country is a narrow pathway named Chemin des Révoires on the slopes of Mont Agel , in the Les Révoires Ward , which is 161 metres ( 528 feet ) above sea level . Monaco 's most populous Quartier is Monte Carlo and the most populous Ward is Larvotto/Bas Moulins . Through land reclamation , Monaco 's land mass has expanded by 20 percent . In 2005 , it had an area of only 1.974 km2 ( 0.762 sq mi ) . Monaco is known to be the most expensive and the wealthiest place in the world due to its tax laws ."}]}, {'value': '1:54.22', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Marios Markides', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cyprus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cyprus', 'summary': "Cyprus ( /ˈsaɪprəs/ ( listen ) ; Greek : Κύπρος [ ˈcipros ] ; Turkish : Kıbrıs [ ˈkɯbɾɯs ] ) , officially the Republic of Cyprus ( Greek : Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία , lit . Cypriot Republic ; Turkish : Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti , lit . Republic of Cyprus ) , is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean and the third-largest and third-most populous island in the Mediterranean , located south of Turkey , west of Syria and Lebanon , north of Israel , the Gaza Strip ( Palestinian region ) and Egypt , and southeast of Greece . The earliest known human activity on the island dates to around the 10th millennium BC . Archaeological remains from this period include the well-preserved Neolithic village of Khirokitia , and Cyprus is home to some of the oldest water wells in the world . Cyprus was settled by Mycenaean Greeks in two waves in the 2nd millennium BC . As a strategic location in the Middle East , it was subsequently occupied by several major powers , including the empires of the Assyrians , Egyptians and Persians , from whom the island was seized in 333 BC by Alexander the Great . Subsequent rule by Ptolemaic Egypt , the Classical and Eastern Roman Empire , Arab caliphates for a short period , the French Lusignan dynasty and the Venetians , was followed by over three centuries of Ottoman rule between 1571 and 1878 ( de jure until 1914 ) . Cyprus was placed under the UK 's administration based on the Cyprus Convention in 1878 and was formally annexed by the UK in 1914 . While Turkish Cypriots made up 18% of the population , the partition of Cyprus and creation of a Turkish state in the north became a policy of Turkish Cypriot leaders and Turkey in the 1950s . Turkish leaders for a period advocated the annexation of Cyprus to Turkey as Cyprus was considered an extension of Anatolia by them ; while , since the 19th century , the majority Greek Cypriot population and its Orthodox church had been pursuing union with Greece , which became a Greek national policy in the 1950s . Following nationalist violence in the 1950s , Cyprus was granted independence in 1960 ."}]}, {'value': '1:56.38', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mark Herrera', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mark_Herrera', 'summary': 'Mark Herrera ( born 20 March 1984 ) is a Maltese born athlete who competes on behalf of the Republic of Malta . He is the Maltese 3000 metre steeplechase record holder . Herrera attended the University of Malta from which he graduated in 2006 with a B.Sc . ( Hons ) Information Technology .'}]}, {'value': 'Malta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malta', 'summary': "The origin of the name Malta is uncertain , and the modern-day variation is derived from the Maltese language . The most common etymology is that the word Malta is derived from the Greek word μέλι , meli , honey . The ancient Greeks called the island Μελίτη ( Melitē ) meaning honey-sweet , possibly for Malta 's unique production of honey ; an endemic subspecies of bees live on the island . The Romans called the island Melita , which can be considered either a latinisation of the Greek Μελίτη or the adaptation of the Doric Greek pronunciation of the same word Μελίτα . In 1525 William Tyndale used the transliteration Melite in Acts 28:1 for Καὶ διασωθέντες τότε ἐπέγνωμεν ὅτι Μελίτη ἡ νῆσος καλεῖται as found in his translation of The New Testament that relied on Greek texts instead of Latin . Melita is the spelling used in the Authorized ( King James ) Version of 1611 and in the American Standard Version of 1901 . Malta is widely used in more recent versions , such as The Revised Standard Version of 1946 and The New International Version of 1973 . Another conjecture suggests that the word Malta comes from the Phoenician word Maleth , a haven , or 'port ' in reference to Malta 's many bays and coves . Few other etymological mentions appear in classical literature , with the term Malta appearing in its present form in the Antonine Itinerary ( Itin . Marit . p. 518 ; Sil . Ital ."}]}, {'value': '1:56.55', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thorbergur Ingi Jonsson', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Iceland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Iceland', 'summary': "Iceland ( Icelandic : Ísland ; [ ˈistlant ] ( listen ) ) [ c ] is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic , with a population of 360,390 and an area of 103,000 km2 ( 40,000 sq mi ) , making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe . [ d ] The capital and largest city is Reykjavík . Reykjavik and the surrounding areas in the southwest of the country are home to over two-thirds of the population . Iceland is volcanically and geologically active . The interior consists of a plateau characterised by sand and lava fields , mountains , and glaciers , and many glacial rivers flow to the sea through the lowlands . Iceland is warmed by the Gulf Stream and has a temperate climate , despite a high latitude just outside the Arctic Circle . Its high latitude and marine influence keep summers chilly , with most of the archipelago having a tundra climate . According to the ancient manuscript Landnámabók , the settlement of Iceland began in 874 AD when the Norwegian chieftain Ingólfr Arnarson became the first permanent settler on the island . In the following centuries , Norwegians , and to a lesser extent other Scandinavians , emigrated to Iceland , bringing with them thralls ( i.e. , slaves or serfs ) of Gaelic origin . The island was governed as an independent commonwealth under the Althing , one of the world 's oldest functioning legislative assemblies . Following a period of civil strife , Iceland acceded to Norwegian rule in the 13th century . The establishment of the Kalmar Union in 1397 united the kingdoms of Norway , Denmark , and Sweden ."}]}, {'value': '1:58.15', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mario Debono', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Malta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malta', 'summary': "The origin of the name Malta is uncertain , and the modern-day variation is derived from the Maltese language . The most common etymology is that the word Malta is derived from the Greek word μέλι , meli , honey . The ancient Greeks called the island Μελίτη ( Melitē ) meaning honey-sweet , possibly for Malta 's unique production of honey ; an endemic subspecies of bees live on the island . The Romans called the island Melita , which can be considered either a latinisation of the Greek Μελίτη or the adaptation of the Doric Greek pronunciation of the same word Μελίτα . In 1525 William Tyndale used the transliteration Melite in Acts 28:1 for Καὶ διασωθέντες τότε ἐπέγνωμεν ὅτι Μελίτη ἡ νῆσος καλεῖται as found in his translation of The New Testament that relied on Greek texts instead of Latin . Melita is the spelling used in the Authorized ( King James ) Version of 1611 and in the American Standard Version of 1901 . Malta is widely used in more recent versions , such as The Revised Standard Version of 1946 and The New International Version of 1973 . Another conjecture suggests that the word Malta comes from the Phoenician word Maleth , a haven , or 'port ' in reference to Malta 's many bays and coves . Few other etymological mentions appear in classical literature , with the term Malta appearing in its present form in the Antonine Itinerary ( Itin . Marit . p. 518 ; Sil . Ital ."}]}, {'value': '1:59.22', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': "Men 's results -- 800 metres", 'section_text': 'June 2', 'uid': 'Athletics_at_the_2009_Games_of_the_Small_States_of_Europe_4', 'intro': 'Athletics competition at the 2009 Games of the Small States of Europe was held from 2-6 June 2009 in Nicosia, Cyprus.'}
null
null
How many square miles is the country with a runner that finished with a time of 1:53.93 at the 2009 Games of the Small States of Europe ?
0.78
04d98cd36351515c
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_from_Albert_County,_New_Brunswick', 'title': 'List of people from Albert County, New Brunswick', 'header': ['Full Name', 'Community', 'Famous for', 'Birth', 'Death'], 'data': [{'value': 'R. B. Bennett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/R._B._Bennett', 'summary': "Richard Bedford Bennett , 1st Viscount Bennett , PC , KC ( July 3 , 1870 - June 26 , 1947 ) was a Canadian lawyer , businessman and politician . He served as the 11th prime minister of Canada , in office from 1930 to 1935 . He led the Conservative Party from 1927 to 1938 . Bennett 's prime ministership is widely regarded as a failure by historians , although he left lasting legacies in the form of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation ( established 1932 ) and the Bank of Canada ( established 1934 ) . Bennett was born in Hopewell Hill , New Brunswick , and grew up in nearby Hopewell Cape . He studied law at Dalhousie University , graduating in 1893 , and in 1897 moved to Calgary to establish a law firm in partnership with James Lougheed . Bennett served in the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories from 1898 to 1905 , and later in the Alberta Legislature from 1909 to 1911 . He was the inaugural leader of the Alberta Conservative Party from 1905 , resigning upon his election to the House of Commons in 1911 . From 1920 to 1921 , Bennett was Minister of Justice under Arthur Meighen . He also served briefly as Minister of Finance in Meighen 's second government in 1926 , which lasted just a month . Meighen resigned the Conservative Party 's leadership after its defeat at the 1926 election , with Bennett elected as his replacement ( and thus Leader of the Opposition ) . Bennett became prime minister after the 1930 election , where the Conservatives won a landslide victory over Mackenzie King 's Liberal Party ."}]}, {'value': 'Hopewell Hill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hopewell_Hill,_New_Brunswick', 'summary': 'Hopewell Hill is a Canadian rural community in Albert County , New Brunswick . It is most famous for being the birthplace of the Right Honourable Richard Bedford Bennett , 1st Viscount Bennett , PC , KC , LL.B ( July 3 , 1870 - June 26 , 1947 ) , who was the eleventh Prime Minister of Canada from August 7 , 1930 to October 23 , 1935 . Hopewell Hill has a population of almost 200 , and has a store , an auto garage , a teahouse and a restaurant .'}]}, {'value': 'Politics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1870', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1947', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'W. A. C. Bennett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/W._A._C._Bennett', 'summary': 'William Andrew Cecil Bennett PC OC ( September 6 , 1900 - February 23 , 1979 ) was a Canadian politician . He was the 25th Premier of British Columbia . With just over 20 years in office , Bennett was and remains the longest-serving premier in British Columbia history . He was usually referred to as W. A. C. Bennett , although some referred to him either affectionately or mockingly as Wacky Bennett . To his close friends , he was known as Cece . [ citation needed ]'}]}, {'value': 'Hastings', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hastings,_New_Brunswick', 'summary': "Fundy National Park is a national park of Canada located on the Bay of Fundy , near the village of Alma , New Brunswick . It was officially opened on 29 July 1950 . The Park showcases a rugged coastline which rises up to the Canadian Highlands , the highest tides in the world and more than 25 waterfalls . The Park covers an area of 207 km2 ( 80 sq mi ) along Goose Bay , the northwestern branch of the Bay of Fundy . When one looks across the Bay , one can see the northern Nova Scotia coast . At low tide , park visitors can explore the ocean floor where a variety of sea creatures ( e.g. , dog whelk , periwinkles , various seaweeds ) cling to life . At high tide , the ocean floor disappears under 15 m ( 50 ft ) of salt water . There are 25 hiking trails throughout the park . The Caribou Plains trail and boardwalk provides access to upland forest and bog habitats . Dickson Falls is the most popular trail in the park . Park amenities include a golf course , a heated saltwater swimming pool , three campgrounds , and a network of over 100 km of hiking and biking trails . During the winter , Fundy National Park is available for day use , at one 's own risk ."}]}, {'value': 'Politics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1900', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1979', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Coleman Calhoun', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Coleman_Calhoun', 'summary': 'John Coleman Calhoun ( March 1871 - September 28 , 1950 ) was a politician in Alberta , Canada and a municipal councillor in Edmonton .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Politics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1871', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1950', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'A. Russell Colpitts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A._Russell_Colpitts', 'summary': 'Arthur Russell Colpitts ( September 7 , 1906 - 1976 ) was a farmer and political figure in New Brunswick , Canada . He represented Albert in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick as a Liberal member from 1939 to 1952 . He was born in Colpitts Settlement , New Brunswick , the son of Samuel B. Colpitts and Addie B . In 1927 , he married Geraldine A. Fulton . Colpitts was also a fox rancher .'}]}, {'value': 'Colpitts Settlement', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Politics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1906', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fred Colpitts', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fred_Colpitts', 'summary': 'Fred Colpitts ( May 20 , 1887 - June 3 , 1963 ) was a Canadian politician . He served in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick as member of the Liberal party from 1931 to 1939 . Aside from his political involvement , Fred was also a well known farmer and fox rancher . Fred was born in Little River , New Brunswick .'}]}, {'value': 'Colpitts Settlement', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Politics ; Business', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1887', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1963', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Harry O. Downey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harry_O._Downey', 'summary': 'Harry Orliff Downey ( May 9 , 1897 - April 17 , 1974 ) was a fox rancher and political figure in the Province of New Brunswick , Canada . He represented Albert in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1931 to 1952 as a Liberal member . He was born in Curryville , New Brunswick , the son of Oscar E. Downey and Rose E. Matthews . Downey was speaker for the provincial assembly from 1944 to 1952 .'}]}, {'value': 'Curryville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Curryville,_New_Brunswick', 'summary': 'Curryville is a Canadian community near the eastern edge of Albert County , New Brunswick , Canada . Situated along the Albert Mines Road and its intersections with Chemical Road and Grub Road , the village is bordered by Demoiselle Creek in the north and Cape Station in the south . Population is approximately 110 of 798 residents in Hopewell Parish . Prominent buildings include the former Curryville United Church and a former community hall , now a ceramic arts studio . Other features include various abandoned pits and quarries ( gravel and sandstone ) and remnants of the now dismantled Albert Railway ( 1877 to 1955 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Politics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1897', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Molly Kool', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Molly_Kool', 'summary': "Myrtle 'Molly ' Kool ( February 23 , 1916 - February 25 , 2009 ) was a Canadian sea captain . She is recognized as being one of the first North American registered female sea captains or ship master . She was the first female Master Mariner in Canada ."}]}, {'value': 'Alma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alma,_New_Brunswick', 'summary': 'Alma ( 2011 Population 232 ) is a village in the parish of Alma , Albert County , New Brunswick , Canada . This village is centered on the small delta of the Upper Salmon River and Cleveland Brook , where they empty into Salisbury Bay . The headquarters of Fundy National Park is in Alma West , making tourism a major part of the local economy . Fishing , of lobster and scallops , is another primary economic activity .'}]}, {'value': 'Sea Captain', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1916', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'William James Lewis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_James_Lewis', 'summary': "William James Lewis ( September 23 , 1830 - June 22 , 1910 ) was a physician and political figure in New Brunswick , Canada . He represented Albert County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1879 to 1896 and Albert in the House of Commons of Canada from 1896 to 1904 as an Independent and then Liberal member . He was born in Hillsborough , New Brunswick , the son of John Lewis , who served in the province 's assembly and Legislative Council , and Lavinia Taylor . He was educated there and at Sackville , then went on to study medicine at the University of Glasgow . He served as coroner for Albert County and was also a school trustee . He practised medicine in Hillsborough . He was married twice : to Melissa Steeves in 1877 and to Catherine Duffy in 1885 . Lewis was a member of the province 's Executive Council from 1882 to 1883 . He died in Saint John at the age of 79 ."}]}, {'value': 'Hillsborough', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hillsborough,_New_Brunswick', 'summary': 'Hillsborough is a village in Albert County in the Canadian province of New Brunswick . The village is situated on a hill overlooking the Petitcodiac River near the intersection of Route 910 and Route 114 . Hillsborough is the largest settlement in Hillsborough Parish .'}]}, {'value': 'Politics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1830', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1910', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Abner Reid McClelan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Abner_Reid_McClelan', 'summary': 'Abner Reid McClelan ( January 4 , 1831 - January 30 , 1917 ) was a Canadian senator and the tenth Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick . Born in Riverside-Albert , New Brunswick , the son of Peter McClelan and Lucy ( Robinson ) McLelan , he was educated at Mount Allison Wesleyan Academy in Sackville , ( now Mount Allison University ) . He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick in 1854 and served until confederation in 1867 when he was called to the Senate of Canada for the senatorial division of New Brunswick . A Liberal , he resigned in 1896 when he was appointed Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick . He served until 1902 . McClelan died in Moncton , New Brunswick in 1917 .'}]}, {'value': 'Riverside-Albert', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Riverside-Albert,_New_Brunswick', 'summary': 'Riverside-Albert ( 2016 pop . : 350 ) is a Canadian village in Albert County , New Brunswick . The village is composed of two separate communities , Riverside and Albert , which were amalgamated into a single municipality in 1966 . Riverside-Albert is located on the Shepody River at the edge of the Shepody Marsh . The community of Harvey is located nearby . It is approximately halfway between two major tourist destinations : Fundy National Park and the Hopewell Rocks . The Trans Canada Trail passes through Riverside-Albert .'}]}, {'value': 'Politics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1831', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1917', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hugh McMonagle', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hugh_McMonagle', 'summary': "Hugh McMonagle ( 1817 - October 12 , 1889 ) was an inn-keeper and political figure in New Brunswick , later a province of Canada . He represented King County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1856 to 1857 . He was born in Hillsborough , Albert County , the son of Cornelius McMonagle , a native of Ireland , and Anne Scott . McMonagle later settled in Sussex Corner . He was married twice : first to Margaret Roach and then to Mary Roach , her sister . McMonagle raised cows and work horses as well as raising and training pure-bred race horses . He introduced the Morgan horse to New Brunswick . McMonagle 's horse Livingstone defeated George Gilbert 's Retriever in the so-called Great race of 1847 ."}]}, {'value': 'Hillsborough', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hillsborough,_New_Brunswick', 'summary': 'Hillsborough is a village in Albert County in the Canadian province of New Brunswick . The village is situated on a hill overlooking the Petitcodiac River near the intersection of Route 910 and Route 114 . Hillsborough is the largest settlement in Hillsborough Parish .'}]}, {'value': 'Politics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1817', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1889', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Neil McNeil', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neil_McNeil', 'summary': 'Neil McNeil ( November 23 , 1851 - May 25 , 1934 ) was the Roman Catholic Archbishop of Vancouver from 1910 to 1912 and Roman Catholic Archbishop of Toronto from 1912 to 1934 .'}]}, {'value': 'Hillsborough', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hillsborough,_New_Brunswick', 'summary': 'Hillsborough is a village in Albert County in the Canadian province of New Brunswick . The village is situated on a hill overlooking the Petitcodiac River near the intersection of Route 910 and Route 114 . Hillsborough is the largest settlement in Hillsborough Parish .'}]}, {'value': 'Religion', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1851', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1934', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Charles J. Osman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charles_J._Osman', 'summary': 'Charles Joseph Osman ( April 15 , 1851 - 1922 ) was a businessman and political figure in New Brunswick , Canada . He represented Albert County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick from 1897 to 1908 as a Liberal member . He was born in England , was educated in Hertfordshire and later emigrated to New Brunswick . Osman married Laura E. Tomkins . He was the manager of a plaster mill and quarries at Hillsborough . He was first elected in an 1897 by-election held after William James Lewis was elected to the House of Commons of Canada . Osman served as speaker from 1907 to 1908 .'}]}, {'value': 'Hillsborough', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hillsborough,_New_Brunswick', 'summary': 'Hillsborough is a village in Albert County in the Canadian province of New Brunswick . The village is situated on a hill overlooking the Petitcodiac River near the intersection of Route 910 and Route 114 . Hillsborough is the largest settlement in Hillsborough Parish .'}]}, {'value': 'Politics', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1851', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1922', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'George Robert Parkin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_Robert_Parkin', 'summary': 'Sir George Robert Parkin KCMG ( 8 February 1846 - 25 June 1922 ) was a Canadian educator , imperialist , and author .'}]}, {'value': 'Parkindale', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Education', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1846', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1922', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cyrus Wesley Peck', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cyrus_Wesley_Peck', 'summary': 'Cyrus Wesley Peck VC , DSO & Bar ( 26 April 1871 - 27 September 1956 ) was a Canadian recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces . Peck was one of the seven Canadians to be awarded the Victoria Cross for their actions on one single day , 2 September 1918 , for actions across the 30 km long Drocourt-Quéant Line near Arras , France . The other six were Bellenden Hutcheson , Arthur George Knight , William Metcalf , Claude Joseph Patrick Nunney , Walter Leigh Rayfield and John Francis Young .'}]}, {'value': 'Hopewell Hill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hopewell_Hill,_New_Brunswick', 'summary': 'Hopewell Hill is a Canadian rural community in Albert County , New Brunswick . It is most famous for being the birthplace of the Right Honourable Richard Bedford Bennett , 1st Viscount Bennett , PC , KC , LL.B ( July 3 , 1870 - June 26 , 1947 ) , who was the eleventh Prime Minister of Canada from August 7 , 1930 to October 23 , 1935 . Hopewell Hill has a population of almost 200 , and has a store , an auto garage , a teahouse and a restaurant .'}]}, {'value': 'Military', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1871', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1956', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Freddie Prosser', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Freddie_Prosser', 'summary': 'Freddie Prosser ( July 28 , 1938 - July 26 , 1974 ) was a Canadian professional wrestler , better known by his ring name , Freddie Sweetan . He competed in certain North American regional promotions including the National Wrestling Alliance as well as Grand Prix Wrestling , Maple Leaf Wrestling and Stampede Wrestling during the 1960s and 1970s , most notably teaming with Paul Peller as the masked tag team The Butchers .'}]}, {'value': 'Shenstone', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wrestling', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1938', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1974', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'James W. Reid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_W._Reid_(architect)', 'summary': "James William Reid ( 1851-1943 ) was a Canadian-born American architect of the noted San Francisco firm of Reid & Reid . Born in Harvey , New Brunswick to William J. Reid and Lucinda Robinson , James W. Reid went on to graduate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ( MIT ) , and also attended the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris . Reid and brother Merritt J. worked for a time at the architectural firm of Boyd and Brickley in Evansville , Indiana before purchasing the contracts of that firm in 1879 and opening their own practice , Reid Brothers . His most notable work in Evansville was the Willard Library , completed in 1886 , which was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 . Earlier buildings designed by the Reid Brothers firm had been commissioned by banker Aaron Guard Cloud in McLeansboro , Illinois , 60 miles from Evansville . One was a bank , the Cloud State Bank building , which was designed in classic Second Empire French Baroque style ; the other was a private home for the banker , which later became the McCoy Memorial Library in 1921 after having been endowed to the city by Cloud 's daughter , Mary Ellen McCoy . Both of these buildings were added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 . E. S. Babcock , one of the founders of the Coronado Beach Company , was a retired railroad executive from Evansville , Indiana , and had known the brothers there . The Reid Brothers were invited out to San Diego in 1886 to design the Hotel Del Coronado , though Merritt remained behind in Evansville for a time , and their younger brother Watson Elkinah Reid joined James in San Diego to help manage the more than 2,000 mostly Chinese laborers that worked on the project . The 399-room hotel , also known as The Del , first opened in February , 1888 . Upon its opening , The Del was the largest hotel resort in the world , was the first hotel to have electric lighting with 2,500 Mather incandescent electric lamps . The hotel was named a National Historic Landmark in 1977 ."}]}, {'value': 'Harvey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harvey,_New_Brunswick', 'summary': 'Harvey ( 2016 pop . : 358 ) is a village in York County , in the Canadian province of New Brunswick . It is often called Harvey Station . Situated at the southeastern end of Harvey Lake , the village is approximately 35 km southwest of Fredericton . The lake was originally known as Bear Lake , then for a time as Big Cranberry Lake , and finally after 1869 , as Harvey Lake , when the community that eventually would become Harvey Station was established at the intersection of the Great Road and the newly built railway line ( see below ) . The area south of the village includes the Parish of Manners Sutton ( 2011 pop . : 1,806 ) , which was the original Harvey Settlement founded in 1837 .'}]}, {'value': 'Architect', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1851', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1943', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Watson Elkinah Reid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Watson_Elkinah_Reid', 'summary': "Watson Elkinah Reid ( 1858-1944 ) was a Canadian architect , a one time member of the California architectural firm , Reid & Reid . Youngest of three sons who all followed the same profession , he was born in Harvey , Albert County , New Brunswick to William J. Reid and Lucinda Robinson . He studied at Mount Allison University and about 1888 , he joined his brothers James W. and Merritt in California , where he ran their San Diego office , overseeing construction of the massive Hotel del Coronado to his brother 's designs . He returned to Canada in 1899 and had a few commissions there under the auspices of Senator Abner Reid McClelan . These included the Riverside-Albert Consolidated School and the Albert County Court House . In his later years he moved to Vancouver where he died . In 1890 , he married Janie R. Turner of Harvey . They had five children , all born before 1901 ."}]}, {'value': 'Harvey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harvey,_New_Brunswick', 'summary': 'Harvey ( 2016 pop . : 358 ) is a village in York County , in the Canadian province of New Brunswick . It is often called Harvey Station . Situated at the southeastern end of Harvey Lake , the village is approximately 35 km southwest of Fredericton . The lake was originally known as Bear Lake , then for a time as Big Cranberry Lake , and finally after 1869 , as Harvey Lake , when the community that eventually would become Harvey Station was established at the intersection of the Great Road and the newly built railway line ( see below ) . The area south of the village includes the Parish of Manners Sutton ( 2011 pop . : 1,806 ) , which was the original Harvey Settlement founded in 1837 .'}]}, {'value': 'Architect', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1858', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Wayne Steeves', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wayne_Steeves', 'summary': 'O. Wayne Steeves ( born December 12 , 1944 ) is a politician in the province of New Brunswick , Canada . Steeves was born in Lower Coverdale , New Brunswick , the son of Noel Steeves and Vera Downing . A Progressive Conservative , he has been a candidate for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick for the electoral district of Albert in every election since 1991 . Defeated in 1991 and 1995 , Steeves was finally elected in 1999 . He was re-elected in 2003 and joined the cabinet as minister of public safety . He was again re-elected in 2006 but left the cabinet as his party formed the opposition . He retained the seat until the 2014 , when he did not run for re-election and was succeeded by Brian Keirstead .'}]}, {'value': 'Lower Coverdale', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lower_Coverdale,_New_Brunswick', 'summary': 'Lower Coverdale is a settlement in Albert County , New Brunswick . It is located near Riverview , Moncton , and Dieppe .'}]}, {'value': 'Politician', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1944', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'William Steeves', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Steeves', 'summary': 'William Henry Steeves ( May 20 , 1814 - December 9 , 1873 ) was a merchant , lumberman , politician and Father of Canadian Confederation .'}]}, {'value': 'Hillsborough', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hillsborough,_New_Brunswick', 'summary': 'Hillsborough is a village in Albert County in the Canadian province of New Brunswick . The village is situated on a hill overlooking the Petitcodiac River near the intersection of Route 910 and Route 114 . Hillsborough is the largest settlement in Hillsborough Parish .'}]}, {'value': 'Politician', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1814', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1873', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'Amiens France list of notable people from Albert County , New Brunswick . Although not everyone in this list was born in Albert County , they all live or have lived in Albert County and have had significant connections to the communities . This article does not include People from Riverview as they have their own section .', 'uid': 'List_of_people_from_Albert_County,_New_Brunswick_0', 'intro': 'Amiens France list of notable people from Albert County, New Brunswick. Although not everyone in this list was born in Albert County, they all live or have lived in Albert County and have had significant connections to the communities. This article does not include People from Riverview as they have their own section.'}
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What is the name of community known for a political figure whose father was Irish ?
Hillsborough
04d9c10d803a3ba1
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_soccer_clubs_in_Australia', 'title': 'List of soccer clubs in Australia', 'header': ['Club', 'League/Division', 'Lvl', 'State', 'City'], 'data': [{'value': 'Redlands United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Redlands_United_FC', 'summary': 'Redlands United Football Club is an association football club based in Cleveland , Brisbane , Queensland . The club , formed in 1918 , is one of the oldest soccer clubs in Queensland . It re-entered the top tier , Brisbane Premier League ( BPL ) , in 2010 after merging with former Queensland State League ( QSL ) side Redland City Devils . In 2013 Redlands United gained a five-year licence for the new National Premier Leagues ( NPL ) competition which was renewed in 2018 . Redlands United are one of six state league teams to eliminate an A-League team in the FFA Cup , along with Blacktown City FC , Heidelberg United FC , Green Gully SC , Adelaide City FC and the Bentleigh Greens SC .'}]}, {'value': 'National Premier Leagues Queensland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Premier_Leagues_Queensland', 'summary': "The National Premier League Queensland , run by Football Queensland , is the top tier state-level football ( soccer ) competition in Queensland . The conference is a sub division of the National Premier Leagues . The inaugural season kicked off in March 2013 and consisted of 12 teams . Each team will be expected to field a senior team , five junior men 's teams from under-12 to under-20 starting in 2013 and women 's junior teams in under-13 , under-15 , and under-17 starting in 2014 . Each club has been granted a 5-year licence and there is no promotion or relegation from the league during this period . It was announced on December 16 , 2016 that there would be promotion and relegation to the FQPL as of the 2018 season and that the league would be expanded to 14 teams . This announcement came with the addition of the Football Queensland Premier League , a new tier immediately below the National Premier League . Peninsula Power and Eastern Suburbs were the first two teams promoted to the NPL from the FQPL for the 2019 season . No teams were relegated in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Queensland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brisbane', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brisbane', 'summary': "Brisbane ( /ˈbrɪzbən/ ( listen ) ) is the capital of and the most populated city in the Australian state of Queensland , and the third most populous city in Australia . Brisbane 's metropolitan area has a population of approximately 2.5 million , and the South East Queensland metropolitan region , centred on Brisbane , encompasses a population of more than 3.6 million . [ failed verification ] The Brisbane central business district stands on the historic European settlement and is situated inside a peninsula of the Brisbane River , about 15 kilometres ( 9 miles ) from its mouth at Moreton Bay , a bay of the Coral Sea . The metropolitan area extends in all directions along the hilly floodplain of the Brisbane River Valley between Moreton Bay and the Taylor and D'Aguilar mountain ranges . It sprawls across several of Australia 's most populous local government areas ( LGAs ) - most centrally the City of Brisbane , which is by far the most populous LGA in the nation . The demonym of Brisbane is Brisbanite , whilst common nicknames include Brissy , River City and Brisvegas . One of the oldest cities in Australia , Brisbane was founded upon the ancient homelands of the indigenous Turrbal and Jagera peoples . Named after the Brisbane River on which it is located - which in turn takes its name from Sir Thomas Brisbane , the Governor of New South Wales at the time of the city 's founding - the area was chosen as a place for secondary offenders from the Sydney Colony . A penal settlement was founded in 1824 at Redcliffe , 28 kilometres ( 17 mi ) north of the central business district , but was soon abandoned and moved to North Quay in 1825 , opening to free settlement in 1842 . Brisbane was chosen as the capital when Queensland was proclaimed a separate colony from New South Wales in 1859 . During World War II , Brisbane played a central role in the Allied campaign and served as the South West Pacific headquarters for United States Army General Douglas MacArthur . A diverse city with 32.2% of its metropolitan population being foreign born , Brisbane is ranked as a world city , and ranks highly in ratings of livable cities ."}]}, {'value': 'Reservoir Yeti', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Victorian State League Division 5', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victorian_State_League_Division_5', 'summary': 'Victorian State League Division 5 is the seventh level of soccer in Victoria , Australia , and the eighth nationally . The league is split into four geographic conferences - North , West , South and East . The league replaced Provisional League 3 and the Metropolitan League in 2013 following a restructure of the Victorian State League . The winners of each conference are promoted to Victorian State League Division 4 . As the lowest tier in Victorian football system , there is no relegation from the league , however clubs may apply to join .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Victoria', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne', 'summary': "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ."}]}, {'value': 'Richmond', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richmond_SC', 'summary': 'Richmond Soccer Club is an Australian soccer club from Richmond , Victoria , an inner eastern suburb of Melbourne , Australia . Richmond compete in the Victorian State League Division 1 South-East competition , the third tier of football in Victoria , after successive relegations in 2016 and 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'National Premier Leagues Victoria 2', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Premier_Leagues_Victoria_2', 'summary': 'The National Premier Leagues Victoria 2 , commonly referred to as NPL Victoria 2 , is a regional Australian semi-professional soccer league comprising teams from Victoria . The league sits at level 2 on the Victorian league system , behind the National Premier Leagues Victoria , ( level 3 of the overall Australian league system ) . The competition is administered by Football Federation Victoria , the governing body of the sport in the state .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Victoria', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne', 'summary': "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ."}]}, {'value': 'Ringwood City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ringwood_City_SC', 'summary': 'Ringwood City Football Club is an Australian soccer club from Ringwood , a suburb of Melbourne . The club was formed in 1953 , as Wilhelmina by Dutch Australians . The club currently competes in Victorian State League Division 4 East , where it has been since 2014 .'}]}, {'value': 'Victorian State League Division 4', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victorian_State_League_Division_4', 'summary': 'Victorian State League Division 4 is the sixth level of soccer in Victoria , Australia , and the seventh nationally . The league is split into four geographic conferences - North , West , South and East . The league replaced Provisional Leagues 1 and 2 at the end of the 2012 season . The winners of each conference are promoted to Victorian State League Division 3 , while the bottom two placed sides in each conference are relegated to their respective conference in State League 5 .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Victoria', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne', 'summary': "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ."}]}, {'value': 'Riverina Rhinos', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Riverina_Rhinos', 'summary': 'Riverina Rhinos is an Australian association football club based in the city of Griffith , New South Wales . The club was founded in 2014 and as of 2017 competes in the ACT based NPL Capital Football .'}]}, {'value': 'National Premier Leagues Capital Football', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Premier_Leagues_Capital_Football', 'summary': 'The National Premier Leagues Capital Football 1 ( also known as NPL ACT 1 or simply NPL1 ) is an soccer competition contested by clubs affiliated to Capital Football . The league is the highest level ( level 1 ) competition in the Australian Capital Territory ( ACT ) region . It is a subdivision of the National Premier Leagues and sits in Level 2 in the overall Australian league system .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Australian Capital Territory', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Griffith', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Griffith,_New_South_Wales', 'summary': 'Griffith /ˈɡrɪfəθ/ is a major regional city in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area that is located in the north-western part of the Riverina region of New South Wales , known commonly as the food bowl of Australia . It is also the seat of the City of Griffith local government area . Like the Australian capital , Canberra , and the nearby town of Leeton , Griffith was designed by Walter Burley Griffin and Marion Mahony Griffin . Griffith was named after Arthur Hill Griffith , the first New South Wales Minister of Public Works . Griffith was proclaimed a city in 1987 , and had a population of 20,251 in June 2018 . It can be accessed by road from Sydney and Canberra via the Hume Highway and the Burley Griffin Way and from Melbourne , Victoria , via the Newell Highway and either by using the Kidman Way or the Irrigation Way . Griffith can be accessed from other places like Adelaide , Orange , and Bathurst through the Mid-Western Highway and the Rankins Springs road from Rankins Springs and the Kidman Way from Goolgowi .'}]}, {'value': 'Riversdale', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Victorian State League Division 3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victorian_State_League_Division_3', 'summary': "The Victorian State League Division 3 is the fifth tier soccer competition ( behind the National Premier Leagues ) in Victoria , Australia , and the sixth nationally , including the A-League . It is conducted by the Football Federation Victoria , the state 's football governing body ."}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Victoria', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne', 'summary': "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ."}]}, {'value': 'Riverside Olympic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Riverside_Olympic_FC', 'summary': "Riverside Olympic Football Club , is a soccer club which represents Launceston in the Tasmanian Northern Championship . The club also fields 37 teams across all junior divisions . Riverside Olympic play their home games at Windsor Park , in Launceston , Tasmania . Riverside has teams in the Northern Premier League , Premier League Reserves , Under 18 's , Men 's Division One and a Women 's Team . Riverside Olympic were promoted to the Tasmanian State League in 1993 ."}]}, {'value': 'Northern Championship', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northern_Championship', 'summary': "The Northern Championship is an association football ( soccer ) league in Northern Tasmania . Nationally it sits under the A-League and NPL Tasmania , equal to the Southern Championship . It is controlled by the Football Federation Tasmania ( FFT ) , the state 's governing body . Prior to the 2015 season it was known as the Northern Premier League and for sponsorship reasons as the Forestry Tasmania Northern Premier League . Between 2001 and 2012 the Southern and Northern Premier Leagues were the state 's highest level of soccer competition . In this period the top four teams from the Northern Premier League and the top four teams from the Southern Premier League play-off in a knock-out final series to decide the state champion . This system came into existence in 2009 and replaced the previous system whereby the Northern and Southern champions played off . The Northern Championship is determined by the team finishing top of the ladder being named league champion , in contrast to many Australian competitions which use a finals series . There is no promotion or relegation in the Northern Championship ."}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tasmania', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Launceston', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Launceston,_Tasmania', 'summary': "Launceston ( /ˈlɒnsɛstən/ ( listen ) or /ˈlɔːnsɛstən/ ( listen ) ) is a city in the north of Tasmania , Australia , at the junction of the North Esk and South Esk rivers where they become the Tamar River ( kanamaluka ) . With a population of 87,328 , Launceston is the second most populous city in Tasmania after the state capital , Hobart , and the twelfth-largest non-capital city in Australia . Settled by Europeans in March 1806 , Launceston is one of Australia 's oldest cities and it has many historic buildings . Like many places in Australia , it was named after a town in the United Kingdom - in this case , Launceston , Cornwall . Launceston also had the first use of anaesthetic in the Southern Hemisphere , it was the first Australian city to have underground sewers , and it was the first Australian city to be lit by hydroelectricity . The city has a temperate climate with four distinct seasons . Local government is split between the City of Launceston and the Meander Valley and West Tamar Councils ."}]}, {'value': 'RMIT FC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Victorian State League Division 4', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victorian_State_League_Division_4', 'summary': 'Victorian State League Division 4 is the sixth level of soccer in Victoria , Australia , and the seventh nationally . The league is split into four geographic conferences - North , West , South and East . The league replaced Provisional Leagues 1 and 2 at the end of the 2012 season . The winners of each conference are promoted to Victorian State League Division 3 , while the bottom two placed sides in each conference are relegated to their respective conference in State League 5 .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Victoria', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne', 'summary': "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ."}]}, {'value': 'Rochedale Rovers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rochedale_Rovers_FC', 'summary': 'Rochedale Rovers are a semi-professional football club that play at Underwood Park in Priestdale , next to Rochedale South in Queensland , Australia . Rochedale Rovers FC compete in the Football Queensland Premier League in Queensland , Australia .'}]}, {'value': 'Football Queensland Premier League', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Football_Queensland_Premier_League', 'summary': 'The Football Queensland Premier League is a football competition contested by clubs in Queensland , Australia . It is administered by Football Queensland and is the second tier of soccer in Queensland , behind the National Premier Leagues Queensland , to which the top two teams each season are promoted . The Premier League was founded in 2017 , with the first season held in 2018 ; previously there was no second-tier statewide competition .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Queensland', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brisbane', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brisbane', 'summary': "Brisbane ( /ˈbrɪzbən/ ( listen ) ) is the capital of and the most populated city in the Australian state of Queensland , and the third most populous city in Australia . Brisbane 's metropolitan area has a population of approximately 2.5 million , and the South East Queensland metropolitan region , centred on Brisbane , encompasses a population of more than 3.6 million . [ failed verification ] The Brisbane central business district stands on the historic European settlement and is situated inside a peninsula of the Brisbane River , about 15 kilometres ( 9 miles ) from its mouth at Moreton Bay , a bay of the Coral Sea . The metropolitan area extends in all directions along the hilly floodplain of the Brisbane River Valley between Moreton Bay and the Taylor and D'Aguilar mountain ranges . It sprawls across several of Australia 's most populous local government areas ( LGAs ) - most centrally the City of Brisbane , which is by far the most populous LGA in the nation . The demonym of Brisbane is Brisbanite , whilst common nicknames include Brissy , River City and Brisvegas . One of the oldest cities in Australia , Brisbane was founded upon the ancient homelands of the indigenous Turrbal and Jagera peoples . Named after the Brisbane River on which it is located - which in turn takes its name from Sir Thomas Brisbane , the Governor of New South Wales at the time of the city 's founding - the area was chosen as a place for secondary offenders from the Sydney Colony . A penal settlement was founded in 1824 at Redcliffe , 28 kilometres ( 17 mi ) north of the central business district , but was soon abandoned and moved to North Quay in 1825 , opening to free settlement in 1842 . Brisbane was chosen as the capital when Queensland was proclaimed a separate colony from New South Wales in 1859 . During World War II , Brisbane played a central role in the Allied campaign and served as the South West Pacific headquarters for United States Army General Douglas MacArthur . A diverse city with 32.2% of its metropolitan population being foreign born , Brisbane is ranked as a world city , and ranks highly in ratings of livable cities ."}]}, {'value': 'Rockdale City Suns', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rockdale_City_Suns_FC', 'summary': "Rockdale Ilinden Football Club ( commonly known as the Rockdale City Suns Football Club ) , founded in 1969 , is an Australian soccer club based in Sydney suburb of Rockdale and competes in the highest men 's competition in New South Wales , the NSW Premier League . The Club 's home ground is Bicentennial Park South , located in the suburb of Rockdale , New South Wales ."}]}, {'value': 'National Premier Leagues NSW', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Premier_Leagues_NSW', 'summary': 'The National Premier Leagues NSW are semi-professional soccer competitions in New South Wales , Australia . The competition is conducted by Football NSW , the organising body in New South Wales ( the other being the National Premier Leagues Northern NSW organised by Northern NSW Football ) . The league is a subdivision of the second tier National Premier Leagues ( NPL ) , which sits below the national A-League . Prior to becoming a subdivision of the NPL in 2013 , the league was previously known as the NSW Premier League . As of 2012 , all matches have been filmed and a weekly highlights package has been made available online , while the Grand Final has been streamed live through Football NSW since 2013 .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New South Wales', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sydney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney', 'summary': "Sydney ( /ˈsɪdni/ ( listen ) SID-nee ) is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Located on Australia 's east coast , the metropolis surrounds Port Jackson and extends about 70 km ( 43.5 mi ) on its periphery towards the Blue Mountains to the west , Hawkesbury to the north , the Royal National Park to the south and Macarthur to the south-west . Sydney is made up of 658 suburbs , 40 local government areas and 15 contiguous regions . Residents of the city are known as Sydneysiders . As of June 2017 , Sydney 's estimated metropolitan population was 5,230,330 and is home to approximately 65% of the state 's population . Indigenous Australians have inhabited the Sydney area for at least 30,000 years , and thousands of engravings remain throughout the region , making it one of the richest in Australia in terms of Aboriginal archaeological sites . During his first Pacific voyage in 1770 , Lieutenant James Cook and his crew became the first Europeans to chart the eastern coast of Australia , making landfall at Botany Bay and inspiring British interest in the area . In 1788 , the First Fleet of convicts , led by Arthur Phillip , founded Sydney as a British penal colony , the first European settlement in Australia . Phillip named the city Sydney in recognition of Thomas Townshend , 1st Viscount Sydney . Penal transportation to New South Wales ended soon after Sydney was incorporated as a city in 1842 . A gold rush occurred in the colony in 1851 , and over the next century , Sydney transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural and economic centre . After World War II , it experienced mass migration and became one of the most multicultural cities in the world ."}]}, {'value': 'Rockingham City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rockingham_City_FC', 'summary': "Rockingham City FC is an association football club based in Rockingham , Western Australia established in 1970 , and with their home field at the Lark Hill Sports Complex in 2008 . Rockingham City also hosts junior teams starting at Under 6 's and women teams . The youth squads all compete in the WA NPL . The club was promoted to the National Premier Leagues WA for the 2019 season ."}]}, {'value': 'Football West State League Division 1', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Football_West_State_League_Division_1', 'summary': 'The Football West State League Division 1 is a regional Australian semi-professional association football league comprising teams from Western Australia . The league sits at Level 2 on the Western Australian league system ( Level 3 of the overall Australian league system ) . The competition is administered by Football West , the governing body of the sport in the state . The league has been officially called the All Flags State League Division 1 due to sponsorship arrangements since 2011 .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Western Australia', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rockingham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rockingham,_Western_Australia', 'summary': "Rockingham is a city and primary centre in Western Australia south-west of the Perth city centre and south of Fremantle . It has a beachside location at Mangles Bay , the southern extremity of Cockburn Sound . To its north stretches the maritime and resource-industry installations of Kwinana and Henderson . Offshore to the north-west is Australia 's largest naval fleet and submarine base , Garden Island , connected to the mainland by an all-weather causeway . To the west and south lies the Shoalwater Islands Marine Park ."}]}, {'value': 'Rosebud Heart', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Victorian State League Division 4', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victorian_State_League_Division_4', 'summary': 'Victorian State League Division 4 is the sixth level of soccer in Victoria , Australia , and the seventh nationally . The league is split into four geographic conferences - North , West , South and East . The league replaced Provisional Leagues 1 and 2 at the end of the 2012 season . The winners of each conference are promoted to Victorian State League Division 3 , while the bottom two placed sides in each conference are relegated to their respective conference in State League 5 .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Victoria', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rye', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rye,_Victoria', 'summary': 'Rye is a seaside resort town , approximately 95 km south of Melbourne , Victoria , Australia , on the Mornington Peninsula . Its bay beach is popular with swimmers , fishermen , yachtsmen , and kitesurfers . Its ocean beach ( which is not patrolled ) is also popular with surfers . Its local government area is the Shire of Mornington Peninsula .'}]}, {'value': 'Rowville Eagles', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Victorian State League Division 5', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Victorian_State_League_Division_5', 'summary': 'Victorian State League Division 5 is the seventh level of soccer in Victoria , Australia , and the eighth nationally . The league is split into four geographic conferences - North , West , South and East . The league replaced Provisional League 3 and the Metropolitan League in 2013 following a restructure of the Victorian State League . The winners of each conference are promoted to Victorian State League Division 4 . As the lowest tier in Victorian football system , there is no relegation from the league , however clubs may apply to join .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Victoria', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Melbourne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melbourne', 'summary': "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ."}]}, {'value': 'Rydalmere Lions', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rydalmere_Lions_FC', 'summary': "Rydalmere Lions FC are a football ( soccer ) club , from the suburb of Rydalmere in the city of Parramatta . The club is also known as Rydalmere Football Club and Rydalmere FC and was founded in 1979 . The Men 's team currently plays in the New South Wales National Premier League 3 ( NSW NPL3 ) competition , the second tier of football in New South Wales and the third tier in Australia when including the national competition , the A-League . They gained promotion to NSW NPL2 after finishing as premiers of the 2017 NSW NPL3 ."}]}, {'value': 'National Premier Leagues NSW 3', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/National_Premier_Leagues_NSW_3', 'summary': 'The NSW NPL3 is a regional Australian semi-professional association football league comprising teams from New South Wales . The league sits at Level 3 on the New South Wales league system ( Level 4 of the overall Australian league system ) . The competition is administered by Football NSW , the governing body of the sport in the southern region of the state ( the northern region governed by Northern NSW Football ) . At the conclusion of the 2015 season it was announced that the State League 1 would become the NPL3'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'New South Wales', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sydney', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sydney', 'summary': "Sydney ( /ˈsɪdni/ ( listen ) SID-nee ) is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Located on Australia 's east coast , the metropolis surrounds Port Jackson and extends about 70 km ( 43.5 mi ) on its periphery towards the Blue Mountains to the west , Hawkesbury to the north , the Royal National Park to the south and Macarthur to the south-west . Sydney is made up of 658 suburbs , 40 local government areas and 15 contiguous regions . Residents of the city are known as Sydneysiders . As of June 2017 , Sydney 's estimated metropolitan population was 5,230,330 and is home to approximately 65% of the state 's population . Indigenous Australians have inhabited the Sydney area for at least 30,000 years , and thousands of engravings remain throughout the region , making it one of the richest in Australia in terms of Aboriginal archaeological sites . During his first Pacific voyage in 1770 , Lieutenant James Cook and his crew became the first Europeans to chart the eastern coast of Australia , making landfall at Botany Bay and inspiring British interest in the area . In 1788 , the First Fleet of convicts , led by Arthur Phillip , founded Sydney as a British penal colony , the first European settlement in Australia . Phillip named the city Sydney in recognition of Thomas Townshend , 1st Viscount Sydney . Penal transportation to New South Wales ended soon after Sydney was incorporated as a city in 1842 . A gold rush occurred in the colony in 1851 , and over the next century , Sydney transformed from a colonial outpost into a major global cultural and economic centre . After World War II , it experienced mass migration and became one of the most multicultural cities in the world ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Alphabetically -- R', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_soccer_clubs_in_Australia_17', 'intro': 'This is a list of soccer clubs in Australia. The Australian soccer league system consists of a national league - A-League (men) and W-League (women) - a state/territory-based second tier National Premier Leagues (NPL) structure and other state-based leagues. Promotion and relegation exists in some states between NPL and state leagues, however not between the A-League and the NPL. Included are all clubs playing in state (or territory)-wide leagues, or where states are split into two separate leagues.'}
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What state is the club who gained promotion to NSW NPL2 after finishing as premiers of the 2017 NSW NPL3 ?
New South Wales
04d9c5d9f0bd6b5c
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midland_Football_Alliance', 'title': 'Midland Football Alliance', 'header': ['Club', 'Years', 'No'], 'data': [{'value': 'Gornal Athletic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gornal_Athletic_F.C.', 'summary': 'Gornal Athletic Football Club is a football club based in Lower Gornal , Dudley , in the West Midlands county in England . They are currently members of the West Midlands ( Regional ) League Division One and play at the Garden Walk Stadium .'}]}, {'value': '2012-14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gresley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gresley_F.C.', 'summary': 'Gresley Football Club are an English football club from Church Gresley , near Swadlincote , Derbyshire . Gresley play in the Midland League Premier Division , playing their home games at the Moat Ground . They were known as Gresley Rovers until 2009 , when they were reformed under their current name . Keith Mole was a runner up for the 1980s ballon dor behind Karl-Heinze Rummenigge of West-Germany .'}]}, {'value': '2011-12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Grosvenor Park', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002-04', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Halesowen Harriers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Halesowen_Harriers_F.C.', 'summary': 'Halesowen Harriers F.C . was an English association football club based in Halesowen . The club played in the West Midlands ( Regional ) League from 1984 until 1994 and the Midland Football Alliance from 1994 until financial problems led to the club closing down in 2003 .'}]}, {'value': '1994-2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Heath Hayes', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heath_Hayes_F.C.', 'summary': 'Heath Hayes Football Club is a football club based in Heath Hayes near Cannock , Staffordshire , England . They are currently members of the Midland League Division One and play at the Coppice Colliery Ground .'}]}, {'value': '2010-14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Heather St Johns', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heather_St_Johns_F.C.', 'summary': "Heather St John 's Football Club is a football club based in the village of Heather , Leicestershire , England . They are currently members of the Midland League Premier Division and play at St John 's Park ."}]}, {'value': '2011-14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Highgate United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Highgate_United_F.C.', 'summary': 'Highgate United Football Club is a football based in the Shirley district of Solihull , having relocated from their original location of Highgate in Birmingham . They are currently members of the Midland League Premier Division and play at the Coppice .'}]}, {'value': '2008-14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hinckley Athletic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hinckley_Athletic_F.C.', 'summary': 'Hinckley Athletic F.C . was an English association football club based in Hinckley , England .'}]}, {'value': '1994-97', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kings Norton Town', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kings_Norton_Town_F.C.', 'summary': 'Kings Norton Town F.C . was an English association football club based in Kings Norton , Birmingham . They entered the Midland Combination in 1991 and quickly rose up the leagues during the mid-1990s , reaching the Midland Alliance by 1997 . After entering the FA Cup for the first time in 1999 , the club folded in 2000 .'}]}, {'value': '1997-2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kirby Muxloe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kirby_Muxloe_F.C.', 'summary': 'Kirby Muxloe Football Club is a football club based in Kirby Muxloe , Leicestershire , England . They are currently members of the Midland League Division One and play at Ratby Lane .'}]}, {'value': '2009-14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Leamington', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leamington_F.C.', 'summary': "Leamington Football Club is a football club based in Leamington Spa , Warwickshire , England . They are currently members of the National League North , the sixth tier of English football , and play at the New Windmill Ground near Bishop 's Tachbrook ."}]}, {'value': '2005-07', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Loughborough Dynamo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Loughborough_Dynamo_F.C.', 'summary': 'Loughborough Dynamo Football Club is a football club based in Loughborough , Leicestershire , England . They are currently members of the Northern Premier League Division One South East and play at the Nanpantan Sports Ground .'}]}, {'value': '2004-08', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Loughborough University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Loughborough_University_F.C.', 'summary': 'Loughborough University Football Club ( also known as Loughborough Students Football Club ) is an English football club representing Loughborough University , based in Loughborough , Leicestershire . The club are currently members of the United Counties League Premier Division and play at the Loughborough University Stadium .'}]}, {'value': '2009-14', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ludlow Town', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ludlow_Town_F.C.', 'summary': 'Ludlow Town F.C . was a football club based in Ludlow , Shropshire , England .'}]}, {'value': '2001-05', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Malvern Town', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Malvern_Town_F.C.', 'summary': 'Malvern Town Football Club is a football club based in Malvern , Worcestershire , England . They are currently members of the Hellenic League Division One West and play at the Langland Stadium .'}]}, {'value': '2004-06 2009-11', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Market Drayton Town', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Market_Drayton_Town_F.C.', 'summary': 'Market Drayton Town Football Club is a football club based in Market Drayton , Shropshire , England . They are currently members of the Northern Premier League Division One South East and play at the Greenfields Sports Ground .'}]}, {'value': '2006-09', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oadby Town', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oadby_Town_F.C.', 'summary': 'Oadby Town Football Club is an association football club based in Oadby , Leicestershire . The club plays in the United Counties League Premier Division .'}]}, {'value': '1999-2011', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oldbury United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oldbury_United_F.C.', 'summary': 'Oldbury United Football Club is a football club representing Oldbury , West Midlands , England .'}]}, {'value': '1994-2009', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paget Rangers', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paget_Rangers_F.C.', 'summary': 'Paget Rangers F.C . is an English football club based in Sutton Coldfield , Birmingham , currently playing in the Midland League Division One .'}]}, {'value': '1994-95 2001-02', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pelsall Villa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pelsall_Villa_F.C.', 'summary': 'Pelsall Villa F.C . are a football club based in the village of Pelsall , near Walsall , West Midlands , England . The team kit consists of black and red striped shirts , black shorts and black socks .'}]}, {'value': '1996-2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Midland_Football_Alliance_1', 'intro': 'The Midland Football Alliance was an English association football league for semi-professional teams. It covered Leicestershire, Shropshire, Staffordshire, Warwickshire, West Midlands, Worcestershire and also southern parts of Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire. The league consisted of a single division which sat at Step 5 of the National League System, or the ninth level of the overall English football league system. The league was formed in 1994, drawing its initial membership from the strongest clubs in the Midland Football Combination and the West Midlands (Regional) League, both of which became feeder leagues to the new competition. Each season, the champion club of each feeder league was eligible for promotion to the Alliance, and Alliance clubs could in turn be relegated to the feeder leagues. Successful teams in the Alliance were eligible for promotion to a Step 4 league, either the Southern League or Northern Premier League depending on geographical considerations. The league merged with the Midland Combination in 2014 to form the new Midland Football League.'}
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In what district is the team who were members of the Midland Football Alliance from 2008 - 2014 located ?
Shirley
04da748aba00e35b
hybridqa
{'url': "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald's_All-American_Game", 'title': "McDonald's All-American Game", 'header': ['Year', 'Dunk Contest', '3-Point Contest'], 'data': [{'value': '1985', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Michael Porter', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jerome Harmon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jerome_Harmon_(basketball)', 'summary': 'Jerome Harmon ( born February 6 , 1969 in Gary , Indiana ) is a retired professional basketball shooting guard who spent one season in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) as a member of the Philadelphia 76ers . He attended the University of Louisville .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Matt Steigenga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Matt_Steigenga', 'summary': "Matthew Todd Steigenga ( born March 27 , 1970 ) is a retired American professional basketball player . He was a 6 ' 7 , 220-40 lbs . power forward who most notably played a part of one season with the Chicago Bulls and a season in the Liga ACB ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'James Robinson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Robinson_(basketball)', 'summary': 'James Hollywood Robinson ( born August 31 , 1970 ) is a former American professional basketball player , most notably in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . Robinson , an undersized 6 ft 2 in ( 1.88 m ) shooting guard , attended the University of Alabama before being selected with the 21st overall pick in the 1993 NBA draft by the Portland Trail Blazers .'}]}, {'value': 'Pat Graham', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Darrin Hancock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Darrin_Hancock', 'summary': "Darrin Hancock ( born November 3 , 1971 ) is a retired American professional basketball player . In high school and college he was known for his strong offense , while his quick and agile moves to the basket drew comparisons to the likes of Dominique Wilkins . A Parade Magazine and McDonald 's All-American standout at Griffin High School ( Griffin , GA ) , Hancock was ranked among the country 's best high school basketball players in the late 1980s . He played his first two college seasons at Garden City Community College , where he was considered one of the top junior college recruits in the nation before transferring to the University of Kansas . There he was the starting small forward on the Kansas Jayhawks ' Final Four-bound squad in the 1993 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament . Hancock left college after his junior year to play professional basketball and eventually found success in United States semi-pro basketball leagues after several uneventful stints in the NBA . He is considered to be among the best all-time Georgia high school basketball players in the state 's history ."}]}, {'value': 'Adrian Autry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Adrian_Autry', 'summary': "Adrian Red Christopher Autry ( born February 28 , 1972 ) is a retired American basketball player and current assistant coach for Syracuse University men 's basketball team . A former point guard for the Orange , Autry played from 1990-1994 and is currently ranked fifth in career assist ( 631 ) and sixth in career steals ( 217 ) . After leaving Syracuse , Autry played professionally from 1995-2005 for Besiktas Istanbul , SSV Ulm 1846 , Long Island Surf , Sicc BPA Jesi , Paf Bologna , Fabriano Basket , Mabo Livorno , Brooklyn Kings , SLUC Nancy Basket , Brandt Hagen , Lokomotiv Novosibirsk , Verviers-Pepinster , and Deichman Śląsk Wrocław . Autry also played for the USBL . After a 10-year career , Autry retired in 2005 and returned to the states to begin his career as a coach ."}]}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jimmy King', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jimmy_King', 'summary': "Jimmy Hal King ( born August 9 , 1973 ) is an American retired professional basketball player . King played in the NBA and other leagues . He is most famous for his time spent on the famed University of Michigan Wolverines Fab Five along with Ray Jackson , Juwan Howard , Chris Webber , and Jalen Rose , who reached the 1992 and 1993 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Championship games as freshmen and sophomores . He played all four years at Michigan and averaged 15 points per game as a senior in 1995 ."}]}, {'value': 'Sharone Wright', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sharone_Wright', 'summary': "Sharone Addaryl Wright ( born January 30 , 1973 ) is a retired American professional basketball player . Born in Macon , Georgia , he played collegiately at Clemson University from 1990 until 1994 . Wright was selected 6th overall in the 1994 NBA draft by the Philadelphia 76ers . He played four NBA seasons with the 76ers and Toronto Raptors . His best year as a professional came during his rookie season with the 76ers when he appeared in 79 games and averaged 11.4 points and 6 rebounds per game . He was named to the NBA All-Rookie Second Team . While still a member of the Raptors , Wright 's NBA career was cut short by a car accident in Macon , Georgia in which he suffered multiple injuries , including broken arms and collarbone . In 203 career games , he averaged 9.7 points ( from .456 FG and .618 FT ) , 5.0 rebounds and 1.6 blocks in 22.3 minutes per game . He also played professionally in Spain , Poland , South Korea as well as in the Netherlands with the EiffelTowers , where he won the Dutch title as a player and also the Dutch cup . He also won the game against Real Madrid Wright later became a coach for HOOP-CAMPS in Europe ."}]}, {'value': '1992', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carlos Strong', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chris Collins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Collins_(basketball)', 'summary': "Christopher Ryan Collins ( born April 19 , 1974 ) is an American basketball player and coach from Northbrook , Illinois . He is currently the head men 's coach at Northwestern University . Collins previously served as associate head coach of the Duke University men 's basketball team and is the son of National Basketball Association ( NBA ) player , coach , and commentator Doug Collins ."}]}, {'value': '1993', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jerry Stackhouse', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jerry_Stackhouse', 'summary': 'Jerry Darnell Stackhouse ( born November 5 , 1974 ) is an American basketball coach and retired professional basketball player . He is currently the head coach of the Vanderbilt Commodores , and he played 18 seasons in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He formerly was the head coach of Raptors 905 and an assistant coach for the Toronto Raptors and Memphis Grizzlies . Additionally , he has worked as an NBA TV analyst . Stackhouse played college basketball at North Carolina .'}]}, {'value': 'Chris Kingsbury', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Kingsbury', 'summary': 'Christopher J. Kingsbury ( born September 18 , 1974 ) is an American former professional basketball player . A shooting guard who was known for his long range 3-point shooting , he was one of the top ranked players in the 1993 high school class . He played 3 years of college basketball with the Iowa Hawkeyes , and left after his junior year to declare for the 1996 NBA Draft . After going undrafted he played in the CBA , the IBL and in Italy before retiring from professional basketball in 2001 .'}]}, {'value': '1994', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ricky Price', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ricky_Price', 'summary': 'Ricky Earl Price ( born September 16 , 1987 ) is a former American football safety . He was signed by the Chiefs as an undrafted free agent in 2009 and played for the Chiefs in the 2009 and 2010 season . He played college football at Oklahoma State .'}]}, {'value': 'Trajan Langdon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trajan_Langdon', 'summary': 'Trajan Shaka Langdon ( born May 13 , 1976 ) is an American basketball executive and former professional player . He is the current general manager of the New Orleans Pelicans of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . A 6 ft 4 in ( 1.93 m ) and 211 lb ( 96 kg ) shooting guard , he first gained fame in the U.S. while playing college basketball at Duke University . Following a three-year NBA stint , Langdon had a very successful career in Europe . A three-time All-EuroLeague Team member and the EuroLeague Final Four MVP in 2008 , he won two EuroLeague titles with CSKA Moscow in 2006 and 2008 . In March 2016 , he was named the assistant general manager of the Brooklyn Nets , serving in the role until May 2019 , when he was named the general manager of the Pelicans .'}]}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vince Carter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vince_Carter', 'summary': "Vincent Lamar Carter Jr. ( born January 26 , 1977 ) is an American professional basketball player for the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He is 6 feet 6 inches ( 1.98 m ) tall and plays both shooting guard and small forward but occasionally has played power forward during the latter part of his career . Carter is the only player in NBA history to play 22 seasons ; the only player to play in four different decades ( 1990s , 2000s , 2010s , and 2020s ) ; and , at 43 years old , he is the oldest active NBA player , and the last one that was born in the 1970s . Carter is widely regarded as one of the greatest dunkers of all time . A high school McDonald 's All-American , Carter played college basketball for three years with the North Carolina Tar Heels and twice advanced to the Final Four of the NCAA Tournament . He was selected with the fifth overall pick in the 1998 NBA draft by the Golden State Warriors , who traded him to the Toronto Raptors . Carter emerged as a star in Toronto . He won the 1999 NBA Rookie of the Year Award and won the Slam Dunk Contest at the 2000 NBA All-Star Weekend . That summer , he represented the United States in the Summer Olympics , winning a gold medal . He entertained crowds with his leaping ability and slam dunks , earning nicknames such as Vinsanity , Air Canada , and Half-Man , Half-Amazing . In December 2004 , Carter was traded to the New Jersey Nets , where he continued to put up big numbers . Carter has also played for the Orlando Magic , Phoenix Suns , Dallas Mavericks , Memphis Grizzlies , Sacramento Kings , and Atlanta Hawks ."}]}, {'value': 'Louis Bullock', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louis_Bullock', 'summary': "Louis Lou Bullock , Jr. ( born May 20 , 1976 ) is an American former professional basketball player . Although his records have officially been vacated , due to the University of Michigan basketball scandal , his vacated records are unsurpassed for most single-season three-point field goals and career free throws in Michigan Wolverines men 's basketball . In 2011 , Jon Diebler surpassed his career three point total , for the Big Ten Conference record ."}]}, {'value': '1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lester Earl', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nate James', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nate_James_(basketball)', 'summary': 'Nate James ( born August 7 , 1977 ) is a retired American basketball player and a current associate head coach at Duke University .'}]}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Baron Davis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baron_Davis', 'summary': 'Baron Walter Louis Davis ( born April 13 , 1979 ) is an American former professional basketball player who is a studio analyst for The NBA on TNT . He is a two-time NBA All-Star . He was drafted with the third overall pick in the 1999 NBA draft by the Charlotte Hornets . He also played in the NBA for the New Orleans Hornets , Golden State Warriors , Los Angeles Clippers , Cleveland Cavaliers and New York Knicks . Davis played college basketball for UCLA , where he was an All-American honoree before turning professional after his sophomore year . He was a star high school player while at Crossroads School .'}]}, {'value': 'Shane Battier', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shane_Battier', 'summary': "Shane Courtney Battier ( born September 9 , 1978 ) is an American former professional basketball player who played for various teams of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He has also been a member of the U.S. national basketball team . Battier was born and raised in Birmingham , Michigan , and attended Detroit Country Day School in nearby Beverly Hills , where he won many awards including the 1997 Mr. Basketball award . He went on to play four years of college basketball at Duke , where he captured the 2001 National Championship and swept the major National Player of the Year awards . Battier was selected with the sixth overall pick of the 2001 NBA draft by the Vancouver Grizzlies ( who soon became the Memphis Grizzlies ) . He was traded five years later to the Houston Rockets , and was then traded back to the Memphis Grizzlies during the 2010-2011 NBA season . He signed with the Miami Heat in 2011 . His number has been retired by both Detroit Country Day School and Duke University . He has been recognized for his aggressive defense and has routinely guarded the league 's most dangerous offensive players . He is the only basketball player to have ever won both the Naismith Prep Player of the Year Award ( 1997 ) and the Naismith College Player of the Year ( 2001 ) . Battier won two NBA championships with the Miami Heat in 2012 and 2013 ."}]}, {'value': '1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ronald Curry', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ronald_Curry', 'summary': 'Ronald Antonio Curry ( born May 28 , 1979 ) is a former American football wide receiver and current wide receivers coach with the New Orleans Saints . He was drafted by the Oakland Raiders in the seventh round of the 2002 NFL Draft after playing college football at North Carolina . Curry was also briefly a member of the Detroit Lions and St. Louis Rams .'}]}, {'value': 'Teddy Dupay', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Donnell Harvey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Donnell_Harvey', 'summary': "Donnell Eugene Harvey ( born August 26 , 1980 ) is an American retired professional basketball player . He previously played in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) for the New Jersey Nets , Denver Nuggets , Dallas Mavericks , Orlando Magic , and Phoenix Suns . Harvey was born in Shellman , Georgia . He attended Randolph-Clay High School in Cuthbert , Georgia where he was the consensus 1999 national high school player of the year . In 1999 , he was in the McDonald 's All-America Game , was in the USA Today All-USA 1st Team in 1999 , and got the Naismith Award as nation 's top high school player in 1999 . Harvey accepted an athletic scholarship to attend the University of Florida in Gainesville , Florida , where he played for coach Billy Donovan 's Florida Gators men 's basketball team during the 1999-2000 season . After starting three-fourths of the Gators ' first 12 games , he lost his starting spot to Brent Wright after returning home over the New Year 's break because of homesickness . Harvey averaged 10.2 points , 7.0 rebounds and 1.0 assists per game and was voted to the SEC All-Freshman Team in his only season playing college basketball . Harvey was selected by the New York Knicks with the 22nd overall pick of the 2000 NBA Draft and then traded , along with John Wallace , to the Mavericks in exchange for Erick Strickland and Pete Mickeal . He was in Dallas until he was traded to the Denver Nuggets in February 2002 . Harvey then latched on to the Orlando Magic in September 2003 , only to be traded to the Phoenix Suns in December 2003 . He was signed then waived by the Atlanta Hawks in October 2004 ."}]}, {'value': 'Jason Kapono', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jason_Kapono', 'summary': "Jason Alan Kapono ( born February 4 , 1981 ) is an American former professional basketball player . He was the first National Basketball Association ( NBA ) player to lead the league in three-point field goal percentage in two consecutive seasons , and he also won the Three-Point Shootout twice ( 2007 , 2008 ) . He won an NBA championship with the Miami Heat in 2006 . Kapono played college basketball for the UCLA Bruins . He was the first player in the school 's history to earn first-team All-Pac-10 honors for four years and was also the first UCLA player to lead the team in scoring four straight years . Kapono began his NBA career with the Cleveland Cavaliers , who drafted him in the second round of the 2003 NBA Draft . He later played in the NBA for the Charlotte Bobcats , Miami , Toronto Raptors , Philadelphia 76ers , and the Los Angeles Lakers before joining Panathinaikos B.C . in Greece ."}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'DeShawn Stevenson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DeShawn_Stevenson', 'summary': 'DeShawn Stevenson ( born April 3 , 1981 ) is an American former professional basketball player . Stevenson played for six teams in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) during a 13-year career . He originally committed to play at the University of Kansas , but decided to enter the NBA directly from high school and was picked by the Utah Jazz with the 23rd selection of the 2000 NBA draft . Stevenson is known for his defense and his athleticism . He was a member of the Dallas Mavericks team that won an NBA championship in 2011 . In 2017 , Stevenson joined Power , one of the eight BIG3 basketball league teams .'}]}, {'value': 'Chris Duhon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Chris_Duhon', 'summary': "Christopher Nicholas Duhon ( born August 31 , 1982 ) is an American former professional basketball player . Duhon was a point guard for the Duke Blue Devils men 's basketball team from 2000 to 2004 . He then played for the Chicago Bulls , New York Knicks , Orlando Magic and Los Angeles Lakers ."}]}, {'value': '2001', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'David Lee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_Lee_(basketball)', 'summary': 'David Lee ( born April 29 , 1983 ) is an American former professional basketball player . He played college basketball for the Florida Gators before he was drafted 30th overall by the New York Knicks in the 2005 NBA draft . In the 2009-10 season , Lee received his first All-Star selection with the Knicks . In the 2010 offseason , Lee was signed and traded to the Golden State Warriors . With the Warriors , Lee received a second All-Star selection , became an All-NBA Team member , and won an NBA championship in 2015 in his fifth and final season with the team . After short stints with three other NBA teams and becoming a free agent in June 2017 , Lee retired in November 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Mo Williams', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mo_Williams', 'summary': "Maurice Williams ( born December 19 , 1982 ) is an American former professional basketball player who played 13 seasons in the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . After a successful high school career at Murrah High School , Williams attended college at the University of Alabama , where he led his team as a freshman to a 27-8 record , and also shared an SEC regular-season championship . After two seasons at Alabama , Williams entered the 2003 NBA draft where he was selected with the 47th overall pick by the Utah Jazz . Throughout his career , he has also played for the Milwaukee Bucks , Los Angeles Clippers , Portland Trail Blazers , Minnesota Timberwolves , Charlotte Hornets and Cleveland Cavaliers . In 2009 , Williams was selected as an NBA All-Star . In 2016 , he won his first NBA championship with the Cavaliers . In May 2018 , he became an assistant coach for the Cal State Northridge Matadors men 's basketball team ."}]}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Carmelo Anthony', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carmelo_Anthony', 'summary': "Carmelo Kyam Anthony ( born May 29 , 1984 ) is an American professional basketball player for the Portland Trail Blazers of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He has been named an NBA All-Star ten times and an All-NBA Team member six times . He played college basketball for the Syracuse Orange , winning a national championship as a freshman in 2003 while being named the NCAA Tournament 's Most Outstanding Player . After one season at Syracuse , Anthony entered the 2003 NBA draft and was selected with the third overall pick by the Denver Nuggets . While playing for Denver , he led the Nuggets to the playoffs every year from 2004 to 2010 ; the team won two division titles in that span . In 2009 , Anthony led the Nuggets to their first Conference Finals appearance since 1985 . In 2011 , he was traded from Denver to the New York Knicks days before the NBA trade deadline . In a January 24 , 2014 game against the Charlotte Bobcats , Anthony scored a career-high 62 points , setting a Knicks ' single-game scoring record and a Madison Square Garden single-game scoring record . Anthony was traded to the Oklahoma City Thunder , where he played one season before signing with the Rockets . Anthony has played in the Olympics for the US national team a record four times , winning a bronze medal with the 2004 squad and gold medals on the 2008 , 2012 , and 2016 Olympic teams . As of April 2016 , he was the US Olympic team 's all-time leader in points , rebounds , and games played ."}]}, {'value': 'J.J. Redick ( boys ) Shanna Zolman ( girls )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/J.J._Redick', 'summary': "Jonathan Clay JJ Redick ( born June 24 , 1984 ) is an American professional basketball player for the New Orleans Pelicans of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . He was selected 11th overall by the Orlando Magic in the 2006 NBA draft . He played college basketball for the Duke Blue Devils . In college , Redick was known for his good three-point and free throw shooting . He set ACC records during his career for most points and most career ACC tournament points , though his ACC career points record was subsequently broken at UNC in 2009 . Redick is currently the all-time leading scorer for Duke . He also set several other Duke records , including most points in a single season . Redick 's jersey was retired by Duke on February 4 , 2007 . After being drafted by the Magic , he played for seven seasons in Orlando , followed by a short spell with the Milwaukee Bucks , then four seasons with the Los Angeles Clippers . In 2017 , he signed a one-year contract with the Philadelphia 76ers , and re-signed with them on a one-year deal the following year . In 2019 , Redick signed a two-year deal with the New Orleans Pelicans . In addition to his basketball career , Redick is a podcaster , and hosts a basketball and entertainment podcast for The Ringer ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Shanna_Crossley', 'summary': "Shanna Annette Zolman ( born September 7 , 1983 ) is an American professional basketball player , most recently for the Tulsa Shock of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . She attended college at the University of Tennessee and graduated in 2006 with a degree in Broadcasting . Following her collegiate career , she was selected 16th overall in the 2006 WNBA Draft by the San Antonio Silver Stars ."}]}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'LeBron James', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/LeBron_James', 'summary': "LeBron Raymone James Sr. ( /ləˈbrɒn/ ; born December 30 , 1984 ) is an American professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association . He is often regarded as the greatest basketball player of all time , which has resulted in frequent comparisons to Michael Jordan . His accomplishments include three NBA championships , four NBA MVP Awards , three NBA Finals MVP Awards , and two Olympic gold medals . Lebron 's teams appeared in eight consecutive NBA Finals ( 2011-2018 seasons ) . Lebron leads with the record for all-time NBA playoffs points scored , is third in all-time NBA points scored , and eighth in all-time NBA assists . James was selected to the All-NBA First Team a record twelve times , made the All-Defensive First Team five times , played in sixteen NBA All-Star Games as All-Star MVP three times . James played basketball for St. Vincent-St. Mary High School in his hometown of Akron , Ohio , where he was heavily touted by the national media as a future NBA superstar . A prep-to-pro , he joined the Cleveland Cavaliers in 2003 as the first overall draft pick . Named the 2003-04 NBA Rookie of the Year , he soon established himself as one of the league 's premier players ; he won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award in 2009 and 2010 . After failing to win a championship with Cleveland , James left in 2010 to sign as a free agent with the Miami Heat . This move was announced in an ESPN special titled The Decision , and is one of the most controversial free agent decisions in American sports history . James won his first two NBA championships while playing for the Miami Heat in 2012 and 2013 ; in both of these years , he also earned league MVP and Finals MVP ."}]}, {'value': 'Mike Jones ( boys ) Ivory Latta ( girls )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mike_Jones_(basketball,_born_1984)', 'summary': 'Michael Mike Jones ( born July 24 , 1984 ) is an American former professional basketball player who played for the University of Maryland , College Park .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ivory_Latta', 'summary': "Ivory Latta ( born September 25 , 1984 ) is an American professional basketball player who is currently a free agent . She was drafted 11th overall by the Detroit Shock in the 2007 WNBA Draft . A 5 ' 6 ( 1.68 m ) guard noted for her three-point shooting and on-court enthusiasm , she played college basketball for the North Carolina Tar Heels . She is the all-time leading scorer in South Carolina high school basketball history ( men 's and women 's ) with a total of 4,319 career points ."}]}, {'value': '2004', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Candace Parker', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Candace_Parker', 'summary': "Candace Nicole Parker ( born April 19 , 1986 ) is an American professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . She was the first overall pick in the 2008 WNBA Draft . In 2016 , along with other stars such as Alana Beard and Nneka Ogwumike , Parker helped the Sparks to win their first WNBA Finals title since 2002 . In high school , Parker won the 2003 and 2004 Gatorade National Girls Basketball Player of the Year awards , becoming just the second junior and the only woman to receive the award twice . A versatile player , Parker mainly plays the forward position . In college she was listed on Tennessee 's roster as a forward , center and guard . Parker was the first woman to dunk in an NCAA tournament game and the first woman to dunk twice in a college game . She set both milestones as a redshirt freshman on March 19 , 2006 . Parker became the second player to dunk in a WNBA game on June 22 , 2008 . Prior to her first WNBA game , Parker had signed long-term endorsement deals with Adidas and Gatorade . In leading the Lady Vols to two consecutive national championships , Parker was named the Final Four 's most outstanding player in both occasions , and was a two-time consensus national player of the year . Parker has won a WNBA championship ( 2016 ) , two WNBA Most Valuable Player Awards ( 2008 , 2013 ) , WNBA Finals MVP Award ( 2016 ) , WNBA All-Star Game MVP ( 2013 ) , two Olympic gold medals ( 2008 , 2012 ) , and the WNBA Rookie of the Year Award ( 2008 ) ."}]}, {'value': "Darius Washington Jr. ( boys ) Sa'de Wiley-Gatewood ( girls )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Darius_Washington_Jr.', 'summary': "Darius Myron Washington Jr. ( born December 6 , 1985 ) is an American-Macedonian professional basketball player who last played for Rabotnički of the Macedonian First League . He is a combo guard and played college basketball with the University of Memphis . He has also played with the NBA 's San Antonio Spurs and the NBA D-League 's Austin Toros in 2007 ."}]}, {'value': '2005', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gerald Green', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gerald_Green', 'summary': "Gerald Green ( born January 26 , 1986 ) is an American professional basketball player . He was drafted by the Boston Celtics with the 18th overall pick in the 2005 NBA draft . Known for his dunking skill , he has performed well in many slam dunk competitions , having won the 2005 McDonald 's All-American Slam Dunk Contest and the 2007 NBA Slam Dunk Contest , while finishing as the runner-up in the 2008 NBA Slam Dunk Contest ."}]}, {'value': 'Mario Chalmers ( boys ) Erika Arriaran ( girls )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mario_Chalmers', 'summary': "Almario Vernard Mario Chalmers ( born May 19 , 1986 ) is an American professional basketball player for AEK Athens of the Greek Basket League and the Basketball Champions League . He was selected with the 34th overall pick in the 2008 NBA draft by the Minnesota Timberwolves after playing three seasons of college basketball for the University of Kansas , including being a part of the 2007-08 national championship team . Chalmers was named the 2006-07 Co-Defensive Player of the Year and the Most Outstanding Player of the 2008 NCAA Men 's Division I Basketball Tournament ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Sprite/Powerade Jam Fest Award Winners', 'section_text': "The slam dunk contest was first held as an unofficial event in 1985 , and became an official part of the festivities in 1987 . The three-point contest was first held for boys in 1989 , with a girls ' competition added alongside the inaugural girls ' game in 2002 . The skills contest was added for both boys and girls in 2002 , with separate events held for both sexes through 2015 . In 2016 , the skills contest was discontinued and replaced with a `` Legends & Stars Shootout '' , involving teams consisting of one boy , one girl , and one All-American Game alumnus of either sex . Within each individual entry of Legends & Stars Shootout winners , the teams are listed in the aforementioned order . The Shootout is a timed competition in which each team must make a layup , free throw , three-pointer , and halfcourt shot in that order . [ 14 ]", 'uid': "McDonald's_All-American_Game_3", 'intro': "The McDonald's All-American Game is the all-star basketball game played each year for American and Canadian boys' and girls' high school basketball graduates. Consisting of the top players, each team plays a single exhibition game after the conclusion of the high-school basketball season, in an East vs. West format. As part of the annual event, boys and girls compete in a slam dunk contest and a three-point shooting competition, and compete alongside All-American Game alumni in a timed team shootout. The last of these competitions replaced separate overall timed skills competitions for boys and girls. It is rare for girls to compete in the slam dunk contest. However, that contest has been won twice by girls - first in 2004 by Candace Parker, and most recently in 2019 by Fran Belibi. The boys' game has been contested annually since 1978, and the girls game has been played each year since it was added in 2002. The McDonald's All-American designation began in 1977 with the selection of the inaugural team. That year, the All-Americans played in an all-star game against a group of high school stars from the Washington, D.C. area. The following year, the McDonald's game format of East vs. West was begun with a boys contest. In 2002, with the addition of a girls contest, the current girl-game / boy-game doubleheader format began. The McDonald's All-American Team is the best-known of the American high-school basketball All-American teams."}
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Which team does the player that won the dunk contest in the 1993 McDonald 's All-American Game currently coach ?
Vanderbilt Commodores
04da9f822c0b7630
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connacht_Senior_League_(association_football)', 'title': 'Connacht Senior League (association football)', 'header': ['Team', 'Home town/suburb', 'Ground', 'Years'], 'data': [{'value': 'Ballina Town', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ballina_Town_F.C.', 'summary': "Ballina Town F.C . is an Irish association football club based in Ballina , County Mayo . Their senior men 's team play in the Mayo Association Football League . They have previously played in the Connacht Senior League . Their senior women 's team play in the Mayo Women 's Football League and have previously played in the FAI Women 's Cup ."}]}, {'value': 'Ballina , County Mayo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ballina,_County_Mayo', 'summary': 'Ballina ( /ˌbælɪˈnɑː/ ; Irish : Béal an Átha , meaning mouth of the ford ) is a town in north County Mayo , Ireland . It lies at the mouth of the River Moy near Killala Bay , in the Moy valley and Parish of Kilmoremoy , with the Ox Mountains to the east and the Nephin Beg mountains to the west . The town occupies two baronies ; Tirawley on the west bank of the Moy River , and Tireragh , a barony within the County of Sligo , on its east banks . As of 2016 [ update ] , the population of Ballina was 10,171 .'}]}, {'value': 'Belleek Park', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1989-2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ballina Rovers', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ballina , County Mayo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ballina,_County_Mayo', 'summary': 'Ballina ( /ˌbælɪˈnɑː/ ; Irish : Béal an Átha , meaning mouth of the ford ) is a town in north County Mayo , Ireland . It lies at the mouth of the River Moy near Killala Bay , in the Moy valley and Parish of Kilmoremoy , with the Ox Mountains to the east and the Nephin Beg mountains to the west . The town occupies two baronies ; Tirawley on the west bank of the Moy River , and Tireragh , a barony within the County of Sligo , on its east banks . As of 2016 [ update ] , the population of Ballina was 10,171 .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1981-1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ballinasloe Town', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ballinasloe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ballinasloe', 'summary': 'Ballinasloe /ˌbælɪnæˈsloʊ/ ( Irish : Béal Átha na Sluaighe , meaning mouth of the ford of the crowds ) is a town in the easternmost part of County Galway in Connacht . It is one of the largest towns in County Galway with a population of 6,662 people as of the 2016 census .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1982-1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Castlebar Celtic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Castlebar_Celtic_F.C.', 'summary': "Castlebar Celtic F.C . ( Irish : Cumann Peile Caisleán an Bharraigh Ceiltigh ) is an Irish association football club based in Castlebar , County Mayo . They currently play in the Mayo Association Football League . They have previously fielded teams in the League of Ireland U20 Division , the A Championship and the Connacht Senior League . The club previously operated a women 's team ."}]}, {'value': 'Castlebar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Castlebar', 'summary': "Castlebar ( Irish : Caisleán an Bharraigh , meaning Barry 's Castle ) is the county town of County Mayo , Ireland . A campus of Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology and the Country Life section of the National Museum of Ireland are two important local amenities . The town is linked by railway to Dublin , Westport and Ballina . The main route by road is the N5 ."}]}, {'value': 'Celtic Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Celtic_Park_(Castlebar)', 'summary': "Celtic Park ( Irish : Páirc na gCeilteach ) is an association football stadium based in Castlebar , County Mayo . It is the home ground of Castlebar Celtic who play in the Women 's National League ( WNL ) , the top tier of Irish women 's football . It is also home to Castlebar Celtic 's associated men 's team , who play at regional level in the Mayo Association Football League ."}]}, {'value': '1987-2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Castlerea Celtic', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Castlerea', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Castlerea', 'summary': "Castlerea ( /ˌkæsəlˈreɪ/ ; Irish : An Caisleán Riabhach , meaning brindled castle ) is the second largest town in County Roscommon , Republic of Ireland . It is located in the west of the county and had a population of 1,992 at the 2016 Census . Roughly translated from Irish , Castlerea can mean Brindled Castle ( Caisleán Riabhach ) or King 's Castle ( Caisleán Rí ) . The town is built on the banks of the River Suck and the River Francis , both of which are tributaries of the River Shannon ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1981-1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Galway United Reserves', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Galway_United_F.C.', 'summary': 'Galway United Football Club ( Irish : Cumann Peile Ghaillimh Aontaithe ) is an Irish association football club based in Galway . They play in the League of Ireland First Division . They were founded as Galway Rovers F.C . during the 1930s . They made their League of Ireland debut in 1977-78 and changed their name to Galway United in 1981-82 . After suffering financial difficulties , the club dropped out of the League of Ireland after the 2011 season but in 2014 Galway United returned after initially playing as Galway F.C . for a season .'}]}, {'value': 'Galway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Galway', 'summary': 'Galway ( /ˈɡɔːlweɪ/ GAWL-way ; Irish : Gaillimh , pronounced [ ˈɡal̠ʲɪvʲ ] ) is a city in County Galway in the West of Ireland , in the province of Connacht . It lies on the River Corrib between Lough Corrib and Galway Bay , and is the sixth most populous city in Ireland , with a population at the 2016 Census of 79,934 . Galway is renowned for its vibrant lifestyle and for hosting numerous festivals , celebrations and events such as The Galway Arts Festival . The city is currently the European Capital of Culture for 2020 , alongside Rijeka , Croatia .'}]}, {'value': 'Terryland Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Terryland_Park', 'summary': 'Eamonn Deacy Park , formerly known as Terryland Park , is an association football stadium in the Republic of Ireland based in the Terryland district of Galway . It is owned by the Galway Football Association and is the home ground of both Galway United and Galway W.F.C . It is named after Eamonn Deacy , a former Galway United and Aston Villa player and Republic of Ireland international . In both 2007 and 2008 , the ground was voted the best surface by the FAI . It won the same award again in 2015 .'}]}, {'value': '1983-2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Galway Hibernians', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Galway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Galway', 'summary': 'Galway ( /ˈɡɔːlweɪ/ GAWL-way ; Irish : Gaillimh , pronounced [ ˈɡal̠ʲɪvʲ ] ) is a city in County Galway in the West of Ireland , in the province of Connacht . It lies on the River Corrib between Lough Corrib and Galway Bay , and is the sixth most populous city in Ireland , with a population at the 2016 Census of 79,934 . Galway is renowned for its vibrant lifestyle and for hosting numerous festivals , celebrations and events such as The Galway Arts Festival . The city is currently the European Capital of Culture for 2020 , alongside Rijeka , Croatia .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994-1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gentex', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Athlone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athlone', 'summary': "Athlone ( /æθˈloʊn/ ; Irish : Baile Átha Luain , meaning The town of Luan 's ford ) is a town in County Westmeath , Ireland . It is located on the River Shannon near the southern shore of Lough Ree . It is the second most populous town in the Midlands Region with a population of 21,349 in the 2016 census . Most of the town lies on the east bank of the river ; however , by the terms of the Local Government Act of 1898 , six townlands on the west bank of the Shannon , formerly in County Roscommon , were incorporated into the town , and consequently , into the county of Westmeath . The 2016 census recorded the population of the town at 21,349 , a 5.9% increase from 2011 . Recent growth has also occurred outside the town 's boundaries . Athlone is near the geographical centre of Ireland , which is 8.85 kilometres ( 5.50 mi ) north-northwest of the town , in the area of Carnagh East in County Roscommon ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1987 1993-1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Longford Town Reserves', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Longford_Town_F.C.', 'summary': "Longford Town Football Club ( Irish : Cumann Peile Bhaile Longfort ) is an Irish football club playing in the League of Ireland First Division . The club , founded in 1924 and elected to the league in 1984 , is based in Longford , County Longford and play their home matches at Strokestown Road , which for sponsorship reasons is also known as Bishopsgate . Club colours are red and black , and the club goes by the nickname 'De Town ' ."}]}, {'value': 'Longford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Longford', 'summary': "Longford ( Irish : An Longfort ) is the county town of County Longford in Ireland . It has a population of 10,008 according to the 2016 census . It is the biggest town in the county and about one third of the county 's population lives there . Longford lies at the meeting of Ireland 's N4 and N5 National Primary Route roads , which means that traffic traveling between Dublin and County Mayo , or North County Roscommon passes around the town . The station in Longford on the Dublin-Sligo line is important for commuters ."}]}, {'value': 'Strokestown Road', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Strokestown_Road', 'summary': 'Strokestown Road , currently known as Bishopsgate for sponsorship purposes , is the name of a football stadium in Longford , Ireland which is the home of League of Ireland club Longford Town .'}]}, {'value': '1991-1993 1995-1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Longford Celtic', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Longford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Longford', 'summary': "Longford ( Irish : An Longfort ) is the county town of County Longford in Ireland . It has a population of 10,008 according to the 2016 census . It is the biggest town in the county and about one third of the county 's population lives there . Longford lies at the meeting of Ireland 's N4 and N5 National Primary Route roads , which means that traffic traveling between Dublin and County Mayo , or North County Roscommon passes around the town . The station in Longford on the Dublin-Sligo line is important for commuters ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995-1996', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manulla FC', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manulla , County Mayo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/County_Mayo', 'summary': 'County Mayo ( Irish : Contae Mhaigh Eo , meaning Plain of the yew trees ) is a county in Ireland . In the West of Ireland , in the province of Connacht , it is named after the village of Mayo , now generally known as Mayo Abbey . Mayo County Council is the local authority . The population was 130,507 at the 2016 census . The boundaries of the county , which was formed in 1585 , reflect the Mac William Íochtar lordship at that time .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997-1998', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mervue United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mervue_United_A.F.C.', 'summary': "Mervue United A.F.C . is an Irish association football club based in Mervue , Galway . Their senior men 's team currently plays in the Galway & District League . The club has previously fielded teams in the Connacht Senior League , the League of Ireland U21 Division , the A Championship and the League of Ireland First Division ."}]}, {'value': 'Mervue', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Fahy 's Field", 'urls': []}, {'value': '1981-1989 1991-2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Salthill Devon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salthill_Devon_F.C.', 'summary': 'Salthill Devon Football Club is an Irish association football club originally based in Salthill , Galway . Their senior team currently plays in the Galway & District League . They have previously played in the Connacht Senior League , the A Championship and the League of Ireland First Division . In 2012 they played under the name SD Galway . Since 2005 Salthill Devon have hosted a youth tournament known as the Galway Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Salthill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salthill', 'summary': 'Salthill ( Irish : Bóthar na Trá ) is a seaside area in the City of Galway in the west of Ireland . Lying within the townland of Lenaboy ( an Léana Buí ) , it attracts many tourists all year round . There is a 2 km long promenade , locally known as the Prom , overlooking Galway Bay with bars , restaurants and hotels .'}]}, {'value': 'Drom Soccer Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Drom_Soccer_Park', 'summary': 'Drom Soccer Park is an association football venue in the Republic of Ireland based in Drom East , Rahoon , County Galway . It is the home ground of Salthill Devon F.C . It was built in 2002 and has a capacity of 2,000 . Drom also hosts the Galway Cup annually .'}]}, {'value': '1981-2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sligo Rovers Reserves', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sligo_Rovers_F.C.', 'summary': 'Sligo Rovers Football Club ( Irish : Cumann Peile Ruagairí Shligigh ) is a professional Irish football club playing in the Premier Division of the League of Ireland . The club was founded in 1928 and have been in the League of Ireland since 1934 . The club is a co-operative venture , owned by the people of Sligo . Rovers have played at The Showgrounds since their inception . They recently won a third FAI Cup in four years and in the season previous to this recent cup win became the 2012 Premier Division Champions , winning the league with two games to spare . In total they have won three Leagues , five FAI Cups , two League cups .'}]}, {'value': 'Sligo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sligo', 'summary': "Sligo ( /ˈslaɪɡoʊ/ SLY-goh ; Irish : Sligeach [ ˈʃlʲɪɟəx ] , meaning 'abounding in shells ' ) is a coastal seaport and the county town of County Sligo , Ireland , within the western province of Connacht . With a population of approximately 20,000 in 2016 , it is the second largest urban centre in the West of Ireland , with only Galway being larger . The Sligo Borough District constitutes 61% ( 38,581 ) of the county 's population of 63,000 . Sligo is a historic , cultural , commercial , industrial , retail and service centre of regional importance in the West of Ireland , and is served by rail , port and road links . Sligo is also a tourist destination , being situated on the Wild Atlantic Way , with many literary and cultural associations ."}]}, {'value': 'Sligo Showgrounds', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sligo_Showgrounds', 'summary': 'The Showgrounds is a stadium in Sligo , which has been home of Sligo Rovers since Rovers were formed in 1928 .'}]}, {'value': '1981-1985 1990-2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Straide & Foxford United', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Foxford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Foxford', 'summary': 'Foxford ( Irish : Béal Easa , meaning mouth of the waterfall ) is a village 16 km south of Ballina in County Mayo , Ireland . It stands on the N26 national primary route from Swinford to Ballina and has a railway station served by trains between Manulla Junction and Ballina . Foxford lies on the River Moy , a salmon-fishing river , close to Loughs Conn and Cullin and between the Nephin and Ox Mountains . The Foxford Way is an 86-km waymarked tourist trail that circles Foxford , taking in the Ox Mountains , bogland , archeological sites , lakeshores and river banks . Agnes Bernard founded a convent and started a water-powered woollen mill here in 1892 . The Foxford Woollen Mills are known for producing characteristic wool blankets .'}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1994-1999', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'St Peters', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Athlone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athlone', 'summary': "Athlone ( /æθˈloʊn/ ; Irish : Baile Átha Luain , meaning The town of Luan 's ford ) is a town in County Westmeath , Ireland . It is located on the River Shannon near the southern shore of Lough Ree . It is the second most populous town in the Midlands Region with a population of 21,349 in the 2016 census . Most of the town lies on the east bank of the river ; however , by the terms of the Local Government Act of 1898 , six townlands on the west bank of the Shannon , formerly in County Roscommon , were incorporated into the town , and consequently , into the county of Westmeath . The 2016 census recorded the population of the town at 21,349 , a 5.9% increase from 2011 . Recent growth has also occurred outside the town 's boundaries . Athlone is near the geographical centre of Ireland , which is 8.85 kilometres ( 5.50 mi ) north-northwest of the town , in the area of Carnagh East in County Roscommon ."}]}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1993-2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tuam Celtic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tuam_Celtic_A.F.C.', 'summary': "Tuam Celtic A.F.C . is an Irish association football club based in Tuam , County Galway . Their senior men 's currently competes in the Galway & District League . The club also operates a ladies team a number of schoolboy teams ."}]}, {'value': 'Tuam', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tuam', 'summary': 'Tuam ( /ˈtjuːəm/ TEW-əm ) ; Irish : Tuaim , meaning mound or burial-place [ t̪ˠuəmʲ ] ) is a town in Ireland and the second-largest settlement in County Galway . It is situated west of the midlands of Ireland , approximately 35 km ( 22 mi ) north of Galway city . Human existence in the area dates to the Bronze Age while the historic period dates from the 6th century . The town became increasingly important in the 11th and 12th centuries in political and religious aspects of Ireland . The market-based layout of the town and square indicates the importance of commerce .'}]}, {'value': 'Celtic Park', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1981-1990', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'UCG/NUI Galway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/NUI_Galway_F.C.', 'summary': 'The Galway & District League is an association football league organized by the Galway Football Association . It features amateur and junior clubs from County Galway . It currently features six divisions . Its top division , the Premier Division , is a seventh level division in the Republic of Ireland football league system . Galway & District League teams also compete the FAI Junior Cup . It is currently sponsored by Western Hygiene Supplies , a company based in Tuam'}]}, {'value': 'Galway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Galway', 'summary': 'Galway ( /ˈɡɔːlweɪ/ GAWL-way ; Irish : Gaillimh , pronounced [ ˈɡal̠ʲɪvʲ ] ) is a city in County Galway in the West of Ireland , in the province of Connacht . It lies on the River Corrib between Lough Corrib and Galway Bay , and is the sixth most populous city in Ireland , with a population at the 2016 Census of 79,934 . Galway is renowned for its vibrant lifestyle and for hosting numerous festivals , celebrations and events such as The Galway Arts Festival . The city is currently the European Capital of Culture for 2020 , alongside Rijeka , Croatia .'}]}, {'value': 'Dangan', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1981-2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Westport United', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Westport_United_F.C.', 'summary': 'Westport United F.C . is an Irish association football club based in Westport , County Mayo . Founded in 1911 , it is one of the oldest association football clubs in both County Mayo and Connacht . They currently play in the Mayo Association Football League . They have previously played in the Connacht Senior League . Westport United came to national prominence after winning the 2004-05 FAI Junior Cup and playing in the 2005 FAI Cup .'}]}, {'value': 'Westport , County Mayo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Westport,_County_Mayo', 'summary': 'Westport ( Irish : Cathair na Mart , meaning stone fort of the beeves , historically anglicised as Cahernamart ) is a town in County Mayo in Ireland . It is at the south-east corner of Clew Bay , an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean on the west coast of Ireland . Westport is a popular tourist destination and scores highly for quality of life . It won the Irish Tidy Towns Competition three times in 2001 , 2006 and 2008 . In 2012 it won the Best Place to Live in Ireland competition run by The Irish Times . The design for the town was commissioned in the 1780s by the John Browne of the nearby stately home , Westport House , as a place for his workers and tenants to live . John Browne cleared the original village of Cahernamart , that had 700 inhabitants , to make way for his gardens at Westport House . The current town centre was originally designed by William Leeson in 1780 , in the Georgian architectural style . Its layout follows the medieval principles of urban design introduced by the Normans in the 13th century . A particular feature is the incorporation of the river into the composition , contained for two blocks by low stone walls producing , on each side of the river , tree lined promenades ( The Mall ) with several stone bridges over the river Carrow Beg . Some modern interventions , such as the Garda station , are less successful in maintaining the original continuity of the urban fabric . [ original research ? ]'}]}, {'value': 'Sports Park', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988-1995', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Teams', 'section_text': "Participating clubs included the reserve teams of three League of Ireland clubs – Sligo Rovers , Galway United and Longford Town . The league also featured three future members of the A Championship – Mervue United , Salthill Devon and Castlebar Celtic . The former two also played in the League of Ireland First Division . Nineteen different teams played in the league at one point or another . The majority came from Connacht but Leinster teams from bordering counties were also invited to join . The league 's membership usually averaged between eight and ten clubs and peaked in the 1995–96 season when it featured fourteen clubs . Throughout its history the CSL suffered regularly from clubs dropping out and only two teams , Salthill Devon and UCG/NUI Galway featured every season .", 'uid': 'Connacht_Senior_League_(association_football)_0', 'intro': 'The Connacht Senior League was an association football league featuring amateur, intermediate, and League of Ireland reserve teams affiliated to the Connacht Football Association. It was a third level league in the Republic of Ireland football league system. An earlier provincial league, the Western League, had been active, on and off, since the 1930s before the Connacht Football Association decided to establish a more permanent league. The CSL was active between 1981 and 2000. In 2013 discussions were held about relaunching the league.'}
null
null
When was the club founded in the town at the meeting of Ireland 's N4 and N5 National Primary Route roads ?
1924
04daf191c9c9efd3
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Phi_Kappa_Psi_brothers', 'title': 'List of Phi Kappa Psi brothers', 'header': ['Name', 'Original chapter', 'Initiation year', 'Notability'], 'data': [{'value': 'Henry H. Apple', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henry_Harbaugh_Apple', 'summary': "Henry Harbaugh Apple ( November 8 , 1869 - 1943 ) was an American clergyman and educator born in Mercersburg , Pennsylvania . He graduated from Franklin and Marshall College in 1889 and from the Theological Seminary of the Reformed Church in 1892 . Ordained to the ministry of his denomination , he became pastor of St. John 's Church in Philadelphia ( 1892 ) and of Trinity Church in York , Pennsylvania . In 1905 he was president of the Potomac Synod of the Reformed Church . In 1909 he was chosen president of Franklin and Marshall College ."}]}, {'value': 'Pennsylvania Eta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Franklin_&_Marshall_College', 'summary': 'Franklin & Marshall College ( F & M ) is a private residential liberal arts college in Lancaster , Pennsylvania . It employs 175 full-time faculty members and has a student body of approximately 2,400 full-time students .'}]}, {'value': '1885', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'President of Franklin & Marshall College ( 1910-1935 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Franklin_&_Marshall_College', 'summary': 'Franklin & Marshall College ( F & M ) is a private residential liberal arts college in Lancaster , Pennsylvania . It employs 175 full-time faculty members and has a student body of approximately 2,400 full-time students .'}]}, {'value': 'William E. Boggs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/William_Ellison_Boggs', 'summary': "William Ellison Boggs ( May 12 , 1838 - August 20 , 1920 ) , born in Ahmedunggar , India , was chancellor of the University of Georgia ( UGA ) in Athens , Georgia , United States from 1889 until his resignation in 1898 ( The head of the University was referred to as chancellor instead of president , from 1860 until 1932 ) . Boggs obtained a B.A . from South Carolina College in 1859 and his Doctor of Divinity , ( D.D . ) from Columbia Theological Seminary in 1862 . Boggs died on August 20 , 1920 , in Baltimore , Maryland and is buried in Waynesville , North Carolina . [ citation needed ] He was the father of Gilbert Hillhouse Boggs , who was deeply involved with Georgia Tech 's Chemistry Department ."}]}, {'value': 'South Carolina Alpha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_South_Carolina', 'summary': "The University of South Carolina ( USC , UofSC , SC , or simply Carolina ) is a public research university in Columbia , South Carolina . It has seven satellite campuses throughout the state and its main campus covers over 359 acres ( 145 ha ) in downtown Columbia not far from the South Carolina State House . The university is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities with Highest Research Activity . It also houses the largest collection of Robert Burns and Scottish literature materials outside Scotland , and the world 's largest Ernest Hemingway collection . Founded in 1801 as South Carolina College , USC is the flagship institution of the University of South Carolina System and offers more than 350 programs of study , leading to bachelor 's , master 's , and doctoral degrees from fourteen degree-granting colleges and schools . The University of South Carolina has a total enrollment of approximately 52,000 students , with over 35,000 on the main Columbia campus as of fall 2019 - making it the largest university in the Carolinas . USC also has several thousand future students in feeder programs at surrounding technical colleges . Professional schools on the Columbia campus include business , engineering , law , medicine , pharmacy , and social work ."}]}, {'value': '1857', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'President of the University of Georgia ( 1889-1898 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Georgia', 'summary': "The University of Georgia ( UGA or Georgia ) is a public research university with its main campus in Athens , Georgia . Founded in 1785 , it is one of the oldest public universities in the United States . The university is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity , and as having more selective undergraduate admissions , its most selective admissions category , while the ACT Assessment Student Report places UGA admissions in the Highly Selective category , the highest classification . In keeping with the teaching portion of its motto , the university has a student-to-faculty ratio of 17 students per faculty member , and 46 percent of its classes have fewer than 20 students . In its 2020 rankings , U.S. News & World Report ranked the university tied for 50th among all U.S. public and private national universities and 16th among all public ones . In addition to the main campuses in Athens with their approximately 470 buildings , the university has two smaller campuses located in Tifton and Griffin . The university has two satellite campuses located in Atlanta and Lawrenceville . The university operates several service and outreach stations spread across the state . The total acreage of the university in 30 Georgia counties is 41,539 acres ( 168.10 km2 ) . The university also owns a residential education and research center in Washington , DC , as well as three international residential and research centers located at Oxford University in Oxford , England , at Cortona , Italy , and at Monteverde , Costa Rica . Student life includes more than 700 student organizations . The University of Georgia 's intercollegiate sports teams , commonly known by their Georgia Bulldogs nickname , compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I and the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) ."}]}, {'value': 'George F. Bovard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/George_F._Bovard', 'summary': "George Finley Bovard ( August 8 , 1856 - September 24 , 1932 ) was the fourth president of the University of Southern California , serving from 1903 to 1921 . Bovard administration building is named after him . His brother , Marion McKinley Bovard , was the university 's first president ."}]}, {'value': 'Indiana Alpha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DePauw_University', 'summary': 'DePauw University in Greencastle , Indiana , is a private liberal arts college with an enrollment of 1,972 students . The school has a Methodist heritage and was originally known as Indiana Asbury University . DePauw is a member of both the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the North Coast Athletic Conference . The Society of Professional Journalists was founded at DePauw .'}]}, {'value': '1877', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'President of the University of Southern California ( 1903-1921 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Southern_California', 'summary': "The University of Southern California ( USC , [ a ] SC , or Southern Cal ) is a private research university in Los Angeles , California . Founded in 1880 , it is the oldest private research university in California . For the 2018-19 academic year , there were 20,000 students enrolled in four-year undergraduate programs . USC also has 27,500 graduate and professional students in a number of different programs , including business , law , engineering , social work , occupational therapy , pharmacy , and medicine . It is the largest private employer in the city of Los Angeles and generates $ 8 billion in economic impact on Los Angeles and California . USC was one of the earliest nodes on ARPANET and is the birthplace of the Domain Name System . Other technologies invented at USC include DNA computing , dynamic programming , image compression , VoIP , and antivirus software . USC 's alumni include a total of 11 Rhodes Scholars and 12 Marshall Scholars . As of October 2018 , nine Nobel laureates , six MacArthur Fellows , and one Turing Award winner have been affiliated with the university . As of May 2018 , USC has conferred degrees upon 29 alumni who became billionaires . USC has graduated more alumni who have gone on to win an Academy Award than any other institution in the world by a significant margin . USC alumni have also played crucial roles in 21 of the top 25 highest-grossing films of all time , as of 2019 ."}]}, {'value': 'Detlev Bronk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Detlev_Bronk', 'summary': 'Detlev Wulf Bronk ( August 13 , 1897 - November 17 , 1975 ) was a prominent American scientist , educator , and administrator . He is credited with establishing biophysics as a recognized discipline . Bronk served as President of Johns Hopkins University from 1949 to 1953 and as President of The Rockefeller University from 1953 to 1968 . Bronk also held the presidency of the National Academy of Sciences between 1950 and 1962 .'}]}, {'value': 'Pennsylvania Kappa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Swarthmore_College', 'summary': "Swarthmore College ( /ˈswɔːrθmɔːr/ , locally [ swɑθ- ] ) is a private liberal arts college in Swarthmore , Pennsylvania . Founded in 1864 , with its first classes being held in 1869 , Swarthmore was one of the earliest coeducational colleges in the United States . It was established to be a college .under the care of Friends , at which an education may be obtained equal to that of the best institutions of learning in our country . By 1906 , Swarthmore had dropped its religious affiliation and became officially non-sectarian . Swarthmore is a member of the Tri-College Consortium along with Bryn Mawr and Haverford College , a cooperative academic arrangement between the three schools . Swarthmore is also affiliated with the University of Pennsylvania through the Quaker Consortium , which allows for students to cross-register for classes at all four institutions . Swarthmore offers over 600 courses a year in more than 40 areas of study , including an ABET accredited engineering program which culminates with a Bachelor of Science in engineering . Swarthmore has a variety of sporting teams with a total of 22 Division III Varsity Intercollegiate Sports Teams and competes in the Centennial Conference , a group of private colleges in Pennsylvania and Maryland . Despite the school 's small size , Swarthmore alumni have attained prominence in a broad range of fields . Graduates include five Nobel Prize winners ( as of 2016 , the third-highest number of Nobel Prize winners per graduate in the U.S. ) , 11 MacArthur Foundation fellows , 30 Rhodes Scholars , 27 Truman Scholars , 10 Marshall Scholars , 201 Fulbright Grantees , and many noteworthy figures in law , art , science , academia , business , politics , and other fields ."}]}, {'value': '1915', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient ( 1964 ) ; a founder ( 1960 ) and past President of the World Academy of Art and Science ; President of Rockefeller University ( 1953-1968 ) ; President of the National Academy of Sciences ( 1950-1962 ) ; President of Johns Hopkins University ( 1949-1953 ) ; credited with formulating the modern theory of the science of biophysics ; allegedly a member of the Majestic 12', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Presidential_Medal_of_Freedom', 'summary': 'The Presidential Medal of Freedom is an award bestowed by the president of the United States . The Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal are the highest civilian awards of the United States . The presidential medal seeks to recognize those people who have made an especially meritorious contribution to the security or national interests of the United States , world peace , cultural or other significant public or private endeavors . The award is not limited to U.S. citizens and , while it is a civilian award , it can also be awarded to military personnel and worn on the uniform . It was established in 1963 by President John F. Kennedy , superseding the Medal of Freedom that was established by President Harry S. Truman in 1945 to honor civilian service during World War II .'}, {'url': '/wiki/World_Academy_of_Art_and_Science', 'summary': 'The World Academy of Art and Science ( WAAS ) is an international non-governmental scientific organization , a world network of more than 700 individual fellows from more than 80 countries . Fellows are elected for distinguished accomplishments in the sciences , arts and the humanities . The Academy strives to promote the growth of knowledge , enhance public awareness of the social consequences and policy implications of that growth , and provide leadership in thought that leads to action . The spirit of the academy can be expressed in the words of Albert Einstein The creations of our mind shall be a blessing and not a curse to mankind .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Rockefeller_University', 'summary': "The Rockefeller University is a private graduate university in New York City . It focuses primarily on the biological and medical sciences and provides doctoral and postdoctoral education . Rockefeller is the oldest biomedical research institute in the United States . The 82-person faculty ( tenured and tenure-track , as of 2018 ) has 37 members of the National Academy of Sciences , 17 members of the National Academy of Medicine , seven Lasker Award recipients , and five Nobel laureates . As of October 2019 , a total of 36 Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Rockefeller University . The university is located on the Upper East Side of Manhattan , between 63rd and 68th streets on York Avenue . Richard P. Lifton became the university 's eleventh president on September 1 , 2016 . The Rockefeller University Press publishes the Journal of Experimental Medicine , the Journal of Cell Biology , and The Journal of General Physiology ."}, {'url': '/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences', 'summary': "The National Academy of Sciences ( NAS ) is a United States nonprofit , non-governmental organization . NAS is part of the National Academies of Sciences , Engineering , and Medicine , along with the National Academy of Engineering ( NAE ) and the National Academy of Medicine ( NAM ) . As a national academy , new members of the organization are elected annually by current members , based on their distinguished and continuing achievements in original research . Election to the National Academy is one of the highest honors in the scientific field . Members of the National Academy of Sciences serve pro bono as advisers to the nation on science , engineering , and medicine . The group holds a congressional charter under Title 36 of the United States Code . Founded in 1863 as a result of an Act of Congress that was approved by Abraham Lincoln , the NAS is charged with providing independent , objective advice to the nation on matters related to science and technology . … to provide scientific advice to the government 'whenever called upon ' by any government department . The Academy receives no compensation from the government for its services ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University', 'summary': "Johns Hopkins University is a private research university in Baltimore , Maryland . Founded in 1876 , the university was named for its first benefactor , the American entrepreneur , abolitionist , and philanthropist Johns Hopkins . His $ 7 million bequest ( approximately $ 147.5 million in today 's dollars ) - of which half financed the establishment of Johns Hopkins Hospital - was the largest philanthropic gift in the history of the United States up to that time . Daniel Coit Gilman , who was inaugurated as the institution 's first president on February 22 , 1876 , led the university to revolutionize higher education in the U.S. by integrating teaching and research . Adopting the concept of a graduate school from Germany 's ancient Heidelberg University , Johns Hopkins University is considered the first research university in the United States . Over the course of several decades , the university has led all U.S. universities in annual research and development expenditures . In fiscal year 2016 , Johns Hopkins spent nearly $ 2.5 billion on research . The university has additional graduate campuses in Italy , China , and Washington , D.C. , in addition to its main campus in Baltimore , Maryland . The university has been ranked by numerous major education publications as among the top universities in the world . Johns Hopkins is organized into 10 divisions on campuses in Maryland and Washington , D.C. , with international centers in Italy and China . The two undergraduate divisions , the Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences and the Whiting School of Engineering , are located on the Homewood campus in Baltimore 's Charles Village neighborhood . The medical school , the nursing school , and the Bloomberg School of Public Health are located on the Medical Institutions campus in East Baltimore ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Biophysics', 'summary': 'Biophysics is an interdisciplinary science that applies approaches and methods traditionally used in physics to study biological phenomena . Biophysics covers all scales of biological organization , from molecular to organismic and populations . Biophysical research shares significant overlap with biochemistry , molecular biology , physical chemistry , physiology , nanotechnology , bioengineering , computational biology , biomechanics , developmental biology and systems biology . The term biophysics was originally introduced by Karl Pearson in 1892 . Ambiguously , the term biophysics is also regularly used in academia to indicate the study of the physical quantities ( e.g . electric current , temperature , stress , entropy ) in biological systems , which is , by definition , performed by physiology . Nevertheless , other biological sciences also perform research on the biophysical properties of living organisms including molecular biology , cell biology , biophysics , and biochemistry .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Majestic_12', 'summary': 'Majestic 12 ( or MJ-12 ) is a purported organization that appears in UFO conspiracy theories . The organization is claimed to be the code name of an alleged secret committee of scientists , military leaders , and government officials , formed in 1947 by an executive order by U.S. President Harry S. Truman to facilitate recovery and investigation of alien spacecraft . The concept originated in a series of supposedly leaked secret government documents first circulated by ufologists in 1984 . Upon examination , the Federal Bureau of Investigation ( FBI ) declared the documents to be completely bogus , and many ufologists consider them to be an elaborate hoax . Majestic 12 remains popular among some UFO conspiracy theorists and the concept has appeared in popular culture including television , film and literature .'}]}, {'value': 'Luther P. Eisenhart', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luther_P._Eisenhart', 'summary': 'Luther Pfahler Eisenhart ( 13 January 1876 - 28 October 1965 ) was an American mathematician , best known today for his contributions to semi-Riemannian geometry .'}]}, {'value': 'Pennsylvania Epsilon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gettysburg_College', 'summary': "Gettysburg College is a private liberal arts college in Gettysburg , Pennsylvania . Founded in 1832 , the 225-acre ( 91 ha ) campus is adjacent to the Gettysburg Battlefield . Gettysburg College has about 2,600 students , with roughly equal numbers of men and women . Gettysburg students come from 41 states , Washington , D.C. , and 39 countries . The school hosts 24 NCAA Division III men 's and women 's teams , known as the Bullets , and many club , intramural , and recreational programs . The college is also the home of The Gettysburg Review , a literary magazine ."}]}, {'value': '1893', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Dod Professor of Mathematics at Princeton University ( 1929-1945 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Princeton_University', 'summary': "Princeton University is a private Ivy League research university in Princeton , New Jersey . Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey , Princeton is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution . [ a ] The institution moved to Newark in 1747 , then to the current site nine years later , and renamed itself Princeton University in 1896 . Princeton provides undergraduate and graduate instruction in the humanities , social sciences , natural sciences , and engineering . It offers professional degrees through the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs , the School of Engineering and Applied Science , the School of Architecture and the Bendheim Center for Finance . The university has ties with the Institute for Advanced Study , Princeton Theological Seminary and the Westminster Choir College of Rider University . [ b ] Princeton has the largest endowment per student in the United States . From 2001 to 2018 , Princeton University was ranked either first or second among national universities by U.S. News & World Report , holding the top spot for 16 of those 18 years . As of November 2019 , 68 Nobel laureates , 15 Fields Medalists and 13 Turing Award laureates have been affiliated with Princeton University as alumni , faculty members or researchers . In addition , Princeton has been associated with 21 National Medal of Science winners , 5 Abel Prize winners , 5 National Humanities Medal recipients , 209 Rhodes Scholars , 139 Gates Cambridge Scholars and 126 Marshall Scholars . Two U.S. Presidents , twelve U.S. Supreme Court Justices ( three of whom currently serve on the court ) and numerous living billionaires and foreign heads of state are all counted among Princeton 's alumni body . Princeton has also graduated many prominent members of the U.S. Congress and the U.S ."}]}, {'value': 'Frank Fetter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frank_Fetter', 'summary': "Frank Albert Fetter ( /ˈfɛtər/ ; March 8 , 1863 - March 21 , 1949 ) was an American economist of the Austrian School . Fetter 's treatise , The Principles of Economics , contributed to an increased American interest in the Austrian School , including the theories of Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk , Friedrich von Wieser , Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek . Fetter notably debated Alfred Marshall , presenting a theoretical reassessment of land as capital . Fetter 's arguments have been credited with prompting mainstream economists to abandon the Georgist idea that land is a unique factor of production and hence that there is any special need for a special theory of ground rent . A proponent of the subjective theory of value , Fetter emphasized the importance of time preference and rebuffed Irving Fisher for abandoning the pure time preference theory of interest that Fisher had earlier espoused in his 1907 book , The Rate of Interest ."}]}, {'value': 'Indiana Beta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Indiana_University_Bloomington', 'summary': "Indiana University Bloomington ( IU Bloomington , IU , or simply Indiana ) is a public research university in Bloomington , Indiana . It is the flagship institution of the Indiana University system and , with over 40,000 students , its largest university . Indiana University is a Public Ivy university and consistently ranks in the top 100 national universities in the U.S. and among the top 50 public universities . It is a member of the Association of American Universities and has numerous schools and programs , including the Jacobs School of Music , the Luddy School of Informatics , Computing , and Engineering , the O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs , the Kelley School of Business , the School of Public Health , the School of Nursing , the School of Optometry , the Maurer School of Law , the School of Education , the Media School , and the Hamilton Lugar School of Global and International Studies . As of Fall 2017 , 43,710 students attend Indiana University . While 55.1% of the student body was from Indiana , students from all 50 states , Washington , D.C. , Puerto Rico and 165 countries were also enrolled . As of 2018 [ update ] , the average ACT score is a 28 and an SAT score of 1276 . The university is home to an extensive student life program , with more than 750 student organizations on campus and with around 17 percent of undergraduates joining the Greek system . Indiana athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Indiana Hoosiers . The university is a member of the Big Ten Conference ; since it does not have a mascot , all teams are known simply as Hoosiers . Indiana 's faculty , staff , and alumni include nine Nobel laureates , 17 Rhodes Scholars , 17 Marshall Scholars , and five MacArthur Fellows . In addition , students and alumni have won six Academy Awards , 49 Grammy Awards , 32 Emmy Awards , 20 Pulitzer Prizes , four Tony Awards , and 104 Olympic medals ( 55 gold , 17 silver , and 32 bronze ) ."}]}, {'value': '1879', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Prominent economist of the Austrian School ; President of the American Economic Association ( 1913 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Austrian_School', 'summary': 'The Austrian School is a heterodox school of economic thought that is based on methodological individualism - the concept that social phenomena result exclusively from the motivations and actions of individuals . The Austrian School originated in late-19th and early-20th century Vienna with the work of Carl Menger , Eugen Böhm von Bawerk , Friedrich von Wieser and others . It was methodologically opposed to the Prussian Historical School ( in a dispute known as Methodenstreit ) . Current-day economists working in this tradition are located in many different countries , but their work is still referred to as Austrian economics . Among the theoretical contributions of the early years of the Austrian School are the subjective theory of value , marginalism in price theory and the formulation of the economic calculation problem , each of which has become an accepted part of mainstream economics . Since the mid-20th century , mainstream economists have been critical of the modern day Austrian School and consider its rejection of mathematical modelling , econometrics and macroeconomic analysis to be outside mainstream economics , or heterodox . Although the Austrian School has been considered heterodox since the late 1930s , it attracted renewed interest in the 1970s after Friedrich Hayek shared the 1974 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences .'}]}, {'value': 'Herbert S. Hadley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Herbert_S._Hadley', 'summary': 'Herbert Spencer Hadley ( February 20 , 1872 - December 1 , 1927 ) was an American lawyer and a Republican Party politician from St. Louis , Missouri . Born in Olathe , Kansas , he was Missouri Attorney General from 1905 to 1909 and in 1908 was elected the 32nd Governor of Missouri , serving one term from 1909 to 1913 . As Attorney General , he successfully prosecuted Standard Oil Company for violating Missouri antitrust law .'}]}, {'value': 'Kansas Alpha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Kansas', 'summary': "The University of Kansas ( KU ) is a public research university with its main campus in Lawrence , Kansas , and several satellite campuses , research and educational centers , medical centers , and classes across the state of Kansas . Two branch campuses are in the Kansas City metropolitan area on the Kansas side : the university 's medical school and hospital in Kansas City , the Edwards Campus in Overland Park , and a hospital and research center in the state 's capital of Topeka . There are also educational and research sites in Garden City , Hays , Leavenworth , Parsons , and Topeka , and branches of the medical school in Salina and Wichita . The university is a member of the Association of American Universities . Founded March 21 , 1865 , the university was opened in 1866 , under a charter granted by the Kansas State Legislature in 1864 and legislation passed in 1863 under the State Constitution , which was adopted two years after the 1861 admission of the former Kansas Territory as the 34th state into the Union . Disputes over Kansas ' establishment as a free or slaveholding state prior to admission to the union prompted an internal civil war known as Bleeding Kansas during the 1850s . Enrollment at the Lawrence and Edwards campuses was 28,401 students in 2016 ; an additional 3,383 students were enrolled at the KU Medical Center for an enrollment of 28,091 students across the three campuses . The university overall employed 2,814 faculty members in fall 2015 . Kansas 's athletic teams compete in NCAA Division I sports as the Jayhawks , as members of the Big 12 Conference . They field 16 varsity sports , as well as club-level sports for ice hockey , rugby , and men 's volleyball ."}]}, {'value': '1888', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Chancellor of Washington University ( 1923-1927 ) ; Governor of Missouri ( 1909-1913 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis', 'summary': 'Washington University in St. Louis ( WashU , or WUSTL ) is a private research university in Greater St. Louis with its main campus mostly in unincorporated St. Louis County , Missouri and Clayton , Missouri , its West Campus in Clayton , its North Campus in the West End neighborhood of St. Louis , Missouri , and its Medical Campus in the Central West End neighborhood of St. Louis , Missouri . Founded in 1853 , and named after George Washington , the university has students and faculty from all 50 U.S. states and more than 120 countries . As of 2017 , 24 Nobel laureates in economics , physiology and medicine , chemistry , and physics have been affiliated with Washington University , nine having done the major part of their pioneering research at the university . Washington University is made up of seven graduate and undergraduate schools that encompass a broad range of academic fields . To prevent confusion over its location , the Board of Trustees added the phrase in St. Louis in 1976 .'}, {'url': '/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Missouri', 'summary': 'Following is a list of Governors of Missouri since its territory became part of the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Thomas H. Hamilton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas_H._Hamilton', 'summary': "Thomas Hale Hamilton ( August 4 , 1914 - December 25 , 1979 ) was an American academic administrator who served as president of the State University of New York and the University of Hawaii . A native of Marion , Indiana , Hamilton received his A.B . ( 1936 ) from DePauw University and his A.M. ( 1940 ) and Ph.D. ( 1947 ) from the University of Chicago . While a student at DePauw , he was initiated into the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity . He headed the State University of New York system from 1959 , leaving in 1963 to assume the Presidency of the University of Hawaii . Hamilton resigned his presidency in Hawaii over a tenure scandal in 1967 . Thomas Hamilton married the former Virginia Prindiville on June 1 , 1940 and raised a son and a daughter . He died in Honolulu at the age of 65 . The University of Hawaii 's Hamilton Library is named in his honor ."}]}, {'value': 'Indiana Alpha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DePauw_University', 'summary': 'DePauw University in Greencastle , Indiana , is a private liberal arts college with an enrollment of 1,972 students . The school has a Methodist heritage and was originally known as Indiana Asbury University . DePauw is a member of both the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the North Coast Athletic Conference . The Society of Professional Journalists was founded at DePauw .'}]}, {'value': '1933', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'President of the University of Hawaii ( 1963-1967 ) ; President of the State University of New York ( 1959-1962 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Hawaii', 'summary': "The University of Hawaiʻi system ( formally the University of Hawaiʻi and popularly known as UH ) is a public college and university system that confers associate , bachelor 's , master 's , and doctoral degrees through three university campuses , seven community college campuses , an employment training center , three university centers , four education centers and various other research facilities distributed across six islands throughout the state of Hawaiʻi in the United States . All schools of the University of Hawaiʻi system are accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges . The U.H . system 's main administrative offices are located on the property of the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa in Honolulu CDP ."}, {'url': '/wiki/State_University_of_New_York', 'summary': "The State University of New York ( SUNY /ˈsuːni/ ) is a system of public institutions of higher education in New York . It is the largest comprehensive system of universities , colleges , and community colleges in the United States , with a total enrollment of 424,051 students , plus 2,195,082 adult education students , spanning 64 campuses across the state . Led by Chancellor Kristina M. Johnson , the SUNY system has 91,182 employees , including 32,496 faculty members , and some 7,660 degree and certificate programs overall and a $ 10.7 billion budget . SUNY includes many institutions and four university Centers : Albany ( 1844 ) , Binghamton ( 1946 ) , Buffalo ( 1846 ) , and Stony Brook ( 1957 ) . SUNY 's administrative offices are in Albany , the state 's capital , with satellite offices in Manhattan and Washington , D.C. SUNY 's largest campus is the University at Buffalo , which also has the greatest endowment and research funding . The State University of New York was established in 1948 by Governor Thomas E. Dewey , through legislative implementation of recommendations made by the Temporary Commission on the Need for a State University ( 1946-1948 ) . The Commission was chaired by Owen D. Young , who was at the time Chairman of General Electric . The system was greatly expanded during the administration of Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller , who took a personal interest in design and construction of new SUNY facilities across the state . Apart from units of the City University of New York ( CUNY ) , SUNY comprises all other institutions of higher education statewide that are state-supported . ( SUNY and CUNY are completely separate systems . )"}]}, {'value': 'David C. Hardesty , Jr', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/David_C._Hardesty,_Jr.', 'summary': 'David C. Hardesty Jr. is an American lawyer and educator who was the 21st president of West Virginia University from 1995 to 2007 . As an undergraduate student at West Virginia University , Hardesty was Student Body President , a member of Phi Kappa Psi , and a Rhodes Scholar . Hardesty earned J.D . from Harvard Law School in 1973 , and a B.A . from Oxford University in 1969 which was redesignated an M.A . in 1983 . He was a partner with Bowles , Rice , McDavid , Graff & Love from 1973 to 1995 , and served as the Tax Commissioner of West Virginia from 1977 to 1980 . Hardesty then began his twelve-year tenure as president of WVU . He is currently president emeritus and professor of law at West Virginia University .'}]}, {'value': 'West Virginia Alpha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Virginia_University', 'summary': "West Virginia University ( WVU ) is a public , land-grant , research university with its main campus in Morgantown , West Virginia . Its other campuses are those of the West Virginia University Institute of Technology in Beckley , Potomac State College of West Virginia University in Keyser , and a second clinical campus for the university 's medical and dental schools at Charleston Area Medical Center in Charleston . WVU Extension Service provides outreach with offices in all of West Virginia 's 55 counties . Enrollment for the Fall 2018 semester was 26,864 for the main campus , while enrollment across all three non-clinical campuses was 29,959 . The Morgantown campus offers 350+ bachelor 's , master 's , doctoral , and professional degree programs throughout 14 colleges and schools . Twenty-five Rhodes Scholars are WVU alumni , including former WVU president David C. Hardesty , Jr . The university has also produced 45 Goldwater Scholars , 24 Truman Scholars , and five members ( & 11 academic team honorees ) of USA Today 's All - USA College Academic First Team . Additionally , WVU has had three George C. Marshall ( British ) Scholars , five Morris K. Udall Scholars , 26 Boren Scholars , 63 Gilman Scholars , 64 Fulbright Scholars , three Department of Homeland Security Scholars , 32 Critical Language Scholars , one Jack Kent Cooke Foundation Graduate Scholar , five National Institute of Standards and Technology Fellowships , and 25 National Science Foundation Graduate Research Graduate Fellowships ."}]}, {'value': '1964', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'President of West Virginia University ( 1995-2007 ) ; Rhodes Scholar ( 1967 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/West_Virginia_University', 'summary': "West Virginia University ( WVU ) is a public , land-grant , research university with its main campus in Morgantown , West Virginia . Its other campuses are those of the West Virginia University Institute of Technology in Beckley , Potomac State College of West Virginia University in Keyser , and a second clinical campus for the university 's medical and dental schools at Charleston Area Medical Center in Charleston . WVU Extension Service provides outreach with offices in all of West Virginia 's 55 counties . Enrollment for the Fall 2018 semester was 26,864 for the main campus , while enrollment across all three non-clinical campuses was 29,959 . The Morgantown campus offers 350+ bachelor 's , master 's , doctoral , and professional degree programs throughout 14 colleges and schools . Twenty-five Rhodes Scholars are WVU alumni , including former WVU president David C. Hardesty , Jr . The university has also produced 45 Goldwater Scholars , 24 Truman Scholars , and five members ( & 11 academic team honorees ) of USA Today 's All - USA College Academic First Team . Additionally , WVU has had three George C. Marshall ( British ) Scholars , five Morris K. Udall Scholars , 26 Boren Scholars , 63 Gilman Scholars , 64 Fulbright Scholars , three Department of Homeland Security Scholars , 32 Critical Language Scholars , one Jack Kent Cooke Foundation Graduate Scholar , five National Institute of Standards and Technology Fellowships , and 25 National Science Foundation Graduate Research Graduate Fellowships ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Rhodes_Scholarship', 'summary': "The Rhodes Scholarship is an international postgraduate award for students to study at the University of Oxford . It was established in 1902 , making it the first large-scale programme of international scholarship . The Rhodes Scholarship was founded by English businessman and politician Cecil John Rhodes , to promote unity between English-speaking nations and instill a sense of civic-minded leadership and moral fortitude in future leaders irrespective of their chosen career paths . Although initially restricted to male applicants from countries which are today within the British Commonwealth , as well as Germany and the United States , today the scholarship is open to applicants from all backgrounds and from across the globe . Since its creation , controversy has surrounded both its former exclusion of women ( thus leading to the establishment of the co-educational Marshall Scholarship ) , and Rhodes ' white supremacist beliefs and legacy of colonialism . Prominent recipients of the Rhodes Scholarship include politicians , academics , scientists , authors and entrepreneurs . Notable American politicians include former president of the United States Bill Clinton , former United States national security advisor and United States ambassador to the United Nations Susan Rice , former governor of Louisiana Piyush Bobby Jindal , former United States secretary of the Air Force and former congresswoman Heather Wilson , and former United States secretary of health and human services Sylvia Matthews Burwell . President of Pakistan Wasim Sajjad ; former prime minister of Malta Dom Mintoff ; former Australian prime ministers Tony Abbott , Bob Hawke and Malcolm Turnbull ; and the current deputy prime minister of Canada , Chrystia Freeland are also Rhodes Scholars . Other notable Rhodes Scholars include journalist and American television host Rachel Maddow , author Naomi Wolf , former 2020 presidential candidate and New Jersey senator Cory Booker , 2020 presidential candidate and former mayor of South Bend Pete Buttigieg , former president of Planned Parenthood Leana Wen , Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Ronan Farrow , and president of the Walmart Foundation Kathleen McLaughlin . The current Warden and CEO of the Rhodes Trust , Elizabeth Kiss , is also a Rhodes Scholar . Some people offered this scholarship have not accepted it , including Sir Alimuddin Zumla , who declined the scholarship as a teenager to study medicine ."}]}, {'value': 'Charles Homer Haskins', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charles_Homer_Haskins', 'summary': 'Charles Homer Haskins ( December 21 , 1870 - May 14 , 1937 ) was a history professor at Harvard University . He was an American historian of the Middle Ages , and advisor to U.S. President Woodrow Wilson . He is widely recognized as the first academic medieval historian in the United States .'}]}, {'value': 'Pennsylvania Beta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Allegheny_College', 'summary': 'Allegheny College is a private liberal arts college in Meadville , Pennsylvania . Founded in 1815 , Allegheny is the oldest college in continuous existence under the same name west of the Allegheny Mountains . It is a member of the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the North Coast Athletic Conference and it is regionally accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education .'}]}, {'value': '1883', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'One of three advisors to President Wilson at the Paris Peace Conference , 1919 , medieval historian at Harvard University ( 1912-1931 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson', 'summary': 'Thomas Woodrow Wilson ( December 28 , 1856 - February 3 , 1924 ) was an American politician , lawyer , and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921 . A member of the Democratic Party , Wilson served as the president of Princeton University and as the 34th governor of New Jersey before winning the 1912 presidential election . As president , he oversaw the passage of progressive legislative policies unparalleled until the New Deal in 1933 . He also led the United States into World War I in 1917 , establishing an activist foreign policy known as Wilsonianism . He was the leading architect of the League of Nations . Wilson spent his early years in the American South ( mainly in Augusta , Georgia ) during the Civil War and Reconstruction . After earning a Ph.D. in political science from Johns Hopkins University , Wilson taught at various schools before becoming the president of Princeton University . As governor of New Jersey from 1911 to 1913 , Wilson broke with party bosses and won the passage of several progressive reforms . His success in New Jersey gave him a national reputation as a progressive reformer , and he won the presidential nomination at the 1912 Democratic National Convention . Wilson defeated incumbent Republican President William Howard Taft and Progressive Party nominee Theodore Roosevelt to win the 1912 presidential election , becoming the first Southerner to be elected president since the American Civil War . During his first term , Wilson presided over the passage of his progressive New Freedom domestic agenda . His first major priority was the passage of the Revenue Act of 1913 , which lowered tariffs and implemented a federal income tax .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Paris_Peace_Conference,_1919', 'summary': "The Paris Peace Conference , also known as the Versailles Peace Conference , was the meeting in 1919 and 1920 of the victorious Allied Powers following the end of World War I to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers . The conference involved diplomats from 32 countries and nationalities , and its major decisions were the creation of the League of Nations , as well as the five peace treaties with the defeated states ; the awarding of German and Ottoman overseas possessions as mandates , chiefly to Britain and France ; the imposition of reparations upon Germany ; and the drawing of new national boundaries ( sometimes with plebiscites ) to better reflect ethnic boundaries . The main result was the Treaty of Versailles with Germany , which in section 231 laid the guilt for the war on the aggression of Germany and her allies . This provision proved humiliating for Germany and set the stage for the expensive reparations Germany was intended to pay ( it paid only a small portion before reparations ended in 1931 ) . The five major powers ( France , Britain , Italy , Japan and the United States ) controlled the Conference . The Big Four were French Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau , British Prime Minister David Lloyd George , US President Woodrow Wilson , and Italian Prime Minister Vittorio Emanuele Orlando . They met informally 145 times and made all the major decisions , which were then ratified . The conference began on 18 January 1919 . With respect to its end date , Professor Michael Neiberg has noted Although the senior statesmen stopped working personally on the conference in June 1919 , the formal peace process did not really end until July 1923 , when the Treaty of Lausanne was signed . Although it is often referred to as the Versailles Conference , only the signing of the first treaty took place at the historic palace , and the negotiations occurred at the Quai d'Orsay in Paris ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Harvard_University', 'summary': "Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge , Massachusetts , with about 6,800 undergraduate students and about 14,000 postgraduate students . Established in 1636 and named for its first benefactor , clergyman John Harvard , Harvard is the United States ' oldest institution of higher learning . Its history , influence , wealth , and academic reputation have made it one of the most prestigious universities in the world . The Harvard Corporation , chartered in 1650 , is the governing body of Harvard . In its early years , Harvard College primarily trained Congregational and Unitarian clergy , although it has never been formally affiliated with any denomination . Its curriculum and student body were gradually secularized during the 18th century , and by the 19th century , Harvard had emerged as the central cultural establishment among Boston elites . Following the American Civil War , President Charles W. Eliot 's long tenure ( 1869-1909 ) transformed the college and affiliated professional schools into a modern research university ; Harvard was a founding member of the Association of American Universities in 1900 . A. Lawrence Lowell , who succeeded Eliot , further reformed the undergraduate curriculum and undertook aggressive expansion of Harvard 's land holdings and physical campus . James Bryant Conant led the university through the Great Depression and World War II ; he began to liberalize admissions after the war . The university is organized into eleven principal academic units - ten faculties and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study - with campuses throughout Greater Boston : its 209-acre ( 85 ha ) original undergraduate campus is centered on Harvard Yard in Cambridge , approximately 3 miles ( 5 km ) northwest of Boston ; the business school and many athletics facilities , including Harvard Stadium , are across the Charles River in the Allston neighborhood of Boston ; and the medical , dental , and public health schools are in the Longwood Medical Area . Harvard 's endowment is worth $ 40.9 billion , making it the largest of any academic institution . Harvard is a large , highly residential research university ."}]}, {'value': 'Edmund J. James', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edmund_J._James', 'summary': "Edmund Janes James ( May 21 , 1855 - June 17 , 1925 ) was an American academic , president of the University of Illinois from 1904 to 1920 , and the primary founder , first president and first editor for the American Academy of Political and Social Science . James was born in Illinois and attended both Northwestern University and Harvard before receiving his doctorate in political economy from the University of Halle in 1877 . Upon his return to the United States he received an appointment as a high school principal . In 1883 , James was appointed at the University of Pennsylvania as professor of public finance and administration . It was there that he became the director of the Wharton School of Finance and Economy . While in Philadelphia , James organized the American Academy of Political and Social Science to foster research to help solve important social problems . In 1893 , James left Philadelphia to accept a professorship in public administration and directorship of the university 's extension program at the University of Chicago . In January 1902 , he accepted the presidency of Northwestern University , but quickly became disenchanted with the school 's lack of foresight:37 and began negotiations with the University of Illinois , where he became president in 1904 . In 1919 , James fell ill and took a leave of absence from the university . In 1920 , he permanently retired . :67"}]}, {'value': 'Illinois Alpha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northwestern_University', 'summary': "Northwestern University ( NU ) is a private research university based in Evanston , Illinois , with other campuses in Chicago and Doha , Qatar , and academic programs and facilities in Miami , Florida ; Washington , D.C. ; and San Francisco , California . Along with its selective undergraduate programs , Northwestern is known for its Kellogg School of Management , Pritzker School of Law , Feinberg School of Medicine , Bienen School of Music , Medill School of Journalism , Media , Integrated Marketing Communications , School of Communication , and McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science . Northwestern is a large research university with a comprehensive doctoral program , attracting nearly $ 800 million in sponsored research each year . As of January 2020 , Northwestern has the twelfth-largest university endowment in the United States , valued at $ 11.1 billion . The university 's former and present faculty and alumni include 19 Nobel Prize laureates , 38 Pulitzer Prize winners , six MacArthur Genius Fellows , 16 Rhodes Scholars , 65 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and two Supreme Court Justices . Northwestern 's School of Communication is a leading producer of Academy Award , Emmy Award and Tony Award-winning actors , actresses , playwrights , writers and directors . Northwestern was founded in 1851 by John Evans , for whom the city of Evanston is named , and eight other lawyers , businessmen and Methodist leaders . Its founding purpose was to serve the Old Northwest Territory , an area that includes the states of Ohio , Indiana , Illinois , Michigan , Wisconsin and parts of Minnesota . Instruction began in 1855 and women were admitted in 1869 . Today , the main campus is a 240-acre ( 97 ha ) parcel in Evanston , along the shores of Lake Michigan 12 miles north of downtown Chicago . The university 's law , medical , and professional schools , along with its nationally ranked affiliated Northwestern Memorial Hospital , are located on a 25-acre ( 10 ha ) campus in Chicago 's Streeterville neighborhood . In 2008 , the university opened a campus in Education City , Doha , Qatar with programs in journalism and communication ."}]}, {'value': '1879', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'President of the University of Illinois ( 1904-1920 ) ; founder and President of the American Academy of Political and Social Science ( 1889-1895 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Illinois_at_Urbana–Champaign', 'summary': 'The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ( U of I , Illinois , UIllinois , or colloquially the University of Illinois or UIUC ) is a public land-grant research university in Illinois in the twin cities of Champaign and Urbana . It is the flagship institution of the University of Illinois system and was founded in 1867 . The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign is a member of the Association of American Universities and is classified as a R1 Doctoral Research University under the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education , which denotes the highest research activity . In fiscal year 2017 , research expenditures at Illinois totaled $ 642 million . The campus library system possesses the second-largest university library in the United States by holdings after Harvard University . The university also hosts the National Center for Supercomputing Applications ( NCSA ) and is home to the fastest supercomputer on a university campus . The university contains 16 schools and colleges and offers more than 150 undergraduate and over 100 graduate programs of study . The university holds 651 buildings on 6,370 acres ( 2,578 ha ) and its annual operating budget in 2016 was over $ 2 billion . The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign also operates a Research Park home to innovation centers for over 90 start-up companies and multinational corporations , including Abbott , AbbVie , Caterpillar , Capital One , Dow , State Farm , and Yahoo , among others . As of October 2018 [ update ] , 30 Nobel laureates , 2 Turing Award winners , and 1 Fields medalist have been affiliated with the university as alumni , faculty members , or researchers .'}, {'url': '/wiki/American_Academy_of_Political_and_Social_Science', 'summary': 'The American Academy of Political and Social Science was founded in 1889 to promote progress in the social sciences . Sparked by Professor Edmund J. James and drawing from members of the faculty of the University of Pennsylvania , Swarthmore College , and Bryn Mawr College , the Academy sought to establish communication between scientific thought and practical effort . The goal of its founders was to foster , across disciplines , important questions in the realm of social sciences , and to promote the work of those whose research aimed to address important social problems . Today the AAPSS is headquartered at the Annenberg Public Policy Center at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia and aims to offer interdisciplinary perspectives on important social issues .'}]}, {'value': 'Timothy R. Lannon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Timothy_R._Lannon', 'summary': "Timothy Ryan Lannon , S.J . was the 24th president of Creighton University from July 1 , 2011 to January 20 , 2015 . He was previously the president of Saint Joseph 's University ."}]}, {'value': 'Nebraska Beta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Creighton_University', 'summary': "Creighton University is a private , Jesuit university in Omaha , Nebraska . Founded by the Society of Jesus in 1878 , the university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission . The university enrolls 8,393 graduate and undergraduate students on a 140-acre ( 57 ha ) campus just outside Omaha 's downtown business district ."}]}, {'value': '1970', 'urls': []}, {'value': "President of Creighton University ( 2011-2015 ) ; President of Saint Joseph 's University ( 2003-2011 )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Creighton_University', 'summary': "Creighton University is a private , Jesuit university in Omaha , Nebraska . Founded by the Society of Jesus in 1878 , the university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission . The university enrolls 8,393 graduate and undergraduate students on a 140-acre ( 57 ha ) campus just outside Omaha 's downtown business district ."}, {'url': "/wiki/Saint_Joseph's_University", 'summary': "Saint Joseph 's University ( SJU or St. Joe 's ) is a private Jesuit university in Philadelphia and Lower Merion , Pennsylvania . The university was founded by the Society of Jesus in 1851 as Saint Joseph 's College . Saint Joseph 's is the seventh oldest Jesuit university in the United States and one of 28 member institutions of the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities . Saint Joseph 's University educates over 9,200 undergraduate , graduate , and doctoral students each year through the Erivan K. Haub School of Business , the College of Arts and Sciences , the Program of Professional & Liberal Studies , and the Haub Degree Completion Program . The University offers over 60 undergraduate majors , 53 graduate programs , 28 study-abroad programs , 12 special-study options , a co-op program , a joint degree program with Thomas Jefferson University , and an Ed.D . in Educational Leadership . It has 17 centers and institutes , including the Kinney Center for Autism Education & Support and the Pedro Arrupe Center for Business Ethics . St. Joe 's athletics teams , the Hawks , are an NCAA Division I program , competing in the Atlantic-10 Conference and Philadelphia 's Big 5 . The official colors of the university are crimson and gray . The school mascot is the Hawk , which never stops flapping its wings while in costume ."}]}, {'value': 'Leverett S. Lyon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leverett_S._Lyon', 'summary': 'Leverett Samuel Lyon ( December 11 , 1885 - 1959 ) was an American economist , lawyer and business executive , known for his works on education , government , marketing , and economic life , and particularly on the National Recovery Administration .'}]}, {'value': 'Wisconsin Gamma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beloit_College', 'summary': 'Beloit College is a private liberal arts college in Beloit , Wisconsin . Founded in 1846 , while the state of Wisconsin was still a territory , it is the oldest continuously operated college in the state . It is a member of the Associated Colleges of the Midwest and has an enrollment of roughly 1,402 undergraduate students .'}]}, {'value': '1906', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Economist , lawyer , and business executive ; CEO of the Chicago Association of Commerce and Industry ( 1939-1954 ) ; Executive vice-president of the Brookings Institution ( 1932-1939 ) ; Dean of Washington University 's School of Commerce and Finance ( 1923-1925 ) ; 25th President of Phi Kappa Psi ( 1936-1938 )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brookings_Institution', 'summary': "The Brookings Institution is an American research group founded in 1916 on Think Tank Row in Washington , D.C . It conducts research and education in the social sciences , primarily in economics ( and tax policy ) , metropolitan policy , governance , foreign policy , global economy , and economic development . Its stated mission is to provide innovative and practical recommendations that advance three broad goals : strengthen American democracy ; foster the economic and social welfare , security and opportunity of all Americans ; and secure a more open , safe , prosperous , and cooperative international system . Brookings has five research programs at its Washington , D.C. campus ( Economic Studies , Foreign Policy , Governance Studies , Global Economy and Development , and Metropolitan Policy ) and three international centers based in Doha , Qatar ( Brookings Doha Center ) ; Beijing , China ( Brookings-Tsinghua Center for Public Policy ) ; and New Delhi , India ( Brookings India ) . The University of Pennsylvania 's Global Go To Think Tank Index Report has named Brookings Think Tank of the Year and Top Think Tank in the World every year since 2008 . The Economist describes Brookings as perhaps Americas most prestigious think-tank . Brookings states that its staff represent diverse points of view and describes itself as non-partisan , and various media outlets have alternately described Brookings as conservative , centrist or liberal . An academic analysis of Congressional records from 1993 to 2002 found that Brookings was referred to by conservative politicians almost as frequently as liberal politicians , earning a score of 53 on a 1-100 scale with 100 representing the most liberal score . The same study found Brookings to be the most frequently cited think tank by the U.S. media and politicians ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Washington_University_in_St._Louis', 'summary': 'Washington University in St. Louis ( WashU , or WUSTL ) is a private research university in Greater St. Louis with its main campus mostly in unincorporated St. Louis County , Missouri and Clayton , Missouri , its West Campus in Clayton , its North Campus in the West End neighborhood of St. Louis , Missouri , and its Medical Campus in the Central West End neighborhood of St. Louis , Missouri . Founded in 1853 , and named after George Washington , the university has students and faculty from all 50 U.S. states and more than 120 countries . As of 2017 , 24 Nobel laureates in economics , physiology and medicine , chemistry , and physics have been affiliated with Washington University , nine having done the major part of their pioneering research at the university . Washington University is made up of seven graduate and undergraduate schools that encompass a broad range of academic fields . To prevent confusion over its location , the Board of Trustees added the phrase in St. Louis in 1976 .'}]}, {'value': 'John McBryde', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_McLaren_McBryde', 'summary': "John McLaren McBryde ( January 1 , 1841 - March 20 , 1923 ) was the fifth president of Virginia Tech , serving from July 1 , 1891 to September 1 , 1907 . McBryde was born in Abbeville , South Carolina . He entered South Carolina College in 1858 at age 17 before going on to the University of Virginia . In 1861 , he returned to Abbeville where he joined the Confederate Army . McBryde was present at the opening bombardment of Fort Sumter , South Carolina and fought in a Virginia cavalry unit . He later served as division chief of the Confederate War Tax Office in Richmond Virginia . After the war until 1867 , McBryde farmed in Buckingham County , Virginia until he moved to large farm near Charlottesville , Virginia . McBryde then went to teach at South Carolina College where he served as faculty chair and then as president from 1883-1891 . McBryde also served as assistant Secretary of Agriculture under President Grover Cleveland . During McBryde 's 16-year tenure as President of Virginia Agriculture and Mechanical College , the college expanded greatly . McByrde expanded the curriculum to include seven bachelor 's degrees in Agriculture , Horticulture , Applied Chemistry , General Science , Civil Engineering , Mechanical Engineering , and Electrical Engineering and founded a graduate department in 1891 . The new curriculum no longer reflected the name of the college and in 1896 the Virginia General Assembly changed the college 's name to Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute , shortened in popular usage to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and then to VPI ."}]}, {'value': 'South Carolina Alpha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_South_Carolina', 'summary': "The University of South Carolina ( USC , UofSC , SC , or simply Carolina ) is a public research university in Columbia , South Carolina . It has seven satellite campuses throughout the state and its main campus covers over 359 acres ( 145 ha ) in downtown Columbia not far from the South Carolina State House . The university is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities with Highest Research Activity . It also houses the largest collection of Robert Burns and Scottish literature materials outside Scotland , and the world 's largest Ernest Hemingway collection . Founded in 1801 as South Carolina College , USC is the flagship institution of the University of South Carolina System and offers more than 350 programs of study , leading to bachelor 's , master 's , and doctoral degrees from fourteen degree-granting colleges and schools . The University of South Carolina has a total enrollment of approximately 52,000 students , with over 35,000 on the main Columbia campus as of fall 2019 - making it the largest university in the Carolinas . USC also has several thousand future students in feeder programs at surrounding technical colleges . Professional schools on the Columbia campus include business , engineering , law , medicine , pharmacy , and social work ."}]}, {'value': '1859', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'President of Virginia Tech ( 1891-1907 ) ; President of the University of South Carolina ( 1883-1891 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Virginia_Polytechnic_Institute_and_State_University', 'summary': "Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , commonly known as Virginia Tech and by the initials VT and VPI , is a public , land-grant , research university with its main campus in Blacksburg , Virginia . It also has educational facilities in six regions statewide and a study-abroad site in Riva San Vitale , Switzerland . Through its Corps of Cadets ROTC program , Virginia Tech is also designated as one of six senior military colleges in the United States . Virginia Tech offers 280 undergraduate and graduate degree programs to some 34,400 students and manages a research portfolio of $ 522 million , placing it 46th among universities in the U.S. for research expenditures and the only Virginia school listed among the top 50 . Virginia Tech is the state 's second-largest public university by enrollment . The deadliest mass shooting on an American college campus occurred on campus in 2007 , during which a student fatally shot 32 other students and faculty members and wounded 23 other people ."}, {'url': '/wiki/University_of_South_Carolina', 'summary': "The University of South Carolina ( USC , UofSC , SC , or simply Carolina ) is a public research university in Columbia , South Carolina . It has seven satellite campuses throughout the state and its main campus covers over 359 acres ( 145 ha ) in downtown Columbia not far from the South Carolina State House . The university is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities with Highest Research Activity . It also houses the largest collection of Robert Burns and Scottish literature materials outside Scotland , and the world 's largest Ernest Hemingway collection . Founded in 1801 as South Carolina College , USC is the flagship institution of the University of South Carolina System and offers more than 350 programs of study , leading to bachelor 's , master 's , and doctoral degrees from fourteen degree-granting colleges and schools . The University of South Carolina has a total enrollment of approximately 52,000 students , with over 35,000 on the main Columbia campus as of fall 2019 - making it the largest university in the Carolinas . USC also has several thousand future students in feeder programs at surrounding technical colleges . Professional schools on the Columbia campus include business , engineering , law , medicine , pharmacy , and social work ."}]}, {'value': 'Ernest Merritt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ernest_Merritt', 'summary': 'Ernest George Merritt ( April 28 , 1865 - June 5 , 1948 ) was Dean of the Graduate School , Cornell University ; Chair of the Physics Department .'}]}, {'value': 'New York Alpha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cornell_University', 'summary': "Cornell University ( /kɔːrˈnɛl/ kor-NEL ) is a private and statutory Ivy League research university in Ithaca , New York . Founded in 1865 by Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White , the university was intended to teach and make contributions in all fields of knowledge - from the classics to the sciences , and from the theoretical to the applied . These ideals , unconventional for the time , are captured in Cornell 's founding principle , a popular 1868 Ezra Cornell quotation : I would found an institution where any person can find instruction in any study . The university is broadly organized into seven undergraduate colleges and seven graduate divisions at its main Ithaca campus , with each college and division defining its own admission standards and academic programs in near autonomy . The university also administers two satellite medical campuses , one in New York City and one in Education City , Qatar , and Cornell Tech , a graduate program that incorporates technology , business , and creative thinking . The program moved from Google 's Chelsea Building in New York City to its permanent campus on Roosevelt Island in September 2017 . Cornell is one of ten private land grant universities in the United States and the only one in New York . [ note 1 ] Of its seven undergraduate colleges , three are state-supported statutory or contract colleges through the State University of New York ( SUNY ) system , including its agricultural and human ecology colleges as well as its industrial labor relations school . Of Cornell 's graduate schools , only the veterinary college is state-supported . As a land grant college , Cornell operates a cooperative extension outreach program in every county of New York and receives annual funding from the State of New York for certain educational missions . The Cornell University Ithaca Campus comprises 745 acres , but is much larger when the Cornell Botanic Gardens ( more than 4,300 acres ) and the numerous university-owned lands in New York City are considered . As of October 2019 , 59 Nobel laureates , four Turing Award winners and one Fields Medalist have been affiliated with Cornell University ."}]}, {'value': '1885', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Physicist ; chair of Cornell 's Physics department ( 1919-1935 ) ; president of the American Physical Society ( 1914-1916 ) ; first dean of Cornell 's Graduate School ( 1909-1914 ) ; co-founder of Physical Review ( 1893 )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cornell_University', 'summary': "Cornell University ( /kɔːrˈnɛl/ kor-NEL ) is a private and statutory Ivy League research university in Ithaca , New York . Founded in 1865 by Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White , the university was intended to teach and make contributions in all fields of knowledge - from the classics to the sciences , and from the theoretical to the applied . These ideals , unconventional for the time , are captured in Cornell 's founding principle , a popular 1868 Ezra Cornell quotation : I would found an institution where any person can find instruction in any study . The university is broadly organized into seven undergraduate colleges and seven graduate divisions at its main Ithaca campus , with each college and division defining its own admission standards and academic programs in near autonomy . The university also administers two satellite medical campuses , one in New York City and one in Education City , Qatar , and Cornell Tech , a graduate program that incorporates technology , business , and creative thinking . The program moved from Google 's Chelsea Building in New York City to its permanent campus on Roosevelt Island in September 2017 . Cornell is one of ten private land grant universities in the United States and the only one in New York . [ note 1 ] Of its seven undergraduate colleges , three are state-supported statutory or contract colleges through the State University of New York ( SUNY ) system , including its agricultural and human ecology colleges as well as its industrial labor relations school . Of Cornell 's graduate schools , only the veterinary college is state-supported . As a land grant college , Cornell operates a cooperative extension outreach program in every county of New York and receives annual funding from the State of New York for certain educational missions . The Cornell University Ithaca Campus comprises 745 acres , but is much larger when the Cornell Botanic Gardens ( more than 4,300 acres ) and the numerous university-owned lands in New York City are considered . As of October 2019 , 59 Nobel laureates , four Turing Award winners and one Fields Medalist have been affiliated with Cornell University ."}, {'url': '/wiki/American_Physical_Society', 'summary': "The American Physical Society ( APS ) publishes more than a dozen scientific journals , including the prestigious Physical Review and Physical Review Letters , and organizes more than twenty science meetings each year . APS is a member society of the American Institute of Physics . Kate Kirby is APS 's current chief executive officer . She took on the role on in February 2015 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Cornell_University_Graduate_School', 'summary': "The Cornell University Graduate School confers most professional and research master 's degrees and doctoral degrees in various fields of study for the university . The departments under which instruction and research take place are housed in Cornell 's other schools and colleges . The administrative offices for the Graduate School are located in Caldwell Hall , on the Ag Quad . For decades , the Graduate School was housed in Sage Hall which also included social areas and dormitory rooms for graduate students . The Graduate School does not have a faculty . Instead , it organizes the faculty of other colleges into fields representing distinct subject areas . Students apply for admission to a specific field , although once admitted , students are not limited to that field when selecting courses or faculty to serve of the committee supervising the student 's research . The Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management , Cornell Law School , and Cornell Veterinary School also confer graduate degrees , but not PhD degrees . The Weill Cornell Medical School and the Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program have authority to confer PhD degrees independent of the Graduate School . At one time , Cornell established a Graduate School of Aerospace Engineering and a Graduate School of Nutrition that were independent of the centralized Graduate School . However , both institutions have been absorbed into other academic units . As of 2009-2010 , the tuition for the Graduate School is $ 29,500 for fields in the endowed colleges and $ 20,800 for fields in the statutory colleges ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Physical_Review', 'summary': 'Physical Review is an American peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1893 by Edward Nichols . It publishes original research as well as scientific and literature reviews on all aspects of physics . It is published by the American Physical Society ( APS ) . The journal is in its third series , and is split in several sub-journals each covering a particular field of physics . It has a sister journal , Physical Review Letters , which publishes shorter articles of broader interest .'}]}, {'value': "Paul M. O'Leary", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/Paul_M._O'Leary", 'summary': "Paul Martin O'Leary ( November 29 , 1901 - December 25 , 1997 ) was an American economist and educator , and the first Dean of the S.C. Johnson Graduate School of Management . He served on the faculty of Cornell University from 1924 until 1967 , taking several leaves to join other economists from Eastern universities in Franklin D. Roosevelt 's brain trust . With John H. Patterson , he authored An Introduction to Money , Banking and Corporations in 1937 ."}]}, {'value': 'Kansas Alpha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Kansas', 'summary': "The University of Kansas ( KU ) is a public research university with its main campus in Lawrence , Kansas , and several satellite campuses , research and educational centers , medical centers , and classes across the state of Kansas . Two branch campuses are in the Kansas City metropolitan area on the Kansas side : the university 's medical school and hospital in Kansas City , the Edwards Campus in Overland Park , and a hospital and research center in the state 's capital of Topeka . There are also educational and research sites in Garden City , Hays , Leavenworth , Parsons , and Topeka , and branches of the medical school in Salina and Wichita . The university is a member of the Association of American Universities . Founded March 21 , 1865 , the university was opened in 1866 , under a charter granted by the Kansas State Legislature in 1864 and legislation passed in 1863 under the State Constitution , which was adopted two years after the 1861 admission of the former Kansas Territory as the 34th state into the Union . Disputes over Kansas ' establishment as a free or slaveholding state prior to admission to the union prompted an internal civil war known as Bleeding Kansas during the 1850s . Enrollment at the Lawrence and Edwards campuses was 28,401 students in 2016 ; an additional 3,383 students were enrolled at the KU Medical Center for an enrollment of 28,091 students across the three campuses . The university overall employed 2,814 faculty members in fall 2015 . Kansas 's athletic teams compete in NCAA Division I sports as the Jayhawks , as members of the Big 12 Conference . They field 16 varsity sports , as well as club-level sports for ice hockey , rugby , and men 's volleyball ."}]}, {'value': '1919', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Economist ; first dean of the Samuel Curtis Johnson Graduate School of Management ; member of Franklin D. Roosevelt 's Brain Trust", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Samuel_Curtis_Johnson_Graduate_School_of_Management', 'summary': "The Johnson School traces its beginnings to the university 's founding in 1865 . University co-founder Ezra Cornell proposed a Department of Trade and Commerce for the new university , which was a radical departure from the day 's conventional notions about higher education , as this proposal was made sixteen years before Joseph Wharton endowed the nation 's first collegiate business school at the University of Pennsylvania . At a university faculty meeting on October 2 , 1868 , Cornell co-founder and first president Andrew Dickson White , suggested the creation of a professorship in bookkeeping in the context of a larger proposal : the creation of a commercial college . In the meantime , the Agriculture College continued to have a Department of Agricultural Economics and the Arts College continued to have a Department of Economics . Formal movements towards a business school began in 1914 , when faculty in the NYS College of Agriculture ( which today offers an undergraduate business major ) convened the first meeting of the Committee on a Commercial College . Led by economics professor Allyn Young , the committee recommended the creation of a two-year graduate course leading to the Master 's degree in both business and public administration . Young had been trained at Harvard University , and the influence on the committee 's discussion of its business school 's creation only six years prior was apparent , as the committee 's recommendations included instruction for graduate students only , selectivity in admissions , and integration into the larger university community . The idea of a business school took a backseat to World War I and its effects on the Cornell population . Following the Armistice of 1918 , third university president Jacob Gould Schurman called for the establishment of such a school , which he estimated would require $ 1 million of initial funding . However , financial difficulties surrounding the Great Depression would further delay its creation ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt', 'summary': "Franklin Delano Roosevelt ( /ˈroʊzəvəlt/ , /-vɛlt/ ; January 30 , 1882 - April 12 , 1945 ) , often referred to by his initials FDR , was an American politician who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945 . A member of the Democratic Party , he won a record four presidential elections and became a central figure in world events during the first half of the 20th century . Roosevelt directed the federal government during most of the Great Depression , implementing his New Deal domestic agenda in response to the worst economic crisis in U.S. history . As a dominant leader of his party , he built the New Deal Coalition , which realigned American politics into the Fifth Party System and defined American liberalism throughout the middle third of the 20th century . His third and fourth terms were dominated by World War II , which ended shortly after he died in office . He is rated by scholars as one of the three greatest U.S. presidents , along with George Washington and Abraham Lincoln , but has also been subject to substantial criticism . Roosevelt was born in Hyde Park , New York , to a Dutch American family made well known by the reputation of Theodore Roosevelt , the 26th president of the United States , and William Henry Aspinwall . FDR graduated from Groton School and Harvard College and attended Columbia Law School but left after passing the bar exam to practice law in New York City . In 1905 , he married his fifth cousin once removed , Eleanor Roosevelt . They had six children , of whom five survived into adulthood . He won election to the New York State Senate in 1910 , and then served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy under President Woodrow Wilson during World War I. Roosevelt was James M. Cox 's running mate on the Democratic Party 's 1920 national ticket , but Cox was defeated by Republican Warren G. Harding . In 1921 , Roosevelt contracted a paralytic illness , believed at the time to be polio , and his legs became permanently paralyzed ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Brain_Trust', 'summary': 'Brain trust was a term that originally described a group of close advisers to a political candidate or incumbent ; these were often academics who were prized for their expertise in particular fields . The term is most associated with the group of advisers of Franklin Roosevelt during his presidential administration . More recently , however , the use of the term has expanded beyond politics to encompass any specialized group of advisers aligned to a decision maker .'}]}, {'value': 'John W. Oswald', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_W._Oswald', 'summary': 'John Wieland Oswald ( October 11 , 1917 - February 1 , 1995 ) was president of the University of Kentucky , executive vice president of the University of California , and President of the Pennsylvania State University .'}]}, {'value': 'Indiana Alpha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/DePauw_University', 'summary': 'DePauw University in Greencastle , Indiana , is a private liberal arts college with an enrollment of 1,972 students . The school has a Methodist heritage and was originally known as Indiana Asbury University . DePauw is a member of both the Great Lakes Colleges Association and the North Coast Athletic Conference . The Society of Professional Journalists was founded at DePauw .'}]}, {'value': '1935', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'President of Pennsylvania State University ( 1970-1983 ) ; Executive Vice President of the University of California ( 1968-1970 ) ; President of the University of Kentucky ( 1963-1968 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pennsylvania_State_University', 'summary': "The Pennsylvania State University ( Penn State or PSU ) is a state-related , land-grant , doctoral university with campuses and facilities throughout Pennsylvania . Founded in 1855 as the Farmers ' High School of Pennsylvania , Penn State conducts teaching , research , and public service . Its instructional mission includes undergraduate , graduate , professional and continuing education offered through resident instruction and online delivery . Its University Park campus , the flagship campus , lies within the Borough of State College and College Township . It has two law schools : Penn State Law , on the school 's University Park campus , and Dickinson Law , located in Carlisle , 90 miles south of State College . The College of Medicine is located in Hershey . Penn State has another 19 commonwealth campuses and 5 special mission campuses located across the state . Penn State has been labeled one of the Public Ivies , a publicly funded university considered as providing a quality of education comparable to those of the Ivy League . Annual enrollment at the University Park campus totals more than 46,800 graduate and undergraduate students , making it one of the largest universities in the United States . It has the world 's largest dues-paying alumni association . The university 's total enrollment in 2015-16 was approximately 97,500 across its 24 campuses and online through its World Campus . The university offers more than 160 majors among all its campuses ."}, {'url': '/wiki/University_of_California', 'summary': "The University of California ( UC ) is a public university system in the U.S. state of California . Under the California Master Plan for Higher Education , the University of California is a part of the state 's three-system public higher education plan , which also includes the California State University system and the California Community Colleges System . The University of California was founded on March 23 , 1868 , and operated in Oakland before moving to its campus in Berkeley in 1873 . In March 1951 , the University of California began to reorganize itself into something distinct from its campus at Berkeley , with Robert Gordon Sproul remaining in place as the first systemwide President , Clark Kerr becoming the first Chancellor of UC Berkeley , and Raymond B. Allen became the first Chancellor of UCLA . However , the 1951 reorganization was stalled by resistance from Sproul and his allies , and it was not until Kerr succeeded Sproul as President that UC was able to evolve into a system from 1957 to 1960 . In the 21st century , the University of California has 10 campuses , a combined student body of 280,380 students , 21,200 faculty members , 144,000 staff members and over 1.86 million living alumni , as governed by a semi-autonomous Board of Regents . Its tenth and newest campus in Merced opened in fall 2005 . Nine campuses enroll both undergraduate and graduate students ; one campus , UC San Francisco , enrolls only graduate and professional students in the medical and health sciences . In addition , the UC Hastings College of Law , located in San Francisco , is legally affiliated with UC , but other than sharing its name is entirely autonomous from the rest of the system . The University of California also manages or co-manages three national laboratories for the U.S. Department of Energy : Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ( LBNL ) , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory ( LLNL ) , and Los Alamos National Laboratory ( LANL ) . Collectively , the colleges , institutions , and alumni of the University of California make it the most comprehensive and advanced postsecondary educational system in the world , responsible for nearly $ 50 billion per year of economic impact . UC campuses have large numbers of distinguished faculty in almost every academic discipline , with UC faculty and researchers having won at least 62 Nobel Prizes as of 2017 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/University_of_Kentucky', 'summary': "The University of Kentucky ( UK ) is a public university in Lexington , Kentucky . Founded in 1865 by John Bryan Bowman as the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Kentucky , the university is one of the state 's two land-grant universities ( the other being Kentucky State University ) and the institution with the highest enrollment in the state , with 30,720 students as of Fall 2015 . The institution comprises 16 colleges , a graduate school , 93 undergraduate programs , 99 master programs , 66 doctoral programs , and four professional programs . [ needs update ] The University of Kentucky has fifteen libraries on campus . The largest is the William T. Young Library , a federal depository , hosting subjects related to social sciences , humanities , and life sciences collections . In recent years , the university has focused expenditures increasingly on research , following a compact formed by the Kentucky General Assembly in 1997 . The directive mandated that the university become a Top 20 public research institution , in terms of an overall ranking , to be determined by the university itself , by the year 2020 ."}]}, {'value': 'Boyd C. Patterson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boyd_Crumrine_Patterson', 'summary': "Boyd Crumrine Patterson was a mathematician and the ninth president of Washington & Jefferson College . Patterson was born in McKeesport , Pennsylvania , on April 23 , 1902 , and graduated from Washington and Jefferson College in 1923 , completing his studies in three years . He was a member of the well-known Crumrine family of Washington County and a third-generation W & J graduate . His father , John P. Patterson , was a member of W & J 's class of 1885 ; his grandfather , Boyd Crumrine , a noted local historian , was in Jefferson College 's class of 1860 . He was also a member of the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity . For graduate study , Boyd went to Johns Hopkins University where he studied inversive geometry with Frank Morley . In 1926 , he wrote a dissertation Differential Invariants of Inversive Geometry for his doctoral degree . Patterson returned to Washington & Jefferson College as a member of the faculty from 1926 to 1927 before taking a mathematics professorship at Hamilton College . Continuing to collaborate with Morley , they co-wrote a paper on algebraic inversive invariants in 1930 . In 1943 , Patterson became the chair of the mathematics department at Hamilton . In 1950 , he returned to W & J to assume its presidency . In that position , he oversaw curriculum revisions , updated admissions standards , and generally enhanced Washington and Jefferson 's reputation ."}]}, {'value': 'Pennsylvania Alpha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Greek_organizations_at_Washington_&_Jefferson_College', 'summary': 'Washington & Jefferson College is host to 10 Greek organizations and a significant percentage of the undergraduate student body is active in Greek life . With 43% of women and 40% of men of the student body participating in greek life , fraternities and sororities play a significant role in student life at W & J . The Princeton Review named Washington & Jefferson College 12th on their 2010 list of Major Frat and Sorority Scene in the United States . As of 2010 , the Office of Fraternity & Sorority Life recognized 6 fraternities , Alpha Tau Omega , Beta Theta Pi , Delta Tau Delta , Phi Delta Theta , Phi Gamma Delta , and Phi Kappa Psi , and four sororities , Delta Gamma , Kappa Alpha Theta , Kappa Kappa Gamma , and Pi Beta Phi . The fraternities are governed by a local Interfraternal Council and the sororities are governed by a local Panhellenic Council , while the Greek Judiciary manages broad policy violations at the chapter-level . All Greek organizations occupy College-owned houses on Chestnut Street on campus . All members of fraternities and sororities must pay the $ 100 Greek Membership Fee , a levy designed to fund leadership seminars and other educational events for Greeks . During the 19th century , three national fraternities were founded at Jefferson College ; thus , the two surviving organizations , Phi Gamma Delta and Phi Kappa Psi are collectively known as the Jefferson Duo . A third fraternity was founded at Jefferson College , Kappa Phi Lambda , but it dissolved after a decade of existence amid a dispute between chapters . In 1874 , a fourth fraternity was founded at W & J , the short-lived Phi Delta Kappa . The new fraternity grew to several chapters before falling apart in 1880 .'}]}, {'value': '1921', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'President of Washington & Jefferson College ( 1950-1970 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Washington_&_Jefferson_College', 'summary': "Washington & Jefferson College ( W & J College or W & J ) is a private liberal arts college in Washington , Pennsylvania . The college traces its origin to three log cabin colleges in Washington County established by three Presbyterian missionaries to the American frontier in the 1780s : John McMillan , Thaddeus Dod , and Joseph Smith . These early schools eventually grew into two competing academies , with Jefferson College located in Canonsburg and Washington College located in Washington . The two colleges merged in 1865 to form Washington & Jefferson College . The 60 acre ( 0.2 km2 ) campus has more than 40 buildings , with the oldest dating to 1793 . The college 's academic emphasis is on the liberal arts and the sciences , with a focus on preparing students for graduate and professional schools . Campus activities include various religious , political , and general interest clubs , as well as academic and professional-themed organizations . The college has a strong history of competing literary societies , dating back before the union of Jefferson and Washington Colleges . Students operate a college radio station , a campus newspaper , and a literary journal . The athletic program competes in NCAA Division III . The football team has been particularly successful over its history , even competing in the 1922 Rose Bowl . A large majority of students participate in intramural athletics ."}]}, {'value': 'Edwin W. Pauley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edwin_W._Pauley', 'summary': 'Edwin Wendell Pauley Sr. ( January 7 , 1903 - July 28 , 1981 ) was an American businessman and political leader .'}]}, {'value': 'California Gamma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley', 'summary': 'The University of California , Berkeley ( UC Berkeley , Berkeley , Cal , or California ) is a public research university in Berkeley , California . Founded in 1868 , it is the flagship campus and the oldest of the ten campuses of the University of California . Berkeley has been ranked by numerous major education publications as among the top ten universities in the world . Berkeley is one of the 14 founding members of the Association of American Universities and had $ 789 million in R & D expenditures in the fiscal year ending June 30 , 2015 . Today , Berkeley maintains close relationships with three United States Department of Energy National Laboratories - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Los Alamos National Laboratory - and is home to many institutes , including the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute and the Space Sciences Laboratory . Through its partner institution University of California , San Francisco ( UCSF ) , Berkeley also offers a joint medical program at the UCSF Medical Center . As of October 2019 [ update ] , Berkeley alumni , faculty members and researchers include 107 Nobel laureates , the third most of any university worldwide , as well as 25 Turing Award winners , and 14 Fields Medalists . They have also won 19 Wolf Prizes , 45 MacArthur Fellowships , 20 Academy Awards , 19 Pulitzer Prizes , and 207 Olympic medals . In 1930 , Ernest Lawrence invented the cyclotron at Berkeley , based on which UC Berkeley researchers along with Berkeley Lab have discovered or co-discovered 16 chemical elements - more than any other university . During the 1940s , Berkeley physicist J. R. Oppenheimer , the Father of the Atomic Bomb , led the Manhattan project to create the first atomic bomb . In the 1960s , Berkeley was particularly noted for the Free Speech Movement as well as the anti-Vietnam War movement led by its students . In the 21st century , Berkeley has become one of the leading universities in producing entrepreneurs and its alumni have founded or co-founded many companies worldwide , including five classified as Fortune 500 Companies as of 2017 .'}]}, {'value': '1920', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of California Regent ( 1940-1972 ) ; Democratic National Committee Treasurer ( 1930s-1940s ) ; namesake of the Pauley Pavilion ( sports arena at UCLA )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Regents_of_the_University_of_California', 'summary': 'The Regents of the University of California is the governing board of the University of California . The board has 26 voting members . The California Constitution grants broad institutional autonomy , with limited exceptions , to the Regents . According to article IX , section 9 , subsection ( f ) , [ t ] he university shall be entirely independent of all political or sectarian influence and kept free therefrom in the appointment of its regents and in the administration of its affairs . Administrative support is provided to the Regents by the Office of the Secretary and Chief of Staff of the Regents of the University of California , which shares an office building with the UC Office of the President in Oakland . [ citation needed ] In May 2017 , The San Francisco Chronicle reported that the Regents had been hosting costly dinner parties using university funds . After extensive public outcry , university leadership released a statement saying the university would no longer fund these dinners .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Democratic_National_Committee', 'summary': "The Democratic National Committee ( DNC ) is the governing body for the United States Democratic Party . The committee coordinates strategy to support Democratic Party candidates throughout the country for local , state , and national office . It organizes the Democratic National Convention held every four years to nominate and confirm a candidate for President of the United States , and to formulate the party platform . While it provides support for party candidates , it does not have direct authority over elected officials . Its chair is elected by the committee . It conducts fundraising to support its activities . The DNC was established at the 1848 Democratic National Convention . The DNC 's main counterpart is the Republican National Committee ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Pauley_Pavilion', 'summary': "Edwin W. Pauley Pavilion , commonly known as Pauley Pavilion , is an indoor arena located in the Westwood Village district of Los Angeles , California , on the campus of UCLA . It is home to the UCLA Bruins men 's and women 's basketball teams . The men 's and women 's volleyball and women 's gymnastics teams also compete here . The building , designed by architect Welton Becket , was dedicated in June 1965 , named for University of California Regent Edwin W. Pauley , who had matched the alumni contributions . Pauley donated almost one fifth of the more than $ 5 million spent in constructing the arena . The arena was renovated in 2010-12 and was reopened on November 9 , 2012 when it hosted a men 's basketball game against Indiana State ."}, {'url': '/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles', 'summary': "The University of California , Los Angeles ( UCLA ) is a public research university in Los Angeles . It became the Southern Branch of the University of California in 1919 , making it the fourth-oldest ( after UC Berkeley , UC San Francisco , and UC Davis ) of the 10-campus University of California system and oldest of the campuses in Southern California . It offers 337 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines . UCLA enrolls about 31,500 undergraduate and 12,800 graduate students and had 119,000 applicants for Fall 2016 , including transfer applicants , making the school the most applied-to of any American university . The university is organized into six undergraduate colleges , seven professional schools , and four professional health science schools . The undergraduate colleges are the College of Letters and Science ; Samueli School of Engineering ; School of the Arts and Architecture ; Herb Alpert School of Music ; School of Theater , Film and Television ; and School of Nursing . As of 2017 [ update ] , 24 Nobel laureates , three Fields Medalists , and five Turing Award winners , and two Chief Scientists of the U.S. Air Force have been affiliated with UCLA as faculty , researchers , or alumni . Among the current faculty members , 55 have been elected to the National Academy of Sciences , 28 to the National Academy of Engineering , 39 to the Institute of Medicine , and 124 to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences . The university was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1974 . UCLA is considered one of the country 's Public Ivy universities , meaning that it is a public university thought to provide a quality of education comparable with that of the Ivy League . US News & World Report named UCLA the best public university in the United States for 2019 . UCLA student-athletes compete as the Bruins in the Pac-12 Conference ."}]}, {'value': 'John P. Schlegel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_P._Schlegel', 'summary': 'John P. Schlegel , S.J . ( July 30 , 1943 - November 15 , 2015 ) was the 23rd President of Creighton University from 2000 to 2011 . He formerly served as 26th President of the University of San Francisco from 1991 until 2000 .'}]}, {'value': 'Nebraska Beta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Creighton_University', 'summary': "Creighton University is a private , Jesuit university in Omaha , Nebraska . Founded by the Society of Jesus in 1878 , the university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission . The university enrolls 8,393 graduate and undergraduate students on a 140-acre ( 57 ha ) campus just outside Omaha 's downtown business district ."}]}, {'value': '1979', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'President of Creighton University ( 2000-2011 ) ; President of the University of San Francisco ( 1991-2000 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Creighton_University', 'summary': "Creighton University is a private , Jesuit university in Omaha , Nebraska . Founded by the Society of Jesus in 1878 , the university is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission . The university enrolls 8,393 graduate and undergraduate students on a 140-acre ( 57 ha ) campus just outside Omaha 's downtown business district ."}, {'url': '/wiki/University_of_San_Francisco', 'summary': "The University of San Francisco ( USF ) is a private Jesuit university in San Francisco , California . The school 's main campus is located on a 55-acre ( 22 ha ) setting between the Golden Gate Bridge and Golden Gate Park . The main campus is nicknamed The Hilltop , and part of the main campus is located on Lone Mountain , one of San Francisco 's major geographical features . Its close historical ties with the City and County of San Francisco are reflected in the university 's traditional motto , Pro Urbe et Universitate ( For the City and University ) ."}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Phi_Kappa_Psi_brothers_0', 'intro': "Phi Kappa Psi (ΦΚΨ), also called Phi Psi, is an American collegiate social fraternity founded at Jefferson College in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania on February 19, 1852. There are over a hundred chapters and colonies at accredited four year colleges and universities throughout the United States. More than 112,000 men have been initiated into Phi Kappa Psi since its founding, and many have achieved recognition in their field. Phi Psis in public service include U.S. President and Nobel Peace Prize recipient Woodrow Wilson, over a hundred members of Congress (including 18 senators and Speaker of the House Warren Keifer), three-term New York City Mayor and Bloomberg L.P. founder Mike Bloomberg, over a dozen state governors, two directors of the Peace Corps, and Wild Bill Donovan, the founding director of the Office of Strategic Services (the Central Intelligence Agency's predecessor) and recipient of the Medal of Honor and of the Freedom Award. Academian Phi Psis include over a dozen university presidents (among these are Priestley Medal recipient Edgar Fahs Smith, and Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient Detlev Bronk), Rhodes scholars, and Pulitzer Prize-winning historian Frederick Jackson Turner. Amidst the Phi Psis who have served in the military are dozens of generals and admirals, including Father of the U.S. Air Force Billy Mitchell, World War I Army Chief of Staff Tasker Bliss, National Security Agency director Kenneth Minihan, and three Judge Advocate Generals. In the arts, Phi Psis have received Academy Awards, Emmys, Golden Globes, Grammys, and Tony Awards. Journalist Sy Hersh has won the Pulitzer Prize, Orwell Award and George Polk Award. Phi Psi businessmen include Bank of America founder Orra E. Monnette, Dow Chemical founder Herbert Dow, PIMCO founder Bill Gross, and Yahoo! founder Jerry Yang. Three Phi Psis have served as presidents of the American Bar Association. Sportsmen include Heisman Trophy winner Nile Kinnick, Olympic gold medalists including 7-time gold swimmer Mark Spitz, Father of College Basketball Coaching Phog Allen, NFL visionary Tex Schramm, and Commissioner of Baseball Ford Frick."}
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What was the initiation year of the president of the University of Illinois from 1904 to 1920 ?
1879
04dda154c3a7ec5b
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discus_throw', 'title': 'Discus throw', 'header': ['Year', 'Distance', 'Athlete', 'Location'], 'data': [{'value': '1968', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1968_in_athletics_(track_and_field)', 'summary': 'While the most notable story coming out of 1968 was Socio-Political , politics involved with the Olympics was not something unique to this year . However , the year marked the beginning of several emerging elements of contemporary Track and Field .'}]}, {'value': '62.54 m ( 205 ft 2 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Liesel Westermann ( FRG )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liesel_Westermann', 'summary': "Lieselotte Liesel Westermann-Krieg ( born Westermann on 2 November 1944 ) is a retired German discus thrower . She held the world record from 5 November 1967 to 12 August 1971 , with a two-months break in 1968 . She competed for West Germany at the 1968 and 1972 Olympics and finished in second and fifth place , respectively . She won silver medals at the 1966 and 1971 European championships . For her athletics achievements Westermann was selected as the German Sportspersonality of the year in 1967 and 1969 , and inducted into the Germany 's Sports Hall of Fame in 2011 . After retiring from competitions Westermann worked as a teacher of physical education , eventually becoming a consultant for sports and health education with the Ministry for Science and Culture of Lower Saxony . An avid opponent of doping ( she was once described as the last undoped discus world record holder ) she was a member of the Anti-Doping Commission of the German Sports Federation and the National Olympic Committee . Westermann is married and has four children . As a member of the Free Democratic Party she unsuccessfully contested district elections in 1984 ."}]}, {'value': 'Werdohl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Werdohl', 'summary': 'Werdohl is a town in the district Märkischer Kreis , in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany .'}]}, {'value': '1969', 'urls': []}, {'value': '63.96 m ( 209 ft 10 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Liesel Westermann ( FRG )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Liesel_Westermann', 'summary': "Lieselotte Liesel Westermann-Krieg ( born Westermann on 2 November 1944 ) is a retired German discus thrower . She held the world record from 5 November 1967 to 12 August 1971 , with a two-months break in 1968 . She competed for West Germany at the 1968 and 1972 Olympics and finished in second and fifth place , respectively . She won silver medals at the 1966 and 1971 European championships . For her athletics achievements Westermann was selected as the German Sportspersonality of the year in 1967 and 1969 , and inducted into the Germany 's Sports Hall of Fame in 2011 . After retiring from competitions Westermann worked as a teacher of physical education , eventually becoming a consultant for sports and health education with the Ministry for Science and Culture of Lower Saxony . An avid opponent of doping ( she was once described as the last undoped discus world record holder ) she was a member of the Anti-Doping Commission of the German Sports Federation and the National Olympic Committee . Westermann is married and has four children . As a member of the Free Democratic Party she unsuccessfully contested district elections in 1984 ."}]}, {'value': 'Hamburg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hamburg', 'summary': "Hamburg ( English : /ˈhæmbɜːrɡ/ , German : [ ˈhambʊʁk ] ( listen ) , locally also [ ˈhambʊɪ̯ç ] ( listen ) [ ˈhambɔːχ ] ; Low Saxon : Hamborg ) , officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg ( German : Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg ; Low Saxon : Friee un Hansestadt Hamborg ) , is the second-largest city in Germany after Berlin and 7th largest city in the European Union with a population of over 1.84 million . One of Germany 's 16 federal states , it is surrounded by Schleswig-Holstein to the north and Lower Saxony to the south . The city 's metropolitan region is home to more than five million people . Hamburg lies on the River Elbe and two of its tributaries , the River Alster and the River Bille . The official name reflects Hamburg 's history as a member of the medieval Hanseatic League and a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire . Before the 1871 Unification of Germany , it was a fully sovereign city state , and before 1919 formed a civic republic headed constitutionally by a class of hereditary grand burghers or Hanseaten . Beset by disasters such as the Great Fire of Hamburg , North Sea flood of 1962 and military conflicts including World War II bombing raids , the city has managed to recover and emerge wealthier after each catastrophe . Hamburg is Europe 's third-largest port . Major regional broadcaster NDR , the printing and publishing firm Gruner + Jahr and the newspapers Der Spiegel and Die Zeit are based in the city . Hamburg is the seat of Germany 's oldest stock exchange and the world 's oldest merchant bank , Berenberg Bank . Media , commercial , logistical , and industrial firms with significant locations in the city include multinationals Airbus , Blohm + Voss , Aurubis , Beiersdorf , and Unilever . The city hosts specialists in world economics and international law , including consular and diplomatic missions as the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea , the EU-LAC Foundation , and the UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning , multipartite international political conferences and summits such as Europe and China and the G20 ."}]}, {'value': '1970', 'urls': []}, {'value': '63.66 m ( 208 ft 10 ⁄ 4 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Karin Illgen ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karin_Illgen', 'summary': "Karin Illgen ( born 7 April 1941 in Greifswald , Mecklenburg-Vorpommern ) is a female discus thrower , who competed for East Germany during her career . She represented East Germany at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City , finishing in tenth place in the overall-rankings . Illgen is best known for winning the gold medal in the women 's discus event at the 1970 Summer Universiade in Torino . She also participated at the 1971 European Championships in Athletics , but was eliminated in the qualification round . She continues to throw in masters athletics ."}]}, {'value': 'Leipzig', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leipzig', 'summary': "Leipzig ( /ˈlaɪpsɪɡ/ , also US : /- ( t ) sɪk/ , German : [ ˈlaɪptsɪç ] ( listen ) ; Upper and Lower Sorbian : Lipsk ; Upper Saxon : Leibzsch ) is the most populous city in the German federal state of Saxony . With a population of 600,000 inhabitants as of 2019 ( 1.1 million residents in the larger urban zone ) , it is Germany 's eighth most populous city as well as the second most populous city in the area of former East Germany after ( East ) Berlin . Together with Halle ( Saale ) , the largest city of the neighbouring state of Saxony-Anhalt , the city forms the polycentric conurbation of Leipzig-Halle . Between the two cities ( in Schkeuditz ) lies Leipzig/Halle International Airport . Leipzig is located about 160 kilometres ( 99 mi ) southwest of Berlin in the Leipzig Bay , which constitutes the southernmost part of the North German Plain , at the confluence of the White Elster River ( progression : Saale→ Elbe→ North Sea ) and two of its tributaries : the Pleiße and the Parthe . The name of the city as well as the names of many of its boroughs are of Slavic origin . Leipzig has been a trade city since at least the time of the Holy Roman Empire . The city sits at the intersection of the Via Regia and the Via Imperii , two important medieval trade routes . Leipzig was once one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing . After the Second World War and during the period of the German Democratic Republic ( East Germany ) Leipzig remained a major urban centre in East German terms , but its cultural and economic importance declined . Events in Leipzig in 1989 played a significant role in precipitating the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe , mainly through demonstrations starting from St. Nicholas Church . The immediate effects of the reunification of Germany included the collapse of the local economy , which had come to depend on highly polluting heavy industry , severe unemployment , and urban blight ."}]}, {'value': '1971', 'urls': []}, {'value': '64.88 m ( 212 ft 10 ⁄ 4 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Faina Melnik ( URS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Faina_Melnik', 'summary': 'Faina Grigorievna Melnik ( Russian : Фаина Григорьевна Велева-Мельник , Ukrainian : Фаїна Григорівна Мельник ( Faina Hryhorivna Melnyk ) ; 9 June 1945 - 16 December 2016 ) was a Soviet discus thrower , a 1972 Summer Olympics champion in the discus event . During her career she set 11 world records .'}]}, {'value': 'Munich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Munich', 'summary': "Munich ( /ˈmjuːnɪk/ MEW-nik ; German : München [ ˈmʏnçn̩ ] ( listen ) ; Austro-Bavarian : Minga [ ˈmɪŋ ( ː ) ɐ ] ; Latin : Monachium ) is the capital and most populous city of Bavaria , the second most populous German federal state . With a population of around 1.5 million , it is the third-largest city in Germany , after Berlin and Hamburg , and thus the largest which does not constitute its own state , as well as the 11th-largest city in the European Union . The city 's metropolitan region is home to 6 million people . Straddling the banks of the River Isar ( a tributary of the Danube ) north of the Bavarian Alps , it is the seat of the Bavarian administrative region of Upper Bavaria , while being the most densely populated municipality in Germany ( 4,500 people per km² ) . Munich is the second-largest city in the Bavarian dialect area , after the Austrian capital of Vienna , Munich was one of the host cities of the official tournament of the 2006 FIFA World Cup . The city is a global centre of art , science , technology , finance , publishing , culture , innovation , education , business , and tourism and enjoys a very high standard and quality of living , reaching first in Germany and third worldwide according to the 2018 Mercer survey , and being rated the world 's most liveable city by the Monocle 's Quality of Life Survey 2018 . According to the Globalization and World Rankings Research Institute Munich is considered an alpha-world city , as of 2015 [ update ] . Munich is a major international center of engineering , science , innovation , and research , exemplified by the presence of two research universities , a multitude of scientific institutions in the city and its surroundings , and world class technology and science museums like the Deutsches Museum and BMW Museum . Munich houses many multinational companies and its economy is based on high tech , automobiles , the service sector and creative industries , as well as IT , biotechnology , engineering and electronics among many others . The name of the city is derived from the Old/Middle High German term Munichen , meaning by the monks . It derives from the monks of the Benedictine order , who ran a monastery at the place that was later to become the Old Town of Munich ; hence the monk depicted on the city 's coat of arms . Munich was first mentioned in 1158 ."}]}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': '67.32 m ( 220 ft 10 ⁄ 4 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Argentina Menis ( ROM )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Argentina_Menis', 'summary': 'Argentina Menis ( born 19 July 1948 ) is a retired Romanian discus thrower who won silver medals at the 1972 Olympics and 1974 European Athletics Championships . She finished sixth at the 1976 Olympics . On 23 September 1972 she set a world record that stood for eight months . After retiring from competitions she worked at her club Dinamo București .'}]}, {'value': 'Constanta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Constanta', 'summary': 'Constanța ( UK : /kɒnˈstæntsə/ , US : /kənˈstɑːn ( t ) sə/ , Romanian : [ konˈstantsa ] ( listen ) ; Greek : Κωνστάντζα , romanized : Kōnstántza , or Κωνστάντια Kōnstántia ; Bulgarian : Кюстенджа , romanized : Kjustendža , or Констанца Konstanca ; Turkish : Köstence ) , historically known as Tomis ( Ancient Greek : Τόμις ) , is the oldest continuously inhabited city in Romania . It was founded around 600 BC . The city is located in the Northern Dobruja region of Romania , on the Black Sea coast . It is the capital of Constanța County and the largest city in the region of Dobruja . As of the 2011 census , Constanța has a population of 283,872 , making it the fifth most populous city in Romania . The Constanța metropolitan area includes 14 localities within 30 km ( 19 mi ) of the city , and with a total population of 425,916 inhabitants , it is one of the largest metropolitan areas in Romania . The Port of Constanța has an area of 39.26 km2 ( 15.16 sq mi ) and a length of about 30 km ( 19 mi ) . [ citation needed ] It is the largest port on the Black Sea , and one of the largest ports in Europe .'}]}, {'value': '1973', 'urls': []}, {'value': '69.48 m ( 227 ft 11 ⁄ 4 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Faina Melnik ( URS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Faina_Melnik', 'summary': 'Faina Grigorievna Melnik ( Russian : Фаина Григорьевна Велева-Мельник , Ukrainian : Фаїна Григорівна Мельник ( Faina Hryhorivna Melnyk ) ; 9 June 1945 - 16 December 2016 ) was a Soviet discus thrower , a 1972 Summer Olympics champion in the discus event . During her career she set 11 world records .'}]}, {'value': 'Edinburgh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edinburgh', 'summary': "Edinburgh ( /ˈɛdɪnbərə/ ( listen ) ; Scots : Edinburgh ; Scottish Gaelic : Dùn Èideann [ ˈt̪uːn ˈeːtʲən̪ˠ ] ) is the capital of Scotland and one of its 32 council areas . Historically part of the county of Midlothian ( interchangeably Edinburghshire before 1921 ) , it is located in Lothian on the Firth of Forth 's southern shore . Recognised as the capital of Scotland since at least the 15th century , Edinburgh is the seat of the Scottish Government , the Scottish Parliament and the supreme courts of Scotland . The city 's Palace of Holyroodhouse is the official residence of the monarch in Scotland . The city has long been a centre of education , particularly in the fields of medicine , Scots law , literature , philosophy , the sciences and engineering . It is the second largest financial centre in the United Kingdom ( after London ) and the city 's historical and cultural attractions have made it the United Kingdom 's second most popular tourist destination attracting 1.75 million visits from overseas in 2016 . Edinburgh is Scotland 's second most populous city and the seventh most populous in the United Kingdom . The official population estimates are 488,050 ( 2016 ) for the Locality of Edinburgh ( Edinburgh pre 1975 regionalisation plus Currie and Balerno ) , 518,500 ( 2018 ) for the City of Edinburgh , and 1,339,380 ( 2014 ) for the city region . Edinburgh lies at the heart of the Edinburgh and South East Scotland city region comprising East Lothian , Edinburgh , Fife , Midlothian , Scottish Borders and West Lothian . The city is the annual venue of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland . It is home to national institutions such as the National Museum of Scotland , the National Library of Scotland and the Scottish National Gallery . The University of Edinburgh , founded in 1582 and now one of four in the city , is placed 20th in the QS World University Rankings for 2020 ."}]}, {'value': '1974', 'urls': []}, {'value': '69.90 m ( 229 ft 3 ⁄ 4 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Faina Melnik ( URS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Faina_Melnik', 'summary': 'Faina Grigorievna Melnik ( Russian : Фаина Григорьевна Велева-Мельник , Ukrainian : Фаїна Григорівна Мельник ( Faina Hryhorivna Melnyk ) ; 9 June 1945 - 16 December 2016 ) was a Soviet discus thrower , a 1972 Summer Olympics champion in the discus event . During her career she set 11 world records .'}]}, {'value': 'Prague', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prague', 'summary': "Prague ( /prɑːɡ/ ; Czech : Praha [ ˈpraɦa ] ( listen ) , German : Prag , Latin : Praga ) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic , the 13th largest city in the European Union and the historical capital of Bohemia . Situated on the Vltava river , Prague is home to about 1.3 million people , while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of 2.6 million . The city has a temperate oceanic climate , with relatively warm summers and chilly winters . Prague is a political , cultural and economic centre of central Europe complete with a rich history . Founded during the Romanesque and flourishing by the Gothic , Renaissance and Baroque eras , Prague was the capital of the Kingdom of Bohemia and the main residence of several Holy Roman Emperors , most notably of Charles IV ( r. 1346-1378 ) . It was an important city to the Habsburg Monarchy and its Austro-Hungarian Empire . The city played major roles in the Bohemian and Protestant Reformation , the Thirty Years ' War and in 20th-century history as the capital of Czechoslovakia between the World Wars and the post-war Communist era . Prague is home to a number of well-known cultural attractions , many of which survived the violence and destruction of 20th-century Europe . Main attractions include Prague Castle , Charles Bridge , Old Town Square with the Prague astronomical clock , the Jewish Quarter , Petřín hill and Vyšehrad . Since 1992 , the extensive historic centre of Prague has been included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites . The city has more than ten major museums , along with numerous theatres , galleries , cinemas and other historical exhibits . An extensive modern public transportation system connects the city ."}]}, {'value': '1975', 'urls': []}, {'value': '70.20 m ( 230 ft 3 ⁄ 4 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Faina Melnik ( URS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Faina_Melnik', 'summary': 'Faina Grigorievna Melnik ( Russian : Фаина Григорьевна Велева-Мельник , Ukrainian : Фаїна Григорівна Мельник ( Faina Hryhorivna Melnyk ) ; 9 June 1945 - 16 December 2016 ) was a Soviet discus thrower , a 1972 Summer Olympics champion in the discus event . During her career she set 11 world records .'}]}, {'value': 'Zürich', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zürich', 'summary': "Zürich ( German : Zürich ; French : Zurich ; Italian : Zurigo ; Romansh : Turitg ) is the largest city in Switzerland and the capital of the canton of Zürich . It is located in north-central Switzerland at the northwestern tip of Lake Zürich . The municipality has approximately 430,000 inhabitants , the urban area ( agglomeration ) 1.315 million and the Zürich metropolitan area 1.83 million . Zürich is a hub for railways , roads , and air traffic . Both Zurich Airport and railway station are the largest and busiest in the country . Permanently settled for over 2,000 years , Zürich was founded by the Romans , who , in 15 BC , called it Turicum . However , early settlements have been found dating back more than 6,400 years ( although this only indicates human presence in the area and not the presence of a town that early ) . During the Middle Ages , Zürich gained the independent and privileged status of imperial immediacy and , in 1519 , became a primary centre of the Protestant Reformation in Europe under the leadership of Huldrych Zwingli . The official language of Zürich is German , [ a ] but the main spoken language is the local variant of the Alemannic Swiss German dialect , Zürich German . Many museums and art galleries can be found in the city , including the Swiss National Museum , the Kunsthaus and newer Theater 11 in Oerlikon . Schauspielhaus Zürich is one of the most important theatres in the German-speaking world . Zürich is among the world 's largest financial centres despite having a relatively small population ."}]}, {'value': '1976', 'urls': []}, {'value': '70.50 m ( 231 ft 3 ⁄ 2 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Faina Melnik ( URS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Faina_Melnik', 'summary': 'Faina Grigorievna Melnik ( Russian : Фаина Григорьевна Велева-Мельник , Ukrainian : Фаїна Григорівна Мельник ( Faina Hryhorivna Melnyk ) ; 9 June 1945 - 16 December 2016 ) was a Soviet discus thrower , a 1972 Summer Olympics champion in the discus event . During her career she set 11 world records .'}]}, {'value': 'Sochi', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sochi', 'summary': "Sochi ( Russian : Со́чи , IPA : [ ˈsotɕɪ ] ( listen ) ) is a city in Krasnodar Krai , Russia , located on the Black Sea coast near the border between Georgia/Abkhazia and Russia . The Greater Sochi area , which includes territories and localities subordinated to Sochi proper , has a total area of 3,526 square kilometers ( 1,361 sq mi ) and sprawls for 145 kilometers ( 90 mi ) along the shores of the Black Sea near the Caucasus Mountains . [ citation needed ] The area of the city proper is 176.77 square kilometers ( 68.25 sq mi ) . According to the 2010 Census , the city had a permanent population of 343,334 , up from 328,809 recorded in the 2002 Census , making it Russia 's largest resort city . Being part of the Caucasian Riviera , it is one of the very few places in Russia with a subtropical climate , with warm to hot summers and mild winters . With the alpine and Nordic events held at the nearby ski resort of Rosa Khutor in Krasnaya Polyana , Sochi hosted the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games in 2014 , as well as the Russian Formula 1 Grand Prix from 2014 until at least 2020 . It was also one of the host cities for the 2018 FIFA World Cup ."}]}, {'value': '1977', 'urls': []}, {'value': '68.92 m ( 226 ft 1 ⁄ 4 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sabine Engel ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sabine_Engel', 'summary': 'Sabine Engel ( born 21 April 1954 in Prenzlau , Bezirk Neubrandenburg ) is a retired East German discus thrower . She finished fifth at the 1976 Summer Olympics , third at the 1977 World Cup and fourth at the 1978 European Championships . She represented the sports team SC Neubrandenburg and became East German champion in 1975 . Her personal best throw was 68.92 metres , achieved in June 1977 in Karl-Marx-Stadt . This result ranks her tenth among German discus throwers , behind Gabriele Reinsch , Ilke Wyludda , Diana Gansky-Sachse , Irina Meszynski , Gisela Beyer , Martina Hellmann-Opitz , Evelin Jahl , Silvia Madetzky and Franka Dietzsch .'}]}, {'value': 'Karl-Marx-Stadt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karl-Marx-Stadt', 'summary': "Chemnitz ( German : [ ˈkɛmnɪts ] ( listen ) , from 1953 to 1990 : Karl-Marx-Stadt ; Upper and Lower Sorbian : Kamjenica ; Czech : Saská Kamenice ) is the third largest city in the German federal state of Saxony after Leipzig and Dresden . It is the 28th largest city of Germany as well as the fourth largest city in the area of former East Germany after ( East ) Berlin , Leipzig and Dresden . The city is part of the Central German Metropolitan Region , and lies in the middle of a string of cities sitting in the densely populated northern foreland of the Elster and Ore Mountains , stretching from Plauen in the southwest via Zwickau , Chemnitz and Freiberg to Dresden in the northeast . Located in the Ore Mountain Basin , the city is surrounded by the Ore Mountains to the south and the Central Saxon Hill Country to the north . The city stands on the Chemnitz River ( progression : Zwickauer Mulde→ Mulde→ Elbe→ North Sea ) , which is formed through the confluence of the rivers Zwönitz and Würschnitz in the borough of Altchemnitz . The name of the city as well as the names of the rivers are of Slavic origin . Chemnitz is the third largest in the Thuringian-Upper Saxon dialect area after Leipzig and Dresden . The city 's economy is based on the service sector and manufacturing industry . Chemnitz University of Technology has around 10,000 students ."}]}, {'value': '1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': '70.72 m ( 232 ft ⁄ 4 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Evelin Jahl ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Evelin_Jahl', 'summary': "Evelin Jahl ( née Schlaak and later Herberg , born 28 March 1956 in Annaberg-Buchholz , Saxony , East Germany ) is a German former discus thrower , who won two Olympic gold medals representing East Germany . In 1976 she won the women 's discus throwing event at the Montreal Summer Olympics defeating favourite and world record holder Faina Melnik . In 1978 she set a new world record and also won the European Championships . Two years later Jahl defended the Olympic title in Moscow , again relegating Vergova , also competing under her married name ( Petkova ) , into second place . From 1980 until 2016 Jahl was the only discus thrower to defend her Olympic title and win two Olympic gold medals . Her feat was equalled by Sandra Perković of Croatia on 17 August 2016 at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro . She retired from throwing in 1982 after an injury . She later became GDR chairperson of a commission in the GDR track and field association DVfL . After the 1976 Olympics she married shot putter Norbert Jahl und competed under her married name for the rest of her sporting career . Shortly after her retirement , she married the swim trainer Harald Herberg but she soon divorced him ."}]}, {'value': 'Dresden', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Dresden', 'summary': "Dresden ( /ˈdrɛzdən/ , German : [ ˈdʁeːsdn̩ ] ( listen ) ; Upper and Lower Sorbian : Drježdźany ; Czech : Drážďany ; Polish : Drezno ) is the capital city of the German state of Saxony and its second most populous city , following only Leipzig . It is the 12th most populous city of Germany , the third largest by area ( following only Berlin , Hamburg and Cologne ) , and the third most populous city in the area of former East Germany , following only ( East ) Berlin and Leipzig . Dresden is contiguous with Freital , Pirna , Radebeul , Meissen and Coswig , and its urban area has around 780,000 inhabitants , making it the largest in Saxony . Dresden is the largest city on the River Elbe after Hamburg . [ a ] Most of Dresden 's population lives in the Elbe Valley , but a large , albeit very sparsely populated area of the city east of the Elbe lies in the West Lusatian Hill Country and Uplands ( the westernmost part of the Sudetes ) and thus in Lusatia , while many boroughs west of the Elbe lie in the foreland of the Ore Mountains as well as in the valleys of the rivers rising there and flowing through Dresden , the longest of which are the Weißeritz and the Lockwitzbach . The name of the city as well as the names of most of its boroughs and rivers are of Slavic origin . Dresden is the second largest city in the Thuringian-Upper Saxon dialect area , following only Leipzig . The Sorbian language area begins east of the city , in Lusatia . Dresden has a long history as the capital and royal residence for the Electors and Kings of Saxony , who for centuries furnished the city with cultural and artistic splendor , and was once by personal union the family seat of Polish monarchs . The city was known as the Jewel Box , because of its baroque and rococo city centre . The controversial American and British bombing of Dresden in World War II towards the end of the war killed approximately 25,000 people , many of whom were civilians , and destroyed the entire city centre . After the war restoration work has helped to reconstruct parts of the historic inner city , including the Katholische Hofkirche , the Zwinger and the Semper Oper ."}]}, {'value': '1979', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1979_in_athletics_(track_and_field)', 'summary': 'This page contains an overview of the year 1979 in athletics .'}]}, {'value': '69.82 m ( 229 ft ⁄ 4 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Evelin Jahl ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Evelin_Jahl', 'summary': "Evelin Jahl ( née Schlaak and later Herberg , born 28 March 1956 in Annaberg-Buchholz , Saxony , East Germany ) is a German former discus thrower , who won two Olympic gold medals representing East Germany . In 1976 she won the women 's discus throwing event at the Montreal Summer Olympics defeating favourite and world record holder Faina Melnik . In 1978 she set a new world record and also won the European Championships . Two years later Jahl defended the Olympic title in Moscow , again relegating Vergova , also competing under her married name ( Petkova ) , into second place . From 1980 until 2016 Jahl was the only discus thrower to defend her Olympic title and win two Olympic gold medals . Her feat was equalled by Sandra Perković of Croatia on 17 August 2016 at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro . She retired from throwing in 1982 after an injury . She later became GDR chairperson of a commission in the GDR track and field association DVfL . After the 1976 Olympics she married shot putter Norbert Jahl und competed under her married name for the rest of her sporting career . Shortly after her retirement , she married the swim trainer Harald Herberg but she soon divorced him ."}]}, {'value': 'Leipzig', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leipzig', 'summary': "Leipzig ( /ˈlaɪpsɪɡ/ , also US : /- ( t ) sɪk/ , German : [ ˈlaɪptsɪç ] ( listen ) ; Upper and Lower Sorbian : Lipsk ; Upper Saxon : Leibzsch ) is the most populous city in the German federal state of Saxony . With a population of 600,000 inhabitants as of 2019 ( 1.1 million residents in the larger urban zone ) , it is Germany 's eighth most populous city as well as the second most populous city in the area of former East Germany after ( East ) Berlin . Together with Halle ( Saale ) , the largest city of the neighbouring state of Saxony-Anhalt , the city forms the polycentric conurbation of Leipzig-Halle . Between the two cities ( in Schkeuditz ) lies Leipzig/Halle International Airport . Leipzig is located about 160 kilometres ( 99 mi ) southwest of Berlin in the Leipzig Bay , which constitutes the southernmost part of the North German Plain , at the confluence of the White Elster River ( progression : Saale→ Elbe→ North Sea ) and two of its tributaries : the Pleiße and the Parthe . The name of the city as well as the names of many of its boroughs are of Slavic origin . Leipzig has been a trade city since at least the time of the Holy Roman Empire . The city sits at the intersection of the Via Regia and the Via Imperii , two important medieval trade routes . Leipzig was once one of the major European centres of learning and culture in fields such as music and publishing . After the Second World War and during the period of the German Democratic Republic ( East Germany ) Leipzig remained a major urban centre in East German terms , but its cultural and economic importance declined . Events in Leipzig in 1989 played a significant role in precipitating the fall of communism in Central and Eastern Europe , mainly through demonstrations starting from St. Nicholas Church . The immediate effects of the reunification of Germany included the collapse of the local economy , which had come to depend on highly polluting heavy industry , severe unemployment , and urban blight ."}]}, {'value': '1980', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1980_in_athletics_(track_and_field)', 'summary': "This page contains an overview of the year 1980 in athletics . The major athletics event of the year was the 1980 Moscow Olympics . A boycott of this competition meant many of world 's leading athletes did not face each other , with many of the boycotting athletes taking part in the rival Liberty Bell Classic competition . A further global event , the 1980 World Championships in Athletics , was held specifically for women athletes in the 400 metres hurdles and 3000 metres disciplines , as neither event featured on the Olympic programme in spite of IAAF approval ."}]}, {'value': '71.80 m ( 235 ft 6 ⁄ 4 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Maria Petkova ( BUL )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Maria_Petkova', 'summary': 'Mariya Dimitrova Petkova ( Bulgarian : Мария Димитрова Петкова , née Vergova ( Вергова ) ; born 3 November 1950 in Plovdiv ) is a retired Bulgarian discus thrower . In 1976 she won an Olympic silver medal behind Evelin Schlaak , a standing that would repeat itself in 1980 . This year she also achieved a personal best throw of 71.80 metres . In 1982 she won a European Championship silver medal behind countrywoman Tsvetanka Khristova , who is twelve years younger . One year later Petkova won the bronze medal at the first World Championships in Athletics .'}]}, {'value': 'Sofia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sofia', 'summary': "Sofia ( /ˈsoʊfiə , ˈsɒf- , soʊˈfiːə/ SOH-fee-ə , SOF- ; Bulgarian : София , romanized : Sofiya , IPA : [ ˈsɔfijɐ ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of Bulgaria . The city is at the foot of Vitosha mountain in the western part of the country . Being in the centre of the Balkans , it is midway between the Black Sea and the Adriatic Sea , and closest to the Aegean Sea . Sofia is the 13th largest city in the European Union . The city is surrounded by mountains , such as Mount Vitosha by the southern side , Lyulin by the western side , and the Balkan Mountains by the north , which makes it the second highest European capital after Madrid . The city is built on the Iskar river , and has many mineral springs , such as the Sofia Central Mineral Baths . Sofia has a humid continental climate . Sofia has been described as the 'triangle of religious tolerance ' . This is due to the fact that three colossal temples of the three world major religions - Christianity , Islam and Judaism , reside inside the borders of the city , which are the Sveta Nedelya Church , Banya Bashi Mosque and Sofia Synagogue . Being Bulgaria 's primate city , Sofia is a hometown of many of the major local universities , cultural institutions and commercial companies . Sofia is one of the top ten best places for start-up businesses in the world , especially in information technologies . Sofia was Europe 's most affordable capital to visit in 2013 ."}]}, {'value': '1981', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1981_in_athletics_(track_and_field)', 'summary': 'This page contains an overview of the year 1981 in athletics .'}]}, {'value': '71.46 m ( 234 ft 5 ⁄ 4 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Evelin Jahl ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Evelin_Jahl', 'summary': "Evelin Jahl ( née Schlaak and later Herberg , born 28 March 1956 in Annaberg-Buchholz , Saxony , East Germany ) is a German former discus thrower , who won two Olympic gold medals representing East Germany . In 1976 she won the women 's discus throwing event at the Montreal Summer Olympics defeating favourite and world record holder Faina Melnik . In 1978 she set a new world record and also won the European Championships . Two years later Jahl defended the Olympic title in Moscow , again relegating Vergova , also competing under her married name ( Petkova ) , into second place . From 1980 until 2016 Jahl was the only discus thrower to defend her Olympic title and win two Olympic gold medals . Her feat was equalled by Sandra Perković of Croatia on 17 August 2016 at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro . She retired from throwing in 1982 after an injury . She later became GDR chairperson of a commission in the GDR track and field association DVfL . After the 1976 Olympics she married shot putter Norbert Jahl und competed under her married name for the rest of her sporting career . Shortly after her retirement , she married the swim trainer Harald Herberg but she soon divorced him ."}]}, {'value': 'Berlin', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Berlin', 'summary': "Berlin ( /bɜːrˈlɪn/ ; German : [ bɛʁˈliːn ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population . Its 3,748,148 ( 2018 ) inhabitants make it the most populous city proper of the European Union . The city is one of Germany 's 16 federal states . It is surrounded by the state of Brandenburg , and contiguous with Potsdam , Brandenburg 's capital . The two cities are at the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg capital region , which is , with about six million inhabitants and an area of more than 30,000 km² , Germany 's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions . Berlin straddles the banks of the River Spree , which flows into the River Havel ( a tributary of the River Elbe ) in the western borough of Spandau . Among the city 's main topographical features are the many lakes in the western and southeastern boroughs formed by the Spree , Havel , and Dahme rivers ( the largest of which is Lake Müggelsee ) . Due to its location in the European Plain , Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate . About one-third of the city 's area is composed of forests , parks , gardens , rivers , canals and lakes . The city lies in the Central German dialect area , the Berlin dialect being a variant of the Lusatian-New Marchian dialects . First documented in the 13th century and situated at the crossing of two important historic trade routes , Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg ( 1417-1701 ) , the Kingdom of Prussia ( 1701-1918 ) , the German Empire ( 1871-1918 ) , the Weimar Republic ( 1919-1933 ) , and the Third Reich ( 1933-1945 ) . Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world ."}]}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1982_in_athletics_(track_and_field)', 'summary': 'This page contains an overview of the year 1982 in athletics .'}]}, {'value': '71.40 m ( 234 ft 3 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Irina Meszynski ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Irina_Meszynski', 'summary': "Irina Meszynski ( born 24 March 1962 in Berlin ) is a retired East German discus thrower . On 17 August 1984 Meszynski set a world record in women 's discus throw at boycott inspired Friendship Games of 73.36 meters . Her record lasted barely a week before it was bested by Zdeňka Šilhavá with a mark that puts Šilhavá as equal to the number 2 thrower in history . Today , Meszynski 's result is enough to occupy the sixth place on the world all-time list and a fourth place on the German all-time list behind Gabriele Reinsch , Ilke Wyludda and Diana Gansky-Sachse . Her career highlights include a gold medal with 60.30 m at the 1979 European Junior Championships , an eighth place with 63.78 m at the 1982 European Championships in Athletics and a fourth place with 65.20 m at the 1986 European Championships in Athletics . She represented the sports team TSC Berlin and became East German champion in 1982 . She weighed 97 kg , and stood 1.76 m tall ."}]}, {'value': 'Karl-Marx-Stadt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karl-Marx-Stadt', 'summary': "Chemnitz ( German : [ ˈkɛmnɪts ] ( listen ) , from 1953 to 1990 : Karl-Marx-Stadt ; Upper and Lower Sorbian : Kamjenica ; Czech : Saská Kamenice ) is the third largest city in the German federal state of Saxony after Leipzig and Dresden . It is the 28th largest city of Germany as well as the fourth largest city in the area of former East Germany after ( East ) Berlin , Leipzig and Dresden . The city is part of the Central German Metropolitan Region , and lies in the middle of a string of cities sitting in the densely populated northern foreland of the Elster and Ore Mountains , stretching from Plauen in the southwest via Zwickau , Chemnitz and Freiberg to Dresden in the northeast . Located in the Ore Mountain Basin , the city is surrounded by the Ore Mountains to the south and the Central Saxon Hill Country to the north . The city stands on the Chemnitz River ( progression : Zwickauer Mulde→ Mulde→ Elbe→ North Sea ) , which is formed through the confluence of the rivers Zwönitz and Würschnitz in the borough of Altchemnitz . The name of the city as well as the names of the rivers are of Slavic origin . Chemnitz is the third largest in the Thuringian-Upper Saxon dialect area after Leipzig and Dresden . The city 's economy is based on the service sector and manufacturing industry . Chemnitz University of Technology has around 10,000 students ."}]}, {'value': '1983', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1983_in_athletics_(track_and_field)', 'summary': 'This page contains an overview of the year 1983 in athletics .'}]}, {'value': '73.26 m ( 240 ft 4 ⁄ 4 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Galina Savinkova ( URS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Galina_Savinkova', 'summary': "Galina Savinkova ( Russian : Галина Савинкова ; born 15 July 1953 ) is a retired female track and field athlete from the Soviet Union , who set the world record in the women 's discus throw on 23 May 1983 with a distance of 73.26 metres . A year later , on 8 September 1984 in Donetsk , she reached 73.28 metres . That mark still is the Russian national record ."}]}, {'value': 'Leselidze', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Leselidze_(town)', 'summary': "Leselidze ( Georgian : ლესელიძე , Leselidze ; Abkhazian : Гьачрыҧшь , G'achryphsh ; Russian : Леселидзе , Гечрипш ) is a town in Abkhazia . [ note 1 ] Formerly named Yermolovsk , the town is located on the shores of the Black Sea and is 14 kilometers from the city of Gagra ."}]}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1984_in_athletics_(track_and_field)', 'summary': 'This page contains an overview of the year 1984 in the sport of athletics .'}]}, {'value': '74.56 m ( 244 ft 7 ⁄ 4 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zdeňka Šilhavá ( TCH )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zdeňka_Šilhavá', 'summary': "Zdeňka Bartoňová-Šilhavá ( born 15 June 1954 in Krnov , Czechoslovakia ) is a retired female track and field athlete from the Czech Republic , who set the world record in the women 's discus throw on 26 August 1984 with a distance of 74.56 metres ( 244.6 ft ) . That mark still is the national record . Šilhavá represented Czechoslovakia at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul , South Korea , finishing in sixth place ( 67.84 metres ( 222.6 ft ) ) in the women 's discus , and in eleventh place in the women 's shot put event ( 18.86 metres ( 61.9 ft ) ) . She threw again in the 1996 Summer Olympics at the age of 42 . Three years after the Olympics , she threw masters W45 world records in both the shot put and discus that still stand ."}]}, {'value': 'Nitra', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nitra', 'summary': 'Nitra ( Slovak pronunciation : [ ˈɲitra ] ( listen ) ; also known by other alternative names ) is a city in western Slovakia , situated at the foot of Zobor Mountain in the valley of the river Nitra . With a population of about 76,655 it is the fifth-largest city in Slovakia . Nitra is also one of the oldest cities in Slovakia ; it was the political center of the Principality of Nitra . Today , it is a seat of a kraj ( Nitra Region ) and an okres ( Nitra District ) .'}]}, {'value': '1985', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1985_in_athletics_(track_and_field)', 'summary': 'This page contains an overview of the year 1985 in the sport of athletics .'}]}, {'value': '72.96 m ( 239 ft 4 ⁄ 4 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Galina Savinkova ( URS )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Galina_Savinkova', 'summary': "Galina Savinkova ( Russian : Галина Савинкова ; born 15 July 1953 ) is a retired female track and field athlete from the Soviet Union , who set the world record in the women 's discus throw on 23 May 1983 with a distance of 73.26 metres . A year later , on 8 September 1984 in Donetsk , she reached 73.28 metres . That mark still is the Russian national record ."}]}, {'value': 'Erfurt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Erfurt', 'summary': "Erfurt ( /ˈɛərfɜːrt/ AIR-furt , /ˈɛərfʊərt/ AIR-foort ; German pronunciation : [ ˈɛʁfʊʁt ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city in the state of Thuringia , central Germany . Erfurt lies in the southern part of the Thuringian Basin , within the wide valley of the Gera river . It is located 100 km ( 62 mi ) south-west of Leipzig , 300 km ( 186 mi ) south-west of Berlin , 400 km ( 249 mi ) north of Munich and 250 km ( 155 mi ) north-east of Frankfurt . Together with a string of neighbouring cities Gotha , Weimar , Jena and others , Erfurt forms the central metropolitan corridor of Thuringia called Thüringer Städtekette ( German Thuringian city chain ) with over 500,000 inhabitants . Erfurt 's old town is one of the best preserved medieval city centres in Germany . Tourist attractions include the Krämerbrücke ( Merchants ' bridge ) , the Old Synagogue , the ensemble of Erfurt Cathedral and Severikirche ( St Severus 's Church ) and Petersberg Citadel , one of the largest and best preserved town fortresses in Europe . The city 's economy is based on agriculture , horticulture and microelectronics . Its central location has led to it becoming a logistics hub for Germany and central Europe . Erfurt hosts the second-largest trade fair in eastern Germany ( after Leipzig ) as well as the public television children 's channel KiKa . The city is situated on the Via Regia , a medieval trade and pilgrims ' road network . Modern day Erfurt is also a hub for ICE high speed trains and other German and European transport networks . Erfurt was first mentioned in 742 , as Saint Boniface founded the diocese ."}]}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1986_in_athletics_(track_and_field)', 'summary': 'This page contains an overview of the year 1986 in the sport of athletics .'}]}, {'value': '73.26 m ( 240 ft 4 ⁄ 4 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diana Gansky ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diana_Gansky', 'summary': "Diana Gansky ( née Sachse , born 14 December 1963 in Bergen auf Rügen , Bezirk Rostock ) is a German track and field athlete . She won an Olympic medal and was one of the world 's best discus throwers . She represented East Germany and was the 1986 European champion ( with her birth name Sachse ) . In 1987 and 1988 she was second in both the world championship and the Olympic games . Gansky won the European Junior Championship as a 17-year-old in 1981 , but she needed a few more years before she was able to compete with the already strong discus team of East Germany . She stood in the shadows of Martina Hellmann ( who she only beat at the 1986 European championship ) . For a long time she trained with Gabriele Reinsch , the world record holder since July 1988 when she threw 76.80 meters . During her career Gansky reached 70 meters in 24 meetings , more than any other woman . She represented ASK Vorwärts Potsdam and trained with Lothar Hillebrand . During her active career she was 1.84 meters tall and weighed 92 kilograms . She studied sports science , and at the time of German reunification she became a self-employed physiotherapist . Later she became active on the senior sports circuit and became the 2002 European Masters Champion ( age 35-40 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Neubrandenburg', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Neubrandenburg', 'summary': "Neubrandenburg ( lit . New Brandenburg , IPA : [ nɔʏˈbʁandn̩bʊʁk ] ) is a city in the southeast of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern , Germany . It is located on the shore of a lake called Tollensesee and forms the urban centre of the Mecklenburg Lakeland . The city is famous for its rich medieval heritage of Brick Gothic , especially the world 's best preserved defensive wall of this style , and the Concert Church ( Saint Mary ) , home venue of the Neubrandenburg Philharmonic . Neubrandenburg is nicknamed for its four medieval city gates - Stadt der Vier Tore ( City of Four Gates ) . It is part of the European Route of Brick Gothic , a route which leads through seven countries along the Baltic Sea coast . Since 2011 , Neubrandenburg is the capital of the Mecklenburgische Seenplatte district . It is the third-largest city and one of the main urban centres of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern . The city is an economical node of northeastern Germany , featuring one of the highest national ranks in employment density and GDP per capita . The closest greater urban areas are the regiopolis of Rostock and the metropolises of Szczecin , Berlin and Hamburg . Since 1991 , Neubrandenburg hosts a University of Applied Sciences that also offers international exchanges , guest programs and studies ."}]}, {'value': '1987', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1987_in_athletics_(track_and_field)', 'summary': 'This page contains an overview of the year 1987 in athletics .'}]}, {'value': '74.08 m ( 243 ft ⁄ 2 in )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Diana Gansky ( GDR )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Diana_Gansky', 'summary': "Diana Gansky ( née Sachse , born 14 December 1963 in Bergen auf Rügen , Bezirk Rostock ) is a German track and field athlete . She won an Olympic medal and was one of the world 's best discus throwers . She represented East Germany and was the 1986 European champion ( with her birth name Sachse ) . In 1987 and 1988 she was second in both the world championship and the Olympic games . Gansky won the European Junior Championship as a 17-year-old in 1981 , but she needed a few more years before she was able to compete with the already strong discus team of East Germany . She stood in the shadows of Martina Hellmann ( who she only beat at the 1986 European championship ) . For a long time she trained with Gabriele Reinsch , the world record holder since July 1988 when she threw 76.80 meters . During her career Gansky reached 70 meters in 24 meetings , more than any other woman . She represented ASK Vorwärts Potsdam and trained with Lothar Hillebrand . During her active career she was 1.84 meters tall and weighed 92 kilograms . She studied sports science , and at the time of German reunification she became a self-employed physiotherapist . Later she became active on the senior sports circuit and became the 2002 European Masters Champion ( age 35-40 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Karl-Marx-Stadt', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Karl-Marx-Stadt', 'summary': "Chemnitz ( German : [ ˈkɛmnɪts ] ( listen ) , from 1953 to 1990 : Karl-Marx-Stadt ; Upper and Lower Sorbian : Kamjenica ; Czech : Saská Kamenice ) is the third largest city in the German federal state of Saxony after Leipzig and Dresden . It is the 28th largest city of Germany as well as the fourth largest city in the area of former East Germany after ( East ) Berlin , Leipzig and Dresden . The city is part of the Central German Metropolitan Region , and lies in the middle of a string of cities sitting in the densely populated northern foreland of the Elster and Ore Mountains , stretching from Plauen in the southwest via Zwickau , Chemnitz and Freiberg to Dresden in the northeast . Located in the Ore Mountain Basin , the city is surrounded by the Ore Mountains to the south and the Central Saxon Hill Country to the north . The city stands on the Chemnitz River ( progression : Zwickauer Mulde→ Mulde→ Elbe→ North Sea ) , which is formed through the confluence of the rivers Zwönitz and Würschnitz in the borough of Altchemnitz . The name of the city as well as the names of the rivers are of Slavic origin . Chemnitz is the third largest in the Thuringian-Upper Saxon dialect area after Leipzig and Dresden . The city 's economy is based on the service sector and manufacturing industry . Chemnitz University of Technology has around 10,000 students ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Women', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Discus_throw_3', 'intro': 'The discus throw (pronunciation), also known as disc throw, is a track and field event in which an athlete throws a heavy disc - called a discus - in an attempt to mark a farther distance than their competitors. It is an ancient sport, as demonstrated by the fifth-century-BC Myron statue Discobolus. Although not part of the modern pentathlon, it was one of the events of the ancient Greek pentathlon, which can be dated back to at least to 708 BC, and is part of the modern decathlon.'}
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What is the name of the lake that is near the location of the event that took place just before 1987 ?
Tollensesee
04df418455a9c4c9
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_European_ultra-prominent_peaks', 'title': 'List of European ultra-prominent peaks', 'header': ['No', 'Peak', 'Country', 'Elevation ( m )', 'Prominence ( m )', 'Col ( m )'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mount Etna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Etna', 'summary': "Mount Etna , or Etna ( Italian : Etna [ ˈɛtna ] or Mongibello [ mondʒiˈbɛllo ] ; Sicilian : Mungibeddu [ mʊndʒɪbˈbɛɖɖʊ ] or a Muntagna ; Latin : Aetna ; Greek : Αίτνα ) , is an active stratovolcano on the east coast of Sicily , Italy , in the Metropolitan City of Catania , between the cities of Messina and Catania . It lies above the convergent plate margin between the African Plate and the Eurasian Plate . It is the highest active volcano in Europe outside the Caucasus and the highest peak in Italy south of the Alps with a current height of 3,326 m ( 10,912 ft ) , though this varies with summit eruptions . Etna covers an area of 1,190 km2 ( 459 sq mi ) with a basal circumference of 140 km ( 87 miles ) . This makes it by far the largest of the three active volcanoes in Italy , being about two and a half times the height of the next largest , Mount Vesuvius . Only Mount Teide on Tenerife in the Canary Islands surpasses it in the whole of the European-North-African region west of the Black Sea . In Greek Mythology , the deadly monster Typhon was trapped under this mountain by Zeus , the god of the sky and thunder and king of gods , and the forges of Hephaestus were said also to be underneath it . Mount Etna is one of the world 's most active volcanoes and is in an almost constant state of activity . The fertile volcanic soils support extensive agriculture , with vineyards and orchards spread across the lower slopes of the mountain and the broad Plain of Catania to the south . Due to its history of recent activity and nearby population , Mount Etna has been designated a Decade Volcano by the United Nations . In June 2013 , it was added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites ."}]}, {'value': 'Italy ( Sicily )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sicily', 'summary': 'Sicily ( Italian : Sicilia [ siˈtʃiːlja ] ; Sicilian : Sicilia [ sɪˈʃiːlja ] ) is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 20 regions of Italy . It is one of the five Italian autonomous regions and is officially referred to as Regione Siciliana . Sicily is located in the central Mediterranean Sea , south of the Italian Peninsula , from which it is separated by the narrow Strait of Messina . Its most prominent landmark is Mount Etna , the tallest active volcano in Europe , and one of the most active in the world , currently 3,329 m ( 10,922 ft ) high . The island has a typical Mediterranean climate . The earliest archaeological evidence of human activity on the island dates from as early as 12,000 BC . By around 750 BC , Sicily had three Phoenician and a dozen Greek colonies and it was later the site of the Sicilian Wars and the Punic Wars . After the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century AD , Sicily was ruled during the Early Middle Ages by the Vandals , the Ostrogoths , the Byzantine Empire , and the Emirate of Sicily . The Norman conquest of southern Italy led to the creation of the Kingdom of Sicily , which was subsequently ruled by the Hohenstaufen , the Capetian House of Anjou , Spain , and the House of Habsburg . It was unified under the House of Bourbon with the Kingdom of Naples as the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies . It became part of Italy in 1860 following the Expedition of the Thousand , a revolt led by Giuseppe Garibaldi during the Italian unification , and a plebiscite . Sicily was given special status as an autonomous region on 15 May 1946 , 18 days before the Italian constitutional referendum of 1946 .'}]}, {'value': '3,329', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3,329', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Monte Cinto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monte_Cinto', 'summary': 'Monte Cinto ( Corsican : Monte Cintu ) is the highest mountain on the island of Corsica , a région of France .'}]}, {'value': 'France ( Corsica )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Corsica', 'summary': "Corsica ( /ˈkɔːrsɪkə/ ; French : Corse [ kɔʁs ] ; Corsica in Corsican and Italian , pronounced [ ˈkorsiga ] and [ ˈkɔrsika ] respectively ) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and one of the 18 regions of France . It is located southeast of the French mainland and west of the Italian Peninsula , with the nearest land mass being the Italian island of Sardinia to the immediate south . A single chain of mountains makes up two-thirds of the island . The island is an administrative region of France ( with the regional capital being Ajaccio ) , divided in two administrative departments , Haute-Corse and Corse-du-Sud . The corresponding regional and departmental territorial collectivities , however , merged on 1 January 2018 , forming the single territorial collectivity of Corsica . As a single territorial collectivity , Corsica enjoys a greater degree of autonomy than other French regional collectivities ; for example , the Corsican Assembly is able to exercise limited executive powers . Bastia , the prefecture city of Haute-Corse , is the second largest town in Corsica . After being ruled by the Republic of Genoa since 1284 , in 1755 Corsica became a self-proclaimed Italian-speaking Republic , until it was officially ceded by Genoa to Louis XV as part of a pledge for debts and subsequently annexed to France in 1769 . Napoleon Bonaparte was born the same year in Ajaccio , and his ancestral home ( Maison Bonaparte ) is today a significant visitor attraction and museum . Due to Corsica 's historical ties with the Italian peninsula , the island retains many Italian cultural elements , and the native tongue is recognized as a regional language by the French government ."}]}, {'value': '2,706', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2,706', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Corno Grande', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corno_Grande', 'summary': "Corno Grande ( Italian for great horn ) is the highest point in the Apennine Mountains , situated in Abruzzo , central Italy . Part of the Gran Sasso massif , it is the highest peak of the Italian Peninsula at 2,912 metres ( 9,554 ft ) . It is the highest peak in mainland Italy outside of the Alps , and the second highest peak in the entire country outside the Alps , after Mount Etna in Sicily . Despite an extreme altitude drop on the north side , the mountain 's south side is less elevated than the adjacent Campo Imperatore plateau . The northern corrie of Corno Grande holds one of the southernmost glaciers in Europe , the Calderone glacier , being slightly to the north only compared to Snezhnika ( latitude of 41°46′09″ N ) and Banski Suhodol Glaciers in Pirin Mountain in Bulgaria . The first recorded ascent of Corno Grande was made in 1573 by the Bolognese captain Francesco De Marchi alongside Francesco Di Domenico . [ citation needed ] The usual route of ascent is via the western ridge , although a number of other routes exist , including one that ascends the southern face ."}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': '2,912', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2,476', 'urls': []}, {'value': '436', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Punta La Marmora', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Punta_La_Marmora', 'summary': 'Punta La Marmora ( Sardinian : Perdas Carpìas ) is a mountain in the Gennargentu range , Sardinia ( Italy ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Italy ( Sardinia )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Sardinia', 'summary': "Sardinia ( /sɑːrˈdɪniə/ sar-DIN-ee-ə ; Italian : Sardegna [ sarˈdeɲɲa ] ; Sardinian : Sardìgna [ saɾˈdiɲɲa ] or Sardìnnia [ saɾˈdinja ] ; Sassarese : Sardhigna ; Gallurese : Saldigna ; Algherese : Sardenya ; Tabarchino : Sardegna ) is an island in the Mediterranean Sea and politically one of the 20 regions of Italy . It is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea after Sicily , and is located west of the Italian Peninsula , north of Tunisia , and to the immediate south of the French island of Corsica . The region of Sardinia is one of the five in Italy that enjoy some degree of domestic autonomy , granted by a specific Statute . Its official name is Regione Autonoma della Sardegna ( Sardinian : Regione Autònoma de Sardigna , lit . Autonomous Region of Sardinia ) . It is divided into four provinces and a metropolitan city , with Cagliari being the region 's capital and also its largest city . Sardinia 's indigenous language and the other minority languages ( Sassarese , Gallurese , Algherese Catalan and Ligurian Tabarchino ) spoken on the island are recognized by the regional law and enjoy equal dignity with Italian . Sardinia has been inhabited since the Paleolithic . The island 's most iconic civilization is the indigenous Nuragic one , which lasted from the 18th century BC to either 238 BC or the 2nd century AD in some areas and to the 6th century AD in the region known as Barbagia . After a period under a political and economic alliance between the Nuragic Sardinians and the Phoenicians , the island was partly conquered by Carthage and Rome , in the late 6th century BC and in 238 BC respectively ; the Roman occupation lasted for 700 years , followed in the Early Middle Ages by the Vandals and the Byzantines . Since the island was finding itself disconnected from Byzantium 's scope of territorial influence , the Sardinians provided themselves with a self-ruling political organization , leading to the birth of the four Judicates . As the Italian maritime republics of Pisa and Genoa struggled to exercise increasing political interference upon the indigenous states , the Crown of Aragon subsumed the island as the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1324 ."}]}, {'value': '1,834', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,834', 'urls': []}, {'value': '0', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Monte Amaro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monte_Amaro', 'summary': 'The Maiella ( or Majella ) is a massif in the Central Apennines , in Abruzzo , central Italy .'}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': '2,795', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,812', 'urls': []}, {'value': '983', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Monte Dolcedorme', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monte_Dolcedorme', 'summary': "The Pollino ( Italian : Massiccio del Pollino ) is a massif in the southern Apennines , on the border between Calabria and Basilicata , southern Italy . It became part of the Pollino National Park in 1992 . The main peaks include Monte Pollino { ( 2,248 m ) and the massif 's high point , Serra Dolcedorme ( 2,267 m ) , which overlooks the plain of Sibari ."}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': '2,267', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,715', 'urls': []}, {'value': '552', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Montalto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Montalto_(Aspromonte)', 'summary': 'Montalto is the highest peak of the Aspromonte , a massif in southern Calabria in southern Italy . Located near Gambarie in the province of Reggio Calabria , it has an elevation of 1,955 metres ( 6,414 ft ) above sea level . It is part of the Aspromonte National Park .'}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': '1,955', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,709', 'urls': []}, {'value': '246', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Monte Cimone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Monte_Cimone', 'summary': 'Monte Cimone is the highest mountain in the northern Apennines , of Italy .'}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': '2,165', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1,577', 'urls': []}, {'value': '588', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Apennines , Italian peninsula and neighbouring islands', 'section_text': 'Monte Cinto , Corsica Corno Grande , Italy', 'uid': 'List_of_European_ultra_prominent_peaks_1', 'intro': 'This is a list of all the mountains in Europe with ultra-prominent peaks with topographic prominence greater than 1,500 metres or 4,900 feet. The column Col denotes the highest elevation to which one must descend from a peak in order to reach peaks with higher elevations; note that the elevation of any peak is the sum of its prominence and col.'}
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null
What year was the first recorded ascent made of the peak in Italy with a prominence of 2,476 m ?
1573
04df75300d8b8798
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine_Baranski', 'title': 'Christine Baranski', 'header': ['Year', 'Title', 'Role', 'Notes'], 'data': [{'value': '1980', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hide & Seek', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elly Bart', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Broadway', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Broadway_theatre', 'summary': "Broadway theatre , [ nb 1 ] also known simply as Broadway , refers to the theatrical performances presented in the 41 professional theatres , each with 500 or more seats , located in the Theater District and Lincoln Center along Broadway , in Midtown Manhattan , New York City . Broadway and London 's West End together represent the highest commercial level of live theater in the English-speaking world . The Theater District is a popular tourist attraction in New York City . According to The Broadway League , for the 2018-2019 season ( which ended May 26 , 2019 ) total attendance was 14,768,254 and Broadway shows had US $ 1,829,312,140 in grosses , with attendance up 9.5% , grosses up 10.3% , and playing weeks up 9.3% . The majority of Broadway shows are musicals . Historian Martin Shefter argues that 'Broadway musicals ' , culminating in the productions of Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein , became enormously influential forms of American popular culture and contributed to making New York City the cultural capital of the Western Hemisphere ."}]}, {'value': '1980', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Coming Attractions', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Performer', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Playwrights Horizons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Playwrights_Horizons', 'summary': "Playwrights Horizons is a not-for-profit Off-Broadway theater located in New York City dedicated to the support and development of contemporary American playwrights , composers , and lyricists , and to the production of their new work . Under the leadership of Artistic Director Tim Sanford and Managing Director Leslie Marcus , Playwrights Horizons continues to encourage the new work of veteran writers while nurturing an emerging generation of theater artists . Writers are supported through every stage of their growth with a series of development programs : script and score evaluations , commissions , readings , musical theater workshops , Studio and Mainstage productions . Playwrights Horizons was founded in 1971 at the Clark Center Y by Robert Moss , before moving to 42nd Street in 1977 where it was one of the original theatres that started Theater Row by converting adult entertainment venues into off Broadway theatres . The current building was built on the site of a former burlesque . André Bishop served as Artistic Director from 1981 to 1991 , followed by Don Scardino who served through 1995 . Playwrights Horizons ' auxiliary programs include the Playwrights Horizons Theater School , which is affiliated with NYU 's Tisch School of the Arts , and Ticket Central , a central box office that supports the off-Broadway performing arts community . In its 43 years , Playwrights Horizons has worked with over 375 writers and is the recipient of numerous awards and honors . In 2005 , it was among 406 New York City arts and social service institutions to receive part of a $ 20 million grant from the Carnegie Corporation , which was made possible through a donation by New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg ."}]}, {'value': '1982', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sally and Marsha', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sally_and_Marsha', 'summary': 'Sally and Marsha is a comedy-drama , written by Sybille Pearson and directed by Lynne Meadow . It premiered Off-Broadway in 1982 .'}]}, {'value': 'Marsha', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Manhattan Theatre Club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Manhattan_Theatre_Club', 'summary': "Manhattan Theatre Club ( MTC ) is a theatre company located in New York City , affiliated with the League of Resident Theatres . Under the leadership of Artistic Director Lynne Meadow and Executive Producer Barry Grove , Manhattan Theatre Club has grown since its founding in 1970 from an Off-Off Broadway showcase into one of the country 's most acclaimed theatre organizations . MTC 's many awards include 19 Tony Awards , six Pulitzer Prizes , 48 Obie Awards and 32 Drama Desk Awards , as well as numerous Drama Critics Circle , Outer Critics Circle and Theatre World Awards . MTC has won the Lucille Lortel Award for Outstanding Achievement , a Drama Desk for Outstanding Excellence , and a Theatre World for Outstanding Achievement . MTC produces plays and musicals on and off-Broadway ."}]}, {'value': '1983', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sunday in the Park with George', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sunday_in_the_Park_with_George', 'summary': "Sunday in the Park with George is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and book by James Lapine . It was inspired by the French pointillist painter Georges Seurat 's painting A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte . The plot revolves around George , a fictionalized version of Seurat , who immerses himself deeply in painting his masterpiece , and his great-grandson ( also named George ) , a conflicted and cynical contemporary artist . The Broadway production opened in 1984 . The musical won the 1985 Pulitzer Prize for Drama , two Tony Awards for design ( and a nomination for Best Musical ) , numerous Drama Desk Awards , the 1991 Olivier Award for Best Musical and the 2007 Olivier Award for Outstanding Musical Production . It has enjoyed several major revivals , including the 2005-06 UK production first presented at the Menier Chocolate Factory and its subsequent 2008 Broadway transfer ."}]}, {'value': 'Clarisse ( later named Yvonne )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Playwrights Horizons', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Playwrights_Horizons', 'summary': "Playwrights Horizons is a not-for-profit Off-Broadway theater located in New York City dedicated to the support and development of contemporary American playwrights , composers , and lyricists , and to the production of their new work . Under the leadership of Artistic Director Tim Sanford and Managing Director Leslie Marcus , Playwrights Horizons continues to encourage the new work of veteran writers while nurturing an emerging generation of theater artists . Writers are supported through every stage of their growth with a series of development programs : script and score evaluations , commissions , readings , musical theater workshops , Studio and Mainstage productions . Playwrights Horizons was founded in 1971 at the Clark Center Y by Robert Moss , before moving to 42nd Street in 1977 where it was one of the original theatres that started Theater Row by converting adult entertainment venues into off Broadway theatres . The current building was built on the site of a former burlesque . André Bishop served as Artistic Director from 1981 to 1991 , followed by Don Scardino who served through 1995 . Playwrights Horizons ' auxiliary programs include the Playwrights Horizons Theater School , which is affiliated with NYU 's Tisch School of the Arts , and Ticket Central , a central box office that supports the off-Broadway performing arts community . In its 43 years , Playwrights Horizons has worked with over 375 writers and is the recipient of numerous awards and honors . In 2005 , it was among 406 New York City arts and social service institutions to receive part of a $ 20 million grant from the Carnegie Corporation , which was made possible through a donation by New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg ."}]}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Real Thing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Real_Thing_(play)', 'summary': "The Real Thing is a play by Tom Stoppard that was first performed in 1982 . The play focuses on the relationship between Henry and Annie , an actress and member of a group fighting to free Brodie , a Scottish soldier imprisoned for burning a memorial wreath during a protest . The Real Thing examines the nature of honesty and uses various constructs , including a play within a play , to explore the theme of reality versus appearance . It has been described as one of Stoppard 's most popular , enduring and autobiographical plays ."}]}, {'value': 'Charlotte', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Broadway', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1984', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hurlyburly', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hurlyburly', 'summary': "Hurlyburly is a dark comedy play by David Rabe , first staged in 1984 . The title refers to dialogue from Shakespeare 's Macbeth ."}]}, {'value': 'Bonnie', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Broadway', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1986', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The House of Blue Leaves', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_House_of_Blue_Leaves', 'summary': "The House of Blue Leaves is a play by American playwright John Guare which premiered Off-Broadway in 1971 , and was revived in 1986 , both Off-Broadway and on Broadway , and was again revived on Broadway in 2011 . The play won the Drama Critics ' Circle Award for Best American Play and the Obie Award for Best American Play in 1971 . The play is set in 1965 , when Pope Paul VI visited New York City ."}]}, {'value': 'Bunny Flingus', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Broadway', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1988', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Rumors', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rumors_(play)', 'summary': 'Rumors is a farcical play by Neil Simon .'}]}, {'value': 'Chris Gorman', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Broadway', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nick & Nora', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nick_&_Nora', 'summary': "Nick & Nora is a musical with a book by Arthur Laurents , lyrics by Richard Maltby , Jr. , and music by Charles Strouse . The plot involves witty and urbane high society couple Nick and Nora Charles , characters created by Dashiell Hammett in his novel The Thin Man , which inspired six films , a radio show , and a television series . In this version , the two are attempting to solve the murder of a bookkeeper on a film production in Hollywood . Crucially , the musical departs from the formula of previous incarnations , defined by the chemistry between Nick and Nora , by creating a subplot of marital woes and tensions between them . The show had a brief run of nine performances on Broadway in 1991 , and was remounted for the first and only time by San Francisco 's 42nd Street Moon in April 2015 ."}]}, {'value': 'Tracy Gardner', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Broadway', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1997', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Promises , Promises', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Promises,_Promises_(musical)', 'summary': "Promises , Promises is a musical that premiered in 1968 , based on the 1960 film The Apartment . The music is by Burt Bacharach , with lyrics by Hal David and book by Neil Simon . Musical numbers for the original Broadway production were choreographed by Michael Bennett . Robert Moore directed , and David Merrick produced . The story concerns a junior executive at an insurance company who seeks to climb the corporate ladder by allowing his apartment to be used by his married superiors for trysts . The original Broadway production premiered in 1968 , with Jerry Orbach as Chuck Baxter and Jill O'Hara as Fran Kubelik , and ran for 1,281 performances . A London production opened in 1969 featuring Tony Roberts and Betty Buckley . The cast album won the Grammy Award for Best Musical Theater Album , and two songs from the show ( the title tune and I 'll Never Fall in Love Again ) became hit singles for Dionne Warwick ."}]}, {'value': 'Marge MacDougall', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Off-Broadway', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2002', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sweeney Todd', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sweeney_Todd_(musical)', 'summary': 'Sweeney Todd : The Demon Barber of Fleet Street ( often referred to simply as Sweeney Todd ) is a 1979 musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and a book by Hugh Wheeler . It is based on the 1973 play of the same name by Christopher Bond . Sweeney Todd opened on Broadway in 1979 and in the West End in 1980 . It won the Tony Award for Best Musical and Olivier Award for Best New Musical . It has since had numerous revivals as well as a film adaptation .'}]}, {'value': 'Mrs. Lovett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mrs._Lovett', 'summary': 'Mrs. Lovett is a fictional character appearing in many adaptations of the story Sweeney Todd . She is most commonly referred to as Nellie , although Amelia , Margery , Maggie , Sarah , Shirley , Wilhemina and Claudetta are other names she has been given . A baker from London , Mrs. Lovett is an accomplice and business partner of Sweeney Todd , a barber/serial killer from Fleet Street . She makes meat pies from Todds victims . First appearing in the Victorian penny dreadful serial The String of Pearls , it is debated if she was based on an actual person or not . The character also appears in modern media related to Sweeney Todd including the Stephen Sondheim musical and its 2007 film adaptation .'}]}, {'value': 'Kennedy Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kennedy_Center', 'summary': "The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts ( formally called the John F. Kennedy Memorial Center for the Performing Arts , and commonly referred to as the Kennedy Center ) is the United States National Cultural Center , located on the Potomac River , adjacent to the Watergate complex in Washington , D.C. , named in 1964 as a memorial to President John F. Kennedy . Opened on September 8 , 1971 , the performing arts center is a multi-dimensional facility : it produces a wide array of performances encompassing the genres of theater , dance , ballet , and orchestral , chamber , jazz , popular , and folk music ; offers multi-media performances for adults and children ; and is a nexus of performing arts education . In addition to the approximately 3,500 performances held annually for audiences totaling nearly two million , the center hosts touring productions and television and radio broadcasts that , collectively , are seen by 20 million more . Now in its 45th season , the center presents music , dance and theater and supports artists in the creation of new work . With its artistic affiliate , the National Symphony Orchestra , the center 's achievements as a commissioner , producer , and nurturer of developing artists have resulted in over 200 theatrical productions , dozens of new ballets , operas , and musical works . Authorized by the 1958 National Cultural Center Act of Congress , which requires that its programming be sustained through private funds , the center represents a public-private partnership . Its activities include educational and outreach initiatives , almost entirely funded through ticket sales and gifts from individuals , corporations , and private foundations . The building , designed by architect Edward Durell Stone , was constructed by Philadelphia contractor John McShain , and is administered as a bureau of the Smithsonian Institution . An earlier design proposal called for a more curvy , spaceship-inspired building similar to how the Watergate complex appears today . It receives annual federal funding to pay for its maintenance and operation ."}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mame', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mame_(musical)', 'summary': 'Mame is a musical with the book by Jerome Lawrence and Robert Edwin Lee and music and lyrics by Jerry Herman . Originally titled My Best Girl , it is based on the 1955 novel Auntie Mame by Patrick Dennis and a 1956 Broadway play , by Lawrence and Lee , that starred Rosalind Russell . Set in New York City and spanning the Great Depression and World War II , it focuses on eccentric bohemian Mame Dennis , whose famous motto is Life is a banquet and most poor sons of bitches are starving to death . Her fabulous life with her wealthy friends is interrupted when the young son of her late brother arrives to live with her . They cope with the Depression in a series of adventures . In 1958 , a film titled Auntie Mame , based on the play , was released by Warner Bros. Pictures , once again starring Rosalind Russell in the title role . Russell was nominated for an Academy Award and won a Golden Globe for her portrayal . The musical opened on Broadway in 1966 , starring Angela Lansbury and Bea Arthur . The production became a hit and spawned a 1974 film with Lucille Ball in the title role and Arthur reprising her supporting role , as well as a London production , a Broadway revival , and a 40th anniversary revival at the Kennedy Center in 2006 .'}]}, {'value': 'Mame Dennis', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kennedy Center', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Boeing Boeing', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Boeing-Boeing_(play)', 'summary': 'Boeing-Boeing is a farce written by the French playwright Marc Camoletti . The English language adaptation , translated by Beverley Cross , was first staged in London at the Apollo Theatre in 1962 and transferred to the Duchess Theatre in 1965 , running for a total of seven years . In 1991 , the play was listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the most performed French play throughout the world .'}]}, {'value': 'Berthe', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Broadway', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Follies', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Follies', 'summary': "Follies is a musical with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and a book by James Goldman . The story concerns a reunion in a crumbling Broadway theatre , scheduled for demolition , of the past performers of the Weismann 's Follies , a musical revue ( based on the Ziegfeld Follies ) , that played in that theatre between the World Wars . It focuses on two couples , Buddy and Sally Durant Plummer and Benjamin and Phyllis Rogers Stone , who are attending the reunion . Sally and Phyllis were showgirls in the Follies . Both couples are deeply unhappy with their marriages . Buddy , a traveling salesman , is having an affair with a girl on the road ; Sally is still as much in love with Ben as she was years ago ; and Ben is so self-absorbed that Phyllis feels emotionally abandoned . Several of the former showgirls perform their old numbers , sometimes accompanied by the ghosts of their former selves . The musical numbers in the show have been interpreted as pastiches of the styles of the leading Broadway composers of the 1920s and '30s , and sometimes as parodies of specific songs . The Broadway production opened on April 4 , 1971 , directed by Harold Prince and Michael Bennett , and with choreography by Bennett . The musical was nominated for eleven Tony Awards and won seven . The original production , the second-most costly performed on Broadway to that date , ran for over 500 performances but ultimately lost its entire investment . The musical has had a number of major revivals , and several of its songs have become standards , including Broadway Baby , I 'm Still Here , Too Many Mornings , Could I Leave You ? , and Losing My Mind ."}]}, {'value': 'Phyllis Rogers Stone', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'London', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/London', 'summary': "London is the capital and largest city of England and of the United Kingdom . Standing on the River Thames in the south-east of England , at the head of its 50-mile ( 80 km ) estuary leading to the North Sea , London has been a major settlement for two millennia . Londinium was founded by the Romans . The City of London , London 's ancient core − an area of just 1.12 square miles ( 2.9 km2 ) and colloquially known as the Square Mile − retains boundaries that closely follow its medieval limits . [ note 1 ] The City of Westminster is also an Inner London borough holding city status . Greater London is governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly . [ note 2 ] London is considered to be one of the world 's most important global cities and has been termed the world 's most powerful , most desirable , most influential , most visited , most expensive , innovative , sustainable , most investment friendly , and most popular for work city . London exerts a considerable impact upon the arts , commerce , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , professional services , research and development , tourism and transportation . London ranks 26th out of 300 major cities for economic performance . It is one of the largest financial centres and has either the fifth or the sixth largest metropolitan area GDP . [ note 3 ] It is the most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the busiest city airport system as measured by passenger traffic . It is the leading investment destination , hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Filmography -- Stage', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Christine_Baranski_2', 'intro': "Christine Jane Baranski (born May 2, 1952) is an American actress, singer, and producer. She is a 15-time Emmy Award nominee, winning once in 1995 for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series for her role as Maryann Thorpe in the sitcom Cybill (1995-98). Baranski has received further critical acclaim for her performance as Diane Lockhart in the legal drama series The Good Wife (2009-2016) and its spinoff series The Good Fight (2017-present), as well as her recurring role as Dr. Beverly Hofstadter in the sitcom The Big Bang Theory (2009-2019) for which she received four Emmy nominations. She is also known for her roles in numerous successful TV films, such as her portrayal of Kate in To Dance with the White Dog (1993), Prunella Stickler in Eloise at the Plaza, and Eloise at Christmastime (both 2003), and Amanda in Who Is Simon Miller? (2011). Baranski won two Tony Awards for Best Featured Actress in a Play for the original Broadway productions of The Real Thing in 1984 and Rumors in 1989. Her other major Broadway credits include Hide and Seek (1980), Hurlyburly (1984), The House of Blue Leaves (1986), Nick & Nora (1991), and Boeing Boeing (2008). Baranski has starred in numerous films, including 9½ Weeks (1986), Legal Eagles (1986), Reversal of Fortune (1990), Addams Family Values (1993), Jeffrey (1995), The Birdcage (1996), Bulworth (1998), Cruel Intentions (1999), Bowfinger (1999), Dr. Seuss's How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000), Chicago (2002), Mamma Mia! (2008), The Bounty Hunter (2010), Into the Woods (2014), A Bad Moms Christmas (2017), and Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again (2018)."}
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null
What year did the show whose venue was affiliated with the League of Resident Theatres ?
1982
04dfbd9151c758c2
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_football_stadiums_in_Finland', 'title': 'List of football stadiums in Finland', 'header': ['Stadium', 'Capacity ( expansion limit )', 'City', 'Home Team'], 'data': [{'value': 'Helsinki Olympic Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Helsinki_Olympic_Stadium', 'summary': 'The Helsinki Olympic Stadium ( Finnish : Helsingin Olympiastadion ; Swedish : Helsingfors Olympiastadion ) , located in the Töölö district about 2.3 kilometres ( 1.4 mi ) from the centre of the Finnish capital Helsinki , is the largest stadium in the country , nowadays mainly used for hosting sports events and big concerts . The stadium is best known for being the centre of activities in the 1952 Summer Olympics . During those games , it hosted athletics , equestrian show jumping , and the football finals . The stadium was also the venue for the first Bandy World Championship in 1957 , the first World Athletics Championships in 1983 as well as for the 2005 World Championships in Athletics . It hosted the European Athletics Championships in 1971 , 1994 and 2012 . It is also the home stadium of the Finland national football team . The stadium has been closed since March 2016 for renovation works and is scheduled to open in August 2020 .'}]}, {'value': '36,000 ( 60,000 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Helsinki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Helsinki', 'summary': "Helsinki ( /ˈhɛlsɪŋki/ HEL-sink-ee or /hɛlˈsɪŋki/ ( listen ) hel-SINK-ee , Finnish : [ ˈhelsiŋki ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Helsingfors [ hɛlsɪŋˈfɔʂː ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ helsiŋˈforsː ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of Finland . Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland , it is the seat of the region of Uusimaa in southern Finland , and has a population of 650,058 . The city 's urban area has a population of 1,268,296 , making it by far the most populous urban area in Finland as well as the country 's most important center for politics , education , finance , culture , and research . Helsinki is located 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) north of Tallinn , Estonia , 400 km ( 250 mi ) east of Stockholm , Sweden , and 300 km ( 190 mi ) west of Saint Petersburg , Russia . It has close historical ties with these three cities . Together with the cities of Espoo , Vantaa , and Kauniainen , and surrounding commuter towns , Helsinki forms the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area , which has a population of nearly 1.5 million . Often considered to be Finland 's only metropolis , it is the world 's northernmost metro area with over one million people as well as the northernmost capital of an EU member state . After Stockholm and Oslo , Helsinki is the third largest municipality in the Nordic countries . Swedish and Finnish are both official languages . The city is served by the international Helsinki Airport , located in the neighboring city of Vantaa , with frequent service to many destinations in Europe and Asia . Helsinki was the World Design Capital for 2012 , the venue for the 1952 Summer Olympics , and the host of the 52nd Eurovision Song Contest in 2007 . Helsinki has one of the highest urban standards of living in the world ."}]}, {'value': 'Finland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Finland_national_football_team', 'summary': 'The Finland national football team ( Finnish : Suomen jalkapallomaajoukkue , Swedish : Finlands fotbollslandslag ) represents Finland in international football competitions and is controlled by the Football Association of Finland . Finland had not qualified for a major tournament until securing a spot in the 2020 European Championship , and are the only Nordic team alongside minnows Faroe Islands to have never reached the FIFA World Cup finals . After many decades of relative obscurity , the nation made progression in the 00s , achieving notable results against established European teams and reaching a peak of 33rd in the FIFA World Rankings in 2007 . After a few years of poor results , they dipped to an all-time low of 110th in the FIFA rankings in 2017 , but then began to rise up again and , as of October 2019 , they sit at 55th .'}]}, {'value': 'Ratina Stadion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ratina_Stadion', 'summary': 'Tampere Stadium ( Finnish : Tampereen stadion ) , also known as Ratina Stadium ( Finnish : Ratinan stadion ) , designed by architect Timo Penttilä and completed in 1965 , is a multi-purpose stadium in Tampere , Finland , with a seating capacity of 16,800 people , and up to 32,000 people for concerts . In 2018 , the stadium hosted the IAAF World U20 Championships .'}]}, {'value': '17,000 ( 30,000 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tampere', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tampere', 'summary': "Tampere ( /ˈtæmpəreɪ/ , also US : /ˈtɑːm-/ , Finnish : [ ˈtɑmpere ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Tammerfors [ tɑmːærˈforsː ] ( listen ) ) is a city in Pirkanmaa , southern Finland . It is the most populous inland city in the Nordic countries . Tampere has a population of 235,615 with the urban area holding 334,112 people and the metropolitan area , also known as the Tampere sub-region , holding 385,301 inhabitants in an area of 4,970 km2 . Tampere is the second-largest urban area and third most-populous individual municipality in Finland , after the cities of Helsinki and Espoo and the most populous Finnish city outside the Greater Helsinki area , within which both Helsenki and Espoo are both located . Tampere is the major urban , economic , and cultural hub for central Finland . [ citation needed ] Tampere is wedged between two lakes , Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi . Since the two lakes differ in level by 18 metres ( 59 ft ) , the rapids linking them , Tammerkoski , have been an important power source throughout history , most recently for generating electricity . Tampere is dubbed the Manchester of Finland for its industrial past as the former center of Finnish industry , and this has given rise to its Finnish nickname Manse and terms such as Manserock . Helsinki is approximately 160 kilometres ( 100 mi ) south of Tampere , and can be reached in 1h 31m by Pendolino high-speed rail service and 2 hours by car . The distance to Turku is roughly the same . Tampere-Pirkkala Airport is Finland 's eighth-busiest airport , with over 230,000 passengers in 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Finland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Finland_national_football_team', 'summary': 'The Finland national football team ( Finnish : Suomen jalkapallomaajoukkue , Swedish : Finlands fotbollslandslag ) represents Finland in international football competitions and is controlled by the Football Association of Finland . Finland had not qualified for a major tournament until securing a spot in the 2020 European Championship , and are the only Nordic team alongside minnows Faroe Islands to have never reached the FIFA World Cup finals . After many decades of relative obscurity , the nation made progression in the 00s , achieving notable results against established European teams and reaching a peak of 33rd in the FIFA World Rankings in 2007 . After a few years of poor results , they dipped to an all-time low of 110th in the FIFA rankings in 2017 , but then began to rise up again and , as of October 2019 , they sit at 55th .'}]}, {'value': 'Lahden Stadion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lahden_Stadion', 'summary': 'Lahti Stadium ( Finnish : Lahden stadion ) is a multi-use stadium in Lahti , Finland . In Winter the stadium is used in cross-country skiing and biathlon . In summer it is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FC Lahti . The stadium holds 14,500 and was built in 1981 . Stadium is also a well-known venue for cross-country skiing and biathlon . It , along with neighboring ski jumping hills , has hosted three FIS Nordic World Ski Championships ( 1989 , 2001 and 2017 ) and numerous FIS World Cup events . In biathlon , the stadium has been the venue for three World Championships ( 1981 , 1991 and 2000 ) and also the World Cup for many years .'}]}, {'value': '14,500 ( 15,000 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lahti', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lahti', 'summary': 'Lahti ( Finnish pronunciation : [ ˈlɑhti ] ; Swedish : Lahtis ) is a city and municipality in Finland . Lahti is the capital of the region of Päijänne Tavastia ( Päijät-Häme ) . It is situated on a bay at the southern end of lake Vesijärvi about 100 kilometres ( 60 mi ) north-east of the capital Helsinki . In English , the Finnish word Lahti literally means bay . The Lahti region is growing and is one of the main economic hubs of Finland . The coat of arms of the city depicts a train wheel surrounded by flames .'}]}, {'value': 'FC Lahti', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Lahti', 'summary': 'FC Lahti is a Finnish football club based in the city of Lahti . It currently plays in the Finnish Premier League ( Veikkausliiga ) after placing first in the Finnish First Division ( Ykkönen ) during season 2011 . The homeground of FC Lahti is Lahden Stadion . FC Lahti is famous of being the local team of the most successful Finnish player , Jari Litmanen , who played for the club in two stints in 2004 and 2009-10 . In his youth years and the start of his career , he played in Reipas Lahti .'}]}, {'value': 'Porin Stadion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Porin_Stadion', 'summary': "Pori Stadium ( Finnish : Porin stadion ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Pori , Finland . It is currently used primarily for football and stadium is the home of FC Jazz and NiceFutis . It is also the former home ground of FC PoPa . Pori Stadium is located at Isomäki sports center some two kilometres south of the city . Stadium is sometimes nicknamed as the Stadium of Eternal Wind due to windy conditions that are common on the stadium and its surroundings . By the main entrance is a javelin thrower statue by Finnish sculptor Kalervo Kallio which is inspired by Matti Järvinen 's gold medal throw at the 1932 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': '11,000 ( 15,000 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Pori', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pori', 'summary': 'Pori ( Finnish : [ ˈpori ] ; Swedish : Björneborg [ bjœrneˈborj ] ( listen ) ; Latin : Arctopolis ) is a city and municipality on the west coast of Finland . The city is located some 10 kilometres ( 6 mi ) from the Gulf of Bothnia , on the estuary of the Kokemäenjoki river . Pori was established in 1558 by Duke John , who later became John III of Sweden . The city has a population of 84,318 ( 31 January 2019 ) and covers an area of 2,062.00 square kilometres ( 796.14 sq mi ) of which 870.01 km2 ( 335.91 sq mi ) is water . The population density is 101.09/km2 ( 261.8/sq mi ) . The municipality is unilingually Finnish . It is the 11th largest city in Finland , and the 7th largest urban area . Pori is also the capital of the Satakunta region ( pop . 224,028 ) and the Pori sub-region ( pop . 136,905 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'FC Jazz', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Jazz', 'summary': 'FC Jazz is a football club from Pori , Finland . It plays in the Finnish third tier Kakkonen .'}]}, {'value': 'Telia 5G -areena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Telia_5G_-areena', 'summary': 'The Bolt Arena ( named Telia 5G -areena until January 2020 , named Sonera Stadium until April 2017 , and Finnair Stadium until August 2010 ; also known as Töölön jalkapallostadion , Töölö football stadium ) is a football stadium in Helsinki , Finland . It is named after the Telia Company .'}]}, {'value': '10,770 ( 25,000 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Helsinki', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Helsinki', 'summary': "Helsinki ( /ˈhɛlsɪŋki/ HEL-sink-ee or /hɛlˈsɪŋki/ ( listen ) hel-SINK-ee , Finnish : [ ˈhelsiŋki ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Helsingfors [ hɛlsɪŋˈfɔʂː ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ helsiŋˈforsː ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of Finland . Located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland , it is the seat of the region of Uusimaa in southern Finland , and has a population of 650,058 . The city 's urban area has a population of 1,268,296 , making it by far the most populous urban area in Finland as well as the country 's most important center for politics , education , finance , culture , and research . Helsinki is located 80 kilometres ( 50 mi ) north of Tallinn , Estonia , 400 km ( 250 mi ) east of Stockholm , Sweden , and 300 km ( 190 mi ) west of Saint Petersburg , Russia . It has close historical ties with these three cities . Together with the cities of Espoo , Vantaa , and Kauniainen , and surrounding commuter towns , Helsinki forms the Greater Helsinki metropolitan area , which has a population of nearly 1.5 million . Often considered to be Finland 's only metropolis , it is the world 's northernmost metro area with over one million people as well as the northernmost capital of an EU member state . After Stockholm and Oslo , Helsinki is the third largest municipality in the Nordic countries . Swedish and Finnish are both official languages . The city is served by the international Helsinki Airport , located in the neighboring city of Vantaa , with frequent service to many destinations in Europe and Asia . Helsinki was the World Design Capital for 2012 , the venue for the 1952 Summer Olympics , and the host of the 52nd Eurovision Song Contest in 2007 . Helsinki has one of the highest urban standards of living in the world ."}]}, {'value': 'HJK , HIFK , Finland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/HJK_Helsinki', 'summary': "Helsingin Jalkapalloklubi ( literally The Football Club of Helsinki ) , commonly known as HJK Helsinki , or simply as HJK , is a professional football club based in Helsinki , Finland . The club competes in the Finnish Veikkausliiga . Founded in 1907 , the club has spent most of its history in the top tier of Finnish football . The club 's home ground is the 10,770-seat Telia 5G -areena , where they have played since 2000 . Generally considered Finland 's biggest club , HJK is the most successful Finnish club in terms of championship titles with 29 . The club has also won 13 Finnish Cups and 5 Finnish League Cups . Many of Finland 's most successful players have played for HJK before moving abroad . The club has also similar success with women 's Naisten Liiga . HJK is the only Finnish club that has participated in the UEFA Champions League group stage . In 1998 , they beat Metz in the play-off round to clinch their place in the competition for the following season . HJK has also participated in the UEFA Europa League , in 2014-15 , defeating Rapid Wien in the play-off round . The club 's highest score in a European competition came during the 2011-12 season , with a 13-0 aggregate victory over Welsh champions Bangor City , which included a 10-0 home win ."}, {'url': '/wiki/HIFK_Helsinki', 'summary': "HIFK ( a traditional abbreviation of Idrottsföreningen Kamraterna , Helsingfors , English : Sporting Society Comrades , Helsinki ) is a professional ice hockey team based in Helsinki , Finland that plays in the Liiga , the sport 's top-level league in Finland . The team plays at Helsinki Ice Hall . The club was founded in 1897 and started participating in ice hockey in 1929 . Since then , HIFK has won the Finnish national championship seven times ( 1969 , 1970 , 1974 , 1980 , 1983 , 1998 , and 2011 ) . HIFK has the highest number of audience in the Liiga and is one of the wealthiest sports clubs in Finland . The derbies against local rivals Jokerit were often sold out and were among the fiercest in Nordic ice hockey , but are no longer played following Jokerit 's withdrawal from Liiga after the 2013-14 season to join the Russian-based Kontinental Hockey League ( KHL ) . Following a history of even series of games , HIFK won the game total with 106-105 after a 2-1 victory in a classical outdoor game in March 2014 , claiming the title of Helsinki 's dominion . HIFK 's general manager starting from May 1 , 2008 , is Jukka Valtanen . He is the successor of Pentti Matikainen , who coached Team Finland to its first hockey Olympic medal ( silver ) in Calgary 1988 . HIFK won the Finnish national championship in the 2010-11 season when they defeated Espoo Blues . The championship team from 1998 is widely recognized as one of the best ever to have skated together in the top flight of Finnish ice hockey . [ citation needed ] Players on the 1998 championship team included a number of future ( and former ) NHL players - including Tim Thomas , Jan Čaloun , Johan Davidsson , Bob Halkidis , Olli Jokinen , Jere Karalahti , Jarno Kultanen , Brian Rafalski , Christian Ruuttu , Jarkko Ruutu , Kimmo Timonen and Marko Tuomainen ."}, {'url': "/wiki/Finland_women's_national_football_team", 'summary': "The Finland women 's national football team represents Finland in international women 's football . The team , controlled by the Football Association of Finland ( SPL/FBF ) , reached the semi-finals of the 2005 European Championship , surprising the female football world having drawn with Sweden and beaten Denmark . Finland hosted the 2009 EC finals . The Finnish team now has a few players that are considered to be among the best in the female football , such as Laura Österberg Kalmari , Sanna Valkonen and Anne Mäkinen . As of March 2017 , the team is ranked 28th in the FIFA world ranking . This is the lowest status since the ranking started in 2003 . From 2004 to 2010 the typical ranking was # 16 ."}]}, {'value': 'Veritas Stadion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Veritas_Stadion', 'summary': "Veritas Stadion is an association football stadium in Turku , Finland . It is situated in the district of Kupittaa , in an area dedicated to sporting venues . The stadium serves as the home venue for FC Inter Turku and Turun Palloseura playing in Finland 's premier football league , the Veikkausliiga . The stadium underwent an expansion in 2009 , when a stand with 1,644 seats was built to meet the demands for the UEFA Women 's Euro 2009 . The stadium has a capacity of 9,372 spectators , with 8,072 seats and 1,300 standing places . In Veritas Stadion there are two stands opposite to each other . The old Olympic stand ( Olympiakatsomo ) was built for the 1952 Summer Olympics and the new , modern main stand was ready in 2003 . After that the name of the stadium was changed to Veritas Stadion , having formerly been known simply as the Kupittaa football stadium ( Kupittaan jalkapallostadion ) . The old Kupittaa Stadium 's record attendance was approximately 15,000 spectators for the 1987-88 UEFA Cup match between Turun Palloseura and Italian giants Inter Milan . The Veritas Stadion 's attendance record of 9,089 spectators was set at the local derby between Turun Palloseura and Inter Turku in 2009 ."}]}, {'value': '9,000 ( 15,000 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Turku', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Turku', 'summary': 'Turku ( /ˈtʊərkuː/ TOOR-koo , Finnish : [ ˈturku ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Åbo [ ˈǒːbʊ ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ ˈoːbu ] ( listen ) ) is a city on the southwest coast of Finland at the mouth of the Aura River , in the region of Finland Proper ( Varsinais-Suomi ) . The region was originally called Suomi ( Finland ) , which later became the name for the whole country . Turku , as a town , was never founded . The Pope first mentioned the town Aboa in his Bulla in 1229 and the year is now used as the foundation year of the city . As the oldest town in the country Turku was the most important city in Finland , a status it retained for hundreds of years throughout the centuries under the rule of the Kingdom of Sweden . After the war Finland became an autonomous grand duchy of the Russian Empire ( 1809 ) under the direct rule of the Czar and the capital of the autonomous Grand Duchy of Finland was moved to Helsinki ( 1812 ) . It was only after the last great fire in 1827 that most governmental institutions were moved to Helsinki along with the Academy of Turku ( Turun Akatemia ) founded in 1640 , which then became the University of Helsinki . Turku continued to be the most populous city in Finland until the end of the 1840s , and it remains the regional capital and an important business and cultural center and port . Because of its long history , it has been the site of many important events , and has extensively influenced Finnish history . The history of the country is closely linked to Turku , the former capital . Along with Tallinn , the capital city of Estonia , Turku was designated the European Capital of Culture for 2011 . In 1996 , it was declared the official Christmas City of Finland .'}]}, {'value': 'Inter Turku , TPS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Inter_Turku', 'summary': 'Football Club International Turku , commonly referred to as Inter Turku and colloquially known as Inter , is a professional football club based in Turku , Finland , that competes in the Veikkausliiga , the top flight of Finnish Football . Founded in 1990 by Stefan Håkans , the club has a rivalry with Turun Palloseura . Inter have won one League title , two Finnish Cups , and one League Cup . They play their home league matches at Veritas Stadion , with a capacity of 9,372 seats for most matches .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Turun_Palloseura', 'summary': 'Turun Palloseura , commonly known as TPS , is a professional football club based in Turku , Finland . During the 2019 season , the mens first team of the club competes in Ykkönen , the second highest tier of mens football , and the womens first team in Naisten Liiga , the highest level of womens football in Finland . Nicknamed Tepsi , the club was founded in 1922 . TPS have won 8 League titles and 3 Finnish Cups . They play their home league matches at Veritas Stadion , with a capacity of 9,372 seats for most matches .'}]}, {'value': 'Keskusurheilukenttä Stadion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Keskusurheilukenttä_Stadion', 'summary': 'Keskusurheilukenttä is a multi-use stadium in Kouvola , Finland . It is used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of the bandy club Kouvolan Sudet ( Wolves ) . The stadium has an occupancy of 12,000 .'}]}, {'value': '8,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kouvola', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kouvola', 'summary': 'Kouvola ( Finnish pronunciation : [ ˈkou̯wolɑ ] ) is a city and municipality in southeastern Finland . It is located on the Kymijoki River in the region of Kymenlaakso and 134 kilometres ( 83 mi ) northeast of the capital , Helsinki . The city has a population of 83,149 ( 31 January 2019 ) and covers an area of 2,883.30 square kilometres ( 1,113.25 sq mi ) of which 325.06 km2 ( 125.51 sq mi ) is water . The population density is 32.5 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 84/sq mi ) . Kouvola is bordered by the municipalities of Hamina , Heinola , Iitti , Kotka , Lapinjärvi , Loviisa , Luumäki , Miehikkälä , Mäntyharju , Pyhtää and Savitaipale .'}]}, {'value': 'Sudet', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kouvolan_Sudet', 'summary': "Sudet ( Wolves in English ) is a sports club from Kouvola , Finland , playing bandy and association football . The club was formed in 1912 and was based firstly in Viipuri ( Vyborg ) , then in Helsinki , before finally moving to Kouvola . Sudet formerly played in the Bandyliiga , the top bandy league in Finland , and has become Finnish champions many times . As of 2014 , the club is the reigning national champion in women 's bandy . Sudet currently plays football in the Kolmonen ( Fourth Division ) and their home ground is at the Keskusurheilukenttä , Kouvola . The Club Chairman is Vesa Vainio ."}]}, {'value': 'Tehtaan kenttä', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tehtaan_kenttä', 'summary': "Tehtaan kenttä ( Swedish : Fabriksplan ) is a 1934 opened football ( soccer ) stadium in the 1st district of Valkeakoski , Finland , and the home of FC Haka . The stadium holds an attendance capacity of 3,516 . The record for attendance is 6,401 and was set in a game against rival team HJK Helsinki in 1999 . In addition to its history , the stadium is noted especially for its surroundings , while located in a big park and having the nearby UPM-Kymmene paper mill lay at the southwestern end of the pitch . The name ( lit . the factory pitch ) derives from UPM 's ownership of the stadium ( until being sold in 2014 ) as well as the stadium 's proximity to and open view of the paper mill characteristic to the town of Valkeakoski . Amongst others , these features contribute to considerations and references to the stadium as one of the most unique and beautiful ones in Finland ."}]}, {'value': '6,400', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Valkeakoski', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Valkeakoski', 'summary': 'Valkeakoski ( lit . white rapids ) is a small city and municipality in Finland . Valkeakoski is located 35 kilometres ( 22 mi ) south of Tampere and 150 km ( 93 mi ) north of Helsinki in the Pirkanmaa region . The municipality has a population of 21,135 ( 31 January 2019 ) and covers an area of 372.03 square kilometres ( 143.64 sq mi ) of which 100.06 km2 ( 38.63 sq mi ) is water . The population density is 77.71 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 201.3/sq mi ) . The municipality is unilingually Finnish . Valkeakoski is best known for its paper industry and domestically highly successful football team , FC Haka . The town and the paper industry have both grown by the Valkeakoski rapids between the lake Mallasvesi in the north and the lake Vanajavesi in the south .'}]}, {'value': 'Haka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Haka', 'summary': "FC Haka is a Finnish football club based in the industry town of Valkeakoski . It is currently competing in Finland 's premier division of football , Veikkausliiga . It is one of the most successful clubs in Finland , with nine Finnish championships and 12 Finnish Cup wins ."}]}, {'value': 'Kaarlen Kenttä', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kaarlen_Kenttä', 'summary': 'Kaarlen kenttä is a multi-use stadium in Vaasa , Finland . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FC Kiisto . The stadium holds 5,500 people .'}]}, {'value': '5,500', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vaasa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vaasa', 'summary': 'Vaasa ( Finnish : [ ˈʋɑːsɑ ] ; Swedish : Vasa [ ˈvɑ̂ːsa ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ ˈvɑːsɑ ] ( listen ) ) is a city on the west coast of Finland . It received its charter in 1606 , during the reign of Charles IX of Sweden and is named after the Royal House of Vasa . Vaasa has a population of 67,588 ( 31 January 2019 ) ( approximately 120,000 in the Vaasa sub-region ) , and is the regional capital of Ostrobothnia ( Swedish : Österbotten ; Finnish : Pohjanmaa ) . The city is bilingual with 69.8% of the population speaking Finnish as their first language and 24.8% speaking Swedish . The surrounding Ostrobothnian municipalities have a clear Swedish-speaking majority , which is why the Swedish language maintains a strong position in the city .'}]}, {'value': 'FC Kiisto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Kiisto', 'summary': 'FC Kiisto is a Finnish football club , based in the city of Vaasa . It currently plays in Kolmonen ( Third Division ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Tammela Stadion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tammela_Stadion', 'summary': 'Tammelan Stadion is a football stadium in Tampere , Finland . The stadium holds 5,050 people and was built in 1931 . It is the home ground for the Veikkausliiga club Ilves and the Kakkonen sides TPV and Tampere United . The Ilves womens team , which plays in the Naisten liiga , also uses the stadium .'}]}, {'value': '5,040', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tampere', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tampere', 'summary': "Tampere ( /ˈtæmpəreɪ/ , also US : /ˈtɑːm-/ , Finnish : [ ˈtɑmpere ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Tammerfors [ tɑmːærˈforsː ] ( listen ) ) is a city in Pirkanmaa , southern Finland . It is the most populous inland city in the Nordic countries . Tampere has a population of 235,615 with the urban area holding 334,112 people and the metropolitan area , also known as the Tampere sub-region , holding 385,301 inhabitants in an area of 4,970 km2 . Tampere is the second-largest urban area and third most-populous individual municipality in Finland , after the cities of Helsinki and Espoo and the most populous Finnish city outside the Greater Helsinki area , within which both Helsenki and Espoo are both located . Tampere is the major urban , economic , and cultural hub for central Finland . [ citation needed ] Tampere is wedged between two lakes , Näsijärvi and Pyhäjärvi . Since the two lakes differ in level by 18 metres ( 59 ft ) , the rapids linking them , Tammerkoski , have been an important power source throughout history , most recently for generating electricity . Tampere is dubbed the Manchester of Finland for its industrial past as the former center of Finnish industry , and this has given rise to its Finnish nickname Manse and terms such as Manserock . Helsinki is approximately 160 kilometres ( 100 mi ) south of Tampere , and can be reached in 1h 31m by Pendolino high-speed rail service and 2 hours by car . The distance to Turku is roughly the same . Tampere-Pirkkala Airport is Finland 's eighth-busiest airport , with over 230,000 passengers in 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Ilves , PP-70 , TPV', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Ilves', 'summary': "Ilves Tampere is a Finnish football club , based in Tampere . They currently play in the Veikkausliiga , the highest level of professional football in Finland . They were formed in 1975 as a merger between Ilves-Kissat Tampere and TaPa Tampere , and joined the Premier Division in 1979 . Ilves won the Finnish League championship in 1983 and the Finnish Cup on three occasions in 1979 , 1990 , and 2019 . In the late 1990s , Ilves suffered financial trouble and its professional team was reformed into Tampere United before the 1999 season . The initial plan was to join Ilves with TPV , but TPV decided to continue as its own team . As a result , Tampere United inherited Ilves ' place in the second highest division , and Ilves dissolved their mens team . Thus the club did not have a men 's team from 1999 to 2007 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/PP-70', 'summary': 'Tampereen Peli-Pojat-70 ( abbreviated PP-70 ) is a football club from Tampere , Finland that was established in 1970 . PP-70 currently plays in the Nelonen with its home venue at the Ikurin Virelä ( Ikuri Sports Field ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Tampereen_Pallo-Veikot', 'summary': 'Tampereen Pallo-Veikot or TPV is a Finnish football club , based in Tampere . The club plays in the Kakkonen , the third highest level of football in Finland . It is the second largest football club in the Pirkanmaa region in terms of active members , with 1,600 members in 2005 .'}]}, {'value': 'Harjun Stadion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harjun_Stadion', 'summary': 'Harjun stadion is an athletics and football stadium in Jyväskylä , Finland . It is the home stadium of a local football club JJK that currently plays in Ykkönen . The stadium holds 5,000 spectators and was opened in 1926 .'}]}, {'value': '5,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jyväskylä', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jyväskylä', 'summary': 'Jyväskylä ( Finnish pronunciation : [ ˈjyʋæsˌkylæ ] ) is a city and municipality in Finland in the western part of the Finnish Lakeland , some 130 km north-east from Tampere . It is the largest city in the region of Central Finland and on the Finnish Lakeland . Elias Lönnrot , the compiler of the Finnish national epic , the Kalevala , gave the city the nickname Athens of Finland . This nickname refers to the major role of Jyväskylä as an educational centre . The works of the most famous Finnish architect Alvar Aalto can be seen throughout the city . The city hosts the Neste Oil Rally Finland , which is part of the World Rally Championship . It is also home of the annual Jyväskylä Arts Festival . As of 31 January 2019 , Jyväskylä had a population of 141,374 . The city has been one of the fastest growing cities in Finland during the 20th century . In 1940 , there were only 8,000 inhabitants in Jyväskylä . The Jyväskylä sub-region includes Jyväskylä , Hankasalmi , Laukaa , Muurame , Petäjävesi , Toivakka , and Uurainen .'}]}, {'value': 'JJK', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/JJK_Jyväskylä', 'summary': 'JJK Jyväskylä ( JJK ; full name Jyväskylän Jalkapalloklubi ) is a Finnish football club , based in Jyväskylä . It currently plays in the Finnish second highest league Ykkönen . The club has two managers , Mikko Manninen and Janne Korhonen . JJK plays its home matches at Harjun Stadion .'}]}, {'value': 'Jakobstads Centralplan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jakobstads_Centralplan', 'summary': 'Jakobstads Centralplan is a multi-use stadium in Jakobstad , Finland . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FF Jaro . The stadium holds 5,000 .'}]}, {'value': '5,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jakobstad', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jakobstad', 'summary': 'Jakobstad ( Finnish : Pietarsaari ) is a town and municipality in Ostrobothnia , Finland . The town has a population of 19,287 ( 31 January 2019 ) and covers a land area of 88.31 square kilometres ( 34.10 sq mi ) . The population density is 218.4 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 566/sq mi ) . Neighbour municipalities are Larsmo , Pedersöre , and Nykarleby .'}]}, {'value': 'FF Jaro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FF_Jaro', 'summary': 'FF Jaro is a Finnish football club , based in the bilingual town of Jakobstad . It currently plays in Ykkönen . Home matches are played at the Jakobstads Centralplan .'}]}, {'value': 'Kuopion keskuskenttä', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuopion_keskuskenttä', 'summary': 'Kuopio Football Stadium ( Finnish : Kuopion keskuskenttä ) , also known as Savon Sanomat Areena ( formerly Magnum Areena ) is a multi-use stadium in Kuopio , Finland . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of KuPS and Pallokissat . The stadium holds 5,000 and was built in 2005 .'}]}, {'value': '5,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kuopio', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kuopio', 'summary': "Kuopio ( Finnish pronunciation : [ ˈkuo̯pio ] ) is a Finnish city and municipality located in the region of Northern Savonia ( Pohjois-Savo ) . It has a population of 118,667 , which makes it the ninth-most populous city in Finland and the most populous city in Eastern Finland Province . Kuopio has a total area of 4,326.35 square kilometres ( 1,670.41 sq mi ) , of which 719.85 km2 ( 277.94 sq mi ) is water and half is forest . Though the city 's population is a spread-out 74/km2 ( 190/sq mi ) , the city 's urban areas are populated comparably densely ( urban area : 1,618 /km² ) , making Kuopio Finland 's second-most densely populated city . Since 1969 Kuopio has grown extensively through municipality mergers . Kuopio 's population surpassed 100,000 when the town of Nilsiä joined the city at the beginning of 2013 ."}]}, {'value': 'KuPS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KuPS', 'summary': "Kuopion Palloseura ( or KuPS ) is a Finnish football club , based in the 9th most populated city of Finland , Kuopio . KuPS plays in Finland 's Premier League , Veikkausliiga . The team plays its home matches at Savon Sanomat Areena . Until June 2005 , KuPS used to play at an aged track and field stadium in Väinölänniemi , which is said to be one of the most beautiful sporting places in Finland . Väinölänniemi is a cape surrounded by a local lake , Kallavesi . KuPS has won the Finnish championship 5 times , the Finnish Cup 2 times and the Finnish League Cup once . KuPS also holds the Finnish club record of the most consecutive seasons in the top flight , from 1949 to 1992 . The team is placed fourth in the all-time Finnish premier league honour table ."}]}, {'value': 'Tapiolan Urheilupuisto', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tapiolan_Urheilupuisto', 'summary': 'Tapiolan urheilupuisto ( Swedish : Hagalunds idrottspark ; English : Tapiola Sports Park ) is a sports park in the Tapiola District of Espoo , Finland . The park includes several sports halls and football pitches as well as the multipurpose Espoo Metro Areena . The Urheilupuisto metro station , which connects the park to the Länsimetro , was opened in 2017 .'}]}, {'value': '5,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Espoo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Espoo', 'summary': 'Espoo ( Finnish : [ ˈespoː ] ; Swedish : Esbo [ ˈɛ̌sːbɔ ] , [ check IPA ] Finland Swedish : [ ˈesːbo ] ( listen ) ) is the second largest city and municipality in Finland . It is part of the Finnish Capital Region , along with the cities of Helsinki , Vantaa , and Kauniainen , and most of its population lives in the inner urban core of the Helsinki metropolitan area . Espoo shares its eastern border with Helsinki and Vantaa , while enclosing Kauniainen . Other bordering municipalities of Espoo are Nurmijärvi and Vihti in the north , and Kirkkonummi in the west . The city is located on the shore of the Gulf of Finland , in the region of Uusimaa , and has a population of 284,444 . Espoo encompasses 528 square kilometres ( 204 sq mi ) , of which 312 km2 ( 120 sq mi ) is land . The national park of Nuuksio is situated in northwestern Espoo . Espoo does not have a traditional city center , having instead several local regional centers . Espoo is thus divided into seven major areas ( Finnish : suuralueet , Swedish : storområden ) : Vanha-Espoo ( with administrative center ) , Suur-Espoonlahti , Pohjois-Espoo , Suur-Kauklahti , Suur-Leppävaara , Suur-Matinkylä , and Suur-Tapiola . Aalto University is based in Otaniemi , Espoo , along with a thriving science community that includes numerous startups and organizations such as VTT - the Technical Research Center of Finland . Several major companies are based in Espoo , including Nokia , HMD Global , Tieto , KONE , Neste , Fortum , Orion Corporation , Outokumpu , and Foreca , as well as video game developers Rovio and Remedy Entertainment . The city of Espoo is officially bilingual .'}]}, {'value': 'FC Honka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Honka', 'summary': "FC Honka ( also known as Esport Honka ) is a Finnish football club , based in Espoo . It was promoted into the Finnish premier division ( Veikkausliiga ) , for the first time in its history , at the end of the 2005 season . The club 's manager is Vesa Vasara and it plays its home matches at Tapiolan urheilupuisto . It was founded in 1957 as Tapion Honka , and changed its name to FC Honka in 1975 . FC Honka is largely renowned in Finland for its extensive youth scheme with over 1000 youth players playing in various age groups . It also has women 's football team in the Naisten Liiga . Until 2005 FC Honka was thought of as a nearly , but not quite team , always underachieving in the Finnish First Division ( Ykkönen ) . In the late 1990s the objective was promotion but year after year they failed . In the beginning of the 21st century FC Honka almost went bankrupt but was saved at the last moment . In early 2005 the club was taken over by Jouko Pakarinen and Jouko Harjunpää , who had a plan to turn FC Honka from underachievers to a UEFA Champions League candidate . In the first year of their take-over of FC Honka , the management succeeded in assembling a squad which won the First Division ( Ykkönen ) with ease and also made the semi-finals of the Finnish Cup where they eventually lost 1-0 to FC Haka . FC Honka was able to fight for top positions instantly , but narrowly missed the top three in their first two seasons ."}]}, {'value': 'Arto Tolsa Areena', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arto_Tolsa_Areena', 'summary': "Arto Tolsa Areena is a football stadium in Kotka , Finland . It is the home stadium of Kotkan Työväen Palloilijat ( KTP ) . The stadium holds 4,780 and was inaugurated in 1952 for the Helsinki Olympics . The stadium 's record attendance was made during the Olympic Games in the football match between the Soviet Union and Bulgaria , the score having been 2-1 a.e.t . Depending on the source , the record is 10,000 , or 10,637 or 10,950 . Arto Tolsa Areena used to be known as Urheilukeskus ( Sports Center in Finnish ) . It got its current name after it was renovated around the turn of millennium . The current name comes from Arto Tolsa , who was a legendary Finnish player of Kotkan Työväen Palloilijat , the predecessor of KTP . The covered main stand holds 2,500 spectators . The size of the pitch is 105 by 65 metres . The power of the lighting system is 1200 lux . At the beginning of the 2015 season , the pitch was converted to an artificial playing surface ."}]}, {'value': '4,780', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kotka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kotka', 'summary': 'Kotka is a town in the southern part of the Kymenlaakso province on the Gulf of Finland . Kotka is a major port and industrial city and also a diverse school and cultural city . The neighboring municipalities of Kotka are Hamina , Kouvola and Pyhtää . Kotka belongs to the Kotka-Hamina subdivision . Kotka is located on the coast of the Gulf of Finland at the mouth of Kymi River and it is part of the Kymenlaakso region in southern Finland . The neighboring municipalities of Kotka are Hamina , Kouvola and Pyhtää . Kotka belongs to the Kotka-Hamina subdivision . The Port of Kotka is a major Finnish sea port that serves both the foreign trade of Finland and Russia . The municipality is officially unilingually Finnish , with 89.8% being native Finnish speakers , 1% Swedish , and 9.3% speaking some other language .'}]}, {'value': 'FC KTP', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_KTP', 'summary': "Kotkan Työväen Palloilijat ( abbreviated as KTP ) is a Finnish football club based in Kotka , Finland , and currently competing in Finland 's second league , Ykkönen . The club was founded in 1927 and its colours are green and white . Immediately after its formation the club joined the Finnish Workers ' Sports Federation , to which it still belongs . KTP play its home matches at Arto Tolsa Areena ."}]}, {'value': 'ISS Stadion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ISS_Stadion', 'summary': 'Myyrmäen jalkapallostadion , formerly ISS Stadion and Pohjola Stadion is a football stadium in Vantaa , Finland . It is the homeground of PK-35 Vantaa , which plays in Kolmonen . The stadium holds 4,700 and was built in 2000 . The IFAF 2018 European Championship of American Football will be held in Myyrmäen jalkapallostadion at 29 July - 4 August 2018 .'}]}, {'value': '4,700', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vantaa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vantaa', 'summary': 'Vantaa ( Finnish pronunciation : [ ˈʋɑntɑː ] ; Swedish : Vanda , [ ˈvânːda ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ ˈvɑnːdɑ ] ) is a city and municipality in Finland . It is part of the inner core of the Finnish Capital Region along with Helsinki , Espoo , and Kauniainen . With a population of 228,678 ( 31 January 2019 ) , Vantaa is the fourth most populated city in Finland . Vantaa is bordered by Helsinki , the Finnish capital , to the south ; Espoo to the southwest ; Nurmijärvi to the northwest ; Kerava and Tuusula to the north ; and Sipoo to the east . The city encompasses 240.35 square kilometres ( 92.80 sq mi ) , of which 1.97 km2 ( 0.76 sq mi ) is water . The largest airport in Finland , and the main airport and airline hub of Greater Helsinki , the Helsinki Airport , is located in Vantaa . Companies with headquarters in Vantaa include Finnair , Finavia , R-kioski , Tikkurila Oyj , Veikkaus Oy , and Metsähallitus . The city also hosts a science center , Heureka . The city of Vantaa is bilingual , both Finnish and Swedish being official languages . 78.7% of the population are Finnish speakers , while 2.4% speak Swedish as their first language . 18.9% of the population speak a native language other than Finnish or Swedish .'}]}, {'value': 'PK-35 Vantaa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/PK-35_Vantaa', 'summary': "PK-35 Vantaa ( formerly Pallokerho-35 or PK-35 ) was a Finnish football club , based in Vantaa . It last played in the Finnish League ( Veikkausliiga ) . As of the 2016 season the club was based at the Myyrmäen jalkapallostadion , Myyrmäki , Vantaa . PK-35 was founded in Vyborg in 1935 . After the Finnish Winter War and Second World War , PK-35 was refounded in Helsinki in 1948 . When PK-35 was coached by Pasi Rautiainen in the mid-1990s they were promoted to Finland 's top division , the Veikkausliiga . After some economical troubles the first team was acquired by Hjallis Harkimo and renamed FC Jokerit . The PK-35 club , however , continued with the other teams in lower divisions using its original name . PK-35 was promoted to Kakkonen in 2001 and to Ykkönen in 2005 ."}]}, {'value': 'Raatti Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Raatti_Stadium', 'summary': 'Raatti Stadium ( Finnish : Raatin stadion ) is a multi-purpose stadium in the Koskikeskus neighbourhood of Oulu , Finland . It is currently used mostly for football matches and the stadium holds 4,392 people . It was opened in 1953 and renovated in 2009-2011 .'}]}, {'value': '4,400', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Oulu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oulu', 'summary': "Oulu ( /ˈoʊluː/ OH-loo , Finnish : [ ˈou̯lu ] ( listen ) ; Swedish : Uleåborg [ ʉːlɛɔˈbɔrj ] ( listen ) ) is a city and municipality of 203,750 inhabitants ( 31 January 2019 ) in the region of North Ostrobothnia , Finland . It is the most populous city in Northern Finland , and the fifth most populous in the country . Only the city of Murmansk , Russia , has more people and is further north . Oulu is considered one of Europe 's living labs , where residents experiment with new technology ( such as NFC tags and ubi-screens ) on a community-wide scale ."}]}, {'value': 'AC Oulu , OPS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/AC_Oulu', 'summary': "AC Oulu ( ACO ) is a Finnish football club based in Oulu . Formed in 2002 , the club have played two seasons in Finland 's highest football league Veikkausliiga and seven seasons in the second highest league Ykkönen . The club are currently playing in Ykkönen . They play their home games at Raatti Stadium , and the club colours are navy blue and white ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Oulun_Palloseura_(football)', 'summary': 'Oulun Palloseura ( OPS ) is a Finnish football club based in Oulu . The team is currently playing in the Finnish second tier Ykkönen .'}]}, {'value': 'Hietalahti Stadium', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hietalahti_Stadium', 'summary': 'Hietalahti Stadium ( Finnish : Hietalahden jalkapallostadion ) , also known as Elisa Stadion for sponsorship reasons , is a multi-purpose stadium in Vaasa , Finland . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Vaasan Palloseura . The stadium has a capacity of 6,009 spectators . The stadium was originally built in 1935 . It was expanded to its current capacity in 2015-2016 . The name sponsor of the stadium is the Finnish telecommunications company Elisa . Hietalahti Stadium co-hosted the 2018 UEFA European Under-19 Championship in July 2018 .'}]}, {'value': '4,300', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vaasa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vaasa', 'summary': 'Vaasa ( Finnish : [ ˈʋɑːsɑ ] ; Swedish : Vasa [ ˈvɑ̂ːsa ] ( listen ) , Finland Swedish : [ ˈvɑːsɑ ] ( listen ) ) is a city on the west coast of Finland . It received its charter in 1606 , during the reign of Charles IX of Sweden and is named after the Royal House of Vasa . Vaasa has a population of 67,588 ( 31 January 2019 ) ( approximately 120,000 in the Vaasa sub-region ) , and is the regional capital of Ostrobothnia ( Swedish : Österbotten ; Finnish : Pohjanmaa ) . The city is bilingual with 69.8% of the population speaking Finnish as their first language and 24.8% speaking Swedish . The surrounding Ostrobothnian municipalities have a clear Swedish-speaking majority , which is why the Swedish language maintains a strong position in the city .'}]}, {'value': 'VPS', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vaasan_Palloseura', 'summary': "Vaasan Palloseura ( or VPS ) is a Finnish football club , based in Vaasa . It currently plays in the Finnish Premier Division ( Veikkausliiga ) . The club 's current manager is Petri Vuorinen . The club plays its home matches at Hietalahti . VPS played twice in the UEFA Cup in 1998-99 and in 1999-00 , but were knocked out in the 2nd Qualifying Round by Grazer AK of Austria and in the 1st Qualifying Round by St Johnstone of Scotland . In spring of 2015 it was announced that the construction of VPS 's new stadium would start soon . The construction of the new stadium began in the summer of 2015 and was completed in August 2016 ."}]}, {'value': 'Kymenlaakson Sähkö Stadion', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kymenlaakson_Sähkö_Stadion', 'summary': 'Kymenlaakson Sähkö Stadion ( formerly Saviniemen Jalkapallostadion and Anjalankosken Jalkapallostadion ) is a multi-use stadium in Kouvola , Finland . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of MYPA . The stadium holds 4,167 and was built in 1995 . The stadium has hosted several Europa League qualifying matches , including three in the 2010-11 tournament when MYPA were eliminated in the 3rd qualifying round by Romanian Club Timișoara .'}]}, {'value': '4,167', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kouvola', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kouvola', 'summary': 'Kouvola ( Finnish pronunciation : [ ˈkou̯wolɑ ] ) is a city and municipality in southeastern Finland . It is located on the Kymijoki River in the region of Kymenlaakso and 134 kilometres ( 83 mi ) northeast of the capital , Helsinki . The city has a population of 83,149 ( 31 January 2019 ) and covers an area of 2,883.30 square kilometres ( 1,113.25 sq mi ) of which 325.06 km2 ( 125.51 sq mi ) is water . The population density is 32.5 inhabitants per square kilometre ( 84/sq mi ) . Kouvola is bordered by the municipalities of Hamina , Heinola , Iitti , Kotka , Lapinjärvi , Loviisa , Luumäki , Miehikkälä , Mäntyharju , Pyhtää and Savitaipale .'}]}, {'value': 'MYPA', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/MYPA', 'summary': 'Myllykosken Pallo -47 ( or MYPA , formerly MyPa ) is a Finnish football club , based in the industrial village of Myllykoski , part of the city of Kouvola . The club temporarily shut down after having ceased operations in 2015 due to financial difficulties , but returned in 2017 earning a place in the fourth tier and won back-to-back promotions to reach the second division in 2019 .'}]}, {'value': 'Kaurialan Kenttä', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kaurialan_Kenttä', 'summary': 'Kaurialan kenttä is a multi-use stadium in Hämeenlinna , Finland . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FC Hämeenlinna . The stadium holds 4,000 people .'}]}, {'value': '4,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hämeenlinna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hämeenlinna', 'summary': 'Hämeenlinna ( Swedish : Tavastehus ; Karelian : Hämienlinna ) is a city and municipality of about 68,000 inhabitants in the heart of the historical province of Häme in the south of Finland . Hämeenlinna is the oldest inland city of Finland and was one of the most important Finnish cities until the 19th century . It still remains an important regional center . Hämeenlinna is the birthplace of composer Jean Sibelius . Today , it belongs to the region of Tavastia Proper ( Kanta-Häme ) , and before 2010 it was the residence city for the Governor of the province of Southern Finland . Nearby cities include the capital Helsinki ( 98 km or 61 mi ) , Tampere ( 73 km or 45 mi ) and Lahti ( 72 km or 45 mi ) . The medieval Häme Castle ( Hämeen linna ) is located in the city .'}]}, {'value': 'FC Hämeenlinna', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Hämeenlinna', 'summary': "FC Hämeenlinna is a Finnish football club , based in Hämeenlinna . It currently plays in the Finnish Second Division ( Kakkonen ) . The club 's manager is Tomi Uusitorppa , and it plays its home matches at Kauriala . The team was formed in 1991 ."}]}], 'section_title': '', 'section_text': 'The following is a list of football stadiums in Finland , ordered by capacity .', 'uid': 'List_of_football_stadiums_in_Finland_0', 'intro': 'The following is a list of football stadiums in Finland, ordered by capacity.'}
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What 's the former name of the team with a home stadium that hosted three Europa League qualifying matches in the 2010-11 ?
MyPa
04e1a0e5482bc975
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trofeo_Costa_del_Sol', 'title': 'Trofeo Costa del Sol', 'header': ['Year', 'Champion', 'Score', 'Runner-up'], 'data': [{'value': '1961', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Athletic Bilbao', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletic_Bilbao', 'summary': "Athletic Club , also commonly known as Athletic Bilbao ( Basque : Bilboko Athletic Kluba / Spanish : Athletic Club de Bilbao ) , is a Spanish professional football club based in the city of Bilbao in the Basque Country ( Spain ) . They are known as Los Leones ( The Lions ) because their stadium was built near a church called San Mamés ( Saint Mammes ) . Mammes was an early Christian thrown to the lions by the Romans . Mammes pacified the lions and was later made a saint and The team plays it 's home matches at the San Mamés Stadium . Athletic have won La Liga on eight occasions , fourth most in the history of the league . In the table of Copa del Rey titles , Athletic is second only to Barcelona , having won it 23 times . [ note 1 ] The club also has one of the most successful women 's teams in Spain , which has won five championships in the Primera División Femenina . The club is one of three founding members of the Primera División that have never been relegated from the top division since its inception in 1929 , the others being Real Madrid and Barcelona . These three clubs , along with Osasuna , are the only four professional clubs in Spain that are not sports corporations ; instead they are owned and operated by club members . Athletic 's main rivals are Real Sociedad , against whom it contests the Basque derby , and Real Madrid , due to sporting and political rivalry . At various points in the club 's history , further Basque league derbies have been contested against Alavés , Eibar and Osasuna . The club is known for its cantera policy of bringing young Basque players through the ranks , as well as recruiting players from other Basque clubs like Joseba Etxeberria and Javi Martínez ."}]}, {'value': '4-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sevilla', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sevilla_FC', 'summary': "Sevilla Fútbol Club ( Spanish pronunciation : [ seˈβiʎa ˈfuðβol ˈkluβ ] ) , commonly referred to as Sevilla , is a professional football club based in Seville , the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Andalusia , Spain . It plays in Spanish football 's top flight , La Liga . It is Spain 's oldest sporting club solely devoted to football . The club was formed on 25 January 1890 , with the Scottish born Edward Farquharson Johnston as their first president . On 14 October 1905 , the club 's articles of association were registered in the Civil Government of Seville under the presidency of the Jerez-born José Luis Gallegos Arnosa . Sevilla FC is also the most successful club in Andalusia , winning a national league title in 1945-46 , five Spanish Cups ( 1935 , 1939 , 1948 , 2007 and 2010 ) , one Spanish Super Cup ( 2007 ) , a record five UEFA Cups/UEFA Europa Leagues ( 2006 , 2007 , 2014 , 2015 and 2016 ) and the 2006 UEFA Super Cup . They were also designated by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics as the World 's best club in 2006 and 2007 , thus being the first club to achieve this distinction in two consecutive years . Its youth team Sevilla Atlético , founded in 1958 , currently play in Segunda División B . The club are affiliated to a side in Puerto Rico of the same name . Other clubs related to Sevilla FC include their women 's team , futsal team and former Superleague Formula team . The Club 's home ground is the 43,883-seat Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán Stadium . It is located in the neighborhood of Nervión , Seville and owes its name to Ramón Sánchez Pizjuan , who was Sevilla FC 's President for 17 years ."}]}, {'value': '1962', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Roma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/A.S._Roma', 'summary': "Associazione Sportiva Roma ( BIT : ASR , LSE : 0MT1 ; Rome Sport Association ) , commonly referred to as Roma ( Italian pronunciation : [ ˈroːma ] ) , is an Italian professional football club based in Rome . Founded by a merger in 1927 , Roma have participated in the top-tier of Italian football for all of their existence except for 1951-52 . Roma have won Serie A three times , in 1941-42 , 1982-83 and 2000-01 , as well as winning nine Coppa Italia titles and two Supercoppa Italiana titles . In European competitions , Roma won the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup in 1960-61 and were runners-up in the 1983-84 European Cup and the 1990-91 UEFA Cup . Fifteen players have won the FIFA World Cup while playing at Roma : Ferraris , Guaita and Masetti ( 1934 ) ; Donati , Monzeglio and Serantoni ( 1938 ) ; Bruno Conti ( 1982 ) ; Rudi Voller and Berthold ( 1990 ) ; Aldair ( 1994 ) ; Candela ( 1998 ) ; Cafu ( 2002 ) ; Daniele De Rossi , Simone Perrotta and Francesco Totti ( 2006 ) . Since 1953 , Roma have played their home matches at the Stadio Olimpico , a venue they share with city rivals Lazio . With a capacity of over 72,000 , it is the second-largest of its kind in Italy , with only the San Siro able to seat more . The club plan to move to a new stadium , though this is yet to start construction . The club 's home colours are Tyrian purple and gold , which gives Roma their nickname I Giallorossi ( The Yellow and Reds ) . These colours have often been combined with white shorts . Their club badge features a she-wolf , an allusion to the founding myth of Rome ."}]}, {'value': '3-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CD Málaga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CD_Málaga', 'summary': 'Club Deportivo Málaga was a Spanish football club based in Málaga , in the autonomous community of Andalusia . It played twenty seasons in La Liga , before being dissolved in 1992 .'}]}, {'value': '1963', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CD Málaga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CD_Málaga', 'summary': 'Club Deportivo Málaga was a Spanish football club based in Málaga , in the autonomous community of Andalusia . It played twenty seasons in La Liga , before being dissolved in 1992 .'}]}, {'value': '3-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Real Madrid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Real_Madrid_C.F.', 'summary': "Real Madrid Club de Fútbol ( Spanish pronunciation : [ reˈal maˈðɾið ˈkluβ ðe ˈfuðβol ] ( listen ) , meaning Royal Madrid Football Club ) , commonly referred to as Real Madrid , is a Spanish professional football club based in Madrid . Founded on 6 March 1902 as Madrid Football Club , the club has traditionally worn a white home kit since inception . The word real is Spanish for royal and was bestowed to the club by King Alfonso XIII in 1920 together with the royal crown in the emblem . The team has played its home matches in the 81,044-capacity Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in downtown Madrid since 1947 . Unlike most European sporting entities , Real Madrid 's members ( socios ) have owned and operated the club throughout its history . The club was estimated to be worth €3.8 billion ( $ 4.2 billion ) in 2019 , and it was the second highest-earning football club in the world , with an annual revenue of €757,3 million in 2019 . The club is one of the most widely supported teams in the world . Real Madrid is one of three founding members of La Liga that have never been relegated from the top division since its inception in 1929 , along with Athletic Bilbao and Barcelona . The club holds many long-standing rivalries , most notably El Clásico with Barcelona and El Derbi with Atlético Madrid . Real Madrid established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football during the 1950s , winning five consecutive European Cups and reaching the final seven times . This success was replicated in the league , which the club won five times in the space of seven years . This team , which consisted of players such as Alfredo Di Stéfano , Ferenc Puskás , Francisco Gento , and Raymond Kopa , is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time ."}]}, {'value': '1964', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sevilla', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sevilla_FC', 'summary': "Sevilla Fútbol Club ( Spanish pronunciation : [ seˈβiʎa ˈfuðβol ˈkluβ ] ) , commonly referred to as Sevilla , is a professional football club based in Seville , the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Andalusia , Spain . It plays in Spanish football 's top flight , La Liga . It is Spain 's oldest sporting club solely devoted to football . The club was formed on 25 January 1890 , with the Scottish born Edward Farquharson Johnston as their first president . On 14 October 1905 , the club 's articles of association were registered in the Civil Government of Seville under the presidency of the Jerez-born José Luis Gallegos Arnosa . Sevilla FC is also the most successful club in Andalusia , winning a national league title in 1945-46 , five Spanish Cups ( 1935 , 1939 , 1948 , 2007 and 2010 ) , one Spanish Super Cup ( 2007 ) , a record five UEFA Cups/UEFA Europa Leagues ( 2006 , 2007 , 2014 , 2015 and 2016 ) and the 2006 UEFA Super Cup . They were also designated by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics as the World 's best club in 2006 and 2007 , thus being the first club to achieve this distinction in two consecutive years . Its youth team Sevilla Atlético , founded in 1958 , currently play in Segunda División B . The club are affiliated to a side in Puerto Rico of the same name . Other clubs related to Sevilla FC include their women 's team , futsal team and former Superleague Formula team . The Club 's home ground is the 43,883-seat Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán Stadium . It is located in the neighborhood of Nervión , Seville and owes its name to Ramón Sánchez Pizjuan , who was Sevilla FC 's President for 17 years ."}]}, {'value': '2-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CD Málaga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CD_Málaga', 'summary': 'Club Deportivo Málaga was a Spanish football club based in Málaga , in the autonomous community of Andalusia . It played twenty seasons in La Liga , before being dissolved in 1992 .'}]}, {'value': '1965', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tottenham Hotspur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tottenham_Hotspur_F.C.', 'summary': "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club , commonly referred to as Tottenham ( /ˈtɒtənəm/ ) or Spurs , is an English professional football club in Tottenham , London , that competes in the Premier League . Tottenham Hotspur Stadium has been the club 's home ground since April 2019 , replacing their former home of White Hart Lane , which had been demolished to make way for the new stadium on the same site . Their training ground is on Hotspur Way in Bulls Cross in the London Borough of Enfield . The club is owned by ENIC Group . Tottenham have played in a first ( home ) strip of white shirts and navy blue shorts since the 1898-99 season . The club 's emblem is a cockerel standing upon a football , with a Latin motto Audere est Facere ( To Dare Is to Do ) . Founded in 1882 , Tottenham won the FA Cup for the first time in 1901 , the only non-League club to do so since the formation of the Football League in 1888 . Tottenham were the first club in the 20th century to achieve the League and FA Cup Double , winning both competitions in the 1960-61 season . After successfully defending the FA Cup in 1962 , in 1963 they became the first British club to win a UEFA club competition - the European Cup Winners ' Cup . They were also the inaugural winners of the UEFA Cup in 1972 , becoming the first British club to win two different major European trophies . They have collected at least one major trophy in each of the six decades from the 1950s to 2000s - an achievement only matched by Manchester United . In total , Spurs have won two league titles , eight FA Cups , four League Cups , seven FA Community Shields , one European Cup Winners ' Cup and two UEFA Cups ."}]}, {'value': '2-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Standard Liège', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Standard_Liège', 'summary': "Royal Standard de Liège , commonly referred to as Standard Liège ( French : [ stɑ̃daʁ ljɛʒ ] ; Dutch : Standard Luik [ ˈstɑndɑrt ˈlœyk ] ; German : Standard Lüttich [ ˈstandaɐ̯t ˈlʏtɪç , ˈʃtan- ] ) , is a Belgian football club from the city of Liège . They are one of the most successful clubs in Belgium , having won the Belgian league on ten occasions , most recently in 2007-08 and 2008-09 . They have been in the top flight without interruption since 1921 , longer than any other Belgian side . They have also won eight Belgian Cups , and in 1981-82 they reached the final of the European Cup Winners ' Cup , which they lost 2-1 against Barcelona . Standard players are nicknamed les Rouches [ le ʁuʃ ] because of their red jerseys . The French word for red , rouge , when pronounced with a Liège accent , sounds like rouche ."}]}, {'value': '1966', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tottenham Hotspur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tottenham_Hotspur_F.C.', 'summary': "Tottenham Hotspur Football Club , commonly referred to as Tottenham ( /ˈtɒtənəm/ ) or Spurs , is an English professional football club in Tottenham , London , that competes in the Premier League . Tottenham Hotspur Stadium has been the club 's home ground since April 2019 , replacing their former home of White Hart Lane , which had been demolished to make way for the new stadium on the same site . Their training ground is on Hotspur Way in Bulls Cross in the London Borough of Enfield . The club is owned by ENIC Group . Tottenham have played in a first ( home ) strip of white shirts and navy blue shorts since the 1898-99 season . The club 's emblem is a cockerel standing upon a football , with a Latin motto Audere est Facere ( To Dare Is to Do ) . Founded in 1882 , Tottenham won the FA Cup for the first time in 1901 , the only non-League club to do so since the formation of the Football League in 1888 . Tottenham were the first club in the 20th century to achieve the League and FA Cup Double , winning both competitions in the 1960-61 season . After successfully defending the FA Cup in 1962 , in 1963 they became the first British club to win a UEFA club competition - the European Cup Winners ' Cup . They were also the inaugural winners of the UEFA Cup in 1972 , becoming the first British club to win two different major European trophies . They have collected at least one major trophy in each of the six decades from the 1950s to 2000s - an achievement only matched by Manchester United . In total , Spurs have won two league titles , eight FA Cups , four League Cups , seven FA Community Shields , one European Cup Winners ' Cup and two UEFA Cups ."}]}, {'value': '1-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Benfica', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/S.L._Benfica', 'summary': "Sport Lisboa e Benfica ComC MHIH OM ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ sɨˈpɔɾ liʒˈboɐ i βɐ̃jˈfikɐ ] ) , commonly known as Benfica , is a professional football club based in Lisbon , Portugal , that competes in the Primeira Liga , the top flight of Portuguese football , where they are the current champions and the most successful team in terms of overall titles . Founded on 28 February 1904 as Sport Lisboa , Benfica is one of the Big Three clubs in Portugal that have never been relegated from Primeira Liga , along with rivals Sporting CP and FC Porto . Benfica are nicknamed As Águias ( The Eagles ) , for the symbol atop the club 's crest , and Os Encarnados ( The Reds ) , for the shirt colour . Since 2003 , their home ground has been the Estádio da Luz , which replaced the larger , original one , built in 1954 . Benfica is the most supported Portuguese club and the European club with the highest percentage of supporters in its own country , having over 230,000 members and an estimated 14 million supporters worldwide . The club 's anthem , Ser Benfiquista , refers to Benfica supporters , who are called benfiquistas . E pluribus unum is the club motto ; Águia Vitória , the mascot . Benfica is honoured with three Portuguese Orders : those of Christ ( Commander ) , of Prince Henry ( Honorary Member ) and of Merit ( Officer ) . With 83 major trophies won - 84 including the Latin Cup - Benfica is the most decorated club in Portugal . They have won 80 domestic trophies : a record 37 Primeira Liga titles , a record 26 Taça de Portugal , a record 7 Taça da Liga , 8 Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira and 3 Campeonato de Portugal . Internationally , they won back-to-back European Cups in 1961 and 1962 - a unique feat in Portuguese football - and were runners-up at the Intercontinental Cup in 1961 and '62 , at the European Cup in 1963 , '65 , '68 , '88 and '90 , and at the UEFA Cup/Europa League in 1983 , 2013 and '14 . Benfica 's ten European finals are a domestic record and ranked seventh all-time among UEFA clubs in 2014 ."}]}, {'value': '1967', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Espanyol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/RCD_Espanyol', 'summary': 'Reial Club Deportiu Espanyol de Barcelona ( Catalan : [ rəˈjal ˈklub dəpuɾˈtiw əspəˈɲɔl də βəɾsəˈlonə ] ; Royal Spanish Sports Club of Barcelona ) , commonly known as Espanyol , is a professional sports club based in Barcelona , Spain . Founded in 1900 , the club plays in La Liga , the highest division of Spanish football and play their home games at the RCDE Stadium , which holds up to 40,000 spectators . Espanyol has won the Copa del Rey four times , most recently in 2006 , and reached the UEFA Cup final in 1988 and 2007 . The team competes in the Barcelona Derby against FC Barcelona .'}]}, {'value': '2-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Argentina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Argentina_national_football_team', 'summary': "The Argentina national football team ( Spanish : Selección de fútbol de Argentina ) represents Argentina in international football , and is administered by the Argentine Football Association . Argentina 's home stadium is Estadio Monumental Antonio Vespucio Liberti in Buenos Aires . La Selección ( national team ) , also known as the La Albiceleste , has appeared in five World Cup finals , including the first final in 1930 , which they lost 4-2 to Uruguay . Argentina won in their next final appearance in 1978 , beating the Netherlands at extra time , 3-1 . Argentina won again in 1986 , through a 3-2 victory over West Germany , and a tournament campaign led by Diego Maradona . They made the World Cup finals once more in 1990 , and lost 1-0 to West Germany following a controversial penalty call in the 87th minute . Argentina , led by Lionel Messi , made their fifth appearance in a World Cup final in 2014 , again losing to Germany , 1-0 during extra-time . Argentina 's World Cup winning managers are César Luis Menotti in 1978 and Carlos Bilardo in 1986 . Argentina has been very successful in the Copa América , winning it 14 times , being second only to Uruguay in Copa América victories . The team also won the 1992 FIFA Confederations Cup and the 1993 Artemio Franchi Trophy . The Argentine olympic team won the Olympics football tournaments in Athens 2004 and Beijing 2008 . Argentina , Brazil and France are the only national teams that have won the three most important men 's titles recognized by FIFA : the World Cup , the Confederations Cup , and the Olympic tournament ."}]}, {'value': '1968', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Racing Club', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Racing_Club_de_Avellaneda', 'summary': 'Racing Club , also known simply as Racing , is an Argentine professional sports club based in Avellaneda , a city of Greater Buenos Aires . Founded in 1903 , Racing has been historically considered one of the big five clubs of Argentine football . Racing currently plays in the Primera División , the top division of the Argentine league system . Racing has won the Primera División 18 times ( with a record of seven consecutive championships between 1913 and 1919 ) , apart from winning 13 National cups such as five Copa Ibarguren , four Copa de Honor Municipalidad de Buenos Aires and one Copa Beccar Varela . Due to those achievements the team was nicknamed La Academia ( The Academy of Football ) which still identifies the club and its supporters . On international stage , the club has won 6 titles , 3 of them organised by CONMEBOL and other international bodies . Those achievements include one Copa Libertadores , one Intercontinental Cup and the first edition of the Supercopa Sudamericana . In addition , Racing won AFA-AUF competitions , played against the Uruguayan champions : Copa Aldao twice and Copa de Honor Cousenier once . The first team plays its home games in the Estadio Presidente Juan Domingo Perón , nicknamed El Cilindro de Avellaneda ( in English : The Cylinder of Avellaneda ) . Apart from football , other sports practised at Racing are artistic gymnastics , basketball , boxing , field hockey , handball , martial arts , roller skating , tennis and volleyball .'}]}, {'value': '2-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anderlecht', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/R.S.C._Anderlecht', 'summary': 'Royal Sporting Club Anderlecht , usually known as Anderlecht ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈɑndərlɛxt ] , French : [ ɑ̃dəʁlɛkt ] , German : [ ˈandɐlɛçt ] ) or RSCA ( Dutch : [ ˌɛrɛseːˈjaː , -seːˈʔaː ] , French : [ ɛʁɛsse.ɑ ] , German : [ ˌɛɐ̯ʔɛs.tseːˈʔaː ] ) , is a Belgian professional football club based in Anderlecht , Brussels Capital-Region . Anderlecht plays in the Belgian First Division A and is the most successful Belgian football team in European competitions , with five trophies , as well as in the Belgian domestic league , with 34 championship wins . They have also won nine Belgian Cups and hold the record for most consecutive Belgian championship titles , winning five between the 1963-64 and 1967-68 seasons . Founded in 1908 , the club first reached the highest level in Belgian football in 1921-22 and have been playing in the first division continuously since 1935-36 and in Europe since 1964-65 . They won their first major trophy after World War II with a championship win in 1946-47 . Since then , they have never finished outside the top six of the Belgian first division . They are ranked 14th amongst all-time UEFA club competition winners , tenth in the International Federation of Football History & Statistics continental Clubs of the 20th Century European ranking and were 41st in the 2012 UEFA team rankings . In 1986 , they achieved their best UEFA ranking with a joint first place with Juventus . Anderlecht have been playing their matches in the Astrid Park in the municipality of Anderlecht since 1917 . Their current stadium , Constant Vanden Stock Stadium , was first opened in 1983 , and replaced the former Emile Versé Stadium . They play in purple and white outfits . They have long-standing rivalries with Club Brugge and Standard Liège .'}]}, {'value': '1969', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Corinthians', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sport_Club_Corinthians_Paulista', 'summary': "Sport Club Corinthians Paulista ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ isˈpɔʁtʃi ˈklubi kʊˈɾĩtʃɐ̃s pawˈɫistɐ ] ) is a Brazilian sports club based in the city of São Paulo . Although they compete in a number of different sports , Corinthians is mostly known for its professional association football team . The football team plays in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A , [ nb 1 ] the top tier of the Brazilian football , as well as in the Campeonato Paulista Série A1 , [ nb 2 ] the first division of the traditional in-state competition . Founded in 1910 by five railway workers , Corinthians was inspired by the London-based club Corinthian Football Club . Since 1910 , Corinthians has become one of the most successful Brazilian clubs , having won the national title seven times , in addition to three Copa do Brasil trophies . Corinthians has a record 30 state championships . In 2000 the club won the FIFA Club World Cup 's first edition as the host team and in 2012 the club won the FIFA Club World Cup for the second time after winning the Copa Libertadores de América for the first time . The club was listed by Forbes as the most valuable football club in the Americas , worth $ 576.9 million . The club is one of the most widely supported teams in the world and the second most in Brazil , with over 30 million fans . Since 2014 , Corinthians has played its home matches at the Arena Corinthians , one of the venues in the 2014 FIFA World Cup , having hosted six matches during the tournament , including the opener on 12 June 2014 . The club 's home kit traditionally features white shirts and black shorts , accompanied by white socks , since 1920 . Their traditional crest was introduced in 1939 , by modernist painter Francisco Rebolo featuring the São Paulo state flag in a shield , two oars , and an anchor ( representing the club 's early success in nautical sports ) ."}]}, {'value': '2-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barcelona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Barcelona', 'summary': "Futbol Club Barcelona ( Catalan pronunciation : [ fubˈbɔl ˈklub bəɾsəˈlonə ] ( listen ) ) , commonly referred to as Barcelona and colloquially known as Barça ( [ ˈbaɾsə ] ) , is a Spanish professional football club based in Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain . Founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss , Spanish , English and Catalan footballers led by Joan Gamper , the club has become a symbol of Catalan culture and Catalanism , hence the motto Més que un club ( More than a club ) . Unlike many other football clubs , the supporters own and operate Barcelona . It is the fourth-most valuable sports team in the world , worth $ 4.06 billion , and the world 's richest football club in terms of revenue , with an annual turnover of €840,8 million . The official Barcelona anthem is the Cant del Barça , written by Jaume Picas and Josep Maria Espinàs . Domestically , Barcelona has won a record 74 trophies ; 26 La Liga , 30 Copa del Rey , 13 Supercopa de España , 3 Copa Eva Duarte , and 2 Copa de la Liga trophies , as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions . In international club football , the club has won 20 European and worldwide titles ; 5 UEFA Champions League titles , a record 4 UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup , a joint record 5 UEFA Super Cup , a record 3 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup , and 3 FIFA Club World Cup . Barcelona was ranked first in the International Federation of Football History & Statistics Club World Ranking for 1997 , 2009 , 2011 , 2012 , and 2015 and currently occupies the second position on the UEFA club rankings . The club has a long-standing rivalry with Real Madrid ; matches between the two teams are referred to as El Clásico . Barcelona is one of the most widely supported teams in the world , and the club has one of the largest social media following in the world among sports teams . Barcelona players have won a record number of Ballon d'Or awards ( 12 ) , with recipients including Johan Cruyff , as well as a record number of FIFA World Player of the Year awards ( 7 ) , with winners including Ronaldo , Romário , Ronaldinho , and Rivaldo . In 2010 , three players who came through the club 's youth academy ( Lionel Messi , Andrés Iniesta , and Xavi ) were chosen as the three best players in the world in the FIFA Ballon d'Or awards , an unprecedented feat for players from the same football school ."}]}, {'value': '1970', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vasas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Vasas_SC', 'summary': "Vasas SC ( Hungarian pronunciation : [ ˈvɒʃɒʃ ] ) is one of Hungary 's major sports clubs . Most of its facilities are situated in Budapest 's 13th district in the north of the town . Members of the Hungarian Union of Iron Workers founded the club as Vas-és Fémmunkások Sport Clubja , the Sport Club of Iron and Metal Workers , on 16 March 1911 . The club colours are red and blue . Vasas FC has won the Hungarian League six times . Vasas is known internationally for reaching the semi-finals of the 1957-58 European Cup season , the quarter-finals in the 1967-68 European Cup season , and for being the most successful club in the Mitropa Cup with 6 championships ."}]}, {'value': '2-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CD Málaga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CD_Málaga', 'summary': 'Club Deportivo Málaga was a Spanish football club based in Málaga , in the autonomous community of Andalusia . It played twenty seasons in La Liga , before being dissolved in 1992 .'}]}, {'value': '1971', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CD Málaga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CD_Málaga', 'summary': 'Club Deportivo Málaga was a Spanish football club based in Málaga , in the autonomous community of Andalusia . It played twenty seasons in La Liga , before being dissolved in 1992 .'}]}, {'value': '2-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Red Star', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Red_Star_Belgrade', 'summary': "Fudbalski klub Crvena zvezda ( Serbian Cyrillic : Фудбалски клуб Црвена звезда , IPA : [ fûdbalskiː klûːb tsř̩ʋenaː zʋěːzda ] ; English : Red Star Football Club ) , which translates into English as simply Red Star ( Serbian : Црвена звезда / Crvena zvezda ) , is a Serbian professional football club based in Belgrade commonly known elsewhere as Red Star Belgrade ( Serbian : Црвена звезда Београд / Crvena zvezda Beograd ) , the major part of the Red Star multi-sport club . They are the only Serbian and Yugoslav club to have won the European Cup , having done so in 1991 , and the only team to have won the Intercontinental Cup , also in 1991 . With 30 national championships , 24 national cups , 2 national supercups and one league cup between Serbian and Yugoslav competitions , Red Star was the most successful club in Yugoslavia and finished first in the Yugoslav First League all-time table , and is the most successful club in Serbia . Since the 1991-92 season , Red Star 's best results are in the UEFA Champions League group stage and UEFA Europa League knockout phase . According to 2008 polls , Red Star Belgrade is the most popular football club in Serbia , with 48.2% of the population supporting them . They have many supporters in other former Yugoslav republics and in the Serbian diaspora . Their main rivals are fellow Belgrade side Partizan . The championship matches between these two clubs are known as The Eternal derby . According to the International Federation of Football History & Statistics ' list of the Top 200 European clubs of the 20th century , Red Star is the highest-ranked Serbian and ex-Yugoslavian club , sharing the 27th position on the list with Dutch club Feyenoord ."}]}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nacional', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Club_Nacional_de_Football', 'summary': "Club Nacional de Football ( Spanish pronunciation : [ kluβ nasjoˈnal de ˈfutbol ] ) is a sports institution from Uruguay , founded on 14 May 1899 in Montevideo , as a result of the fusion between Uruguay Athletic Club and Montevideo Fútbol Club . Although its main focus is football , the club hosts many other activities including basketball , futsal , tennis , cycling , volleyball , and chess . In domestic tournaments , Nacional has won the Primera División title 46 times , most recently in the 2016 season . Domestic cups honours include Copa de Competencia ( 8 times ) and Copa de Honor ( 7 times ) , among others . At international level , Nacional has won 21 titles , nine of them recognised by FIFA and CONMEBOL , including three Copa Libertadores . In this tournament , Nacional is the all-time leader with 553 points . Nacional has also won all three Copa Intercontinental it has competed in , becoming the first three time world champion in 1988 . In addition , Nacional is the only Uruguayan team to have won the Copa Interamericana ( two times ) and the Recopa Sudamericana . In the latter competition Nacional won the inaugural edition in 1989 . Besides , Nacional won four Copa de Honor Cousenier , three Copa Aldao two Tie Cup , and one Copa Escobar-Gerona , all of them organized jointly by the Argentine and Uruguayan Associations . Nacional is identified with the white , blue and red colours inspired by the flag of Uruguay 's national hero José Gervasio Artigas . While the club hosts some games at Montevideo 's Estadio Centenario , Nacional plays most of its home matches at the Parque Central , located in the La Blanqueada neighbourhood and popularly known as El Parque , where on 13 July 1930 Belgium and the United States played one of the two opening games of the 1930 FIFA World Cup , and where Argentina and Brazil , among others , made their debut in the FIFA World Cup ."}]}, {'value': '1-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CD Málaga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CD_Málaga', 'summary': 'Club Deportivo Málaga was a Spanish football club based in Málaga , in the autonomous community of Andalusia . It played twenty seasons in La Liga , before being dissolved in 1992 .'}]}, {'value': '1973', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Red Star', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Red_Star_Belgrade', 'summary': "Fudbalski klub Crvena zvezda ( Serbian Cyrillic : Фудбалски клуб Црвена звезда , IPA : [ fûdbalskiː klûːb tsř̩ʋenaː zʋěːzda ] ; English : Red Star Football Club ) , which translates into English as simply Red Star ( Serbian : Црвена звезда / Crvena zvezda ) , is a Serbian professional football club based in Belgrade commonly known elsewhere as Red Star Belgrade ( Serbian : Црвена звезда Београд / Crvena zvezda Beograd ) , the major part of the Red Star multi-sport club . They are the only Serbian and Yugoslav club to have won the European Cup , having done so in 1991 , and the only team to have won the Intercontinental Cup , also in 1991 . With 30 national championships , 24 national cups , 2 national supercups and one league cup between Serbian and Yugoslav competitions , Red Star was the most successful club in Yugoslavia and finished first in the Yugoslav First League all-time table , and is the most successful club in Serbia . Since the 1991-92 season , Red Star 's best results are in the UEFA Champions League group stage and UEFA Europa League knockout phase . According to 2008 polls , Red Star Belgrade is the most popular football club in Serbia , with 48.2% of the population supporting them . They have many supporters in other former Yugoslav republics and in the Serbian diaspora . Their main rivals are fellow Belgrade side Partizan . The championship matches between these two clubs are known as The Eternal derby . According to the International Federation of Football History & Statistics ' list of the Top 200 European clubs of the 20th century , Red Star is the highest-ranked Serbian and ex-Yugoslavian club , sharing the 27th position on the list with Dutch club Feyenoord ."}]}, {'value': '2-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CD Málaga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CD_Málaga', 'summary': 'Club Deportivo Málaga was a Spanish football club based in Málaga , in the autonomous community of Andalusia . It played twenty seasons in La Liga , before being dissolved in 1992 .'}]}, {'value': '1974', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CD Málaga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CD_Málaga', 'summary': 'Club Deportivo Málaga was a Spanish football club based in Málaga , in the autonomous community of Andalusia . It played twenty seasons in La Liga , before being dissolved in 1992 .'}]}, {'value': '1-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Derby County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Derby_County_F.C.', 'summary': "Derby County Football Club ( /ˈdɑːrbi/ ) is a professional association football club based in Derby , Derbyshire , England . The club competes in the EFL Championship , the second tier of English football , and has played its home matches at Pride Park Stadium since 1997. Notable for being one of the 12 founder members of the Football League in 1888 , Derby County is one of only 10 clubs to have competed in every season of the English football league system and , in 2009 , was ranked 137th in the top 200 European football teams of the 20th century by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics . The club was founded in 1884 by William Morley , as an offshoot of Derbyshire County Cricket Club ; it has spent all but four seasons in the top two divisions of English football . Its competitive peak came in the 1970s when it twice won the First Division and competed in major European competitions on four separate occasions , reaching the European Cup semi-finals as well as winning several minor trophies . Additionally , the club was a strong force in the interwar years , winning the 1945-46 FA Cup . The club 's home colours have been black and white since the 1890s . The team gets its nickname , The Rams , to show tribute to its links with the First Regiment of Derby Militia , which took a ram as its mascot . Additionally , the club also adopted the song The Derby Ram as its regimental song ."}]}, {'value': '1975', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Peñarol', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Peñarol', 'summary': "Club Atlético Peñarol ( Spanish pronunciation : [ kluβ aˈtletiko peɲaˈɾol ] ( listen ) ; English : Peñarol Athletic Club ) - also known as Carboneros , Aurinegros and ( familiarly ) Manyas - is a Uruguayan sports club from Montevideo . The name Peñarol comes from the Peñarol neighbourhood on the outskirts of Montevideo . Throughout its history the club has also participated in other sports , such as basketball and cycling . Its focus has always been on football , a sport in which the club excels , having never been relegated from the top division . In international competition , Peñarol is the third-highest Copa Libertadores winner with five victories and shares the record for Intercontinental Cup victories with three . In September 2009 , the club was chosen as the South American Club of the Century by the IFFHS . Apart from football , other active sports sections of Peñarol are rugby union , futsal , women 's football and athletics ."}]}, {'value': '3-2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CD Málaga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CD_Málaga', 'summary': 'Club Deportivo Málaga was a Spanish football club based in Málaga , in the autonomous community of Andalusia . It played twenty seasons in La Liga , before being dissolved in 1992 .'}]}, {'value': '1976', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Real Madrid', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Real_Madrid_C.F.', 'summary': "Real Madrid Club de Fútbol ( Spanish pronunciation : [ reˈal maˈðɾið ˈkluβ ðe ˈfuðβol ] ( listen ) , meaning Royal Madrid Football Club ) , commonly referred to as Real Madrid , is a Spanish professional football club based in Madrid . Founded on 6 March 1902 as Madrid Football Club , the club has traditionally worn a white home kit since inception . The word real is Spanish for royal and was bestowed to the club by King Alfonso XIII in 1920 together with the royal crown in the emblem . The team has played its home matches in the 81,044-capacity Santiago Bernabéu Stadium in downtown Madrid since 1947 . Unlike most European sporting entities , Real Madrid 's members ( socios ) have owned and operated the club throughout its history . The club was estimated to be worth €3.8 billion ( $ 4.2 billion ) in 2019 , and it was the second highest-earning football club in the world , with an annual revenue of €757,3 million in 2019 . The club is one of the most widely supported teams in the world . Real Madrid is one of three founding members of La Liga that have never been relegated from the top division since its inception in 1929 , along with Athletic Bilbao and Barcelona . The club holds many long-standing rivalries , most notably El Clásico with Barcelona and El Derbi with Atlético Madrid . Real Madrid established itself as a major force in both Spanish and European football during the 1950s , winning five consecutive European Cups and reaching the final seven times . This success was replicated in the league , which the club won five times in the space of seven years . This team , which consisted of players such as Alfredo Di Stéfano , Ferenc Puskás , Francisco Gento , and Raymond Kopa , is considered by some in the sport to be the greatest team of all time ."}]}, {'value': '3-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CD Málaga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CD_Málaga', 'summary': 'Club Deportivo Málaga was a Spanish football club based in Málaga , in the autonomous community of Andalusia . It played twenty seasons in La Liga , before being dissolved in 1992 .'}]}, {'value': '1977', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Barcelona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/FC_Barcelona', 'summary': "Futbol Club Barcelona ( Catalan pronunciation : [ fubˈbɔl ˈklub bəɾsəˈlonə ] ( listen ) ) , commonly referred to as Barcelona and colloquially known as Barça ( [ ˈbaɾsə ] ) , is a Spanish professional football club based in Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain . Founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss , Spanish , English and Catalan footballers led by Joan Gamper , the club has become a symbol of Catalan culture and Catalanism , hence the motto Més que un club ( More than a club ) . Unlike many other football clubs , the supporters own and operate Barcelona . It is the fourth-most valuable sports team in the world , worth $ 4.06 billion , and the world 's richest football club in terms of revenue , with an annual turnover of €840,8 million . The official Barcelona anthem is the Cant del Barça , written by Jaume Picas and Josep Maria Espinàs . Domestically , Barcelona has won a record 74 trophies ; 26 La Liga , 30 Copa del Rey , 13 Supercopa de España , 3 Copa Eva Duarte , and 2 Copa de la Liga trophies , as well as being the record holder for the latter four competitions . In international club football , the club has won 20 European and worldwide titles ; 5 UEFA Champions League titles , a record 4 UEFA Cup Winners ' Cup , a joint record 5 UEFA Super Cup , a record 3 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup , and 3 FIFA Club World Cup . Barcelona was ranked first in the International Federation of Football History & Statistics Club World Ranking for 1997 , 2009 , 2011 , 2012 , and 2015 and currently occupies the second position on the UEFA club rankings . The club has a long-standing rivalry with Real Madrid ; matches between the two teams are referred to as El Clásico . Barcelona is one of the most widely supported teams in the world , and the club has one of the largest social media following in the world among sports teams . Barcelona players have won a record number of Ballon d'Or awards ( 12 ) , with recipients including Johan Cruyff , as well as a record number of FIFA World Player of the Year awards ( 7 ) , with winners including Ronaldo , Romário , Ronaldinho , and Rivaldo . In 2010 , three players who came through the club 's youth academy ( Lionel Messi , Andrés Iniesta , and Xavi ) were chosen as the three best players in the world in the FIFA Ballon d'Or awards , an unprecedented feat for players from the same football school ."}]}, {'value': '3-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CD Málaga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CD_Málaga', 'summary': 'Club Deportivo Málaga was a Spanish football club based in Málaga , in the autonomous community of Andalusia . It played twenty seasons in La Liga , before being dissolved in 1992 .'}]}, {'value': '1978', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Athletic Bilbao', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Athletic_Bilbao', 'summary': "Athletic Club , also commonly known as Athletic Bilbao ( Basque : Bilboko Athletic Kluba / Spanish : Athletic Club de Bilbao ) , is a Spanish professional football club based in the city of Bilbao in the Basque Country ( Spain ) . They are known as Los Leones ( The Lions ) because their stadium was built near a church called San Mamés ( Saint Mammes ) . Mammes was an early Christian thrown to the lions by the Romans . Mammes pacified the lions and was later made a saint and The team plays it 's home matches at the San Mamés Stadium . Athletic have won La Liga on eight occasions , fourth most in the history of the league . In the table of Copa del Rey titles , Athletic is second only to Barcelona , having won it 23 times . [ note 1 ] The club also has one of the most successful women 's teams in Spain , which has won five championships in the Primera División Femenina . The club is one of three founding members of the Primera División that have never been relegated from the top division since its inception in 1929 , the others being Real Madrid and Barcelona . These three clubs , along with Osasuna , are the only four professional clubs in Spain that are not sports corporations ; instead they are owned and operated by club members . Athletic 's main rivals are Real Sociedad , against whom it contests the Basque derby , and Real Madrid , due to sporting and political rivalry . At various points in the club 's history , further Basque league derbies have been contested against Alavés , Eibar and Osasuna . The club is known for its cantera policy of bringing young Basque players through the ranks , as well as recruiting players from other Basque clubs like Joseba Etxeberria and Javi Martínez ."}]}, {'value': '2-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Huracán', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Club_Atlético_Huracán', 'summary': "Club Atlético Huracán ( Spanish pronunciation : [ uɾaˈkan ] ) is an Argentine sports club from the Parque Patricios neighbourhood of Buenos Aires . The club is notable for its football team , that currently plays in the Primera División , the top level of the Argentine football league system . Its home stadium is the Estadio Tomás Adolfo Ducó . Huracán was founded on 1 November 1908 in the Nueva Pompeya neighbourhood of Buenos Aires . The club 's name and nickname ( Globo , literally Balloon ) comes from the Huracán ( Hurricane ) balloon flown by Jorge Newbery in 1909 . Its supporters are called los Quemeros ( the Burners ) because the stadium is located in a former garbage burning area . Since its establishment , Huracán has won 13 domestic titles ( including five Primera División championships , and most recently the 2014 Supercopa Argentina ) . Apart from those achievements , the team has finished as runner-up of the top division seven times ( the last one in the 2009 Clausura ) . Huracán 's historical rival is San Lorenzo de Almagro . Other sports practised at the club are artistic gymnastics , boxing , field hockey , roller hockey , handball , martial arts and volleyball ."}]}, {'value': '1979', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ferencváros', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ferencvárosi_TC', 'summary': "Ferencvárosi Torna Club , known as Ferencváros ( Hungarian : [ ˈfɛrɛnt͡svaːroʃ ] ) , is a professional football club based in Ferencváros , Budapest , Hungary , that competes in the Nemzeti Bajnokság I , the top flight of Hungarian football . Ferencváros was founded in 1899 by Ferenc Springer and a group of local residents of Budapest 's ninth district , Ferencváros . Ferencváros is best known internationally for winning the 1964-65 edition of the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup after defeating Juventus 1-0 in Turin and for reaching the final in the same competition in 1968 , when they lost to Leeds United and the final in the 1974-75 season of the European Cup Winners ' Cup , lost to Dynamo Kiev . The best-known part of the club is the well-supported men 's football team - the most popular team in the country . The parent multisport club Ferencvárosi TC divisions include the women 's football , women 's handball , men 's futsal , men 's ice hockey , men 's handball , men 's water polo , cycling , gymnastics , athletics , wrestling , curling and swimming teams , some of which are highly successful . The club colours are green and white , and the club 's mascot is a green eagle , hence another of the club 's nicknames , The Green Eagles ."}]}, {'value': '2-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sevilla', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sevilla_FC', 'summary': "Sevilla Fútbol Club ( Spanish pronunciation : [ seˈβiʎa ˈfuðβol ˈkluβ ] ) , commonly referred to as Sevilla , is a professional football club based in Seville , the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Andalusia , Spain . It plays in Spanish football 's top flight , La Liga . It is Spain 's oldest sporting club solely devoted to football . The club was formed on 25 January 1890 , with the Scottish born Edward Farquharson Johnston as their first president . On 14 October 1905 , the club 's articles of association were registered in the Civil Government of Seville under the presidency of the Jerez-born José Luis Gallegos Arnosa . Sevilla FC is also the most successful club in Andalusia , winning a national league title in 1945-46 , five Spanish Cups ( 1935 , 1939 , 1948 , 2007 and 2010 ) , one Spanish Super Cup ( 2007 ) , a record five UEFA Cups/UEFA Europa Leagues ( 2006 , 2007 , 2014 , 2015 and 2016 ) and the 2006 UEFA Super Cup . They were also designated by the International Federation of Football History & Statistics as the World 's best club in 2006 and 2007 , thus being the first club to achieve this distinction in two consecutive years . Its youth team Sevilla Atlético , founded in 1958 , currently play in Segunda División B . The club are affiliated to a side in Puerto Rico of the same name . Other clubs related to Sevilla FC include their women 's team , futsal team and former Superleague Formula team . The Club 's home ground is the 43,883-seat Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán Stadium . It is located in the neighborhood of Nervión , Seville and owes its name to Ramón Sánchez Pizjuan , who was Sevilla FC 's President for 17 years ."}]}, {'value': '1980', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Atlético Mineiro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clube_Atlético_Mineiro', 'summary': "Clube Atlético Mineiro ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ ˈklubi aˈtlɛtʃiku miˈneɾu ] ) , commonly known as Atlético Mineiro or Atlético , and colloquially as Galo ( pronounced [ ˈgalu ] , Rooster ) , is a professional football club based in Belo Horizonte , Minas Gerais , Brazil . The team competes in the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A , the first level of Brazilian football , as well as in the Campeonato Mineiro , the top tier state league of Minas Gerais . Atlético Mineiro is the oldest active football club in Minas Gerais , founded on 25 March 1908 by twenty-two students from Belo Horizonte . Despite having liberal , upper-class founders , the club opened its doors to players of every social class , establishing itself as a people 's club , and becoming one of the most-supported clubs in Brazil . The club 's mascot , a rooster , has been strongly associated with Atlético since its introduction in the 1930s . Over the years , the word galo ( Portuguese for rooster ) became a common nickname for the club itself . The team 's regular home kit comprises black-and-white striped shirts , with black shorts and white socks . Atlético has won the Campeonato Mineiro a record 44 times . At national level , the club has won the Campeonato Brasileiro once and has finished second on five occasions . Atlético has also won one Copa do Brasil , one Copa dos Campeões Estaduais and the Copa dos Campeões Brasileiros . In international club football , Atlético has won the Copa Libertadores and the Recopa Sudamericana once each , and a record two Copa CONMEBOL ; the team has also reached three other continental finals . The club has also competed in other sports throughout its history , with the futsal department becoming especially notable ."}]}, {'value': '1-0', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'CD Málaga', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/CD_Málaga', 'summary': 'Club Deportivo Málaga was a Spanish football club based in Málaga , in the autonomous community of Andalusia . It played twenty seasons in La Liga , before being dissolved in 1992 .'}]}], 'section_title': 'List of champions', 'section_text': 'Racing Club players holding the title won in 1968', 'uid': 'Trofeo_Costa_del_Sol_0', 'intro': 'The competition was held between 1961 and 1984 with four clubs participating, the local team and three invited clubs, with the exception of 1981 and 1982 when it was interrupted due to La Rosaleda Stadium was being refurbished for the 1982 FIFA World Cup. Nevertheless, CD Málaga financial problems resulted in the competition being discontinued in 1983. The Trofeo Costa del Sol was relaunched in 2004, having been held up to present days. Since the 2005 edition, only one team is invited to play local team. Some of the most notable players that attended the Trofeo Costa del Sol were Pelé (1967), Eusébio (1966), Alfredo Di Stéfano (1963), Johan Cruyff (1977), playing for their respective clubs. National teams such as Argentina took part of the competition as well.'}
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How many times has this Italian professional football club won Series A that won the championship during the year when this club , dissolved in 1992 , was the runner-up ?
three times
04e3afd016ee83da
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_IAAF_World_Half_Marathon_Championships', 'title': '1996 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships', 'header': ['Rank', 'Country', 'Team', 'Time'], 'data': [{'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': 'Stefano Baldini Giacomo Leone Vincenzo Modica', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stefano_Baldini', 'summary': 'Stefano Baldini ( born 25 May 1971 in Castelnovo di Sotto , Emilia-Romagna , Italy ) is a retired Italian runner who specialized in the marathon . He was the Olympic champion in Athens and was twice European champion ( 1998 and 2006 ) .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Giacomo_Leone', 'summary': 'Giacomo Leone ( born 10 April 1971 in Francavilla Fontana , Brindisi ) is a retired male long-distance runner from Italy . He set his personal best ( 2:07:52 ) in the marathon on 4 March 2001 in Otsu , Japan . Leone is best known for winning the 1996 edition of the New York City Marathon .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Vincenzo_Modica', 'summary': 'Vincenzo Massimo Modica ( born 2 March 1971 in Mistretta ) is an Italian long-distance runner who competed in the marathon . He was the bronze medallist in that event at the 1998 European Athletics Championships then took the silver medal behind Abel Antón at the 1999 World Championships in Athletics .'}]}, {'value': '3:07:42', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spain', 'summary': "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ."}]}, {'value': 'Carlos de la Torre Alejandro Gómez José Manuel García', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carlos_de_la_Torre', 'summary': 'Carlos de la Torre Allariz ( born 18 May 1966 in Marín , Pontevedra ) is a retired Spanish long-distance runner who specialized in the 10,000 metres .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Alejandro_Gómez_(athlete)', 'summary': 'Alejandro Gómez Cabral ( born 11 April 1967 in Vigo , Pontevedra ) is a retired Spanish long-distance runner who specialized in the marathon and cross-country running .'}, {'url': '/wiki/José_Manuel_García_(runner)', 'summary': 'José Manuel García González ( born 24 January 1966 in León ) is a retired Spanish long-distance runner . He specialized in the marathon and cross-country running .'}]}, {'value': '3:08:36', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Toshiyuki Hayata Masatoshi Ibata Katsuhiko Hanada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Katsuhiko_Hanada', 'summary': 'Katsuhiko Hanada ( Japanese : 花田 勝彦 ; born 12 June 1971 in Kyoto ) is a retired Japanese athlete who competed in the long-distance events . He represented his country at two Summer Olympics , in 1996 and 2000 .'}]}, {'value': '3:08:43', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': 'Josephat Kiprono Philip Chirchir Charles Tangus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Josephat_Kiprono', 'summary': 'Josephat Kiprono ( born 12 December 1973 ) is a Kenyan distance and marathon runner . He participated at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships in 1996 and won a silver medal finishing behind Italian Stefano Baldini . Kiprono won three marathons in his career : Berlin ( 1999 ) , Rome ( 2000 ) , and Rotterdam ( 2001 ) . His Rotterdam time of 2.06:50 hours which was the best marathon performance in 2001 . His personal best in the classic distance is 2:06:44 , ran at the 1999 Berlin Marathon .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Charles_Tangus', 'summary': 'Charles Tangus ( born 4 June 1974 ) is a Kenyan distance and marathon runner . He participated at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships in 1995 and won a bronze medal finishing third behind fellow Kenyan Paul Yego . He won the Berlin Half Marathon in 1996 .'}]}, {'value': '3:09:24', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brazil', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brazil', 'summary': "Brazil ( Portuguese : Brasil ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ bɾaˈziw ] ) , [ nt 1 ] officially the Federative Republic of Brazil ( Portuguese : República Federativa do Brasil , listen ( help·info ) ) , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . At 8.5 million square kilometers ( 3.2 million square miles ) and with over 211 million people , Brazil is the world 's fifth-largest country by area and the sixth most populous . Its capital is Brasília , and its most populous city is São Paulo . The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states , the Federal District , and the 5,570 municipalities . It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas ; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations , due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers ( 4,655 mi ) . It borders all other countries in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent 's land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral , who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire . Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 , when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro . In 1815 , the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves ."}]}, {'value': 'Delmir dos Santos André Ramos Eduardo do Nascimento', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/André_Ramos', 'summary': "André Luiz Ramos ( born 20 January 1970 ) is a Brazilian long-distance runner . He competed in the men 's marathon at the 2004 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': '3:11:05', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Paul Arpin Bruno Léger Abdi Djama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paul_Arpin', 'summary': "Paul Arpin ( born 20 February 1960 in Bourg-Saint-Maurice ) is a retired long-distance runner from France , who represented his native country in the men 's 10,000 metres at the 1988 Summer Olympics , finishing in seventh place . Paul Arpin also finished third at the 1987 IAAF World Cross Country Championships behind Kenyans John Ngugi and Paul Kipkoech . He was also part of the bronze medal-winning French team at the 1988 edition behind Kenya and Ethiopia ( Paul Arpin finished 11th individually )"}]}, {'value': '3:13:45', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ethiopia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ethiopia', 'summary': "Ethiopia ( /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/ ; Amharic : ኢትዮጵያ , ʾĪtyōṗṗyā , listen ( help·info ) , Tigrinya : ኢትዮጵያ , Oromo : Itiyoophiyaa , Somali : Itoobiya , Afar : Itiyoophiyaa ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia , is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north , Djibouti to the northeast , Somalia , and the de facto state of Somaliland to the east , Kenya to the south , South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest . With over 109 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent with a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres ( 420,000 sq mi ) . Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa , which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates . Some of the oldest skeletal evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BCE , Ethiopia 's governmental system was a monarchy for most of its history . Oral literature tells that the monarchy was founded by the Solomonic dynasty of the Queen of Sheba , under its first king , Menelik I . In the first centuries , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . During the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , Ethiopia and Liberia were two nations that preserved their sovereignty from long-term colonisation by a European colonial power and many newly-independent nations on the continent subsequently adopted its flag colours . However , the country was later occupied by Italy in 1936 and became Italian Ethiopia ( part of Italian East Africa ) until it was liberated during World War II ."}]}, {'value': 'Gemechu Kebede Dagne Debela Kidane Gebrmichael', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3:13:51', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': 'John Sence James Herald Jerry Lawson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jerry_Lawson_(athlete)', 'summary': 'Jerry Lawson ( born July 2 , 1966 ) is a former American long-distance runner who held a national record in the marathon . In 1993 , Lawson set a course record of 2:10:27 while winning the California International Marathon .'}]}, {'value': '3:13:52', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'South Africa', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/South_Africa', 'summary': "South Africa , officially the Republic of South Africa ( RSA ) , is the southernmost country in Africa . It is bounded to the south by 2,798 kilometres ( 1,739 mi ) of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans ; to the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia , Botswana , and Zimbabwe ; and to the east and northeast by Mozambique and Eswatini ( Swaziland ) ; and it surrounds the enclaved country of Lesotho . South Africa is the largest country in Southern Africa and the 24th-largest country in the world by land area and , with over 58 million people , is also the world 's 24th-most populous nation . It is the southernmost country on the mainland of the Old World or the Eastern Hemisphere . About 80 percent of South Africans are of Bantu ancestry , divided among a variety of ethnic groups speaking different African languages , nine of which have official status . The remaining population consists of Africa 's largest communities of European , Asian ( Indian ) , and multiracial ( Coloured ) ancestry . South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures , languages , and religions . Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution 's recognition of 11 official languages , which is the fourth-highest number in the world . Two of these languages are of European origin : Afrikaans developed from Dutch and serves as the first language of most coloured and white South Africans ; English reflects the legacy of British colonialism , and is commonly used in public and commercial life , though it is fourth-ranked as a spoken first language . The country is one of the few in Africa never to have had a coup d'état , and regular elections have been held for almost a century . However , the vast majority of black South Africans were not enfranchised until 1994 . During the 20th century , the black majority sought to claim more rights from the dominant white minority , with this struggle playing a large role in the country 's recent history and politics ."}]}, {'value': 'Ezael Thlobo Johannes Maremane Meck Mothuli', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Johannes_Maremane', 'summary': "Johannes Maremane ( born 27 September 1965 ) is a South African long-distance runner . He competed in the men 's marathon at the 2000 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': '3:14:04', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mexico', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mexico', 'summary': 'Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes .'}]}, {'value': 'Margarito Zamora Pablo Olmedo Castañon Geraldo Morales', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3:14:37', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Great Britain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': 'Dave Swanston Chris Robison Phil Makepeace', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3:15:30', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': 'Aleksandr Bolkhovitin Vladimir Afanasyev Andrey Shalagin', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3:16:57', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ukraine', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ukraine', 'summary': "Ukraine ( Ukrainian : Україна , romanized : Ukrayina , pronounced [ ʊkrɐˈjinɐ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Eastern Europe . It is bordered by Russia to the north-east ; Belarus to the north ; Poland , Slovakia and Hungary to the west ; and Romania , Moldova , and the Black Sea to the south . Ukraine is currently in a territorial dispute with Russia over the Crimean Peninsula , which Russia annexed in 2014 . Including Crimea , Ukraine has an area of 603,628 km2 ( 233,062 sq mi ) , making it both the largest country entirely within Europe and the 46th largest country in the world . Excluding Crimea , Ukraine has a population of about 42 million , making it the 32nd most populous country in the world . Its capital and largest city is Kiev . Ukrainian is the official language and its alphabet is Cyrillic . The dominant religion in the country is Eastern Orthodoxy . The territory of modern Ukraine has been inhabited since 32,000 BC . During the Middle Ages , the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture , with the powerful state of Kievan Rus ' forming the basis of Ukrainian identity . Following its fragmentation in the 13th century , the territory was contested , ruled and divided by a variety of powers , including the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth , Austria-Hungary , the Ottoman Empire and Russia . A Cossack republic emerged and prospered during the 17th and 18th centuries , but its territory was eventually split between Poland and the Russian Empire ."}]}, {'value': 'Mykola Rudyk Viktor Rogovoy Aleksandr Kuzin', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3:17:24', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Germany', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Germany', 'summary': "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ."}]}, {'value': 'Jens Karrass Carsten Eich Rainer Huth', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Carsten_Eich', 'summary': 'Carsten Eich ( born 9 January 1970 ) is a retired ( East ) German runner who specialized in the 10,000 metres and the marathons . He is an eight-time German champion and national record holder in the half marathon .'}]}, {'value': '3:18:12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Zimbabwe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Zimbabwe', 'summary': 'Zimbabwe ( /zɪmˈbɑːbweɪ , -wi/ ) , officially the Republic of Zimbabwe , formerly Rhodesia , is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa , between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers , bordered by South Africa , Botswana , Zambia and Mozambique . The capital and largest city is Harare . The second largest is Bulawayo . A country of roughly 14 million people , Zimbabwe has 16 official languages , with English , Shona , and Ndebele the most common . Since the 11th century , present-day Zimbabwe has been the site of several organised states and kingdoms as well as a major route for migration and trade . The British South Africa Company of Cecil Rhodes first demarcated the present territory during the 1890s ; it became the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia in 1923 . In 1965 , the conservative white minority government unilaterally declared independence as Rhodesia . The state endured international isolation and a 15-year guerrilla war with black nationalist forces ; this culminated in a peace agreement that established universal enfranchisement and de jure sovereignty as Zimbabwe in April 1980 . Zimbabwe then joined the Commonwealth of Nations , from which it was suspended in 2002 for breaches of international law by its then-government , and from which it withdrew in December 2003 . The sovereign state is a member of the United Nations , the Southern African Development Community ( SADC ) , the African Union ( AU ) , and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa ( COMESA ) . It was once known as the Jewel of Africa for its great prosperity . Robert Mugabe became Prime Minister of Zimbabwe in 1980 , when his ZANU-PF party won the elections following the end of white minority rule ; he was the President of Zimbabwe from 1987 until his resignation in 2017 .'}]}, {'value': 'Tendai Chimusasa Josphat Mhandu Fungai Kapanyota', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tendai_Chimusasa', 'summary': 'Tendai Chimusasa ( born January 28 , 1971 in Nyanga ) is a retired Zimbabwean long-distance runner . He carried the flag for his native country at the opening ceremony of the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta , Georgia . He won the Lisbon Half Marathon 1992 and Berlin Half Marathon in 1994 and 1997 . Chimusasa was also a cross country runner and won the Eurocross meeting in Luxembourg in 1994 and 1996 .'}]}, {'value': '3:18:33', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Israel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Israel', 'summary': "Israel , formally known as the State of Israel ( Hebrew : מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל ) , is a country in Western Asia , located on the southeastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea and the northern shore of the Red Sea . It has land borders with Lebanon to the north , Syria to the northeast , Jordan on the east , the Palestinian territories of the West Bank and Gaza Strip to the east and west , respectively , and Egypt to the southwest . The country contains geographically diverse features within its relatively small area . Israel 's economic and technological center is Tel Aviv , while its seat of government and proclaimed capital is Jerusalem , although the state 's sovereignty over Jerusalem has only partial recognition . [ fn 4 ] Israel has evidence of the earliest migration of hominids out of Africa . Canaanite tribes are archaeologically attested since the Middle Bronze Age , while the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah emerged during the Iron Age . The Neo-Assyrian Empire destroyed Israel around 720 BCE . Judah was later conquered by the Babylonian , Persian and Hellenistic empires and had existed as Jewish autonomous provinces . The successful Maccabean Revolt led to an independent Hasmonean kingdom by 110 BCE , which in 63 BCE however became a client state of the Roman Republic that subsequently installed the Herodian dynasty in 37 BCE , and in 6 CE created the Roman province of Judea . Judea lasted as a Roman province until the failed Jewish revolts resulted in widespread destruction , the expulsion of the Jewish population and the renaming of the region from Iudaea to Syria Palaestina . Jewish presence in the region has persisted to a certain extent over the centuries . In the 7th century CE , the Levant was taken from the Byzantine Empire by the Arabs and remained in Muslim control until the First Crusade of 1099 , followed by the Ayyubid conquest of 1187 ."}]}, {'value': 'Wodage Zvadya Asaf Bimro Ayele Setegne', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Wodage_Zvadya', 'summary': "Wodage Zvadya ( Hebrew : וודג ' זבדיה ; born 7 September 1973 ) is an Israeli long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Asaf_Bimro', 'summary': 'Asaf Bimro is a retired Israeli long-distance runner who specialized in the marathon . He was an Ethiopian citizen until 1984 when he emigrated to Israel . His best finishes at the European or World Championships has been a 20th place at the 2002 European Championships , an 18th place at the 2001 World Championships and a 25th place at the 2006 European Championships . He also competed at the 1995 World Championships ( without finishing the race ) , the 1997 World Championships , the 2003 World Championships , the 2004 Olympic Games , the 2005 World Championships , the 2005 World Half Marathon Championships and the 2007 World Championships . His personal best times are 29:49.85 minutes in the 10,000 metres , achieved in May 1992 in Tel Aviv ; 1:04:47 hours in the half marathon , achieved in March 1997 in Tel Aviv ; and 2:14:52 hours in the marathon , achieved at the 2003 World Championships in Paris .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Ayele_Setegne', 'summary': 'Ayele Seteng ( born 11 April 1955 ) is an Ethiopian-born Israeli long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon .'}]}, {'value': '3:20:13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Czech Republic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Czech_Republic', 'summary': "The Czech Republic ( /ˈtʃɛk -/ ( listen ) ; Czech : Česká republika [ ˈtʃɛskaː ˈrɛpublɪka ] ( listen ) ) , also known by its short-form name , Czechia ( /ˈtʃɛkiə/ ( listen ) ; Czech : Česko [ ˈtʃɛsko ] ( listen ) ) , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Poland to the northeast , Slovakia to the southeast , Austria to the south , and Germany to the west . The Czech Republic is a landlocked country with a hilly landscape that covers an area of 78,866 square kilometers ( 30,450 sq mi ) with a mostly temperate continental climate and oceanic climate . It is a unitary parliamentary republic , with 10.7 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Prague , with 1.3 million residents ; other major cities are Brno , Ostrava , Olomouc and Pilsen . The Czech Republic includes the historical territories of Bohemia , Moravia , and Czech Silesia . The Czech state was formed in the late ninth century as the Duchy of Bohemia under the Great Moravian Empire . In 1002 , the duchy was formally recognized as an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire along with the Kingdom of Germany , the Kingdom of Burgundy , the Kingdom of Italy ; and became the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1198 , reaching its greatest territorial extent in the 14th century . Prague was the imperial seat in periods between the 14th and 17th century . The Protestant Bohemian Reformation of the 15th century led to the Hussite Wars , the first of many conflicts with the Catholic Church . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , the whole Crown of Bohemia was gradually integrated into the Habsburg Monarchy . The Protestant Bohemian Revolt ( 1618-20 ) against the Catholic Habsburgs led to the Thirty Years ' War . After the Battle of the White Mountain , the Habsburgs consolidated their rule , eradicated Protestantism , reimposed Catholicism , and adopted a policy of gradual Germanization ."}]}, {'value': 'Luboš Šubrt Miroslav Sajler Martin Horáček', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3:21:07', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Slovakia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Slovakia', 'summary': "Slovakia ( /sloʊˈvækiə , -ˈvɑːk-/ ( listen ) ; Slovak : Slovensko [ ˈslɔʋɛnskɔ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Slovak Republic ( Slovak : Slovenská republika , listen ( help·info ) ) , is a landlocked country in the eastern part of Central Europe . It is bordered by Poland to the north , Ukraine to the east , Hungary to the south , Austria to the southwest , and the Czech Republic to the northwest . Slovakia 's territory spans about 49,000 square kilometres ( 19,000 sq mi ) and is mostly mountainous . The population is over 5.6 million and consists mostly of Slovaks . The capital and largest city is Bratislava , and the second-largest city is Košice . The official language is Slovak . The Slavs arrived in the territory of present-day Slovakia in the 5th and 6th centuries . In the 7th century they played a significant role in the creation of Samo 's Empire and in the 9th century established the Principality of Nitra , which was later conquered by the Principality of Moravia to establish Great Moravia . In the 10th century , after the dissolution of Great Moravia , the territory was integrated into the Principality of Hungary , which would become the Kingdom of Hungary in 1000 . In 1241 and 1242 , much of the territory was destroyed by the Mongols during their invasion of Central and Eastern Europe . The area was recovered largely thanks to Béla IV of Hungary who also settled Germans who became an important ethnic group in the area , especially in what are today parts of central and eastern Slovakia . After World War I and the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire , the Czechoslovak National Council established Czechoslovakia ( 1918-1939 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Marcel Matanin Jaroslav Jakubáček Miroslav Plešivka', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Marcel_Matanin', 'summary': "Marcel Matanin ( born December 15 , 1973 in Vranov nad Topľou ) is a long-distance runner from Slovakia , who represented his native country in the men 's marathon at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece . There he finished in 81st and last place , clocking a total time of 2:50:26 hours . On April 23 , 2006 Matanin won the Leipzig Marathon in 2:19:33 hours ."}]}, {'value': '3:28:59', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kyrgyzstan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kyrgyzstan', 'summary': "Kyrgyzstan ( /ˌkɜːrɡɪˈstɑːn/ KUR-gih-STAHN ; Kyrgyz : Кыргызстан Kırğızstan Kyrgyz pronunciation : [ qɯrʁɯsˈstɑn ] ) , officially the Kyrgyz Republic ( Kyrgyz : Кыргыз Республикасы , romanized : Kırğız Respublikası ; Russian : Кыргызская Республика , tr . Kyrgyzskaya Respublika ) , and also known as Kirghizia ( Russian : Киргизия [ kʲɪrˈɡʲizʲɪjə ] ) , is a country in Central Asia . Kyrgyzstan is a landlocked country with mountainous terrain . It is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north , Uzbekistan to the west and southwest , Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east . Its capital and largest city is Bishkek . Kyrgyzstan 's recorded history spans over 2,000 years , encompassing a variety of cultures and empires . Although geographically isolated by its highly mountainous terrain , which has helped preserve its ancient culture , Kyrgyzstan has been at the crossroads of several great civilizations as part of the Silk Road and other commercial and cultural routes . Though long inhabited by a succession of independent tribes and clans , Kyrgyzstan has periodically fallen under foreign domination and attained sovereignty as a nation-state only after the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 . Since independence , the sovereign state has officially been a unitary parliamentary republic , although it continues to endure ethnic conflicts , revolts , economic troubles , transitional governments and political conflict . Kyrgyzstan is a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States , the Eurasian Economic Union , the Collective Security Treaty Organization , the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation , the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation , the Turkic Council , the Türksoy community and the United Nations . Ethnic Kyrgyz make up the majority of the country 's six million people , followed by significant minorities of Uzbeks and Russians . Kyrgyz is closely related to other Turkic languages , although Russian remains widely spoken and is an official language , a legacy of a century of Russification ."}]}, {'value': 'Leonid Pykhteyev Nazirdin Akylbekov Vladimir Kiselyov', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nazirdin_Akylbekov', 'summary': "Nazirdin Alikbekov ( born 14 July 1966 ) is a Kyrgyzstani long-distance runner . He competed in the men 's marathon at the 1996 Summer Olympics and the 2000 Summer Olympics ."}]}, {'value': '3:29:23', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Croatia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Croatia', 'summary': "Croatia ( /kroʊˈeɪʃə/ ( listen ) , kroh-AY-shə ; Croatian : Hrvatska , pronounced [ xř̩ʋaːtskaː ] ) , officially the Republic of Croatia ( Croatian : Republika Hrvatska , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ d ] is a country in Southeast Europe . It borders Slovenia to the northwest , Hungary to the northeast , Serbia to the east , Bosnia and Herzegovina , and Montenegro to the southeast , sharing a maritime border with Italy . Its capital , Zagreb , forms one of the country 's primary subdivisions , along with twenty counties . Croatia has an area of 56,594 square kilometres ( 21,851 square miles ) and a population of 4.28 million , most of whom are Roman Catholics . Croatia has been inhabited since the Paleolithic Age . The Croats arrived in the area in the 6th century and organised the territory into two duchies by the 9th century . Croatia was first internationally recognized as an independent state on 7 June 879 during the reign of duke Branimir . Tomislav became the first king by 925 , elevating Croatia to the status of a kingdom , which retained its sovereignty for nearly two centuries . During the succession crisis after the Trpimirović dynasty ended , Croatia entered a personal union with Hungary in 1102 . In 1527 , faced with Ottoman conquest , the Croatian Parliament elected Ferdinand I of Austria to the Croatian throne . In October 1918 , in the final days of World War I , the State of Slovenes , Croats and Serbs , independent from Austria-Hungary , was proclaimed in Zagreb , and in December 1918 it was merged into the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes ( renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929 ) . Following the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941 , most of the Croatian territory was incorporated into a Nazi-backed client-state , the Independent State of Croatia ."}]}, {'value': 'Drago Paripović Josip Lacković Nedeljko Ravić', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3:33:28', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': "Team results -- Men 's", 'section_text': '', 'uid': '1996_IAAF_World_Half_Marathon_Championships_2', 'intro': 'The 5th IAAF World Half Marathon Championships was held on September 29, 1996, in Palma de Mallorca, Spain. A total of 206 athletes, 134 men and 72 women, from 53 countries took part. Complete results were published.'}
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What is the nominal GDP rank of the country that finished tenth at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships ?
15th
04e4109f5638170d
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Japan_Golf_Tour', 'title': '2007 Japan Golf Tour', 'header': ['Date', 'Tournament', 'Prize fund ( ¥ )', 'Winner', 'OWGR pts'], 'data': [{'value': '15 Apr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Token Homemate Cup', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Token_Homemate_Cup', 'summary': 'The Token Homemate Cup ( 東建ホームメイトカップ , Tōken hōmumeito kappu ) is a golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . It has been played annually since 1988 and has been an official event since 1990 . It is usually the first event played on the Japan Golf Tour season . The tournament record is 267 ( −21 ) . It was set by Wayne Perske in 2006 . The course measures 7,081 yards and the par is 71 . In 2017 , the purse was ¥130,000,000 with ¥26,000,000 going to the winner .'}]}, {'value': '110,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yui Ueda ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yui_Ueda', 'summary': 'Yui Ueda ( 上田諭尉 , Ueda Yui ) ( born 9 March 1974 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . Ueda plays on the Japan Golf Tour , where he has won once .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '22 Apr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tsuruya Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tsuruya_Open', 'summary': "The Tsuruya Open ( つるやオープンゴルフトーナメント , Tsuruya ōpun gorufu tōnamento ) was a golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . It was played annually from 1994 to 2014 . The tournament 's to-par record was −17 ( 271 ) set by Katsumasa Miyamoto in 1998 . The aggregate record was 266 ( -18 ) set by Hideki Matsuyama in 2013 . In 2014 , the purse was ￥110,000,000 with ￥22,000,000 going to the winner ."}]}, {'value': '100,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Brendan Jones ( 6 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Brendan_Jones_(golfer)', 'summary': 'Brendan Mark Jones ( born 3 March 1975 ) is an Australian professional golfer who plays on the Japan Golf Tour , where he has won 15 times between 2002 and 2019 .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '29 Apr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Crowns', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/The_Crowns', 'summary': "The Crowns ( 中日クラウンズ , Chūnichi kuraunzu ) is a golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . From the 10th anniversary in 1969 to the 50th anniversary in 2009 , the official name of this competition was International Invitational Golf THE CROWNS ( 国際招待ゴルフ 中日クラウンズ , Kokusai shōtai gorufu Chūnichi kuraunzu ) . The tournament record is 260 ( −20 ) . It was set by Masashi Ozaki in 1995 . The tournament has been played at the Wago Course at the Nagoya Golf Club since the tournament 's inception in 1960 . The course measures 6,557 yards and the par is 70 . The tournament has attracted some upper-tier golfers . Past winners include major winners Peter Thomson , David Graham , Scott Simpson , Greg Norman , Seve Ballesteros , Davis Love III , Darren Clarke and Justin Rose ."}]}, {'value': '120,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hirofumi Miyase ( 7 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hirofumi_Miyase', 'summary': 'Hirofumi Miyase ( Japanese : 宮瀬博文 , born 11 April 1971 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . Miyase was born in Chiba Prefecture and would join the Japan Golf Tour after turning professional . He won his first title on the Japan Golf Tour in 1997 and would add six more wins between then and 2007 . In 2004 , Miyase played on the PGA Tour in the United States after finishing T28 at qualifying school . He made only five cuts in 27 starts and lost his tour card . His best finish was a T9 at the FedEx St. Jude Classic .'}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13 May', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Japan PGA Championship', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan_PGA_Championship', 'summary': 'The Japan PGA Championship ( 日本プロゴルフ選手権大会 , Nihon purogorufu senshuken taikai ) is an annual golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . It has been played since 1926 . It is played at a variety of courses throughout Japan . The purse for the 2017 event was ¥150,000,000 , with ¥30,000,000 going to the winner . Its title sponsor is Nissin Foods .'}]}, {'value': '130,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toshimitsu Izawa ( 16 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toshimitsu_Izawa', 'summary': "Toshimitsu Izawa ( Japanese : 伊沢利光 , born 2 March 1968 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . He is sometimes known outside Japan as Toshi Izawa . Izawa was born in Kanagawa , attended Nihon Taiiku University , and turned professional in 1989 . Izawa 's career on the Japan Golf Tour developed quite slowly . His first win came in 1995 , and he did not make the top ten on the money list until 1999 , when he was thirty one years old . He went on to top the money list in 2001 and 2003 . In the first of those years he set a record of ¥217,934,583 in earnings which survived though the 2004 season , and his dominant form in Japan lifted him into the top twenty in the Official World Golf Ranking . He has 16 victories on the Japan Golf Tour and is eighth on the career money list ( through 2013 ) . Izawa has only played a limited number of tournaments outside Japan , but in 2001 he finished tied fourth at the Masters Tournament , which is one of golf 's four major championships , and tied for second at the PGA Tour 's Nissan Open . In 2002 , he won the WGC-World Cup for Japan in partnership with Shigeki Maruyama ."}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20 May', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Munsingwear Open KSB Cup', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Munsingwear_Open_KSB_Cup', 'summary': 'The Munsingwear Open KSB Cup is an annual professional golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . It was created in 2000 as a result of the merger of two previous tournaments , the Georgia KSB Open and the Descente Classic Munsingwear Cup . The Georgia KSB Open started in 1989 , and the Descente Classic Munsingwear Cup started in 1992 . Since 2004 , the tournament has been played at the Tojigaoka Marine Hills Golf Club in Okayama . The purse for 2008 was ¥100,000,000 , with ¥20,000,000 going to the winner . At the 2007 Munsingwear Open KSB Cup , Ryo Ishikawa , an amateur , became the youngest ever winner on the Japan Golf Tour , aged 15 years and 8 months .'}]}, {'value': '100,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Ryo Ishikawa ( amateur )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ryo_Ishikawa', 'summary': 'Ryo Ishikawa ( 石川 遼 , Ishikawa Ryō , born 17 September 1991 ) , also known by the nickname Hanikami Ōji ( ハニカミ王子 , literally , Bashful Prince ) , is a Japanese professional golfer .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '27 May', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mitsubishi Diamond Cup Golf', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mitsubishi_Diamond_Cup_Golf', 'summary': 'Diamond Cup Golf ( アジアパシフィックオープンゴルフチャンピオンシップ ダイヤモンドカップゴルフ , Ajia pasifikku opun gorufu chanpionsippu Daiyamondo kappu gorufu ) is an annual golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . Since its founding in 1973 , the event has traveled throughout Japan ; different courses have hosted the event on all four major islands . In 2018 , the purse was ¥150,000,000 , with ¥30,000,000 going to the winner . Beginning in 2014 , the tournament was co-sanctioned by the Asian Tour .'}]}, {'value': '110,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tetsuji Hiratsuka ( 4 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tetsuji_Hiratsuka', 'summary': 'Tetsuji Hiratsuka ( 平塚 哲二 , Hiratsuka Tetsuji , born 6 November 1971 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . Hiratsuka was born in Kyoto , Japan . He has won six times on the Japan Golf Tour . He represented Japan at the 2007 Omega Mission Hills World Cup with Hideto Tanihara .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3 Jun', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'JCB Classic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/JCB_Classic', 'summary': 'The JCB Classic was an annual Japan Golf Tour event . In recent years the tournament had been held in the end of May . It was first played in 1972 . The event has been hosted on various courses in Miyagi Prefecture . The 2007 course was the Hananomori Golf Club and the prize fund was ¥100,000,000 with ¥20,000,000 going to the winner .'}]}, {'value': '100,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tomohiro Kondo ( 3 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tomohiro_Kondo', 'summary': 'Tomohiro Kondo ( Japanese : 近藤智弘 , born 17 June 1977 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . Kondo was born in Tōkai , Aichi , Japan . He won the gold medal at the 1998 Asian Games . After turning professional , Kondo joined the Japan Golf Tour . He has five wins on the Japan Golf Tour , winning twice in 2006 , and once in 2007 , 2008 , 2011 , and 2014 .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '24 Jun', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Gateway to the Open Mizuno Open Yomiuri Classic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Gateway_to_the_Open_Mizuno_Open_Yomiuri_Classic', 'summary': "The Mizuno Open ( ミズノオープン , Mizuno ōpun ) is a golf tournament played in Japan since 1971 . It has been a Japan Golf Tour event since 1979 . Beginning in 1998 , the top four finishers in the Mizuno Open that were not already exempt into The Open Championship received exemptions . There is also a mini-money list of events up to and including the Mizuno Open that earns two exemptions to The Open . This is why the event has been called Gateway to The Open ( 全英への道 , Zen'ei eno michi ) since then . It was played at the Setonaikai Golf Club in Kasaoka , Okayama from 1998 to 2006 and also from 2011 to 2014 and at the Tokinodai Country Club in Ishikawa from at least 1985 to 1997 . The purse for the 2019 event was ¥100,000,000 , with ¥20,000,000 going to the winner . From 2007 to 2010 The Mizuno Open merged with the Yomiuri Open to form the Gateway to The Open Mizuno Open Yomiuri Classic . It was played at the Yomiuri Country Club in Nishinomiya , Hyōgo ."}]}, {'value': '130,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lee Dong-hwan ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lee_Dong-hwan', 'summary': 'Lee Dong-hwan ( Korean : 이동환 ; born 9 April 1987 ) , also known as D. H. Lee is a South Korean professional golfer . Lee played on the Japan Golf Tour where he won twice . Lee was medalist at the PGA Tour Qualifying Tournament in December 2012 and began play on the PGA Tour in 2013 . He won on the Web.com Tour in 2017 at the United Leasing & Finance Championship .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1 Jul', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Japan Golf Tour Championship', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan_Golf_Tour_Championship', 'summary': 'The Japan Golf Tour Championship Mori Building Cup Shishido Hills ( 日本ゴルフツアー選手権 森ビルカップ 宍戸ヒルズ , Nihon gorufu tsuā senshuken moribiru kappu shishido hiruzu ) is an annual major golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . Its main sponsor is Mori Building . It was founded in 2000 . It has been played at Shishido Hills Country Club since 2003 . From 2000 to 2002 , it was played at Horai Country Club .'}]}, {'value': '150,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shingo Katayama ( 22 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shingo_Katayama', 'summary': 'Shingo Katayama ( Japanese : 片山 晋呉 , born 31 January 1973 ) is a Japanese golfer . Katayama was born in Chikusei , Ibaraki Prefecture . He turned professional in 1995 and has played full-time on the Japan Golf Tour since 1997 . He topped the Japan Golf Tour money list five times : 2000 , 2004 , 2005 , 2006 , and 2008 . He has won 31 tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour , ranking sixth on the career wins list and ranking second on the career money list with over 1.9 billion ¥ . Katayama has played in several major championships and World Golf Championships events , and his most notable achievement outside Japan is his tied fourth-place finish at the 2001 PGA Championship . He played the 3rd round with the champion David Toms . He was called Cowboy Shingo due to his distinctive cowboy-style hat . He has featured in the top thirty of the Official World Golf Rankings . Placing fourth with a 10-under par at the 2009 Masters , he tied Toshimitsu Izawa ( 2001 ) for the best showing of a Japanese golfer at the tournament .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8 Jul', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Woodone Open Hiroshima', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Woodone_Open_Hiroshima', 'summary': 'The Woodone Open Hiroshima was a golf event on the Japan Golf Tour from 1973 to 2007 . It was first played in 1972 as the Hiroshima Open . The venues were the courses of the Hiroshima Country Club , except the 1997 tournament , that was held at the Yonex Country Club in Niigata .'}]}, {'value': '100,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toru Taniguchi ( 12 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toru_Taniguchi', 'summary': 'Toru Taniguchi ( 谷口 徹 , Taniguchi Tōru , born 10 February 1968 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . Taniguchi was born in Nara . He has won 20 tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour ( ranking 10th on the most career victories list ) , topped the money list in 2002 and 2007 , and is fourth on the career money list ( through 2018 ) . In 2001 , he reached the semi-finals of the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship . He has featured in the top 30 of the Official World Golf Ranking and was the highest ranked Japanese golfer from 2007 to 2008 .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15 Jul', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Nagashima Shigeo Invitational Sega Sammy Cup', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Nagashima_Shigeo_Invitational_Sega_Sammy_Cup', 'summary': 'The Shigeo Nagashima Invitational Sega Sammy Cup ( 長嶋茂雄Invitational セガサミーカップゴルフトーナメント , Nagashima shigeo inviteishonaru sega samī kappu gorufu tōnamento ) is a golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . It has been played annually at The North Country Golf Club near Chitose , Hokkaido since 2005 . The tournament typically took place the first week of July , but in 2019 it was played in late August . The course measured 7,167 yards and the par was 72 . The purse was ¥150,000,000 , with ¥30,000,000 going to the winner . Shunsuke Sonoda set the tournament record in 2013 , shooting −20 ( 268 ) a score subsequently equalled by Ryo Ishikawa in 2019 .'}]}, {'value': '150,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toru Taniguchi ( 13 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toru_Taniguchi', 'summary': 'Toru Taniguchi ( 谷口 徹 , Taniguchi Tōru , born 10 February 1968 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . Taniguchi was born in Nara . He has won 20 tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour ( ranking 10th on the most career victories list ) , topped the money list in 2002 and 2007 , and is fourth on the career money list ( through 2018 ) . In 2001 , he reached the semi-finals of the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship . He has featured in the top 30 of the Official World Golf Ranking and was the highest ranked Japanese golfer from 2007 to 2008 .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5 Aug', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sun Chlorella Classic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sun_Chlorella_Classic', 'summary': 'The Sun Chlorella Classic ( サン・クロレラクラシック , San kurorera kurashikku ) was a golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour from 2000 to 2012 . The tournament record was −19 ( 67-67-66-69=269 ) , set by Christian Pena in 2002 . In 2012 , it was played from 26-29 July . The purse was ￥150,000,000 with ￥30,000,000 going to the winner .'}]}, {'value': '150,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Jun Kikuchi ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Jun_Kikuchi', 'summary': 'Jun Kikuchi ( born 22 December 1973 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . Kikuchi plays on the Japan Golf Tour , where he has won once .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '26 Aug', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'KBC Augusta', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/KBC_Augusta', 'summary': "The RIZAP KBC Augusta is an annual golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . The title sponsor is the Kyushu Asahi Broadcasting . The tournament was first played in 1973 and is held in August . The event 's venue since 1992 is the Keya Golf Club in Itoshima , Fukuoka . The 2019 purse was ¥100,000,000 , with ¥20,000,000 going to the winner . The tournament records are 262 ( aggregate ) and −26 ( to par ) set by Kazuki Higa in 2019 ."}]}, {'value': '100,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Katsumasa Miyamoto ( 6 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Katsumasa_Miyamoto', 'summary': 'Katsumasa Miyamoto ( Japanese : 宮本勝昌 , born 28 August 1972 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . Miyamoto was born in Shizuoka Prefecture . After turning professional , he joined the Japan Golf Tour , where he has won 12 times . He won his first title in 1998 , adding another later that year . He added two more wins in 2001 and 2014 and one win in 2003 , 2007 , 2008 , 2010 , 2017 and 2019 .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2 Sep', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fujisankei Classic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fujisankei_Classic', 'summary': "The Fujisankei Classic ( フジサンケイクラシック , Fuji sankei kurashikku ) is an annual golf event on the Japan Golf Tour . It was first played in 1973 on the Takasaka Country Club - Yoneyama Course . The tournament moved to the Higashi-Matsuyama Golf Club in 1979 and to the Kawana Hotel 's Fuji course in 1981 . The tournament has been held at the Fujizakura Country Club in Yamanashi Prefecture since 2005 . The prize fund in 2019 was ¥110,000,000 , with ¥22,000,000 going to the winner . The title sponsor is the Fujisankei Communications Group ."}]}, {'value': '150,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hideto Tanihara ( 5 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hideto_Tanihara', 'summary': 'Hideto Tanihara ( 谷原 秀人 , Tanihara Hideto , born 16 November 1978 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . He has won 14 tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9 Sep 6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Suntory Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Suntory_Open', 'summary': 'The Suntory Open was a golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . It was first played in 1973 . The event is held in Chiba , currently at the Sobu Country Club . The prize fund in 2007 was ¥100,000,000 with ¥20,000,000 going to the winner .'}]}, {'value': '100,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hideto Tanihara ( 6 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hideto_Tanihara', 'summary': 'Hideto Tanihara ( 谷原 秀人 , Tanihara Hideto , born 16 November 1978 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . He has won 14 tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16 Sep', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ANA Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ANA_Open', 'summary': "The ANA Open ( ANAオープンゴルフトーナメント , Ei-enu-ei ōpun golufu tōnamento ) is a Japan Golf Tour event . ANA is an acronym for All Nippon Airways , the tournament 's sponsor . First played in 1973 , it is usually held in September each year . The host venues are the Sapporo golf club Wattsu and Yuni courses . The tournament record is 268 ( −20 ) , set by Masashi Ozaki in 1994 . He currently also holds the all-time record of wins at this tournament with seven . The 2019 purse was ¥110,000,000 , of which the winner 's share was ¥22,000,000 ."}]}, {'value': '100,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Norio Shinozaki ( 1 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Norio_Shinozaki', 'summary': 'Norio Shinozaki ( 篠崎 紀夫 , Shinozaki Norio , born 24 October 1969 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . Shinozaki plays on the Japan Golf Tour , where he has won once .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '30 Sep', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Coca-Cola Tokai Classic', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Coca-Cola_Tokai_Classic', 'summary': 'The Top Cup Tokai Classic ( トップ杯東海クラシック , Toppu-hai Tōkai kurashikku ) is an annual event on the Japan Golf Tour . It is usually played in October and in recent years at the Miyoshi Country Club West Course , Miyoshi , Aichi . It was founded in 1970 . In 2016 , it was played from September 29 to October 2 . The course measured 7,315 yards and the par was 72 . The purse in 2019 was ¥110,000,000 with ¥22,000,000 going to the winner .'}]}, {'value': '120,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Camilo Villegas ( n/a )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Camilo_Villegas', 'summary': 'Camilo Villegas ( Spanish pronunciation : [ kaˈmilo βiˈʎeɣas ] ; born 7 January 1982 ) is a Colombian professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14 Oct', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Japan Open Golf Championship', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan_Open_Golf_Championship', 'summary': "The Japan Open Golf Championship ( 日本オープンゴルフ選手権競技 , Nihon ōpun gorufu senshu kenkyōgi ) is Japan 's national open golf championship . As of 2016 , it is one of the three richest tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour , with a prize fund of ¥200 million . It is also the tour 's designated Premier event for the purposes of the Official World Golf Ranking , with a minimum winner 's points allocation of 32 points . The winner also receives an invitation to the next year 's Open Championship ."}]}, {'value': '200,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toru Taniguchi ( 14 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toru_Taniguchi', 'summary': 'Toru Taniguchi ( 谷口 徹 , Taniguchi Tōru , born 10 February 1968 ) is a Japanese professional golfer . Taniguchi was born in Nara . He has won 20 tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour ( ranking 10th on the most career victories list ) , topped the money list in 2002 and 2007 , and is fourth on the career money list ( through 2018 ) . In 2001 , he reached the semi-finals of the WGC-Accenture Match Play Championship . He has featured in the top 30 of the Official World Golf Ranking and was the highest ranked Japanese golfer from 2007 to 2008 .'}]}, {'value': '32', 'urls': []}, {'value': '21 Oct', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bridgestone Open', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bridgestone_Open', 'summary': 'The Bridgestone Open ( ブリヂストンオープンゴルフトーナメント , Burijisuton ōpun gorufu tōnamento ) is a golf tournament on the Japan Golf Tour . It was first played in 1972 at the Mitsukaido Golf Club . In 1973 , the event moved to the Tokyo Yomiuri Country Club . Since 1974 it has held at the Sodegaura Country Club . From 1972 to 1984 , the name of this competition was Bridgestone Tournament , because it was only for professional players . The tournament record is 265 ( −23 ) , set by Yuta Ikeda in 2010 . The 2018 total purse was ¥150,000,000 with ¥30,000,000 going to the winner . The winner gets an invite to the WGC-Bridgestone Invitational .'}]}, {'value': '110,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Shingo Katayama ( 23 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shingo_Katayama', 'summary': 'Shingo Katayama ( Japanese : 片山 晋呉 , born 31 January 1973 ) is a Japanese golfer . Katayama was born in Chikusei , Ibaraki Prefecture . He turned professional in 1995 and has played full-time on the Japan Golf Tour since 1997 . He topped the Japan Golf Tour money list five times : 2000 , 2004 , 2005 , 2006 , and 2008 . He has won 31 tournaments on the Japan Golf Tour , ranking sixth on the career wins list and ranking second on the career money list with over 1.9 billion ¥ . Katayama has played in several major championships and World Golf Championships events , and his most notable achievement outside Japan is his tied fourth-place finish at the 2001 PGA Championship . He played the 3rd round with the champion David Toms . He was called Cowboy Shingo due to his distinctive cowboy-style hat . He has featured in the top thirty of the Official World Golf Rankings . Placing fourth with a 10-under par at the 2009 Masters , he tied Toshimitsu Izawa ( 2001 ) for the best showing of a Japanese golfer at the tournament .'}]}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': '28 Oct', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'ABC Championship', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/ABC_Championship', 'summary': 'The Mynavi ABC Championship ( マイナビABCチャンピオンシップゴルフトーナメント , Mainabi ei-bī-shī champyon gorufu tōnamento ) is an annual event on the Japan Golf Tour . It is played at the ABC Golf Club in Katō , Hyōgo , usually in October . It was founded in 1971 as a Japan vs. United States team match ( there was also individual prize money and the event counted as an official win on tour ) . In 1988 , it became a full-field individual event . The event is sponsored by Asahi Broadcasting Corporation and Mynavi Corporation .'}]}, {'value': '120,000,000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Frankie Miñoza ( 7 )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Frankie_Miñoza', 'summary': "Francisco Frankie Miñoza ( born 29 December 1959 ) is a Filipino professional golfer . Miñoza has played extensively in Asia , winning a number of tournaments on the leading Asian and Japanese tours in addition to many lesser events on the local circuits , especially in the Philippines and Malaysia . In 1990 he won three times on the Asia Golf Circuit and topped the tour 's Order of Merit . He spent most of the following years , and had his most notable successes , on the Japan Golf Tour . In 1998 Minoza featured in the top 50 of the Official World Golf Ranking having recorded several top finishes in Japan , including a victory in the Asia Circuit co-sanctioned Kirin Open . He also won three other tournaments on the Asia Circuit , and captured the Order of Merit for the second time . In 2005 , after losing his Japanese tour card , he joined the Asian Tour for the first time since its formal establishment in 1995 . He finished 27th on the Asian money list to retain his card and also regained his Japan Golf Tour card by finishing second at the qualifying school . In 2007 he won his second Philippine Open at the age of 46 to claim his first Asian Tour title . In November 2010 , Miñoza earned his 2011 Champions Tour card by finishing second at qualifying school ."}]}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Tournament results', 'section_text': "The following table shows all the official money events in Japan for the 2007 season . The number in brackets after each winner 's name is the number of Japan Golf Tour events he had won up to and including that tournament . This information is only shown for Japan Golf Tour members .", 'uid': '2007_Japan_Golf_Tour_0', 'intro': 'The 2007 Japan Golf Tour season was played from 12 April to 2 December. The season consisted of 24 official money events in Japan, as well as the four majors and the three World Golf Championships.'}
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Where was the location of the 2007 Japan golf tour tournament who 's winner was a 1998 gold medalist in the Asian games ?
Hananomori Golf Club
04e459db788e3ac7
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_actors_who_played_the_president_of_the_United_States', 'title': 'List of actors who played the president of the United States', 'header': ['Actress', 'President', 'Program', 'Year'], 'data': [{'value': 'Melissa Altro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Melissa_Altro', 'summary': "Melissa Altro ( born May 16 , 1982 ) is a Canadian voice actress from Montreal , Quebec . Prior to having a career to voice acting , Altro guest-starred on a 1994 episode of the YTV/Nickelodeon horror anthology series , Are You Afraid of the Dark ? . She also starred as Heather in the 1995 film Kids of the Round Table and as Barb in The Woods ( credited as Missy Altro ) . She has also voiced her Arthur character in the series Postcards from Buster , and specials Arthur 's Perfect Christmas and Arthur 's Halloween . She also has voiced other characters in the Arthur show , and has the distinction of being the only child actress to stay on the programme as an adult . Melissa also provides the voice for Gretchen in the Teletoon/Disney XD animated series Camp Lakebottom ( 2013 ) . The Montreal-born Altro is an alumna of St. George 's High School and McGill University ( where she majored in English , Drama and Theatre ) , both located in her hometown . In 2019 , Melissa became the announcer of Subway Restaurants across Canada ."}]}, {'value': 'President Mary Alice Crosswire ( ( Muffy ) )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arthur', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arthur_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Arthur is a Canadian-American animated educational television series for children ages 4 to 8 , created by Cookie Jar Group ( formerly known as Cinar ) and WGBH for PBS . The show is set in the fictional American city of Elwood City , and revolves around the lives of eight-year-old Arthur Read , an anthropomorphic aardvark , his friends and family , and their daily interactions with each other . The television series is based on the Arthur Adventure book series , written and illustrated by Marc Brown . WGBH Boston along with Cinar ( now Cookie Jar Group ) began production of the animated series in 1994 , and aired its first episode on October 7 , 1996 . Since its debut , the show has broadcast 246 half hour episodes . A pilot for the spin-off series Postcards from Buster aired in December 2003 as a season 8 episode of Arthur . Postcards from Buster aired from October 11 , 2004 , to November 21 , 2008 ; the series faced several years of hiatus , until a brief revival in February 2012 , only to be cancelled after airing three unseen episodes that had been held over from the show 's third season . Arthur often deals with important issues families face such as asthma , dyslexia , cancer , diabetes , and autism spectrum disorder . It also encourages reading and relationships with family and friends by explaining that people have different personalities and interests . Arthur became one of the highest-rated shows on PBS Kids for several years since its debut , averaging almost 10 million viewers weekly in the U.S . It is aired in a total of 83 countries , including on : PBS in the United States ; Radio-Canada , Knowledge Network , TVOntario , and CBC in Canada ; several ABC channels in Australia ; and BBC One/CBBC in the UK . It is the longest-running children 's animated series in the U.S. , and the second longest-running animated series in the U.S. , behind The Simpsons ."}]}, {'value': '2000', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Teresa Barnwell', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'President Hillary Clinton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hillary_Clinton', 'summary': "Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton ( née Rodham ; born October 26 , 1947 ) is an American politician , diplomat , lawyer , writer , and public speaker . She served as First Lady of the United States from 1993 to 2001 , as a United States senator from New York from 2001 to 2009 , and as the 67th United States secretary of state from 2009 until 2013 . Clinton became the first woman to be nominated for president of the United States by a major political party when she won the Democratic Party nomination in 2016 . She was the first woman to win the popular vote in an American presidential election , which she lost to Donald Trump . Raised in the Chicago suburb of Park Ridge , Clinton graduated from Wellesley College in 1969 and earned a Juris Doctor from Yale Law School in 1973 . After serving as a congressional legal counsel , she moved to Arkansas and married future president Bill Clinton in 1975 ; the two had met at Yale . In 1977 , she co-founded Arkansas Advocates for Children and Families . She was appointed the first female chair of the Legal Services Corporation in 1978 and became the first female partner at Little Rock 's Rose Law Firm the following year . Clinton was the first lady of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981 and again from 1983 to 1992 . As First Lady of the United States , Clinton advocated for healthcare reform . In 1994 , her major initiative - the Clinton health care plan - failed to gain approval from Congress . In 1997 and 1999 , Clinton played a leading role in advocating the creation of the State Children 's Health Insurance Program , the Adoption and Safe Families Act and the Foster Care Independence Act ."}]}, {'value': 'Sliders ( The Weaker Sex )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sliders', 'summary': 'Sliders is an American science fiction and fantasy television series created by Robert K. Weiss and Tracy Tormé . It was broadcast for five seasons between 1995 and 2000 . The series follows a group of travelers as they use a wormhole to slide between different parallel universes . Tormé , Weiss , Leslie Belzberg , John Landis , David Peckinpah , Bill Dial and Alan Barnette served as executive producers at different times of the production . For its first two seasons it was produced in Vancouver , British Columbia . It was filmed primarily in Los Angeles , California in the last three seasons . Since its debut on March 22 , 1995 , the first three seasons were broadcast by the Fox network . After being canceled by Fox , the series moved to Sci Fi Channel for its final two seasons . The last new episode first aired on December 29 , 1999 in the United Kingdom , and was broadcast on the Sci Fi Channel on February 4 .'}]}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Kate Burton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kate_Burton_(actress)', 'summary': "Katherine Burton ( born September 10 , 1957 ) is a Swiss-born Welsh-American actress , daughter of actor Richard Burton and Sybil Burton . On television , Burton received critical acclaim for performances in Shonda Rhimes 's drama series as Ellis Grey on Grey 's Anatomy , and as Vice President Sally Langston on Scandal . She has been nominated for three Primetime Emmy Awards and three Tony Awards ."}]}, {'value': 'Acting President Sally M. Langston', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Scandal', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Scandal_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Scandal is an American political thriller television series starring Kerry Washington . Created by Shonda Rhimes , it aired on ABC from April 5 , 2012 , until April 19 , 2018 , for 124 episodes over seven seasons . Kerry Washington 's character , Olivia Pope , is partially based on former George H.W . Bush administration press aide Judy Smith , who serves as a co-executive producer . The show takes place in Washington , D.C. and focuses on Olivia Pope 's crisis management firm , Olivia Pope & Associates ( OPA ) , and its staff , as well as staff at the White House and surrounding political scene . In addition to Kerry Washington , the show features Tony Goldwyn as Fitzgerald Grant III , the President of the United States - later a former President - and Olivia 's main love interest ; Darby Stanchfield as Abby Whelan , an assistant at OPA ( later renamed Quinn Perkins & Associates or QPA ) , and also the former White House Press Secretary and Chief of Staff ; Katie Lowes as Quinn Perkins , former assistant at OPA and later head of QPA ; Guillermo Diaz as Huck , a former agent of a spy agency called B613 and assistant at QPA ; Jeff Perry as Cyrus Beene , the former White House Chief of Staff under Grant and later Vice President of the United States under Mellie Grant ; Joshua Malina as David Rosen , the Attorney General ; Bellamy Young as Mellie Grant , the ex-First Lady , a former senator , and later the President of the United States after Grant ; Scott Foley as Jake Ballard , the Director of the NSA and Olivia 's secondary love interest ; Cornelius Smith Jr. as Marcus Walker , a civil rights activist , who used to be an OPA assistant and White House Press Secretary ; Joe Morton as Eli Rowan Pope , Olivia 's father and the former head of B613 ; and George Newbern as Charlie , a former B613 agent who later becomes a member of QPA . The show was named a Television Program of the Year by the American Film Institute , received the Peabody Award for Excellence in Television and was honored as Outstanding Drama Series at the Image Awards . Washington has won the Image Award for Outstanding Actress in a Drama Series and has been nominated for an Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series , a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Drama Series , and a SAG Award for Outstanding Performance by an Actress in a Drama Series ."}]}, {'value': '2013', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lynda Carter', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lynda_Carter', 'summary': 'Lynda Jean Cordova Carter ( born July 24 , 1951 ) is an American actress , singer , songwriter , model , and beauty pageant titleholder , who was crowned Miss World USA 1972 and finished in the Top 15 at the Miss World 1972 pageant . Carter is most widely known as the star of the American live-action television series Wonder Woman , in the role of Diana Prince / Wonder Woman , based on the DC comic book fictional superheroine character of the same name , which aired on ABC and later on CBS from 1975 to 1979 .'}]}, {'value': 'President Olivia Marsdin', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Supergirl', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Supergirl_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Supergirl is an American superhero television series developed by Ali Adler , Greg Berlanti and Andrew Kreisberg that originally aired on CBS and premiered on October 26 , 2015 . It is based on the DC Comics character Supergirl , created by Otto Binder and Al Plastino , and stars Melissa Benoist in the title role . Supergirl is a costumed superheroine who is Superman 's cousin and one of the last surviving Kryptonians . The series is the third series set in the Arrowverse , sharing continuity with the other television series of the franchise . Filming takes place in Vancouver , British Columbia . The series was officially picked up on May 6 , 2015 , after receiving a series commitment in September 2014 , and received a full season order on November 30 , 2015 . Since the second season , the series has aired on The CW . The show has received generally positive reviews from critics , who have praised the creative direction , the performances , and the themes addressed . In January 2019 , the series was renewed for a fifth season , which premiered on October 6 , 2019 . In January 2020 , The CW renewed the series for a sixth season ."}]}, {'value': '2016-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Patty Duke', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patty_Duke', 'summary': "Anna Marie Patty Duke ( December 14 , 1946 - March 29 , 2016 ) was an American actress who appeared on stage , film , and television . At age 16 , Duke portrayed Helen Keller in The Miracle Worker ( 1962 ) , a role that she had previously originated on Broadway . Duke won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance . The following year , she played the dual role of identical cousins Cathy and Patty Lane on her own show : The Patty Duke Show . She later progressed to more mature roles , such as Neely O'Hara in the film Valley of the Dolls ( 1967 ) . Over the course of her career , Duke received three Emmy Awards , and two Golden Globe Awards . Duke also served as president of the Screen Actors Guild from 1985 to 1988 . Duke was diagnosed with bipolar disorder in 1982 . Following her diagnosis , she devoted much of her time to advocating for and educating the public on mental health . Duke was the mother of actors Sean Astin and Mackenzie Astin ."}]}, {'value': 'President Julia Mansfield', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hail to the Chief', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hail_to_the_Chief_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Hail to the Chief is an American sitcom that aired on ABC from April 9 to May 21 , 1985 . It centred around the President of the United States , portrayed by Patty Duke . The series was created by Susan Harris , and was produced by Witt/Thomas/Harris Productions . It featured one of the few recurring gay characters in a 1980s television series ( Randy , the Secret Service Agent portrayed by Joel Brooks ) .'}]}, {'value': '1985', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Geena Davis', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Geena_Davis', 'summary': "Virginia Elizabeth Geena Davis ( born January 21 , 1956 ) is an American actress and activist . Davis has received numerous accolades for her acting work in both film and television , and is noted for her portrayals of strong and authentic female characters as well as her involvement in advocacy for women in the industry . Having graduated with a bachelor 's degree in drama from Boston University in 1979 , Davis signed with New York 's Zoli modeling agency and started her career as a model . She made her acting debut in the film Tootsie ( 1982 ) , in 1984 she starred in the thriller The Fly ( 1986 ) , which proved to be one of her first box office hits . While the fantasy comedy Beetlejuice ( 1988 ) brought her to international prominence , the drama The Accidental Tourist ( also 1988 ) earned her the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . That same year , she also starred in Earth Girls are Easy , which was not a box office success . She cemented her leading actress status with her performance in the road film Thelma & Louise ( 1991 ) , receiving a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress . Davis 's roles in the box office failures Cutthroat Island ( 1995 ) and The Long Kiss Goodnight ( 1996 ) , both directed by then-husband Renny Harlin , were followed by a lengthy break and downturn in her career . Davis starred as the adoptive mother of the titular character in the Stuart Little franchise ( 1999-2005 ) and as the first female president of the United States in the television series Commander in Chief ( 2005-2006 ) , winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Television Series Drama for her role in the latter . Her later films include Accidents Happen ( 2009 ) and Marjorie Prime ( 2017 ) . She has portrayed the recurring role of Dr. Nicole Herman in Grey 's Anatomy ( 2014-2015 , 2018 ) , and also starred as Regan MacNeil/Angela Rance in the first season of the horror television series The Exorcist ( 2017 ) . In 2004 , Davis launched the Geena Davis Institute on Gender in Media , which works collaboratively with the entertainment industry to dramatically increase the presence of female characters in media ."}]}, {'value': 'President Mackenzie Allen', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mackenzie_Allen', 'summary': "Commander in Chief is an American drama television series that focused on the fictional administration and family of Mackenzie Allen ( portrayed by Geena Davis ) , the first female President of the United States , who ascends to the post from the Vice Presidency after the death of the sitting President from a sudden cerebral aneurysm . The series began broadcasting on ABC on Tuesday , September 27 , 2005 , at 9 p.m. Eastern Time , although most countries outside North America began screening the series in mid-2006 . The show was # 1 on Tuesday nights until FOX 's American Idol started in January . The show was also the # 1 new show of the season until CBS ' Criminal Minds surpassed it . Its major competitor in the 9:00 p.m. timeslot was FOX 's House , which aired after American Idol . The series was created by American director Rod Lurie , director of the films The Contender and Deterrence . The network replaced Lurie with Steven Bochco as show runner , but after he failed to increase ratings he was also replaced with Dee Johnson while further declining ratings brought about a hiatus , a timeslot change and ultimately cancellation ."}]}, {'value': 'Commander in Chief', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Commander_in_Chief_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Commander in Chief is an American drama television series that focused on the fictional administration and family of Mackenzie Allen ( portrayed by Geena Davis ) , the first female President of the United States , who ascends to the post from the Vice Presidency after the death of the sitting President from a sudden cerebral aneurysm . The series began broadcasting on ABC on Tuesday , September 27 , 2005 , at 9 p.m. Eastern Time , although most countries outside North America began screening the series in mid-2006 . The show was # 1 on Tuesday nights until FOX 's American Idol started in January . The show was also the # 1 new show of the season until CBS ' Criminal Minds surpassed it . Its major competitor in the 9:00 p.m. timeslot was FOX 's House , which aired after American Idol . The series was created by American director Rod Lurie , director of the films The Contender and Deterrence . The network replaced Lurie with Steven Bochco as show runner , but after he failed to increase ratings he was also replaced with Dee Johnson while further declining ratings brought about a hiatus , a timeslot change and ultimately cancellation ."}]}, {'value': '2005-2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Tovah Feldshuh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tovah_Feldshuh', 'summary': "Terri Sue Tovah Feldshuh ( born December 27 , 1952 ) is an American actress , singer and playwright . She has been a Broadway star for more than four decades , earning four Tony Award nominations . She has also received two Emmy Award nominations for Holocaust and Law & Order , and appeared in such films as A Walk on the Moon , She 's Funny That Way , and Kissing Jessica Stein . In 2015-2016 , she played the role of Deanna Monroe on AMC 's television adaptation of The Walking Dead ."}]}, {'value': 'President Pauline Mackenzie', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Salvation', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Salvation_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Salvation is an American suspense drama television series , that premiered on July 12 , 2017 . An official trailer was released on May 10 , 2017 . The series was originally announced as being developed in September 2013 , but received its straight-to-series 13-episode order in October 2016 . On October 18 , 2017 , CBS renewed the series for a 13-episode second season , which premiered on June 25 , 2018 . On November 20 , 2018 , CBS canceled the series after two seasons .'}]}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Peggy Frankston', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'President Hillary Clinton', 'urls': []}, {'value': "L'État de Grace", 'urls': [{'url': "/wiki/L'État_de_Grace", 'summary': "L'État de Grace is a 2006 French mini-series directed by Pascal Chaumeil ."}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cherry Jones', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cherry_Jones', 'summary': "Cherry Jones ( born November 21 , 1956 ) is an American actress . A five-time Tony Award nominee for her work on Broadway , she has twice won the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play : for the 1995 revival of The Heiress and for the 2005 original production of Doubt . She has also won two Emmy Awards , winning Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2009 for her role as Allison Taylor on the FOX television series 24 , and then winning Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series in 2019 for her performance in The Handmaid 's Tale . She has also won three Drama Desk Awards . Jones made her Broadway debut in the 1987 original Broadway production of Stepping Out . Other stage credits include Pride 's Crossing ( 1997-98 ) and The Glass Menagerie ( 2013-14 ) . Her film appearances include The Horse Whisperer ( 1998 ) , Erin Brockovich ( 2000 ) , The Village ( 2004 ) , Amelia ( 2009 ) , and The Beaver ( 2011 ) . In 2012 , she played Dr. Judith Evans on the NBC drama Awake ."}]}, {'value': 'President Allison Taylor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Allison_Taylor_(24_character)', 'summary': 'Allison Taylor is a fictional character portrayed by Cherry Jones on the TV series 24 . The first female President of the United States within the 24 universe and a Republican , she took office in the TV movie , 24 : Redemption and served in Season 7 and Season 8 .'}]}, {'value': '24', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/24_(TV_series)', 'summary': "24 is an American action drama television series created by Joel Surnow and Robert Cochran for Fox . The series stars Kiefer Sutherland as counter-terrorist agent Jack Bauer . Each season , comprising 24 episodes , covers 24 hours in Bauer 's life using the real time method of narration . Premiering on November 6 , 2001 , the show spanned 192 episodes over eight seasons ; the series finale broadcast on May 24 , 2010 . In addition , a television film , 24 : Redemption , was broadcast between seasons six and seven , on November 23 , 2008 . 24 returned with a ninth season titled 24 : Live Another Day , which aired from May 5 to July 14 , 2014 . 24 : Legacy , a spin-off series featuring new characters , premiered on February 5 , 2017 . After the cancellation of Legacy in June 2017 , Fox announced its plan to develop a new incarnation of the franchise . 24 is a joint production by Imagine Television and 20th Century Fox Television and syndicated by 20th Television . The series begins with Bauer working for the Los Angeles-based Counter Terrorist Unit , in which he is a highly proficient agent with an ends justify the means approach , regardless of the perceived morality of some of his actions . Throughout the series most of the main plot elements unfold like a political thriller . A typical plot has Bauer racing against the clock as he attempts to thwart multiple terrorist plots , including presidential assassination attempts , weapons of mass destruction detonations , bioterrorism , cyber attacks , as well as conspiracies that deal with government and corporate corruption ."}]}, {'value': '2008-2010', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mimi Kuzyk', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mimi_Kuzyk', 'summary': 'Mimi Kuzyk ( born February 21 , 1952 ) is a Canadian actress .'}]}, {'value': 'President Sally Sheridan', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'XIII', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/XIII_(miniseries)', 'summary': 'XIII : The Conspiracy is a 2008 Franco-Canadian television film in two parts , based on the Belgian graphic novel series created by Jean Van Hamme and William Vance , about an amnesiac protagonist who seeks to discover his concealed past . The film served as a pilot for the 2011 television series XIII . The film was directed by Duane Clark , stars Val Kilmer and Stephen Dorff , and was produced by Prodigy Pictures and Cipango Films . It was first broadcast in France in October 2008 by Canal+ ; followed by NBC in the USA in February 2009 ; by Nine in Australia ( as The Conspiracy ) in November 2009 ; and by Five in the United Kingdom in December 2009 ( where it was shown as a single feature instead of in two parts ) .'}]}, {'value': '2008', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Charmin Lee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charmin_Lee', 'summary': "Charmin Lee is an American actress . She is perhaps best known for her recurring role as Jeanette Wood , Maya 's Mother , on the series Girlfriends ."}]}, {'value': 'Madame President', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sleepy Hollow', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sleepy_Hollow_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Sleepy Hollow is an American supernatural drama television series that aired on Fox from September 16 , 2013 to March 31 , 2017 . The series is loosely based on the short story The Legend of Sleepy Hollow by Washington Irving with added concepts from Rip Van Winkle , also by Irving . The series is initially set in real-life Sleepy Hollow , New York , although it portrays the town as much larger than it actually is . For the fourth and final season , the setting moved to Washington , D.C . In October 2013 , Sleepy Hollow was renewed for a second season with 13 episodes . The season was extended to 18 episodes in May 2014 . Early in March 2015 , Sleepy Hollow showrunner Mark Goffman left the series after the second season . On March 18 , 2015 , Sleepy Hollow was renewed for an 18-episode third season by Fox with a new showrunner , Clifton Campbell , taking over . In October 2015 Season 11 ( The Resurrection in the Remains ) of Bones began a 2-part crossover concluding in season 3 's Dead Men Tell No Tales which established Sleepy Hollow took place in that 2005 series ' universe , also shared with 2012 series The Finder . On May 13 , 2016 , Fox renewed the show for a fourth season which premiered on January 6 , 2017 . Albert Kim , previously an executive producer on the show , was named co-showrunner for the fourth season . The show was officially cancelled on May 9 , 2017 ."}]}, {'value': '2017', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Téa Leoni', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Téa_Leoni', 'summary': 'Elizabeth Téa Pantaleoni ( /ˈteɪ.ə pɑːntəleɪˈoʊni/ ; born February 25 , 1966 ) , better known by her stage name Téa Leoni , is an American actress and producer . In her early career , she starred in the television sitcoms Flying Blind ( 1992-93 ) and The Naked Truth ( 1995-98 ) . Her breakthrough role was in the 1995 action comedy film Bad Boys . In later years , Leoni had lead roles in films such as Deep Impact ( 1998 ) , The Family Man ( 2000 ) , Jurassic Park III ( 2001 ) , Spanglish ( 2004 ) and Fun with Dick and Jane ( 2005 ) . In 2014 , she returned to television in the leading role in the CBS political drama series Madam Secretary .'}]}, {'value': 'President Elizabeth Adams McCord', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Madam Secretary', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Madam_Secretary_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Madam Secretary is an American political drama television series created by Barbara Hall . It stars Téa Leoni as Elizabeth McCord , a former CIA analyst and political science professor turned Secretary of State . Madam Secretary premiered on September 21 , 2014 , on CBS and concluded on December 8 , 2019 . The series aired 120 episodes . Madam Secretary was renewed for a sixth season in May 2019 . It was later announced that same month that the sixth season would be the final season of the series and would consist of ten episodes . The sixth season premiered on October 6 , 2019 . Filming for the sixth season finished on November 13 , 2019 . The series concluded on December 8 , 2019 .'}]}, {'value': '2014-present', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Elizabeth Marvel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Elizabeth_Marvel', 'summary': 'Elizabeth Marvel ( born November 27 , 1969 ) is an American actress . Her most prominent roles include Det . Nancy Parras on The District , Solicitor General Heather Dunbar on House of Cards , and President Elizabeth Keane on Homeland . Film roles include Burn After Reading ; Synecdoche , New York ; True Grit ; Lincoln ( alongside husband Bill Camp ) ; and The Meyerowitz Stories .'}]}, {'value': 'President Elizabeth Keane', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Homeland', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Homeland_(TV_series)', 'summary': "Homeland is an American spy thriller television series developed by Howard Gordon and Alex Gansa based on the Israeli series Prisoners of War ( Original title Hebrew : חטופים , romanized : Hatufim , literally Abductees ) , which was created by Gideon Raff . The series stars Claire Danes as Carrie Mathison , a Central Intelligence Agency officer with bipolar disorder , and Damian Lewis as Nicholas Brody , a U.S. Marine Corps Scout Sniper . Mathison had come to believe that Brody , who was held captive by al-Qaeda as a prisoner of war , was turned by the enemy and poses a threat to the United States . The series focuses on a storyline that evolves from this premise , together with Mathison 's ongoing covert work . The series is broadcast in the U.S. on the cable channel Showtime , and is produced by Fox 21 Television Studios ( formerly Fox 21 ) . It premiered on October 2 , 2011 . The first episode was made available online more than two weeks before the television broadcast , with viewers having to complete game tasks to gain access . The series finished airing its seventh season on April 29 , 2018 , and has been renewed for an eighth and final season , which premiered on February 9 , 2020 . The series has received generally positive reviews , with its first two seasons gaining near universal praise . It has won several awards , including the 2011 and 2012 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series - Drama for its first two seasons , and the 2012 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Drama Series for its first season . Claire Danes has won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series twice ( from five nominations ) and Damian Lewis has won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series once ( from two nominations ) . Supporting cast members Mandy Patinkin , Morena Baccarin , Rupert Friend and F. Murray Abraham have also received Emmy acting nominations ."}]}, {'value': '2017-present', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Toks Olagundoye', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Toks_Olagundoye', 'summary': 'Olatokunbo Susan Olasobunmi Abeke Toks Olagundoye ( born 16 September 1975 ) is a Nigerian actress . She is known for her role as Hayley Shipton in Castle and Jackie Joyner-Kersee in the ABC TV sitcom The Neighbors .'}]}, {'value': 'President Kemi Talbot', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Veep', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Veep', 'summary': "Veep is an American political satire comedy television series that aired on HBO from April 22 , 2012 , to May 12 , 2019 . The series was created by Armando Iannucci as an adaptation of his sitcom The Thick of It . The protagonist of Veep is Selina Meyer ( Julia Louis-Dreyfus ) , a fictional vice president . The series follows Meyer and her team as they attempt to make their mark and leave a legacy without becoming mired in the day-to-day political games that define American politics . Veep received critical acclaim and won several major awards , including seven consecutive nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series , winning that award for its fourth , fifth , and sixth seasons . Its second , fourth , and sixth seasons won the Writers Guild of America Award for Television : Comedy Series , and its third season won the Television Critics Association Award for Outstanding Achievement in Comedy . Louis-Dreyfus ' performance won her six consecutive Primetime Emmy Awards , three Screen Actors Guild Awards , two Critics ' Choice Television Awards , a Television Critics Association Award , and five consecutive Golden Globe nominations . For his portrayal of Selina 's personal aide , Gary , Tony Hale received six consecutive Emmy nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series , winning in 2013 and 2015 . Other members of the cast who received Emmy nominations include Anna Chlumsky ( six nominations ) , Gary Cole ( one nomination ) , Matt Walsh ( two nominations ) , Martin Mull ( one nomination ) , Hugh Laurie ( one nomination ) , and Peter MacNicol ( one nomination ) ."}]}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andrea Savage', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrea_Savage', 'summary': "Andrea Kristen Savage ( born February 20 , 1973 ) is an American actress , comedian , and writer known for her roles in projects such as Step Brothers , the Comedy Central mockumentary series Dog Bites Man , the HBO comedy Veep , and Hulu 's reality TV parody series The Hotwives . She currently [ when ? ] stars in the TruTV comedy series I 'm Sorry , which she also created ."}]}, {'value': 'President Laura P. Montez', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Veep', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Veep', 'summary': "Veep is an American political satire comedy television series that aired on HBO from April 22 , 2012 , to May 12 , 2019 . The series was created by Armando Iannucci as an adaptation of his sitcom The Thick of It . The protagonist of Veep is Selina Meyer ( Julia Louis-Dreyfus ) , a fictional vice president . The series follows Meyer and her team as they attempt to make their mark and leave a legacy without becoming mired in the day-to-day political games that define American politics . Veep received critical acclaim and won several major awards , including seven consecutive nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series , winning that award for its fourth , fifth , and sixth seasons . Its second , fourth , and sixth seasons won the Writers Guild of America Award for Television : Comedy Series , and its third season won the Television Critics Association Award for Outstanding Achievement in Comedy . Louis-Dreyfus ' performance won her six consecutive Primetime Emmy Awards , three Screen Actors Guild Awards , two Critics ' Choice Television Awards , a Television Critics Association Award , and five consecutive Golden Globe nominations . For his portrayal of Selina 's personal aide , Gary , Tony Hale received six consecutive Emmy nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series , winning in 2013 and 2015 . Other members of the cast who received Emmy nominations include Anna Chlumsky ( six nominations ) , Gary Cole ( one nomination ) , Matt Walsh ( two nominations ) , Martin Mull ( one nomination ) , Hugh Laurie ( one nomination ) , and Peter MacNicol ( one nomination ) ."}]}, {'value': '2016-2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Julia Louis-Dreyfus', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Julia_Louis-Dreyfus', 'summary': "Julia Scarlett E Louis-Dreyfus Hall ( /ˈluːi ˈdraɪfəs/ ; born January 13 , 1961 ) is an American actress , comedian , producer , and singer . She is known for her work in the television comedy series Saturday Night Live ( 1982-1985 ) , Seinfeld ( 1989-1998 ) , The New Adventures of Old Christine ( 2006-2010 ) , and Veep ( 2012-2019 ) . She is one of the most awarded actresses in American television history , winning more Emmy Awards and more Screen Actors Guild Awards than any other performer ( eight of the Emmy Awards were for acting , tying Cloris Leachman for the most acting wins ) . Louis-Dreyfus broke into comedy as a performer in The Practical Theatre Company in Chicago , Illinois , which led to her casting in the sketch show Saturday Night Live from 1982 to 1985 . Her breakthrough came in 1989 with a nine-season run playing Elaine Benes on Seinfeld , one of the most critically and commercially successful sitcoms of all time . Other notable television roles include Christine Campbell in The New Adventures of Old Christine , which had a five-season run on CBS , and her role as Selina Meyer in Veep , which ran for seven seasons on HBO . Her film roles include Hannah and Her Sisters ( 1986 ) , National Lampoon 's Christmas Vacation ( 1989 ) , Deconstructing Harry ( 1997 ) , and Enough Said ( 2013 ) . She also voiced roles in the animated films A Bug 's Life ( 1998 ) , Planes ( 2013 ) and the upcoming Onward ( 2020 ) . Louis-Dreyfus has received eleven Emmy Awards , eight for acting and three for producing , with a total of 24 nominations throughout her career . She has also received a Golden Globe Award , nine Screen Actors Guild Awards , five American Comedy Awards , and two Critics ' Choice Television Awards . Louis-Dreyfus received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2010 , and was inducted into the Television Academy Hall of Fame in 2014 . In 2016 , Time named Louis-Dreyfus as one of the 100 most influential people in the world on the annual Time 100 list ."}]}, {'value': 'Former President Selina Meyer', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Selina_Meyer', 'summary': "Selina Catherine Meyer ( /ˈmaɪ.ər/ MY-ər ; née Eaton ) is a fictional character portrayed by Julia Louis-Dreyfus on the HBO television comedy series Veep . Louis-Dreyfus has been critically acclaimed for the role , earning a record-breaking six consecutive Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series awards and five Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Television Series Musical or Comedy nominations . Meyer is a former United States Senator and the Vice President of the United States following an unsuccessful run for President . During the first season , as Vice President she was powerless and disregarded by most other important officials , leading to various humiliations and indignities . During the second season she begins to amass some power and influence . In the third season , she contemplates challenging the incumbent president for their unnamed party 's nomination in light of his political weakness , but the issue is mooted when he abruptly resigns , allowing her to become the president . In the fourth season , she has assumed office but is facing strong primary and general-election challengers of her own . The general election results in a tie , setting the stage for the fifth season , as the United States House of Representatives prepares to choose the president . She ultimately loses , but spends the sixth and seventh seasons clawing her way back into the White House . The role garnered Louis-Dreyfus several milestone accolades : her fourteenth Primetime Emmy Award nomination for a role in the regular cast of a comedy series surpassed Lucille Ball as the most ever . Her Primetime Emmy Award for her third different regular cast role also was a record-setting achievement for a comedy actress . Her six consecutive Primetime Emmy Lead Actress wins set a record , as did her seven overall Primetime Emmy Lead Actress wins ."}]}, {'value': 'Veep', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Veep', 'summary': "Veep is an American political satire comedy television series that aired on HBO from April 22 , 2012 , to May 12 , 2019 . The series was created by Armando Iannucci as an adaptation of his sitcom The Thick of It . The protagonist of Veep is Selina Meyer ( Julia Louis-Dreyfus ) , a fictional vice president . The series follows Meyer and her team as they attempt to make their mark and leave a legacy without becoming mired in the day-to-day political games that define American politics . Veep received critical acclaim and won several major awards , including seven consecutive nominations for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Comedy Series , winning that award for its fourth , fifth , and sixth seasons . Its second , fourth , and sixth seasons won the Writers Guild of America Award for Television : Comedy Series , and its third season won the Television Critics Association Award for Outstanding Achievement in Comedy . Louis-Dreyfus ' performance won her six consecutive Primetime Emmy Awards , three Screen Actors Guild Awards , two Critics ' Choice Television Awards , a Television Critics Association Award , and five consecutive Golden Globe nominations . For his portrayal of Selina 's personal aide , Gary , Tony Hale received six consecutive Emmy nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series , winning in 2013 and 2015 . Other members of the cast who received Emmy nominations include Anna Chlumsky ( six nominations ) , Gary Cole ( one nomination ) , Matt Walsh ( two nominations ) , Martin Mull ( one nomination ) , Hugh Laurie ( one nomination ) , and Peter MacNicol ( one nomination ) ."}]}, {'value': '2014-2019', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sharon Stone', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sharon_Stone', 'summary': "Sharon Vonne Stone ( born March 10 , 1958 ) is an American actress , producer , and former fashion model . She is the recipient of a Primetime Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award , as well as having received nominations for an Academy Award and two Screen Actors Guild Awards . After modelling in television commercials and print advertisements , she made her film debut as an extra in Woody Allen 's comedy-drama Stardust Memories ( 1980 ) . Her first speaking part was in Wes Craven 's horror film Deadly Blessing ( 1981 ) , and throughout the 1980s , Stone went on to appear in films such as Irreconcilable Differences ( 1984 ) , King Solomon 's Mines ( 1985 ) , Cold Steel ( 1987 ) , Action Jackson ( 1988 ) , and Above the Law ( 1988 ) . She found mainstream prominence with her part in Paul Verhoeven 's science fiction action film Total Recall ( 1990 ) . Stone became a sex symbol and rose to international recognition when she starred as Catherine Tramell in another Verhoeven film , the erotic thriller Basic Instinct ( 1992 ) , for which she earned her first Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress in a Motion Picture - Drama . She received further critical acclaim with her performance in Martin Scorsese 's epic crime drama Casino ( 1995 ) , garnering the Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award nomination for Best Actress . Stone received two more Golden Globe Award nominations for her roles in The Mighty ( 1998 ) and The Muse ( 1999 ) . Her other notable film roles include Sliver ( 1993 ) , The Specialist ( 1994 ) , The Quick and the Dead ( 1995 ) , Last Dance ( 1996 ) , Sphere ( 1998 ) , Catwoman ( 2004 ) , Broken Flowers ( 2005 ) , Alpha Dog ( 2006 ) , Basic Instinct 2 ( 2006 ) , Bobby ( 2006 ) , Lovelace ( 2013 ) , Fading Gigolo ( 2013 ) , and The Disaster Artist ( 2017 ) . In 1995 , she received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , and in 2005 , she was named Officer of the Order of Arts and Letters in France . On television , Stone has had notable performances in the miniseries War and Remembrance ( 1987 ) and the HBO television film If These Walls Could Talk 2 ( 2000 ) . She made guest appearances in The Practice ( 2004 ) , winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series , and in Law & Order : Special Victims Unit ( 2010 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Acting President Natalie Maccabee', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Agent X', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Agent_X_(TV_series)', 'summary': 'Agent X is an American action drama television series which aired from November 8 to December 27 , 2015 on TNT . It stars Sharon Stone , Jeff Hephner , Jamey Sheridan , John Shea and Mike Colter . On December 15 , 2015 , TNT canceled the series after one season . The show was also broadcast on Bravo ( Canada ) days after .'}]}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Patricia Wettig', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Patricia_Wettig', 'summary': "Patricia Wettig ( born December 4 , 1951 ) is an American actress and playwright . She is best known for her role as Nancy Weston in the television series Thirtysomething ( 1987-1991 ) , for which she received a Golden Globe Award and three Primetime Emmy Awards . After her breakthrough role in Thirtysomething , Wettig has appeared in a number of films , include Guilty by Suspicion ( 1991 ) , City Slickers ( 1991 ) , City Slickers II : The Legend of Curly 's Gold ( 1994 ) , and The Langoliers ( 1995 ) . She returned to television playing a leading role in the 1995 short-lived drama Courthouse and later played Caroline Reynolds in the Fox drama Prison Break ( 2005-2007 ) and Holly Harper in the ABC family drama Brothers & Sisters ( 2006-2011 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'President Caroline Reynolds', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caroline_Reynolds', 'summary': 'This article contains a list of minor characters in the American television series Prison Break . The listed characters are those who are played by guest stars . The characters are listed alphabetically by their last name or by the name which appears in the episode credits .'}]}, {'value': 'Prison Break', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Prison_Break', 'summary': "Prison Break is an American television serial drama created by Paul Scheuring for Fox . The series revolves around two brothers , Lincoln Burrows ( Dominic Purcell ) and Michael Scofield ( Wentworth Miller ) ; Burrows has been sentenced to death for a crime he did not commit , and Scofield devises an elaborate plan to help his brother escape prison and clear his name . The series was produced by Adelstein-Parouse Productions , in association with Original Television and 20th Century Fox Television . Along with creator Paul Scheuring , the series is executive produced by Matt Olmstead , Kevin Hooks , Marty Adelstein , Dawn Parouse , Neal H. Moritz , and Brett Ratner who directed the pilot episode . The series ' theme music , composed by Ramin Djawadi , was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award in 2006 . Prison Break is a joint production between Original Film , Adelstein/Parouse Productions , and 20th Century Fox Television and syndicated by 20th Television . The series was originally turned down by Fox in 2003 , which was concerned about the long-term prospects of such a series . Following the popularity of serialized prime time television series Lost and 24 , Fox decided to back production in 2004 . The first season received generally positive reviews , and performed well in the ratings . The first season was originally planned for a 13-episode run , but was extended to include an extra nine episodes due to its popularity . Prison Break was nominated for several industry awards , including the 2005 Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series Drama and the 2006 People 's Choice Award for Favorite New TV Drama , which it won . In the United States , all five seasons have been released on DVD and released on Blu-ray internationally ."}]}, {'value': '2006', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alfre Woodard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alfre_Woodard', 'summary': 'Alfre Woodard ( /ˈælfri ˈwʊdərd/ ; born November 8 , 1952 ) is an American actress , producer , and political activist . She has been named one of the most versatile and accomplished actors of her generation . She has been nominated once for an Academy Award and Grammy Award and 18 times for an Emmy Award ( winning four ) and has also won a Golden Globe Award and three Screen Actors Guild Awards . Woodard began her acting career in theater . After her breakthrough role in the Off-Broadway play For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide When the Rainbow Is Enuf ( 1977 ) , she made her film debut in Remember My Name ( 1978 ) . In 1983 , she won major critical praise and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role in Cross Creek . In the same year , Woodard won her first Primetime Emmy Award for her performance in the NBC drama series Hill Street Blues . Later in the 1980s , Woodard had leading Emmy Award-nominated performances in a number of made for television movies , and another Emmy-winning role as a woman dying of leukemia in the pilot episode of L.A. Law . She also starred as Dr. Roxanne Turner in the NBC medical drama St . Elsewhere , for which she was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 1986 , and for Guest Actress in 1988 . In the 1990s , Woodard starred in films such as Grand Canyon ( 1991 ) , Heart and Souls ( 1993 ) , Crooklyn ( 1994 ) , How to Make an American Quilt ( 1995 ) , Primal Fear ( 1996 ) and Star Trek : First Contact ( 1996 ) . She also drew critical praise for her performances in the independent dramas Passion Fish ( 1992 ) , for which she won an Independent Spirit Award and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress , as well as Down in the Delta ( 1998 ) .'}]}, {'value': 'President Constance Payton', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'State of Affairs', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/State_of_Affairs_(TV_series)', 'summary': "State of Affairs is an American espionage thriller series created by Alexi Hawley , which premiered on NBC on November 17 , 2014 , during the 2014-15 American television season . The series stars Katherine Heigl as CIA analyst Charleston Tucker , who is tasked with assembling and presenting the President 's Daily Briefing on the most vital security issues facing the country , and Alfre Woodard as the first black woman to be elected President of the United States , Constance Payton . After one season , NBC canceled State of Affairs ."}]}, {'value': '2014-2015', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Robin Wright', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Robin_Wright', 'summary': 'Robin Gayle Wright ( born April 8 , 1966 ) is an American actress and director . She is the recipient of eight Primetime Emmy Award nominations and has earned a Golden Globe Award and a Satellite Award for her work in television . Wright first gained attention for her role in the NBC Daytime soap opera Santa Barbara , as Kelly Capwell from 1984 to 1988 . She then made the transition to film , starring in the romantic comedy fantasy adventure film The Princess Bride ( 1987 ) . This role led Wright to further success in the film industry , with starring roles in films such as Forrest Gump ( 1994 ) , the romantic drama Message in a Bottle ( 1999 ) , the superhero drama-thriller Unbreakable ( 2000 ) , the historical drama The Conspirator ( 2010 ) , the biographical sports drama Moneyball ( 2011 ) , the mystery thriller The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( 2011 ) , the biographical drama Everest ( 2015 ) , the superhero film Wonder Woman ( 2017 ) , and the neo-noir science fiction film Blade Runner 2049 ( 2017 ) . Wright starred as Claire Underwood in the Netflix political drama web television series House of Cards , for which she won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Television Series Drama in 2013 , making her the first actress to win a Golden Globe for a web television series . Wright has also received six Primetime Emmy Award nominations in the Outstanding Lead Actress category for House of Cards ( one for each season ) , and two nominations in the Outstanding Drama Series category in 2016 and 2017 as a producer on the show . Wright is also one of the highest paid actresses in the United States , earning US $ 420,000 per episode for her role in House of Cards in 2016 .'}]}, {'value': 'President Claire Underwood', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Claire_Underwood', 'summary': "Claire Underwood ( née Hale ) is a fictional character in House of Cards , played by Robin Wright . She is the wife of the show 's protagonist Frank Underwood ( Kevin Spacey ) . She is a lobbyist and runs an environmental nonprofit organization , but in later seasons ascends to the positions of Second Lady of the United States , First Lady of the United States , the United States Ambassador to the United Nations , Vice President of the United States , and finally the 47th President of the United States . Underwood made her first appearance in the series ' pilot episode , Chapter 1 . The character is based on Elizabeth Urquhart , a character from the eponymous British miniseries from which the current series is derived . Unlike the original character , however , Claire has her own storylines . The role has been critically acclaimed . Wright won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Television Series Drama for this role at the 71st Golden Globe Awards , becoming the first actress to win a Golden Globe Award for a web television online-only role in a series . She was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series for this role at the 65th , 66th , 67th , 68th , 69th and 71st Primetime Emmy Awards . In November 2017 , Netflix fired Spacey from the series after a number of people accused him of sexual misconduct . The Frank Underwood character was written out of the show as having died , and Claire became the main character of the show 's sixth and final season ."}]}, {'value': 'House of Cards ( Netflix )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/House_of_Cards_(U.S._TV_series)', 'summary': "House of Cards is an American political thriller web television series created by Beau Willimon . It is an adaptation of the 1990 BBC miniseries of the same title and based on the novel of the same title by Michael Dobbs . The first 13-episode season was released on February 1 , 2013 , on the streaming service Netflix . House of Cards is set in Washington , D.C. and is the story of Congressman Frank Underwood ( Kevin Spacey ) , a Democrat from South Carolina 's 5th congressional district and House Majority Whip , and his equally ambitious wife Claire Underwood ( Robin Wright ) . Frank is passed over for appointment as Secretary of State , so he initiates an elaborate plan to attain power , aided by Claire . The series deals with themes of ruthless pragmatism , manipulation , betrayal , and power . House of Cards received positive reviews and several award nominations , including 33 Primetime Emmy Award nominations , including for Outstanding Drama Series , Outstanding Lead Actor for Spacey , and Outstanding Lead Actress for Wright . It is the first original online-only web television series to receive major Emmy nominations . The show also earned eight Golden Globe Award nominations , with Wright winning for Best Actress - Television Series Drama in 2014 and Spacey winning for Best Actor - Television Series Drama in 2015 . In 2017 , following sexual misconduct allegations against Spacey , Netflix announced that Spacey would be removed from the show . The sixth and final season was produced and released in 2018 without Spacey 's involvement ; in the narrative , his character Frank Underwood was killed off between seasons ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Netflix', 'summary': "Netflix , Inc. ( /ˈnɛtflɪks/ ) is an American media-services provider and production company headquartered in Los Gatos , California , founded in 1997 by Reed Hastings and Marc Randolph in Scotts Valley , California . The company 's primary business is its subscription-based streaming service which offers online streaming of a library of films and television programs , including those produced in-house . As of April 2019 , Netflix had over 148 million paid subscriptions worldwide , including 60 million in the United States , and over 154 million subscriptions total including free trials.Although Netflix has decided to end its free one-month trial offer for maximum countries on February 2020 . It is available worldwide except in mainland China ( due to local restrictions ) , Syria , North Korea , and Crimea ( due to U.S. sanctions ) . The company also has offices in the Netherlands , Brazil , India , Japan , and South Korea . Netflix is a member of the Motion Picture Association ( MPA ) . Netflix 's initial business model included DVD sales and rental by mail , but Hastings abandoned the sales about a year after the company 's founding to focus on the initial DVD rental business . Netflix expanded its business in 2010 with the introduction of streaming media while retaining the DVD and Blu-ray rental business . The company expanded internationally in 2010 with streaming available in Canada , followed by Latin America and the Caribbean . Netflix entered the content-production industry in 2012 , debuting its first series Lilyhammer . Since 2012 , Netflix has taken more of an active role as producer and distributor for both film and television series , and to that end , it offers a variety of Netflix Original content through its online library . By January 2016 , Netflix services operated in more than 190 countries ."}]}, {'value': '2017-2018', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Actresses who played fictional presidents -- Television', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_actors_who_played_President_of_the_United_States_11', 'intro': 'This is a partial list of actors and actresses who have played the role of a real or fictitious President of the United States in films or television.'}
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What was the premiere date of the show in which Melissa Altro played Mary Alice Crosswire in 2000 ?
October 7 , 1996
04e49c292295d519
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1965_College_Baseball_All-America_Team', 'title': '1965 College Baseball All-America Team', 'header': ['Position', 'Name', 'School'], 'data': [{'value': 'Pitcher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pitcher', 'summary': "In baseball , the pitcher is the player who throws the baseball from the pitcher 's mound toward the catcher to begin each play , with the goal of retiring a batter , who attempts to either make contact with the pitched ball or draw a walk . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the pitcher is assigned the number 1 . The pitcher is often considered the most important player on the defensive side of the game , and as such is situated at the right end of the defensive spectrum . There are many different types of pitchers , such as the starting pitcher , relief pitcher , middle reliever , lefty specialist , setup man , and the closer . Traditionally , the pitcher also bats . Starting in 1973 with the American League and spreading to further leagues throughout the 1980s and 1990s , the hitting duties of the pitcher have generally been given over to the position of designated hitter , a cause of some controversy . The National League in Major League Baseball and the Japanese Central League are among the remaining leagues that have not adopted the designated hitter position ."}]}, {'value': 'Steve Arlin ♦', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Steve_Arlin', 'summary': 'Steven Ralph Arlin ( September 25 , 1945 - August 17 , 2016 ) was an American pitcher in Major League Baseball who played for the San Diego Padres and Cleveland Indians for six seasons .'}]}, {'value': 'Ohio State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ohio_State_Buckeyes_baseball', 'summary': "The Ohio State Buckeyes baseball team is the college baseball team of The Ohio State University . The program , founded in 1881 , was the first athletic team in Ohio State history . Bill Davis Stadium in Columbus , Ohio has been the home field of the program since 1997 . The team won a National Title in 1966 , and also 14 Big Ten Titles throughout the team 's history . It is currently coached by Greg Beals . Ohio State has produced many professional baseball players , such as major leaguers Steve Arlin , Frank Howard , Nick Swisher , Barry Bonnell , Dave Burba , and Fred Taylor ."}]}, {'value': 'Pitcher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pitcher', 'summary': "In baseball , the pitcher is the player who throws the baseball from the pitcher 's mound toward the catcher to begin each play , with the goal of retiring a batter , who attempts to either make contact with the pitched ball or draw a walk . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the pitcher is assigned the number 1 . The pitcher is often considered the most important player on the defensive side of the game , and as such is situated at the right end of the defensive spectrum . There are many different types of pitchers , such as the starting pitcher , relief pitcher , middle reliever , lefty specialist , setup man , and the closer . Traditionally , the pitcher also bats . Starting in 1973 with the American League and spreading to further leagues throughout the 1980s and 1990s , the hitting duties of the pitcher have generally been given over to the position of designated hitter , a cause of some controversy . The National League in Major League Baseball and the Japanese Central League are among the remaining leagues that have not adopted the designated hitter position ."}]}, {'value': 'John Marcum Jr', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Saint Louis', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Catcher', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Catcher', 'summary': "Catcher is a position for a baseball or softball player . When a batter takes his/her turn to hit , the catcher crouches behind home plate , in front of the ( home ) umpire , and receives the ball from the pitcher . In addition to this primary duty , the catcher is also called upon to master many other skills in order to field the position well . The role of the catcher is similar to that of the wicket-keeper in cricket , but in cricket , wicketkeepers are increasingly known for their batting abilities . Positioned behind home plate , the catcher can see the whole field , and is therefore in the best position to direct and lead the other players in a defensive play . The catcher typically calls for pitches using hand signals . The calls are based on the pitcher 's mechanics and strengths , as well as the batter 's tendencies and weaknesses . Foul tips , bouncing balls in the dirt , and contact with runners during plays at the plate are all events to be handled by the catcher , necessitating the use of protective equipment . This includes a mask , chest and throat protectors , shin guards , and a heavily padded catcher 's mitt . Because the position requires a comprehensive understanding of the game 's strategies , the pool of former catchers yields a disproportionate number of managers in both Major League Baseball and Minor League Baseball , including such prominent examples as Connie Mack , Steve O'Neill , Al López , Mike Scioscia , and Joe Torre . The physical and mental demands of being involved on every defensive play can wear catchers down over a long season , and can have a negative effect on their offensive output . Because of the strategic defensive importance of catching , if a catcher has exceptional defensive skills , teams are often willing to overlook their relative offensive weaknesses ."}]}, {'value': 'John E. Olerud', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Washington State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Washington_State_Cougars_baseball', 'summary': "The Washington State Cougars baseball team is the varsity intercollegiate baseball team of Washington State University , located in Pullman , Washington . The Cougars ' home venue is Bailey-Brayton Field , first opened 40 years ago for the 1980 season and located on the university 's campus . The program has been a baseball member of the Pac-12 Conference in NCAA Division I since the start of the 1960 season , following the dissolution of the Pacific Coast Conference . Through 2014 , the Cougars have appeared in four College World Series and 16 NCAA Tournaments . In conference postseason play , WSU has won one Northwest Conference Tournament , one Pacific Coast Conference Northern Division Tournament , one Pacific-8 Conference North Division Tournament , and four Pacific-10 Conference Northern Division Tournaments . In regular season play , the program has won five Northwest Conference Championships , 12 Pacific Coast Conference Northern Division titles , four AAWU Championships , nine Pac-8 North Division titles , and 11 Pac-10 North Division titles . As of the start of the 2013 Major League Baseball season , 32 former Cougars have appeared in Major League Baseball ."}]}, {'value': 'First baseman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_baseman', 'summary': "First base , or 1B , is the first of four stations on a baseball diamond which must be touched in succession by a baserunner to score a run for that player 's team . A first baseman is the player on the team playing defense who fields the area nearest first base , and is responsible for the majority of plays made at that base . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the first baseman is assigned the number 3 . Also called first sacker or cornerman , the first baseman is ideally a tall player who throws left-handed and possesses good flexibility and quick reflexes . Flexibility is needed because the first baseman receives throws from the other infielders , the catcher and the pitcher after they have fielded ground balls . In order for the runner to be called out , the first baseman must be able to stretch towards the throw and catch it before the runner reaches first base . First base is often referred to as the other hot corner - the hot corner being third base - and therefore , like the third baseman , he must have quick reflexes to field the hardest hit balls down the foul line , mainly by left-handed pull hitters and right-handed hitters hitting to the opposite field . They often are power hitters who have a substantial number of home runs and extra base hits while maintaining a .270 plus batting average . [ citation needed ]"}]}, {'value': 'Pete Middlekauff', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Stanford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Stanford_Cardinal_baseball', 'summary': 'The Stanford Cardinal baseball team represents Stanford University in NCAA Division I college baseball . Along with most other Stanford athletic teams , the baseball team participates in the Pac-12 Conference . The Cardinal play their home games on campus at Klein Field at Sunken Diamond , and they are currently coached by David Esquer .'}]}, {'value': 'Second baseman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Second_baseman', 'summary': 'In baseball and softball , second baseman is a fielding position in the infield , between second and first base . The second baseman often possesses quick hands and feet , needs the ability to get rid of the ball quickly , and must be able to make the pivot on a double play . In addition , second basemen are usually right-handed ; only four left-handed throwing players have ever played second base in Major League Baseball since 1950 . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the second baseman is assigned the number 4 . Good second basemen need to have very good range since they have to field balls closer to the first baseman who is often holding runners on , or moving towards the base to cover . On a batted ball to right field , the second baseman goes out towards the ball for the relay . Due to these requirements , second base is sometimes a primarily defensive position in the modern game , but there are hitting stars as well .'}]}, {'value': 'Luis Lagunas', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arizona State Sun Devils', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona_State_Sun_Devils_baseball', 'summary': "The Arizona State Sun Devils baseball program at the Arizona State University ( ASU ) is part of the Pac-12 Conference . Since it became a member of the Pac-12 , it had the highest winning percentage , at .681 , of all schools that participate in Division I baseball within the conference . ASU 's NCAA leading 54 consecutive 30 win seasons was the longest streak in the nation . The Sun Devils ' only losing seasons occurred in 1963 , 2017 , & 2018 The Sun Devils had been nationally ranked during at least a part of every season of their 58-year history until 2017 . The Sun Devils have finished 27 times in the Top 10 , 22 times in the Top 5 , and 5 times as the No . 1 team in the nation . ASU is one of the most successful college baseball programs in the country . The Sun Devils have won five national championships , the fourth-most by any school , and are 1st in total number of alumni to ever play in Major League Baseball . Notable Sun Devil baseball alumni include Barry Bonds , Reggie Jackson , Sal Bando , Dustin Pedroia , Andre Ethier , Bob Horner , Paul Lo Duca , and Rick Monday ."}]}, {'value': 'Third baseman', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Third_baseman', 'summary': "A third baseman , abbreviated 3B , is the player in baseball whose responsibility is to defend the area nearest to third base - the third of four bases a baserunner must touch in succession to score a run . In the scoring system used to record defensive plays , the third baseman is assigned the number ' 5 ' . The third baseman requires good reflexes in reacting to batted balls , as he is often the closest infielder ( roughly 90-120 feet ) to the batter . The third base position requires a strong and accurate arm , as the third baseman often makes long throws to first base . The third baseman sometimes must throw quickly to second base in time to start a double play . The third baseman must also field fly balls in fair and foul territory . Third base is known as the hot corner , because the third baseman is relatively close to the batter and most right-handed hitters tend to hit the ball hard in this direction . A third baseman must possess good hand-eye coordination and quick reactions in order to catch hard line drives sometimes in excess of 125 miles per hour ( 201 km/h ) . Third basemen often must begin in a position even closer to the batter if a bunt is expected , creating a hazard if the ball is instead hit sharply . As with middle infielders , right-handed throwing players are standard at the position because they do not need to turn their body before throwing across the infield to first base . Mike Squires , who played fourteen games at third base in 1982 and 1983 , is a very rare example of a third baseman who threw lefty . Some third basemen have been converted from middle infielders or outfielders because the position does not require them to run as fast ."}]}, {'value': 'Mike McClure', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Texas A & M', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_A&M_Aggies_baseball', 'summary': 'The Texas A & M Aggie baseball team represents Texas A & M University in NCAA Division I college baseball . The Aggies have competed in the Southeastern Conference since 2013 . The Aggies play home games at Olsen Field at Blue Bell Park . The team is led by head coach Rob Childress .'}]}, {'value': 'Shortstop', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Shortstop', 'summary': 'Shortstop , abbreviated SS , is the baseball or softball fielding position between second and third base , which is considered to be among the most demanding defensive positions . Historically the position was assigned to defensive specialists who were typically poor at batting and were often placed at the bottom of the batting order . Today shortstops are often able to hit well and many are placed at the top of the lineup . In the numbering system used by scorers to record defensive plays , the shortstop is assigned the number 6 . More hit balls go to the shortstop than to any other position , as there are more right-handed hitters in baseball than left-handed hitters , and most hitters have a tendency to pull the ball slightly . Like a second baseman , a shortstop must be agile , for example when performing a 4-6-3 double play . Also , like a third baseman , the shortstop fields balls hit to the left side of the infield , where a strong arm is needed to throw out a batter-runner before they reach the safety of first base .'}]}, {'value': 'Archie Roberts', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Columbia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Columbia_Lions_baseball', 'summary': "The Columbia Lions baseball team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of Columbia University in New York City . The team is a member of the Ivy League , which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I. Columbia 's first baseball team was fielded in 1868 . The team plays its home games at Robertson Field at Satow Stadium in New York City . The Lions are coached by Brett Boretti ."}]}, {'value': 'Outfielder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Outfielder', 'summary': 'An outfielder is a person playing in one of the three defensive positions in baseball or softball , farthest from the batter . These defenders are the left fielder , the center fielder , and the right fielder . As an outfielder , their duty is to catch fly balls and/ ground balls then to return them to the infield for the out or before the runner advances , if there is any runners on the bases . As an outfielder , they normally play behind the six players located in the field . By convention , each of the nine defensive positions in baseball is numbered . The outfield positions are 7 ( left field ) , 8 ( center field ) and 9 ( right field ) . These numbers are shorthand designations useful in baseball scorekeeping and are not necessarily the same as the squad numbers worn on player uniforms . Outfielders named to the MLB All-Century Team are Hank Aaron , Ty Cobb , Joe DiMaggio , Mickey Mantle , Willie Mays , Stan Musial , Pete Rose , Babe Ruth , Ted Williams and Ken Griffey Jr .'}]}, {'value': 'Bill Guerrant', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Western Michigan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Western_Michigan_Broncos', 'summary': "The Western Michigan Broncos are a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) team representing Western Michigan University ( WMU ) . They compete in the Mid-American Conference in men 's baseball , basketball , football , soccer and tennis ; and women 's basketball , cross-country , golf , gymnastics , soccer , softball , track and field , and volleyball . The men 's ice hockey team competes in the National Collegiate Hockey Conference . The Broncos also have a flight team , the SkyBroncos , who have won the National Intercollegiate Flying Association ( NIFA ) National Championship award five times . The Broncos have won two NCAA national championships . The men 's cross country team won the NCAA title in 1964 and 1965 . WMU finished as national runners up in 1955 for baseball and 1958 for men 's cross country . The facilities include Waldo Stadium ( football ) , University Arena ( men 's and women 's basketball , volleyball ) , Lawson Arena ( hockey ) , Hyames Field ( baseball ) , Ebert Field ( softball ) , Sorensen Courts/West Hills Athletic Club ( men 's and women 's tennis ) , and Kanley Track ( women 's track and field ) . The soccer teams compete at the WMU Soccer Complex located near the Parkview Campus . The school 's primary rival is Central Michigan University ."}]}, {'value': 'Outfielder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Outfielder', 'summary': 'An outfielder is a person playing in one of the three defensive positions in baseball or softball , farthest from the batter . These defenders are the left fielder , the center fielder , and the right fielder . As an outfielder , their duty is to catch fly balls and/ ground balls then to return them to the infield for the out or before the runner advances , if there is any runners on the bases . As an outfielder , they normally play behind the six players located in the field . By convention , each of the nine defensive positions in baseball is numbered . The outfield positions are 7 ( left field ) , 8 ( center field ) and 9 ( right field ) . These numbers are shorthand designations useful in baseball scorekeeping and are not necessarily the same as the squad numbers worn on player uniforms . Outfielders named to the MLB All-Century Team are Hank Aaron , Ty Cobb , Joe DiMaggio , Mickey Mantle , Willie Mays , Stan Musial , Pete Rose , Babe Ruth , Ted Williams and Ken Griffey Jr .'}]}, {'value': 'Billy Wolff', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Cincinnati', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Cincinnati_Bearcats', 'summary': 'The Cincinnati Bearcats are the athletic teams that represent the University of Cincinnati . The teams are members of the American Athletic Conference ( The American ) , which from 1979 to 2013 was known as the Big East Conference . Cincinnati and Wichita State University are currently the only members of The American that are located in the Midwestern United States ; all other members are in the Northeast or South . The Bearcats were previously members of Conference USA , where they were a founding member . The creation of Conference USA was the result of a merger between the Great Midwest Conference ( of which Cincinnati was a member ) and the Metro Conference ( whom Cincinnati had previously been a member ) in 1995 . Other collegiate athletic conferences which the school has belonged to includes the Missouri Valley Conference , 1957-1969 ; the Mid-American Conference , 1947-1952 ; the Buckeye Athletic Association , 1925-1935 , and the Ohio Athletic Conference , 1910-1924 .'}]}, {'value': 'Outfielder', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Outfielder', 'summary': 'An outfielder is a person playing in one of the three defensive positions in baseball or softball , farthest from the batter . These defenders are the left fielder , the center fielder , and the right fielder . As an outfielder , their duty is to catch fly balls and/ ground balls then to return them to the infield for the out or before the runner advances , if there is any runners on the bases . As an outfielder , they normally play behind the six players located in the field . By convention , each of the nine defensive positions in baseball is numbered . The outfield positions are 7 ( left field ) , 8 ( center field ) and 9 ( right field ) . These numbers are shorthand designations useful in baseball scorekeeping and are not necessarily the same as the squad numbers worn on player uniforms . Outfielders named to the MLB All-Century Team are Hank Aaron , Ty Cobb , Joe DiMaggio , Mickey Mantle , Willie Mays , Stan Musial , Pete Rose , Babe Ruth , Ted Williams and Ken Griffey Jr .'}]}, {'value': 'Rick Monday', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Rick_Monday', 'summary': 'Robert James Rick Monday Jr. ( born November 20 , 1945 in Batesville , Arkansas ) is a former Major League Baseball ( MLB ) center fielder and is currently a broadcast announcer . Monday is best remembered for saving the American flag from being burned in Dodger Stadium during the American Bicentennial and for hitting the game-winning home run in the ninth inning of the decisive game of the 1981 National League Championship Series at Olympic Stadium in Montreal . Also notable is that he was the first player picked in the inaugural 1965 Major League Baseball draft . Monday played 19 seasons for the Kansas City/Oakland Athletics ( 1966-71 ) , Chicago Cubs ( 1972-76 ) and Los Angeles Dodgers ( 1977-84 ) . He compiled a lifetime .264 batting average , 1,619 hits , 241 home runs , and 775 RBI . He was selected an All-Star in 1968 and 1978 . He batted and threw left-handed .'}]}, {'value': 'Arizona State', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona_State_Sun_Devils_baseball', 'summary': "The Arizona State Sun Devils baseball program at the Arizona State University ( ASU ) is part of the Pac-12 Conference . Since it became a member of the Pac-12 , it had the highest winning percentage , at .681 , of all schools that participate in Division I baseball within the conference . ASU 's NCAA leading 54 consecutive 30 win seasons was the longest streak in the nation . The Sun Devils ' only losing seasons occurred in 1963 , 2017 , & 2018 The Sun Devils had been nationally ranked during at least a part of every season of their 58-year history until 2017 . The Sun Devils have finished 27 times in the Top 10 , 22 times in the Top 5 , and 5 times as the No . 1 team in the nation . ASU is one of the most successful college baseball programs in the country . The Sun Devils have won five national championships , the fourth-most by any school , and are 1st in total number of alumni to ever play in Major League Baseball . Notable Sun Devil baseball alumni include Barry Bonds , Reggie Jackson , Sal Bando , Dustin Pedroia , Andre Ethier , Bob Horner , Paul Lo Duca , and Rick Monday ."}]}], 'section_title': 'All-Americans', 'section_text': '', 'uid': '1965_College_Baseball_All-America_Team_0', 'intro': 'An All-American team is an honorary sports team composed of the best amateur players of a specific season for each team position - who in turn are given the honorific All-America and typically referred to as All-American athletes, or simply All-Americans. Although the honorees generally do not compete together as a unit, the term is used in U.S. team sports to refer to players who are selected by members of the national media. Walter Camp selected the first All-America team in the early days of American football in 1889. From 1947 to 1980, the American Baseball Coaches Association was the only All-American selector recognized by the NCAA.'}
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What is the position of the player whose school have competed in the Southeastern Conference since 2013 ?
Third Basemen
04e4a7a1a994fe3f
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby_World_Cup_qualification', 'title': 'Rugby World Cup qualification', 'header': ['Tournament', 'Automatically qualified', 'Qualified via competition', 'Eliminated in repechage'], 'data': [{'value': '1987', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1987_Rugby_World_Cup', 'summary': 'The 1987 Rugby World Cup was the first Rugby World Cup . New Zealand and Australia agreed to co-host the tournament . New Zealand hosted 20 matches - 17 pool stage matches , two quarter-finals and the final - while Australia hosted 12 matches - seven pool matches , two quarter-finals and both semi-finals . The event was won by co-hosts New Zealand , who were the strong favourites and won all their matches comfortably . France were losing finalists , and Wales surprise third-place winners : Australia , having been second favourites , finished fourth after conceding crucial tries in the dying seconds of both the semi-final against France and the third-place play-off against Wales . Sixteen teams competed in the inaugural tournament . Seven of the 16 places were automatically filled by the International Rugby Football Board ( IRFB ) members - New Zealand , Australia , England , Scotland , Ireland , Wales and France . South Africa was unable to compete because of the international sporting boycott due to apartheid . There was no qualification process to fill the remaining nine spots . Instead invitations were sent out to Argentina , Fiji , Italy , Canada , Romania , Tonga , Japan , Zimbabwe and the United States . This left Western Samoa controversially excluded , despite their better playing standard than some of the teams invited . The USSR were to be invited but they declined the invitation on political grounds , allegedly due to the continued IRFB membership of South Africa .'}]}, {'value': 'Canada Argentina United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': 'The Canada national rugby union team ( French : Équipe du Canada de rugby à XV ) is governed by Rugby Canada , and play in red and white . Canada is classified by World Rugby as a tier two rugby nation . There are ten tier one nations , and thirteen tier two nations . Canada competes in competitions such as the Americas Rugby Championship and the Rugby World Cup . Canada has been playing international rugby since their 1932 debut against Japan . Canada have competed at every World Cup since the tournament was first staged in 1987 , the only North American team to do so . Canada achieved their best result at the World Cup in 1991 , where they reached the quarterfinals . Canada was once the dominant power of North American rugby and was the second best team in the Americas ; Canada currently ranks fourth in the region after Argentina , the US and Uruguay . The team has achieved victories over Six Nations teams such as France , Wales , Italy , and Scotland on at least one occasion in past years , mostly during the amateur era . Canada is currently ranked 22nd in the World Rugby Rankings .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Argentina_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': "The Argentina national rugby team is organised by the Argentine Rugby Union ( UAR , from the Spanish : Unión Argentina de Rugby ) . Nicknamed the Pumas ( Los Pumas in Spanish ) , they play in sky blue and white jerseys , Argentina played its first international rugby match in 1910 against a touring British Isles team . As of 23 September 2019 they are ranked 11th in the world by the IRB , making them the highest-ranked nation in the Americas . They have competed at every Rugby World Cup staged since the first tournament of 1987 , and the country are considered the strongest within the Americas , being undefeated against all but Canada , against whom they have suffered three losses . Although rugby union in Argentina is not as popular as association football , the Pumas ' impressive results since the 1999 World Cup have seen the sport 's popularity grow significantly . Argentina has achieved several upset victories , are tough contenders when playing in Buenos Aires , and are capable of regularly defeating Six Nations sides . A surprise victory over the hosts France in the first game of the 2007 World Cup took Argentina to fourth in the IRB World Rankings . The team were undefeated in their pool , and reached the semi-finals for the first time , beating Scotland 19-13 in their quarter-final . They were defeated 37-13 by eventual winners South Africa in the semi-finals , but followed this up with a second win over France to claim third place overall . By the end of the competition , the team had reached an all-time high of third in the World Rankings . After their advances in competitiveness and performance during the 2000s , coupled with their location in the Southern Hemisphere , Argentina was the only tier 1 nation that had no regular competition , and some , among them former Pumas captain Agustín Pichot , had even spoken of them joining the Six Nations . Argentina officially joined The Rugby Championship in a meeting in Buenos Aires on 23 November 2011 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': "The United States men 's national rugby union team , nicknamed the Eagles , is controlled by USA Rugby . USA Rugby is a member of Rugby Americas North , one of six regional governing bodies under World Rugby . Until rugby returned to Olympic competition , with sevens at the 2016 Rio Games , the United States was the reigning Olympic rugby champion , having defeated the one other competitor in 1920 and the two other competitors at the 1924 Summer Olympics . As of October 2019 [ update ] , the men 's Eagles are ranked 17th in the world by the World Rugby Rankings . Their previous highest ranking , achieved ahead of the 2019 World Cup , was 13th ; their lowest ranking was 20th , following a winless campaign in the 2008 Churchill Cup . The highest profile tournament in which the men 's Eagles play is the Rugby World Cup . The men 's Eagles have played in all but one Rugby World Cup since the tournament began in 1987 . The United States has expressed interest in hosting the 2027 Rugby World Cup . The United States competed in the Pacific Nations Cup every Summer from 2013 to 2015 . Previously , the U.S. has competed in the now-defunct Churchill Cup and the Pan American Championship . In April 2015 , USA Rugby announced the creation of a new , annual International Championship to be contested among the top-6 ranked rugby nations in the Americas : Argentina , Brazil , Canada , Chile , Uruguay and the United States . The contest was named the Americas Rugby Championship and began in 2016 ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1991', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1991_Rugby_World_Cup_–_Americas_qualification', 'summary': 'Three nations from the Americas competed in qualifying matches for the 1991 Rugby World Cup . Because the Americas region had three places at the 1991 Rugby World Cup , all three participating counties from the Americas - Argentina , Canada and the United States - qualified for the finals tournament , with the qualifying tournament deciding to which pool each team would be allocated at the finals .'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Canada Argentina United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': 'The Canada national rugby union team ( French : Équipe du Canada de rugby à XV ) is governed by Rugby Canada , and play in red and white . Canada is classified by World Rugby as a tier two rugby nation . There are ten tier one nations , and thirteen tier two nations . Canada competes in competitions such as the Americas Rugby Championship and the Rugby World Cup . Canada has been playing international rugby since their 1932 debut against Japan . Canada have competed at every World Cup since the tournament was first staged in 1987 , the only North American team to do so . Canada achieved their best result at the World Cup in 1991 , where they reached the quarterfinals . Canada was once the dominant power of North American rugby and was the second best team in the Americas ; Canada currently ranks fourth in the region after Argentina , the US and Uruguay . The team has achieved victories over Six Nations teams such as France , Wales , Italy , and Scotland on at least one occasion in past years , mostly during the amateur era . Canada is currently ranked 22nd in the World Rugby Rankings .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Argentina_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': "The Argentina national rugby team is organised by the Argentine Rugby Union ( UAR , from the Spanish : Unión Argentina de Rugby ) . Nicknamed the Pumas ( Los Pumas in Spanish ) , they play in sky blue and white jerseys , Argentina played its first international rugby match in 1910 against a touring British Isles team . As of 23 September 2019 they are ranked 11th in the world by the IRB , making them the highest-ranked nation in the Americas . They have competed at every Rugby World Cup staged since the first tournament of 1987 , and the country are considered the strongest within the Americas , being undefeated against all but Canada , against whom they have suffered three losses . Although rugby union in Argentina is not as popular as association football , the Pumas ' impressive results since the 1999 World Cup have seen the sport 's popularity grow significantly . Argentina has achieved several upset victories , are tough contenders when playing in Buenos Aires , and are capable of regularly defeating Six Nations sides . A surprise victory over the hosts France in the first game of the 2007 World Cup took Argentina to fourth in the IRB World Rankings . The team were undefeated in their pool , and reached the semi-finals for the first time , beating Scotland 19-13 in their quarter-final . They were defeated 37-13 by eventual winners South Africa in the semi-finals , but followed this up with a second win over France to claim third place overall . By the end of the competition , the team had reached an all-time high of third in the World Rankings . After their advances in competitiveness and performance during the 2000s , coupled with their location in the Southern Hemisphere , Argentina was the only tier 1 nation that had no regular competition , and some , among them former Pumas captain Agustín Pichot , had even spoken of them joining the Six Nations . Argentina officially joined The Rugby Championship in a meeting in Buenos Aires on 23 November 2011 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': "The United States men 's national rugby union team , nicknamed the Eagles , is controlled by USA Rugby . USA Rugby is a member of Rugby Americas North , one of six regional governing bodies under World Rugby . Until rugby returned to Olympic competition , with sevens at the 2016 Rio Games , the United States was the reigning Olympic rugby champion , having defeated the one other competitor in 1920 and the two other competitors at the 1924 Summer Olympics . As of October 2019 [ update ] , the men 's Eagles are ranked 17th in the world by the World Rugby Rankings . Their previous highest ranking , achieved ahead of the 2019 World Cup , was 13th ; their lowest ranking was 20th , following a winless campaign in the 2008 Churchill Cup . The highest profile tournament in which the men 's Eagles play is the Rugby World Cup . The men 's Eagles have played in all but one Rugby World Cup since the tournament began in 1987 . The United States has expressed interest in hosting the 2027 Rugby World Cup . The United States competed in the Pacific Nations Cup every Summer from 2013 to 2015 . Previously , the U.S. has competed in the now-defunct Churchill Cup and the Pan American Championship . In April 2015 , USA Rugby announced the creation of a new , annual International Championship to be contested among the top-6 ranked rugby nations in the Americas : Argentina , Brazil , Canada , Chile , Uruguay and the United States . The contest was named the Americas Rugby Championship and began in 2016 ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1995', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1995_Rugby_World_Cup_–_Americas_qualification', 'summary': 'For the 1995 Rugby World Cup in South Africa , the Americas were allocated one direct qualifying place ( Americas 1 ) in addition to the automatic qualification of Canada which was granted a place due to reaching the quarter-final stages of the 1991 tournament . The regional bodies , CONSUR representing South America and NAWIRA representing North America , conducted their own qualification matches in the first round determine their respective top teams . A home and away play-off between those two teams then decided the World Cup qualification place . Argentina won both matches over the United States to secure qualification for the 1995 tournament .'}]}, {'value': 'Canada', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': 'The Canada national rugby union team ( French : Équipe du Canada de rugby à XV ) is governed by Rugby Canada , and play in red and white . Canada is classified by World Rugby as a tier two rugby nation . There are ten tier one nations , and thirteen tier two nations . Canada competes in competitions such as the Americas Rugby Championship and the Rugby World Cup . Canada has been playing international rugby since their 1932 debut against Japan . Canada have competed at every World Cup since the tournament was first staged in 1987 , the only North American team to do so . Canada achieved their best result at the World Cup in 1991 , where they reached the quarterfinals . Canada was once the dominant power of North American rugby and was the second best team in the Americas ; Canada currently ranks fourth in the region after Argentina , the US and Uruguay . The team has achieved victories over Six Nations teams such as France , Wales , Italy , and Scotland on at least one occasion in past years , mostly during the amateur era . Canada is currently ranked 22nd in the World Rugby Rankings .'}]}, {'value': 'Argentina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Argentina_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': "The Argentina national rugby team is organised by the Argentine Rugby Union ( UAR , from the Spanish : Unión Argentina de Rugby ) . Nicknamed the Pumas ( Los Pumas in Spanish ) , they play in sky blue and white jerseys , Argentina played its first international rugby match in 1910 against a touring British Isles team . As of 23 September 2019 they are ranked 11th in the world by the IRB , making them the highest-ranked nation in the Americas . They have competed at every Rugby World Cup staged since the first tournament of 1987 , and the country are considered the strongest within the Americas , being undefeated against all but Canada , against whom they have suffered three losses . Although rugby union in Argentina is not as popular as association football , the Pumas ' impressive results since the 1999 World Cup have seen the sport 's popularity grow significantly . Argentina has achieved several upset victories , are tough contenders when playing in Buenos Aires , and are capable of regularly defeating Six Nations sides . A surprise victory over the hosts France in the first game of the 2007 World Cup took Argentina to fourth in the IRB World Rankings . The team were undefeated in their pool , and reached the semi-finals for the first time , beating Scotland 19-13 in their quarter-final . They were defeated 37-13 by eventual winners South Africa in the semi-finals , but followed this up with a second win over France to claim third place overall . By the end of the competition , the team had reached an all-time high of third in the World Rankings . After their advances in competitiveness and performance during the 2000s , coupled with their location in the Southern Hemisphere , Argentina was the only tier 1 nation that had no regular competition , and some , among them former Pumas captain Agustín Pichot , had even spoken of them joining the Six Nations . Argentina officially joined The Rugby Championship in a meeting in Buenos Aires on 23 November 2011 ."}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1999', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/1999_Rugby_World_Cup_–_Americas_qualification', 'summary': 'For the 1999 Rugby World Cup qualifiers , the Americas were allocated three places in the final tournament and one place in the repechage . Eleven teams played in the American qualifiers that were held over four stages from 1996 to 1998 . Argentina , Canada and United States were the top three sides and secured their places as Americas 1 , Americas 2 and Americas 3 , respectively , for RWC 99 . Uruguay qualified for the repechage tournament .'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Argentina Canada United States Uruguay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Argentina_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': "The Argentina national rugby team is organised by the Argentine Rugby Union ( UAR , from the Spanish : Unión Argentina de Rugby ) . Nicknamed the Pumas ( Los Pumas in Spanish ) , they play in sky blue and white jerseys , Argentina played its first international rugby match in 1910 against a touring British Isles team . As of 23 September 2019 they are ranked 11th in the world by the IRB , making them the highest-ranked nation in the Americas . They have competed at every Rugby World Cup staged since the first tournament of 1987 , and the country are considered the strongest within the Americas , being undefeated against all but Canada , against whom they have suffered three losses . Although rugby union in Argentina is not as popular as association football , the Pumas ' impressive results since the 1999 World Cup have seen the sport 's popularity grow significantly . Argentina has achieved several upset victories , are tough contenders when playing in Buenos Aires , and are capable of regularly defeating Six Nations sides . A surprise victory over the hosts France in the first game of the 2007 World Cup took Argentina to fourth in the IRB World Rankings . The team were undefeated in their pool , and reached the semi-finals for the first time , beating Scotland 19-13 in their quarter-final . They were defeated 37-13 by eventual winners South Africa in the semi-finals , but followed this up with a second win over France to claim third place overall . By the end of the competition , the team had reached an all-time high of third in the World Rankings . After their advances in competitiveness and performance during the 2000s , coupled with their location in the Southern Hemisphere , Argentina was the only tier 1 nation that had no regular competition , and some , among them former Pumas captain Agustín Pichot , had even spoken of them joining the Six Nations . Argentina officially joined The Rugby Championship in a meeting in Buenos Aires on 23 November 2011 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Canada_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': 'The Canada national rugby union team ( French : Équipe du Canada de rugby à XV ) is governed by Rugby Canada , and play in red and white . Canada is classified by World Rugby as a tier two rugby nation . There are ten tier one nations , and thirteen tier two nations . Canada competes in competitions such as the Americas Rugby Championship and the Rugby World Cup . Canada has been playing international rugby since their 1932 debut against Japan . Canada have competed at every World Cup since the tournament was first staged in 1987 , the only North American team to do so . Canada achieved their best result at the World Cup in 1991 , where they reached the quarterfinals . Canada was once the dominant power of North American rugby and was the second best team in the Americas ; Canada currently ranks fourth in the region after Argentina , the US and Uruguay . The team has achieved victories over Six Nations teams such as France , Wales , Italy , and Scotland on at least one occasion in past years , mostly during the amateur era . Canada is currently ranked 22nd in the World Rugby Rankings .'}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': "The United States men 's national rugby union team , nicknamed the Eagles , is controlled by USA Rugby . USA Rugby is a member of Rugby Americas North , one of six regional governing bodies under World Rugby . Until rugby returned to Olympic competition , with sevens at the 2016 Rio Games , the United States was the reigning Olympic rugby champion , having defeated the one other competitor in 1920 and the two other competitors at the 1924 Summer Olympics . As of October 2019 [ update ] , the men 's Eagles are ranked 17th in the world by the World Rugby Rankings . Their previous highest ranking , achieved ahead of the 2019 World Cup , was 13th ; their lowest ranking was 20th , following a winless campaign in the 2008 Churchill Cup . The highest profile tournament in which the men 's Eagles play is the Rugby World Cup . The men 's Eagles have played in all but one Rugby World Cup since the tournament began in 1987 . The United States has expressed interest in hosting the 2027 Rugby World Cup . The United States competed in the Pacific Nations Cup every Summer from 2013 to 2015 . Previously , the U.S. has competed in the now-defunct Churchill Cup and the Pan American Championship . In April 2015 , USA Rugby announced the creation of a new , annual International Championship to be contested among the top-6 ranked rugby nations in the Americas : Argentina , Brazil , Canada , Chile , Uruguay and the United States . The contest was named the Americas Rugby Championship and began in 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Uruguay_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': 'The Uruguay national rugby union team , nicknamed Los Teros , is governed by the Unión de Rugby del Uruguay . One of the older test sides in the world , Uruguay has qualified four times for the Rugby World Cup , in 1999 , 2003 , 2015 and most recently 2019 . As of 10 June 2019 they are ranked 17th in the world , and are ranked 3rd in the Americas region , behind rivals Argentina and the United States . Uruguay has consistently been one of the better fringe international sides in rugby union , having consistently beaten Tier 2/3 competition from across the globe . Uruguay won the South American Rugby Championship in 1981 , the only time ( pre-2014 ) that a team other than Argentina won the tournament . They came second on 19 occasions and third the remaining 9 . As of 2012 , Uruguay has been classified as a Tier 2 nation , which allows them to receive more funding from World Rugby . Their home stadium is Estadio Charrúa in Montevideo and holds up to 14,000 people . Estadio Domingo Burgueño has also been used for some fixtures in the Americas Rugby Championship . The nickname Los Teros refers to the national bird of Uruguay , the southern lapwing .'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2003', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2003_Rugby_World_Cup_–_Americas_qualification', 'summary': 'In qualification for the 2003 Rugby World Cup , a number of positions were available to Americas nations . Canada , Uruguay and the USA would eventually qualify .'}]}, {'value': 'Argentina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Argentina_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': "The Argentina national rugby team is organised by the Argentine Rugby Union ( UAR , from the Spanish : Unión Argentina de Rugby ) . Nicknamed the Pumas ( Los Pumas in Spanish ) , they play in sky blue and white jerseys , Argentina played its first international rugby match in 1910 against a touring British Isles team . As of 23 September 2019 they are ranked 11th in the world by the IRB , making them the highest-ranked nation in the Americas . They have competed at every Rugby World Cup staged since the first tournament of 1987 , and the country are considered the strongest within the Americas , being undefeated against all but Canada , against whom they have suffered three losses . Although rugby union in Argentina is not as popular as association football , the Pumas ' impressive results since the 1999 World Cup have seen the sport 's popularity grow significantly . Argentina has achieved several upset victories , are tough contenders when playing in Buenos Aires , and are capable of regularly defeating Six Nations sides . A surprise victory over the hosts France in the first game of the 2007 World Cup took Argentina to fourth in the IRB World Rankings . The team were undefeated in their pool , and reached the semi-finals for the first time , beating Scotland 19-13 in their quarter-final . They were defeated 37-13 by eventual winners South Africa in the semi-finals , but followed this up with a second win over France to claim third place overall . By the end of the competition , the team had reached an all-time high of third in the World Rankings . After their advances in competitiveness and performance during the 2000s , coupled with their location in the Southern Hemisphere , Argentina was the only tier 1 nation that had no regular competition , and some , among them former Pumas captain Agustín Pichot , had even spoken of them joining the Six Nations . Argentina officially joined The Rugby Championship in a meeting in Buenos Aires on 23 November 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'Canada United States Uruguay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': 'The Canada national rugby union team ( French : Équipe du Canada de rugby à XV ) is governed by Rugby Canada , and play in red and white . Canada is classified by World Rugby as a tier two rugby nation . There are ten tier one nations , and thirteen tier two nations . Canada competes in competitions such as the Americas Rugby Championship and the Rugby World Cup . Canada has been playing international rugby since their 1932 debut against Japan . Canada have competed at every World Cup since the tournament was first staged in 1987 , the only North American team to do so . Canada achieved their best result at the World Cup in 1991 , where they reached the quarterfinals . Canada was once the dominant power of North American rugby and was the second best team in the Americas ; Canada currently ranks fourth in the region after Argentina , the US and Uruguay . The team has achieved victories over Six Nations teams such as France , Wales , Italy , and Scotland on at least one occasion in past years , mostly during the amateur era . Canada is currently ranked 22nd in the World Rugby Rankings .'}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': "The United States men 's national rugby union team , nicknamed the Eagles , is controlled by USA Rugby . USA Rugby is a member of Rugby Americas North , one of six regional governing bodies under World Rugby . Until rugby returned to Olympic competition , with sevens at the 2016 Rio Games , the United States was the reigning Olympic rugby champion , having defeated the one other competitor in 1920 and the two other competitors at the 1924 Summer Olympics . As of October 2019 [ update ] , the men 's Eagles are ranked 17th in the world by the World Rugby Rankings . Their previous highest ranking , achieved ahead of the 2019 World Cup , was 13th ; their lowest ranking was 20th , following a winless campaign in the 2008 Churchill Cup . The highest profile tournament in which the men 's Eagles play is the Rugby World Cup . The men 's Eagles have played in all but one Rugby World Cup since the tournament began in 1987 . The United States has expressed interest in hosting the 2027 Rugby World Cup . The United States competed in the Pacific Nations Cup every Summer from 2013 to 2015 . Previously , the U.S. has competed in the now-defunct Churchill Cup and the Pan American Championship . In April 2015 , USA Rugby announced the creation of a new , annual International Championship to be contested among the top-6 ranked rugby nations in the Americas : Argentina , Brazil , Canada , Chile , Uruguay and the United States . The contest was named the Americas Rugby Championship and began in 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Uruguay_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': 'The Uruguay national rugby union team , nicknamed Los Teros , is governed by the Unión de Rugby del Uruguay . One of the older test sides in the world , Uruguay has qualified four times for the Rugby World Cup , in 1999 , 2003 , 2015 and most recently 2019 . As of 10 June 2019 they are ranked 17th in the world , and are ranked 3rd in the Americas region , behind rivals Argentina and the United States . Uruguay has consistently been one of the better fringe international sides in rugby union , having consistently beaten Tier 2/3 competition from across the globe . Uruguay won the South American Rugby Championship in 1981 , the only time ( pre-2014 ) that a team other than Argentina won the tournament . They came second on 19 occasions and third the remaining 9 . As of 2012 , Uruguay has been classified as a Tier 2 nation , which allows them to receive more funding from World Rugby . Their home stadium is Estadio Charrúa in Montevideo and holds up to 14,000 people . Estadio Domingo Burgueño has also been used for some fixtures in the Americas Rugby Championship . The nickname Los Teros refers to the national bird of Uruguay , the southern lapwing .'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2007', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2007_Rugby_World_Cup_–_Americas_qualification', 'summary': 'In qualification for the 2007 Rugby World Cup , 19 countries in the Pan American Rugby Association ( PARA ) compete for 3 direct entries and 1 repechage place ( Repechage 1 ) against the winner of Africa 2 v Europe 4 .'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Argentina Canada United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Argentina_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': "The Argentina national rugby team is organised by the Argentine Rugby Union ( UAR , from the Spanish : Unión Argentina de Rugby ) . Nicknamed the Pumas ( Los Pumas in Spanish ) , they play in sky blue and white jerseys , Argentina played its first international rugby match in 1910 against a touring British Isles team . As of 23 September 2019 they are ranked 11th in the world by the IRB , making them the highest-ranked nation in the Americas . They have competed at every Rugby World Cup staged since the first tournament of 1987 , and the country are considered the strongest within the Americas , being undefeated against all but Canada , against whom they have suffered three losses . Although rugby union in Argentina is not as popular as association football , the Pumas ' impressive results since the 1999 World Cup have seen the sport 's popularity grow significantly . Argentina has achieved several upset victories , are tough contenders when playing in Buenos Aires , and are capable of regularly defeating Six Nations sides . A surprise victory over the hosts France in the first game of the 2007 World Cup took Argentina to fourth in the IRB World Rankings . The team were undefeated in their pool , and reached the semi-finals for the first time , beating Scotland 19-13 in their quarter-final . They were defeated 37-13 by eventual winners South Africa in the semi-finals , but followed this up with a second win over France to claim third place overall . By the end of the competition , the team had reached an all-time high of third in the World Rankings . After their advances in competitiveness and performance during the 2000s , coupled with their location in the Southern Hemisphere , Argentina was the only tier 1 nation that had no regular competition , and some , among them former Pumas captain Agustín Pichot , had even spoken of them joining the Six Nations . Argentina officially joined The Rugby Championship in a meeting in Buenos Aires on 23 November 2011 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Canada_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': 'The Canada national rugby union team ( French : Équipe du Canada de rugby à XV ) is governed by Rugby Canada , and play in red and white . Canada is classified by World Rugby as a tier two rugby nation . There are ten tier one nations , and thirteen tier two nations . Canada competes in competitions such as the Americas Rugby Championship and the Rugby World Cup . Canada has been playing international rugby since their 1932 debut against Japan . Canada have competed at every World Cup since the tournament was first staged in 1987 , the only North American team to do so . Canada achieved their best result at the World Cup in 1991 , where they reached the quarterfinals . Canada was once the dominant power of North American rugby and was the second best team in the Americas ; Canada currently ranks fourth in the region after Argentina , the US and Uruguay . The team has achieved victories over Six Nations teams such as France , Wales , Italy , and Scotland on at least one occasion in past years , mostly during the amateur era . Canada is currently ranked 22nd in the World Rugby Rankings .'}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': "The United States men 's national rugby union team , nicknamed the Eagles , is controlled by USA Rugby . USA Rugby is a member of Rugby Americas North , one of six regional governing bodies under World Rugby . Until rugby returned to Olympic competition , with sevens at the 2016 Rio Games , the United States was the reigning Olympic rugby champion , having defeated the one other competitor in 1920 and the two other competitors at the 1924 Summer Olympics . As of October 2019 [ update ] , the men 's Eagles are ranked 17th in the world by the World Rugby Rankings . Their previous highest ranking , achieved ahead of the 2019 World Cup , was 13th ; their lowest ranking was 20th , following a winless campaign in the 2008 Churchill Cup . The highest profile tournament in which the men 's Eagles play is the Rugby World Cup . The men 's Eagles have played in all but one Rugby World Cup since the tournament began in 1987 . The United States has expressed interest in hosting the 2027 Rugby World Cup . The United States competed in the Pacific Nations Cup every Summer from 2013 to 2015 . Previously , the U.S. has competed in the now-defunct Churchill Cup and the Pan American Championship . In April 2015 , USA Rugby announced the creation of a new , annual International Championship to be contested among the top-6 ranked rugby nations in the Americas : Argentina , Brazil , Canada , Chile , Uruguay and the United States . The contest was named the Americas Rugby Championship and began in 2016 ."}]}, {'value': 'Uruguay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uruguay_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': 'The Uruguay national rugby union team , nicknamed Los Teros , is governed by the Unión de Rugby del Uruguay . One of the older test sides in the world , Uruguay has qualified four times for the Rugby World Cup , in 1999 , 2003 , 2015 and most recently 2019 . As of 10 June 2019 they are ranked 17th in the world , and are ranked 3rd in the Americas region , behind rivals Argentina and the United States . Uruguay has consistently been one of the better fringe international sides in rugby union , having consistently beaten Tier 2/3 competition from across the globe . Uruguay won the South American Rugby Championship in 1981 , the only time ( pre-2014 ) that a team other than Argentina won the tournament . They came second on 19 occasions and third the remaining 9 . As of 2012 , Uruguay has been classified as a Tier 2 nation , which allows them to receive more funding from World Rugby . Their home stadium is Estadio Charrúa in Montevideo and holds up to 14,000 people . Estadio Domingo Burgueño has also been used for some fixtures in the Americas Rugby Championship . The nickname Los Teros refers to the national bird of Uruguay , the southern lapwing .'}]}, {'value': '2011', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2011_Rugby_World_Cup_–_Americas_qualification', 'summary': "In the American Region for Rugby World Cup Qualifying , two teams , Canada and USA , qualified directly to the world cup and the third place , Uruguay , entered a playoff against the third place European team and the second place African and Asian teams . The qualification process started with regional qualification tournaments . First a Caribbean tournament in the Cayman Islands during April 2008 , was won by Trinidad & Tobago . South America 's Second Division 2008 South American Rugby ( division B ) was the next tournament to take place . Brazil won on the final day in Paraguay . The two regional champions advanced to a playoff to decide who would face Uruguay and Chile in Round 3A . Brazil won both legs of the two-match series for the right to participate in the 2009 South American Rugby Championship A Division , which was won by Uruguay . Uruguay then faced the United States to determine the Americas 2 seed . On July 11 , 2009 , Canada claimed the Americas 1 seed , making them the first team to qualify for the 2011 Rugby World Cup . The USA followed on November 21 to claim the Americas 2 seed , sending Uruguay to the playoffs for the final place . 18 teams participated in the qualifying process . For 2007 there were 19 ."}]}, {'value': 'Argentina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Argentina_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': "The Argentina national rugby team is organised by the Argentine Rugby Union ( UAR , from the Spanish : Unión Argentina de Rugby ) . Nicknamed the Pumas ( Los Pumas in Spanish ) , they play in sky blue and white jerseys , Argentina played its first international rugby match in 1910 against a touring British Isles team . As of 23 September 2019 they are ranked 11th in the world by the IRB , making them the highest-ranked nation in the Americas . They have competed at every Rugby World Cup staged since the first tournament of 1987 , and the country are considered the strongest within the Americas , being undefeated against all but Canada , against whom they have suffered three losses . Although rugby union in Argentina is not as popular as association football , the Pumas ' impressive results since the 1999 World Cup have seen the sport 's popularity grow significantly . Argentina has achieved several upset victories , are tough contenders when playing in Buenos Aires , and are capable of regularly defeating Six Nations sides . A surprise victory over the hosts France in the first game of the 2007 World Cup took Argentina to fourth in the IRB World Rankings . The team were undefeated in their pool , and reached the semi-finals for the first time , beating Scotland 19-13 in their quarter-final . They were defeated 37-13 by eventual winners South Africa in the semi-finals , but followed this up with a second win over France to claim third place overall . By the end of the competition , the team had reached an all-time high of third in the World Rankings . After their advances in competitiveness and performance during the 2000s , coupled with their location in the Southern Hemisphere , Argentina was the only tier 1 nation that had no regular competition , and some , among them former Pumas captain Agustín Pichot , had even spoken of them joining the Six Nations . Argentina officially joined The Rugby Championship in a meeting in Buenos Aires on 23 November 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'Canada United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': 'The Canada national rugby union team ( French : Équipe du Canada de rugby à XV ) is governed by Rugby Canada , and play in red and white . Canada is classified by World Rugby as a tier two rugby nation . There are ten tier one nations , and thirteen tier two nations . Canada competes in competitions such as the Americas Rugby Championship and the Rugby World Cup . Canada has been playing international rugby since their 1932 debut against Japan . Canada have competed at every World Cup since the tournament was first staged in 1987 , the only North American team to do so . Canada achieved their best result at the World Cup in 1991 , where they reached the quarterfinals . Canada was once the dominant power of North American rugby and was the second best team in the Americas ; Canada currently ranks fourth in the region after Argentina , the US and Uruguay . The team has achieved victories over Six Nations teams such as France , Wales , Italy , and Scotland on at least one occasion in past years , mostly during the amateur era . Canada is currently ranked 22nd in the World Rugby Rankings .'}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': "The United States men 's national rugby union team , nicknamed the Eagles , is controlled by USA Rugby . USA Rugby is a member of Rugby Americas North , one of six regional governing bodies under World Rugby . Until rugby returned to Olympic competition , with sevens at the 2016 Rio Games , the United States was the reigning Olympic rugby champion , having defeated the one other competitor in 1920 and the two other competitors at the 1924 Summer Olympics . As of October 2019 [ update ] , the men 's Eagles are ranked 17th in the world by the World Rugby Rankings . Their previous highest ranking , achieved ahead of the 2019 World Cup , was 13th ; their lowest ranking was 20th , following a winless campaign in the 2008 Churchill Cup . The highest profile tournament in which the men 's Eagles play is the Rugby World Cup . The men 's Eagles have played in all but one Rugby World Cup since the tournament began in 1987 . The United States has expressed interest in hosting the 2027 Rugby World Cup . The United States competed in the Pacific Nations Cup every Summer from 2013 to 2015 . Previously , the U.S. has competed in the now-defunct Churchill Cup and the Pan American Championship . In April 2015 , USA Rugby announced the creation of a new , annual International Championship to be contested among the top-6 ranked rugby nations in the Americas : Argentina , Brazil , Canada , Chile , Uruguay and the United States . The contest was named the Americas Rugby Championship and began in 2016 ."}]}, {'value': 'Uruguay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Uruguay_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': 'The Uruguay national rugby union team , nicknamed Los Teros , is governed by the Unión de Rugby del Uruguay . One of the older test sides in the world , Uruguay has qualified four times for the Rugby World Cup , in 1999 , 2003 , 2015 and most recently 2019 . As of 10 June 2019 they are ranked 17th in the world , and are ranked 3rd in the Americas region , behind rivals Argentina and the United States . Uruguay has consistently been one of the better fringe international sides in rugby union , having consistently beaten Tier 2/3 competition from across the globe . Uruguay won the South American Rugby Championship in 1981 , the only time ( pre-2014 ) that a team other than Argentina won the tournament . They came second on 19 occasions and third the remaining 9 . As of 2012 , Uruguay has been classified as a Tier 2 nation , which allows them to receive more funding from World Rugby . Their home stadium is Estadio Charrúa in Montevideo and holds up to 14,000 people . Estadio Domingo Burgueño has also been used for some fixtures in the Americas Rugby Championship . The nickname Los Teros refers to the national bird of Uruguay , the southern lapwing .'}]}, {'value': '2015', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2015_Rugby_World_Cup_–_Americas_qualification', 'summary': 'In the Americas Region for 2015 Rugby World Cup qualifying , Argentina had automatically qualified for the World Cup , and two places were available in the Americas qualification process , which were taken by Canada and the United States . An additional Americas team , Uruguay , also qualified as the Play-off winner .'}]}, {'value': 'Argentina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Argentina_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': "The Argentina national rugby team is organised by the Argentine Rugby Union ( UAR , from the Spanish : Unión Argentina de Rugby ) . Nicknamed the Pumas ( Los Pumas in Spanish ) , they play in sky blue and white jerseys , Argentina played its first international rugby match in 1910 against a touring British Isles team . As of 23 September 2019 they are ranked 11th in the world by the IRB , making them the highest-ranked nation in the Americas . They have competed at every Rugby World Cup staged since the first tournament of 1987 , and the country are considered the strongest within the Americas , being undefeated against all but Canada , against whom they have suffered three losses . Although rugby union in Argentina is not as popular as association football , the Pumas ' impressive results since the 1999 World Cup have seen the sport 's popularity grow significantly . Argentina has achieved several upset victories , are tough contenders when playing in Buenos Aires , and are capable of regularly defeating Six Nations sides . A surprise victory over the hosts France in the first game of the 2007 World Cup took Argentina to fourth in the IRB World Rankings . The team were undefeated in their pool , and reached the semi-finals for the first time , beating Scotland 19-13 in their quarter-final . They were defeated 37-13 by eventual winners South Africa in the semi-finals , but followed this up with a second win over France to claim third place overall . By the end of the competition , the team had reached an all-time high of third in the World Rankings . After their advances in competitiveness and performance during the 2000s , coupled with their location in the Southern Hemisphere , Argentina was the only tier 1 nation that had no regular competition , and some , among them former Pumas captain Agustín Pichot , had even spoken of them joining the Six Nations . Argentina officially joined The Rugby Championship in a meeting in Buenos Aires on 23 November 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'Canada United States Uruguay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': 'The Canada national rugby union team ( French : Équipe du Canada de rugby à XV ) is governed by Rugby Canada , and play in red and white . Canada is classified by World Rugby as a tier two rugby nation . There are ten tier one nations , and thirteen tier two nations . Canada competes in competitions such as the Americas Rugby Championship and the Rugby World Cup . Canada has been playing international rugby since their 1932 debut against Japan . Canada have competed at every World Cup since the tournament was first staged in 1987 , the only North American team to do so . Canada achieved their best result at the World Cup in 1991 , where they reached the quarterfinals . Canada was once the dominant power of North American rugby and was the second best team in the Americas ; Canada currently ranks fourth in the region after Argentina , the US and Uruguay . The team has achieved victories over Six Nations teams such as France , Wales , Italy , and Scotland on at least one occasion in past years , mostly during the amateur era . Canada is currently ranked 22nd in the World Rugby Rankings .'}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': "The United States men 's national rugby union team , nicknamed the Eagles , is controlled by USA Rugby . USA Rugby is a member of Rugby Americas North , one of six regional governing bodies under World Rugby . Until rugby returned to Olympic competition , with sevens at the 2016 Rio Games , the United States was the reigning Olympic rugby champion , having defeated the one other competitor in 1920 and the two other competitors at the 1924 Summer Olympics . As of October 2019 [ update ] , the men 's Eagles are ranked 17th in the world by the World Rugby Rankings . Their previous highest ranking , achieved ahead of the 2019 World Cup , was 13th ; their lowest ranking was 20th , following a winless campaign in the 2008 Churchill Cup . The highest profile tournament in which the men 's Eagles play is the Rugby World Cup . The men 's Eagles have played in all but one Rugby World Cup since the tournament began in 1987 . The United States has expressed interest in hosting the 2027 Rugby World Cup . The United States competed in the Pacific Nations Cup every Summer from 2013 to 2015 . Previously , the U.S. has competed in the now-defunct Churchill Cup and the Pan American Championship . In April 2015 , USA Rugby announced the creation of a new , annual International Championship to be contested among the top-6 ranked rugby nations in the Americas : Argentina , Brazil , Canada , Chile , Uruguay and the United States . The contest was named the Americas Rugby Championship and began in 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Uruguay_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': 'The Uruguay national rugby union team , nicknamed Los Teros , is governed by the Unión de Rugby del Uruguay . One of the older test sides in the world , Uruguay has qualified four times for the Rugby World Cup , in 1999 , 2003 , 2015 and most recently 2019 . As of 10 June 2019 they are ranked 17th in the world , and are ranked 3rd in the Americas region , behind rivals Argentina and the United States . Uruguay has consistently been one of the better fringe international sides in rugby union , having consistently beaten Tier 2/3 competition from across the globe . Uruguay won the South American Rugby Championship in 1981 , the only time ( pre-2014 ) that a team other than Argentina won the tournament . They came second on 19 occasions and third the remaining 9 . As of 2012 , Uruguay has been classified as a Tier 2 nation , which allows them to receive more funding from World Rugby . Their home stadium is Estadio Charrúa in Montevideo and holds up to 14,000 people . Estadio Domingo Burgueño has also been used for some fixtures in the Americas Rugby Championship . The nickname Los Teros refers to the national bird of Uruguay , the southern lapwing .'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}, {'value': '2019', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/2019_Rugby_World_Cup_–_Americas_qualification', 'summary': 'Qualifying for the 2019 Rugby World Cup for the Americas began in March 2016 , where across 3 years , 20 teams competed for two direct qualification spots into the final tournament , and one spot in the Repechage tournament . For qualification purposes , the two Americas regions Rugby Americas North and Sudamérica Rugby formed the Americas region to compete for the two Americas berths in the World Cup . One team in the Americas zone , Argentina , qualified automatically after reaching the semi-finals of the 2015 World Cup . The United States and Uruguay qualified as Americas 1 and Americas 2 respectively , while Canada moved to the Repechage tournament .'}]}, {'value': 'Argentina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Argentina_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': "The Argentina national rugby team is organised by the Argentine Rugby Union ( UAR , from the Spanish : Unión Argentina de Rugby ) . Nicknamed the Pumas ( Los Pumas in Spanish ) , they play in sky blue and white jerseys , Argentina played its first international rugby match in 1910 against a touring British Isles team . As of 23 September 2019 they are ranked 11th in the world by the IRB , making them the highest-ranked nation in the Americas . They have competed at every Rugby World Cup staged since the first tournament of 1987 , and the country are considered the strongest within the Americas , being undefeated against all but Canada , against whom they have suffered three losses . Although rugby union in Argentina is not as popular as association football , the Pumas ' impressive results since the 1999 World Cup have seen the sport 's popularity grow significantly . Argentina has achieved several upset victories , are tough contenders when playing in Buenos Aires , and are capable of regularly defeating Six Nations sides . A surprise victory over the hosts France in the first game of the 2007 World Cup took Argentina to fourth in the IRB World Rankings . The team were undefeated in their pool , and reached the semi-finals for the first time , beating Scotland 19-13 in their quarter-final . They were defeated 37-13 by eventual winners South Africa in the semi-finals , but followed this up with a second win over France to claim third place overall . By the end of the competition , the team had reached an all-time high of third in the World Rankings . After their advances in competitiveness and performance during the 2000s , coupled with their location in the Southern Hemisphere , Argentina was the only tier 1 nation that had no regular competition , and some , among them former Pumas captain Agustín Pichot , had even spoken of them joining the Six Nations . Argentina officially joined The Rugby Championship in a meeting in Buenos Aires on 23 November 2011 ."}]}, {'value': 'Canada United States Uruguay', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Canada_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': 'The Canada national rugby union team ( French : Équipe du Canada de rugby à XV ) is governed by Rugby Canada , and play in red and white . Canada is classified by World Rugby as a tier two rugby nation . There are ten tier one nations , and thirteen tier two nations . Canada competes in competitions such as the Americas Rugby Championship and the Rugby World Cup . Canada has been playing international rugby since their 1932 debut against Japan . Canada have competed at every World Cup since the tournament was first staged in 1987 , the only North American team to do so . Canada achieved their best result at the World Cup in 1991 , where they reached the quarterfinals . Canada was once the dominant power of North American rugby and was the second best team in the Americas ; Canada currently ranks fourth in the region after Argentina , the US and Uruguay . The team has achieved victories over Six Nations teams such as France , Wales , Italy , and Scotland on at least one occasion in past years , mostly during the amateur era . Canada is currently ranked 22nd in the World Rugby Rankings .'}, {'url': '/wiki/United_States_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': "The United States men 's national rugby union team , nicknamed the Eagles , is controlled by USA Rugby . USA Rugby is a member of Rugby Americas North , one of six regional governing bodies under World Rugby . Until rugby returned to Olympic competition , with sevens at the 2016 Rio Games , the United States was the reigning Olympic rugby champion , having defeated the one other competitor in 1920 and the two other competitors at the 1924 Summer Olympics . As of October 2019 [ update ] , the men 's Eagles are ranked 17th in the world by the World Rugby Rankings . Their previous highest ranking , achieved ahead of the 2019 World Cup , was 13th ; their lowest ranking was 20th , following a winless campaign in the 2008 Churchill Cup . The highest profile tournament in which the men 's Eagles play is the Rugby World Cup . The men 's Eagles have played in all but one Rugby World Cup since the tournament began in 1987 . The United States has expressed interest in hosting the 2027 Rugby World Cup . The United States competed in the Pacific Nations Cup every Summer from 2013 to 2015 . Previously , the U.S. has competed in the now-defunct Churchill Cup and the Pan American Championship . In April 2015 , USA Rugby announced the creation of a new , annual International Championship to be contested among the top-6 ranked rugby nations in the Americas : Argentina , Brazil , Canada , Chile , Uruguay and the United States . The contest was named the Americas Rugby Championship and began in 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Uruguay_national_rugby_union_team', 'summary': 'The Uruguay national rugby union team , nicknamed Los Teros , is governed by the Unión de Rugby del Uruguay . One of the older test sides in the world , Uruguay has qualified four times for the Rugby World Cup , in 1999 , 2003 , 2015 and most recently 2019 . As of 10 June 2019 they are ranked 17th in the world , and are ranked 3rd in the Americas region , behind rivals Argentina and the United States . Uruguay has consistently been one of the better fringe international sides in rugby union , having consistently beaten Tier 2/3 competition from across the globe . Uruguay won the South American Rugby Championship in 1981 , the only time ( pre-2014 ) that a team other than Argentina won the tournament . They came second on 19 occasions and third the remaining 9 . As of 2012 , Uruguay has been classified as a Tier 2 nation , which allows them to receive more funding from World Rugby . Their home stadium is Estadio Charrúa in Montevideo and holds up to 14,000 people . Estadio Domingo Burgueño has also been used for some fixtures in the Americas Rugby Championship . The nickname Los Teros refers to the national bird of Uruguay , the southern lapwing .'}]}, {'value': '-', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Qualification by continent -- Americas', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'Rugby_World_Cup_qualification_1', 'intro': 'Rugby World Cup qualification is a process that determines which nations will compete at the Rugby World Cup. Unlike previous tournaments (where eight teams, the quarter-finalists from the preceding World Cup, qualified automatically and twelve places were available through qualification) the 2011 World Cup will be contested by twelve automatic qualifiers / seeds (the teams who finished in the top three of the groups at the 2007 World Cup) and eight qualifiers. The qualification system for the remaining eight places will be region-based with Europe and the Americas allocated two qualifying places, Africa, Asia and Oceania one place each, with the last place determined by a play-off.'}
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What was the stage reached in the 1991 Rugby World Cup tournament by the country with the team that has been playing since their 1932 debut against Japan , that meant they were the only country to be given an automatic qualification in the Rugby World Cup tournament year in which only Argentina qualified via competition ?
Quarter-final
04e539f7a7998a50
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Custer_County,_Oklahoma', 'title': 'National Register of Historic Places listings in Custer County, Oklahoma', 'header': ['', 'Name on the Register', 'Date listed', 'Location', 'City or town'], 'data': [{'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Broadway Hotel', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Broadway_Hotel_(Custer_City,_Oklahoma)', 'summary': "Broadway Hotel in Custer City , Oklahoma , is a two-story hotel building that was built in 1908 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985 . It has 12 hotel rooms and , as of 1988 , was the only commercial business in Custer City that had operated in the same building since the town 's early days ."}]}, {'value': 'March 6 , 1985 ( # 85000489 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Off State Highway 33 35°39′56″N 98°53′00″W / 35.665556°N 98.883333°W / 35.665556 ; -98.883333 ( Broadway Hotel )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oklahoma_State_Highway_33', 'summary': "Oklahoma 's State Highway 33 ( abbreviated SH-33 or OK-33 ) is a major highway that traverses most of the state , and at one time traversed the entire state . Its general orientation is west to east . All mileages listed herein are from the western terminus of the highway at the Texas state line ."}]}, {'value': 'Custer City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Custer_City,_Oklahoma', 'summary': 'Custer City is a town in Custer County , Oklahoma , United States . The population was 375 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '2', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clinton Armory', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 7 , 1994 ( # 94000281 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '723 S. 13th St. 35°30′25″N 98°58′31″W / 35.506944°N 98.975278°W / 35.506944 ; -98.975278 ( Clinton Armory )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clinton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clinton,_Oklahoma', 'summary': 'Clinton is a city in Custer and Washita counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma . The population was 9,033 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Crawford House', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 8 , 1984 ( # 84002998 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '600 N. 13th St. 35°31′10″N 98°58′34″W / 35.519444°N 98.976111°W / 35.519444 ; -98.976111 ( Crawford House )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clinton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clinton,_Oklahoma', 'summary': 'Clinton is a city in Custer and Washita counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma . The population was 9,033 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'First National Bank of Custer City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/First_National_Bank_of_Custer_City', 'summary': 'First National Bank of Custer City , in Custer City , Oklahoma , was built in 1903 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Placesin 1985 . It is a two-story red brick building , 30 by 80 feet ( 9.1 m × 24.4 m ) in plan . Its only decorative architectural element is a corner parapet with 1903 and First National Bank spelled out in white-painted concrete letters .'}]}, {'value': 'October 31 , 1985 ( # 85003426 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Off State Highway 33 35°39′55″N 98°53′00″W / 35.665278°N 98.883333°W / 35.665278 ; -98.883333 ( First National Bank of Custer City )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oklahoma_State_Highway_33', 'summary': "Oklahoma 's State Highway 33 ( abbreviated SH-33 or OK-33 ) is a major highway that traverses most of the state , and at one time traversed the entire state . Its general orientation is west to east . All mileages listed herein are from the western terminus of the highway at the Texas state line ."}]}, {'value': 'Custer City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Custer_City,_Oklahoma', 'summary': 'Custer City is a town in Custer County , Oklahoma , United States . The population was 375 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Heerwald Site', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 12 , 2012 ( # 12000112 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Address Restricted', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clinton vicinity', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clinton,_Oklahoma', 'summary': 'Clinton is a city in Custer and Washita counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma . The population was 9,033 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hodge Site', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'December 15 , 1978 ( # 78002232 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Address Restricted', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Hammon', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Hammon,_Oklahoma', 'summary': 'Hammon is a town in the U.S. state of Oklahoma the majority of which is in Roger Mills County , but some of which extends into Custer County . It is located at the junction of Oklahoma State Highway 33 and Oklahoma State Highway 34 . The town is named for Indian Agent James H. Hammon , who was assigned to the Red Moon Agency near the future site of Hammon . This was a subagency of the Cheyenne-Arapaho Agency at Darlington , north of Fort Reno , and his mission was to build a reservation school and to teach the Cheyenne and Arapaho to farm . His wife , Ida M. Hammon , was postmaster when a post office was established in their home on June 30 , 1894 . The townsite was originally located in Custer County . But when the Wichita Falls and Northwestern Railroad ( later known as the Missouri , Kansas and Texas Railway ) laid track west of the town in 1910 , the majority of the town was moved west into Roger Mills County to be near the railroad . On May 22 , 1911 , the board of county commissioners accepted the incorporation of the town . The population was 568 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Little Deer Site', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'November 27 , 1978 ( # 78002233 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Address Restricted', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Weatherford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Weatherford,_Oklahoma', 'summary': 'Weatherford is a city in Custer County , Oklahoma , United States . The population was 10,833 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'McLain Rogers Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/McLain_Rogers_Park', 'summary': 'The McLain Rogers Park , in Clinton , Oklahoma , was built in 1934 and following years . It includes Art Deco architecture . It has also been known as Clinton City Park . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004 . The listing included four contributing buildings , nine contributing structures , and a contributing object . It has a striking entranceway , its East Gate , fronting onto Route 66 . It was developed in multiple projects funded by New Deal programs : the Federal Emergency Relief Administration , the Civil Works Administration , and the Works Progress Administration .'}]}, {'value': 'September 3 , 2004 ( # 04000944 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Junction of 10th and Bess Rogers Dr. 35°30′20″N 98°58′25″W / 35.505556°N 98.973611°W / 35.505556 ; -98.973611 ( McLain Rogers Park )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clinton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clinton,_Oklahoma', 'summary': 'Clinton is a city in Custer and Washita counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma . The population was 9,033 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Owl Blacksmith Shop', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Owl_Blacksmith_Shop', 'summary': "The Owl Blacksmith Shop , at 208 W. Rainey in Weatherford , Oklahoma , is a historic blacksmith shop . It was bought by Lee Cotter Sr. in 1913 , from the Attabury Boys who had operated before , perhaps from as early as 1898 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983 . It has also been known as Lee Cotter 's Blacksmith Shop . In 1983 it was still in operation , run by Lee Cotter , the son , who had been 6 years old when the place was bought . A 2008 survey of historic resources mentioned it being in the fourth generation of use , and it being located on the original U.S. Route 66 ."}]}, {'value': 'July 27 , 1983 ( # 83002084 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '208 W. Rainey 35°31′29″N 98°42′35″W / 35.524722°N 98.709722°W / 35.524722 ; -98.709722 ( Owl Blacksmith Shop )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Weatherford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Weatherford,_Oklahoma', 'summary': 'Weatherford is a city in Custer County , Oklahoma , United States . The population was 10,833 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': "J.J. Pyeatt 's General Store", 'urls': []}, {'value': 'March 6 , 1985 ( # 85000488 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': "Off State Highway 33 35°39′56″N 98°52′58″W / 35.665556°N 98.882778°W / 35.665556 ; -98.882778 ( J.J. Pyeatt 's General Store )", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Oklahoma_State_Highway_33', 'summary': "Oklahoma 's State Highway 33 ( abbreviated SH-33 or OK-33 ) is a major highway that traverses most of the state , and at one time traversed the entire state . Its general orientation is west to east . All mileages listed herein are from the western terminus of the highway at the Texas state line ."}]}, {'value': 'Custer City', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Custer_City,_Oklahoma', 'summary': 'Custer City is a town in Custer County , Oklahoma , United States . The population was 375 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Science Building', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'February 23 , 1984 ( # 84003004 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'State St. 35°32′07″N 98°42′22″W / 35.535278°N 98.706111°W / 35.535278 ; -98.706111 ( Science Building )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Weatherford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Weatherford,_Oklahoma', 'summary': 'Weatherford is a city in Custer County , Oklahoma , United States . The population was 10,833 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thomas Community Building', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'June 8 , 2011 ( # 11000335 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '120 E. Broadway 35°44′38″N 98°44′51″W / 35.743889°N 98.7475°W / 35.743889 ; -98.7475 ( Thomas Community Building )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Thomas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Thomas,_Oklahoma', 'summary': 'Thomas is a city in Custer County , Oklahoma , United States . The population was 1,181 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Weatherford Armory', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 20 , 1994 ( # 94000492 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '123 W. Rainey St. 35°31′30″N 98°42′35″W / 35.525°N 98.709722°W / 35.525 ; -98.709722 ( Weatherford Armory )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Weatherford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Weatherford,_Oklahoma', 'summary': 'Weatherford is a city in Custer County , Oklahoma , United States . The population was 10,833 at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Y Service Station and Cafe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Y_Service_Station_and_Cafe', 'summary': 'The Y Service Station and Cafe , at 1733 Neptune Dr. in Clinton , Oklahoma , was built in 1937 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004 . It occupies a triangular property where Neptune Road splits in a Y with Route 66 diverging to the north and U.S. Highway 183 diverging to the south of the property . A motel located to the south was destroyed in 1991 or 1992 .'}]}, {'value': 'May 27 , 2004 ( # 04000523 )', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1733 Neptune Dr. 35°28′57″N 98°58′47″W / 35.4825°N 98.979722°W / 35.4825 ; -98.979722 ( Y Service Station and Cafe )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clinton', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clinton,_Oklahoma', 'summary': 'Clinton is a city in Custer and Washita counties in the U.S. state of Oklahoma . The population was 9,033 at the 2010 census .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Current listings', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Custer_County,_Oklahoma_0', 'intro': 'This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Custer County, Oklahoma. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Custer County, Oklahoma, United States. The locations of National Register properties and districts for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map. There are 14 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.'}
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What is the population of the city that has an historic area whose entryway is known as the East Gate ?
9,033
04e5bc9dc76ae16a
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Historical_Landmarks_in_Contra_Costa_County', 'title': 'California Historical Landmarks in Contra Costa County', 'header': ['', 'Landmark name', 'Location', 'City or town'], 'data': [{'value': '512', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alvarado Adobe', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'San Pablo Blvd . & Church Ln', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'San Pablo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Pablo,_California', 'summary': 'San Pablo ( /ˈpæbloʊ/ , /ˈpɑːbloʊ/ ) is a city in Contra Costa County , California , United States . The city of Richmond surrounds nearly the whole city . The population was 29,139 at the 2010 census . The current Mayor is Arturo Cruz . Currently , the City Council consists of Rich Kinney , Elizabeth Pabon-Alvarado , Rita Xavier and Abel Pineda .'}]}, {'value': '853', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Captain Pedro Fages Trail', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Pedro_Fages', 'summary': 'Pedro Fages ( 1734-1794 ; Catalan : Pere Fages i Beleta ) was a Spanish soldier , explorer , first Lieutenant Governor of the Californias under Gaspar de Portolá , and second ( 1770-74 ) and fifth ( 1782-91 ) Governor of Alta California .'}]}, {'value': '856 Danville Blvd', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Danville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Danville,_California', 'summary': "The Town of Danville is located in the San Ramon Valley in Contra Costa County , California . It is one of the incorporated municipalities in California that uses town in its name instead of city . The population was 42,039 at the 2010 census . Danville hosts a farmers ' market each Saturday next to the Museum of the San Ramon Valley , located in the historic Southern Pacific Railroad Train Depot . The Iron Horse Regional Trail runs through Danville . It was first a railroad that has been converted to an 80-foot ( 24 m ) wide [ citation needed ] corridor of bike and hike trails as well as controlled intersections . Extending from Livermore to Concord , the trail passes through Danville ."}]}, {'value': '356', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Castro Home', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9800 San Pablo Ave', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'El Cerrito', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/El_Cerrito,_California', 'summary': 'El Cerrito is a city in Contra Costa County , California , United States , and forms part of the San Francisco Bay Area . It has a population of 23,549 according to the 2010 census . El Cerrito was founded by refugees from the 1906 San Francisco earthquake . It was incorporated in 1917 as a village with 1,500 residents . As of the census in 2000 , there were 23,171 people , 10,208 households and 5,971 families in the city . The top 20 employers in the city , according to the 2013 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report , include such entities as the West Contra Costa Unified School District , the City of El Cerrito , Lucky Stores , Pastime ACE Hardware , and Honda of El Cerrito .'}]}, {'value': '455', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Don Fernando Pacheco Adobe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Don_Fernando_Pacheco_Adobe', 'summary': "The Don Fernando Pacheco Adobe is located at 3119 Grant Street in Concord , California.The Fernando Pacheco Adobe is the only Concord landmark listed in all three Historical Registries : entry on the National Register occurred on June 6 , 1980 ; the California Registered landmark number is 455 ; and the Concord Historical Landmark designation is 1-26-26/5458 . The Adobe was built by Don Fernando in the early 1850s as the base of operations for his growing ranch activities , and as his family 's formal residence . Fernando was the oldest son of Don Salvio Pacheco . He was born on May 30 , 1818 while his father was assigned to a Militia-Guard unit at the Pueblo of San Jose . At age 17 , he was sent to take possession and mark the boundaries of his father 's 17,921 acre land grant . Fernando was given 1,500 acres as initial share of the rancho . He subsequently married Pasquala ( Figeroa ) ( Juarez ) - a widow . Their six children : Pedro , Bonifacio , Cipriana , Maria Asuncion ( who married Jose Julian Cantua ) , Librada and Bersabe were raised at the Adobe . Don Fernando 's family enjoyed a reputation as gracious hosts . They were famous for their generosity and extensive fiestas on Adobe 's then lush , well irrigated grounds . The Adobe 's 32 thick walls were built of local adobe - mud . Ownership remained with Don Fernando 's descendants until 1918 ."}]}, {'value': '3119 Grant St. 37°59′46″N 122°02′33″W / 37.996111°N 122.0425°W / 37.996111 ; -122.0425 ( Don Fernando Pacheco Adobe )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Concord', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Concord,_California', 'summary': 'Concord ( /ˈkɒŋkərd/ KON-kerd ) is the largest city in Contra Costa County , California . At the 2010 census , the city had a population of 122,067 making it the 8th largest city in the San Francisco Bay Area . Founded in 1869 as the community of Todos Santos by Salvio Pacheco , the name was changed to Concord within months . The city is a major regional suburban East Bay center within the San Francisco Bay Area , and is 29 miles ( 47 kilometres ) east of San Francisco .'}]}, {'value': '515', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Don Salvio Pacheco Adobe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Don_Salvio_Pacheco_Adobe', 'summary': 'The Don Salvio Pacheco Adobe is a historic adobe house in Concord , California . In 1834 , Salvio Pacheco was awarded the Rancho Monte del Diablo Mexican land grant , including what is now known as Concord and parts of Pleasant Hill . On June 24 , 1835 , he completed this two-story adobe , the first building to be erected in Diablo Valley . Pacheco gave the land surrounding this adobe to the refugees of the earthquake-flood of 1868 , and the community - previously known as Todos Santos - became known as Concord .'}]}, {'value': '1870 Adobe St. 37°58′35″N 122°02′16″W / 37.9765°N 122.0379°W / 37.9765 ; -122.0379 ( Don Salvio Pacheco Adobe )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Concord', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Concord,_California', 'summary': 'Concord ( /ˈkɒŋkərd/ KON-kerd ) is the largest city in Contra Costa County , California . At the 2010 census , the city had a population of 122,067 making it the 8th largest city in the San Francisco Bay Area . Founded in 1869 as the community of Todos Santos by Salvio Pacheco , the name was changed to Concord within months . The city is a major regional suburban East Bay center within the San Francisco Bay Area , and is 29 miles ( 47 kilometres ) east of San Francisco .'}]}, {'value': '951', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'East Brother Light Station', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/East_Brother_Island_Light', 'summary': 'East Brother Island Lighthouse is a lighthouse located on East Brother Island in San Rafael Bay , near the tip of Point San Pablo in Richmond , California . It marks the entrance to San Pablo Bay from San Francisco Bay .'}]}, {'value': 'Point San Pablo 37°57′48″N 122°26′00″W / 37.9633°N 122.4334°W / 37.9633 ; -122.4334 ( East Brother Light Station )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Point San Pablo', 'urls': []}, {'value': '312', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'John Muir home', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Muir_National_Historic_Site', 'summary': 'The John Muir National Historic Site is located in the San Francisco Bay Area , in Martinez , Contra Costa County , California . It preserves the 14-room Italianate Victorian mansion where the naturalist and writer John Muir lived , as well as a nearby 325-acre ( 132 ha ) tract of native oak woodlands and grasslands historically owned by the Muir family . The main site is on the edge of town , in the shadow of State Route 4 , also known as the John Muir Parkway .'}]}, {'value': '4202 Alhambra Ave. 37°59′29″N 122°08′00″W / 37.991311°N 122.133298°W / 37.991311 ; -122.133298 ( John Muir home )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Martinez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Martinez,_California', 'summary': 'Martinez is a city in and the county seat of Contra Costa County , California , in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area . The population was 35,824 at the 2010 census . The downtown is notable for its large number of preserved old buildings and antique shops . Martinez is located on the southern shore of the Carquinez Strait in the San Francisco Bay Area , directly facing the city center of Benicia and the southeastern end of Vallejo , California .'}]}, {'value': '905', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mount Diablo', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Diablo', 'summary': 'Mount Diablo is a mountain of the Diablo Range , in Contra Costa County of the eastern San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California . It is south of Clayton and northeast of Danville . It is an isolated upthrust peak of 3,849 feet ( 1,173 meters ) , visible from most of the San Francisco Bay Area . Mount Diablo appears from many angles to be a double pyramid and has many subsidiary peaks , the largest and closest of which is the other half of the double pyramid , North Peak , nearly as high in elevation at 3,557 feet ( 1,084 m ) and about a mile northeast of the main summit .'}]}, {'value': 'Mount Diablo State Park 37°52′54″N 121°54′51″W / 37.881698°N 121.914155°W / 37.881698 ; -121.914155 ( Mount Diablo )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mount_Diablo_State_Park', 'summary': 'Mount Diablo is a mountain of the Diablo Range , in Contra Costa County of the eastern San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California . It is south of Clayton and northeast of Danville . It is an isolated upthrust peak of 3,849 feet ( 1,173 meters ) , visible from most of the San Francisco Bay Area . Mount Diablo appears from many angles to be a double pyramid and has many subsidiary peaks , the largest and closest of which is the other half of the double pyramid , North Peak , nearly as high in elevation at 3,557 feet ( 1,084 m ) and about a mile northeast of the main summit .'}]}, {'value': 'Danville', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Danville,_California', 'summary': "The Town of Danville is located in the San Ramon Valley in Contra Costa County , California . It is one of the incorporated municipalities in California that uses town in its name instead of city . The population was 42,039 at the 2010 census . Danville hosts a farmers ' market each Saturday next to the Museum of the San Ramon Valley , located in the historic Southern Pacific Railroad Train Depot . The Iron Horse Regional Trail runs through Danville . It was first a railroad that has been converted to an 80-foot ( 24 m ) wide [ citation needed ] corridor of bike and hike trails as well as controlled intersections . Extending from Livermore to Concord , the trail passes through Danville ."}]}, {'value': '932', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mount Diablo coal field', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Black_Diamond_Mines_Regional_Preserve', 'summary': 'The Black Diamond Mines Regional Preserve is a 6,000-acre ( 2,400 ha ) park located north of Mount Diablo in Contra Costa County , California under the administration of the East Bay Regional Park District ( EBRPD ) . The district acquired the property in 1973 . The preserve contains relics of 3 mining towns , former coal and sand mines , and offers guided tours of a former sand mine . The 60 miles ( 97 km ) of trails in the Preserve cross rolling foothill terrain covered with grassland , California oak woodland , California mixed evergreen forest , and chaparral .'}]}, {'value': 'Black Diamond Mines Regional Preserve 37°57′01″N 121°51′25″W / 37.950278°N 121.856944°W / 37.950278 ; -121.856944 ( Mount Diablo coal field )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Black_Diamond_Mines_Regional_Preserve', 'summary': 'The Black Diamond Mines Regional Preserve is a 6,000-acre ( 2,400 ha ) park located north of Mount Diablo in Contra Costa County , California under the administration of the East Bay Regional Park District ( EBRPD ) . The district acquired the property in 1973 . The preserve contains relics of 3 mining towns , former coal and sand mines , and offers guided tours of a former sand mine . The 60 miles ( 97 km ) of trails in the Preserve cross rolling foothill terrain covered with grassland , California oak woodland , California mixed evergreen forest , and chaparral .'}]}, {'value': 'Antioch', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Antioch,_California', 'summary': "Antioch ( formerly East Antioch , Smith 's Landing , and Marshs Landing ) is the second largest city in Contra Costa County , California , United States . Located in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area along the San Joaquin-Sacramento River Delta . The city 's population was 102,372 at the 2010 census and estimated to be 111,535 in 2018 ."}]}, {'value': '731', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Old Homestead', 'urls': []}, {'value': '993 Loring Ave 38°03′18″N 122°13′16″W / 38.054967°N 122.22115°W / 38.054967 ; -122.22115 ( The Old Homestead )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Crockett', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Crockett,_California', 'summary': 'Crockett ( formerly , Crockettville ) is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Contra Costa County , in the East Bay sub-region of the San Francisco Bay Area , California , United States . The population was 3,094 at the 2010 census . It is located 28 miles northeast of San Francisco . Other nearby communities include : Port Costa , Martinez , Vallejo , Benicia , Rodeo , Hercules , Pinole and Richmond .'}]}, {'value': '1032', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Richmond Shipyards District', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richmond_Shipyards', 'summary': 'The four Richmond Shipyards , located in the city of Richmond , California , United States , were run by Permanente Metals and part of the Kaiser Shipyards . During World War II , Richmond built more ships than any other shipyard , turning out as many as three ships in a single day . The shipyards are part of the Rosie the Riveter/World War II Home Front National Historical Park , whose the Rosie the Riveter memorial sits on the former grounds of Shipyard # 2 . Shipyard # 3 is listed on the National Register of Historic Places .'}]}, {'value': 'Historic district 37°54′22″N 122°21′53″W / 37.906194°N 122.364664°W / 37.906194 ; -122.364664 ( Richmond Shipyards District )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Richmond', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richmond,_California', 'summary': "Richmond ( /ˈrɪtʃmənd/ ) is a city in western Contra Costa County , California , United States . The city was incorporated on August 7 , 1905 and has a city council . Located in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area , Richmond borders the cities of San Pablo , Albany , El Cerrito and Pinole in addition to the unincorporated communities of North Richmond , Hasford Heights , Kensington , El Sobrante , Bayview-Montalvin Manor , Tara Hills , and East Richmond Heights , and for a short distance San Francisco on Red Rock Island in the San Francisco Bay . Richmond is one of two cities , the other being San Rafael , California , that sits on the shores of San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay simultaneously . During the mayoralty of Gayle McLaughlin , Richmond was the largest city in the United States served by a Green Party mayor . As of the 2010 U.S. Census , the city 's population is at 103,710 , making it the second largest city in the United States named Richmond . The largest , Richmond , Virginia , is the namesake of the California city ."}]}, {'value': '1002-1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Site of Giant Powder Company', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Giant_Powder_Company', 'summary': 'The Giant Powder Company was an explosives manufacturing company which operated from the mid 19th century through the first half of the 20th century , located in the San Francisco Bay Area of California . The Giant Powder Company was the first company in the United States to produce dynamite under an exclusive license from Alfred Nobel .'}]}, {'value': 'Point Pinole Regional Shoreline 37°59′32″N 122°21′19″W / 37.99226°N 122.35518°W / 37.99226 ; -122.35518 ( Site of Giant Powder Company )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Point_Pinole_Regional_Shoreline', 'summary': 'Point Pinole Regional Shoreline is a regional park on the shores of the San Pablo Bay , California ( the northern arm of the San Francisco Bay ) , in the United States . It is approximately 2,315 acres ( 9.37 km2 ) in area , and is operated by the East Bay Regional Park District . It includes the Dotson Family Marsh ( formerly Breuner Marsh ) and the Point Pinole Lagoon and hosts the North Richmond Shoreline Festival .'}]}, {'value': 'Richmond', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Richmond,_California', 'summary': "Richmond ( /ˈrɪtʃmənd/ ) is a city in western Contra Costa County , California , United States . The city was incorporated on August 7 , 1905 and has a city council . Located in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area , Richmond borders the cities of San Pablo , Albany , El Cerrito and Pinole in addition to the unincorporated communities of North Richmond , Hasford Heights , Kensington , El Sobrante , Bayview-Montalvin Manor , Tara Hills , and East Richmond Heights , and for a short distance San Francisco on Red Rock Island in the San Francisco Bay . Richmond is one of two cities , the other being San Rafael , California , that sits on the shores of San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay simultaneously . During the mayoralty of Gayle McLaughlin , Richmond was the largest city in the United States served by a Green Party mayor . As of the 2010 U.S. Census , the city 's population is at 103,710 , making it the second largest city in the United States named Richmond . The largest , Richmond , Virginia , is the namesake of the California city ."}]}, {'value': '722', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Site of the murder of Dr. John Marsh', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/John_Marsh_(pioneer)', 'summary': 'John Marsh ( June 5 , 1799 in South Danvers , Massachusetts - September 24 , 1856 in Pacheco , California ) . He was an early pioneer and settler in Alta California , the first Harvard graduate and the first to practice medicine there . He knew Hebrew , Latin and Greek , and was the first to compile a dictionary of the Sioux language . He became one of the wealthiest ranchers in California , and was one of the most influential men in the establishment of California statehood .'}]}, {'value': 'Across the street from 4575 Pacheco Blvd 38°00′19″N 122°05′15″W / 38.005317°N 122.087567°W / 38.005317 ; -122.087567 ( Site of the murder of Dr. John Marsh )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Martinez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Martinez,_California', 'summary': 'Martinez is a city in and the county seat of Contra Costa County , California , in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area . The population was 35,824 at the 2010 census . The downtown is notable for its large number of preserved old buildings and antique shops . Martinez is located on the southern shore of the Carquinez Strait in the San Francisco Bay Area , directly facing the city center of Benicia and the southeastern end of Vallejo , California .'}]}, {'value': '511', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Vicente Martinez Adobe', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alhambra Way & Hwy 4 37°59′32″N 122°07′51″W / 37.9921°N 122.130917°W / 37.9921 ; -122.130917 ( Vicente Martinez Adobe )', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Martinez', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Martinez,_California', 'summary': 'Martinez is a city in and the county seat of Contra Costa County , California , in the East Bay of the San Francisco Bay Area . The population was 35,824 at the 2010 census . The downtown is notable for its large number of preserved old buildings and antique shops . Martinez is located on the southern shore of the Carquinez Strait in the San Francisco Bay Area , directly facing the city center of Benicia and the southeastern end of Vallejo , California .'}]}], 'section_title': 'Listings', 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'California_Historical_Landmarks_in_Contra_Costa_County,_California_0', 'intro': 'List table of the properties and districts - listed on the California Historical Landmarks - within Contra Costa County, Northern California.'}
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Of the sites found in the largest city by population on the list , which is the only landmark listed in all three Historical Registries ?
Don Fernando Pacheco Adobe
04e6e5f2404afbb9
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_SEPTA_Trolley_and_Interurban_stations', 'title': 'List of SEPTA Trolley and Interurban stations', 'header': ['Station', 'Municipality', 'Structure type', 'Route ( s ) served', 'Year opened'], 'data': [{'value': '69th Street Transportation Center', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/69th_Street_Transportation_Center', 'summary': 'The 69th Street Transportation Center , also known as the 69th Street Terminal or 69th Street Station , is a SEPTA terminal in the Terminal Square section of Upper Darby , Pennsylvania , just outside the Philadelphia border . It is the other ground-level station on the Market Frankford Line besides Millbourne . SEPTA runs the following lines out of the 69th Street Transportation Center :'}]}, {'value': 'Upper Darby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Upper_Darby_Township,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': "Upper Darby Township ( often shortened to simply Upper Darby ) is a home rule township bordering Philadelphia in Delaware County , Pennsylvania , United States . Upper Darby is home to the Tower Theater , a historic music venue on 69th Street built in the 1920s . Upper Darby 's population is diverse , representing over 100 ethnic cultures . The township hosts a range of housing types including densely populated rowhouse sections similar to houses in neighboring West Philadelphia , tree-lined neighborhoods of turn-of-the-century single-family houses and mid-century developments . It is Pennsylvania 's sixth most populous municipality . Upper Darby is 65% residential , 25% commercial , and 8% other . As of the 2010 census , the township had a total population of 82,795 . Because of a home-rule charter adopted in 1974 and effective in 1976 , Upper Darby utilizes a mayor-council form of management , unlike communities that are still under the Pennsylvania Township Code . ( First Class townships in Pennsylvania have a board of commissioners and are divided into wards , and Second Class townships have a board of supervisors , which are usually elected at-large . ) Upper Darby , along with Lower Merion , Haverford , and Cheltenham form the major inner ring suburbs of Philadelphia ."}]}, {'value': 'Surface', 'urls': []}, {'value': '101 , 102', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1907', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Anderson Avenue', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Anderson_Avenue_(SEPTA_Route_101_station)', 'summary': 'Anderson Avenue station is a SEPTA Route 101 trolley stop in Drexel Hill , Pennsylvania . It is officially located near Anderson & Woodland Avenues , though the actual location is on Anderson Avenue south of Woodland Avenue . Trolleys arriving at this station travel between 69th Street Terminal in Upper Darby , Pennsylvania and Orange Street in Media , Pennsylvania . Anderson Avenue is a dead end street at this station which contains platforms on both sides of the tracks . The other platform is located across the tracks behind the parking lot of a group of condominiums on Valley Road . The station has a white and green stucco shed with a roof where people can go inside when it is raining , but it is on the side with the condominiums .'}]}, {'value': 'Upper Darby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Upper_Darby_Township,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': "Upper Darby Township ( often shortened to simply Upper Darby ) is a home rule township bordering Philadelphia in Delaware County , Pennsylvania , United States . Upper Darby is home to the Tower Theater , a historic music venue on 69th Street built in the 1920s . Upper Darby 's population is diverse , representing over 100 ethnic cultures . The township hosts a range of housing types including densely populated rowhouse sections similar to houses in neighboring West Philadelphia , tree-lined neighborhoods of turn-of-the-century single-family houses and mid-century developments . It is Pennsylvania 's sixth most populous municipality . Upper Darby is 65% residential , 25% commercial , and 8% other . As of the 2010 census , the township had a total population of 82,795 . Because of a home-rule charter adopted in 1974 and effective in 1976 , Upper Darby utilizes a mayor-council form of management , unlike communities that are still under the Pennsylvania Township Code . ( First Class townships in Pennsylvania have a board of commissioners and are divided into wards , and Second Class townships have a board of supervisors , which are usually elected at-large . ) Upper Darby , along with Lower Merion , Haverford , and Cheltenham form the major inner ring suburbs of Philadelphia ."}]}, {'value': 'Surface', 'urls': []}, {'value': '101', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1913', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Andrews Avenue', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Andrews_Avenue_(SEPTA_Route_102_station)', 'summary': 'Andrews Avenue station is SEPTA Route 102 trolley stop in Collingdale , Pennsylvania . The station is officially located at Woodlawn & Andrews Avenues . This is the third to last station stop on the Route 102 line , and the second to last stop to run along Woodlawn Avenue . Trolleys arriving at this station travel between 69th Street Terminal in Upper Darby , Pennsylvania and Chester Pike ( US 13 ) in Sharon Hill , Pennsylvania . The station has a shed with a roof where people can go inside when it is raining . This shed is located on the north side of the grade crossing with Andrews Avenue at the end of a sidewalk platform . Because the stop is in a residential area , no parking is available .'}]}, {'value': 'Collingdale', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Collingdale,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': 'Collingdale is a borough in Delaware County , Pennsylvania , United States . The population was 8,786 , at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Surface', 'urls': []}, {'value': '102', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1906', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Aronimink', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Aronimink_(SEPTA_Route_101_station)', 'summary': 'Aronimink station is SEPTA Route 101 trolley stop in the Aronimink section of Drexel Hill , Pennsylvania . It is located on Burmont Road & Morgan Avenue , although SEPTA gives the address as being near that intersection . Aronimink is one of two stops for the Media-Sharon Hill Line that cross Burmont Road . The other is south of Garrett Road at Drexel Manor along the Sharon Hill ( Route 102 ) trolley line . Trolleys arriving at this station travel between 69th Street Terminal in Upper Darby , Pennsylvania and Orange Street in Media , Pennsylvania . The station has a shed with a roof where people can go inside when it is raining . The shelter is the standard P & W Red Arrow stone shelter , similar to that of the Providence Road stop in Media , and the Woodland Avenue stop in Springfield . Free parking is not available at this stop , and all parking lots within the vicinity are the property of local businesses , including that of a local branch of the U.S. Post Office .'}]}, {'value': 'Drexel Hill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Drexel_Hill,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': 'Drexel Hill is a census-designated place ( CDP ) largely located in Upper Darby . Drexel Hill is located 7 miles ( 11 km ) west of Center City , Philadelphia and is part of the Philadelphia metropolitan area . The population was 28,043 at the 2010 census , down from 29,364 at the 2000 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Surface', 'urls': []}, {'value': '101', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1913', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Avon Road', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Avon_Road_(SEPTA_station)', 'summary': 'Avon Road station ( formerly Bywood ) is a SEPTA Media-Sharon Hill Trolley Lines in Upper Darby , Pennsylvania . It is officially located at Garrett Road & Avon Road , but Bywood Avenue is also included . The station serves both Routes 101 and 102 , and only local service is provided on both lines . The station contains two platforms with plexiglass bus-type shelters on both sides of the tracks , both of which are at the far end of each platform . A former P & W-era shelter exists across the tracks from the westbound platform , but it is completely closed and boarded up . Trolleys arriving at this station travel between 69th Street Terminal further east in Upper Darby and either Orange Street in Media , Pennsylvania for the Route 101 line , or Sharon Hill , Pennsylvania for the Route 102 line . Both lines run parallel to Garrett Road and Bywood Avenue , however the run along Garrett Road is interrupted by a curve between Sherbrook Boulevard and Avon Road .'}]}, {'value': 'Upper Darby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Upper_Darby_Township,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': "Upper Darby Township ( often shortened to simply Upper Darby ) is a home rule township bordering Philadelphia in Delaware County , Pennsylvania , United States . Upper Darby is home to the Tower Theater , a historic music venue on 69th Street built in the 1920s . Upper Darby 's population is diverse , representing over 100 ethnic cultures . The township hosts a range of housing types including densely populated rowhouse sections similar to houses in neighboring West Philadelphia , tree-lined neighborhoods of turn-of-the-century single-family houses and mid-century developments . It is Pennsylvania 's sixth most populous municipality . Upper Darby is 65% residential , 25% commercial , and 8% other . As of the 2010 census , the township had a total population of 82,795 . Because of a home-rule charter adopted in 1974 and effective in 1976 , Upper Darby utilizes a mayor-council form of management , unlike communities that are still under the Pennsylvania Township Code . ( First Class townships in Pennsylvania have a board of commissioners and are divided into wards , and Second Class townships have a board of supervisors , which are usually elected at-large . ) Upper Darby , along with Lower Merion , Haverford , and Cheltenham form the major inner ring suburbs of Philadelphia ."}]}, {'value': 'Surface', 'urls': []}, {'value': '101 , 102', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1906', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Baltimore Pike', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baltimore_Pike_(SEPTA_Route_102_station)', 'summary': "Baltimore Pike station is a SEPTA Route 102 trolley stop in Clifton Heights , Pennsylvania . It is officially located near Baltimore Pike & Odgen Street , however the shed is located on the opposite side of this intersection between Glenwood and Bridge Avenues . Trolleys arriving at this station travel between 69th Street Terminal in Upper Darby , Pennsylvania and Sharon Hill , Pennsylvania . The station has a shed with a roof where people can go inside when it is raining . Baltimore Pike is a major stop , not only because it 's a commercial strip with a SEPTA bus connection , but because the street itself is also a state highway ( State Route 2016 ) that connects U.S. 1 and U.S. 13 ."}]}, {'value': 'Clifton Heights', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clifton_Heights,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': 'Clifton Heights is a borough in Delaware County , Pennsylvania , United States , located on Darby Creek 5 miles ( 8 km ) west of downtown Philadelphia . As of the 2010 census the population was 6,652 .'}]}, {'value': 'Surface', 'urls': []}, {'value': '102', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1906', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bartram Avenue', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bartram_Avenue_(SEPTA_Route_102_station)', 'summary': 'Bartram Avenue station is a SEPTA Route 102 trolley station in Collingdale , Pennsylvania . The station is officially located at Woodlawn and Bartram Avenues . This is the fourth to last station stop on the Route 102 line , and the third to last stop to run along Woodlawn Avenue . Trolleys arriving at this station travel between 69th Street Terminal in Upper Darby , Pennsylvania and Chester Pike ( US 13 ) in Sharon Hill , Pennsylvania . Unlike the North Street stop , the Route 102 line travels on its own right-of-way on both sides of the road for which the station is named .'}]}, {'value': 'Collingdale', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Collingdale,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': 'Collingdale is a borough in Delaware County , Pennsylvania , United States . The population was 8,786 , at the 2010 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Surface', 'urls': []}, {'value': '102', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1906', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beatty Road', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beatty_Road_(SEPTA_Route_101_station)', 'summary': 'Beatty Road station is a SEPTA Route 101 trolley stop in Media , Pennsylvania . It is officially located on Beatty Road and Surrey Road , although the intersection of Beatty Road and Court House Road is much closer . Trolleys arriving at this station travel between 69th Street Terminal in Upper Darby , Pennsylvania and Orange Street in Downtown Media . The station has an open acrylic glass bus-stop like shed on the southeast corner of the railroad crossing . While no parking is officially available at this station , a parking lot across from the intersection of Beatty & Court House Roads exists for a shopping center along Baltimore Pike between North Providence and Beatty Roads . Beatty Road is the westernmost station on the Route 101 line that contains two tracks .'}]}, {'value': 'Media', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Media,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': 'Media is a borough in and the county seat of Delaware County , Pennsylvania , United States , about 13 miles ( 21 km ) west of Philadelphia . Media was incorporated in 1850 at the same time that it was named the county seat . The population was 5,327 at the 2010 census , down from 5,533 at the 2000 census . Its school district is the Rose Tree Media School District with Penncrest High School and Springton Lake Middle School . In June 2006 , it became the first fair trade town in America .'}]}, {'value': 'Surface', 'urls': []}, {'value': '101', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1913', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Beverly Boulevard', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Beverly_Boulevard_(SEPTA_station)', 'summary': 'Beverly Boulevard station ( formerly Beverly Hills ) is a SEPTA Media-Sharon Hill Trolley Line station in Upper Darby , Pennsylvania . It is officially located at Garrett Road and Bywood Avenue , but also includes Beverly Boulevard . The station serves both Routes 101 and 102 . Only local service is provided on both lines . The station contains two platforms with plexiglass bus-type shelters on both sides of the tracks . Trolleys arriving at this station travel between 69th Street Terminal further east in Upper Darby and either Orange Street in Media , Pennsylvania for the Route 101 line , or Sharon Hill , Pennsylvania for the Route 102 line . Both lines run parallel to Garrett Road and Bywood Avenue , a one-way street that runs west from the Fairfield Avenue stop . Beverly Hills is the westernmost stop where the lines runs parallel to both streets . Beverly Boulevard Station is located at the east end of the Beverly Hills Trestle , which originally went over a former right-of-way of the Newtown Square Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad , a line that ended just west of Fernwood-Yeadon Station on the Media/Elwyn Line . That ROW is now part of Naylors Run Park . Beverly Hills station is also one block west of the Hilltop Road trolley stop .'}]}, {'value': 'Upper Darby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Upper_Darby,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': "Upper Darby Township ( often shortened to simply Upper Darby ) is a home rule township bordering Philadelphia in Delaware County , Pennsylvania , United States . Upper Darby is home to the Tower Theater , a historic music venue on 69th Street built in the 1920s . Upper Darby 's population is diverse , representing over 100 ethnic cultures . The township hosts a range of housing types including densely populated rowhouse sections similar to houses in neighboring West Philadelphia , tree-lined neighborhoods of turn-of-the-century single-family houses and mid-century developments . It is Pennsylvania 's sixth most populous municipality . Upper Darby is 65% residential , 25% commercial , and 8% other . As of the 2010 census , the township had a total population of 82,795 . Because of a home-rule charter adopted in 1974 and effective in 1976 , Upper Darby utilizes a mayor-council form of management , unlike communities that are still under the Pennsylvania Township Code . ( First Class townships in Pennsylvania have a board of commissioners and are divided into wards , and Second Class townships have a board of supervisors , which are usually elected at-large . ) Upper Darby , along with Lower Merion , Haverford , and Cheltenham form the major inner ring suburbs of Philadelphia ."}]}, {'value': 'Surface', 'urls': []}, {'value': '101 , 102', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1906', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Clifton-Aldan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clifton–Aldan_(SEPTA_station)', 'summary': 'Clifton-Aldan station is a SEPTA station in Clifton Heights , Pennsylvania . It serves the Media/Elwyn Line and is nearby the Clifton-Aldan station of the SEPTA Route 102 trolley . It is located at Springfield Road and West Maryland Avenue and has a 110-space parking lot . In 2013 , this station saw 351 boardings and 329 alightings on an average weekday . The Clifton-Aldan trolley stop is officially a separate station requiring additional fare . The trolley stop is on the portion of the line where the tracks run in the streets rather than on their own right-of-way . Trolleys run beneath a narrow and low 13 feet 4 inches ( 4.06 m ) bridge over Springfield Road with a parallel pedestrian tunnel before approaching the regional railroad station . South of the station , the Route 102 line moves from Springfield Road to Woodlawn Avenue . A shelter for the northbound trolley exists on Woodlawn Avenue near the corner of Springfield Road .'}]}, {'value': 'Upper Darby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clifton_Heights,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': 'Clifton Heights is a borough in Delaware County , Pennsylvania , United States , located on Darby Creek 5 miles ( 8 km ) west of downtown Philadelphia . As of the 2010 census the population was 6,652 .'}]}, {'value': 'Sidewalk', 'urls': []}, {'value': '102', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1880', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Congress Avenue', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Congress_Avenue_(SEPTA_station)', 'summary': 'Congress Avenue station is a SEPTA Media-Sharon Hill Trolley Line stop in Upper Darby , Pennsylvania . It is located at Garrett Road and Congress Avenue , and serves both Routes 101 and 102 . Only local service is provided on both lines . The station is located on the north side of the terminus of the Congress Avenue intersection . It contains two platforms , but only one pre-fabricated shelter on the south side of the tracks . Trolleys arriving at this station travel between 69th Street Terminal in Upper Darby , Pennsylvania and either Orange Street in Media , Pennsylvania for the Route 101 line , or Sharon Hill , Pennsylvania for the Route 102 line . Both lines run parallel to Garrett Road . The station is an open stucco shelter on the south side of an athletic field shared by two Catholic high schools ; The Monsignor Bonner High School for boys and the Archbishop Prendergast High School for girls . Congress Avenue Station is located at the west end of the Beverly Hills Trestle , which originally went over a former right-of-way of the Newtown Square Branch of the Pennsylvania Railroad , a line that ended just west of Fernwood-Yeadon Station on the Media/Elwyn Line . That right of way is now part of Naylors Run Park .'}]}, {'value': 'Upper Darby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Upper_Darby,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': "Upper Darby Township ( often shortened to simply Upper Darby ) is a home rule township bordering Philadelphia in Delaware County , Pennsylvania , United States . Upper Darby is home to the Tower Theater , a historic music venue on 69th Street built in the 1920s . Upper Darby 's population is diverse , representing over 100 ethnic cultures . The township hosts a range of housing types including densely populated rowhouse sections similar to houses in neighboring West Philadelphia , tree-lined neighborhoods of turn-of-the-century single-family houses and mid-century developments . It is Pennsylvania 's sixth most populous municipality . Upper Darby is 65% residential , 25% commercial , and 8% other . As of the 2010 census , the township had a total population of 82,795 . Because of a home-rule charter adopted in 1974 and effective in 1976 , Upper Darby utilizes a mayor-council form of management , unlike communities that are still under the Pennsylvania Township Code . ( First Class townships in Pennsylvania have a board of commissioners and are divided into wards , and Second Class townships have a board of supervisors , which are usually elected at-large . ) Upper Darby , along with Lower Merion , Haverford , and Cheltenham form the major inner ring suburbs of Philadelphia ."}]}, {'value': 'Surface', 'urls': []}, {'value': '101 , 102', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1906', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Creek Road', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Creek_Road_(SEPTA_Route_102_station)', 'summary': 'Creek Road station ( formerly Oakview ) is a SEPTA Route 102 trolley stop in Drexel Hill , Pennsylvania . It is located at the end of Station Road north of Creek Road ( although SEPTA gives the address as being at Darby Creek Road at Railroad ) within Indian Rock Park , a 21.9-acre ( 89,000 m2 ) Natural Environmental Park in Drexel Hill , containing picnic tables , playground equipment , basketball courts , and Darby Creek . Trolleys arriving at this station travel between 69th Street Terminal in Upper Darby , Pennsylvania and Sharon Hill , Pennsylvania . Oakview might have little significance were it not for the fact that the stop is near the bridge over Darby Creek and Creek Road . Besides the aforementioned features within Indian Rock Park , the street leads to a historic Swedish Log Cabin built sometime around 1654 , which is believed to be the oldest log house in North America .'}]}, {'value': 'Drexel Hill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Drexel_Hill,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': 'Drexel Hill is a census-designated place ( CDP ) largely located in Upper Darby . Drexel Hill is located 7 miles ( 11 km ) west of Center City , Philadelphia and is part of the Philadelphia metropolitan area . The population was 28,043 at the 2010 census , down from 29,364 at the 2000 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Surface', 'urls': []}, {'value': '102', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1906', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Drexel Hill Junction', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Drexel_Hill_Junction_(SEPTA_station)', 'summary': 'Drexel Hill Junction ( also known as Shadeland Avenue ) is a SEPTA Media-Sharon Hill Trolley Line station in Drexel Hill , Pennsylvania . It is located near Hillcrest Road and Shadeland Avenue , and serves both Routes 101 and 102 . Drexel Hill Junction is the last stop where Routes 101 and 102 share the same right-of-way . Trolleys arriving at this station travel between 69th Street Terminal in Upper Darby , Pennsylvania and either Orange Street in Media , Pennsylvania for the Route 101 line , or Sharon Hill , Pennsylvania for the Route 102 line . The station has three covered sheds where people can go inside when it is raining , two of which are along the Route 101 line , and one of which is along the Route 102 line . It serves as a stop for both local and express lines . The tracks split between Shadeland and Turner Avenues . A storage track exists between the wye that terminates across from the intersection of Turner and Berry Avenues . No parking is available at this station , and bus connections are limited . The sheds include an original P & W-era stone shelter on the southeast corner of Shadeland Avenue with a heavy gabled roof and green window frames with no glass . The shelter on the northeast corner of Shadeland Avenue is a square green stucco shelter with both an enclosed and open area , and an angled-roof tilting slightly down towards Hillcrest Road .'}]}, {'value': 'Drexel Hill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Drexel_Hill,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': 'Drexel Hill is a census-designated place ( CDP ) largely located in Upper Darby . Drexel Hill is located 7 miles ( 11 km ) west of Center City , Philadelphia and is part of the Philadelphia metropolitan area . The population was 28,043 at the 2010 census , down from 29,364 at the 2000 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Surface', 'urls': []}, {'value': '101 , 102', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Drexel Manor', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Drexel_Manor_(SEPTA_Route_102_station)', 'summary': 'Drexel Manor station is a SEPTA Route 102 trolley station in Drexel Hill , Pennsylvania . The station is officially located near Burmont Road and Cheswold Road , although it is actually southwest of the Burmont Road grade crossing . Like the Marshall Road stop , the Route 102 line runs in between Cheswold and Blanchard Roads , both of which terminate at Burmont Road . Two schools are located in the vicinity of this station . Trolleys arriving at this station travel between 69th Street Terminal in Upper Darby , Pennsylvania and Sharon Hill , Pennsylvania . The station contains an open concrete shelter on the northbound platform of the tracks with a connecting sidewalk between two houses on Blanchard Road . On the opposite side , the southbound platform can be found in front of a parking lot for a housing project across from the intersection of Cheswold and Lasher Roads . A vacant lot on the southeast corner of the Burmont Road grade crossing could have served as the site of a former station house in the past . A sidewalk along Cheswold Road leads to the platform , and a retaining wall across the tracks may or may not have included another one at one time . Drexel Manor Station is located two blocks southwest of the Garrettford stop .'}]}, {'value': 'Drexel Hill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Drexel_Hill,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': 'Drexel Hill is a census-designated place ( CDP ) largely located in Upper Darby . Drexel Hill is located 7 miles ( 11 km ) west of Center City , Philadelphia and is part of the Philadelphia metropolitan area . The population was 28,043 at the 2010 census , down from 29,364 at the 2000 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Surface', 'urls': []}, {'value': '102', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Drexel Park', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Drexel_Park_(SEPTA_station)', 'summary': 'Drexel Park station ( also known as Fairfax Road ) is a SEPTA Media-Sharon Hill Trolley Line stop in Drexel Hill , Pennsylvania . It is located on Fairfax Road between Hillcrest and Garrett Roads and serves both Routes 101 and 102 . Only local service is provided on both lines . Trolleys arriving at this station travel between 69th Street Terminal in Upper Darby , Pennsylvania and either Orange Street in Media , Pennsylvania for the Route 101 line , or Sharon Hill , Pennsylvania for the Route 102 line . Despite the name , the closest thing to a park at this stop is located further north at Arlington Cemetery of Drexel Hill . Because the stop is in a residential area , there is no parking available . This community was named as one of the top ten neighborhoods in the Philadelphia area by PhillyMag.com .'}]}, {'value': 'Drexel Hill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Drexel_Hill,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': 'Drexel Hill is a census-designated place ( CDP ) largely located in Upper Darby . Drexel Hill is located 7 miles ( 11 km ) west of Center City , Philadelphia and is part of the Philadelphia metropolitan area . The population was 28,043 at the 2010 census , down from 29,364 at the 2000 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Surface', 'urls': []}, {'value': '101 , 102', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Drexelbrook', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Drexelbrook_(SEPTA_Route_101_station)', 'summary': 'Drexelbrook station is a SEPTA Route 101 trolley stop in Drexel Hill , Pennsylvania . It is officially located near Stanbridge Road and Woodland Avenue in the Drexelbrook area , however the actual grade crossing and platforms are on Wildell Road south of Woodland Avenue and north of Revere Road and Drexelbrook Drive . Trolleys arriving at this station travel between 69th Street Terminal in Upper Darby , Pennsylvania and Orange Street in Media , Pennsylvania . The station has a shed with a roof where people can go inside when it is raining on one platform and a bench on the other . No parking is available at this station .'}]}, {'value': 'Drexel Hill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Drexel_Hill,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': 'Drexel Hill is a census-designated place ( CDP ) largely located in Upper Darby . Drexel Hill is located 7 miles ( 11 km ) west of Center City , Philadelphia and is part of the Philadelphia metropolitan area . The population was 28,043 at the 2010 census , down from 29,364 at the 2000 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Surface', 'urls': []}, {'value': '101', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Drexeline', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Drexeline_(SEPTA_Route_101_station)', 'summary': 'Drexeline station is a SEPTA Route 101 trolley stop in Drexel Hill , Pennsylvania . It is located near Woodland Avenue behind Drexeline Shopping Center in the Drexelbrook area . It is also located northeast of a bridge over Darby Creek near Indian Rock Park , a 21.9-acre ( 89,000 m2 ) Natural Environmental Park , containing picnic tables , playground equipment , and basketball courts . Drexeline is the closest stop on the entire Media-Sharon Hill trolley line system to US 1 . Trolleys arriving at this station travel between 69th Street Terminal in Upper Darby , Pennsylvania and Orange Street in Media , Pennsylvania . Free parking is available at this station , although it is primarily designed for patrons of the shopping center . Until the Springfield Mall opened in 1974 , Drexeline was the only stop along the Media line that served a shopping plaza of any kind . Today at least four stops serve shopping centers , and two of them serve the same one in Media .'}]}, {'value': 'Drexel Hill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Drexel_Hill,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': 'Drexel Hill is a census-designated place ( CDP ) largely located in Upper Darby . Drexel Hill is located 7 miles ( 11 km ) west of Center City , Philadelphia and is part of the Philadelphia metropolitan area . The population was 28,043 at the 2010 census , down from 29,364 at the 2000 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Surface', 'urls': []}, {'value': '101', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Edgemont Street', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edgemont_Street_(SEPTA_Route_101_station)', 'summary': "SEPTA Routes 101 and 102 , also known as the Media-Sharon Hill Line , are light rail lines operated by the Suburban Transit Division of the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority , serving portions of Delaware County . The routes ' eastern terminus is 69th Street Transportation Center in Upper Darby , Pennsylvania ; Route 101 to Media , Route 102 to Sharon Hill . Altogether , the two lines operate on approximately 11.9 miles ( 19.2 km ) of route . The lines were formerly interurbans . Along with the Norristown High Speed Line , formerly the Philadelphia and Western Railroad , the routes are the remaining lines of the Red Arrow Trolley System once operated by the Philadelphia Suburban Transportation Company ( successor to the Philadelphia and West Chester Traction Company ) ; some local residents still call them Red Arrow . This route uses 29 Kawasaki Heavy Industries Rolling Stock Company K cars similar to those used on the SEPTA Subway-Surface Trolley Lines . However , unlike the city cars , the K cars on Routes 101 and 102 are double-ended and use pantograph collection instead of trolley poles ."}]}, {'value': 'Media', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Media,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': 'Media is a borough in and the county seat of Delaware County , Pennsylvania , United States , about 13 miles ( 21 km ) west of Philadelphia . Media was incorporated in 1850 at the same time that it was named the county seat . The population was 5,327 at the 2010 census , down from 5,533 at the 2000 census . Its school district is the Rose Tree Media School District with Penncrest High School and Springton Lake Middle School . In June 2006 , it became the first fair trade town in America .'}]}, {'value': 'Sidewalk', 'urls': []}, {'value': '101', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1913', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Fairfield Avenue', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fairfield_Avenue_(SEPTA_station)', 'summary': 'Fairfield Avenue station is a SEPTA Media-Sharon Hill Trolley Line station in Upper Darby , Pennsylvania . It is officially located at Fairfield Avenue and Terminal Square , but the intersection also includes Bywood Avenue , which is a one-way street running west along the lines until the Beverly Boulevard station . The stop serves both Routes 101 and 102 . Only local service is provided on both lines . This station is the penultimate stop on the Media-Sharon Hill Trolleys before reaching the 69th Street Terminal . The Upper Darby Post Office can be found on the north side of the station . The parking lot adjacent to the station is privately owned serving mainly a church and an H Mart . Trolleys arriving at this station travel between 69th Street Terminal just to the northeast , and either Orange Street in Media , Pennsylvania for the Route 101 line , or Sharon Hill , Pennsylvania for the Route 102 line . Trolleys arriving from either Media or Sharon Hill run on a right-of-way along Bywood Avenue in the opposite direction of the street , while those leaving 69th Street run along the median of Terminal Square . It contains two platforms , but only one pre-fabricated shelter on the south side of the tracks . While part of the given address is at Terminal Square , both platforms and the shed are actually located on Bywood Avenue south of Fairfield Avenue .'}]}, {'value': 'Upper Darby', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Upper_Darby,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': "Upper Darby Township ( often shortened to simply Upper Darby ) is a home rule township bordering Philadelphia in Delaware County , Pennsylvania , United States . Upper Darby is home to the Tower Theater , a historic music venue on 69th Street built in the 1920s . Upper Darby 's population is diverse , representing over 100 ethnic cultures . The township hosts a range of housing types including densely populated rowhouse sections similar to houses in neighboring West Philadelphia , tree-lined neighborhoods of turn-of-the-century single-family houses and mid-century developments . It is Pennsylvania 's sixth most populous municipality . Upper Darby is 65% residential , 25% commercial , and 8% other . As of the 2010 census , the township had a total population of 82,795 . Because of a home-rule charter adopted in 1974 and effective in 1976 , Upper Darby utilizes a mayor-council form of management , unlike communities that are still under the Pennsylvania Township Code . ( First Class townships in Pennsylvania have a board of commissioners and are divided into wards , and Second Class townships have a board of supervisors , which are usually elected at-large . ) Upper Darby , along with Lower Merion , Haverford , and Cheltenham form the major inner ring suburbs of Philadelphia ."}]}, {'value': 'Surface', 'urls': []}, {'value': '101 , 102', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1906', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Garrettford', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Garrettford_(SEPTA_Route_102_station)', 'summary': "Garrettford station is a SEPTA Route 102 trolley stop in Drexel Hill , Pennsylvania . It is officially located at Edmonds Avenue and Garrett Road , however , the actual location is at the intersection of Edmonds Avenue , Jones Street and Mill Lane , which is south of Garrett Road . The trolley line crosses the aforementioned intersection at the southwest corner of Edmonds Avenue and Jones Street , to the northeast corner of Edmonds Avenue and Mill Lane . Trolleys arriving at this station travel between 69th Street Terminal in Upper Darby , Pennsylvania and Sharon Hill , Pennsylvania . Garrettford is the first/last stop along the Route 102 line that does n't share a right-of-way with the Route 101 line to Media , Pennsylvania . The station has a shed with a roof where people can go inside when it is raining . This shed is located on the southwest corner of Edmonds Avenue & Jones Street along the east side of the tracks . An abandoned parking lot exists at the southeast corner of Edmonds Avenue & Garrett Road along the west side of the tracks ."}]}, {'value': 'Drexel Hill', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Drexel_Hill,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': 'Drexel Hill is a census-designated place ( CDP ) largely located in Upper Darby . Drexel Hill is located 7 miles ( 11 km ) west of Center City , Philadelphia and is part of the Philadelphia metropolitan area . The population was 28,043 at the 2010 census , down from 29,364 at the 2000 census .'}]}, {'value': 'Surface', 'urls': []}, {'value': '102', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': 'Media–Sharon Hill Line stations', 'section_text': 'Further information : SEPTA Routes 101 and 102 All stations are located in Delaware County , Pennsylvania and were inherited from the Philadelphia Suburban Transportation Company ( PSTC ) .', 'uid': 'List_of_SEPTA_Trolley_and_Interurban_stations_1', 'intro': "The Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) contains several trolley lines and interurban lines. SEPTA's City Transit Division operates five Subway-Surface Trolley Lines, and one Heritage trolley (Route 15), all of which were inherited from the former Philadelphia Transportation Company and originally built by the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company. The Suburban Transit Division operates the Media-Sharon Hill Lines (Routes 101 and 102), which were built by P&WC and later inherited by PSTC. Operation of these two lines were taken over by SEPTA in 1970."}
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What is the population of the Municipality where the Congress Avenue station is located ?
82,795
04e8e645d7a81757
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_IAAF_World_Half_Marathon_Championships', 'title': '2003 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships', 'header': ['Rank', 'Athlete', 'Nationality', 'Time'], 'data': [{'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Paula Radcliffe', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Paula_Radcliffe', 'summary': "Paula Jane Radcliffe , MBE ( born 17 December 1973 ) is a British long-distance runner . She is a three-time winner of the London Marathon ( 2002 , 2003 , 2005 ) , three-time New York Marathon champion ( 2004 , 2007 , 2008 ) , and 2002 Chicago Marathon winner . She was previously the fastest female marathoner of all time , and held the Women 's World Marathon Record with a time of 2:15:25 for 16 years from 2003 to 2019 when it was broken by Brigid Kosgei . Radcliffe is a former world champion in the marathon , half marathon and cross country . She has also been European champion over 10,000 metres and in cross country . On the track , Radcliffe won the 10,000 metres silver medal at the 1999 World Championships and was the 2002 Commonwealth champion at 5000 metres . She represented Great Britain at the Olympics in four consecutive games ( 1996 to 2008 ) , although she never won an Olympic medal . Her running has earned her a number of accolades including the BBC Sports Personality of the Year , Laureus World Comeback of the Year , IAAF World Athlete of the Year , AIMS World Athlete of the Year ( three times ) and a Member of the Order of the British Empire ( MBE ) . She has also been nominated for World Sportswoman of the year on several occasions . In 2010 , she was inducted into the England Athletics Hall of Fame . She ended her competitive running career at the 2015 London Marathon ."}]}, {'value': 'Great Britain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_Kingdom', 'summary': "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north\xadwestern coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north\xadeastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ."}]}, {'value': '1:07:35', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Berhane Adere', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Berhane_Adere', 'summary': "Berhane Adere Debala ( Ge'ez : ብርሀኔ አደሬ born 21 July 1973 in Shewa ) is an Ethiopian long-distance runner who specialises in the 10,000 metres and the half marathon . She was world champion over 10,000 m in 2003 and world champion in the half marathon in 2002 . Berhane works for UNICEF as a goodwill ambassador for girls ' education . Berhane held the African record for 10,000 metres in a time of 30:04.18 , set at the 2003 World Championships , where she won gold . The African record was broken at the 2008 Olympics by Tirunesh Dibaba , who became the first African to run under 30 minutes . Berhane won the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships in 2002 , and the bronze medal in the 2001 World Half Marathon Championships . She was the gold medallist over 3000 metres at the 2003 IAAF World Indoor Championships She won the 2006 Chicago Marathon with a personal best time of 2:20:42 . She won the Chicago Marathon again in 2007 and the Dubai Marathon on 18 January 2008 . Berhane also won the 2007 Ras Al Khaimah Half Marathon . She was the top female finisher in the 2010 Rock n Roll Mardi Gras Marathon , in which she recorded the fastest ever half marathon on American soil with a time of 1:07:52 , breaking her previous best by over 25 seconds . At age 36 , that should also be the Masters world record . She saw off a challenge from Ana Dulce Félix to win at the Great North Run in September , completing the half marathon in 1:08:49 ."}]}, {'value': 'Ethiopia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Ethiopia', 'summary': "Ethiopia ( /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/ ; Amharic : ኢትዮጵያ , ʾĪtyōṗṗyā , listen ( help·info ) , Tigrinya : ኢትዮጵያ , Oromo : Itiyoophiyaa , Somali : Itoobiya , Afar : Itiyoophiyaa ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia , is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north , Djibouti to the northeast , Somalia , and the de facto state of Somaliland to the east , Kenya to the south , South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest . With over 109 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent with a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres ( 420,000 sq mi ) . Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa , which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates . Some of the oldest skeletal evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BCE , Ethiopia 's governmental system was a monarchy for most of its history . Oral literature tells that the monarchy was founded by the Solomonic dynasty of the Queen of Sheba , under its first king , Menelik I . In the first centuries , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . During the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , Ethiopia and Liberia were two nations that preserved their sovereignty from long-term colonisation by a European colonial power and many newly-independent nations on the continent subsequently adopted its flag colours . However , the country was later occupied by Italy in 1936 and became Italian Ethiopia ( part of Italian East Africa ) until it was liberated during World War II ."}]}, {'value': '1:09:02', 'urls': []}, {'value': '', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Benita Johnson', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Benita_Johnson', 'summary': "Benita Jaye Willis , born on 6 May 1979 in Mackay , Queensland is an Australian long-distance runner , who is a three-time national champion in the women 's 5,000 metres . Her foremost achievement is a gold medal in the long race at the 2004 IAAF World Cross Country Championships . She has also won team medals at that competition on two occasions . She has competed at the Summer Olympics four times ( 2000 , 2004 , 2008 , 2012 ) and has twice represented Australia at the Commonwealth Games ( 2002 , 2006 ) . At the 2003 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships she won the bronze medal with a time of 1:09:26 hours . In 2004 , she won the 8K at the 2004 IAAF World Cross Country Championships and also the women 's half marathon title at the Great North Run . She was 24th in the 10,000 metres at the 2004 Olympic Games . At the 2006 IAAF World Cross Country Championships she won her second career medal at the event by coming fourth in the short race and helping the Australian women to the team bronze medal . She set a time of 2:22:36 at the 2006 Chicago Marathon , a new Australian national record and an Oceania area record . She won the Berlin Half Marathon in 2007 in a personal best time of 1:08.28 hours . Her third international cross country medal came at the 2008 IAAF World Cross Country Championships as she finished eleventh in the long race to lead Australia to third on the team podium . She finished third at the 2010 Great Ireland Run , recording a time of 34:28 ."}]}, {'value': 'Australia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Australia', 'summary': "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ."}]}, {'value': '1:09:26', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lidiya Grigoryeva', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lidiya_Grigoryeva', 'summary': 'Lidiya Grigoryeva ( Russian : Лидия Григорьева ; born 25 January 1974 in Smychka , Chuvash ASSR ) is a Russian long-distance runner from the Chuvashia region .'}]}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '1:09:32', 'urls': []}, {'value': '5', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Constantina Diţă-Tomescu', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Constantina_Diţă-Tomescu', 'summary': 'Constantina Diță ( formerly Constantina Diță-Tomescu born on January 23 , 1970 in Turburea , Gorj County ) , is a Romanian long-distance runner , who specializes mainly in the half marathon and marathon . She was the marathon gold medallist at the 2008 Beijing Olympics , having previously won a bronze medal at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics . She also represented her country at the Olympics in 2000 and 2004 . She has a marathon best of 2:21:30 hours . She was the champion at the 2005 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships - the first Romanian to win that honour . She was the 2004 Chicago Marathon winner .'}]}, {'value': 'Romania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romania', 'summary': "Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania ."}]}, {'value': '1:10:05', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alla Zhilyayeva', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alla_Zhilyayeva', 'summary': "Alla Nikolayevna Zhilyaeva ( Russian : Алла Николаевна Жиляева ; born 5 February 1969 ) is a female long-distance runner from Russia . She set a Russian national record for the women 's 10,000 metres at the 2003 World Championships in Athletics , with a time of 30:23.07 ."}]}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '1:10:13', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Lyudmila Biktasheva', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Lyudmila_Biktasheva', 'summary': 'Lyudmila Marsovna Biktasheva ( Cyrillic : Людмила Марсовна Бикташева ; born 25 July 1974 in Kamensk-Uralsky ) is a Russian athlete competing in the long-distance events . She represented her country at the 2000 Summer Olympics in the 10,000 metres finishing 13th in the final . She won the bronze medal in the same event at the 2002 European Championships .'}]}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '1:10:31', 'urls': []}, {'value': '8', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Susan Chepkemei', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Susan_Chepkemei', 'summary': 'Susan Chepkemei ( born 25 June 1975 in Komol , West Pokot District ) is a female Kenyan long-distance runner , who competes in the 10,000 metres and marathon . In 2001 , she won the Rotterdam Marathon and came first in the Great North Run , as well as winning the silver medal in the World Half Marathon Championships . She won also won the silver medal at the 2002 Commonwealth Games in the 10,000 m .'}]}, {'value': 'Kenya', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Kenya', 'summary': "Kenya ( /ˈkɛnjə/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Kenya ( Swahili : Jamhuri ya Kenya ) , is a country in Africa with 47 semiautonomous counties governed by elected governors . At 580,367 square kilometres ( 224,081 sq mi ) , Kenya is the world 's 48th largest country by total area . With a population of more than 47.6 million people , Kenya is the 29th most populous country . Kenya 's capital and largest city is Nairobi , while its oldest city and first capital is the coastal city of Mombasa . Kisumu City is the third largest city and also an inland port on Lake Victoria . Other important urban centres include Nakuru and Eldoret . Kenya is bordered by South Sudan to the northwest , Ethiopia to the north , Somalia to the east , Uganda to the west , Tanzania to the south , and the Indian Ocean to the southeast . According to archaeological dating of associated artifacts and skeletal material , the Cushites first settled in the lowlands of Kenya between 3,200 and 1,300 BC , a phase referred to as the Lowland Savanna Pastoral Neolithic . Nilotic-speaking pastoralists ( ancestral to Kenya 's Nilotic speakers ) started migrating from present-day southern Sudan into Kenya around 500 BC . European colonisation of Kenya began in the 19th century during the European exploration of the interior . Modern-day Kenya emerged from a protectorate established by the British Empire in 1895 and the subsequent Kenya Colony , which began in 1920 . Numerous disputes between the UK and the colony led to the Mau Mau revolution , which began in 1952 , and the subsequent declaration of independence in 1963 ."}]}, {'value': '1:10:35', 'urls': []}, {'value': '9', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mikie Takanaka', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': '1:10:36', 'urls': []}, {'value': '10', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Alina Ivanova', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Alina_Ivanova', 'summary': "Alina Petrovna Ivanova ( Russian : Алина Петровна Иванова ; born March 16 , 1969 in Kildishevo , Yadrinsky District , Chuvash ASSR ) is a retired Russian race walker , best known for winning the gold medal in the women 's 10 km walk at the 1991 World Championships in Tokyo , Japan . She represented the Unified Team at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona , Spain . She changed to the marathon run later in her career and was a two-time winner at both the Prague International Marathon and the Dublin Marathon ."}]}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '1:10:59', 'urls': []}, {'value': '11', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Helena Javornik', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Helena_Javornik', 'summary': 'Helena Javornik ( born 26 March 1966 , in Celje ) is a Slovenian long-distance runner who has specialized in all distances from 1500 metres to the marathon race . She holds the current national record in 10,000 m with 31:06.63 minutes , achieved at the 2004 Summer Olympics . She won the Ljubljana Marathon three times consecutively between 1996 and 1998 . Her course record of 2:32:33 went unbettered for eleven years . She tested positive for EPO in March 2008 and was banned for two years by the International Association of Athletics Federations in June 2008 . The ban was upheld by the Court of Arbitration for Sport ; she will next be eligible to compete in June 2010 . [ needs update ]'}]}, {'value': 'Slovenia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Slovenia', 'summary': 'Slovenia ( /sloʊˈviːniə , slə-/ ( listen ) sloh-VEE-nee-ə ; Slovene : Slovenija [ slɔˈʋèːnija ] ) , officially the Republic of Slovenia ( Slovene : Republika Slovenija ( help·info ) , abbr . : RS ) , is a country located in Europe at the crossroads of main European cultural and trade routes . It is bordered by Italy to the west , Austria to the north , Hungary to the northeast , Croatia to the southeast , and the Adriatic Sea to the southwest . Slovenia covers 20,273 square kilometers ( 7,827 sq mi ) and has a population of 2.084 million . One of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia , Slovenia is now a parliamentary republic and member nation of the European Union , United Nations , and NATO . The capital and largest city is Ljubljana . Slovenia has a mostly mountainous terrain with a mainly continental climate , with the exception of the Slovene Littoral , which has a sub-Mediterranean climate , and of the Julian Alps in the northwest , which have an Alpine climate . Additionally , the Dinaric Alps and the Pannonian Plain meet on the territory of Slovenia . The country , marked by a significant biological diversity , is one of the most water-rich in Europe , with a dense river network , a rich aquifer system , and significant karst underground watercourses . Over half of the territory is covered by forest . The human settlement of Slovenia is dispersed and uneven . Slovenia has historically been the crossroads of Slavic , Germanic , and Romance languages and cultures .'}]}, {'value': '1:11:17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '12', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sylvia Mosqueda', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sylvia_Mosqueda', 'summary': 'Sylvia Mosqueda ( born April 8 , 1966 in Los Angeles , California ) is an American long distance runner notable for hard front running over an extended career at an elite level .'}]}, {'value': 'United States', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/United_States', 'summary': "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ."}]}, {'value': '1:11:22', 'urls': []}, {'value': '13', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Takako Kotorida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Takako_Kotorida', 'summary': "Takako Kotorida ( 小鳥田 貴子 , Kotorida Takako ) ( born 2 April 1977 ) is a Japanese former long-distance runner . She was a member of DEODEO Athletic Club for Women . She represented her country at the 2002 Asian Games and placed fourth in the women 's 10,000 metres . As part of the Japanese national marathon relay team , she was winner of the Yokohama International Women 's Ekiden in 1999 and 2000 , and was the Beijing International Ekiden champion in 2001 . She competed at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships on three occasions and was part of Japan 's silver medal-winning women 's team in both 2001 and 2003 . Kotorida was a silver medallist in the half marathon at the 2001 East Asian Games ."}]}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': '1:11:37', 'urls': []}, {'value': '14', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yesenia Centeno', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yesenia_Centeno', 'summary': "Yesenia Centeno Sousa [ a ] ( born June 27 , 1971 in Ciego de Ávila , Cuba ) is a Spanish marathon runner . In 2003 , she adopted Spanish nationality in order to compete internationally for the marathon . Five years later , she achieved a top-ten finish at the Fortis Rotterdam Marathon , and also , set her personal best time of 2:31:16 by finishing fourth at the Hamburg Marathon . At age thirty-seven , Centeno made her official debut for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , where she competed in the women 's marathon , along with her compatriots Alessandra Aguilar and María José Pueyo . She finished the race in forty-fifth place by less than a second ahead of Portugal 's Ana Dias , with a time of 2:36:25 . Centeno is a member of Club Atletico Valencia Terra i Mar in Valencia , Spain , being coached and trained by Guillermo Ferrero . In 2009 , she tested positive for illegal substances , Methandriol and Furosemide , and was subsequently disqualified for two years ."}]}, {'value': 'Spain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Spain', 'summary': "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ."}]}, {'value': '1:11:53', 'urls': []}, {'value': '15', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Luminița Talpoș', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Luminița_Talpoș', 'summary': 'Luminiţa Talpoş ( born October 9 , 1972 in Craiova , Dolj ) is a female long-distance runner from Romania , who specialized in the marathon race during her career .'}]}, {'value': 'Romania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Romania', 'summary': "Romania ( /roʊˈmeɪniə/ ( listen ) ro-MAY-nee-ə ; Romanian : România [ romɨˈni.a ] ( listen ) ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central , Eastern , and Southeastern Europe . It has borders with the Black Sea to the southeast , Bulgaria to the south , Ukraine to the north , Hungary to the west , Serbia to the southwest , and Moldova to the east . It has a predominantly temperate-continental climate . With a total area of 238,397 square kilometers ( 92,046 square miles ) , Romania is the 8th largest country and also the 6th most populous member state of the European Union , having almost 20 million inhabitants . Its capital and largest city is Bucharest , and other major urban areas include Cluj-Napoca , Timișoara , Iași , Constanța , Craiova , Brașov , and Galați . The River Danube , Europe 's second-longest river , rises in Germany 's Black Forest and flows in a general southeast direction for 2,857 km ( 1,775 mi ) , coursing through ten countries before emptying into Romania 's Danube Delta . The Carpathian Mountains , which cross Romania from the north to the southwest , include Moldoveanu Peak , at an altitude of 2,544 m ( 8,346 ft ) . Modern Romania was formed in 1859 through a personal union of the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia . The new state , officially named Romania since 1866 , gained independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1877 . Following World War I after declaring its neutrality in 1914 , when Romania fought on the side of the Allied powers starting with 1916 , Bukovina , Bessarabia , Transylvania as well as parts of Banat , Crișana , and Maramureș became part of the sovereign Kingdom of Romania . In June-August 1940 , as a consequence of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact and Second Vienna Award , Romania was compelled to cede Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to the Soviet Union , and Northern Transylvania to Hungary . In November 1940 , Romania signed the Tripartite Pact and , consequently , in June 1941 entered World War II on the Axis side , fighting against the Soviet Union until August 1944 , when it joined the Allies and recovered Northern Transylvania ."}]}, {'value': '1:12:02', 'urls': []}, {'value': '16', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Risa Hagiwara', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': '1:12:10', 'urls': []}, {'value': '17', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Galina Bogomolova', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Galina_Bogomolova', 'summary': 'Galina Yevgeniyevna Bogomolova ( Russian : Галина Евгеньевна Богомолова ) ( born 15 October 1977 ) is a Russian long-distance runner , who specializes in the 10,000 metres and the marathon . Bogomolova won the Rome City Marathon in 2008 in 2:22:53 , which was the fastest marathon recorded in Italy at the time . Two years earlier she had set her personal best of 2:20:47 , realized in the 2006 Chicago Marathon . Bogomolova has also had success in cross country running : she took individual silver and team gold at the 2002 European Cross Country Championships and won the 2002 edition of the Lotto Cross Cup Brussels .'}]}, {'value': 'Russia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Russia', 'summary': "Russia ( Russian : Росси́я , tr . Rossiya , IPA : [ rɐˈsʲijə ] ) , or the Russian Federation , [ e ] is a European country located in Eastern Europe with a vast expanse of territory that stretches across Northern Asia . At 17,125,200 square kilometres ( 6,612,100 sq mi ) , it is by far the largest country in the world by area , covering more than one-eighth of the Earth 's inhabited land area , spanning eleven time zones , and bordering 16 sovereign nations . The territory of Russia extends from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east , and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south . With 146.7 million inhabitants living in the country 's 85 federal subjects as of 2020 , Russia is the most populous nation in Europe and the ninth-most populous nation in the world . Russia 's capital and largest city is Moscow ; other major urban areas include Saint Petersburg , Novosibirsk , Yekaterinburg , Nizhny Novgorod , Kazan and Chelyabinsk . The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD . Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants , the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century . In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire , beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium . Rus ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states , until it was finally reunified by the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th century . By the 18th century , the nation had greatly expanded through conquest , annexation , and exploration to become the Russian Empire , which was the third largest empire in history , stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east . Following the Russian Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic ( Russian SFSR ) became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ( USSR/Soviet Union ) , the world 's first constitutionally socialist state ."}]}, {'value': '1:12:12', 'urls': []}, {'value': '18', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Corinne Raux', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Corinne_Raux', 'summary': 'Corinne Raux , born 16 August 1976 at Combourg , is a French duathlete who was duathon world champion in 2002 . She also practiced the marathon successfully , taking 15th in the 2004 Athens Olympic marathon .'}]}, {'value': 'France', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/France', 'summary': "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ."}]}, {'value': '1:12:17', 'urls': []}, {'value': '19', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Yumiko Hara', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Yumiko_Hara', 'summary': "Yumiko Hara ( Japanese : 原裕美子 , born 9 January 1982 in Ashikaga , Tochigi ) is a Japanese marathon runner . She has represented Japan at two World Championships in Athletics and had won marathons in Nagoya , Osaka and Hokkaido . She started out as a 10,000 metres track runner but she changed to road running at a relatively young age . She set a half marathon best at the 2002 Miyazaki Women 's Road Race , where her time of 1:09:28 brought her third place behind Mizuki Noguchi and Mikie Takanaka . Running at the Sapporo Half Marathon in 2003 she finished with a time not far from her personal best ( 1:09:37 ) to take second place behind Catherine Ndereba , who set a course record . Over this period she competed at the IAAF World Half Marathon Championships and although she failed to finish at the 2002 edition , she managed 19th place the following year . Hara made her debut over the classic distance at the 2005 Nagoya Marathon , which she won in a time of 2:24:19 , and she went on to finish sixth at the 2005 World Championships . She achieved a personal best time of 2:23:48 hours when she won the 2007 Osaka Ladies Marathon . Having won in a sub-2:26 time , she received automatic selection for the World Championship marathon , also in Osaka , later that year . She was eighteenth at the 2007 World Championships . She returned to the Nagoya course in 2008 but could not repeat her previous success as she fell behind the leading pack at 31 km and finished in fourth place . Hara took third at the 2009 Osaka Ladies Marathon , but did not compete for over a year after the run ."}]}, {'value': 'Japan', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Japan', 'summary': "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ."}]}, {'value': '1:12:21', 'urls': []}, {'value': '20', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bruna Genovese', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bruna_Genovese', 'summary': 'Bruna Genovese ( born 24 September 1976 in Montebelluna ) is an Italian long-distance runner who specializes in the marathon race .'}]}, {'value': 'Italy', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Italy', 'summary': "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ."}]}, {'value': '1:12:38', 'urls': []}], 'section_title': "Race results -- Women 's", 'section_text': '', 'uid': '2003_IAAF_World_Half_Marathon_Championships_1', 'intro': "The 12th IAAF World Half Marathon Championships was held on October 4, 2003 in Vilamoura, Portugal. A total of 171 athletes, 98 men and 73 women, from 49 countries took part. Detailed reports on the event and an appraisal of the results were given both\nfor the men's race and for the women's race. Complete results were published for the men's race, for the women's race, for men's team, and for women's team."}
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What body of water lies southeast of the home country of the fifth place runner at the 2003 IAAF World Half Marathon Championships ?
Black Sea
04ea1de9170f9486
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Delta_Sigma_Theta_chapters', 'title': 'List of Delta Sigma Theta chapters', 'header': ['Name', 'Chartered', 'Institution', 'Location'], 'data': [{'value': 'Iota Alpha', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'December 11 , 1971', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'James Madison University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/James_Madison_University', 'summary': 'James Madison University ( also known as JMU , Madison , or James Madison ) is a public research university in Harrisonburg , Virginia . Founded in 1908 as the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg , the institution was renamed Madison College in 1938 in honor of President James Madison and then James Madison University in 1977 . The university is situated in the Shenandoah Valley , just west of Massanutten Mountain .'}]}, {'value': 'Harrisonburg , Virginia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Harrisonburg,_Virginia', 'summary': "Harrisonburg is an independent city in the Shenandoah Valley region of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States . It is also the county seat of the surrounding Rockingham County , although the two are separate jurisdictions . As of the 2010 census , the population was 48,914 , with a census-estimated 2018 population of 54,033 . The Bureau of Economic Analysis combines the city of Harrisonburg with Rockingham County for statistical purposes into the Harrisonburg , Virginia Metropolitan Statistical Area , which has a 2011 estimated population of 126,562 . Harrisonburg is home to James Madison University ( JMU ) , a public research university with an enrollment of over 20,000 students , and Eastern Mennonite University ( EMU ) , a private , Mennonite-affiliated liberal arts university . Although the city has no historical association with President James Madison , JMU was nonetheless named in his honor as Madison College in 1938 and renamed as James Madison University in 1977 . EMU largely owes it existence to the sizable Mennonite population in the Shenandoah Valley , to which many Pennsylvania Dutch settlers arrived beginning in the mid-18th century in search of rich , unsettled farmland . The city has become a bastion of ethnic and linguistic diversity in recent years . Over 1,900 refugees have been settled in Harrisonburg since 2002 . As of 2014 , Hispanics or Latinos of any race comprise 19% of the city 's population . Harrisonburg City Public Schools ( HCPS ) students speak 55 languages in addition to English , with Spanish , Arabic , and Kurdish being the most common languages spoken . Over one-third of HCPS students are English as a second language ( ESL ) learners ."}]}, {'value': 'Iota Beta', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Trenton , New Jersey City-Wide', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Trenton is the capital city of the U.S. state of New Jersey and the county seat of Mercer County . It briefly served as the capital of the United States in 1784 . The city 's metropolitan area , consisting of Mercer County , is grouped with the New York Combined Statistical Area by the United States Census Bureau , but it directly borders the Philadelphia metropolitan area and was from 1990 until 2000 part of the Philadelphia Combined Statistical Area . As of the 2010 United States Census , Trenton had a population of 84,913 , making it the state 's tenth-most-populous municipality . The Census Bureau estimated that the city 's population was 83,974 in 2018 . Trenton dates back at least to June 3 , 1719 , when mention was made of a constable being appointed for Trenton while the area was still part of Hunterdon County . Boundaries were recorded for Trenton Township as of March 2 , 1720. a courthouse and jail were constructed in Trenton around 1720 , and the Freeholders of Hunterdon County met annually in Trenton . Trenton became New Jersey 's capital as of November 25 , 1790 , and the City of Trenton was formed within Trenton Township on November 13 , 1792 . Trenton Township was incorporated as one of New Jersey 's initial group of 104 townships by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21 , 1798 . On February 22 , 1834 , portions of Trenton Township were taken to form Ewing Township . The remaining portion of Trenton Township was absorbed by the City of Trenton on April 10 , 1837 . A series of annexations took place over a 50-year period , with the city absorbing South Trenton borough ( April 14 , 1851 ) , portions of Nottingham Township ( April 14 , 1856 ) , both the Borough of Chambersburg Township , and Millham Township ( both on March 30 , 1888 ) , as well as Wilbur Borough ( February 28 , 1898 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Trenton , New Jersey', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Trenton,_New_Jersey', 'summary': "Trenton is the capital city of the U.S. state of New Jersey and the county seat of Mercer County . It briefly served as the capital of the United States in 1784 . The city 's metropolitan area , consisting of Mercer County , is grouped with the New York Combined Statistical Area by the United States Census Bureau , but it directly borders the Philadelphia metropolitan area and was from 1990 until 2000 part of the Philadelphia Combined Statistical Area . As of the 2010 United States Census , Trenton had a population of 84,913 , making it the state 's tenth-most-populous municipality . The Census Bureau estimated that the city 's population was 83,974 in 2018 . Trenton dates back at least to June 3 , 1719 , when mention was made of a constable being appointed for Trenton while the area was still part of Hunterdon County . Boundaries were recorded for Trenton Township as of March 2 , 1720. a courthouse and jail were constructed in Trenton around 1720 , and the Freeholders of Hunterdon County met annually in Trenton . Trenton became New Jersey 's capital as of November 25 , 1790 , and the City of Trenton was formed within Trenton Township on November 13 , 1792 . Trenton Township was incorporated as one of New Jersey 's initial group of 104 townships by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on February 21 , 1798 . On February 22 , 1834 , portions of Trenton Township were taken to form Ewing Township . The remaining portion of Trenton Township was absorbed by the City of Trenton on April 10 , 1837 . A series of annexations took place over a 50-year period , with the city absorbing South Trenton borough ( April 14 , 1851 ) , portions of Nottingham Township ( April 14 , 1856 ) , both the Borough of Chambersburg Township , and Millham Township ( both on March 30 , 1888 ) , as well as Wilbur Borough ( February 28 , 1898 ) ."}]}, {'value': 'Iota Gamma', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Texas', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas', 'summary': "Texas ( /ˈtɛksəs/ , locally /ˈtɛksɪz/ ; Spanish : Texas or Tejas , pronounced [ ˈtexas ] ( listen ) ) is the second largest state in the United States by area ( after Alaska ) and population ( after California ) . Located in the South Central region , Texas shares borders with the states of Louisiana to the east , Arkansas to the northeast , Oklahoma to the north , New Mexico to the west , and the Mexican states of Chihuahua , Coahuila , Nuevo León , and Tamaulipas to the southwest , and has a coastline with the Gulf of Mexico to the southeast . Houston is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth largest in the U.S. , while San Antonio is the second-most populous in the state and seventh largest in the U.S. Dallas-Fort Worth and Greater Houston are the fourth and fifth largest metropolitan statistical areas in the country , respectively . Other major cities include Austin , the second-most populous state capital in the U.S. , and El Paso . Texas is nicknamed the Lone Star State for its former status as an independent republic , and as a reminder of the state 's struggle for independence from Mexico . The Lone Star can be found on the Texas state flag and on the Texas state seal . The origin of Texas 's name is from the word taysha , which means friends in the Caddo language . Due to its size and geologic features such as the Balcones Fault , Texas contains diverse landscapes common to both the U.S. Southern and Southwestern regions . Although Texas is popularly associated with the U.S. southwestern deserts , less than 10% of Texas 's land area is desert . Most of the population centers are in areas of former prairies , grasslands , forests , and the coastline . Traveling from east to west , one can observe terrain that ranges from coastal swamps and piney woods , to rolling plains and rugged hills , and finally the desert and mountains of the Big Bend . The term six flags over Texas [ note 1 ] refers to several nations that have ruled over the territory ."}]}, {'value': 'Iota Delta', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Henderson State University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Henderson_State_University', 'summary': "Henderson State University ( HSU ) is a public liberal arts university in Arkadelphia , Arkansas . Founded in 1890 as Arkadelphia Methodist College , it is Arkansas 's only member of the Council of Public Liberal Arts Colleges ."}]}, {'value': 'Arkadelphia , Arkansas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arkadelphia,_Arkansas', 'summary': 'Arkadelphia is a city in Clark County , Arkansas , United States . As of the 2010 census , the population was 10,714 . The city is the county seat of Clark County . It is situated at the foothills of the Ouachita Mountains . Two universities , Henderson State University and Ouachita Baptist University , are located there . Arkadelphia was incorporated in 1857 .'}]}, {'value': 'Iota Epsilon', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Eureka College', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eureka_College', 'summary': "Eureka College is a private liberal arts college in Eureka , Illinois , also related by covenant to the Christian Church ( Disciples of Christ ) . Popular majors include education , business , history , political science , communication , and the fine and performing arts . Enrollment in 2018 was approximately 567 students . Eureka College was the third college in the United States to admit men and women on an equal basis . Abraham Lincoln spoke on campus in 1856 . The college 's most famous alumnus , Ronald Reagan , graduated in 1932 with a degree in economics and sociology , and it has continued to be closely associated with his legacy . In 2010 , Eureka College was designated as a national historic district by the National Park Service ."}]}, {'value': 'Eureka , Illinois', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Eureka,_Illinois', 'summary': "Eureka is a city in Olio Township , Woodford County , Illinois , United States . The population was 5,295 at the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Woodford County . Eureka is part of the Peoria , Illinois Metropolitan Statistical Area . Eureka is a small community centered on the intersection of what is now U.S. 24 and Illinois 117 . It is also one of the towns along the Ronald Reagan Trail , a series of roads that connect towns in central Illinois that were of importance to Reagan 's early life . President Reagan attended and graduated from Eureka College , whose campus is in Eureka ."}]}, {'value': 'Iota Zeta', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Illinois Wesleyan University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Illinois_Wesleyan_University', 'summary': 'Illinois Wesleyan University is an independent , exclusively undergraduate liberal arts college in Bloomington , Illinois . Founded in 1850 , the central portion of the present campus was acquired in 1854 with the first building erected in 1856 .'}]}, {'value': 'Bloomington , Illinois', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bloomington,_Illinois', 'summary': 'Bloomington is a city in and the county seat of McLean County , Illinois , United States . It is adjacent to Normal , and is the more populous of the two principal municipalities of the Bloomington-Normal metropolitan area . The 2010 Census showed the city had a population of 76,610 , making it the 12th most populated city in Illinois , and the fifth-most populous city in the state outside the Chicago Metropolitan Area . Combined with Normal , the twin cities have a population of roughly 130,000 . Bloomington is home to the corporate headquarters of State Farm Insurance and Country Financial .'}]}, {'value': 'Iota Eta', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 22 , 1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Texas Christian University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Texas_Christian_University', 'summary': "Texas Christian University ( TCU ) is a private Protestant Christian university in Fort Worth , Texas . It was established in 1873 by brothers Addison and Randolph Clark as the Add-Ran Male & Female College . [ citation needed ] The campus is located on 272 acres ( 110 ha ) about 3 miles ( 5 km ) from downtown Fort Worth . TCU is affiliated with , but not governed by , the Disciples of Christ . The university consists of eight constituent colleges and schools and has a classical liberal arts curriculum . It is classified among R2 : Doctoral Universities - High research activity . TCU 's mascot is Superfrog , based on the Texas state reptile -- the horned frog . For most varsity sports , TCU competes in the Big 12 conference of the NCAA 's Division I . As of February 2016 [ update ] , The university enrolls around 10,394 students , with 8,892 being undergraduates ."}]}, {'value': 'Fort Worth , Texas', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas', 'summary': "Fort Worth is the fifth-largest city in the U.S. state of Texas and the 13th-largest city in the United States . It is the county seat of Tarrant County , covering nearly 350 square miles ( 910 km2 ) into three other counties : Denton , Parker , and Wise . According to the 2018 census estimates , Fort Worth 's population was 898,919 . Fort Worth is the second-largest city in the Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington metropolitan area , which is the 4th most populous metropolitan area in the United States . The city of Fort Worth was established in 1849 as an army outpost on a bluff overlooking the Trinity River . Fort Worth has historically been a center of the longhorn cattle trade . It still embraces its Western heritage and traditional architecture and design . USS Fort Worth ( LCS-3 ) is the first ship of the United States Navy named after the city . Fort Worth is home to the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition and several world-class museums designed by internationally known contemporary architects . The Kimbell Art Museum , considered to have one of the best art collections in Texas , is housed in what is widely regarded as one of the outstanding architectural achievements of the modern era . The museum was designed by the American architect Louis Kahn , with an addition designed by world-renowned Italian architect Renzo Piano opening November 2013 . Also of note is the Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth , designed by Tadao Ando ."}]}, {'value': 'Iota Theta', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Louisiana State University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Louisiana_State_University', 'summary': "Louisiana State University ( officially Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College , commonly referred to as LSU ) is a public research university in Baton Rouge , Louisiana . The university was founded in 1853 in what is now known as Pineville , Louisiana , under the name Louisiana State Seminary of Learning & Military Academy . The current LSU main campus was dedicated in 1926 , consists of more than 250 buildings constructed in the style of Italian Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio , and the main campus historic district occupies a 650-acre ( 2.6 km² ) plateau on the banks of the Mississippi River . LSU is the flagship school of the state of Louisiana , as well the flagship institution of the Louisiana State University System , and is the most comprehensive university in Louisiana . In 2017 , the university enrolled over 25,000 undergraduate and over 5,000 graduate students in 14 schools and colleges . Several of LSU 's graduate schools , such as the E. J. Ourso College of Business and the Paul M. Hebert Law Center , have received national recognition in their respective fields of study . Designated as a land-grant , sea-grant and space-grant institution , LSU is also noted for its extensive research facilities , operating some 800 sponsored research projects funded by agencies such as the National Institutes of Health , the National Science Foundation , the National Endowment for the Humanities , and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration . LSU is one of eight universities in the United States with dental , law , veterinary , medical , and Master of Business Administration programs . The LSU School of Veterinary Medicine is one of only 30 veterinary schools in the country and the only one in Louisiana . LSU 's athletics department fields teams in 21 varsity sports ( 9 men 's , 12 women 's ) , and is a member of the NCAA ( National Collegiate Athletic Association ) and the SEC ( Southeastern Conference ) . The university is represented by its mascot , Mike the Tiger ."}]}, {'value': 'Baton Rouge , Louisiana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Baton_Rouge,_Louisiana', 'summary': "Baton Rouge ( /ˌbætən ˈruːʒ/ BAT-ən ROOZH ; from French , meaning 'red stick ' ) is the capital of the U.S. state of Louisiana . Located on the eastern bank of the Mississippi River , it is the parish seat of East Baton Rouge Parish , the most populous parish in Louisiana . It is the 99th most populous city in the United States , and second-largest city in Louisiana after New Orleans . It is also the 16th most populous state capital . As of the U.S. Census Bureau 's July 2018 estimate , Baton Rouge had a population of 221,599 , down from 229,493 at the 2010 census . Baton Rouge is the center of Greater Baton Rouge , the second-largest metropolitan area in Louisiana , with a population of 834,159 as of 2017 , up from 802,484 in 2010 and 829,719 in 2015 . The city of Baton Rouge is a major industrial , petrochemical , medical , research , motion picture , and growing technology center of the American South . It is the location of Louisiana State University , the LSU System 's flagship university and the largest institution of higher education in the state . It is also the location of Southern University , the flagship institution of the Southern University System , the only historically black college system in the nation . The Port of Greater Baton Rouge is the 10th-largest in the United States in terms of tonnage shipped , and is the farthest upstream Mississippi River port capable of handling Panamax ships . This , as well as its status as a major port city , is largely due to the Huey P. Long - O.K . Allen Bridge , which was intentionally constructed under the governorship of Huey Long at a low height , preventing big tankers from making their way up-river , past Baton Rouge ."}]}, {'value': 'Iota Iota', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'May 7 , 1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Catholic University of America', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Catholic_University_of_America', 'summary': "The Catholic University of America ( CUA ) is a private Catholic university in Washington , D.C . It is a pontifical university of the Catholic Church in the United States and the only institution of higher education founded by the U.S. Catholic bishops . Established in 1887 as a graduate and research center following approval by Pope Leo XIII on Easter Sunday , the university began offering undergraduate education in 1904 . The university 's campus lies within the Brookland neighborhood , known as Little Rome , which contains 60 Catholic institutions , including Trinity Washington University , the Dominican House of Studies , and Archbishop Carroll High School , as well as the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception . It has been ranked as one of the nation 's best colleges by the Princeton Review , one of the best values of any private school in the country by Kiplinger 's , one of the most eco-friendly universities in the country , and was awarded the highest federal recognition an institution can receive for community service . Also , it was ranked in the top 10 of the best Catholic colleges in the country , and has been recommended by the Cardinal Newman Society in The Newman Guide to Choosing a Catholic College . It was described as one of the 25 most underrated colleges in the United States . CUA 's programs emphasize the liberal arts , professional education , and personal development . The school stays closely connected with the Catholic Church and Catholic organizations . The American Cardinals Dinner is put on by the residential U.S. cardinals each year to raise scholarship funds for CUA . The university has a long history of working with the Knights of Columbus ; the university 's law school and basilica have dedications to the involvement and support of the Knights ."}]}, {'value': 'Washington , D.C', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Washington,_D.C.', 'summary': "Washington , D.C. , ( /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən ˌdiːˈsiː/ ) formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as D.C. , Washington , or The District , is the capital of the United States . Founded after the American Revolution as the seat of government of the newly independent country , Washington was named after George Washington , the first president of the United States and a Founding Father . As the seat of the United States federal government and several international organizations , Washington is an important world political capital . The city , located on the Potomac River bordering Maryland and Virginia , is one of the most visited cities in the world , with more than 20 million tourists annually . The signing of the Residence Act on July 16 , 1790 , approved the creation of a capital district located along the Potomac River on the country 's East Coast . The U.S. Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress , and the District is therefore not a part of any U.S. state . The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district , which included the pre-existing settlements of Georgetown and Alexandria . The City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital . In 1846 , Congress returned the land originally ceded by Virginia , including the city of Alexandria ; in 1871 , it created a single municipal government for the remaining portion of the District . Washington had an estimated population of 702,455 as of July 2018 [ update ] , making it the 20th most populous city in the United States . Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the city 's daytime population to more than one million during the workweek . Washington 's metropolitan area , the country 's sixth largest ( including parts of Maryland , Virginia and West Virginia ) , had a 2017 estimated population of 6.2 million residents ."}]}, {'value': 'Iota Kappa', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Arizona State University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Arizona_State_University', 'summary': "Arizona State University ( commonly referred to as ASU or Arizona State ) is a public metropolitan research university on five campuses across the Phoenix metropolitan area , and four regional learning centers throughout Arizona . ASU is one of the largest public universities by enrollment in the U.S. As of fall 2019 , the university had nearly 90,000 students attending classes across its metro campuses , more than 38,000 students attending online , including 83,000-plus undergraduates and more nearly 20,000 postgraduates . The university is organized into 17 colleges , featuring more than 170 cross-discipline centers and institutes . ASU offers 350 degree options for undergraduates students , as well as more than 400 graduate degree and certificate programs . ASU has nearly 600 ASU scholar-athletes across 26 varsity-level sports . The Arizona State Sun Devils compete in the Pac-12 Conference and have won 59 Pac-10/Pac-12 championships dating back to 1979 , and have captured 24 NCAA championships dating to its first ( baseball ) title in 1965 . In addition to its athletic program , the university is home to over 1,100 registered student organizations . ASU 's charter , approved by the board of regents in 2014 , is based on the New American University model created by ASU President Michael M. Crow upon his appointment as the institution 's 16th president in 2002 . It defines ASU as a comprehensive public research university , measured not by whom it excludes , but rather by whom it includes and how they succeed ; advancing research and discovery of public value ; and assuming fundamental responsibility for the economic , social , cultural and overall health of the communities it serves . Since 2005 , ASU has been ranked among the top research universities in the U.S. , public and private , based on research output , innovation , development , research expenditures , number of awarded patents and awarded research grant proposals . The 2019 university ratings by U.S. News & World Report rank ASU No . 1 among the Most Innovative Schools in America for the fourth year in a row ."}]}, {'value': 'Tempe , Arizona', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Tempe,_Arizona', 'summary': "Tempe ( /tɛmˈpiː/ tem-PEE ; Oidbaḍ in O'odham ) , is a city in Maricopa County , Arizona , United States , with the Census Bureau reporting a 2017 population of 185,038 . The city is named after the Vale of Tempe in Greece . Tempe is located in the East Valley section of metropolitan Phoenix ; it is bordered by Phoenix and Guadalupe on the west , Scottsdale and the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community on the north , Chandler on the south , and Mesa on the east . Tempe is also the location of the main campus of Arizona State University ."}]}, {'value': 'Iota Lambda', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Alabama at Birmingham', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Alabama_at_Birmingham', 'summary': "The University of Alabama at Birmingham ( UAB ) is a public research university in Birmingham , Alabama . Developed from an academic extension center established in 1936 , the institution became a four-year campus in 1966 and a fully autonomous university in the University of Alabama System in 1969 . UAB offers 140 programs of study in 12 academic divisions leading to bachelor 's , master 's , doctoral , and professional degrees in the social and behavioral sciences , the liberal arts , business , education , engineering , and health-related fields such as medicine , dentistry , optometry , nursing , and public health . In the fall of 2018 , 21,923 students from more than 110 countries were enrolled . The UAB Health System , one of the largest academic medical centers in the United States , is affiliated with the university . UAB Hospital sponsors residency programs in medical specialties , including internal medicine , neurology , physical medicine and rehabilitation , surgery , radiology , and anesthesiology . UAB Hospital is the only Level I trauma center in Alabama . UAB is the state 's largest single employer , with more than 23,000 faculty and staff and over 53,000 jobs at the university and in the health system . An estimated 10 percent of the jobs in the Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Area and 1 in 31 jobs in the state of Alabama are directly or indirectly related to UAB . The university 's overall annual economic impact was estimated to be $ 7.15 billion in 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Birmingham , Alabama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Birmingham,_Alabama', 'summary': "Birmingham ( /ˈbɜːrmɪŋhæm/ BUR-ming-ham ) is a city in the north central region of the U.S. state of Alabama . With an estimated 2018 population of 209,880 , it is the most populous city in Alabama . Birmingham is the seat of Jefferson County , Alabama 's most populous and fifth largest county . As of 2018 , the Birmingham-Hoover Metropolitan Statistical Area had a population of 1,151,801 , making it the most populous in Alabama and 49th-most populous in the United States . Birmingham serves as an important regional hub and is associated with the Deep South , Piedmont , and Appalachian regions of the nation . Birmingham was founded in 1871 , during the post-Civil War Reconstruction era , through the merger of three farm towns , most notably Elyton . The new city was named for Birmingham , England , the United Kingdom 's second largest city and then a major industrial city . The Alabama city annexed its smaller neighbors as it developed into a major industrial center based on mining , the iron and steel industry , and rail transport . Most of the original settlers were of English ancestry . The city was developed as a place where low paid , non-unionized immigrants ( mainly Irish and Italian ) , along with African-Americans from rural Alabama , who worked in the city 's steel mills and blast furnaces and gave it a competitive advantage over unionized industrial cities of the Midwest and Northeast . :14"}]}, {'value': 'Iota Mu', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Northwestern State University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Northwestern_State_University', 'summary': 'Northwestern State University of Louisiana ( NSU ) is a public university primarily situated in Natchitoches , Louisiana , with a nursing campus in Shreveport and general campuses in Leesville/Fort Polk and Alexandria . It is a part of the University of Louisiana System .'}]}, {'value': 'Natchitoches , Louisiana', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Natchitoches,_Louisiana', 'summary': "Natchitoches ( /ˈnækətəʃ/ NAK-ə-təsh ; French : Les Natchitoches ) is a small city and the parish seat of Natchitoches Parish , Louisiana , United States . Established in 1714 by Louis Juchereau de St. Denis as part of French Louisiana , the community was named after the indigenous Natchitoches people . The City of Natchitoches was not incorporated until after Louisiana had become a state ( 1812 ) , on February 5 , 1819 . It is the oldest permanent settlement in the region . Natchitoches ' sister city is Nacogdoches , Texas . It is also the location of Northwestern State University ."}]}, {'value': 'Iota Nu', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'April 23 , 1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mobile , Alabama City-Wide ( University of South Alabama , Spring Hill College , University of Mobile )', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mobile,_Alabama', 'summary': "Mobile ( /moʊˈbiːl/ moh-BEEL , French : [ mɔbil ] ( listen ) ) is the county seat of Mobile County , Alabama , United States . The population within the city limits was 195,111 as of the 2010 United States Census , making it the third most populous city in Alabama , the most populous in Mobile County , and the largest municipality on the Gulf Coast between New Orleans , Louisiana , and St. Petersburg , Florida . Alabama 's only saltwater port , Mobile is located on the Mobile River at the head of the Mobile Bay and the north-central Gulf Coast . The Port of Mobile has always played a key role in the economic health of the city , beginning with the settlement as an important trading center between the French colonists and Native Americans , down to its current role as the 12th-largest port in the United States . Mobile is the principal municipality of the Mobile metropolitan area . This region of 412,992 residents is composed solely of Mobile County ; it is the third-largest metropolitan statistical area in the state . Mobile is the largest city in the Mobile-Daphne−Fairhope CSA , with a total population of 604,726 , the second largest in the state . As of 2011 [ update ] , the population within a 60-mile ( 100 km ) radius of Mobile is 1,262,907 . Mobile was founded in 1702 by the French as the first capital of Louisiana . During its first 100 years , Mobile was a colony of France , then Britain , and lastly Spain . Mobile became a part of the United States in 1813 , with the annexation by President James Madison of West Florida from Spain . The city surrendered to Federal forces on April 12 , 1865 , after Union victories at two forts protecting the city ."}, {'url': '/wiki/University_of_South_Alabama', 'summary': "The University of South Alabama ( USA ) is a public research university in Mobile , Alabama . It was created by the Alabama Legislature in May , 1963 , and replaced existing extension programs operated in Mobile by the University of Alabama . USA is divided into ten colleges and schools and includes one of Alabama 's two state-supported medical schools . In the fall semester of 2018 , South Alabama had an enrollment of 15,093 students . By the spring of 2019 , the university had awarded over 90,000 degrees . USA has an annual payroll of more than $ 400 million ( US ) , with over 6,000 employees , and is the second largest employer in Mobile . The university claims to have an annual economic impact of US $ 3 billion ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Spring_Hill_College', 'summary': 'Spring Hill College is a private , Jesuit liberal arts college in Mobile , Alabama . It was founded in 1830 by Michael Portier , Bishop of Mobile . Along with being the oldest college or university in the state of Alabama , it was the first Catholic college in the South , is the fifth-oldest Catholic college in the United States , and is the third-oldest of the 28-member Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities .'}, {'url': '/wiki/University_of_Mobile', 'summary': "The University of Mobile is a private , Baptist university in Prichard , Alabama . The master's-level university has an enrollment of 1,577 ."}]}, {'value': 'Mobile , Alabama', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mobile,_Alabama', 'summary': "Mobile ( /moʊˈbiːl/ moh-BEEL , French : [ mɔbil ] ( listen ) ) is the county seat of Mobile County , Alabama , United States . The population within the city limits was 195,111 as of the 2010 United States Census , making it the third most populous city in Alabama , the most populous in Mobile County , and the largest municipality on the Gulf Coast between New Orleans , Louisiana , and St. Petersburg , Florida . Alabama 's only saltwater port , Mobile is located on the Mobile River at the head of the Mobile Bay and the north-central Gulf Coast . The Port of Mobile has always played a key role in the economic health of the city , beginning with the settlement as an important trading center between the French colonists and Native Americans , down to its current role as the 12th-largest port in the United States . Mobile is the principal municipality of the Mobile metropolitan area . This region of 412,992 residents is composed solely of Mobile County ; it is the third-largest metropolitan statistical area in the state . Mobile is the largest city in the Mobile-Daphne−Fairhope CSA , with a total population of 604,726 , the second largest in the state . As of 2011 [ update ] , the population within a 60-mile ( 100 km ) radius of Mobile is 1,262,907 . Mobile was founded in 1702 by the French as the first capital of Louisiana . During its first 100 years , Mobile was a colony of France , then Britain , and lastly Spain . Mobile became a part of the United States in 1813 , with the annexation by President James Madison of West Florida from Spain . The city surrendered to Federal forces on April 12 , 1865 , after Union victories at two forts protecting the city ."}]}, {'value': 'Iota Xi', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'California University of Pennsylvania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California_University_of_Pennsylvania', 'summary': "California University of Pennsylvania ( Cal U ) is a public university in California , Pennsylvania . Founded in 1852 , it is a member of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education ( PASSHE ) . The university offers bachelor 's , master 's , and doctoral degrees . It is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education . The main campus consists of about 38 buildings situated on 92 acres ( 37 ha ) . Another 9-acre ( 3.6 ha ) facility is located near the main campus and houses the school 's soccer facility . An additional 98-acre ( 40 ha ) recreation complex , George H. Roadman University Park , is located one mile ( 1.6 km ) from campus and includes a football stadium , various sports facilities , and picnic facilities . The University 's student association also owns 98 acres at the SAI Farm , located near Roadman Park , as well as 25-acre Vulcan Village Student Apartments . Cal U has a large virtual school ."}]}, {'value': 'California , Pennsylvania', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/California,_Pennsylvania', 'summary': 'California is a borough on the Monongahela River in Washington County , Pennsylvania , United States , and part of the Pittsburgh metropolitan area since 1950 . The population was 6,795 as of the 2010 census and was estimated at 6,325 in 2018 . California is the home of California University of Pennsylvania . Founded in 1849 , the borough was named for the territory of California following the Gold Rush . The borough has had two notably young mayors - Democrat Peter Daley , who was 22 at his election , and Republican Casey Durdines , who was 20 at his election .'}]}, {'value': 'Iota Omicron', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of Central Oklahoma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_Central_Oklahoma', 'summary': 'The University of Central Oklahoma ( UCO or Central ) is a public university in Edmond , Oklahoma . It is the third largest university in Oklahoma , with more than 17,000 students and approximately 434 full-time and 400 adjunct faculty . Founded in 1890 , the University of Central Oklahoma was one of the first institutions of higher learning to be established in what would become the state of Oklahoma , making it one of the oldest universities in the southwest region of the United States . It is home to the American branch of the British Academy of Contemporary Music in downtown Oklahoma City .'}]}, {'value': 'Edmond , Oklahoma', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Edmond,_Oklahoma', 'summary': 'Edmond is a city in Oklahoma County , Oklahoma , United States , and a part of the Oklahoma City metropolitan area in the central part of the state . As of the 2010 census , the population was 81,405 , making it the sixth largest city in the state of Oklahoma . The city borders the northern boundary of Oklahoma City . Three major highways connect Edmond to downtown Oklahoma City : U.S. Route 77 ( the Broadway Extension ) , which runs through the center of Edmond , and Interstate 35 , which runs along the eastern side . Public transportation is provided by Citylink Edmond bus service . Additionally historic U. S. Route 66 enters Edmond from the east as it passes just north of Arcadia Lake ( Oklahoma ) to join 2nd Street . As U. S. Route 66 continues west on 2nd Street it joins U. S. Route 77 in downtown Edmond where it turns south as Broadway .'}]}, {'value': 'Iota Pi', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Florida International University & Johnson & Wales University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Florida_International_University', 'summary': "Florida International University ( FIU ) is a public space-grant research university in University Park , Florida . It is a member of the State University System of Florida . FIU is the first and only school in South Florida to achieve the Emerging Preeminence designation by the Florida Legislature . Founded in 1965 , it has quickly grown to becoming the largest university in the Greater Miami region . It is the largest university in South Florida , the second-largest in Florida , and the fourth-largest in the United States by enrollment . The university is classified as a Research University with Very High Research by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching . The university comprises 11 separate colleges and more than 40 centers , facilities , labs and institutes that offer more than 190 programs of study , including professional school programs . The university has an annual budget of over $ 1.5 billion and an annual economic impact of over $ 3.5 billion . The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools ( SACS ) . For 2020 , U.S. News & World Report ranked Florida International as the 105th best public university in the United States in the national university category . FIU 's intercollegiate sports teams , commonly known by their FIU Panthers nickname , compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I and the Conference USA ( C-USA ) . In their 113-year history , FIU 's varsity sports teams have won 5 athletic championships and Panther athletes have won various individual NCAA national championships ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Johnson_&_Wales_University', 'summary': 'Johnson & Wales University ( JWU ) is a private career-oriented university with its main campus in Providence , Rhode Island . Founded as a business school in 1914 by Gertrude I. Johnson and Mary T. Wales , JWU currently has 12,930 graduate , undergraduate , and online students enrolled in arts & sciences , business , culinary arts , engineering & design , food systems , health & wellness , hospitality , media communications , travel & tourism , and sustainable practices across its campuses . The university is accredited by the New England Commission on Higher Education .'}]}, {'value': 'Miami , Florida', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Miami,_Florida', 'summary': 'Miami , officially the City of Miami , is the seat of Miami-Dade County , and the cultural , economic and financial center of South Florida in the United States . The city covers an area of about 56 square miles ( 150 km2 ) between the Everglades to the west and Biscayne Bay to the east . Miami is the sixth most densely populated major city in the United States with an estimated 2018 population of 470,914 . The Miami metropolitan area is home to 6.1 million people , the second-most populous in the southeastern United States and the seventh-largest in the nation . The city has the third tallest skyline in the U.S. with over 300 high-rises , 55 of which exceed 490 ft ( 149 m ) . Miami is a major center and leader in finance , commerce , culture , media , entertainment , the arts , and international trade . The metro area is by far the largest urban economy in Florida and the 12th largest in the United States , with a GDP of $ 344.9 billion as of 2017 . In 2018 , Miami was classified as an Alpha level global city by the GaWC . In 2019 , Miami ranked seventh in the United States and 31st among global cities in terms of business activity , human capital , information exchange , cultural experience , and political engagement . According to a 2018 UBS study of 77 world cities , the city was ranked as the third-richest in the United States and the eighth-richest in the world in terms of purchasing power . Miami is nicknamed the Capital of Latin America and is the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality . Greater Downtown Miami has one of the largest concentrations of international banks in the United States , and is home to many large national and international companies .'}]}, {'value': 'Iota Rho', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'December 2 , 1972', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'University of North Carolina at Charlotte', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Charlotte', 'summary': "The University of North Carolina at Charlotte ( UNC Charlotte , UNCC , or simply Charlotte ) is a public research university in Charlotte , North Carolina . UNC Charlotte offers 23 doctoral , 64 master 's , and 140 bachelor 's degree programs through nine colleges : the College of Arts + Architecture , the College of Liberal Arts & Sciences , the Belk College of Business , the College of Computing and Informatics , the Cato College of Education , the William States Lee College of Engineering , the College of Health and Human Services , the Honors College , and the University College . It has three campuses : Charlotte Research Institute Campus , Center City Campus , and the main campus , located in University City . The main campus sits on 1,000 wooded acres with approximately 85 buildings about 8 miles ( 13 km ) from Uptown Charlotte . UNC Charlotte is the largest institution of higher education in the Charlotte region . The university has experienced rapid enrollment growth of 33% over the past 10 years , making it the fastest-growing institution in the UNC System and contributing to more than 50% of the system 's growth since 2009 ."}]}, {'value': 'Charlotte , North Carolina', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina', 'summary': "Charlotte ( /ˈʃɑːrlət/ ) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of North Carolina . Located in the Piedmont , it is the county seat of Mecklenburg County . In 2018 , the U.S. Census Bureau estimated the population was 872,498 , making it the 16th-most populous city in the United States . The city is the cultural , economic , and transportation center of the Charlotte metropolitan area , whose population ranks 23rd in the U.S. , and had a population of 2,569,213 , in 2018 . The Charlotte metropolitan area is part of a sixteen-county market region or combined statistical area with a 2018 census-estimated population of 2,728,933 . Between 2004 and 2014 , Charlotte was ranked as the country 's fastest-growing metro area , with 888,000 new residents . Based on U.S. Census data from 2005 to 2015 , Charlotte tops the U.S. in millennial population growth . It is the second-largest city in the southeastern United States , just behind Jacksonville , Florida . It is the third-fastest-growing major city in the United States . It is listed as a gamma global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . Residents are referred to as Charlotteans . Charlotte is home to the corporate headquarters of Bank of America , Truist Financial , and the east coast operations of Wells Fargo , which along with other financial institutions has made it the second-largest banking center in the United States since 1995 ."}]}, {'value': 'Iota Sigma', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1973', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Mercer University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Mercer_University', 'summary': "Mercer University is a private university with its main campus in Macon , Georgia . Founded in 1833 as Mercer Institute and gaining university status in 1837 , it is the oldest private university in Georgia and enrolls more than 8,600 students in 12 colleges and schools : liberal arts , business , engineering , education , music , continuing and professional studies , law , theology , medicine , pharmacy , nursing , and health professions . Mercer is a member of the Georgia Research Alliance and has a chapter of Phi Beta Kappa , the nation 's oldest collegiate honors society . Mercer has three major campuses : the historic ( main ) campus in Macon , a graduate and professional education campus in Atlanta , and a four-year campus of the School of Medicine in Savannah . Mercer also has regional academic centers in Henry County and Douglas County ; the Mercer University School of Law on its own campus in Macon ; teaching hospitals in Macon , Savannah , and Columbus ; a university press and a performing arts center , the Grand Opera House , in Macon ; and the Mercer Engineering Research Center in Warner Robins . The Mercer University Health Sciences Center encompasses Mercer 's medical , pharmacy , nursing , and health professions programs in Macon , Atlanta , Savannah , and Columbus . U.S. News and World Report has ranked Mercer second ( Emory University , first ) among private universities in Georgia for approximately 25 years . Overall , U.S. News and World Report ( 2020 edition ) ranks Mercer 153 among the 381 National Universities and as the 40th best value in terms of education relative to cost . Mercer has been cited by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching for its community engagement and was among the 113 institutions listed on the 2015 President 's Higher Education Community Service Honor Roll with Distinction . Mercer has an NCAA Division I athletic program and fields teams in eight men 's and ten women 's sports ; all university-sponsored sports compete in the Southern Conference except women 's sand volleyball , which is not sponsored by the SoCon , and thus compete in the Atlantic Sun Conference ."}]}, {'value': 'Macon , Georgia', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Macon,_Georgia', 'summary': "Macon ( /ˈmeɪkən/ ) , officially Macon-Bibb County , is a consolidated city-county located in the U.S. state of Georgia . Macon lies near the geographic center of the state , approximately 85 miles ( 137 km ) south of Atlanta , hence the city 's nickname The Heart of Georgia . Located near the fall line of the Ocmulgee River , Macon had a 2017 estimated population of 152,663 . Macon is the principal city of the Macon metropolitan area , which had an estimated population of 228,914 in 2017 . Macon is also the largest city in the Macon-Warner Robins Combined Statistical Area ( CSA ) , a larger trading area with an estimated 420,693 residents in 2017 ; the CSA abuts the Atlanta metropolitan area just to the north . In a 2012 referendum , voters approved the consolidation of the governments of the City of Macon and Bibb County , and Macon became Georgia 's fourth-largest city ( just after Columbus ) . The two governments officially merged on January 1 , 2014 . Macon is served by three interstate highways : I-16 ( connecting the city to Savannah and coastal Georgia ) , I-75 ( connecting the city with Atlanta to the north and Valdosta to the south ) , and I-475 ( a city bypass highway ) . The city has several institutions of higher education , as well as numerous museums and tourism sites . The area is served by the Middle Georgia Regional Airport and the Herbert Smart Downtown Airport . The mayor of Macon is Robert Reichert , a former Democratic member of the Georgia House of Representatives . Reichert was elected mayor of the newly consolidated city of Macon-Bibb , and he took office on January 1 , 2014 ."}]}, {'value': 'Iota Tau', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1973', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Middle Tennessee State University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Middle_Tennessee_State_University', 'summary': "Middle Tennessee State University ( MTSU or MT ) is a public university in Murfreesboro , Tennessee . Founded in 1911 as a normal school , the university is composed of eight undergraduate colleges as well as a college of graduate studies , together offering more than 80 majors/degree programs through more than 35 departments . MTSU is most prominently known for its Recording Industry , Aerospace , Music and Concrete Industry Management programs . The university has partnered in research endeavors with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory , the United States Army , and the United States Marine Corps . In 2009 , Middle Tennessee State University was ranked among the nation 's top 100 public universities by Forbes magazine . Prior to 2017 , MTSU was part of the Tennessee Board of Regents and the State University and Community College System of Tennessee . In 2017 governance was transferred to an institutional board of trustees . MTSU is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges . MTSU athletics programs compete intercollegiately in Conference USA ."}]}, {'value': 'Murfreesboro , Tennessee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Murfreesboro,_Tennessee', 'summary': "Murfreesboro is a city in , and the county seat of , Rutherford County , Tennessee , United States . The population was 108,755 according to the 2010 census , up from 68,816 residents certified in 2000 . In 2018 , census estimates showed a population of 141,344 . Murfreesboro is located in the Nashville metropolitan area of Middle Tennessee , 34 miles ( 55 km ) southeast of downtown Nashville , and is the largest suburb of Nashville and the sixth largest city in Tennessee . The city is home to both the center of population of Tennessee and the geographic center of Tennessee . Since the 1990s , Murfreesboro has been Tennessee 's fastest growing major city and one of the fastest growing cities in the country . Murfreesboro is also home to Middle Tennessee State University , the second largest undergraduate university in the state of Tennessee , with 22,729 total students as of fall 2014 . In 2006 , Murfreesboro was ranked by Money as the 84th best place to live in the United States , out of 745 cities with a population over 50,000 . In 2018 , Murfreesboro was ranked by Money as the 19th best place to live in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Iota Upsilon', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1973', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Austin Peay State University', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Austin_Peay_State_University', 'summary': "Austin Peay State University ( /piː/ ) is a public university in Clarksville , Tennessee . Standing on a site occupied by a succession of Tennessean educational institutions since 1845 , the precursor of the university was established in 1927 and named for then-sitting Governor Austin Peay , who is further honored with Governors , the name of the university 's athletic teams . Affiliated with the Tennessee Board of Regents , it is now governed by the Austin Peay State University Board of Trustees as of May 2017 [ update ] . The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools ( SACS ) and , in 2012 , was the fastest-growing university in Tennessee . In 2019 , Austin Peay officially hit 11,000 students enrolled ."}]}, {'value': 'Clarksville , Tennessee', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Clarksville,_Tennessee', 'summary': 'Clarksville is the county seat of Montgomery County , Tennessee , United States . It is the fifth-largest city in the state behind Nashville , Memphis , Knoxville , and Chattanooga . The city had a population of 132,929 at the 2010 census , and an estimated population of 153,205 in 2017 . It is the principal central city of the Clarksville , TN-KY metropolitan statistical area , which consists of Montgomery and Stewart counties in Tennessee , and Christian and Trigg counties in Kentucky . The city was founded in 1785 and incorporated in 1807 , and named for General George Rogers Clark , frontier fighter and Revolutionary War hero , and brother of William Clark of the Lewis and Clark Expedition . Clarksville is the home of Austin Peay State University ; The Leaf-Chronicle , the oldest newspaper in Tennessee ; and neighbor to the Fort Campbell , United States Army post . Site of the 101st Airborne Division ( Air Assault ) , Fort Campbell is located about 10 miles ( 16 km ) from downtown Clarksville , and spans the Tennessee-Kentucky state line . While the post office for the post is located on the Kentucky side , the majority of the posts acreage is on the Tennessee side .'}]}], 'section_title': "Chapters Beginning With `` Iota ''", 'section_text': '', 'uid': 'List_of_Delta_Sigma_Theta_chapters_9', 'intro': "Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc. was founded on January 13, 1913 at Howard University, and began to expand its membership early on when it chartered Beta Chapter at Wilberforce University in 1914, Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania in 1918 and Delta Chapter at the University of Iowa in 1919. Delta Sigma Theta continues to Charter new chapters at both the Collegiate and Alumnae level. Individual Chapters are Chartered, not Founded, as only the Perpetual body was founded, and the founding occurred in 1913. Delta Sigma Theta has more than 940 Chapters located in the United States, England, Japan (Tokyo and Okinawa), Germany, the Virgin Islands, Liberia, Bermuda, Jamaica, The Bahamas, South Korea and Nigeria. The sorority's chapters are organized into seven regions and further sub-divided by state. While initially Alumnae / Graduate Chapters were named using the Greek Alphabet, the perpetual body of Delta Sigma Theta voted at the Twenty-Fourth National Convention, held in Detroit, Michigan on December 26-30, 1956, to abandon this practice. Following the vote, the Greek Letter names for the Alumnae Chapters are no longer in use or recognized by the Grand Chapter. Alumnae Chapters are instead named using their Geographic Location. This list includes Active, Inactive, Reassigned, and Retired undergraduate Chapters."}
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What is the founding year of the school established in Miami ?
1965
04eaa655cff62ba7
hybridqa
{'url': 'https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportation_in_California', 'title': 'Transportation in California', 'header': ['System', 'Type', 'No . of lines', 'Description'], 'data': [{'value': 'Altamont Corridor Express', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Altamont_Corridor_Express', 'summary': 'The Altamont Corridor Express ( also known as ACE , formerly Altamont Commuter Express ) is a commuter rail service in California , connecting Stockton and San Jose during peak hours only . ACE is named for the Altamont Pass , through which it runs . Service is managed by the San Joaquin Regional Rail Commission , and operations are contracted to Herzog Transit Services , using AAR assigned reporting mark ACEX . The 86-mile ( 138 km ) route includes ten stops , with travel time about 2 hours and 12 minutes end-to-end . The tracks are owned by Union Pacific Railroad . ACE uses Bombardier BiLevel Coaches and MPI F40PH-3C locomotives . Service began on October 19 , 1998 , with two weekday round trips . A third round trip was added in May 2001 , followed by a fourth round trip in October 2012 . Saturday service commenced in September 2019 . As of 2018 [ update ] , average weekday ridership is 5,900 . Under the ACEforward program , a number of improvements to the service are being considered . These include a rerouted line through Tracy , an extension to Modesto and Merced , and connections to BART at Union City and Tri-Valley .'}]}, {'value': 'Commuter rail', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Commuter_rail', 'summary': "Commuter rail , or suburban rail , is a passenger rail transport service that primarily operates within a metropolitan area , connecting commuters to a central city from adjacent suburbs or commuter towns . Generally commuter rail systems are considered heavy rail , using electrified or diesel trains . Distance charges or zone pricing may be used . The term can refer to systems with a wide variety of different features and service frequencies , but is often used in contrast to rapid transit or light rail . Similar non-English terms include Treno suburbano in Italian , Cercanías in Spanish , Rodalies in Catalan , Proastiakos in Greek , Train de banlieue in French , Příměstský vlak or Esko in Czech , Elektrichka in Russian , Pociąg podmiejski in Polish and Pendeltåg in Swedish . Some services share similarities with both commuter rail and high-frequency rapid transit , such as the German S-Bahn , the Réseau Express Régional in Paris , many Japanese commuter systems , and some Australasian suburban networks . Some services , like British commuter rail , share tracks with other passenger services and freight . In the United States , commuter rail often refers to services that operate a higher frequency during peak periods and a lower frequency off-peak . Since the creation of GO Transit 's commuter service in 1967 , commuter rail services and route length have been expanding in North America . In the US , commuter rail is sometimes referred to as regional rail ."}]}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Altamont Commuter Express , also known as ACE , runs from San Jose northeast to Stockton , providing service from the Silicon Valley to Eastern Alameda County and San Joaquin County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Jose,_California', 'summary': "San Jose [ A ] ( /ˌsæn hoʊˈzeɪ , -ˈseɪ/ ; Spanish : [ saŋ xoˈse ] ; Spanish for Saint Joseph ) , officially the City of San José , [ B ] is the economic , cultural and political center of Silicon Valley , and the largest city in Northern California ( both by population and area ) . With an estimated 2018 population of 1,030,119 , it is the third-most populous city in California ( after Los Angeles and San Diego ) and the tenth-most populous in United States . Located in the center of the Santa Clara Valley , on the southern shore of San Francisco Bay , San Jose covers an area of 179.97 square miles ( 466.1 km2 ) . San Jose is the county seat of Santa Clara County , the most affluent county in California and one of the most affluent counties in the United States . San Jose is the main component of the San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara Metropolitan Statistical Area , with an estimated population of around 2 million residents in 2018 . It is also the most populous city in both the San Francisco Bay Area and the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Combined Statistical Area , which contain 7.7 million and 8.7 million people respectively . San Jose is a global city , notable as a center of innovation , for its affluence , Mediterranean climate , and extremely high cost of living . San Jose 's location within the booming high tech industry , as a cultural , political , and economic center has earned the city the nickname Capital of Silicon Valley . San Jose is one of the wealthiest major cities in the United States and the world , and has the third highest GDP per capita in the world ( after Zürich , Switzerland and Oslo , Norway ) , according to the Brookings Institution . The San Jose Metropolitan Area has the most millionaires and the most billionaires in the United States per capita . With a median home price of $ 1,085,000 , San Jose has the most expensive housing market in the country and the fifth most expensive housing market in the world , according to the 2017 Demographia International Housing Affordability Survey . Major global tech companies including Cisco Systems , eBay , Adobe Systems , PayPal , Broadcom , Samsung , Acer , Hewlett Packard Enterprise , and Western Digital maintain their headquarters in San Jose , in the center of Silicon Valley ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Stockton,_California', 'summary': "Stockton is the county seat of San Joaquin County in the Central Valley of the U.S. state of California . Stockton was founded by Captain Charles Maria Weber in 1849 after he acquired Rancho Campo de los Franceses . The city is named after Robert F. Stockton , and it was the first community in California to have a name not of Spanish or Native American origin . The city is located on the San Joaquin River in the northern San Joaquin Valley and had an estimated population of 311,178 by the California Department of Finance for 2018 . Stockton is the 13th largest city in California and the 63rd largest city in the United States . It was named an All-America City in 1999 , 2004 , 2015 and again in 2017 . Built during the California Gold Rush , Stockton 's seaport serves as a gateway to the Central Valley and beyond . It provided easy access for trade and transportation to the southern gold mines . The University of the Pacific ( UOP ) , chartered in 1851 , is the oldest university in California , and has been located in Stockton since 1923 . In 2012 Stockton filed for what was then the largest municipal bankruptcy in US history , which had multiple causes including financial mismanagement in the 1990s , generous fringe benefits to unionized city employees , and the 2008 financial crisis . Stockton successfully exited bankruptcy in February 2015 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Silicon_Valley', 'summary': "Silicon Valley is a region in the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California that serves as a global center for high technology , innovation , and social media . It corresponds roughly to the geographical Santa Clara Valley , although its boundaries have increased in recent decades . San Jose is the Valley 's largest city , the third-largest in California , and the tenth-largest in the United States . Other major Silicon Valley cities include Palo Alto , Menlo Park , Redwood City , Cupertino , Santa Clara , Mountain View , and Sunnyvale . The San Jose Metropolitan Area has the third-highest GDP per capita in the world ( after Zurich , Switzerland and Oslo , Norway ) , according to the Brookings Institution . The word silicon in the name originally referred to the large number of innovators and manufacturers in the region specializing in silicon-based MOS transistors and integrated circuit chips . The area is now home to many of the world 's largest high-tech corporations , including the headquarters of more than 30 businesses in the Fortune 1000 , and thousands of startup companies . Silicon Valley also accounts for one-third of all of the venture capital investment in the United States , which has helped it to become a leading hub and startup ecosystem for high-tech innovation and scientific development . It was in Silicon Valley that the silicon-based integrated circuit , the microprocessor , and the microcomputer , among other technologies , were developed . As of 2013 , the region employed about a quarter of a million information technology workers . As more high-tech companies were established across San Jose and the Santa Clara Valley , and then north towards the Bay Area 's two other major cities , San Francisco and Oakland , the term Silicon Valley has come to have two definitions : a geographic one , referring to Santa Clara County , and a metonymical one , referring to all high-tech businesses in the Bay Area . The term is often used as a synecdoche for the American high-technology economic sector ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Alameda_County,_California', 'summary': 'Alameda County ( /ˌæləˈmiːdə/ AL-ə-MEE-də ) is a county in the state of California in the United States . As of the 2010 census , the population was 1,510,271 , making it the 7th-most populous county in the state . The county seat is Oakland . Alameda County is included in the San Francisco Bay Area , occupying much of the East Bay region . The Spanish word alameda means either , .a grove of poplars , .or a tree lined street a name originally used to describe the Arroyo de la Alameda . The willow and sycamore trees along the banks of the river reminded the early Spanish explorers of a road lined with trees . Although a strict translation to English might be Poplar Grove Creek , the name of the principal stream that flows through the county is now simply Alameda Creek . Alameda County is included in the San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley , CA Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is also included in the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland , CA Combined Statistical Area .'}, {'url': '/wiki/San_Joaquin_County,_California', 'summary': "San Joaquin County ( /ˌsæn hwɑːˈkiːn/ ) , officially the County of San Joaquin is a county in the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 685,306 . The county seat is Stockton . San Joaquin County comprises the Stockton-Lodi-Tracy metropolitan statistical area within the regional San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland combined statistical area . The county is located in Northern California 's Central Valley just east of the very highly populated nine-county San Francisco Bay Area region and is separated from the Bay Area by the Diablo Range of low mountains with its Altamont Pass . One of the smaller counties in area in California , it has a high population density and is growing rapidly due to overflow from the Bay area 's need for housing . The City of San Joaquin , despite sharing its name with the county , is located in Fresno County ."}]}, {'value': 'Bay Area Rapid Transit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Bay_Area_Rapid_Transit', 'summary': 'Bay Area Rapid Transit ( BART ) is a rapid transit public transportation system serving the San Francisco Bay Area in California . The heavy rail elevated and subway system connects San Francisco and Oakland with urban and suburban areas in Alameda , Contra Costa , and San Mateo counties . BART serves 48 stations along six routes on 112 miles ( 180 km ) of rapid transit lines , including a 10-mile ( 16 km ) spur line in eastern Contra Costa County which utilizes diesel multiple-unit trains and a 3.2-mile ( 5.1 km ) automated guideway transit line to the Oakland International Airport . With an average of 411,000 weekday passengers and 118 million annual passengers in fiscal year 2019 , BART is the fifth-busiest heavy rail rapid transit system in the United States . BART is operated by the Bay Area Rapid Transit District , formed in 1957 . The initial system opened in stages from 1972 to 1974 . The Silicon Valley BART Extension is scheduled to open in Milpitas and Berryessa ( San Jose ) in 2020 , in partnership with the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority ( VTA ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Heavy rail , light rail , automated guideway transit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Heavy_rail_transit', 'summary': 'Various terms are used for passenger rail lines and equipment-the usage of these terms differs substantially between areas :'}, {'url': '/wiki/Light_rail', 'summary': 'Light rail transit ( LRT ) is a form of urban rail transit using rolling stock similar to a tram , but operating at a higher capacity , and often on an exclusive right-of-way .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Automated_guideway_transit', 'summary': 'The automated guideway transit ( AGT ) is a fully automated , driverless , grade-separated transit system in which vehicles are automatically guided along a guideway . The vehicles are often rubber tired or steel wheeled , but other systems including air cushion and maglev systems have also been used in experiments . The guideway normally provides both physical support , like a road , as well as the guidance . In the case of fixed-route systems , the two are often the same in the same way that a rail line provides both support and guidance for a train . For systems with multiple routes , most AGT systems use smaller wheels riding on the guideway to steer the vehicle using conventional steering arrangements like those on a car . AGT covers a wide variety of systems , from limited group rapid transit ( GRT ) systems ( also known as people mover systems ) , like those commonly found at airports , to more complex mass transit systems like the Vancouver SkyTrain . In the people mover role the term automated people mover ( APM ) is sometimes used , although this distinction is relatively rare because most people movers are automated . Larger systems span a variety of conceptual designs , from subway-like advanced rapid transit ( ART ) systems to smaller ( typically two to six passengers ) vehicles known as personal rapid transit ( PRT ) which offer direct point-to-point travel along a switched network .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Bay Area Rapid Transit ( BART ) operates in the San Francisco Bay Area , connecting San Francisco with cities in the East Bay and suburbs in northern San Mateo County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area', 'summary': "The San Francisco Bay Area , popularly referred to as the Bay Area or simply the Bay , is a populous region surrounding the San Francisco , San Pablo , and Suisun Bay estuaries in Northern California . Although the exact boundaries of the region vary depending on the source , the Bay Area is defined by the Association of Bay Area Governments to include the nine counties that border the aforementioned estuaries : Alameda , Contra Costa , Marin , Napa , San Mateo , Santa Clara , Solano , Sonoma , and San Francisco . Other sources may exclude parts of or even entire counties , or expand the definition to include neighboring counties that do not border the bay such as San Benito , San Joaquin , and Santa Cruz . Home to approximately 7.75 million people , Northern California 's nine-county Bay Area contains many cities , towns , airports , and associated regional , state , and national parks , connected by a complex multimodal transportation network . The larger combined statistical area of the region , which includes fourteen counties , is the second-largest in California ( after the Greater Los Angeles area ) , the fifth-largest in the United States , and the 41st-largest urban area in the world with 9.67 million people . The Bay Area 's population is ethnically diverse : for example , roughly half of the region 's residents are Hispanic , Asian , African American , or Pacific Islander , all of whom have a significant presence throughout the region . The earliest archaeological evidence of human settlements in the Bay Area dates back to 8000-10,000 BC ( from shell mounds in the Coyote Hills ) . In 1769 , the Bay Area was inhabited by the Ohlone people when a Spanish exploration party led by Gaspar de Portolà entered the Bay - the first documented European visit to the Bay Area . After Mexico established independence from Spain in 1821 , the region was briefly controlled by the Mexican government until the United States purchased the territory in 1846 during the Mexican-American War . Soon after , discovery of gold in California attracted a flood of treasure seekers , many using ports in the Bay Area as an entry point . During the early years of California 's statehood , state legislative business rotated between three locations in the Bay Area before a permanent state capital was established in Sacramento . A major earthquake leveled the city of San Francisco and environs in 1906 , but the region quickly rebuilt in time to host the 1915 Panama-Pacific Exposition ."}, {'url': '/wiki/San_Francisco', 'summary': "San Francisco , officially the City and County of San Francisco and colloquially known as SF , San Fran , Frisco , or The City , is the cultural , commercial , and financial center of Northern California . San Francisco is the 15th most populous city in the United States , and the fourth most populous in California , with 883,305 residents as of 2018 . It covers an area of about 46.89 square miles ( 121.4 km2 ) , mostly at the north end of the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area , making it the second most densely populated large U.S. city , and the fifth most densely populated U.S. county , behind only four of the five New York City boroughs . San Francisco is the 12th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States by population , with 4.7 million people , and the 4th-largest by economic output , with GDP of $ 549 billion in 2018 . With San Jose , it forms the fifth most populous combined statistical area in the United States , the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland , CA Combined Statistical Area ( 9.67 million residents in 2018 ) . As of 2018 , San Francisco was the seventh-highest-income county in the United States , with a per capita personal income of $ 130,696 . In the same year , San Francisco proper had a GDP of $ 183.2 billion , and a GDP per capita of $ 207,371 . The CSA San Francisco shares with San Jose and Oakland was the country 's third-largest urban economy as of 2018 , with a GDP of $ 1.03 trillion . Of the 500+ primary statistical areas in the U.S. , this CSA had among the highest GDP per capita in 2018 , at $ 106,757 . San Francisco was ranked 12th in the world and 2nd in the United States on the Global Financial Centres Index as of September 2019 . As of 2016 , the San Francisco metropolitan area had the highest GDP per capita , labor productivity , and household income levels in the OECD . San Francisco was founded on June 29 , 1776 , when colonists from Spain established Presidio of San Francisco at the Golden Gate and Mission San Francisco de Asís a few miles away , all named for St. Francis of Assisi ."}, {'url': '/wiki/East_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)', 'summary': 'The East Bay is the eastern region of the San Francisco Bay Area and includes cities along the eastern shores of the San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay . The region has grown to include inland communities in Alameda and Contra Costa Counties . With a population of roughly 2.5 million in 2010 , it is the most populous subregion in the Bay Area . Oakland is the largest city in the East Bay and the third largest in the Bay Area . The city serves as a major transportation hub for the U.S. West Coast , and its port is the largest in Northern California . Increased population has led to the growth of large edge cities such as Alameda , Concord , Emeryville , Fremont , Pleasanton , San Ramon and Walnut Creek .'}, {'url': '/wiki/San_Mateo_County,_California', 'summary': "San Mateo County ( /ˌsæn məˈteɪ.oʊ/ SAN mə-TAY-oh ) , officially the County of San Mateo , is a county located in the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 718,451 . The county seat is Redwood City . San Mateo County is included in the San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley , CA Metropolitan Statistical Area , and is part of the San Francisco Bay Area , the nine counties bordering San Francisco Bay . It covers most of the San Francisco Peninsula . San Francisco International Airport is located at the northern end of the county , and Silicon Valley begins at the southern end . The county 's built-up areas are mostly suburban with some areas being very urban , and are home to several corporate campuses ."}]}, {'value': 'Caltrain', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Caltrain', 'summary': 'Caltrain ( reporting mark JPBX ) is a California commuter rail line on the San Francisco Peninsula and in the Santa Clara Valley ( Silicon Valley ) . The northern terminus of the line is in San Francisco at 4th and King Streets ; its southern terminus is in San Jose at Diridon Station with select trains running as far as Gilroy . Trains leave San Francisco and San Jose hourly during weekdays , and every 90 minutes during weekends , with limited stop service during rush hour running every 20 minutes , and Baby Bullet express service running every 30 minutes . Extra trains are often run for special events held in Oracle Park in San Francisco , Stanford Stadium in Palo Alto , and SAP Center in San Jose . Caltrain operates 92 weekday trains , six of which extend to Gilroy . Weekday ridership in February 2018 averaged 65,095 . Caltrain is governed by the Peninsula Corridor Joint Powers Board ( PCJPB ) which consists of agencies from the three counties served by Caltrain : San Francisco , San Mateo and Santa Clara . Each member agency has three representatives on a nine-member Board of Directors . The member agencies are the City and County of San Francisco , SamTrans and the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority . Caltrain has 28 regular stops , one limited-service weekday-only stop ( College Park ) , one football-only stop ( Stanford ) , and two weekend-only stops ( Broadway and Atherton ) . As of July 2018 Caltrain runs 92 weekday trains ( 22 Baby Bullet ) , 36 Saturday ( 4 Baby Bullet ) , and 32 Sunday ( 4 Baby Bullet ) .'}]}, {'value': 'Commuter rail', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Caltrain runs from San Francisco south down the San Francisco Peninsula to the Silicon Valley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Francisco', 'summary': "San Francisco , officially the City and County of San Francisco and colloquially known as SF , San Fran , Frisco , or The City , is the cultural , commercial , and financial center of Northern California . San Francisco is the 15th most populous city in the United States , and the fourth most populous in California , with 883,305 residents as of 2018 . It covers an area of about 46.89 square miles ( 121.4 km2 ) , mostly at the north end of the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area , making it the second most densely populated large U.S. city , and the fifth most densely populated U.S. county , behind only four of the five New York City boroughs . San Francisco is the 12th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States by population , with 4.7 million people , and the 4th-largest by economic output , with GDP of $ 549 billion in 2018 . With San Jose , it forms the fifth most populous combined statistical area in the United States , the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland , CA Combined Statistical Area ( 9.67 million residents in 2018 ) . As of 2018 , San Francisco was the seventh-highest-income county in the United States , with a per capita personal income of $ 130,696 . In the same year , San Francisco proper had a GDP of $ 183.2 billion , and a GDP per capita of $ 207,371 . The CSA San Francisco shares with San Jose and Oakland was the country 's third-largest urban economy as of 2018 , with a GDP of $ 1.03 trillion . Of the 500+ primary statistical areas in the U.S. , this CSA had among the highest GDP per capita in 2018 , at $ 106,757 . San Francisco was ranked 12th in the world and 2nd in the United States on the Global Financial Centres Index as of September 2019 . As of 2016 , the San Francisco metropolitan area had the highest GDP per capita , labor productivity , and household income levels in the OECD . San Francisco was founded on June 29 , 1776 , when colonists from Spain established Presidio of San Francisco at the Golden Gate and Mission San Francisco de Asís a few miles away , all named for St. Francis of Assisi ."}, {'url': '/wiki/San_Francisco_Peninsula', 'summary': 'The San Francisco Peninsula is a peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area that separates San Francisco Bay from the Pacific Ocean . On its northern tip is the City and County of San Francisco . Its southern base is in northern Santa Clara County , including the cities of Palo Alto , Mountain View , and Los Altos . Most of the Peninsula is occupied by San Mateo County , between San Francisco and Santa Clara counties , and including the cities and towns of Atherton , Belmont , Brisbane , Burlingame , Colma , Daly City , East Palo Alto , El Granada , Foster City , Hillsborough , Half Moon Bay , La Honda , Loma Mar , Los Altos , Menlo Park , Millbrae , Mountain View , Pacifica , Palo Alto , Pescadero , Portola Valley , Redwood City , San Bruno , San Carlos , San Mateo , South San Francisco , Sunnyvale , and Woodside . Whereas the term peninsula technically refers to the entire geographical San Franciscan Peninsula , in local jargon , The Peninsula does not include the city of San Francisco .'}, {'url': '/wiki/Silicon_Valley', 'summary': "Silicon Valley is a region in the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California that serves as a global center for high technology , innovation , and social media . It corresponds roughly to the geographical Santa Clara Valley , although its boundaries have increased in recent decades . San Jose is the Valley 's largest city , the third-largest in California , and the tenth-largest in the United States . Other major Silicon Valley cities include Palo Alto , Menlo Park , Redwood City , Cupertino , Santa Clara , Mountain View , and Sunnyvale . The San Jose Metropolitan Area has the third-highest GDP per capita in the world ( after Zurich , Switzerland and Oslo , Norway ) , according to the Brookings Institution . The word silicon in the name originally referred to the large number of innovators and manufacturers in the region specializing in silicon-based MOS transistors and integrated circuit chips . The area is now home to many of the world 's largest high-tech corporations , including the headquarters of more than 30 businesses in the Fortune 1000 , and thousands of startup companies . Silicon Valley also accounts for one-third of all of the venture capital investment in the United States , which has helped it to become a leading hub and startup ecosystem for high-tech innovation and scientific development . It was in Silicon Valley that the silicon-based integrated circuit , the microprocessor , and the microcomputer , among other technologies , were developed . As of 2013 , the region employed about a quarter of a million information technology workers . As more high-tech companies were established across San Jose and the Santa Clara Valley , and then north towards the Bay Area 's two other major cities , San Francisco and Oakland , the term Silicon Valley has come to have two definitions : a geographic one , referring to Santa Clara County , and a metonymical one , referring to all high-tech businesses in the Bay Area . The term is often used as a synecdoche for the American high-technology economic sector ."}]}, {'value': 'COASTER', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Coaster_(San_Diego)', 'summary': 'Coaster ( stylized as COASTER ) ( reporting mark NCTC ) is a commuter rail service that operates in the central and northern coastal regions of San Diego County , California , United States . The service is currently operated by Bombardier Transportation on contract with North County Transit District ( NCTD ) . The service has eight stops and operates primarily during weekday peak periods , with additional weekend and holiday service .'}]}, {'value': 'Commuter rail', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The San Diego Coast Express Rail ( COASTER ) operates in the central and northern coastal regions of San Diego County , running from San Diego north to Oceanside', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_County,_San_Diego', 'summary': "North County is a region in the northern area of San Diego County , California . It is the second-most populous region in the county ( after San Diego ) , with an estimated population of 869,322 . North County is well known for its affluence , especially in Encinitas , Carlsbad , Del Mar , Rancho Santa Fe , and Solana Beach , where house prices range , on average , above one million dollars . Cities along the 78 freeway ( Oceanside , Vista , San Marcos ) have more upper middle class incomes , while Escondido has more mixed income . Beach culture is prominent in the area , and many of the region 's beaches and lagoons are protected areas to help ensure the environment remains pristine , though there has been pressure from commercial entities to develop some of these areas ."}, {'url': '/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California', 'summary': "San Diego County , officially the County of San Diego , is a county in the southwestern corner of the state of California , in the United States . As of the 2010 census , the population was 3,095,313. making it California 's second-most populous county and the fifth-most populous in the United States . Its county seat is San Diego , the eighth-most populous city in the United States . It is the southwesternmost county in the 48 contiguous United States . San Diego County comprises the San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad , CA Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is the 17th most populous metropolitan statistical area and the 18th most populous primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1 , 2012 . San Diego is also part of the San Diego-Tijuana metropolitan area , the largest metropolitan area shared between the United States and Mexico . Greater San Diego ranks as the 38th largest metropolitan area in the Americas . San Diego County has more than 70 miles ( 110 km ) of coastline . This forms the most densely populated region of the county , which has a mild Mediterranean to semiarid climate and extensive chaparral vegetation , similar to the rest of the western portion of southern California . Precipitation and temperature extremes increase to the east , with mountains that receive frost and snow in the winter . These lushly forested mountains receive more rainfall than average in southern California , while the desert region of the county lies in a rain shadow to the east , which extends into the Desert Southwest region of North America . There are also 16 naval and military installations of the U.S. Navy , U.S. Marine Corps , and the U.S. Coast Guard in San Diego County ."}, {'url': '/wiki/San_Diego', 'summary': "San Diego ( /ˌsæn diˈeɪɡoʊ/ , Spanish : [ san ˈdjeɣo ] ; Spanish for Saint Didacus ) is a city in the U.S. state of California on the coast of the Pacific Ocean , approximately 120 miles ( 190 km ) south of Los Angeles and immediately adjacent to the border with Mexico . With an estimated population of 1,425,976 as of July 1 , 2018 , San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California . It is part of the San Diego-Tijuana conurbation , the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the U.S. and a bordering country after Detroit-Windsor , with a population of 4,922,723 people . The city is known for its mild year-round climate , natural deep-water harbor , extensive beaches , long association with the United States Navy , and recent emergence as a healthcare and biotechnology development center . San Diego has been called the birthplace of California . Historically home to the Kumeyaay people , it was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States . Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542 , Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the area for Spain , forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California 200 years later . The Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcalá , founded in 1769 , formed the first European settlement in what is now California . In 1821 , San Diego became part of the newly declared Mexican Empire , which reformed as the First Mexican Republic two years later . California became part of the United States in 1848 following the Mexican-American War and was admitted to the union as a state in 1850 . The city is the seat of San Diego County and is the economic center of the region as well as the San Diego-Tijuana metropolitan area . San Diego 's main economic engines are military and defense-related activities , tourism , international trade , and manufacturing ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Oceanside,_California', 'summary': "Oceanside is a coastal city located on California 's South Coast . It is the third-largest city in San Diego County , California . The city had a population of 167,086 at the 2010 census . Together with Carlsbad and Vista , it forms a tri-city area . Oceanside is located just south of Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton ."}]}, {'value': 'Metro Rail', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Metro_Rail_(Los_Angeles_County)', 'summary': 'The Los Angeles Metro Rail is an urban rail transportation system serving Los Angeles County , California . It consists of six lines , including two rapid transit subway lines ( the B and D lines ) and four light rail lines ( the A , C , L and E lines ) serving 93 stations . It connects with the Metro Busway bus rapid transit system ( the G Line ( Orange ) and J Line ( Silver ) ) and also with the Metrolink commuter rail system . Metro Rail is owned and operated by the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority ( Metro ) and started service in 1990 . It has been extended significantly since that time and several further extensions are either in the works or being considered . The system served a ridership of 344,176 on an average weekday in 2018 . Los Angeles had two previous rail transit systems , the Pacific Electric Red Car and Los Angeles Railway Yellow Car lines , which operated between the late 19th century and the 1960s . The Metro Rail system utilizes many of their former rights-of-way , and thus can be considered their indirect successor .'}]}, {'value': 'Heavy and light rail', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Light_rail', 'summary': 'Light rail transit ( LRT ) is a form of urban rail transit using rolling stock similar to a tram , but operating at a higher capacity , and often on an exclusive right-of-way .'}]}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Metro Rail is an integrated subway and light rail system serving Los Angeles County', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles_County', 'summary': "Los Angeles County , officially the County of Los Angeles , in the Los Angeles metropolitan area of the U.S. state of California , is the single most populous county in the United States , with more than 10 million inhabitants as of 2018 [ update ] . As such , it is the largest non-state level government entity in the United States . Its population is larger than that of 41 individual U.S. states . It is the third-largest metropolitan economy in the world , with a Nominal GDP of over $ 700 billion - larger than the GDPs of countries such as Belgium , Norway , or Taiwan . It has 88 incorporated cities and many unincorporated areas and , at 4,083 square miles ( 10,570 km2 ) , it is larger than the combined areas of Delaware and Rhode Island . The county is home to more than one-quarter of California residents and is one of the most ethnically-diverse counties in the U.S. Its county seat , Los Angeles , is also California 's most populous city and the second most populous city in the U.S. , with about 4 million residents ."}]}, {'value': 'Metrolink', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Metrolink_(Southern_California)', 'summary': "Metrolink ( reporting mark SCAX ) is a commuter rail system in Southern California consisting of seven lines and 62 stations operating on 534 miles ( 859 km ) of rail network . The system operates in Los Angeles , Orange , Riverside , San Bernardino , and Ventura counties , as well as to Oceanside in San Diego County . It connects with the Los Angeles County Metro Rail and Metro Busway system , the San Diego Coaster commuter rail and Sprinter light rail services , and with Amtrak 's Pacific Surfliner , Coast Starlight , Southwest Chief , Sunset Limited , and Texas Eagle intercity rail services . Metrolink owns several hundred miles of rail ; however , it also shares some track with freight trains . The system , founded in 1991 as the Southern California Regional Rail Authority ( SCRRA ) and adopting Metrolink as its moniker , started operation in 1992 . Average weekday ridership was 42,928 as of 2017 ."}]}, {'value': 'Commuter rail', 'urls': []}, {'value': '7', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Metrolink serves Los Angeles and the surrounding area of Southern California , connecting Los Angeles , San Diego , Orange , Riverside , San Bernardino and Ventura Counties', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles', 'summary': "Los Angeles ( /lɔːs ˈændʒələs/ ( listen ) ; [ a ] Spanish : Los Ángeles ; Spanish for The Angels ) , officially the City of Los Angeles and often known by its initials L.A. , is the most populous city in California ; the second most populous city in the United States , after New York City ; and the third most populous city in North America , after Mexico City and New York City . With an estimated population of nearly four million people , Los Angeles is the cultural , financial , and commercial center of Southern California . The city is known for its Mediterranean climate , ethnic diversity , Hollywood , the entertainment industry , and its sprawling metropolis . Los Angeles lies in a basin in Southern California , adjacent to the Pacific Ocean , with mountains as high as 10,000 feet ( 3,000 m ) , and deserts . The city , which covers about 469 square miles ( 1,210 km2 ) , is the seat of Los Angeles County , the most populous county in the United States . The Los Angeles metropolitan area ( MSA ) is the second-largest metropolitan area in the nation with a population of 13.1 million people . Greater Los Angeles , which includes the metro area of Riverside and San Bernardino , is the nation 's second most populous combined statistical area , with a 2015 estimate of 18.7 million people . Historically home to the Chumash and Tongva , Los Angeles was claimed by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo for Spain in 1542 . The city was officially founded on September 4 , 1781 , by Spanish governor Felipe de Neve . It became a part of Mexico in 1821 following the Mexican War of Independence . In 1848 , at the end of the Mexican-American War , Los Angeles and the rest of California were purchased as part of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo , and thus became part of the United States . Los Angeles was incorporated as a municipality on April 4 , 1850 , five months before California achieved statehood ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Southern_California', 'summary': "Southern California ( colloquially known as SoCal ; Spanish : Sur de California ) is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises the southernmost counties of California , and is the second most populous urban agglomeration in the United States . The region contains ten counties : Imperial , Kern , Los Angeles , Orange , Riverside , San Bernardino , San Diego , Santa Barbara , San Luis Obispo and Ventura counties . The Colorado Desert and the Colorado River are located on southern California 's eastern border with Arizona , and the Mojave Desert is located north on California 's Nevada border . Southern California 's southern border is part of the Mexico-United States border ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California', 'summary': "Los Angeles County , officially the County of Los Angeles , in the Los Angeles metropolitan area of the U.S. state of California , is the single most populous county in the United States , with more than 10 million inhabitants as of 2018 [ update ] . As such , it is the largest non-state level government entity in the United States . Its population is larger than that of 41 individual U.S. states . It is the third-largest metropolitan economy in the world , with a Nominal GDP of over $ 700 billion - larger than the GDPs of countries such as Belgium , Norway , or Taiwan . It has 88 incorporated cities and many unincorporated areas and , at 4,083 square miles ( 10,570 km2 ) , it is larger than the combined areas of Delaware and Rhode Island . The county is home to more than one-quarter of California residents and is one of the most ethnically-diverse counties in the U.S. Its county seat , Los Angeles , is also California 's most populous city and the second most populous city in the U.S. , with about 4 million residents ."}, {'url': '/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California', 'summary': "San Diego County , officially the County of San Diego , is a county in the southwestern corner of the state of California , in the United States . As of the 2010 census , the population was 3,095,313. making it California 's second-most populous county and the fifth-most populous in the United States . Its county seat is San Diego , the eighth-most populous city in the United States . It is the southwesternmost county in the 48 contiguous United States . San Diego County comprises the San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad , CA Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is the 17th most populous metropolitan statistical area and the 18th most populous primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1 , 2012 . San Diego is also part of the San Diego-Tijuana metropolitan area , the largest metropolitan area shared between the United States and Mexico . Greater San Diego ranks as the 38th largest metropolitan area in the Americas . San Diego County has more than 70 miles ( 110 km ) of coastline . This forms the most densely populated region of the county , which has a mild Mediterranean to semiarid climate and extensive chaparral vegetation , similar to the rest of the western portion of southern California . Precipitation and temperature extremes increase to the east , with mountains that receive frost and snow in the winter . These lushly forested mountains receive more rainfall than average in southern California , while the desert region of the county lies in a rain shadow to the east , which extends into the Desert Southwest region of North America . There are also 16 naval and military installations of the U.S. Navy , U.S. Marine Corps , and the U.S. Coast Guard in San Diego County ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Orange_County,_California', 'summary': "Orange County is a county located in the Los Angeles metropolitan area in the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 3,010,232 , making it the third-most populous county in California , the sixth most populous in the U.S. , and more populous than 21 U.S. states . Although mostly suburban , it is the second most densely populated county in the state , behind San Francisco County . The county 's four most populous cities , Anaheim , Santa Ana ( the county seat ) , Irvine , and Huntington Beach , each have a population exceeding 200,000 . Six cities are on the Pacific coast , including Seal Beach , Huntington Beach , Newport Beach , Laguna Beach , Dana Point , and San Clemente . Orange County is included in the Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim Metropolitan Statistical Area . The county has 34 incorporated cities . Older cities like Santa Ana , Anaheim , and Fullerton have traditional downtowns dating back to the 19th century , while newer commercial development or edge cities stretch along I-5 between Disneyland and Santa Ana and between South Coast Plaza and the Irvine Business Complex , and cluster at Irvine Spectrum . Northern and Central Orange County , while single-family homes are still prevalent , is relatively more urbanized and dense , while beyond Irvine , the county is relatively less dense , though still contiguous , suburban and not exurban . The county is a tourist center , with attractions like Disneyland , Knott 's Berry Farm , and several popular beaches along its more than 40 miles ( 64 km ) of coastline ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Riverside_County,_California', 'summary': 'Riverside County is a county located in the southern portion of the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 2,189,641 , making it the fourth-most populous county in California and the 11th-most populous in the United States . The name was derived from the city of Riverside , which is the county seat . Riverside County is included in the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario Metropolitan Statistical Area , also known as the Inland Empire . The county is also included in the Los Angeles-Long Beach Combined Statistical Area . Roughly rectangular , Riverside County covers 7,208 square miles ( 18,670 km2 ) in Southern California , spanning from the greater Los Angeles area to the Arizona border . Geographically , the county is mostly desert in the central and eastern portions , but has a Mediterranean climate in the western portion . Most of Joshua Tree National Park is located in the county . The resort cities of Palm Springs , Palm Desert , Indian Wells , La Quinta , Rancho Mirage , and Desert Hot Springs are all located in the Coachella Valley region of central Riverside County . Large numbers of Los Angeles area workers have moved to the county in recent years ( data from the US Census Bureau for 2007 through 2011 ) to take advantage of relatively affordable housing . Along with neighboring San Bernardino County , it was one of the fastest growing regions in the state prior to the recent changes in the regional economy . In addition , smaller , but significant , numbers of people have been moving into southwest Riverside County from the San Diego metropolitan area .'}, {'url': '/wiki/San_Bernardino_County,_California', 'summary': "San Bernardino County , officially the County of San Bernardino , is a county located in the southern portion of the U.S. state of California , and is located within the Inland Empire area . As of the 2010 U.S. Census , the population was 2,035,210 , making it the fifth-most populous county in California and the 14th-most populous in the United States . The county seat is San Bernardino . While included within the Greater Los Angeles area , San Bernardino County is included in the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario metropolitan statistical area ( also known as the Inland Empire ) , as well as the Los Angeles-Long Beach combined statistical area . With an area of 20,105 square miles ( 52,070 km2 ) , San Bernardino County is the largest county in the United States by area , although some of Alaska 's boroughs and census areas are larger . The county is close to the size of West Virginia . This vast county stretches from where the bulk of the county population resides in three Census County Divisions ( Ontario , San Bernardino , & Victorville-Hesperia ) , holding 1,793,186 people as of the 2010 Census , covering the 1,730 square miles ( 4,480 km2 ) , across the thinly populated deserts and mountains . It spans an area from south of the San Bernardino Mountains in San Bernardino Valley , to the Nevada border and the Colorado River ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Ventura_County,_California', 'summary': 'Ventura County is a county in the southern part of the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 823,318 . The largest city is Oxnard , and the county seat is the city of Ventura . Ventura County comprises the Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura , CA Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is also included in the Los Angeles-Long Beach , CA Combined Statistical Area . It is also considered the southernmost county along the California Central Coast . Two of the California Channel Islands are part of the county : Anacapa Island , which is the most visited island in Channel Islands National Park , and San Nicolas Island .'}]}, {'value': 'Muni Metro', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Muni_Metro', 'summary': "The Muni Metro is a light rail system serving San Francisco , California , United States , operated by the San Francisco Municipal Railway ( Muni ) , a division of the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency ( SFMTA ) . With an average weekday ridership of 162,500 passengers as of the fourth quarter of 2017 , Muni Metro is the United States ' third busiest light rail system . Muni Metro operates a fleet of 151 Breda light rail vehicles ( LRVs ) , which are being supplemented and replaced by Siemens S200 SF LRVs . Muni Metro is the modern incarnation of the traditional streetcar system that had served San Francisco since the late 19th century . While many streetcar lines in other cities , and even in San Francisco itself , were converted to buses after World War II , five lines survived until the early 1980s , when they were rerouted into the newly built Market Street Subway . The system today traverses a number of different types of rights of way , including tunnels , reserved surface trackage with at-grade street crossings , and streetcar sections operating in mixed traffic ; surface stops range from high-platform stations to traditional curbside streetcar stops . Recently , the system has undergone expansion , most notably the Third Street Light Rail Project , completed in 2007 , which started the first new rail line in San Francisco in over half a century . Other projects , such as the Central Subway , are underway ."}]}, {'value': 'Light rail', 'urls': []}, {'value': '6', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Muni Metro is a premetro/light rail system connecting various neighborhoods and districts of San Francisco', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Francisco', 'summary': "San Francisco , officially the City and County of San Francisco and colloquially known as SF , San Fran , Frisco , or The City , is the cultural , commercial , and financial center of Northern California . San Francisco is the 15th most populous city in the United States , and the fourth most populous in California , with 883,305 residents as of 2018 . It covers an area of about 46.89 square miles ( 121.4 km2 ) , mostly at the north end of the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area , making it the second most densely populated large U.S. city , and the fifth most densely populated U.S. county , behind only four of the five New York City boroughs . San Francisco is the 12th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States by population , with 4.7 million people , and the 4th-largest by economic output , with GDP of $ 549 billion in 2018 . With San Jose , it forms the fifth most populous combined statistical area in the United States , the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland , CA Combined Statistical Area ( 9.67 million residents in 2018 ) . As of 2018 , San Francisco was the seventh-highest-income county in the United States , with a per capita personal income of $ 130,696 . In the same year , San Francisco proper had a GDP of $ 183.2 billion , and a GDP per capita of $ 207,371 . The CSA San Francisco shares with San Jose and Oakland was the country 's third-largest urban economy as of 2018 , with a GDP of $ 1.03 trillion . Of the 500+ primary statistical areas in the U.S. , this CSA had among the highest GDP per capita in 2018 , at $ 106,757 . San Francisco was ranked 12th in the world and 2nd in the United States on the Global Financial Centres Index as of September 2019 . As of 2016 , the San Francisco metropolitan area had the highest GDP per capita , labor productivity , and household income levels in the OECD . San Francisco was founded on June 29 , 1776 , when colonists from Spain established Presidio of San Francisco at the Golden Gate and Mission San Francisco de Asís a few miles away , all named for St. Francis of Assisi ."}]}, {'value': 'Sacramento RT Light Rail', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sacramento_RT_Light_Rail', 'summary': "The Sacramento RT Light Rail system ( reporting mark SCRT ) is a 42.9 mi ( 69.0 km ) light rail system , consisting of three rail lines , 54 stations , and 76 vehicles . It is operated by the Sacramento Regional Transit District . Sacramento 's light rail system , with an average of 36,800 weekday daily boardings in Q3 2018 , is the sixteenth busiest in the United States ."}]}, {'value': 'Light rail', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Sacramento Regional Transit District ( RT ) light rail system serves Sacramento and vicinity', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sacramento,_California', 'summary': "Sacramento ( /ˌsækrəˈmɛntoʊ/ SAK-rə-MEN-toh ; Spanish : [ sakɾaˈmento ] ; Spanish for sacrament ) is the capital city of the U.S. state of California and the seat of Sacramento County . Located at the confluence of the Sacramento River and the American River in Northern California 's Sacramento Valley , Sacramento 's estimated 2018 population of 501,334 makes it the sixth-largest city in California and the ninth largest capital in the United States . Sacramento is the seat of the California Legislature and the Governor of California , making it the state 's political center and a hub for lobbying and think tanks . Sacramento is also the cultural and economic core of the Sacramento metropolitan area , which had a 2010 population of 2,414,783 , making it the fifth largest in California . Before the arrival of the Spanish , the area was inhabited by the Nisenan , indigenous peoples of California . Spanish cavalryman Gabriel Moraga surveyed and named the Rio del Santísimo Sacramento ( Sacramento River ) in 1808 , after the Blessed Sacrament , referring to the Eucharist in the Catholic Church . In 1839 , Juan Bautista Alvarado , Mexican governor of Alta California , granted the responsibility of colonizing the Sacramento Valley to Swiss-born Mexican citizen John Augustus Sutter , who subsequently established Sutter 's Fort and the settlement at the Rancho Nueva Helvetia . Following the American Conquest of California and the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo , the waterfront developed by Sutter began to be developed , and incorporated in 1850 as the City of Sacramento . As a result of the California Gold Rush , Sacramento became a major commercial center and distribution point for Northern California , serving as the terminus for the Pony Express and the First Transcontinental Railroad . Sacramento is the fastest-growing major city in California , owing to its status as a notable financial center on the West Coast and as a major educational hub , home of California State University , Sacramento and University of California , Davis . Similarly , Sacramento is a major center for the California healthcare industry , as the seat of Sutter Health , the world-renowned UC Davis Medical Center , and the UC Davis School of Medicine , and notable tourist destination in California , as the site of The California Museum , the Crocker Art Museum , the California State Railroad Museum , the California Hall of Fame , the California State Capitol Museum , and the Old Sacramento State Historic Park . Sacramento International Airport , located northwest of the city , is the city 's major airport ."}]}, {'value': 'San Diego Trolley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Diego_Trolley', 'summary': "The San Diego Trolley ( reporting mark SDTI ) is a light rail system operating in the metropolitan area of San Diego . It is known colloquially as The Trolley . The Trolley 's operator , San Diego Trolley , Inc. ( SDTI ) , is a subsidiary of the San Diego Metropolitan Transit System ( MTS ) . The Trolley began service on July 26 , 1981 , making it the oldest of the second-generation light rail systems in the United States . The entire Trolley network serves 53 stations , and comprises 53.5 miles ( 86.1 km ) of route , and three primary lines named the Blue Line , the Orange Line , and the Green Line , as well as a supplementary heritage streetcar downtown circulator known as the Silver Line that operates on select weekdays , weekends and holidays . In Q4 2014 , the Trolley was the 5th most-ridden light rail system in the United States , with an average of 119,800 riders per weekday . The San Diego Trolley is operated by MTS , which is one of the oldest transit systems in Southern California dating back to the 1880s , although its operating names have changed over the years . San Diego Trolley initially used the same German-built Siemens-Duewag U2 vehicles as the Edmonton Light Rail Transit system in Edmonton and the C-Train in Calgary , Alberta , Canada , and the Frankfurt U-Bahn in Frankfurt , Germany . The fleet has since been expanded to include Siemens SD-100 vehicles , and most recently Siemens S70 vehicles ."}]}, {'value': 'Light rail', 'urls': []}, {'value': '4', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The San Diego Trolley serves the metropolitan area of San Diego', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Diego', 'summary': "San Diego ( /ˌsæn diˈeɪɡoʊ/ , Spanish : [ san ˈdjeɣo ] ; Spanish for Saint Didacus ) is a city in the U.S. state of California on the coast of the Pacific Ocean , approximately 120 miles ( 190 km ) south of Los Angeles and immediately adjacent to the border with Mexico . With an estimated population of 1,425,976 as of July 1 , 2018 , San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California . It is part of the San Diego-Tijuana conurbation , the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the U.S. and a bordering country after Detroit-Windsor , with a population of 4,922,723 people . The city is known for its mild year-round climate , natural deep-water harbor , extensive beaches , long association with the United States Navy , and recent emergence as a healthcare and biotechnology development center . San Diego has been called the birthplace of California . Historically home to the Kumeyaay people , it was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States . Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542 , Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the area for Spain , forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California 200 years later . The Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcalá , founded in 1769 , formed the first European settlement in what is now California . In 1821 , San Diego became part of the newly declared Mexican Empire , which reformed as the First Mexican Republic two years later . California became part of the United States in 1848 following the Mexican-American War and was admitted to the union as a state in 1850 . The city is the seat of San Diego County and is the economic center of the region as well as the San Diego-Tijuana metropolitan area . San Diego 's main economic engines are military and defense-related activities , tourism , international trade , and manufacturing ."}]}, {'value': 'San Francisco cable car system', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Francisco_cable_car_system', 'summary': "The San Francisco cable car system is the world 's last manually operated cable car system . An icon of San Francisco , the cable car system forms part of the intermodal urban transport network operated by the San Francisco Municipal Railway . Of the 23 lines established between 1873 and 1890 , only three remain ( one of which combines parts of two earlier lines ) : two routes from downtown near Union Square to Fisherman 's Wharf , and a third route along California Street . While the cable cars are used to a certain extent by commuters , the vast majority of their seven million annual passengers are tourists , and as a result , the wait to get on can often reach two hours or more . They are among the most significant tourist attractions in the city , along with Alcatraz Island , the Golden Gate Bridge , and Fisherman 's Wharf . The cable cars are listed on the National Register of Historic Places . The cable cars are separate from San Francisco 's heritage streetcars , which operate on Market Street and the Embarcadero , as well as from the more modern Muni Metro light rail system ."}]}, {'value': 'Streetcar', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Streetcar', 'summary': 'A tram ( in North America streetcar or trolley ) is a rail vehicle that runs on tramway tracks along public urban streets ; some include segments of segregated right-of-way . The lines or networks operated by tramcars are called tramways . Historically the term electric street railways was also used in the United States . In the United States , the term tram has sometimes been used for rubber-tired trackless trains , which are unrelated to other kinds of trams . Tram vehicles are usually lighter and shorter than main line and rapid transit trains . Today , most trams use electrical power , usually fed by a pantograph sliding on an overhead line ; older systems may use a trolley pole or a bow collector . In some cases by a contact shoe on a third rail is used . If necessary , they may have dual power systems - electricity in city streets , and diesel in more rural environments . Occasionally , trams also carry freight . Trams are now commonly included in the wider term light rail , which also includes grade-separated systems . Some trams , known as tram-trains , may have segments that run on mainline railway tracks , similar to interurban systems . The differences between these modes of rail transport are often indistinct , and a given system may combine multiple features .'}]}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': "The world 's last manually operated cable car system continues to operate in northeast San Francisco , but the system 's small service area and premium fares for single rides currently make the cable cars used more as a tourist attraction", 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Francisco', 'summary': "San Francisco , officially the City and County of San Francisco and colloquially known as SF , San Fran , Frisco , or The City , is the cultural , commercial , and financial center of Northern California . San Francisco is the 15th most populous city in the United States , and the fourth most populous in California , with 883,305 residents as of 2018 . It covers an area of about 46.89 square miles ( 121.4 km2 ) , mostly at the north end of the San Francisco Peninsula in the San Francisco Bay Area , making it the second most densely populated large U.S. city , and the fifth most densely populated U.S. county , behind only four of the five New York City boroughs . San Francisco is the 12th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States by population , with 4.7 million people , and the 4th-largest by economic output , with GDP of $ 549 billion in 2018 . With San Jose , it forms the fifth most populous combined statistical area in the United States , the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland , CA Combined Statistical Area ( 9.67 million residents in 2018 ) . As of 2018 , San Francisco was the seventh-highest-income county in the United States , with a per capita personal income of $ 130,696 . In the same year , San Francisco proper had a GDP of $ 183.2 billion , and a GDP per capita of $ 207,371 . The CSA San Francisco shares with San Jose and Oakland was the country 's third-largest urban economy as of 2018 , with a GDP of $ 1.03 trillion . Of the 500+ primary statistical areas in the U.S. , this CSA had among the highest GDP per capita in 2018 , at $ 106,757 . San Francisco was ranked 12th in the world and 2nd in the United States on the Global Financial Centres Index as of September 2019 . As of 2016 , the San Francisco metropolitan area had the highest GDP per capita , labor productivity , and household income levels in the OECD . San Francisco was founded on June 29 , 1776 , when colonists from Spain established Presidio of San Francisco at the Golden Gate and Mission San Francisco de Asís a few miles away , all named for St. Francis of Assisi ."}]}, {'value': 'Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sonoma–Marin_Area_Rail_Transit', 'summary': 'Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit ( SMART ) is a passenger rail service and bicycle-pedestrian pathway project in Sonoma and Marin counties of the U.S. state of California . When completed , the entire system will serve a 70-mile ( 110 km ) corridor between Cloverdale in northern Sonoma County and Larkspur Landing in Marin County . The first phase of the system , a 43-mile ( 69 km ) segment between Northern Santa Rosa and Downtown San Rafael , opened to public preview and excursion services ( as far south as Marin Civic Center ) on June 29 , 2017 . Regular service began on August 25 , 2017 , after Federal Railroad Administration ( FRA ) gave the final approval for the Positive Train Control ( PTC ) system . The southern two miles ( 3.2 km ) of the line was completed to Larkspur with service commencing on December 14 , 2019 .'}]}, {'value': 'Commuter rail', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'Sonoma-Marin Area Rail Transit ( SMART ) runs through Sonoma and Marin counties', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sonoma_County,_California', 'summary': "Sonoma County is a county in the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 United States Census , its population was 483,878 . Its county seat and largest city is Santa Rosa . It is to the north of Marin County and the south of Mendocino County . It is west of Napa County and Lake County . Sonoma County comprises the Santa Rosa-Petaluma , CA Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is also included in the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland , CA Combined Statistical Area . It is the northwesternmost county in the nine-county San Francisco Bay Area region . Sonoma is the southwestern county and largest producer of California 's Wine Country region , which also includes Napa , Mendocino , and Lake counties . It possesses thirteen approved American Viticultural Areas and over 350 wineries . In 2012 , Sonoma County ranked as the 22nd county in the United States in agricultural production . As early as 1920 , Sonoma County was ranked as the eighth most agriculturally productive US county and a leading producer of hops , grapes , prunes , apples , and dairy and poultry products , largely due to the extent of available , fertile agricultural land in addition to the abundance of high quality irrigation water . More than 8.4 million tourists visit each year , spending more than $ 1 billion in 2016 ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Marin_County,_California', 'summary': "Marin County /məˈrɪn/ is a county located in the San Francisco Bay Area of the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 252,409 . Its county seat is San Rafael . Marin County is included in the San Francisco-Oakland-Berkeley , CA Metropolitan Statistical Area across the Golden Gate Bridge from San Francisco . As of 2010 , Marin County had the fifth highest income per capita in the United States at $ 91,483 . [ needs update ] The county is governed by the Marin County Board of Supervisors . The county is also well known for its natural environment . [ citation needed ] San Quentin State Prison is located in the county , as is George Lucas ' Skywalker Ranch . Autodesk , the publisher of AutoCAD , is also located there , as well as numerous other high-tech companies . The Marin County Civic Center was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and draws thousands of visitors a year to guided tours of its arch and atrium design . In 1994 , a new county jail facility was embedded into the hillside nearby . Marin County 's natural sites include the Muir Woods redwood forest , the Marin Headlands , Stinson Beach , the Point Reyes National Seashore , and Mount Tamalpais ."}]}, {'value': 'SPRINTER', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Sprinter_(North_County_Transit_District)', 'summary': "The Sprinter ( stylized as SPRINTER ) is a DMU-operated light rail line operating between Oceanside and Escondido , California , United States . The service uses the pre-existing 22 miles ( 35 km ) Escondido Branch trackage of the San Diego Northern Railroad . Station platforms were constructed for the line 's fifteen stations serving the cities of Oceanside ( western terminus ) , Vista , San Marcos , and Escondido ( eastern terminus ) . The line provides service to Palomar College and California State University , San Marcos . Sprinter service operates every 30 minutes and is targeted towards commuters . The Sprinter is operated by the North County Transit District of Oceanside , the area 's public transit agency . The agency also operates the Coaster commuter rail line and the BREEZE Bus routes . At Oceanside Transit Center , the Sprinter connects to three commuter rail lines ( the Coaster , the Metrolink Orange County Line , and the Metrolink Inland Empire-Orange County Line ) , as well as to Amtrak 's Pacific Surfliner regional rail line . A 2007 study by the San Diego Association of Governments ( SANDAG ) predicted that the Sprinter would reduce road trips by 5,000 a day ( a round trip by car would be two road trips ) . It also predicted over 11,000 riders ( trips ) per day by the end of the first year . Ridership numbers did climb after opening , reaching just under 8,000 people per day as of March 2008 . Average weekday ridership for FY2018 was approximately 8,300 ."}]}, {'value': 'Diesel light rail', 'urls': []}, {'value': '1', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The SPRINTER operates in north region of San Diego County , running from Oceanside east to Escondido', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/North_County,_San_Diego', 'summary': "North County is a region in the northern area of San Diego County , California . It is the second-most populous region in the county ( after San Diego ) , with an estimated population of 869,322 . North County is well known for its affluence , especially in Encinitas , Carlsbad , Del Mar , Rancho Santa Fe , and Solana Beach , where house prices range , on average , above one million dollars . Cities along the 78 freeway ( Oceanside , Vista , San Marcos ) have more upper middle class incomes , while Escondido has more mixed income . Beach culture is prominent in the area , and many of the region 's beaches and lagoons are protected areas to help ensure the environment remains pristine , though there has been pressure from commercial entities to develop some of these areas ."}, {'url': '/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California', 'summary': "San Diego County , officially the County of San Diego , is a county in the southwestern corner of the state of California , in the United States . As of the 2010 census , the population was 3,095,313. making it California 's second-most populous county and the fifth-most populous in the United States . Its county seat is San Diego , the eighth-most populous city in the United States . It is the southwesternmost county in the 48 contiguous United States . San Diego County comprises the San Diego-Chula Vista-Carlsbad , CA Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is the 17th most populous metropolitan statistical area and the 18th most populous primary statistical area of the United States as of July 1 , 2012 . San Diego is also part of the San Diego-Tijuana metropolitan area , the largest metropolitan area shared between the United States and Mexico . Greater San Diego ranks as the 38th largest metropolitan area in the Americas . San Diego County has more than 70 miles ( 110 km ) of coastline . This forms the most densely populated region of the county , which has a mild Mediterranean to semiarid climate and extensive chaparral vegetation , similar to the rest of the western portion of southern California . Precipitation and temperature extremes increase to the east , with mountains that receive frost and snow in the winter . These lushly forested mountains receive more rainfall than average in southern California , while the desert region of the county lies in a rain shadow to the east , which extends into the Desert Southwest region of North America . There are also 16 naval and military installations of the U.S. Navy , U.S. Marine Corps , and the U.S. Coast Guard in San Diego County ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Oceanside,_California', 'summary': "Oceanside is a coastal city located on California 's South Coast . It is the third-largest city in San Diego County , California . The city had a population of 167,086 at the 2010 census . Together with Carlsbad and Vista , it forms a tri-city area . Oceanside is located just south of Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Escondido,_California', 'summary': "Escondido ( /ˌɛskənˈdiːdoʊ/ ES-kən-DEE-doh ) is a city in San Diego County 's North County region , 30 miles ( 48 km ) northeast of downtown San Diego , 11.5 miles from the ocean , and 35 miles from the Mexican border . The city occupies a shallow valley ringed by rocky hills . Incorporated in 1888 , it is one of the oldest cities in San Diego County . It had a population of 143,911 in the 2010 census ."}]}, {'value': 'VTA Light Rail', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/Santa_Clara_Valley_Transportation_Authority_light_rail', 'summary': "VTA Light Rail ( reporting mark SCCT ) is a light rail system serving San Jose , California , and its suburbs in Silicon Valley . It is operated by the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority , or VTA , and consists of 42.2 miles ( 67.9 km ) of network comprising two main lines and a spur line on standard gauge tracks . Originally opened on December 11 , 1987 , the light rail system has gradually expanded since then , and currently has 60 light rail stations in operation on the three lines . VTA operates a fleet of Kinki Sharyo Low Floor Light Rail Vehicles ( LFLRV ) to service its passengers . The system 's average weekday daily ridership as of Q3 2018 is 28,800 passengers ; the greatest daily average recorded over a month was 37,536 in June 2008 ."}]}, {'value': 'Light Rail', 'urls': []}, {'value': '3', 'urls': []}, {'value': 'The Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority ( VTA ) Light Rail system serves San Jose and its suburbs in the Silicon Valley', 'urls': [{'url': '/wiki/San_Jose,_California', 'summary': "San Jose [ A ] ( /ˌsæn hoʊˈzeɪ , -ˈseɪ/ ; Spanish : [ saŋ xoˈse ] ; Spanish for Saint Joseph ) , officially the City of San José , [ B ] is the economic , cultural and political center of Silicon Valley , and the largest city in Northern California ( both by population and area ) . With an estimated 2018 population of 1,030,119 , it is the third-most populous city in California ( after Los Angeles and San Diego ) and the tenth-most populous in United States . Located in the center of the Santa Clara Valley , on the southern shore of San Francisco Bay , San Jose covers an area of 179.97 square miles ( 466.1 km2 ) . San Jose is the county seat of Santa Clara County , the most affluent county in California and one of the most affluent counties in the United States . San Jose is the main component of the San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara Metropolitan Statistical Area , with an estimated population of around 2 million residents in 2018 . It is also the most populous city in both the San Francisco Bay Area and the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Combined Statistical Area , which contain 7.7 million and 8.7 million people respectively . San Jose is a global city , notable as a center of innovation , for its affluence , Mediterranean climate , and extremely high cost of living . San Jose 's location within the booming high tech industry , as a cultural , political , and economic center has earned the city the nickname Capital of Silicon Valley . San Jose is one of the wealthiest major cities in the United States and the world , and has the third highest GDP per capita in the world ( after Zürich , Switzerland and Oslo , Norway ) , according to the Brookings Institution . The San Jose Metropolitan Area has the most millionaires and the most billionaires in the United States per capita . With a median home price of $ 1,085,000 , San Jose has the most expensive housing market in the country and the fifth most expensive housing market in the world , according to the 2017 Demographia International Housing Affordability Survey . Major global tech companies including Cisco Systems , eBay , Adobe Systems , PayPal , Broadcom , Samsung , Acer , Hewlett Packard Enterprise , and Western Digital maintain their headquarters in San Jose , in the center of Silicon Valley ."}, {'url': '/wiki/Silicon_Valley', 'summary': "Silicon Valley is a region in the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California that serves as a global center for high technology , innovation , and social media . It corresponds roughly to the geographical Santa Clara Valley , although its boundaries have increased in recent decades . San Jose is the Valley 's largest city , the third-largest in California , and the tenth-largest in the United States . Other major Silicon Valley cities include Palo Alto , Menlo Park , Redwood City , Cupertino , Santa Clara , Mountain View , and Sunnyvale . The San Jose Metropolitan Area has the third-highest GDP per capita in the world ( after Zurich , Switzerland and Oslo , Norway ) , according to the Brookings Institution . The word silicon in the name originally referred to the large number of innovators and manufacturers in the region specializing in silicon-based MOS transistors and integrated circuit chips . The area is now home to many of the world 's largest high-tech corporations , including the headquarters of more than 30 businesses in the Fortune 1000 , and thousands of startup companies . Silicon Valley also accounts for one-third of all of the venture capital investment in the United States , which has helped it to become a leading hub and startup ecosystem for high-tech innovation and scientific development . It was in Silicon Valley that the silicon-based integrated circuit , the microprocessor , and the microcomputer , among other technologies , were developed . As of 2013 , the region employed about a quarter of a million information technology workers . As more high-tech companies were established across San Jose and the Santa Clara Valley , and then north towards the Bay Area 's two other major cities , San Francisco and Oakland , the term Silicon Valley has come to have two definitions : a geographic one , referring to Santa Clara County , and a metonymical one , referring to all high-tech businesses in the Bay Area . The term is often used as a synecdoche for the American high-technology economic sector ."}]}], 'section_title': 'Rail travel', 'section_text': 'See also : History of rail transportation in California and List of California railroads Although known for its car culture , California also has a number of local and regional passenger rail systems , including the following :', 'uid': 'Transportation_in_California_0', 'intro': "California's transportation system is complex and dynamic. Although known for its car culture and extensive network of freeways and roads, the state also has a vast array of rail, sea, and air transport. Several subway, light rail, and commuter rail networks are found in many of the state's largest population centers. In addition, with the state's location on the West Coast of the United States, several important ports in California handle freight shipments from the Pacific Rim and beyond. A number of airports are also spread out across the state, ranging from small general aviation airports to large international hubs like Los Angeles International Airport and San Francisco International Airport. However, in a state with over 39 million people, rapid population expansion, and diverse terrain and weather, that system is under pressure to stay ahead of population growth and transportation needs."}
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What new destination did the Marin County rail system reach in December , 2019 ?
Larkspur